FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mickens, RE Jordan, PM AF Mickens, RE Jordan, PM TI A new positivity-preserving nonstandard finite difference scheme for the DWE SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE Maxwell-Cattaneo law; nonstandard finite difference scheme; damped wave equation; positivity AB An improved positivity-preserving nonstandard finite difference scheme for the linear damped wave equation is presented. Unlike an earlier such scheme developed by the authors, the new scheme involves three time levels and is therefore able to include the effects of the equation's relaxation coefficient. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 976 EP 985 DI 10.1002/num.20073 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 953JG UT WOS:000231071800006 ER PT J AU Zhu, XQ Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zhu, XQ Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Effect of heat transfer law on the ecological optimization of a generalized irreversible carnot engine SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; ENDOREVERSIBLE THERMAL CYCLES; FINITE-TIME; MAXIMUM-POWER; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; PROPERTY AB The optimal ecological performance of a irreversible Carnot engine with the losses of heat-resistance, heat leak and internal irreversibility, in which the transfer between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs obeys a generalized heat transfer law Q proportional to Delta(T-n), is derived by taking an ecological optimization criterion as the objective, which consists of maximizing a function representing the best compromise between the power and entropy production rate of the heat engine. Some special examples are discusses. A numerical example is given to show the effects of heat transfer law, heat leakage and internal irreversibility on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible heat engine. The results can provide some theoretical guidance for the designs of practical engine. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Jiangsu Tech Normal Coll, Changzhou 223001, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM gchenna@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s11080-005-0922-3 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 958TV UT WOS:000231472000004 ER PT J AU Brown, G Carlyle, M Diehl, D Kline, J Wood, K AF Brown, G Carlyle, M Diehl, D Kline, J Wood, K TI A two-sided optimization for theater ballistic missile defense SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NETWORK INTERDICTION AB We describe JOINT DEFENDER, a new two-sided optimization model for planning the pre-positioning of defensive missile interceptors to counter an attack threat. In our basic model, a defender pre-positions ballistic missile defense platforms to minimize the worst-case damage an attacker can achieve; we assume that the attacker will be aware of defensive pre-positioning decisions, and that both sides have complete information as to target values, attacking-missile launch sites, weapon system capabilities, etc. Other model variants investigate the value of secrecy by restricting the attacker's and/or defender's access to information. For a realistic scenario, we can evaluate a completely transparent exchange in a few minutes on a laptop computer, and can plan near-optimal secret defenses in seconds. JOINT DEFENDER's mathematical foundation and its computational efficiency complement current missile-defense planning tools that use heuristics or supercomputing. The model can also provide unique insight into the value Of secrecy and deception to either side. We demonstrate with two hypothetical North Korean scenarios. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gbrown@nps.edu; mcarlyle@nps.edu; ddiehl@nps.edu; jekline@nps.edu; kwood@nps.edu OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 37 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 745 EP 763 DI 10.1287/opre.1050.0231 PG 19 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 973JA UT WOS:000232517500001 ER PT J AU Matis, BA Cochran, MA Wang, G Franco, M Eckert, GJ Carlotti, RJ Bryan, C AF Matis, BA Cochran, MA Wang, G Franco, M Eckert, GJ Carlotti, RJ Bryan, C TI A clinical evaluation of bleaching using whitening wraps and strips SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY; SAFETY; GEL AB This study evaluated the degree of color change of teeth and the sensitivities of teeth and gums in an in vivo study. Ranir Whitening Wraps (WW2) and Crest Whitestrips Premium (WP2) were used twice a day and Ranir Whitening Wraps (WW1) were used once a day. Color evaluations occurred at baseline, after five and seven-day use of bleaching agent and 14 days post-bleaching. Color change was evaluated objectively and subjectively. Sensitivity evaluations were also accomplished. Seventy-six of the 78 subjects enrolled completed the study. All three products significantly lightened teeth. WW2 lightened more than WP2 and WW1 in L*, a*, b*, E and shade guide value. WP2 lightened more than WW1 in a*, b*, E and shade guide value. There was no difference in tooth sensitivity, but WW1 and WP2 caused less gingival sensitivity than WW2. The mean age of smokers was seven years younger than nonsmokers who qualified. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Indianapolis, IN USA. Wuhan Univ, Dept Prosthodont Coll, Wuhan, Peoples R China. Wuhan Univ, Hosp Stomatol, Wuhan, Peoples R China. USN, Dental Corps, Fishers, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Ranir Corp, Regulatory Affairs & Dev, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Matis, BA (reprint author), 1121 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM bmatis@iupui.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 30 IS 5 BP 588 EP 592 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 967UU UT WOS:000232117500003 PM 16268392 ER PT J AU Bashkansky, M Beadie, G Dutton, Z Fatemi, FK Reintjes, J Steiner, M AF Bashkansky, M Beadie, G Dutton, Z Fatemi, FK Reintjes, J Steiner, M TI Slow-light dynamics of large-bandwidth pulses in warm rubidium vapor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GROUP-VELOCITY; ATOMIC GAS AB We study slow-light propagation dynamics in warm Rb vapor. We present data showing significant pulse reshaping when the bandwidth of the pulses is increased and present a model that qualitatively explains the observed behavior. Our data and modeling emphasize how the Doppler broadening in a warm vapor strongly affects the propagation of high-frequency components and leads to unintuitive features on the transmitted pulse shapes. This has important consequences for applications involving the delay of large-bandwidth pulses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5614, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bashkansky@nrl.navy.mil OI Steiner, Michael/0000-0003-3199-0935 NR 8 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 AR 033819 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.033819 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 969IR UT WOS:000232228300169 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Why liquids are fragile SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR LIQUIDS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE AB The fragilities (T-g-normalized temperature dependence of alpha-relaxation times) of 33 glass-forming liquids and polymers are compared for isobaric, m(P), and isochoric, m(V), conditions. We find that the two quantities are linearly correlated: m(P)=(37 +/- 3)+(0.84 +/- 0.05)m(V). This result has obvious and important consequences, since the ratio m(V)/m(P) is a measure of the relative degree to which temperature and density control the dynamics. Moreover, we show that the fragility itself is a consequence of the relative interplay of temperature and density effects near T-g. Specifically, strong behavior reflects a substantial contribution from density (jammed dynamics), while the relaxation of fragile liquids is more thermally activated. Drawing on the scaling law log(tau)=J(T upsilon(gamma)), a physical interpretation of this result in terms of the intermolecular potential is offered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@nrl.navy.mil; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 53 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 AR 031503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.031503 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 969IJ UT WOS:000232227500044 PM 16241440 ER PT J AU Dacol, DK Roy, DG AF Dacol, DK Roy, DG TI Generalized optical theorem for scattering in inhomogeneous media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTION THEOREM; GUIDES AB The scattering of scalar waves by objects embedded in an inhomogeneous medium contained by a bounded volume is discussed using the method of pseudopotentials. The scattering amplitude for the object in an extended uniform medium is assumed known and used as input. The scattering process is described by using an expansion of the scattering amplitude in terms of spherical harmonics. An appropriate multipole decomposition of the Green function in the bounded medium is developed and the effective scattering amplitude in this environment is defined. The generalized optical theorem obeyed by this effective scattering amplitude is obtained and analyzed. The scattering problem is formulated entirely and explicitly in terms of the bounded medium's Green functions. This approach is thus very flexible in regards to the choice of incident field. In the case of waveguides the connection between propagation and scattering is explicit. At the same time it still allows for independent computation of the propagation and scattering aspects of the problem. This is the main advantage of using as input the scattering amplitude in an extended uniform medium. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Med Imaging Res Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84109 USA. RP Dacol, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 AR 036609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.036609 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 969IM UT WOS:000232227800094 PM 16241594 ER PT J AU Penano, JR Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Manheimer, W Zigler, A AF Penano, JR Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Manheimer, W Zigler, A TI Transmission of intense femtosecond laser pulses into dielectrics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID IMPACT IONIZATION; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; FIELD-IONIZATION; ABLATION; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISMS; DYNAMICS; SIO2; AIR; FS AB The interaction of intense, femtosecond laser pulses with a dielectric medium is examined using a numerical simulation. The simulation uses the one-dimensional electromagnetic wave equation to model laser pulse propagation. In addition, it includes multiphoton ionization, electron attachment, Ohmic heating of free electrons, and temperature-dependent collisional ionization. Laser pulses considered in this study are characterized by peak intensities similar to 10(12)-10(14) W/cm(2) and pulse durations similar to 10-100 fsec. These laser pulses interacting with fused silica are shown to produce above-critical plasma densities and electron energy densities sufficient to attain experimentally measured damage thresholds. Significant transmission of laser energy is observed even in cases where the peak plasma density is above the critical density for reflection. A damage fluence based on absorbed laser energy is calculated for various pulse durations. The calculated damage fluence threshold is found to be consistent with recent experimental results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Penano, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012 NR 27 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 AR 036412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.036412 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 969IM UT WOS:000232227800084 PM 16241584 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DD Walker, DN Messer, SJ Amatucci, WE AF Blackwell, DD Walker, DN Messer, SJ Amatucci, WE TI Characteristics of the plasma impedance probe with constant bias SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON-DENSITY; RESONANCE AB The impedance of a small spherical probe immersed in a uniform plasma is measured by recording the reflection coefficient of an applied signal using a network analyzer. This impedance has a resonance at the plasma frequency where the imaginary part goes to zero, a feature that has made this measurement a good way of determining electron density. When the plasma potential is positive with respect to the sphere-for example, if the sphere is electrically floating or grounded, a second resonance occurs at omega 2p Xe(L) hollow atom transitions at lambda similar to 2.7-2.9 A SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERDENSE PLASMA; XE CLUSTERS; PULSE; RADIATION; CHANNELS AB The Xe(L) system at lambda similar to 2.9 angstrom uniformly exhibits all of the canonical attributes of a strongly saturated amplifier on the full ensemble of (2 (p) over bar) single-vacancy Xeq+ transition arrays (q = 31, 32, 34, 35, 36) that exhibit gain. The key observables are (1) sharp spectral narrowing, (2) the detection of a narrow directed beam (delta theta(x) congruent to 200 mu rad), (3) an increase in the amplitude of the emission and the development of an intense output (>= 10(6) enhancement) and (4) the observation of deep spectral hole-burning on the inhomogeneously broadened spontaneous emission profile. Experimentally determined by two methods, (a) line narrowing and (b) signal enhancement, the observations for several single-vacancy 3d -> 2p transitions indicate a range of values for the effective small signal (linear) gain constant given by g(o) congruent to 25-100 cm(-1). Quantitative analysis shows that this result stands in clear conflict with the corresponding upper bound g(o) congruent to 40-80 cm(-1) that is based on available spectroscopic data and estimated with conventional theory. Overall, the observed values deviate substantially from expectations scaled to the spectral density of the measured Xe(L) spontaneous emission profile; they are systematically too high. The most extreme example is the heavily saturated Xe32+ transition at lambda = 2.71 angstrom, a case that fails to reconcile the lower bound of the measured signal strength with the corresponding theoretically predicted maximal value; the former falls above the latter by a factor exceeding 400 giving an enormous gap. Moreover, although saturation is a prominent characteristic of the amplification at lambda congruent to 2.71 angstrom, as demonstrated by spectral hole-buming, the theoretical upper bound of g(o) given for this transition is far too small for saturation to be reached. The Xe31+ transition at lambda congruent to 2.93 angstrom exhibits comparably pronounced anomalous behaviour. This double paradox is resolved with the Ansatz that the amplification is governed principally by the saturated gain g, not the conventionally described small signal value g(o) This interpretation is further supported by the observation of deep spectral hole-burning, the signature of strong saturation, that occurs uniformly across the spectrum of the spontaneous emission profile. The effective amplification exhibits an anomalously weak dependence on the spectral density; saturation is the rule, not the exception. A lucid manifestation of the saturation is the recording of spectrally resolved x-ray yields on the Xe31+ array that are sufficiently high to produce gross structural damage to the material in the film plane of the spectrograph. The behaviour of the amplifier can be best described as an explosive supersaturated amplification. The source of this exceptionally strong amplification can be traced to the dynamically enhanced radiative response of the excited Xe hollow atom states located in the clusters that are mode coupled to the plasma waveguide forming the amplifying channel. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Boyer, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Lab Xray Microimaging & Bioinformat, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 16 BP 3055 EP 3069 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/16/016 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 966AC UT WOS:000231991000018 ER PT J AU Lynch, BJ Gruesbeck, JR Zurbuchen, TH Antiochos, SK AF Lynch, BJ Gruesbeck, JR Zurbuchen, TH Antiochos, SK TI Solar cycle-dependent helicity transport by magnetic clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRY; ACTIVE REGIONS; FIELD LINES; FLUX ROPES; WIND; RECONNECTION; BUDGET; GEOEFFECTIVENESS; ELECTRONS AB [1] Magnetic clouds observed with the Wind and ACE spacecraft are fit with the static, linear force-free cylinder model to obtain estimates of the chirality, fluxes, and magnetic helicity of each event. The fastest magnetic clouds (MCs) are shown to carry the most flux and helicity. We calculate the net cumulative helicity which measures the difference in right- and left-handed helicity contained in MCs over time. The net cumulative helicity does not average to zero; rather, a strong left-handed helicity bias develops over the solar cycle, dominated by the largest events of cycle 23: Bastille Day 2000 and 28 October 2003. The majority of MCs ("slow'' events, [V-r] < 500 km/s) have a net cumulative helicity profile that appears to be modulated by the solar activity cycle. This is far less evident for "fast'' MC events ([V-r] >= 500 km/s), which were disproportionately left-handed over our data set. A brief discussion about the various solar sources of CME helicity and their implication for dynamo processes is included. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lynch, BJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lynchb@engin.umich.edu RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X NR 69 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A8 AR A08107 DI 10.1029/2005JA011137 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 960EJ UT WOS:000231572700006 ER PT J AU Simon, WK Akdogan, EK Safari, A Bellotti, JA AF Simon, WK Akdogan, EK Safari, A Bellotti, JA TI In-plane microwave dielectric properties of paraelectric barium strontium titanate thin films with anisotropic epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERDIGITAL CAPACITORS; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; TEMPERATURE; TUNABILITY; FREQUENCY AB In-plane dielectric properties of < 110 > oriented epitaxial (Ba0.60Sr0.40)TiO3 thin films in the thickness range from 25-1200 nm have been investigated under the influence of anisotropic epitaxial strains from < 100 > NdGaO3 substrates. The measured dielectric properties show strong residual strain and in-plane directional dependence. Below 150 nm film thickness, there appears to be a phase transition due to the anisotropic nature of the misfit strain relaxation. In-plane relative permittivity is found to vary from as much as 500-150 along [110] and [001] respectively, in 600 nm thick films, and from 75 to 500 overall. Tunability was found to vary from as much as 54% to 20% in all films and directions, and in a given film the best tunability is observed along the compressed axis in a mixed strain state, 54% along [110] in the 600 nm film for example. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Safari, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM safari@rci.rutgers.edu NR 22 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 8 AR 082906 DI 10.1063/1.2031938 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 956OW UT WOS:000231310700043 ER PT J AU Dahl, K Sando, GM Fox, DM Sutto, TE Owrutsky, JC AF Dahl, K Sando, GM Fox, DM Sutto, TE Owrutsky, JC TI Vibrational spectroscopy and dynamics of small anions in ionic liquid solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; ENERGY RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AZIDE ION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; DICYANAMIDE ANION; NEGATIVE-IONS; X-RAY AB Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and time-resolved IR spectroscopies have been used to study vibrational band positions, vibrational energy relaxation (VER) rates, and reorientation times of anions in several ionic liquid (IL) solutions. The ILs primarily investigated are based on the 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ([BM2IM]) cation with thiocyanate (NCS-), dicyanamide (N(CN)(2)(-)), and tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) anions. Spectroscopic studies are carried out near 2000 cm(-1) for the C N stretching bands of NCS- and N(CN)(2)(-) as the IL anion as well as for NCS-, N(CN)(2)(-), and azide (N-3(-)) anions dissolved in [BM2IM][BF4]. The VER studies of N(CN)(2)(-) are reported for the first time. VER of N-3(-), NCS-, and N(CN)(2)(-) is measured in normal solvents, such as N-methylformamide, to compare with the IL solutions. The spectral shifts and VER rates of the anions in IL solution are quite similar to those in polar aprotic, conventional organic solvents, i.e., dimethylsulfoxide, and significantly different than those in methanol, in which there is hydrogen bonding. Similar studies were also carried out for the anions in another IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]), in which the C2 hydrogen is present. The results for the anions are similar to those in the [BM2IM] containing ILs, in which the C2 hydrogen is methyl substituted. This suggests that substituting this hydrogen has, at most, a minor effect on the degree of hydrogen bonding in the anion-IL solvation interaction based on the infrared spectra and dynamics. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 66 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 8 AR 084504 DI 10.1063/1.2000229 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 960MU UT WOS:000231598600035 PM 16164309 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, A Carter, MW Casey, JA Kim, M Holm, RT Henry, RL Eddy, CR Shamamian, VA Bussmann, K Shi, S Prather, DW AF Rosenberg, A Carter, MW Casey, JA Kim, M Holm, RT Henry, RL Eddy, CR Shamamian, VA Bussmann, K Shi, S Prather, DW TI Guided resonances in asymmetrical GaN photonic crystal slabs observed in the visible spectrum SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate that guided resonant modes can be readily observed in asymmetrical photonic crystal slabs on high-index substrates. In spite of the high radiative loss associated with all optical modes in these cases, the guided resonant modes are found to give rise to strong high-Q features in the transmission spectra. Since these photonic crystal structures are far more robust and easier to fabricate than the free-standing photonic crystal membranes used in previous studies of guided resonant modes, detailed studies of relevant optical phenomena and the implementation of proposed applications are greatly simplified. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rosenberg, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM armand.rosenberg@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 22 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 17 BP 6564 EP 6571 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.006564 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 957MX UT WOS:000231375000028 PM 19498672 ER PT J AU Naletto, G Fineschi, S Antonucci, E Da Deppo, V Nicolosi, P Zangrilli, L Romoli, M Malvezzi, M Moses, D AF Naletto, G Fineschi, S Antonucci, E Da Deppo, V Nicolosi, P Zangrilli, L Romoli, M Malvezzi, M Moses, D TI Optical design of a high-spatial-resolution extreme-ultraviolet spectroheliograph for the transition region SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SUMER TELESCOPE; SOHO MISSION; SOLAR; SPECTROMETER; RADIATION; SPECTRA; EUV; UV AB A spectroheliograph dedicated to the observation of the solar disk in the extreme-ultraviolet OV spectral line at 62.97 nm is described. As demonstrated in the Skylab SO-82A spectroheliograph [Appl. Opt. 16, 870 (1977)], this line is uniquely suited to characterize solar plasma in the important 250, 000 K temperature regime. No multilayer coating or suitable filter is yet available to select this wavelength, so an optical design based on a double spectrograph with a spatial filter to remove the unwanted radiation has been developed. Analysis of the optical design shows that this instrument can obtain a 1 arcsec spatial resolution (two pixels) with a relatively high image-acquisition cadence. A preliminary tolerance analysis has been performed. A simple method of instrument alignment in visible light is also described. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informat, I-34131 Padua, Italy. Osserv Astron Torino, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Dept Solar Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Naletto, G (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informat, Via Gradenigo 6-B, I-34131 Padua, Italy. EM naletto@dei.unipd.it RI Da Deppo, Vania/D-2897-2012; Romoli, Marco/H-6859-2012; Naletto, Giampiero/S-6329-2016; OI Da Deppo, Vania/0000-0001-6273-8738; Naletto, Giampiero/0000-0003-2007-3138; Zangrilli, Luca/0000-0002-4184-2031 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 24 BP 5046 EP 5054 DI 10.1364/AO.44.005046 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 956ID UT WOS:000231292500007 PM 16121789 ER PT J AU DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK Aulanier, G AF DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK Aulanier, G TI Solar prominence interactions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACTIVE-REGION; FILAMENT; EVOLUTION; HELICITY; CONFIGURATIONS; RECONNECTION; FLARE AB We report numerical simulations of the formation, interaction, and magnetic reconnection between pairs of solar prominences within the sheared-arcade model. Our experiments consider the four possible basic combinations of chiralities (identical or opposite) and axial magnetic fields (aligned or opposed) between the participating prominences. When the topology of the global flux system comprising the prominences and arcades is bipolar, so that a single polarity inversion line is shared by the two structures, then identical chiralities necessarily imply aligned axial fields, while opposite chiralities imply opposed axial fields. In the former case, external magnetic reconnections forming field lines linking the two prominences occur; in the latter, such reconnections are disfavored, and no linkage takes place. These results concur with empirical rules for prominence interactions. When the topology instead is quadrupolar, so that a second polarity inversion line crossing the first lies between the prominences, then the converse relation holds between chirality and axial-field alignment. External reconnections forming linking field lines now occur between prominences with opposite chiralities; they also occur, but result only in footpoint exchanges, between prominences with identical chiralities. These findings conflict with the accepted empirical rules but may not have been tested in observations to date. All of our model prominences, especially those that undergo linking reconnections, contain substantial magnetic shear and twist. Nevertheless, none exhibits any sign of onset of instability or loss of equilibrium that might culminate in an eruption. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Paris, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-91295 Meudon, France. RP DeVore, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM devore@nrl.navy.mil RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 629 IS 2 BP 1122 EP 1134 DI 10.1086/431721 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 954MP UT WOS:000231159500048 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Warren, HP AF Doschek, GA Warren, HP TI Chromospheric evaporation in solar flares revisited SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; XIX RESONANCE LINE; X-RAY; CA-XIX; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; JANUARY 5; YOHKOH; LOOP; EMISSION AB We investigate the initial stage of chromospheric evaporation in flares using soft X-ray spectra obtained by the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) experiment on Yohkoh. We find that the centroid wavelength of the Ca XIX line in spectra with the first detectable emission is within about 8: 5; 10(-4) angstrom of the rest wavelength, which corresponds to a Doppler shift of no more than 80 km s(-1). We also determine the minimum detectable soft X-ray flare volume emission measure from BCS Ca XIX flare spectra. We find that the minimum detectable emission measured by BCS is produced by an X-ray flux that is about equal to the peak intensity of a class A6 flare. These results are difficult to reconcile with one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of an impulsively heated flare loop, which predict large Doppler shifts during the initial stage of the heating. Furthermore, inspection of high spatial resolution TRACE images of flare plasma indicate significant differences between the observed morphology and the predictions of hydrodynamic models. The evolution of the intensity and the Doppler shifts are more consistent with models that assume the sequential heating of small-scale threads rather than the heating of an individual loop. However, the bright knots of emission and asymmetrical intensity distributions seen in flare images cannot be explained by current numerical models of chromospheric evaporation. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 629 IS 2 BP 1150 EP 1163 DI 10.1086/431920 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 954MP UT WOS:000231159500051 ER PT J AU Brogan, CL Gaensler, BM Gelfand, JD Lazendic, JS Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE McClure-Griffiths, NM AF Brogan, CL Gaensler, BM Gelfand, JD Lazendic, JS Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE McClure-Griffiths, NM TI Discovery of a radio supernova remnant and nonthermal X-rays coincident with the TeV source HESS J1813-178 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; ISM : individual (G12.8-0.0, HESS J1813+178); radio lines : ISM; supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID GALACTIC PLANE; MILKY-WAY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CONTINUUM SURVEY; SN 1006; SHELL; W33; RADIATION; EMISSION AB We present the discovery of nonthermal radio and X-ray emission positionally coincident with the TeV gammaray source HESS J1813 - 178. We demonstrate that the nonthermal radio emission is due to a young shell-type supernova remnant (SNR), G12.8 - 0.0, and constrain its distance to be greater than 4 kpc. The X-ray emission is primarily nonthermal and is consistent with either an SNR shell or unidentified pulsar or pulsar wind nebula origin; pulsed emission is not detected in archival ASCA data. A simple synchrotron plus inverse Compton model for the broadband emission assuming that all of the emission arises from the SNR shell implies maximum energies of (30 - 450)[B/(10 mu G)](-0.5) TeV. Further observations are needed in order to confirm that the broadband emission has a common origin and to better constrain the X-ray spectrum. C1 Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Brogan, CL (reprint author), Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM cbrogan@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Gelfand, Joseph/F-1110-2015; OI Gelfand, Joseph/0000-0003-4679-1058; McClure-Griffiths, Naomi/0000-0003-2730-957X; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 36 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 629 IS 2 BP L105 EP L108 DI 10.1086/491471 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 954MT UT WOS:000231159900009 ER PT J AU Jacoby, BA Hotan, A Bailes, M Ord, S Kulkarni, SR AF Jacoby, BA Hotan, A Bailes, M Ord, S Kulkarni, SR TI The mass of a millisecond pulsar SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; pulsars : individual (PSR J1909-3744); relativity; stars : distances; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : neutron ID RELATIVISTIC CELESTIAL MECHANICS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; BINARY-SYSTEMS; RADIO PULSARS; TELESCOPE AB We report on nearly 2 years of timing observations of the low-mass binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1909 - 3744 with the Caltech-Parkes-Swinburne Recorder II, a new instrument that gives unprecedented timing precision. Daily observations give a weighted rms residual of 74 ns, indicating an extremely low level of systematic error. We have greatly improved on the previous parallax and proper motion measurements of PSR J1909 - 3744, yielding a distance of 1.14(-0.03)(+0.04) kpc and transverse velocity of 200(-6)(+7) km s(-1). The system's orbital eccentricity is just (1.35 +/- 12) x 10(-7), the smallest yet recorded. Since their discovery, the masses of the rapidly rotating millisecond pulsars have remained a mystery, with the recycling hypothesis arguing for heavy objects, and the accretion-induced collapse of a white dwarf more consistent with neutron stars less than the Chandrashkar limit. Fortuitously, PSR J1909 - 3744 is an edge- on system, and our data have allowed the measurement of the range and shape of the Shapiro delay to high accuracy, giving the first precise determination of a millisecond pulsar mass to date, m(p) =1.438 +/- 0.024 M-circle dot. The mass of PSR J1909 - 3744 is at the upper edge of the range observed that the production of millisecond pulsars is possible with the accretion of < 0.2 M-circle dot. C1 CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3112, Australia. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Jacoby, BA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bryan.jacoby@nrl.navy.mil; ahotan@astro.swin.edu.au; mbailes@astro.swin.edu.au; ord@physics.usyd.edu.au; srk@astro.caltech.edu RI Ord, Stephen/C-6138-2013 NR 25 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2005 VL 629 IS 2 BP L113 EP L116 DI 10.1086/449311 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 954MT UT WOS:000231159900011 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wieting, TJ Wu, DH AF Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wieting, TJ Wu, DH TI Piezo-induced sensitivity enhancements in electro-optic field sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; RESONANCE; DEVICES AB Responsivity measurements are reported for LiNbO3 electro-optic field sensors operated under applied electric fields at ac frequencies in the vicinity of the acoustic resonance values of the crystals. At these frequencies, piezoelectric effects dominate the sensor output. These resonance effects are well known and commonly considered parasitic. However, we propose their use as a sensitivity-enhancing mechanism for electric-field detection. We have found that our field sensors operated within these resonances responded linearly with the applied field strength and exhibited increases in their intrinsic sensitivities as high as 350 times larger than their normal, electro-optic values. Our modeling of the data suggests that the sensitivity enhancements are produced by the interplay between photoelastic shifts in the refractive indices and the physical vibration modes of the crystals. Aside from narrowband applications, these resonant enhancements can be exploited with fields at frequencies well beyond the narrow bandwidth of the acoustic resonance, if the fields are properly modulated. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garzarel@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 4 AR 043113 DI 10.1063/1.2030414 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 959XD UT WOS:000231551700014 ER PT J AU Mitrescu, C AF Mitrescu, C TI Lidar model with parameterized multiple scattering for retrieving cloud optical properties SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE lidar; multiple scattering; cloud optical properties ID SPACE TECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENT; ELASTIC-BACKSCATTER LIDAR; CIRRUS CLOUDS; POLARIZATION LIDAR; RETURNS; EXTINCTION; RAMAN; CLIMATE; MEDIA; PHASE AB Cirrus clouds play an important role in the climate through their optical and microphysical properties. The problem with measuring optical properties of these clouds can be partially addressed by using lidar systems. This paper presents a new model for describing the multiple scattering contribution to the backscatter signal measured by the lidar system. The new lidar equation introduced this way, expresses the backscatter signal in terms of a polynomial function of the cloud scattering coefficient. Cloud optical properties such as the extinction coefficient and lidar ratio can be deduced from the new proposed lidar equation. Moreover, some cloud microphysical properties can also be inferred from these optical properties. The method is applied to lidar data collected by the micropulsed lidar operating at Nauru under the auspices of the US Department of Energy ARM program. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Amer Soc Engn Educ Postdoctoral Fellow, Marine Meteorol Div,Satellite Meteorol Appl Sect, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mitrescu, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Amer Soc Engn Educ Postdoctoral Fellow, Marine Meteorol Div,Satellite Meteorol Appl Sect, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mitrescu@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD AUG 15 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 2 BP 201 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.10.006 PG 24 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 910JZ UT WOS:000227928700006 ER PT J AU Calvete, MJF Dini, D Flom, SR Hanack, M Pong, RGS Shirk, JS AF Calvete, MJF Dini, D Flom, SR Hanack, M Pong, RGS Shirk, JS TI Synthesis of a bisphthalocyanine and its nonlinear optical properties SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE phthalocyanine; dimer; binuclear complex; reverse saturable absorption; excited state absorption; pulsed laser ID PLANAR BINUCLEAR PHTHALOCYANINES; REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION; INDIUM PHTHALOCYANINES; MOLECULAR DESIGN; ACTIVE MATERIALS; COMPLEXES; METALLOPHTHALOCYANINES; DIMERS; SUBPHTHALOCYANINE; SUBSTITUENTS AB The synthesis and the nonlinear optical properties of an axially substituted binuclear InCl/InCl phthalocyanine 1 with an unsymmetrical substitution pattern are described. The preparation of this new type of binuclear phthalocyanine has been carried out through a multi-step synthetic strategy, which was specially developed for binuclear phthalocyanines. The study has been carried out with the aim of analyzing which variations of the electronic properties accompany the unsymmetrical extension of the pi-electron system of a binuclear Pc when compared to a mononuclear Pc (the complex tBu(4)PcInCl is here taken for comparison). The nonlinear optical properties of InCl/InCl plithalocyanine 1 in toluene were studied with the Z-scan technique in both open- and closed-aperture configurations at 532 nm with nanosecond laser pulses, The binuclear complex displayed a positive nonlinear absorption coefficient. It is found that the linear optical properties were little changed but the optical limiting effectiveness of the binuclear fused phthalocyanine 1 is lower relative to tBu(4)PcInCl. Explanations for such differences are given. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005) C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvete, MJF (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM hanack@uni-tuebingen.de RI Calvete, Mario/D-5547-2012; Dini, Danilo/E-4081-2014 OI Calvete, Mario/0000-0003-2094-4781; Dini, Danilo/0000-0001-5005-4187 NR 80 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-193X J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 12 PY 2005 IS 16 BP 3499 EP 3509 DI 10.1002/ejoc.200500175 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 956YU UT WOS:000231337000012 ER PT J AU Lane, WM Cohen, AS Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Perley, RA Cotton, WD Greisen, EW AF Lane, WM Cohen, AS Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Perley, RA Cotton, WD Greisen, EW TI Postcorrelation radio frequency interference excision at low frequencies SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB [ 1] We present examples of radio frequency interference from our experience with editing data from the Very Large Array and Very Long Baseline Array at frequencies of 74 and 330 MHz and discuss postcorrelation excision schemes commonly used at low radio frequencies (< 1 GHz), including those employed for targeted observations, as well as broader brush automated schemes appropriate for surveys and other large data sets. We elaborate on the strengths and weaknesses of currently employed procedures, with an eye to providing a summary of existing methods for those developing future, more sophisticated postdetection data editing algorithms as well as new low-frequency instruments such as the Long Wavelength Array and Low Frequency Array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Lane, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wendy.peters@nrl.navy.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD AUG 12 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 AR RS5S05 DI 10.1029/2004RS003158 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 957PZ UT WOS:000231384400001 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Warren, HP Joyce, G Pi, X Iijima, B Coker, C AF Huba, JD Warren, HP Joyce, G Pi, X Iijima, B Coker, C TI Global response of the low-latitude to midlatitude ionosphere due to the Bastille Day flare SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-FLARE; MODEL; REGION; SAMI2 AB The first global simulation study and comparison to data of the ionospheric effects associated with the enhanced EUV irradiance of the Bastille Day flare are presented. This is done by incorporating a time-dependent EUV spectrum, based on data and hydrodynamic modeling, into the NRL ionosphere model SAMI3. The simulation results indicate that the total electron content (TEC) increases to over 7 TEC units in the daytime, low-latitude ionosphere. In addition, it is predicted that the maximum density in the F-layer (NmF2) increases by 20% and that the height of the maximum electron density (HmF2) decreases by 20%. These results are explained by the increased ionization at altitudes < 400 km which increases TEC and NmF2 while decreasing HmF2. The results are in reasonably good agreement with data obtained from GPS satellites and the TOPEX satellite. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM huba@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 15 AR L15103 DI 10.1029/2005GL023291 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 957OQ UT WOS:000231380200005 ER PT J AU Foley, TJ Johnson, CE Higa, KT AF Foley, TJ Johnson, CE Higa, KT TI Inhibition of oxide formation on aluminum nanoparticles by transition metal coating SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION; PARTICLES; POWDERS; AIR; SPECTROSCOPY; PASSIVATION; OXIDATION; IGNITION; SURFACE AB Nanometer-sized aluminum powder was synthesized by thermal decomposition of an alane solution in the presence of a titanium catalyst under an inert atmosphere. The resulting material, formally devoid of an oxide layer, was used to reduce complexes of gold, nickel, palladium, and silver. The reduction process yielded materials that contained the transition metal at a level between 1 and 3 atom % on a metals basis, as determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. After exposure to air at ambient conditions, the transition metal treated aluminum materials were found to contain less aluminum oxide than an aluminum sample that was not treated with a transition metal. The nickel treated sample contained as much or more metallic aluminum as the untreated aluminum sample, indicating that C1 NAVIR, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Foley, TJ (reprint author), NAVIR, Weapons Div, 1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM timothy.foley@navy.mil NR 26 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 9 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 16 BP 4086 EP 4091 DI 10.1021/cm047931k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 952YU UT WOS:000231043200011 ER PT J AU Beiner, M Ngai, KL AF Beiner, M Ngai, KL TI Interrelation between primary and secondary relaxations in polymerizing systems based on epoxy resins SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING SUBSTANCES; COUPLING MODEL; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-LINKING; JOHARI-GOLDSTEIN; BETA-RELAXATION; LINEAR-CHAIN; BISPHENOL-A; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; REORIENTATIONAL DYNAMICS AB There is a wealth of experimental data published on the change of molecular dynamics of epoxy resins during polymerization reaction. Common aspects are an increase of the primary alpha-relaxation time tau(alpha) and a broadening of the alpha-relaxation process during the polymerization reaction. In this paper we discuss systematic changes in the two secondary relaxations beta and gamma on the way from a neat molecular glass-former to the fully polymerized state based on literature data and new dielectric results for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with ethylenediamine (EDA). The discussion is focused on common trends in the relaxation time tau(beta) which were not reported previously. It is shown that the relative changes of tau(alpha) and tau(beta) during the polymerization process are in accord with the predictions of the coupling model and that it is the beta-relaxation which is the initiator of the alpha-relaxation of the epoxy resins in its neat state as well as the initiator of the local segmental relaxation of polymerized or cross-linked epoxy resins. In the terminology of small molecular glass-forming substances, the alpha-relaxation of the epoxy resins would be called the Johari-Goldstein process. C1 Univ Halle, Fachbereich Phys, D-06099 Halle An Der Saale, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beiner, M (reprint author), Univ Halle, Fachbereich Phys, D-06099 Halle An Der Saale, Germany. EM beiner@physik.uni-halle.de RI Beiner, Mario/A-2311-2012 OI Beiner, Mario/0000-0003-0459-323X NR 66 TC 34 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 9 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 16 BP 7033 EP 7042 DI 10.1021/ma050384j PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 952CD UT WOS:000230978500041 ER PT J AU Park, HD Prokes, SM Cammarata, RC AF Park, HD Prokes, SM Cammarata, RC TI Growth of epitaxial InAs nanowires in a simple closed system SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; GAAS AB The epitaxial growth of InAs nanowires on an InAs(111) substrate in a sealed quartz tube is described. The method is quite simple and fast, and uses only a bare InAs substrate and a gold colloid coated InAs(111) substrate. High quality InAs nanowires can be produced by this technique, with the nanowire diameter controllable by the variation of growth temperature. The composition of the seed particle at the tip of the nanowire indicates that the nanowires grew via the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism but with Au-In as the liquid alloy. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21216 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM prokes@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Cammarata, Robert /A-3307-2010 NR 12 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 6 AR 063110 DI 10.1063/1.1999846 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 952PB UT WOS:000231016900061 ER PT J AU Yin, H Peterson, RL Hobart, KD Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Sturm, JC AF Yin, H Peterson, RL Hobart, KD Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Sturm, JC TI Tunable uniaxial vs biaxial in-plane strain using compliant substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SIGE ISLANDS; RELAXATION; OXIDE AB In this letter, the relaxation of strained rectangular islands on compliant substrates is used to achieve semiconductor thin films with either uniaxial stress or uniaxial strain in the plane of the film over an area of tens of microns. The work is demonstrated using silicon and silicon-germanium alloy single-crystal thin films, with uniaxial strain values approaching 1%. The biaxially strained SiGe or SiGe/Si films on borophosphorosilicate glass (BPSG) were fabricated by a wafer bonding and layer transfer process. When the viscosity of BPSG drops at high temperatures for short times, films patterned in a rectangular shape can move laterally to relieve stress only in one in-plane direction. Thus one can tailor the strain from biaxial to uniaxial in the thin films. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci & Technol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP IBM Corp, Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Hopewell Jct, NY 12533 USA. EM yinh@us.ibm.com RI Duffy, Thomas/C-9140-2017 OI Duffy, Thomas/0000-0002-5357-1259 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 6 AR 061922 DI 10.1063/1.2006215 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 952PB UT WOS:000231016900036 ER PT J AU Livingston, JM Schmid, B Russell, PB Eilers, JA Kolyer, RW Redemann, J Ramirez, SA Yee, JH Swartz, WH Trepte, CR Thomason, LW Pitts, MC Avery, MA Randall, CE Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Bittner, M Erbertseder, T McPeters, RD Shetter, RE Browell, EV Kerr, JB Lamb, K AF Livingston, JM Schmid, B Russell, PB Eilers, JA Kolyer, RW Redemann, J Ramirez, SA Yee, JH Swartz, WH Trepte, CR Thomason, LW Pitts, MC Avery, MA Randall, CE Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM Bittner, M Erbertseder, T McPeters, RD Shetter, RE Browell, EV Kerr, JB Lamb, K TI Retrieval of ozone column content from airborne Sun photometer measurements during SOLVE II: comparison with coincident satellite and aircraft measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-DEPTH SPECTRA; INFERRING TOTAL OZONE; WATER-VAPOR; SOLAR RADIOMETER; POAM-III; DISTRIBUTIONS; PINATUBO; AIR AB During the 2003 SAGE ( Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) II, the fourteen- channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) was mounted on the NASA DC-8 aircraft and measured spectra of total and aerosol optical depth (TOD and AOD) during the sunlit portions of eight science flights. Values of ozone column content above the aircraft have been derived from the AATS-14 measurements by using a linear least squares method that exploits the differential ozone absorption in the seven AATS-14 channels located within the Chappuis band. We compare AATS-14 columnar ozone retrievals with temporally and spatially near-coincident measurements acquired by the SAGE III and the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III satellite sensors during four solar occultation events observed by each satellite. RMS differences are 19 DU (7% of the AATS value) for AATS-SAGE and 10 DU (3% of the AATS value) for AATS-POAM. In these checks of consistency between AATS-14 and SAGE III or POAM III ozone results, the AATS-14 analyses use airmass factors derived from the relative vertical profiles of ozone and aerosol extinction obtained by SAGE III or POAM III. We also compare AATS-14 ozone retrievals for measurements obtained during three DC-8 flights that included extended horizontal transects with total column ozone data acquired by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite sensors. To enable these comparisons, the amount of ozone in the column below the aircraft is estimated either by assuming a climatological model or by combining SAGE and/or POAM data with high resolution in-situ ozone measurements acquired by the NASA Langley Research Center chemiluminescent ozone sensor, FASTOZ, during the aircraft vertical profile at the start or end of each flight. Resultant total column ozone values agree with corresponding TOMS and GOME measurements to within 10 - 15DU ( similar to 3%) for AATS data acquired during two flights - a longitudinal transect from Sweden to Greenland on 21 January, and a latitudinal transect from 47 degrees N to 35 degrees N on 6 February. For the round trip DC-8 latitudinal transect between 34 degrees N and 22 degrees N on 19 - 20 December 2002, resultant AATS-14 ozone retrievals plus below-aircraft ozone estimates yield a latitudinal gradient that is similar in shape to that observed by TOMS and GOME, but resultant AATS values exceed the corresponding satellite values by up to 30 DU at certain latitudes. These differences are unexplained, but they are attributed to spatial and temporal variability that was associated with the dynamics near the subtropical jet but was unresolved by the satellite sensors. For selected cases, we also compare AATS-14 ozone retrievals with values derived from coincident measurements by the other two DC-8 based solar occultation instruments: the National Center for Atmospheric Research Direct beam Irradiance Airborne Spectrometer (DIAS) and the NASA Langley Research Center Gas and Aerosol Monitoring System ( GAMS). AATS and DIAS retrievals agree to within RMS differences of 1% of the AATS values for the 21 January and 19 - 20 December flights, and 2.3% for the 6 February flight. Corresponding AATS-GAMS RMS differences are similar to 1.5% for the 21 January flight; GAMS data were not compared for the 6 February flight and were not available for the 19 - 20 December flight. Line of sight ozone retrievals from coincident measurements obtained by the three DC-8 solar occultation instruments during the SAGE III solar occultation event on 24 January yield RMS differences of 2.1% for AATS-DIAS and 0.5% for AATS-GAMS. C1 SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Environm Canada, Cobble Hill, BC, Canada. Int Ozone Serv Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Livingston, JM (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlivingston@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Swartz, William/A-1965-2010; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; OI Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189; McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840 NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 2035 EP 2054 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 954LJ UT WOS:000231156300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, JL Reid, JS Holben, BN AF Zhang, JL Reid, JS Holben, BN TI An analysis of potential cloud artifacts in MODIS over ocean aerosol optical thickness products SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AERONET; NETWORK AB Using spatially and temporally collocated MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) products and data from seven AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun-photometer sites, we explored the relationship between MODIS aerosol optical depth and cloud fraction over remote oceans that have been recently reported in the literature. We show that artifacts such as cloud contamination or adjacency effect contribute to the majority of the relationship in clean marine conditions. This cloud fraction effect could result in a 10 - 20% overestimation in monthly mean aerosol optical depth or aerosol direct forcing values that are derived using MODIS aerosol products over cloud free oceans. It may also explain some of the high optical depth values derived in the mid-latitude southern oceans. We also suggest that covariances of meteorological phenomenon such as wind or humidity in cloudy regions while logical might only account for a minor portion of the ensemble relationship. C1 USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NASA, Terr Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Data, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, 542 Sloat Ave 2, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM zhang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 13 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 15 AR L15803 DI 10.1029/2005GL023254 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 954GH UT WOS:000231141600001 ER PT J AU Luo, WM Yu, QS Holloway, HW Parrish, D Greig, NH Brossi, A AF Luo, WM Yu, QS Holloway, HW Parrish, D Greig, NH Brossi, A TI Syntheses of tetrahydrofurobenzofurans and dihydromethanobenzodioxepines from 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one. Rearrangement and ring expansion under reductive conditions on treatment with hydrides SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RACEMIC AFLATOXIN B1; BIOSYNTHESIS; ANALOGS AB 5-Hydroxy-3-methyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one, 5, easily obtained from pyruvic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedione, was used as a starting material to prepare ()-5-hydroxy-3a-methyl-2,3,3a,8a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]benzofuran, 10, and ()-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2,5-methano-1,3-benzodioxepine, 14. Reduced reactivity relative to 5-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonylmethylene-3-methyl-3H-benzofuran2-one, 6, was preliminarily studied. Meanwhile, a plausible mechanism with regard to the formation of 10 and 14, which included cyclization, rearrangement, and ring expansion of hemiacetal, 15, is proposed. Specific carbamates of phenols, 10 and 14, have shown impressive inhibitory activities against human acetyleholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) ex vivo. C1 NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Greig, NH (reprint author), NIA, Drug Design & Dev Sect, Neurosci Lab, Intramural Res Program,NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM greign@grc.nia.nih.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 70 IS 16 BP 6171 EP 6176 DI 10.1021/jo0503052 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 951DK UT WOS:000230909100005 PM 16050674 ER PT J AU Norton, G Novarini, J AF Norton, G Novarini, J TI Time domain modeling of pulse propagation in non-isotropic dispersive media SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Wave Phenomena CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL Athens, GA SP IMACS DE time domain; dispersion; finite difference ID ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; FREQUENCY POWER-LAW; WAVE-PROPAGATION; COMPLEMENTARY OPERATORS; EQUATIONS AB Acoustic pulse propagation requires the inclusion of attenuation and its causal companion, dispersion when propagation is through a non-ideal fluid medium. For acoustic propagation in a linear medium, Szabo [T.L. Szabo, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 96 (1994) 491-500] introduced the concept of a convolutional propagation operator that plays the role of a casual propagation factor in the time domain. The resulting modified wave equation is solved via the method of finite differences. One aspect of the acoustic field that is of interest to researchers is the monostatic-backscattered field. This field which by definition is small compared to the forward-propagated field is challenging to isolate. Since the numerical grid is of finite size, the received signal has the possibility of being contaminated with spurious reflections coming from the walls of the computational grid even if absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) are imposed. Therefore, a robust highly accurate absorbing boundary condition is developed. In addition, the finite difference description of the modified wave equation is developed having fourth-order accuracy in both time and space. (c) 2005 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stennis Space Ctr Detachment, Naval Res Lab, SSC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. RP Stennis Space Ctr Detachment, Naval Res Lab, SSC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM guy.norton@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 EI 1872-7166 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5-6 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2005.03.011 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 959GN UT WOS:000231506300006 ER PT J AU Wang, DW Mitchell, DA Teague, WJ Jarosz, E Hulbert, MS AF Wang, DW Mitchell, DA Teague, WJ Jarosz, E Hulbert, MS TI Extreme waves under Hurricane Ivan SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM dwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 6 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 5 PY 2005 VL 309 IS 5736 BP 896 EP 896 DI 10.1126/science.1112509 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 953SS UT WOS:000231101400035 PM 16081728 ER PT J AU Warns-Varnas, AC Chin-Bing, SA King, DB Hawkins, JA Lamb, KG Teixeira, M AF Warns-Varnas, AC Chin-Bing, SA King, DB Hawkins, JA Lamb, KG Teixeira, M TI Yellow Sea ocean-acoustic solitary wave modeling studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVES; CHINA SEAS; SOLITONS; GENERATION; SAR AB This study is in an area south of the Shandong peninsula, near the region where Zhou et al. (1991) observed anomalous drops in acoustical intensity. Solitary wave generation and propagation simulations are performed using the Lamb (1994) nonhydrostatic model. The model simulations show that, for summer conditions, the existing semi-diurnal tidal flow over the topographic variations formed internal bores and solitary waves. For the Shandong area, we analyzed summer observations from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) that tracked solitary wave trains from their surface roughness signatures. The images contained seven events consisting of internal bores and solitary waves that traveled in a well-defined direction for 2.5 days. The origin of the trains appeared at a well-defined point along a steep topographic drop. The SAR observations guided and tuned the model simulations, by comparing spectra of observed and modeled wavelengths. The tuned model yields wavelengths within factors of 2, or less, of those derived from SAR data. Wavelength and amplitude dispersion analysis showed two dispersion regimes. Modeled phase speeds were at the lower limit of phase speeds deduced from SAR data, from about 0.8 to 1.0 m/s. Acoustical intensity calculations in the presence of solitary wave trains will be undertaken in a subsequent paper using a parabolic equation acoustical model along the path of solitary wave train propagation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Slidell, LA 70458 USA. Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Polytech Univ Puerto Rico, Hato Rey, PR 00919 USA. RP Warns-Varnas, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM varnas@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 4 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C8 AR C08001 DI 10.1029/2004JC002801 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 954GQ UT WOS:000231142500002 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Spintronics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; SPIN-INJECTION; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THERMOMAGNETOELECTRIC SYSTEM; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; TRANSPORT; INTERFACE; FILMS AB Thin ferromagnetic films can be lithographically patterned and incorporated into magnetoelectronic devices that have applications in digital electronics. Their bistable magnetization states are adaptive to application as memory cells in nonvolatile, magnetic random access memories (MRAM). Prototype MRAM chips are characterized by rapid, low energy switching and excellent durability. This novel approach to integrated memory is expected to have immediate impact in the niche market of high performance, embedded memory. Research in the field is confronting several issues associated with the reproducibility of device behavior and scaling device structures to the nanometer dimensions of competing silicon devices. If successful solutions are found, the technology could challenge large segments of the semiconductor memory market. Another research effort is aimed at the development of a spintronic device with power gain. Such a device would enable new kinds of logic architectures, as well as novel on-chip combinations of memory and logic. Our studies investigate the dynamics of high-speed magnetization switching processes. We are also studying charge and spin transport in high mobility semiconductor heterostructures, with the ultimate goal of creating a spin-injected field effect transistor. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 57 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 4 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 30 BP 14278 EP 14291 DI 10.1021/jp0580470 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 950YY UT WOS:000230896500007 PM 16852795 ER PT J AU Lagugne-Labarthet, F An, YQ Yu, T Shen, YR Dalcanale, E Shenoy, DK AF Lagugne-Labarthet, F An, YQ Yu, T Shen, YR Dalcanale, E Shenoy, DK TI Proton driven vase-to-kite conformational change in cavitands at an air-water interface monitored by surface SHG SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-FOLDING CAVITANDS; PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; MONOLAYERS; RECEPTORS; FILM AB The conformational changes of quinoxaline-bridged cavitands deposited as Langmuir films were monitored at different pH values of the subphase using surface second harmonic generation during the compression of the monolayer at the water surface. A quantitative analysis of the susceptibility tensor elements was performed for methylene (MeCav)- and quinoxaline (QxCav)-bridged cavitands for pH values varying between 5.7 and 0.1. For MeCav (reference compound), no significant changes were observed for different pHs, confirming that the cavity does not undergo protonation or a drastic conformational change. For the QxCav, however, the results suggest a partial opening of the cavity on the basis of analysis of the compression curves. C1 Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy. INSTM, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, Viale Sci 17-A, I-43100 Parma, Italy. EM dshenoy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Dalcanale, Enrico/A-6352-2012; An, Yong/N-7479-2013; OI Dalcanale, Enrico/0000-0001-6964-788X NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 2 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 16 BP 7066 EP 7070 DI 10.1021/la050821n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 950EE UT WOS:000230839600002 PM 16042423 ER PT J AU Parrish, DA Thatcher, LN Wu, HF Coop, A Deschamps, JR AF Parrish, DA Thatcher, LN Wu, HF Coop, A Deschamps, JR TI (9R, 13R, 14R)-7-(E)-benzylidene-14-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The chiral title compound, C29H33NO4, crystallized from methanol. The absolute configuration was assigned by reference to an unchanging chiral center in the synthetic procedure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM deschamps@nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2005 VL 61 BP O2617 EP O2618 DI 10.1107/S1600536805019987 PN 8 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 951QL UT WOS:000230945400223 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, EA Liu, TQ Lynch, CS AF McLaughlin, EA Liu, TQ Lynch, CS TI Relaxor ferroelectric PMN-32%PT crystals under stress, electric field and temperature loading: II-33-mode measurements SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE relaxor single crystal; ferroelectric; piezoelectric ID PMN-PT CRYSTAL; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION ROTATION; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3/9-PERCENT-PBTIO3; PERFORMANCE AB Paper I [1] reported a phase transition driven by combinations of stress and electric field in < 110 > oriented PMN-32%PT single crystals. In this paper, evidence of multiple phase transitions is reported for < 001 > oriented PMN-32%PT single crystals under combinations of stress, electric field, and temperature loading. The results indicate that the driving force for the transformations decreases with increasing temperature. Material properties for different phases under excursions of electric field and stress are reported. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Lynch, CS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Dept Mech Engn, 801 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM lynch.admin@me.gatech.edu RI Lynch, Christopher/A-9886-2013 OI Lynch, Christopher/0000-0001-9989-7097 NR 25 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 53 IS 14 BP 4001 EP 4008 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.002 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 954US UT WOS:000231181100021 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Brandow, SL Schull, TL Chrisey, DB Dressick, WJ AF Chen, MS Brandow, SL Schull, TL Chrisey, DB Dressick, WJ TI A non-covalent approach for depositing spatially selective materials on surfaces SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; THIN-FILM; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; PATTERN TRANSFER; IMAGING LAYERS AB We describe a new method for depositing patterned materials, based on non-covalent trapping of ligands in solvent-templated nanocavities created in aromatic, self-assembled monolayer or polymer films. A model has been developed and tested to describe nanocavity formation and the ligand adsorption process, which occurs via ligand exclusion from ambient, aqueous solution into the hydrophobic nanocavities. Ligand adsorption rates and ligand adsorbate reactivity with solution species are governed by ligand size/geometry design factors identified using the model. Spatial control of adsorption is achieved via film photochemical changes that inhibit subsequent ligand adsorption/accessibility (UV or X-ray) or displacement of entrapped ligands (50 keV electron-beam) during film patterning. The reactivity of the adsorbed ligand is illustrated by the selective binding of Pd-II species that catalyze electroless metal deposition. Fabrication of high-resolution (approximate to 50 nm), positive-tone patterns in nickel with acceptable feature-edge acuity and critical dimension control (approximate to 5 %) is demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Code 6360, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wjd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 92 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1364 EP 1375 DI 10.1002/adfm.200400615 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 956SG UT WOS:000231319500019 ER PT J AU Jones, KD Bradshaw, CJ Papadopoulos, J Platzer, MF AF Jones, KD Bradshaw, CJ Papadopoulos, J Platzer, MF TI Bio-inspired design of flapping-wing micro air vehicles SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In this paper the development and flight testing of flapping-wing propelled, radio-controlled micro air vehicles are described. The unconventional vehicles consist of a low aspect ratio fixed-wing with a trailing pair of higher aspect ratio flapping wings which flap in counterphase. The symmetric flapping-wing pair provides a mechanically and aerodynamically balanced platform, increases efficiency by emulating flight in ground effect, and suppresses stall over the main wing by entraining flow. The models weigh as little as I I g, with a 23cm span and 18cm length and will fly for about 20 minutes on a rechargeable battery. Stable flight at speeds between 2 and 5ms(-1) has been demonstrated, and the models are essentially stall-proof while under power. The static-thrust figure of merit for the device is 60% higher than propellers with a similar scale and disk loading. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Jones, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RI Tay, Wee Beng/B-1095-2010 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 9 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 109 IS 1098 BP 385 EP 393 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 966HH UT WOS:000232010200003 ER PT J AU Fugaro, OJ Fugaro, JO Matis, B Gregory, RL Cochran, MA Mjor, I AF Fugaro, OJ Fugaro, JO Matis, B Gregory, RL Cochran, MA Mjor, I TI The dental pulp: Inflammatory markers and vital bleaching SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE-P; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AGENTS; PENETRATION; CHAMBER; CGRP AB Purpose: To evaluate the expression of specific neuropeptides associated with inflammation, substance-P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), after night guard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel. Methods: 10 patients with four caries free premolars scheduled for orthodontic extraction had these teeth bleached with 10% Opalescence as follows: tooth #28, no treatment (control); #5, 4 days of bleaching; #12, 2 weeks of bleaching; #21, 2 weeks of bleaching, followed by 2 weeks without treatment. All teeth in the four groups were extracted at the same time. Immediately after extraction the teeth were frozen at -197 degrees C in liquid nitrogen. The pulp samples were prepared for enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the concentrations of the SP, CGRP and total protein in the pulp tissue. Results: The analysis of mean SP and mean CGRP/ng protein/ml resulted in no significant differences among the four groups. It was concluded that the study did not demonstrate an increase in the release of SP and/or CGRP during night guard vital bleaching of teeth with 10% Opalescence. C1 USN, San Mateo Branch Clin, Camp Pendelton, CA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Indianapolis, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Matis, B (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Operat Dent, 1121 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM bmatis@iupui.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI WESTON PA 318 INDIAN TRACE #500, WESTON, FL 33326 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 022VM UT WOS:000236084200003 PM 16296427 ER PT J AU Carney, JR Mologne, TS Muldoon, M Cox, JS AF Carney, JR Mologne, TS Muldoon, M Cox, JS TI Long-term evaluation of the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure for patellar instability - A 26-year follow-up SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Orthopaedic-Society-for-Sports-Medicine (AOSSM) CY JUN, 2004 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Amer Orthopaed Soc Sports Med DE Roux-Eimslie-Trillat; patellofemoral; instability; patella ID ACUTE DISLOCATION; REALIGNMENT AB Background: Few published articles exist reporting the long-term evaluation of the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure. Purpose: To assess the long-term effect of the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure in preventing recurrent subluxation and dislocation of the patella. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Eighteen patients who underwent the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure for dislocation or subluxation of the patella were identified from a group previously evaluated at a mean follow-up of 3 years. The prevalence of recurrent subluxation or dislocation at a mean follow-up of 26 years was compared with the prevalence reported at the mean follow-up of 3 years. Although not the focus of this study, Cox functional scores were obtained from the smaller group and compared with the results at the 3-year follow-up. Results: Seven percent (95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.32) of the patients had recurrent subluxation at 26 years compared with 7% (95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.13) of the study population reported at 3 years (P = 1.00). Fifty-four percent (95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.79) rated their affected knee as good or excellent at 26 years compared with 73% (95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.81) of the larger study population reported at 3 years (P = .14). Conclusion: The prevalence of recurrent subluxation and dislocation in patients with patellofemoral malalignment who underwent the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure for dislocation or subluxation of the patella is similar at 3 and 26 years after the procedure. The long-term functional status of the affected knee in patients who underwent the Roux-Eimslie-Trillat procedure declined. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Sharp Healthcare, San Diego, CA USA. RP Carney, JR (reprint author), 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM jrcarney@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1220 EP 1223 DI 10.1177/0363546504272686 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 949KK UT WOS:000230784800014 PM 16000665 ER PT J AU Potikasikorn, J Chareonviriyaphap, T Bangs, MJ Prabaripai, A AF Potikasikorn, J Chareonviriyaphap, T Bangs, MJ Prabaripai, A TI Behavioral responses to DDT and pyrethroids between Anopheles minimus species A and C, malaria vectors in Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EXCITO-REPELLENCY; THEOBALD DIPTERA; DISEASE-CONTROL; CULICIDAE; DELTAMETHRIN; IDENTIFICATION; AVOIDANCE; IRRITANCY; COMPLEX AB Behavioral responses of two field populations of Anopheles minimus complex species A and C for contact and non-contact actions of chemicals were compared during and after exposure to operational field concentrations of DDT (2 g/m(2)), deltamethrin (0.02 g/m(2)), and lambda-cyhalothrin (0.03 g/m(2)) using an excito-repellency escape chamber. The two populations were collected from the Mae Sot District in Tak Province (species A) and the Tri Yok District in Kanchanaburi Province (species C) in western Thailand. Female mosquitoes of both populations rapidly escaped from chambers after direct contact with DDT, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin. The non-contact repellency response to DDT and the two synthetic pyrethroids was pronounced with An. minimus species A; however, non-contact repellency was relatively weak with An. minimus species C, but remained significantly greater than the paired controls (P < 0.05). We conclude that strong contact irritancy was present in both test populations, whereas non-contact repellency also played a significant role in the escape response of An. minimus species A. C1 Kasetsart Univ, Dept Entomol, Fac Agr, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Fac Liberal Arts & Sci, Div Comp & Biostat, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. RP Chareonviriyaphap, T (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Dept Entomol, Fac Agr, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. EM faasthc@ku.ac.th RI Chareonviriyaphap, Teeraphap /B-9632-2009 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 956BA UT WOS:000231272700023 PM 16103601 ER PT J AU Afifi, S Earhart, K Azab, MA Youssef, FG El Sakka, H Wasfy, M Mansour, H El Oun, S Rakha, M Mahoney, F AF Afifi, S Earhart, K Azab, MA Youssef, FG El Sakka, H Wasfy, M Mansour, H El Oun, S Rakha, M Mahoney, F TI Hospital-based surveillance for acute febrile illness in Egypt: A focus on community-acquired bloodstream infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TYPHOID-FEVER; WIDAL TEST; HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS; ENDEMIC AREA; BONE-MARROW; DIAGNOSIS; TESTS AB Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a common syndrome in Egypt. However its etiologies are not well characterized. To determine the relative frequency of pathogen etiologies and possibly improve diagnostic, clinical management and public health measures, we implemented laboratory-based surveillance in a network of infectious disease hospitals throughout Egypt. Admitted patients with AFI provided background details and a blood sample for bacterial culture and serologic analysis. Case definitions were based on laboratory results. Of 10,130 patients evaluated between 1999 and 2003, 5% were culture positive for Salmonella enterica serogroup Typhi, 3% for Brucella, and 2% for other pathogens. An additional 18% of patients had positive serologic results for typhoid and 11% for brucellosis. Risk factor analysis identified availability of municipal water to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with protection against typhoid. Animal contact and consumption of raw dairy products were significantly associated with brucellosis. The surveillance network identified typhoid fever and brucellosis as the most common bacterial causes of AFI in Egypt, allowed better description of their epidemiology, and may lead to the development of targeted prevention strategies. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Publicat Div, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Afifi, S (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Publicat Div, Code 101F,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM afifisalma@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 2 BP 392 EP 399 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 956BA UT WOS:000231272700033 PM 16103611 ER PT J AU Howard, R Bach, K AF Howard, R Bach, K TI Prolonged postoperative disorientation after methylene blue infusion during parathyroidectomy - Reply SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Howard, R (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM rhoward@ucsd.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 101 IS 2 BP 609 EP 609 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 948TR UT WOS:000230739100060 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Thermoelectric-generator with linear phenomenological heat-transfer law SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE linear phenomenological heat-transfer law; thermoelectrical generators; performance analysis ID CARNOT ENGINE; FINITE-TIME; POWER; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; THERMODYNAMICS; AVAILABILITY; MINIMIZATION; DEVICES AB The performance of multi-element thermoelectric-generators, assuming heat-transfer irreversibilities which obey the linear phenomenological heat-transfer law Q proportional to (Delta T-1), is studied in this paper by combining finite-time thermodynamics with non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The performance characteristics of the output power, efficiency and working electrical-current are described by numerical examples. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.011 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300002 ER PT J AU Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Frequency-dependent performance of an endoreversible Carnot engine with a linear phenomenological heat-transfer law SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; heat engine; cycle frequency; heat-transfer law ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; EFFICIENCY; POWER; THERMODYNAMICS; CYCLE AB On the basis of an endoreversible Carnot heat-engine model, the frequency-dependent performance of the engine is analyzed when the heat transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs obey a linear phenomenological heat-transfer law, i.e., Q proportional to (Delta T-1). The relations among average power-output, efficiency, available temperature-drop, cycle frequency and ratio of the heat-transfer times are derived. They are different from those obtained with Newton's law. The results can provide guidance for selecting the appropriate working points of heat engines. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.010 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300003 ER PT J AU Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimal performance of a generalized irreversible Carnot-engine SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE entropy-generation minimization; heat engine; performance optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; HEAT-TRANSFER LAW; THERMODYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION; POWER; EFFICIENCY AB This paper presents a generalized irreversible Carnot-engine model that incorporates several internal and external irreversibilities, such as heat-resistance, bypass heat-leak, friction and turbulence. The added irreversibilities besides heat-resistance are characterized by a constant parameter and a constant coefficient. The relation between optimal power-output and efficiency is derived based on a generalized heat-transfer law q proportional to (Delta T)(n). Detailed numerical examples show the effect of bypass heat-leakage, internal irreversibility and heat-transfer law on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible heat-engine. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Zhou, SB (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 376 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.009 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300004 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Thermo-economics for endoreversible heat-engines SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE endoreversible thermodynamics; endoreversible thermo-economics; linear phenomenological heat-transfer law; optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME; ENERGY-SYSTEMS; POWER; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; LAW AB The thermoeconomics of endoreversible heat engines has been studied based on the linear phenomenological heat-transfer law [i.e., the heat flux Q proportional to Delta(1/T), where T is the absolute temperature]. Analytical formulae for profit, the maximum profit and the corresponding efficiency are derived. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 388 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.008 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300005 ER PT J AU Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Reciprocating heat-engine cycles SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; reciprocating heat-engine cycles; performance optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; DUAL-CYCLE; EFFICIENCY CHARACTERISTICS; POWER-DENSITY; OPTIMAL PATHS; OTTO CYCLE; PERFORMANCE; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS AB The performance of a generalized irreversible reciprocating heat-engine cycle model consisting of two heating branches, two cooling branches and two adiabatic branches with heat-transfer loss and friction-like term loss was analyzed using finite-time thermodynamics. The relations between the power output and the compression ratio, between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio, as well as the optimal relation between the power output and the efficiency of the cycle are derived. Moreover, analysis and optimization of the model were carried out in order to investigate the effect of the cycle process on the performances of the cycles using numerical examples. The results obtained herein include the performance characteristics of irreversible reciprocating Diesel, Otto, Atkinson, Brayton, Dual and Miller cycles. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 397 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.007 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300006 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Luo, J Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Luo, J Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimized efficiency axial-flow compressor SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE axial-flow compressor stage; efficiency; analytical relation; optimization ID DESIGN AB A preliminary design efficiency-optimization of an axial-flow compressor, using one-dimensional flow theory, is studied in this paper. A model for the optimum design of a compressor stage, assuming a fixed distribution of axial velocities, is presented. The absolute inlet and exit angles of the rotor are taken as design variables. Analytical relations between the isentropic efficiency and the flow coefficient, the work coefficient, the flow angles and the degree of reaction of the compressor stage are obtained. The results are universal and can be extended to the optimal design of a multi-stage compressor. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effects of various parameters on the optimal performance of the compressor stage. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.006 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300007 ER PT J AU Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Thermo-economic optimization of an endoreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption-refrigerator SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE absorption-refrigeration-cycle; finite-time thermodynamics; thermo-economic performance; optimization ID OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; COOLING LOAD; HEAT-PUMPS; THERMODYNAMICS; SYSTEM; CYCLE AB Based on an endoreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption-refrigeration-cycle model, the optimal thermo-economic performance of an absorption-refrigerator is analyzed and optimized assuming a linear (Newtonian) heat-transfer law applies. The optimal relation between the thermo-economic criterion and the coefficient of performance (COP), the maximum thermo-economic criterion, and the COP and specific cooling load for the maximum thermo-economic criterion of the cycle are derived using finite-time thermodynamics. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the thermo-economic performance of the cycle are studied by numerical examples. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 420 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.005 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300008 ER PT J AU Sun, FR Qin, XY Chen, LG Wu, C AF Sun, FR Qin, XY Chen, LG Wu, C TI Optimization between heating load and entropy-production rate for endoreversible absorption heat-transformers SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE four-heat-reservoir absorption heat-transformer; ecological criterion; COP; heating load; entropy-production rate ID ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; GENERATION MINIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS; CRITERION; ENGINES; PUMP AB For an endoreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption heat-transformer cycle, for which a linear (Newtonian) heat-transfer law applies, an ecological optimization criterion is proposed for the best mode of operation of the cycle. This involves maximizing a function representing the compromise between the heating load and the entropy-production rate. The optimal relation between the ecological criterion and the COP (coefficient of performance), the maximum ecological criterion and the corresponding COP, heating load and entropy production rate, as well as the ecological criterion and entropy-production rate at the maximum heating load are derived using finite-time thermodynamics. Moreover, compared with the heating-load criterion, the effects of the cycle parameters on the ecological performance are studied by numerical examples. These show that achieving the maximum ecological criterion makes the entropy-production rate decrease by 77.0% and the COP increase by 55.4% with only 27.3% heating-load losses compared with the maximum heating-load objective. The results reflect that the ecological criterion has long-term significance for optimal design of absorption heat-transformers. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 434 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.003 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300009 ER PT J AU Tan, MQ Chen, LG Jin, JS Sun, FR Wu, C AF Tan, MQ Chen, LG Jin, JS Sun, FR Wu, C TI Bond-graph-based fault-diagnosis for a marine condensate-booster-feedwater system SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fault diagnosis; bond-graph; temporal causal graph; simulation AB A temporal causal graph is built in order to describe the system's transient behavior. The results can be used to detect faults by monitoring the system's operation parameters. The system's simulation model is based on Simulink of Matlab, and the simulation results show that those obtained by the temporal causal graph are validated. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com OI Wu, Chih-Hang/0000-0001-9929-4421 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 4 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.09.002 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 935XS UT WOS:000229817300010 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Keller, TM Little, CA Lubitz, P AF Qadri, SB Keller, TM Little, CA Lubitz, P TI Structural and magnetic properties of nano-crystalline FePd alloys prepared by organo-metallic synthesis SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; FERROMAGNETS; RESONANCE AB Nanoparticles of FePd were synthesized using organo-metallic precursors. The crystallite sizes varied between 5 nm and 10 nm. Their magnetic and structural properties were investigated. Both cubic and tetragonal phases for FePd alloys were observed depending on the processing of the precursors. The magnetic moment per atom of the FePd alloy is about 1.5 mu(B). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 3 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-2772-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 967UG UT WOS:000232116100027 ER PT J AU Simonson, J Qadri, SB Rao, MV Fischer, R Grun, J Ridgway, MC AF Simonson, J Qadri, SB Rao, MV Fischer, R Grun, J Ridgway, MC TI Athermal annealing of Mg-implanted GaAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID SILICON; INP AB High-resolution X-ray diffraction scans and electrical resistivity measurements were performed on Mg-implanted GaAs exposed to laser shock annealing on both the implanted and the unimplanted surfaces of the wafer. Measurements on the sample that was subjected to a laser pulse exposure on the implanted side indicate that annealing had occurred within 3 mm of the center of the laser-exposed spot. X-ray scans and the topographs indicate the propagation of a mechanical wave propagating in the radial direction from the laser-exposed spot. No evidence of annealing, however, was observed at any position on the Mg-implanted GaAs sample that was subjected to a laser pulse exposure on the unimplanted side. The Mg implant did not show any redistribution for the laser-shocked annealing, in contrast to the conventional rapid thermal annealing. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 81 IS 3 BP 601 EP 605 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-2995-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 967UG UT WOS:000232116100029 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Hall, PB Richards, GT Vanden Berk, DE Anderson, DF Fan, XH Jester, S Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Brandt, WN Gunn, JE Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Barentine, JC Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Doi, M Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gray, J Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Munn, JA Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nitta, A Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, DJ Snedden, SA Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A Voges, W York, DG AF Schneider, DP Hall, PB Richards, GT Vanden Berk, DE Anderson, DF Fan, XH Jester, S Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Brandt, WN Gunn, JE Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Barentine, JC Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Doi, M Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gray, J Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Munn, JA Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nitta, A Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, DJ Snedden, SA Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A Voges, W York, DG TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar catalog. III. Third data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; 1ST DATA RELEASE; ROSAT ALL-SKY; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; STELLAR OBJECTS; GALAXY SAMPLE AB We present the third edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog. The catalog consists of the 46,420 objects in the SDSS Third Data Release that have luminosities larger than M(i) = -22 ( in a cosmology with H(0) = 70 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega(M) 0.3, and Omega(Lambda) = 0.7), have at least one emission line with FWHM larger than 1000 km s(-1) or are unambiguously broad absorption line quasars, are fainter than i 15: 0, and have highly reliable redshifts. The area covered by the catalog is approximate to 4188 deg(2). The quasar redshifts range from 0.08 to 5.41, with a median value of 1.47; the high-redshift sample includes 520 quasars at redshifts greater than 4, of which 17 are at redshifts greater than 5. For each object the catalog presents positions accurate to better than 0.'' 2 rms per coordinate, five-band (ugriz) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag, and information on the morphology and selection method. The catalog also contains radio, near-infrared, and X-ray emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. The calibrated digital spectra cover the wavelength region 3800-9200 angstrom at a spectral resolution of similar or equal to 2000; the spectra can be retrieved from the public database using the information provided in the catalog. A total of 44,221 objects in the catalog were discovered by the SDSS; 28,400 of the SDSS discoveries are reported here for the first time. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Sch Sci, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dps@astro.psu.edu RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Brandt, William/N-2844-2015; OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 66 TC 221 Z9 221 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 367 EP 380 DI 10.1086/431156 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 948NC UT WOS:000230721600002 ER PT J AU Brogan, CL Zauderer, BA Lazio, TJ Goss, WM DePree, CG Faison, MD AF Brogan, CL Zauderer, BA Lazio, TJ Goss, WM DePree, CG Faison, MD TI Spatial and temporal variations in small-scale Galactic HI structure toward 3C 138 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : general; ISM : structure; radio lines : ISM; techniques : interferometric ID ABSORPTION-LINE SURVEY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; POWER SPECTRUM; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; VELOCITY MODIFICATION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; AU SCALES; DENSITY; GALAXY AB Several recent studies of Galactic H I absorption toward background quasars and pulsars have provided evidence that there are opacity changes in the neutral Galactic interstellar medium on size scales as small as a few AU. The nature of these opacity variations has remained a matter of debate but could reflect a variety of physical processes, including changes in the H I spin temperature or gas density. We present three epochs of Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of Galactic H I absorption toward the quasar 3C 138 with resolutions of 20 mas (similar to 10 AU). This analysis includes VLBA data from observations in 1999 and 2002 along with a reexamination of the 1995 VLBA data, reported by Faison and coworkers. Improved data reduction and imaging techniques have led to an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared to previous work. With these new data we confirm the previously detected milliarcsecond-scale spatial variations in the H I opacity at the level of Delta tau(max) = 0.50 +/- 0.05. The typical size scale of the optical depth variations is similar to 50 mas or 25 AU. In addition, for the first time we see clear evidence for temporal variations in the H I opacity over the 7 yr time span of our three epochs of data. We also attempt to detect the magnetic field strength in the H I gas using the Zeeman effect. From this analysis we have been able to place a 3 sigma upper limit on the magnetic field strength per pixel of similar to 45 mu G. We have also been able to calculate for the first time the plane-of-sky covering fraction of the small-scale H I gas of similar to 10%. This small covering fraction suggests that the filling factor of such gas is quite low, in agreement with recent optical observations. We also find that the linewidths of the milliarcsecond- scale H I features are comparable to those determined from previous single-dish measurements toward 3C 138, suggesting that the opacity variations cannot be due to changes in the H I spin temperature. From these results we favor a density enhancement interpretation for the small-scale H I structures, although these enhancements appear to be of short duration and are unlikely to be in equilibrium. C1 Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Agnes Scott Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Reed Coll, Dept Phys, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Brogan, CL (reprint author), Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 698 EP 710 DI 10.1086/431736 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 948NC UT WOS:000230721600025 ER PT J AU Ugarte-Urra, I Doyle, JG Walsh, RW Madjarska, MS AF Ugarte-Urra, I Doyle, JG Walsh, RW Madjarska, MS TI Electron density along a coronal loop observed with CDS/SOHO SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; plasmas; hydrodynamics ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; SOLAR CORONA; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS; HEATING MECHANISM; CHIANTI; TRACE; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE AB The analysis of a coronal loop observed by CDS and EIT on board SOHO is presented. The loop was situated above the North-East limb at a latitude of similar to 48 degrees, being clearly visible in the hottest lines of the dataset, Fe XVI 360.76 angstrom, i. e. greater than 2 000 000 K. The cooler lines in the sample (i.e. O v 629.73 angstrom and He I 584.35 angstrom) showed only a brightening at the footpoints location. Based on the Fe XVI 353.84/334.17 line ratio, the electron density along the loop was determined following three different approaches for the background subtraction. No differences, within the error bars, can be found between the three methods. At the apex, the density is 0.9 x 10(9) cm(-3), while at the footpoint it is 50% greater, i. e. 1.4 x 10(9) cm(-3). The inferred filling factor values along the loop, at the formation temperature of the lines, are in the range 0.2-0.9. One dimensional hydrodynamic modelling of the loop along a given field line, gravity neglected, was performed. A minimum chi(2) analysis results in a best fit case where the total energy input is directed preferentially to the loop footpoint (the heating rate is three times larger at the base than at the apex). An isochoric solution can not be ruled out completely. The exercise illustrates the necessity of accurate spectral diagnostics in order to derive definite conclusions from theoretical models and suggests the need for simultaneous density and temperature diagnostics. C1 Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Observ Royal Belgique, Dept Solar Phys, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. RP Ugarte-Urra, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 439 IS 1 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20042560 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 948LY UT WOS:000230718500032 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, K Schuhle, U Curdt, W Hilchenbach, M Marsch, E Lemaire, P Bertaux, JL Jordan, SD Feldman, U AF Wilhelm, K Schuhle, U Curdt, W Hilchenbach, M Marsch, E Lemaire, P Bertaux, JL Jordan, SD Feldman, U TI On the nature of the unidentified solar emission near 117 nm SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : UV radiation; atomic processes; radiation mechanisms : non-thermal ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SUN; TRANSITION REGION; HELIUM LINES; PARAMETRIC FREQUENCY; CONTINUUM EMISSION; EMITTED RADIATION; NEUTRAL HELIUM; 2-PHOTON DECAY; PHOTON PAIRS; QUIET SUN AB Spectral observations of the Sun in the vacuum-ultraviolet wavelength range by SUMER on SOHO led to the discovery of unusual emission features - called humps here - at 116.70 nm and 117.05 nm on either side of the He. 58.43 nm line. This resonance line is seen in the second order of diffraction, whereas the humps are recorded in the first order with the SUMER spectrometer. In its spectra both orders are superimposed. Two less pronounced humps can be detected at 117.27 nm and near 117.85 nm. After rejecting various possibilities of an instrumental cause of the humps, they are studied in different solar regions. Most of the measurements, in particular those related to the limb-brightening characteristics, indicate that the humps are not part of the background continuum. An assembly of spectrally-unresolved atomic or ionic emission lines might be contributing to the hump at 117.05 nm, but no such lines are known near 116.7 nm. It is concluded that we detect genuine radiation, the generation of which is not understood. A two-photon emission process, parametric frequency down conversion, and molecular emissions are briefly considered as causes of the humps, but a final conclusion could not be reached. C1 Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforsch, D-37191 Lindau, Germany. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Unite Mixte, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilhelm, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforsch, D-37191 Lindau, Germany. EM wilhelm@mps.mpg.de NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 439 IS 2 BP 701 EP 711 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20042580 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 950UP UT WOS:000230883900037 ER PT J AU Patsourakos, S Klimchuk, JA AF Patsourakos, S Klimchuk, JA TI Coronal loop heating by nanoflares: The impact of the field-aligned distribution of the heating on loop observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; SOLAR CORONA; ENERGY-RELEASE; TRACE; CONSTRAINTS; EXPLANATION; DIAGNOSTICS; INSTABILITY; EXPLORER; MODELS AB Nanoflares occurring at subresolution strands with repetition times longer than the coronal cooling time are a promising candidate for coronal loop heating. To investigate the impact of the spatial distribution of the nanoflare heating on loop observables, we compute hydrodynamic simulations with several different spatial distributions ( uniform, loop top, randomly localized, and footpoint). The outputs of the simulations are then used to calculate density and temperature diagnostics from synthetic TRACE and SXT observations. We find that the diagnostics depend only weakly on the spatial distribution of the heating and therefore are not especially useful for distinguishing among the different possibilities. Observations of the very high temperature plasmas that are present only in the earliest stages of nanoflares can shed more light on the field-aligned distribution of the heating. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Patsourakos, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM patsourakos@nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 2 BP 1023 EP 1030 DI 10.1086/430662 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 949VX UT WOS:000230817300043 ER PT J AU DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK AF DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK TI Magnetic free energies of breakout coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID FIELDS; MODEL; INITIATION; EVOLUTION; ERUPTION; MOTION; FLARES AB A critical issue in understanding and eventually predicting coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is determining the magnetic free energy that can drive the explosive eruption. We present calculations of this free energy for the breakout CME model, which postulates that the preeruption magnetic topology is a multipolar field with a null point in the corona. Using analytical and numerical methods, we determine the free energies for two broad families of photospheric flux distributions, parameterized by the radius of the coronal null and the degree to which flux is concentrated near the poles and equator. The available CME energy attains a broad maximum for distributions whose potential null resides between about 1.25 and 1.75 solar radii, and falls off toward zero as the null approaches the surface or moves out to infinity. These results may explain the wide range of energies observed for CMEs and their associated flares. We find that concentrating the surface flux to narrower latitude bands near the poles and equator, on the other hand, has little effect on the available energy. Our mathematical approach currently is restricted to spherically axisymmetric systems. Its generalization to fully three-dimensional fields might provide the foundation of a first-principles forecasting technique for solar eruptions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeVore, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM devore@lcp.nrl.navy.mil RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1045 DI 10.1086/431141 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 949VX UT WOS:000230817300044 ER PT J AU Krall, J Chen, J AF Krall, J Chen, J TI Density structure of a preeruption coronal flux rope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID MASS EJECTION; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; MODEL; LASCO; PHOTOSPHERE; STREAMER; SUN; EIT AB A density model is developed for a coronal flux rope with a specified magnetic field configuration in the non-interacting limit, for which transverse pressure forces can be neglected and flows are rapid enough (> 1 km s(-1)) to invalidate a hydrostatic solution. In the coronal portion of the flux rope, we find that the plasma density is depleted on-axis, where the magnetic field lines are least twisted. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 2 BP 1046 EP 1055 DI 10.1086/430810 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 949VX UT WOS:000230817300045 ER PT J AU Kilgard, RE Cowan, JJ Garcia, MR Kaaret, P Krauss, MI McDowell, JC Prestwich, AH Primini, FA Stockdale, CJ Trinchieri, G Ward, MJ Zezas, A AF Kilgard, RE Cowan, JJ Garcia, MR Kaaret, P Krauss, MI McDowell, JC Prestwich, AH Primini, FA Stockdale, CJ Trinchieri, G Ward, MJ Zezas, A TI A Chandra survey of nearby spiral galaxies. I. Point source catalogs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : spiral; surveys; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY SOURCES; STAR-FORMATION; STARBURST; EMISSION; DISTANCE; M101; M83; NGC-4314; 1999GI; SOUTH AB Emission from discrete point sources dominates the X-ray luminosity in spiral galaxies. We present results from a survey of 11 nearby, nearly face-on spiral galaxies with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. These galaxies span the Hubble sequence for spirals, allowing insights into the X-ray source population of many diverse systems. In this paper, we present source lists for the 11 galaxies along with fluxes, luminosities, X-ray colors, and variability properties. We briefly discuss X-ray luminosity functions and how they relate to star formation of the host galaxies. We also discuss source colors and variability and what these can tell us about the composition of the X-ray source population. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brera Astron Observ, I-20121 Milan, Italy. RP Kilgard, RE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Trinchieri, Ginevra/0000-0002-0227-502X; Primini, Francis/0000-0002-6077-0643 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 159 IS 2 BP 214 EP 241 DI 10.1086/430443 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 949VV UT WOS:000230817100002 ER PT J AU Gelfand, JD Lazio, TJW Gaensler, BM AF Gelfand, JD Lazio, TJW Gaensler, BM TI A wide-field, low-frequency radio image of the field of M31. II. Source classification and discussion SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : individual (M31); radio continuum : galaxies; radio continuum : general ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT CANDIDATES; EXTREME SCATTERING EVENTS; COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; RAY POINT SOURCES; VLA SKY SURVEY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; SOURCE CATALOG; FLUX-DENSITY; MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS AB We have previously presented the results of a 325 MHz radio survey of M31, conducted with the A configuration of the Very Large Array. In this survey, a total of 405 radio sources between less than or similar to 6 '' and 170 '' in extent were mapped with a resolution of 6 '' and a sensitivity of similar to 0.6 mJy beam(-1). Here we compare the resultant source list and image with other radio, IR, optical, and X-ray observations and catalogs of the region. Through this, we were able to identify five supernova remnant candidates and three pulsar wind nebula candidates in M31, as well as three Milky Way radio stars, a possible Milky Way planetary nebula, and a bevy of interesting extragalactic objects: a BL Lac, a giant radio galaxy, a galaxy merger, and several high-z radio galaxy candidates. In addition, a large number of compact (theta less than or similar to 6 '') extremely steep-spectrum sources (alpha <= -1.6; S-nu proportional to nu(alpha)) were detected whose nature is unknown. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gelfand, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jgelfand@cfa.harvard.edu; Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; bgaensler@cfa.harvard.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 97 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 159 IS 2 BP 242 EP 276 DI 10.1086/431363 PG 35 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 949VV UT WOS:000230817100003 ER PT J AU Casebeer, WD AF Casebeer, WD TI Neurobiology supports virtue theory on the role of heuristics in moral cognition SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID JUDGMENT AB Sunstein is right that poorly informed heuristics can influence moral judgment. His case could be strengthened by tightening neurobiologically plausible working definitions regarding what a heuristic is, considering a background moral theory that has more strength in Aide reflective equilibrium than "weak consequentialism," and systematically examining what naturalized virtue theory has to say about the role of heuristics in moral reasoning. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Casebeer, WD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wdcasebe@nps.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 547 EP + PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 974XH UT WOS:000232624200038 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Fairall, CW Persson, POG Andreas, EL Guest, PS AF Grachev, AA Fairall, CW Persson, POG Andreas, EL Guest, PS TI Stable boundary-layer scaling regimes: The Sheba data SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Coriolis effect; Ekman layer; Monin-Obukhov similarity theory; Richardson number; stable boundary layer ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; FLUX-GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; INHOMOGENEOUS LAND-SURFACE; TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS; PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; HEAT-BUDGET; WEDDELL SEA; ICE; TEMPERATURE; SIMILARITY AB Turbulent and mean meteorological data collected at five levels on a 20-m tower over the Arctic pack ice during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) are analyzed to examine different regimes of the stable boundary layer (SBL). Eleven months of measurements during SHEBA cover a wide range of stability conditions, from the weakly unstable regime to very stable stratification. Scaling arguments and our analysis show that the SBL can be classified into four major regimes: (i) surface-layer scaling regime (weakly stable case), (ii) transition regime, (iii) turbulent Ekman layer, and (iv) intermittently turbulent Ekman layer (supercritical stable regime). These four regimes may be considered as the basic states of the traditional SBL. Sometimes these regimes, especially the last two, can be markedly perturbed by gravity waves, detached elevated turbulence ('upside down SBL'), and inertial oscillations. Traditional Monin-Obukhov similarity theory works well in the weakly stable regime. In the transition regime, Businger-Dyer formulations work if scaling variables are re-defined in terms of local fluxes, although stability function estimates expressed in these terms include more scatter compared to the surface-layer scaling. As stability increases, the near-surface turbulence is affected by the turning effects of the Coriolis force (the turbulent Ekman layer). In this regime, the surface layer, where the turbulence is continuous, may be very shallow (< 5 m). Turbulent transfer near the critical Richardson number is characterized by small but still significant heat flux and negligible stress. The supercritical stable regime, where the Richardson number exceeds a critical value, is associated with collapsed turbulence and the strong influence of the earth's rotation even near the surface. In the limit of very strong stability, the stress is no longer a primary scaling parameter. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Russian Acad Sci, AM Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. USA, Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R-ET6,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Andrey.Grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 75 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 116 IS 2 BP 201 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10546-004-2729-0 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969AA UT WOS:000232204600005 ER PT J AU O'Shea, MK Ryan, MAK Hawksworth, AW Alsip, BJ Gray, GC AF O'Shea, MK Ryan, MAK Hawksworth, AW Alsip, BJ Gray, GC TI Symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy young adults living in a crowded military environment SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CORYZA AGENT CCA; US MILITARY; RT-PCR; DISEASE; ILLNESS; REINFECTION; VOLUNTEERS; DIAGNOSIS AB Background. Respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV) infection is a potentially important cause of acute respiratory illness in many populations, including military recruits receiving basic training. Understanding the full impact of RSV infection is challenging because of difficulties in diagnosis and the limitations of past epidemiologic studies. In this study, we set out to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of RSV infection and infection caused by other common viral agents in a population of previously healthy young adults, namely, military recruits receiving basic training. Methods. In addition to standard viral culture techniques, we employed serologic testing and a recently described, novel, highly sensitive real- time PCR and a molecular beacon probe assay for the detection of RSV infection. Results. Among 256 military trainees with respiratory symptoms, RSV infection was identified in 11% by means of serologic testing and real- time PCR. Viral culture identified adenovirus in 48% of symptomatic recruits, influenza viruses in 11%, parainfluenza virus 3 in 3%, and enterovirus in < 1%. The majority of recruits with RSV infection experienced a nonproductive cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion, and almost half reported symptoms of wheeze or shortness of breath. Almost all ( 94%) of the recruits lost >= 1 day( s) from training because of illness. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the challenges of diagnosis and clinical significance of RSV infection in symptomatic young adults. RSV may account for 11% of clinically important respiratory illnesses in this population, which is as much as 25% of previously undiagnosed illness. These results have implications for treatment and prevention of RSV in young adults. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA USA. Inst Naval Med, Gosport PO12 2DL, Hants, England. USAF Acad Hlth Sci, Community Hlth Practices Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, 200 Hawkins Dr C21K GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gregory-gray@uiowa.edu NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1086/431591 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 942TK UT WOS:000230305300006 PM 16007526 ER PT J AU Shilling, CDRR AF Shilling, CDRR TI Office of naval research program in virtual reality therapy and the use of "serious games" and entertainment technologies for medical simulation SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Off Naval Res, Biol & Med Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM Shilling85@alumni.wfu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1094-9313 J9 CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV JI CyberPsychol. Behav. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 4 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Communication; Psychology, Applied SC Communication; Psychology GA 956KH UT WOS:000231298100093 ER PT J AU Henderson, DR AF Henderson, David R. TI The role of economists in ending the draft SO ECON JOURNAL WATCH LA English DT Article DE draft; conscription; mercenary AB Economists laid much of the intellectual foundation for ending military conscription in the United States. Walter Oi and others laid out a solid analytic case against the draft, pointing out that the cost of a drafted military exceeded the cost of an all-volunteer force but that this cost fell heavily on the shoulders of draftees and draft-induced volunteers. Economists, including Milton Friedman, James C. Miller III, and W. Allen Wallis, made this case to the public. Economists were heavily involved in writing the staff reports for the President's Commission on the All-Volunteer Force. When the draft rears its ugly head, economists are freedom's first line of defense. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Henderson, DR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST SPONTANEOUS ORDER ECONOMICS PI FAIRFAX PA 9745 KINGS CROWN COURT #102, FAIRFAX, VA 22031 USA SN 1933-527X J9 ECON J WATCH JI Econ. J. Watch PD AUG PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 362 EP + PG 16 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA V44PB UT WOS:000203013500008 ER PT J AU Clark, R Coughran, B Traina, I Hernandez, A Scheck, T Etuk, C Peters, J Lee, EW Ogren, J Es-Said, OS AF Clark, R Coughran, B Traina, I Hernandez, A Scheck, T Etuk, C Peters, J Lee, EW Ogren, J Es-Said, OS TI On the correlation of mechanical and physical properties of 7075-T6 Al alloy SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE heat treatment; Al 7075; hardness correlations; mechanical testing; resistivity ID STRESS-CORROSION; 7249-ALUMINUM-ALLOY; RETROGRESSION AB The influence of varying the thermal processing parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of 7075 T6 aluminum alloy was studied. The variables altered were solution treatment temperatures, quenching media and artificial aging conditions. The influence of varying these parameters on the tensile strength, electrical resistivity and hardness of the alloy is discussed and an excellent correlation is found between the tensile strength and hardness. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 5 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 520 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.09.005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 935XZ UT WOS:000229818000003 ER PT J AU Cardenas-Garcia, JF Ekwaro-Osire, S Berg, JM Wilson, WH AF Cardenas-Garcia, JF Ekwaro-Osire, S Berg, JM Wilson, WH TI Non-linear least-squares solution to the moire hole method problem in orthotropic materials. Part I: Residual stresses SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE inverse problem; least-squares; moire; orthotropic; residual stresses ID INTERFEROMETRY; FRINGES AB The hole method problem relates to two inverse problems of interest: the first, most commonly addressed by practitioners, is to obtain residual stresses; the other, generally neglected, inverse problem can be posed as either a stress separation problem or a material elastic properties identification problem. In both this Paper I and Paper II, we pose and solve this dual hole method problem in an orthotropic plate, using computer generated moire isothetics, by means of a non-linear least-squares approach. In Paper I we address the residual stress problem. In Paper II we pose the use of moire isothetics as a means to achieve separation of stresses, but we deal with the determination of the five orthotropic elastic constants, four of which are independent. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NSWC, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Cardenas-Garcia, JF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jfcg@eng.umd.edu RI Ekwaro-Osire, Stephen/A-6896-2015; OI Ekwaro-Osire, Stephen/0000-0002-9548-8648 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1177/0014485105056080 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 949KO UT WOS:000230785300001 ER PT J AU Cardenas-Garcia, JF Ekwaro-Osire, S Berg, JM Wilson, WH AF Cardenas-Garcia, JF Ekwaro-Osire, S Berg, JM Wilson, WH TI Non-linear least-squares solution to the moire hole method problem in orthotropic materials. Part II: Material elastic constants SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE elastic constants; inverse problem; least-squares; moire; orthotropic AB This is the second of two papers dealing with inverse problems arising from the hole method problem in orthotropic materials. Two inverse problems are of interest in this second paper: one relates to the use of the hole method as a means of separation of stresses; the other deals with using it for orthotropic material elastic constant identification. The problem of separation of stresses is posed and briefly discussed, but the orthotropic material identification problem is addressed, fully showing how to obtain the five orthotropic elastic constants, four of which are independent, when knowing the applied stresses and examining the isothetics or moire fringes around a through hole in a biaxially loaded thin wood plate. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NSWC, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Cardenas-Garcia, JF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jfcg@eng.umd.edu RI Ekwaro-Osire, Stephen/A-6896-2015; OI Ekwaro-Osire, Stephen/0000-0002-9548-8648 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 314 EP 324 DI 10.1177/0014485105056083 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 949KO UT WOS:000230785300002 ER PT J AU Jin, N Yu, RH Chung, SY Berger, PR Thompson, PE Fay, P AF Jin, N Yu, RH Chung, SY Berger, PR Thompson, PE Fay, P TI High sensitivity Si-based backward diodes for zero-biased square-law detection and the effect of post-growth annealing on performance SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE backward diodes; millimeter-wave detectors; Si/SiGe heterojunction ID INTERBAND TUNNELING DIODES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TEMPERATURE; OPERATION; GROWTH AB High-sensitivity Si-based backward diodes were realized that are monolithically integratable with transistor circuitry. Potential applications include large area focal plane arrays. The Si-based backward diodes exhibit a high zero-biased curvature coefficient, 7, of 31 V-1 and a low zero biased junction capacitance, C-j, of 9 fF/mu m(2), all at room temperature. The predicted low frequency voltage sensitivity, beta(V), for a 50 Omega source is 3100 V/W. The high sensitivity, low junction capacitance, and Si/SiGe hetero-junction bipolar transistor compatibility of the Si-based backward diodes make them very attractive for zero-bias square-law detector applications. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Jin, N (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1109/LED.2005.852738 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 949QG UT WOS:000230802600019 ER PT J AU Abe, DK Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Wood, FN Myers, RE Eisen, EL Cusick, M Levush, B AF Abe, DK Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Wood, FN Myers, RE Eisen, EL Cusick, M Levush, B TI Demonstration of an S-band, 600-kW fundamental-mode multiple-beam klystron SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE multibeam; multiple-beam amplifier (MBA); multiple-beam klystron (MBK) ID ELECTRON-GUN; DESIGN; AMPLIFIERS AB We present initial experimental results from the successful operation of a 600-kW peak, fundamental-mode multiple-beam klystron (MBK). The eight-beam device operates at a cathode voltage of similar to 45 kV and a total beam current of similar to 32 A with an axial guiding magnetic field of 1.8-2.2 kG. In the absence of radio-frequency (RF) drive, the measured beam transmission is in excess of 99%; at a driven frequency of 3.25 GHz, the measured beam transmission at saturation is >= 97%, where the four-cavity circuit generates a peak power of similar to 600 kW with an electronic efficiency of 40%. The measured beam transport and RF performance are in excellent agreement with predictions made by the three-dimensional gun/collector code, MICHELLE, and the large-signal klystron code, TESLA. The accuracy of the design codes enabled the achievement of a working device in a single hardware design pass. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ATK Miss Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. CPI, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.abe@nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 7 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 590 EP 592 DI 10.1109/LED.2005.852540 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 949QG UT WOS:000230802600023 ER PT J AU Anderson, JL AF Anderson, JL TI How to produce better quality test software SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2005 Conference CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE C1 USN, Corona, CA USA. RP Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Corona, CA USA. EM john.l.anderson1@navy.mil NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1109/MIM.2005.1502445 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 955OV UT WOS:000231236500007 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Analysis of phase locking in diffraction-coupled arrays of semiconductor lasers with gain/index coupling SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE high power lasers; semiconductor laser arrays (SLAs) ID EXTERNAL TALBOT CAVITY; DIODE-LASERS; HIGH-POWER; COHERENT; OPERATION; CW AB We develop an analytical model of the phase-locking mechanism for diffraction-coupled arrays of semiconductor lasers. While the phase-locking range is found to be limited by nonuniformities between the individual lasers, increasing the gain-index coupling can expand this range. Detailed computer simulations confirm these predictions. Recommendations are made for using arrays of surface-emitting lasers to improve the stability of phase locking. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jakek@jhu.edu; vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil; meyer@nrl.navy.mil RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1065 EP 1074 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.851247 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 946AB UT WOS:000230543100004 ER PT J AU Voiculescu, I Zaghloul, ME McGill, RA Houser, EJ Fedder, GK AF Voiculescu, I Zaghloul, ME McGill, RA Houser, EJ Fedder, GK TI Electrostatically actuated resonant microcantilever beam in CMOS technology for the detection of chemical weapons SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cantilever beam; complementary metal-oxide; semiconductor (CMOS) technology; electrostatic actuation; gas sensor; nerve agent ID MICROSTRUCTURES; SENSORS; VAPORS; GASES; NOSE AB The design, fabrication, and testing of a resonant cantilever beam in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is presented in this paper. The resonant cantilever beam is a gas-sensing device capable of monitoring hazardous vapors and gases at trace concentrations. The new design of the cantilever beam described here includes interdigitated fingers for electrostatic actuation and a piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge design to read out the deflection signal. The reference resistors of the Wheatstone bridge are fabricated on auxiliary beams that are immediately adjacent to the actuated device. The whole device is fabricated using a 0.6-mu m, three-metal, double-poly CMOS process, combined with subsequent micromachining steps. A custom polymer layer is applied to the surface of the microcantilever beam to enhance its sorptivity to a chemical nerve agent. Exposing the sensor with the nerve agent simulant dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP), provided a demonstrated detection at a concentration of 20 ppb or 0.1 mg/m(3). These initial promising results were attained with a relatively simple design, fabricated in standard CMOS, which could offer an inexpensive option for mass production of a miniature chemical detector, which contains on chip electronics integrated to the cantilever beam. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Voiculescu, I (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ioana@gwu.edu; zaghloul@gwu.edu; mcgill@nrl.navy.mil; ejhouser@nrl.navy.mil; fedder@ece.cmu.edu RI Fedder, Gary/I-7081-2013 OI Fedder, Gary/0000-0002-2380-5210 NR 25 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2005.851016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 946KU UT WOS:000230571800012 ER PT J AU White, BJ Harmon, HJ AF White, BJ Harmon, HJ TI Optical determination of bacterial exosporium sugars using immobilized porphyrins SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE absorbance spectrum; Bacillus spore; immobilized; porphyrin ID REAGENT-LESS DETECTION; COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; GLYCOPROTEIN; COMPLEXES; ACIDS AB Three porphyrins were tested as possible candidates for identification and quantification of the presence of sugars known to be contained in the exosporium of the bacterial endospores of some Clostridium and Bacillus species. The effect of the sugars on both absorbance and fluorescence characteristics of the immobilized porphyrins was investigated for possible application as a wipe test to indicate the presence of these sugars. Changes in porphyrin absorbance spectra were unique for each sugar with limits of detection as low as 2 ppb using immobilized porphyrins; and 0.2 ppb using porphyrins in solution. Meso-tetra(4-boronic acid) porphyrin (TPPB) is likely the most useful porphyrin of those tested for detection of the sugars. Detection of methyl a-L-rhamnopyranoside between 13 and 1450 parts per billion (ppb), L-rhamnose between 15 and 150 ppb, L(-)-fucose between 80 and 1300 ppb, and D(+)-galactosamine between 18 and 1700 ppb is demonstrated using TPPB. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. RP White, BJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bwhite@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; jharmon@okstate.edu RI Johnson, Brandy/B-3462-2008 OI Johnson, Brandy/0000-0002-3637-0631 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2005.848137 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 946KU UT WOS:000230571800023 ER PT J AU Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS AF Shriver-Lake, LC Ligler, FS TI The array biosensor for counterterrorism SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Array Biosensor; biological warfare defense; counterterrorism ID BIOLOGICAL THREAT AGENTS; FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOSENSOR; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; FLUORESCENCE; IMMUNOASSAY; BACTERIAL; ANALYTES AB The war against terrorism requires numerous sensor technologies for homeland security. For the detection of bioterrorist agents, 1) generic detectors that indicate something amiss, 2) biosensors for rapid screening and presumptive identification, and 3) identification systems for definitive confirmation are all required. The Array Biosensor addresses the second need. This biosensor can detect multiple agents simultaneously in less than 15 min, is automated, and can be used on site. This paper reports on the current version of the automated system and reviews data obtained in assays for bioterrorist agents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lcs@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2005.848121 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 946KU UT WOS:000230571800027 ER PT J AU Pieper, RJ Michael, S AF Pieper, RJ Michael, S TI Comprehensive analytical approach to predicting freeze-out and exhaustion for uniform single-impurity semiconductors in equilibrium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE analytical model; exact analysis; exhaustion; freeze-out; semiconductor; temperature dependence AB In this paper, a complete analytical description for an exact expression for temperature dependence of the majority carrier in a single-impurity, nondegenerately doped equilibrium semiconductor is proposed. Analysis establishes that the problem is solvable exactly by identifying the only physically possible root to a cubic equation. This solution is complemented by an iterative technique that identifies boundaries for the intrinsic, freeze-out, and exhaustion regimes and facilitates selecting a reasonable range of temperatures in which to display the exact solution. Similarly, an exact expression for the temperature-dependent Fermi level is obtained. Fairly simple tests and checks on the analytic results are explained and demonstrated. This model provides an attractive alternative or supplement to established classroom approaches for this topic usually covered in senior and first-year graduate-level solid-state courses in physics and electrical engineering. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Pieper, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. EM rpieper@uttyler.edu; michael@nps.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1109/TE.2005.849732 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 955OE UT WOS:000231234700008 ER PT J AU Wage, KE Buck, JR Wright, CHG Welch, TB AF Wage, KE Buck, JR Wright, CHG Welch, TB TI The Signals and Systems Concept Inventory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE active learning; assessment; conceptual learning; signal processing education ID PROCESSING 1ST; COURSES AB The signal processing community needs quantitative standardized tools to assess student learning in order to improve teaching methods and satisfy accreditation requirements. The Signals and Systems Concept Inventory (SSCI) is a 25-question multiple-choice exam designed to measure students' understanding of fundamental concepts taught in standard signals and systems curricula. When administered as a pre- and postcourse assessment, the SSCI measures the gain in conceptual understanding as a result of instruction. This paper summarizes the three-year development of this new assessment instrument and presents results obtained from testing with a pool of over 900 students from seven schools. Initial findings from the SSCI study show that students in traditional lecture courses master approximately 20% of the concepts they do not know prior to the start of the course. Other results highlight the most common student misconceptions and quantify the correlation between signals and systems and prerequisite courses. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wage, KE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM k.e.wage@ieee.org; johnbuck@ieee.org; c.h.g.wright@ieee.org NR 17 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 448 EP 461 DI 10.1109/TE.2005.849746 PG 14 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 955OE UT WOS:000231234700012 ER PT J AU Ives, RW Du, YZ Etter, DM Welch, TB AF Ives, RW Du, YZ Etter, DM Welch, TB TI A multidisciplinary approach to biometrics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE active-learning; biometrics; image processing; MATLAB; signal processing AB Biometrics is an emerging field of technology using unique and measurable physical, biological, or behavioral characteristics that can be processed to identify a person. It is a multidisciplinary subject that integrates engineering, statistics, mathematics, computing, psychology, and policy. The need for biometrics can be found in governments, in the military, and in commercial applications. The Electrical Engineering Department at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, has introduced a biometric signal processing course for senior-level undergraduate students and has developed a biometrics lab to support this course. In this paper, the authors present the course content, the newly developed biometric signal processing lab, and the interactive learning process of the biometric course. They discuss some of the challenges that were encountered in implementing the course and how they were overcome. They also provide some feedback from the course assessment. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46224 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ives@usna.edu; yingzidu@ieee.org; etter@usna.edu; t.b.welch@ieee.org NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 462 EP 471 DI 10.1109/TE.2005.849750 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 955OE UT WOS:000231234700013 ER PT J AU Aziz, MA Reising, SC Asher, WE Rose, LA Gaiser, PW Horgan, KA AF Aziz, MA Reising, SC Asher, WE Rose, LA Gaiser, PW Horgan, KA TI Effects of air-sea enteraction parameters on ocean surface microwave emission at 10 and 37 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE air-sea interactions; fractional area foam coverage; friction velocity; heat flux; microwave emissivity; microwave radiometry; momentum flux; ocean surface; ocean surface emissivity; significant wave height; wind speed ID FLUX MEASUREMENTS; FREQUENCIES; VECTOR; SSM/I; FOAM AB WindSat, the first polarimetric radiometer on orbit, launched in January 2003, provides the promise of passive ocean wind vector retrievals on a continuous basis, simultaneous with the retrieval of many other geophysical variables such as sea surface temperature, atmospheric water vapor, cloud liquid water, and sea ice extent and concentration. WindSat also serves as risk reduction for the upcoming National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS). Since the dependence of microwave brightness temperatures on wind direction is small relative to that of other parameters such as wind speed, wind direction retrieval relies on increasingly accurate knowledge of the ocean surface microwave emission, which depends upon surface properties such as roughness and foam due to wave breaking. Coordinated near-surface measurements of ocean surface microwave emission and air-sea interaction parameters are needed to quantify the effects of the processes mentioned above in surface emission models to improve the accuracy of wind vector retrievals. Such coordinated observations were performed during the Fluxes, Air-Sea Interaction, and Remote Sensing (FAIRS) experiment conducted on the R/P Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean during the Fall of 2000, X- and Ka-band partially polarimetric radiometers were mounted at the end of the port boom of RIP FLIP to measure ocean surface emission at incidence angles of 45 degrees, 53 degrees, and 65 degrees. A bore-sighted video camera recorded the fractional area of foam in the field of view of the radiometers. Air-sea interaction parameters that were measured concurrently include wind speed, friction velocity, heat fluxes, and significant wave height. The measured dependence of ocean surface emissivity on wind speed and friction velocity is in good agreement with, and extends, earlier observations and empirical models based on satellite data. Concurrent radiometric measurements and fractional area foam coverage data strengthen the possibility of retrieval of sea surface foam coverage using airborne or spaceborne radiometry. The dependence of emissivity on atmospheric stability is shown to be much smaller than the dependence of emissivity on wind speed. Analysis of emissivity dependence on atmospheric stability alone was inconclusive, due to the variation in atmospheric stability with wind speed. The effect of long-wave incidence angle modulation on sea surface emissivity for near-surface measurements was found to be negligible when emissivity measurements were averaged over tens to hundreds of long waves. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aziz, MA (reprint author), Vensoft, Phoenix, AZ 85306 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1763 EP 1774 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.848413 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949BX UT WOS:000230761000007 ER PT J AU Ando, B Baglio, S Sacco, V Bulsara, AR AF Ando, B Baglio, S Sacco, V Bulsara, AR TI Effects of driving mode and optimal material selection on a residence times difference-based fluxgate magnetometer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 18-20, 2004 CL Como, ITALY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE ferromagnetic material; fluxgate sensors; high sensitivity; low power; magnetic sensors; simple topology AB In this paper, analytical and experimental results on fluxgate magnetometers, intended to sense dc magnetic field, that make use of a readout technique based on the estimation of the residence times in the stable attractors are presented. The approach, exploiting the inherent nonlinear character of the bistable core dynamics, is based on the time-domain characterization of the transitions between the two saturation states of the hysteresis loop that is inherent in the ferromagnetic core dynamics. This readout technique affords the possibility of low amplitude and frequency reference (or bias) driving signals (sinusoidal or triangular), compared to conventional fluxgates, thereby reducing the device power requirements. The efficacy of this strategy. is shown through an analytical approach, and via experimental results that suggest guidelines for the optimal design of the device. Considerations of the effects of a suitable choice of the magnetic core (in terms of its hysteresis behavior) have also been included. Experiments, carried out on miniaturized laboratory fluxgate prototypes with different ferromagnetic materials, reveal good performances of the proposed methodology, including suitable sensitivity and resolution, as well as low cost. C1 Univ Catania, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr Elettron & Sistemi, I-95125 Catania, Italy. USN, Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Univ Catania, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr Elettron & Sistemi, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM bando@diees.unict.it; salvatore.baglio@diees.unict.it; vincenzo.sacco@diees.unict.it; bulsara@spawar.navy.mil RI Baglio, Salvatore/I-3174-2012 OI Baglio, Salvatore/0000-0002-6068-2846 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 4 SI SI BP 1366 EP 1373 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.851070 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 947FK UT WOS:000230628600005 ER PT J AU Hansen, DL Marshall, PW Lopez-Aguado, R Jobe, K Carts, MA Marshall, CJ Chu, P Meyer, SF AF Hansen, DL Marshall, PW Lopez-Aguado, R Jobe, K Carts, MA Marshall, CJ Chu, P Meyer, SF TI A study of the SEU performance of InP and SiGe shift registers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heavy ion; indium phosphide; proton; silicon germanium; single event upset ID ION TEST DATA; BICMOS TECHNOLOGY; CROSS-SECTIONS; DATA RATES; PROTON; TOLERANCE; LOGIC AB Shift registers fabricated using InP and SiGe technology are tested for SEU performance when irradiated with protons and heavy ions. The results are compared to several different models which predict proton cross section from heavy-ion data. C1 Boeing Satellite Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. USN, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boeing Satellite Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Hansen, DL (reprint author), Boeing Satellite Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM david.l.hansen@boeing.com NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1140 EP 1147 DI 10.1109/TNS.2005.850490 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 958IA UT WOS:000231436700051 ER PT J AU Kirkici, H Neuber, A Umstattd, RJ AF Kirkici, H Neuber, A Umstattd, RJ TI Guest editorial - Special issue on power modulators and repetitive pulsed power SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kirkici, H (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Neuber, Andreas/E-2956-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1135 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.852616 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 956RC UT WOS:000231316500001 ER PT J AU Jing, CG Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Gold, SH Liu, W Kinkead, AK AF Jing, CG Gai, W Power, JG Konecny, R Gold, SH Liu, W Kinkead, AK TI High-power RF tests on X-band dielectric-loaded, accelerating structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE dielectric breakdown; dielectric-loaded accelerator; high-power radio frequency; mulit-pactor ID WAKE-FIELD AB A joint Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)/Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) program is under way to investigate X-band dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures, using high-power 11.424-GHz radiation from the NRL Magnicon Facility. DLA structures offer the potential of a simple, inexpensive alternative to copper disk-loaded structures for use in high-gradient radio-frequency (RF) linear accelerators. A central purpose of our high-power test program is to find the RF breakdown limits of these structures. In this paper, we summarize the most recent tests results for two DLA structures loaded with different ceramics: alumina and MgxCa1-xTiO3 (MCT). No RIP breakdown has been observed up to 5 MW of drive power (equivalent to 8 MV/m accelerating gradient), but multipactor was observed to absorb a large fraction of the incident microwave power. The latest experimental results on suppression of multipactor using a TiN coating on the inner surface of the dielectric are reported. Although we did not observe dielectric breakdown in the structure, breakdown did occur at the ceramic joint, where the electric field is greatly enhanced. Lastly, the MCT structure showed significantly less multipactor for the same level RF field. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Jing, CG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM jingchg@hep.an1.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1155 EP 1160 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.851957 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 956RC UT WOS:000231316500004 ER PT J AU Geil, BR Bayne, SB Ibitayo, D Koebke, MG AF Geil, BR Bayne, SB Ibitayo, D Koebke, MG TI Thermal and electrical evaluation of SiC GTOs for pulsed power applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Power Modulator Symposium/High Voltage Workshop CY MAY 23-26, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs); pulse power; silicon carbide (SiC); thermal analysis; thermal modeling AB For applications which require high peak current and fast rise time, silicon carbide (SiC) material is ideal because of its ability to tolerate high localized temperatures generated during switching. This research was performed to,investigate SiC devices for pulse power applications and to analyze the failure, of the devices. Seven 2 mm x 2 mm SiC gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs) manufactured by Cree, Inc., Durham, NC, were evaluated. The devices were tested at single shot and under repetitive stress using a ring-down capacitor discharge circuit. The current pulsewidth was 2 mu s with a peak current of 1.4 kA (current density of 94.6 kA/cm(2)) and a maximum di/dt of 2.36 kA/mu s. The maximum power dissipated within the devices was 240 kW. Thermal modeling of these devices was done using ANSYS to analyze the heating and cooling. A two-dimensional model was used that included the device package and bonding materials. The maximum amount of power dissipated was calculated from the 1000-A, 2-mu s pulse. No further power input was added to the model and the heat transfer was plotted on an exponential scale. It was found that heat applied to a 2-mu m-thick region of the fingers yielded a temperature greater than 800 degrees C in the device. It took 1.0E-(02) s for this heat to dissipate and for the device to return to 23 degrees C. The minimum and maximum stresses were found to be -2.83E+(09) Pa. and 4.06E(+08) Pa respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Geil, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1226 EP 1234 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.854304 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 956RC UT WOS:000231316500015 ER PT J AU Stilwell, DJ Bishop, BE Sylvester, CA AF Stilwell, DJ Bishop, BE Sylvester, CA TI Redundant manipulator techniques for partially decentralized path planning and control of a platoon of autonomous vehicles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE cooperative systems; distributed control; mobile robots; multiple manipulators ID ROBOTS AB An approach to real-time trajectory generation for platoons of autonomous vehicles is developed from well-known control techniques for redundant robotic manipulators. The partially decentralized structure of this approach permits each vehicle to independently compute its trajectory in real-time using only locally generated information and low-bandwidth feedback generated by a system exogenous to the platoon. Our work is motivated by applications for which communications bandwidth is severely limited, such for platoons of autonomous underwater vehicles. The communication requirements for our trajectory generation approach are independent of the number of vehicles in the platoon, enabling platoons composed of a large number of vehicles to be coordinated despite limited communication bandwidth. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Natl Ground Intelligence Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22911 USA. RP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM stilwell@vt.edu NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 EI 1941-0492 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 842 EP 848 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2005.846643 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 946JT UT WOS:000230569000016 PM 16128465 ER PT J AU Howe, DA Beard, RL Greenhall, CA Vernotte, F Riley, WJ Peppler, TK AF Howe, DA Beard, RL Greenhall, CA Vernotte, F Riley, WJ Peppler, TK TI Enhancements to GPS operations and clock evaluations using a "total" Hadamard deviation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILITY; ALLAN VARIANCE; ESTIMATORS AB We describe a method based on the total deviation approach whereby we improve the confidence of the estimation of the Hadamard deviation that is used primarily in global positioning system (GPS) operations. The Hadamard-total deviation described in this paper provides a significant improvement in confidence indicated by an increase of 1.3 to 3.4 times the one degree of freedom of the plain Hadamard deviation at the longest averaging time. The new Hadamard-total deviation is slightly negatively biased with respect to the usual Hadamard deviation, and tau values are restricted to less than or equal to T/3, to be consistent with the usual Hadamard's definition. We give a method of automatically removing bias by a power-law detection scheme. We review the relationship between Kalman filter parameters and the Hadamard and Allan variances, illustrate the operational problems associated with estimating these parameters, and discuss how the Hadamard-total variance can improve management of present and future GPS satellite clocks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Besancon, Besancon, France. Hamilton Tech Serv, Beaufort, SC 29907 USA. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dhowe@boulder.nist.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD AUG PY 2005 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1253 EP 1261 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1509784 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 961BK UT WOS:000231636700007 PM 16245595 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S Jiang, J Chan, TC Manetz, TS Chao, CC Ching, WM Richards, AL AF Chattopadhyay, S Jiang, J Chan, TC Manetz, TS Chao, CC Ching, WM Richards, AL TI Scrub typhus vaccine candidate Kp r56 induces humoral and cellular immune responses in cynomolgus monkeys SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL MURINE BRUCELLOSIS; SILVERED LEAF MONKEYS; SUPPRESSOR T-CELLS; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; PRESBYTIS-CRISTATUS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; MACACA-FASCICULARIS AB A truncated recombinant 56-kDa outer membrane protein of the Karp strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Kp r56) was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) for immunogenicity and safety as a vaccine candidate for the prevention of scrub typhus. This recombinant antigen induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in two monkeys and was found to be well tolerated. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG were produced to almost maximal levels within 1 week of a single immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated animals showed an induction of antigen-specific proliferation and gamma interferon production. The Kp r56 was not as efficient as infection with live organisms in preventing reinfection but was able to reduce the inflammation produced at the site of challenge. This report describes the results of the first systematic study of the immunogenicity of a recombinant scrub typhus vaccine candidate in a nonhuman primate model. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Deis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Therimmune Res Corp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Deis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM RichardsA@nmrc.navy.mil RI Chao, Chien-Chung/A-8017-2011 NR 52 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 8 BP 5039 EP 5047 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.8.5039-5047.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 949BT UT WOS:000230760600064 PM 16041019 ER PT J AU Hickey, TE Majam, G Guerry, P AF Hickey, TE Majam, G Guerry, P TI Intracellular survival of Campylobacter jejuni in human monocytic cells and induction of apoptotic death by cytholethal distending toxin SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CYCLE ARREST; T-CELLS; SECRETION; PROTEINS; INTERLEUKIN-8; PATHWAYS; RELEASE; JURKAT; THP-1 AB Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 is capable of extensive replication within human monocytic cell vacuoles and induces apoptotic death via cytolethal distending toxin. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM guerryp@nmrc.navy.mil RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 24 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 73 IS 8 BP 5194 EP 5197 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.8.5194-5197.2005 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 949BT UT WOS:000230760600083 PM 16041038 ER PT J AU Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Ge, YL Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Effects of heat transfer and friction on the performance of an irreversible air-standard miller cycle SO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE finite time thermodynamics; thermodynamic optimization; miller cycle; power; efficiency ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; EFFICIENCY CHARACTERISTICS; OPTIMAL PATHS; DIESEL CYCLE; OTTO CYCLE; POWER; SYSTEMS; ENGINE; OPTIMIZATION AB The performance of an air standard Miller cycle with heat transfer loss and friction-like term loss was analyzed by using finite-time thermodynamics. The relation between the power output and the compression ratio, between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio as well as the optimal relation between the power output and the efficiency of the cycle are derived. Moreover, the influences of heat transfer loss and friction loss on the cycle performance are analyzed by detailed numerical examples. The results obtained herein include the performance characteristics of different cycles in given conditions, which have universal guidance. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 18 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0735-1933 J9 INT COMMUN HEAT MASS JI Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1045 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2005.02.002 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 952AH UT WOS:000230973000007 ER PT J AU Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Al Qahtani, MS Smith, TC Memish, ZA Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Barrett, DH Ryan, MAK Gray, GC AF Gackstetter, GD Hooper, TI Al Qahtani, MS Smith, TC Memish, ZA Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Barrett, DH Ryan, MAK Gray, GC TI Assessing the potential health impact of the 1991 Gulf War on Saudi Arabian National Guard Soldiers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saudi Arabia; Persian Gulf syndrome; Gulf War syndrome; morbidity; hospitalization; military personnel; military medicine; military deployment; veterans; health; occupational exposure; environmental exposure ID POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; PERSIAN-GULF; UNITED-KINGDOM; ILL HEALTH; MILITARY PERSONNEL; DESERT-STORM; RISK-FACTORS; VETERANS; SYMPTOMS; ILLNESS AB Background There has been considerable publicity that the 1991 Gulf War may have caused a wide array of health problems in military personnel. Although post-war health outcomes have been studied in US, British, Canadian, Danish, and other deployed troops, this issue has not been previously evaluated in coalition forces native to the Gulf region. Methods A collaborative team of US and Saudi health researchers was assembled, data sources evaluated, and hospitalizations among Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) soldiers between 1991 and 1999 analysed. Multivariate modelling was used to evaluate differences between 8342 soldiers exposed to combat at Al Khafji and a comparison group of 7270 soldiers in the Riyadh area. Results Among 15 612 SANG soldiers, we identified 148 with at least one hospitalization over the 9 years following the war. The adjusted rate of hospitalization was higher in the combat-exposed group (risk ratio (RR) = 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.59). No unusual patterns of diagnoses were found and, because the overall number of hospitalizations was low, the absolute difference in risk was found to be very small. Conclusions This is the first reported epidemiological investigation of post-war hospitalizations among coalition forces native to the Gulf region that participated in the 1991 Gulf War. A very small increase in hospitalizations was identified in SANG soldiers exposed to combat at Al Khafji. However, because of data limitations, the clinical relevance of this finding should be interpreted with caution. Future collaborative studies to better understand the health effects of deployment should be encouraged. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Natl Guard Hlth Affairs, Infect Prevent & Control Program, King Abdul Aziz Med Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Dev Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Gen Hosp C21D, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Gackstetter, GD (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Room A1044,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM ggackstetter@usuhs.mil NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 957HG UT WOS:000231360300021 PM 15737976 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Li, J Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Li, J Sun, FR Wu, C TI Effect of heat transfer on the performance of two-stage semiconductor thermoelectric refrigerators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; IRREVERSIBLE POWER-PLANTS; COOLING SYSTEMS; OPTIMUM DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; COOLERS; ALLOCATION; EXCHANGER; DEVICES; CYCLES AB A model of two-stage semiconductor thermoelectric refrigerators with external heat transfer is proposed. The performance of the refrigerator obeying Newton's heat transfer law is analyzed using the combination of finite-time thermodynamics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Two analytical formulas for cooling load versus working electrical current, and the coefficient of performance (COP) versus working electrical current, are derived. For a fixed total heat transfer surface area of two heat exchangers, the ratio of the heat transfer surface area of the high-temperature-side heat exchanger to the total heat transfer surface area of the heat exchangers is optimized to maximize the cooling load and the COP of the thermoelectric refrigerator. For a fixed total number of thermoelectric elements, the ratio of the number of thermoelectric elements of the top stage to the total number of thermoelectric elements is also optimized to maximize both the cooling load and the COP of the thermoelectric refrigerator. The effects of design factors on the performance are analyzed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Naval Univ Engn, Dept Power Engn, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com; lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 49 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 AR 034507 DI 10.1063/1.2001156 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 955RV UT WOS:000231246100111 ER PT J AU Shulman, I McGillicuddy, DJ Moline, MA Haddock, SHD Kindle, JC Nechaev, D Phelps, MW AF Shulman, I McGillicuddy, DJ Moline, MA Haddock, SHD Kindle, JC Nechaev, D Phelps, MW TI Biolumineseence intensity modeling and sampling strategy optimization SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MONTEREY BAY; SENSITIVITY AB The focus of this paper is on the development of methodology for short-term (1-3 days) oceanic bioluminescence (BL) predictions and the optimization of spatial and temporal bioluminescence sampling strategies. The approach is based on predictions of bioluminescence with an advection-diffusion-reaction (tracer) model with velocities and diffusivities from a circulation model. In previous research, it was shown that short-term changes in some of the salient features in coastal bioluminescence can be explained and predicted by using this approach. At the same time, it was demonstrated that optimization of bioluminescence sampling prior to the forecast is critical for successful short-term BL predictions with the tracer model. In the present paper, the adjoint to the tracer model is used to study the sensitivity of the modeled bioluminescence distributions to the sampling strategies for BL. The locations and times of bioluminescence sampling prior to the forecast are determined by using the adjoint-based sensitivity maps. The approach is tested with bioluminescence observations collected during August 2000 and 2003 in the Monterey Bay, California, area. During August 2000, BL surveys were collected during a strong wind relaxation event, while in August 2003, BL surveys were conducted during an extended (longer than a week) upwelling-favorable event. The numerical bioluminescence predictability experiments demonstrated a close agreement between observed and model-predicted short-term spatial and temporal changes of the coastal bioluminescence. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Jacobs Sverdrup Adv Syst Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7331,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM igor.shulman@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1267 EP 1281 DI 10.1175/JTECH1760.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 967QT UT WOS:000232107000013 ER PT J AU Park, JH Watts, DR Tracey, KL Mitchell, DA AF Park, JH Watts, DR Tracey, KL Mitchell, DA TI A multi-index GEM technique and its application to the southwestern Japan/East Sea SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAVEST EMPIRICAL MODE AB This paper demonstrates a new gravest empirical mode (GEM) technique that constructs multi-index lookup tables of temperature (T) and specific volume anomalies (delta) using historical hydrocasts as a function of three indices: round-trip travel time (tau) from sea floor to the surface, sea surface temperature, and pressure. Moreover, the historical hydrocasts are separated into non-mixed-layer (NML) and mixed-layer (ML) groups, and a single GEM field is constructed for each group. This is called the MI-GEM technique. The appropriate dates for MI-GEM fields are determined by the monthly distribution of the number of NML and ML profiles in the historical hydrocasts, which are also well correlated with the strength of the winds during the 2 yr of observations. The T and delta profiles that are determined by this MI-GEM technique capture 92 % and 88 % of the T and delta variances in the depth range of 0-200 db. These values reduce by about one-third of the unexplained error variance of the residual GEM, which was recently developed and applied to the optimal interpolated tau data in the southwestern Japan/East Sea (JES) by Mitchell et al. Comparisons with the in situ CTD casts demonstrate that the MI-GEM technique almost always produces improved full water column profiles of T and delta. Whereas the residual GEM estimates had exhibited qualitatively erroneous features like T inversions in the near-surface layer and too thin or thick intermediate water layers in some regions, the MI-GEM estimates avoid those problems, which were inherent to the residual GEM technique in the southwestern JES. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, 215 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jpark@gso.uri.edu OI Park, Jae-Hun/0000-0003-0442-695X NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1282 EP 1293 DI 10.1175/JTECH1778.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 967QT UT WOS:000232107000014 ER PT J AU Olszewski, LMA Manos, RE Weis, PJ Provencher, MT AF Olszewski, LMA Manos, RE Weis, PJ Provencher, MT TI Knee pain and swelling due to Crohn disease - A case report SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; GRANULOMATOUS ARTHRITIS; MANIFESTATIONS C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Rheumatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 87A IS 8 BP 1844 EP 1847 DI 10.2106/JBJS.D.01822 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 951RZ UT WOS:000230949800027 ER PT J AU Lambert, EW Hood, RJ Unger, DV AF Lambert, EW Hood, RJ Unger, DV TI The effect of intra-articular methadone on postoperative pain following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - Reply SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Ctr Med, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Lambert, EW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM lamberte@hss.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 87A IS 8 BP 1884 EP 1884 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 951RZ UT WOS:000230949800036 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Orlandi, PA Stenger, DA AF Wang, Z Orlandi, PA Stenger, DA TI Simultaneous detection of four human pathogenic microsporidian species from clinical samples by oligonucleotide Microarray SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; INTESTINAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; STOOL SPECIMENS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-INTESTINALIS; SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DNA EXTRACTION AB Microsporidian species have been rapidly emerging as human enteric pathogens in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals in recent years. Routine diagnostic techniques for microsporidia in clinical laboratories are laborious and insensitive and tend to underestimate their presence. In most instances, they are unable to differentiate species of spores due to their small sizes and similar morphologies. In this study, we report the development of another protozoan oligonucleotide microarray assay for the simultaneous detection and identification to the species level of four major microsporidian species: Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis. The 18S small-subunit rRNA gene was chosen as the amplification target, labeled with fluorescence dye, and hybridized to a series of species-specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a microchip. The specificity and sensitivity of the microarray were clearly demonstrated by the unique hybridization profiles exhibited by each species of microsporidian tested and its ability to detect as few as 10 spores. In order to assess the applicability of this microarray in a clinical setting, we conducted microarray assays of 20 fecal samples from AIDS patients. Twelve of these samples were positive for the presence of microsporidia and could be confidently identified; 11 of them were positive for more than one species. Our results suggested that this microarray-based approach represents an attractive diagnostic tool for high-throughput detection and identification of microsporidian species in clinical and epidemiological investigations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zwang@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 39 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 43 IS 8 BP 4121 EP 4128 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.8.4121-4128.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 954EL UT WOS:000231136800076 PM 16081959 ER PT J AU Purdy, A AF Purdy, A TI Growth of cubic GaN crystals from hexagonal GaN feedstock SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluids; ammonothermal; single crystal growth; gallium compounds; gallium nitride; lithium chloride ID GALLIUM NITRIDE AB The ammonothermal transport and spontaneously nucleated recrystallization of cubic GaN using a NH4Cl/LiCl mineralizer system and h-GaN nutrient has been studied. Conditions of temperature, fill and mineralizer concentrations were varied independently to determine their effect on the system. It was found that the rate at which GaN deposits in the cool zone increases with increasing hot-zone temperature and NH3 fill, and that a temperature difference of at least 110 degrees C between the hot and cool-zones is necessary for transport to occur. Addition of more NH4Cl has little effect on transport rate once a threshold of about 0.015 M is reached. The LiCl co-mineralizer concentration is very significant, and the transport rate is very low when LiCl is absent. There seems to be an effect of scale and run time on the phase purity of the deposit in the cool zone with the fraction of hexagonal phase GaN increasing with both increasing run time and with the amount of mass transported. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Purdy, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM purdy1@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 2-4 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.04.070 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 952NR UT WOS:000231011600022 ER PT J AU Schofer, JM Tong, TC Tanen, DA AF Schofer, JM Tong, TC Tanen, DA TI Kikuchi's disease: A rare cause of cervical lymphadenitis and fever SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Kikuchi's disease; cervical lymphadenitis; fever; Kikuchi's lymphadenitis; Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease ID FUJIMOTO-DISEASE; LYMPHADENOPATHY AB Cervical lymphadenitis and fever are common in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). Kikuchi's disease is a rare, self-limited cause of fever and cervical lymphadenitis often misdiagnosed as lymphoma or lupus and inappropriately treated, potentially causing numerous ED visits for unrelieved symptoms. The case described is that of a 29-year-old with persistent fever and cervical lymphadenitis who presented to the ED with a suspected allergic reaction to an antibiotic. The diagnosis of Kikuchi's disease was made in association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and partial hydatidiform mole. The case highlights the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of Kikuchi's disease. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Schofer, JM (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2005.01.017 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 949FT UT WOS:000230771200006 PM 16029824 ER PT J AU Engel, GT Goodell, GG McClanahan, SB AF Engel, GT Goodell, GG McClanahan, SB TI Sealer penetration and apical microleakage in smear-free dentin after a final rinse with either 70% isopropyl alcohol or Peridex SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE smear layer; isopropyl alcohol; Peridex; sealer penetration; fluid flow ID 5.25-PERCENT SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; ROOT-CANAL SEALERS; RESIDUAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; IN-VITRO; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; ENDODONTIC IRRIGANT; TUBULE PENETRATION; BACTERIAL POPULATION; FILLING MATERIALS; LAYER AB Tensioactive agents may alter dentinal wettability allowing increased sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. This may improve the apical seal and better entomb remaining bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine if a final rinse with either 70% isopropyl alcohol or Peridex in instrumented, smear-free canals would affect apical microleakage or Roth's 801 sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. Sixty root segments were instrumented followed by smear layer removal. The segments were randomly divided into three groups receiving a final rinse with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 70% isopropyl alcohol or Peridex. Obturation was completed using lateral compaction and Roth's 801 sealer pigmented with carbon black. Microleakage was measured by fluid filtration. Sealer penetration was measured using light microscopy. No significant differences were found between groups for microleakage or sealer penetration. Although a final rinse with either 70% isopropyl alcohol or Peridex did not increase sealer penetration, neither significantly affected apical microleakage compared to NaOCl. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP McClanahan, SB (reprint author), 5419 Flint Tavern Pl, Burke, VA 22015 USA. EM sbmcclanahan@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 31 IS 8 BP 620 EP 623 DI 10.1097/01.don.0000152296.06840.14 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 949ER UT WOS:000230768200013 PM 16044049 ER PT J AU Stockard, TK Heil, J Meir, JU Sato, K Ponganis, KV Ponganis, PJ AF Stockard, TK Heil, J Meir, JU Sato, K Ponganis, KV Ponganis, PJ TI Air sac P-O2 and oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air sac; Aptenodytes forsteri; dive; electrode; emperor penguin; hypoxia; metabolic rate; oxygen ID SEA-ICE; GAS-EXCHANGE; BIRDS; HYPOXIA; DEPTH; DUCK; TEMPERATURE; LOCOMOTION; PHYSIOLOGY; BEHAVIOR AB In order to determine the rate and magnitude of respiratory O-2 depletion during dives of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), air sac O-2 partial pressure (PO2) was recorded in 73 dives of four birds at an isolated dive hole. These results were evaluated with respect to hypoxic tolerance, the aerobic dive limit (ADL; dive duration beyond which there is post-dive lactate accumulation) and previously measured field metabolic rates (FMRs). 55% of dives were greater in duration than the previously measured 5.6-min ADL. P-O2 and depth profiles revealed compression hyperoxia and gradual O-2 depletion during dives. 42% of final P(O2)s during the dives (recorded during the last 15 s of ascent) were < 20 mmHg (< 2.7 kPa). Assuming that the measured air sac P-O2 is representative of the entire respiratory system, this implies remarkable hypoxic tolerance in emperors. In dives of durations greater than the ADL, the calculated end-of-dive air sac O-2 fraction was < 4%. The respiratory O-2 store depletion rate of an entire dive, based on the change in O-2 fraction during a dive and previously measured diving respiratory volume, ranged from I to 5 ml O-2 kg(-1) min(-1) and decreased exponentially with diving duration. The mean value, 2.1 +/- 0.8 ml O-2 kg(-1) min(-1), was (1) 19-42% of previously measured respiratory O-2 depletion rates during forced submersions and simulated dives, (2) approximately one-third of the predicted total body resting metabolic rate and (3) approximately 10% of the measured FMR. These findings are consistent with a low total body metabolic rate during the dive. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Balboa Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Int Coastal Res Ctr, Ostuchi, Iwate 0281102, Japan. RP Ponganis, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM pponganis@ucsd.edu NR 32 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 15 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 208 IS 15 BP 2973 EP 2980 DI 10.1242/jeb.01687 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 960FO UT WOS:000231575800026 PM 16043602 ER PT J AU Greer, S Chambliss, L Mackler, L AF Greer, S Chambliss, L Mackler, L TI What physical exam techniques are useful to detect malingering? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; PARESIS; SIGNS; LIMB C1 Moses Cone Mem Hosp, Family Med Residency, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. Moses Cone Hlth Syst Library, Greensboro, NC USA. USN, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Greer, S (reprint author), Moses Cone Mem Hosp, Family Med Residency, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 54 IS 8 BP 719 EP 722 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 955QU UT WOS:000231242700019 PM 16061063 ER PT J AU Chromik, RR Wang, DN Shugar, A Limata, L Notis, MR Vinci, RP AF Chromik, RR Wang, DN Shugar, A Limata, L Notis, MR Vinci, RP TI Mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds in the Au-Sn system SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC DISPLACEMENT FIELD; FREE SOLDER JOINTS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; AG)-SN INTERMETALLICS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PART II; NANOINDENTATION AB The mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds in the Au-Sn system were investigated by nanoindentation. Measurements of hardness and elastic modulus were obtained for all of the confirmed room-temperature intermetallics in this system as well as the beta phase (8 at.% Sn) and AuSn4. Overall, it was found that the Au-Sn compounds have lower hardness and stiffness than common Cu-Sn compounds found in solder joints. This finding is in contrast to common knowledge of "Au embrittlement" due to the formation of either AuSn4 or (Au,Ni)Sn-4 intermetallic compounds. This difference in understanding of mechanical properties of these phases and the resulting joint strength is discussed in terms of reliability and possible failure mechanisms related to interface strength or microstructural effects. Indentation creep measurements performed on Au5Sn, Au-Sn eutectic (29 at.% Sri) and AuSn indicate that these alloys are significantly more creep resistant than common soft solders, in keeping with typical observations of actual joint performance. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Whitaker Lab, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Chromik, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chromik@nrl.navy.mil RI Chromik, Richard/D-8566-2011 NR 50 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 19 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2161 EP 2172 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0269 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 953CW UT WOS:000231054800029 ER PT J AU Bleiweiss, M Amirzadeh, J Yin, M Lungu, A Datta, T AF Bleiweiss, M Amirzadeh, J Yin, M Lungu, A Datta, T TI Synthesis and optical studies of superconducting MgB2 thin films SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE MgB2; thin film; clear glass substrate; optical absorption; band gap ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SAPPHIRE AB Synthesis and optical transmission of MgB2 thin films on optically transparent glass are reported. In the 400-1000 nm regime as deposited films show high metallic reflectivity and very little transmission. After deposition, the films were annealed ex situ and rendered superconducting with T, of 38 K, approaching that of the bulk material. The reaction conditions where quite soft similar to 10 min at 550 degrees C. The optical absorption coefficient, a and photon energy, E followed a Tauc-type behavior, (alpha E)(1/2) = beta(T)(E - E-g). The band gap (E-g) was observed to peak at 2.5 eV; but, the slope parameter PT behaved monotonically with reaction temperature. Our results indicate that an intermediate semiconducting phase is produced before the formation of the superconducting phase; also optical measurements provide valuable information in monitoring the synthesis of MgB2 from its metallic constituents. In addition these films have interesting optical properties that may be integrated into optoelectronics. C1 USN, Acad Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Nanoctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Bendict Coll, Phys & Engn Dept, Columbia, SC 29204 USA. RP Bleiweiss, M (reprint author), USN, Acad Preparatory Sch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 567 EP 572 DI 10.1007/s10948-005-0042-x PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 986NQ UT WOS:000233457400020 ER PT J AU Sarkissian, A AF Sarkissian, A TI Method of superposition applied to patch near-field acoustic holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE SUPERPOSITION; RECONSTRUCTION; SURFACE; BODIES AB The method of superposition may be applied to reconstruct the field on a partial surface on a radiating structure from measurements made on a nearby limited surface. Unlike conformal near-field holography, where the measurement surface surrounds the entire structure, in patch holography the measurement surface need only be approximately as large as the patch on the structure surface where the reconstruction is required. Using the method of superposition, the field on and near the measurement surface may be approximated by the field produced by a source distribution placed on a surface inside the structure. The source strengths are evaluated by applying boundary conditions on the measurement surface. The algorithm requires the inversion of the Green's function matrix which may be ill-conditioned. Truncated singular value decomposition is used to invert it. The field on the structure surface is then approximated by the field produced by the source distribution. The algorithm is easier to implement than the boundary elements method because it does not require integrations over singular integrands and may be applied to flat or curved surfaces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sarkissian, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 72 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 118 IS 2 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1121/1.1945470 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 955FJ UT WOS:000231210500017 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Palmer, GR Kordich, MM Pollet, DA Jensen, JA Lindsay, MH AF McFarland, MJ Palmer, GR Kordich, MM Pollet, DA Jensen, JA Lindsay, MH TI Field validation of sound mitigation models and air pollutant emission testing in support of missile motor disposal activities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Department of Defense approved activities conducted at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) include both operational readiness test firing of intercontinental ballistic missile motors as well as the destruction of obsolete or otherwise unusable intercontinental ballistic missile motors through open burn/open detonation (OB/OD). Within the Utah Division of Air Quality, these activities have been identified as having the potential to generate unacceptable noise levels, as well as significant amounts of hazardous air pollutants. Hill Air Force Base, UT, has completed a series of field tests at the UTTR in which sound-monitoring surveillance of OB/OD activities was conducted to validate the Sound Intensity Prediction System (SIPS) model. Using results generated by the SIPS model to support the decision to detonate, the UTTR successfully disposed of missile motors having an aggregate net explosive weight (NEW) of 56,500 lbs without generating adverse noise levels within populated areas. These results suggest that, under appropriate conditions, missile motors of even larger NEW may be detonated without exceeding regulatory noise limits. In conjunction with collecting noise monitoring data, air quality data was collected to support the development of air emission factors for both static missile motor firings and OB/OD activities. Through the installation of 15 ground-based air samplers, the generation of combustion fixed gases, hazardous air pollutants, and chlorides were monitored during the 56,500-lb NEW detonation event. Comparison of field measurements to predictions generated from the U.S. Navy's energetic combustion pollutant formation model, POLU4WN, indicated that, as the detonation fireball expanded from ground zero, organic compounds as well as carbon monoxide continued to oxidize as the hot gases reacted with ambient air. Hazardous air pollutant analysis of air samplers confirmed the presence of chloromethane, benzene, toluene, 1,2-propadiene, and 2-methyl-1-propene, whereas the absence of hydrogen chloride gas suggested that free chlorine is not generated during the combustion process. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Hill Air Force Base, Ogden, UT USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Weapons Integrat & Technol Branch, Dahlgren, VA USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1405 Mt Logan Dr, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1111 EP 1121 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 952DB UT WOS:000230981200006 PM 16187581 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Abe, DK Levush, B Lobas, D AF Calame, JP Abe, DK Levush, B Lobas, D TI Broadband complex dielectric permittivity of porous aluminum silicate-pyrolytic carbon composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID AC CONDUCTIVITY; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; HIGH-POWER; RELAXATION; DISPERSION; ABSORPTION; CLUSTERS; SPECTROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY AB The broadband (10 kHz-18 GHz) complex dielectric permittivity of electrically lossy aluminum silicate-pyrolytic carbon composites is studied as a function of carbon content. The composites are made from a commercial machinable ceramic that is treated by oxalic acid refluxing, followed by sucrose pyrolysis within the open porosity. The resulting composites have a slightly percolating conductor configuration that exhibits non-Debye dielectric properties. Such composites are useful as microwave absorbers in vacuum electronic amplifiers, for suppressing spurious oscillations, and for bandwidth control. Four contributions to the dielectric response were observed and analyzed. These consist of a direct current conductivity contribution that is significant only at frequencies below 1 MHz, an irregular low-frequency relaxation, a strong non-Debye, high-frequency relaxation with its upper portions extending into the microwave regime, and an underlying, broadband loss consistent with a universal dielectric response. The microwave behavior is dominated by changes in the position, intensity, and Cole-Cole exponent of the high-frequency relaxation as the carbon content increases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM calamc@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 88 IS 8 BP 2133 EP 2142 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00432.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 950PR UT WOS:000230870000020 ER PT J AU David, I Kress, M AF David, I Kress, M TI No Overlap No Gap' and the attack of a linear target by n different weapons SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE military; hit-probabilities; target coverage; ring theory; air-ground operations AB David and Alalouf have specified the optimal aiming-points for Pattern Firing on a linear target by n identical munitions that are subject to systematic error only. Under the same distributional assumption on the error, namely, that its pdf is unimodal and symmetric around zero, we generalize these results to the case where the munitions ( weapons) vary in lethality. Combat situations to which this generalization applies are also discussed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Kress, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mkress@nps.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PUBLISHERS LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 56 IS 8 BP 993 EP 996 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601928 PG 4 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 941IE UT WOS:000230207700013 ER PT J AU Gaylis, FD Lin, DW Ignatoff, JM Amling, CL Tutrone, RF Cosgrove, DJ AF Gaylis, FD Lin, DW Ignatoff, JM Amling, CL Tutrone, RF Cosgrove, DJ TI Prostate cancer in men using testosterone supplementation SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; diagnosis; prostate-specific antigen; hypogonadism; testosterone ID LOW SERUM TESTOSTERONE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT; HYPOGONADAL MEN; OLDER MEN; CARCINOMA; RISKS; RECOMMENDATIONS; ESTROGEN AB Purpose: Although an association between testosterone supplementation and the development of prostate cancer is unproven, a recent increase in the use of this therapy has reopened the debate about its safety in men at risk for prostate cancer. To increase awareness of this risk, we report on a series of patients in whom clinically significant prostate cancer developed and was presumed to be related to exogenous testosterone use. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 6 urology practices were reviewed to identify men undergoing testosterone supplementation for sexual dysfunction or "rejuvenation" who were found to have prostate cancer after initiation of exogenous testosterone supplementation. Cases were analyzed to determine clinical and pathological parameters characterizing the presentation of prostate cancer. Results: A total of 20 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer after initiation of testosterone therapy. Prostate cancer was detected within 2 years of testosterone initiation in 11 men (55%) and from 28 months to 8 years in the remainder. The tumors were of moderate and high grade, being Gleason sum 6, 7 and 8 to 10 in 9 (45%), 6 (30%) and 5 (25%) men, respectively. Median serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration at diagnosis tended to be low at 5.1 ng/ml (range 1.1 to 329.0) and digital rectal examination generally proved more sensitive than PSA assays in detecting the cancer. Patients seen by nonurologist physicians were monitored less often for prostate cancer during testosterone use than those followed by urologists. Conclusions: Prostate cancer may become clinically apparent within months to a few years after the initiation of testosterone treatment. Digital rectal examination is particularly important in the detection of these cancers. Physicians prescribing testosterone supplementation and patients receiving it should be cognizant of this risk, and serum PSA testing and digital rectal examination should be performed frequently during treatment. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Med, Div Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Urol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Chesepeake Urol Associates, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gaylis, FD (reprint author), San Diego Ctr Urol Care, 8851 Ctr Dr,Suite 501, La Mesa, CA 91942 USA. EM gaylisf@aol.com NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 174 IS 2 BP 534 EP 538 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000165166.36280.60 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 946WP UT WOS:000230604300036 PM 16006887 ER PT J AU Langenstroer, P Kramer, B Cutting, B Amling, C Poultan, T Lance, R Thrasher, JB AF Langenstroer, P Kramer, B Cutting, B Amling, C Poultan, T Lance, R Thrasher, JB TI Parenteral medroxyprogesterone for the management of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone induced hot flashes in men with advanced prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; goserelin; hot flashes; medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate ID MEGESTROL-ACETATE; MEDICAL CASTRATION; FLUSHES; CARCINOMA; PREVALENCE; ESTROGEN; THERAPY AB Purpose: Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist therapy for advanced prostate cancer can manifest significant side effects affecting quality of life, most notably hot flashes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of parenteral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in reducing the frequency and severity of these hot flashes. Materials and Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective review of hot flashes from LHRH therapy for prostate cancer was conducted. The hot flashes were quantified and the severity was graded (3-point analogue scale) before and after treatment with MPA. Two doses of MPA (400 or 150 mg intramuscularly) were administered. Statistical analysis (Student's t test) evaluated the quantity of hot flashes, the quality of hot flashes, and dose effectiveness. Results: A total of 48 men (40 at 400 mg, 8 at 150 mg) with a mean age of 71.4 years (range 54 to 87) from 3 institutions were evaluated. There were 91% with symptomatic improvement with MPA, and half (46%) had a complete response defined as total elimination of hot flashes. The median number of the hot flashes per day decreased from 4 to 1 and the median severity score decreased from 2 to 1 (p < 0.05). Significance was not achieved comparing the 2 doses. Complete responders were not noted with the 150 mg dose. Anticipated response to MPA did not correlate with the number or severity of the hot flashes. Conclusions: This study is the first multi-institutional evaluation of hot flashes demonstrating significant reduction in quantity and severity with MPA. Based on these data we now manage hot flashes associated with LHRH analogues with 400 mg of MPA. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Langenstroer, P (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM plang@mcw.edu NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 174 IS 2 BP 642 EP 645 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000165570.28635.4b PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 946WP UT WOS:000230604300064 PM 16006929 ER PT J AU Sturgill, WH Leach, BC Spolyar, MM Ross, EV AF Sturgill, WH Leach, BC Spolyar, MM Ross, EV TI Evaluation of a novel flash lamp system (FLS) incorporating optimal spectral filtration for the treatment of photoaging SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE intense pulsed light; photorejuvenation; photoaging ID INTENSE PULSED-LIGHT; PHOTODAMAGED SKIN; FACIAL SKIN; FACE; PHOTOREJUVENATION; REJUVENATION AB Background and Objectives: Improvement in photo-aging using laser and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) modalities is well documented in the literature. We report a prospective study evaluating the safety and efficacy of a novel flash lamp IPL system incorporating a spectral filtration system designed to maximize improvement of facial dyschromias, telangiectases, and skin texture. The device was a prototype xenon flashlamp pulsed light. The novel features of this IPL device are the extended pulse duration and smooth temporal pulse profile. Study Design/Materials and Methods: We enrolled 23 patients (22 female, 1 male) of Fitzpatrick skin type I-IV with evidence of photoaging (lentigenes, ephelides, telangiectases, rhytides). Each patient underwent test sites on their back to establish safe treatment parameters. Using treatment fluences of 20-37 j/cm(2), each patient was given 2-4 full-face treatments separated by 3-4 weeks. Results: Test sites revealed that shorter wavelength filters and shorter pulse durations increased the risk of epidermal injury. Objective assessment by evaluation of pre and post treatment photographs of the face showed an average improvement of 53% in hyperpigmentation, 39% in telangiectases, and 8% in wrinkles. There were no significant adverse effects. Conclusions: The novel flash lamp IPL system in this study was safe and effective in reducing vascular and pig- ment dyschromias in patients with skin types I through IV. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Sturgill, WH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM whsturgill@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 37 IS 2 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1002/lsm.20197 PG 6 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 961DT UT WOS:000231642800002 PM 16037968 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Forest, MG Zheng, XY Wang, Q Lipton, R AF Zhou, H Forest, MG Zheng, XY Wang, Q Lipton, R TI Extension-enhanced conductivity of liquid crystalline polymer nano-composites SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference of Times of Polymers - TOP CY JUN 20-23, 2004 CL Ischia, ITALY DE conductivity; fibers; homogenization; liquid crystal polymers; nano-composites ID FIBERS; MODELS; FLOW AB Our aim here is to predict elongational flow-induced enhancements in thermal or electrical conductivity of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) nano-composites. To do so, we combine two classical mathematical asymptotic analyses: slender longwave hydro-thermo-dynamics for fibers and exact analysis of pure elongation of LCPs in solvents for bulk phases without boundary effects; and homogenization theory for effective properties of low volume-fraction spheroidal inclusions. Two implications follow: elongational flow dominates fiber free surface and thermal effects on electrical and thermal conductivity enhancements; and, there appears to be no sacrifice in enhancements by producing much higher radius, bulk fibers. C1 Univ N Carolina, Program Appl Math, Inst Adv Mat Nanosci & Technol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Math, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Forest, MG (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Program Appl Math, Inst Adv Mat Nanosci & Technol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM forest@amath.unc.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 228 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1002/masy.200551007 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 969SW UT WOS:000232256000008 ER PT J AU Rowenhorst, DJ Voorhees, PW AF Rowenhorst, DJ Voorhees, PW TI Measurements of the grain boundary energy and anisotropy in tin SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; SOLID-LIQUID MIXTURES; HIGH-VOLUME FRACTION; 001 TWIST BOUNDARIES; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; INTERFACIAL ENERGIES; MISORIENTATION; MAGNESIA; ORIENTATION AB The three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of the triple junction formed between two solid Sn-rich particles and a Pb-rich liquid matrix is used to measure the interfacial energy and its anisotropy for individual grain boundaries. The anisotropy is determined using a Cahn-Hoffman capillarity vector analysis of the energy balance at a triple junction. The absolute solid-solid gain boundary energy for each individual boundary is then determined by using the known value for the solid-liquid energy. A total of 136 boundaries are analyzed, with 46 of them forming grain boundaries. The remaining boundaries are found to be wetted boundaries with thin-liquid films formed between the two particles. A correlation between the low interfacial energy and the probability of occurrence for that disorientation is also observed. We also show that the anisotropy, as quantified by the magnitude of the torque term, is a significant portion of the total interfacial energy, especially for low energy boundaries. The degree of twist vs tilt of the boundaries is also analyzed. As expected, there are more tilt boundaries within the system than twist boundaries and most of the low energy boundaries have a mixed tilt-twist character. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Rowenhorst, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM p-voorhees@northwestem.edu RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36A IS 8 BP 2127 EP 2135 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0333-7 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 949OQ UT WOS:000230798400015 ER PT J AU Ray, J Senior, K AF Ray, J Senior, K TI Geodetic techniques for time and frequency comparisons using GPS phase and code measurements SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; CARRIER-PHASE AB We review the development and status of GPS geodetic methods for high-precision global time and frequency comparisons. A comprehensive view is taken, including hardware effects in the transmitting satellites and tracking receiver stations, data analysis and interpretation, and comparisons with independent results. Other GPS techniques rely on single-frequency data and/or assume cancellation of most systematic errors using differences between simultaneous observations. By applying the full observation modelling of modem geodesy to dual-frequency observations of GPS carrier phase and pseudorange, the precision of timing comparisons can be improved from the level of several nanoseconds to near 100 ps. For an averaging interval of one day, we infer a limiting Allan deviation of about 1.4 x 10(-15) for the GPS geodetic technique. The accuracy of time comparisons is set by the ability to calibrate the absolute instrumental delays through the GPS receiver and antenna chain, currently about 3 ns. Geodetic clock measurements are available for most of the major timing laboratories, as well as for many other tracking stations and the satellites, via the routine products of the International GPS Service. C1 NOAA, NNGS6, US Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP NOAA, NNGS6, US Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 55 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/4/005 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 967FS UT WOS:000232077500007 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA LaRoche, JR Bassim, ND Eddy, CR AF Mastro, MA LaRoche, JR Bassim, ND Eddy, CR TI Simulation on the effect of non-uniform strain from the passivation layer on AlGaN/GaN HEMT SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE high electron mobility transistors; PECVD; passivation layer; GaN strain ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; EDGE-INDUCED STRESS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; GAN; PERFORMANCE; RELAXATION; DEFECTS; DEVICES; TRAPS AB High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) based on the III-nitride material system have attracted interest for high-frequency electronic components operating at high-power levels. Nitride based HEMTs can achieve power, bandwidth and efficiency levels that exceed the performance of Si, GaAs or SiC based devices. At present, a major limitation of nitride HEMTs is their failure to achieve reliability on par with Si-LDMOS or GaAs pHEMT devices. The development of SiNx passivation layers have largely mitigated the gate lag effect, however, this passivation layer introduces an additional strain that forms a non-uniform polarization induced charge. Furthermore, this excess strain can locally relax the film eliminating the piezoelectric induced charge in addition to forming defects that act as electron traps. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon Semicond, Lexington, MA USA. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 36 IS 8 BP 705 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.121 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 959CD UT WOS:000231493600004 ER PT J AU Stein, KJ Claborn, DM AF Stein, KJ Claborn, DM TI Telephonic survey of surveillance and control procedures for the mosquito vectors of West Nile virus near naval installations in the eastern United States SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPETENCE; CULEX AB Surveillance and control procedures for the mosquito vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) and other arboviruses are described in response plans that vary among states. To ensure that naval installations in the eastern United States follow WNV response plan criteria similar to those of their host states, we conducted a telephone survey of 25 personnel who directed surveillance and control procedures in areas near these installations. For adult mosquito surveillance, 76% of respondents used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps baited with dry ice; 68% of respondents used these and baited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gravid traps. We report a summary of the mosquito species that were most problematic among states. In the eastern United States, these species have tested positive for WNV and some have been reported as potential vectors of WNV and other arboviruses. Among respondents, numerical thresholds or the presence of WNV-positive mosquito pools facilitated decision-making (i.e., whether to increase surveillance or to initiate control procedures). The presence of mosquito larvae, abiotic variables, and historical databases were also important. Reports of dead birds and human serology data were used by 92% and 64% of respondents, respectively. Adult control was accomplished with synthetic pyrethroids; larvae were controlled with microbial insecticides and growth regulators. Geographic information systems and public awareness/education were used by 60% and 88% of respondents, respectively. We discuss our results in light of response plan variability and implications for the future. C1 USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Stein, KJ (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, POB 43,Bldg 937,Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 170 IS 8 BP 658 EP 662 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JP UT WOS:000235831700005 PM 16173204 ER PT J AU Carlton, JR Manos, GH Van Slyke, JA AF Carlton, JR Manos, GH Van Slyke, JA TI Anxiety and abnormal eating behaviors associated with cyclical readiness testing in a Naval hospital active duty population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 156th Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association CY MAY 17-22, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID CONTRIBUTING FACTORS; DISORDER BEHAVIORS; BULIMIA-NERVOSA; PREVALENCE; MEN; COMMUNITY; OBESITY; WOMEN; RISK; PROGRAMS AB Studies of abnormal eating behaviors in active duty military personal have found rates similar to or higher than the general population. We have reviewed these studies and extended the research to examine abnormal eating behaviors in a heterogeneous population at a major military medical center. We found high rates of body dissatisfaction, abnormal eating behaviors, and worry about passing the semiannual personal fitness assessment in both men and women. Abnormal eating behaviors were associated with worrying about the personal fitness assessment, and these measures were associated with body mass index and gender. Our data extend previous research indicating that cyclic or external pressure to maintain body weight within specified standards can produce unsafe eating and dieting behaviors. We recommend changes to the current system to incorporate treatment programs aimed at recognizing and treating eating disorders with a goal of producing more fit and healthy service members. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Rota 09645, Spain. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Carlton, JR (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Mental Hlth, Rota 09645, Spain. EM jrcarlton@rota.med.navy.mil NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 170 IS 8 BP 663 EP 667 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JP UT WOS:000235831700006 PM 16173205 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CH Cook, JH Poole, DR Brunson, CL Jones, DE AF Kennedy, CH Cook, JH Poole, DR Brunson, CL Jones, DE TI Review of the first year of an overseas military gambling treatment program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS; SCREEN SOGS AB This study provides descriptive information and preliminary first-year outcome data on the only overseas military gambling treatment option currently available. Implemented in January 2003 within the Substance Abuse Rehabilitation Program, U.S. Naval Hospital, Okinawa, Japan, gambling treatment was developed as a specific track within the overall substance abuse program. The present study explores the various considerations and requirements for setting up such a program, as well as a description of individuals seeking gambling treatment and preliminary outcome data. Participants consisted of all gambling referrals (N=35, 26 males; mean age, 33.2 years; SD=8.93) obtained over the first year that gambling services were offered. A significant degree of depression, suicidality, and substance abuse problems were observed in the sample. Results revealed that the gambling program was easily implemented within an established substance abuse program. The program was effective in preventing suicides in both military members and eligible beneficiaries and was effective in facilitating the retention of military members with gambling problems. C1 USN Hosp, Subst Abuse Rehabil Program, FPO, AP 96362 USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Kennedy, CH (reprint author), Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, POB 800203, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 170 IS 8 BP 683 EP 687 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JP UT WOS:000235831700010 PM 16173209 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Crouch, JL Thomsen, CJ Guimond, J Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Crouch, JL Thomsen, CJ Guimond, J Milner, JS TI Perpetration of severe intimate partner violence: Premilitary and second year of service rates SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AGGRESSION AB A longitudinal design was used to compare rates of severe intimate partner violence (SIPV) perpetration during the year before enlistment and the second year of service in a sample of 542 female and 421 male Navy personnel. Overall, 11% reported perpetration of SIPV during the year before service. Premilitary SIPV perpetration rates were significantly higher for women (20%) than for men (4%). After 2 years of service, the overall percentage reporting past-year perpetration of SIPV increased slightly (14%, compared with a premilitary rate of 11%). The patterns of changes in rates of SIPV perpetration varied for men and women. Across time, SIPV perpetration increased among men (from 4% to 16%) and decreased among women (from 20% to 12%). Respondents who were female, younger, and minority reported higher rates of premilitary SIPV perpetration. No demographic factors were associated with reports of SIPV perpetration during the second year. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Guimond, Jennifer/0000-0002-8887-5885 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 170 IS 8 BP 705 EP 709 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JP UT WOS:000235831700015 PM 16173214 ER PT J AU Sacci, JB Ribeiro, JMC Huang, FY Alam, U Russell, JA Blair, PL Witney, A Carucci, DJ Azad, AF Aguiar, JC AF Sacci, JB Ribeiro, JMC Huang, FY Alam, U Russell, JA Blair, PL Witney, A Carucci, DJ Azad, AF Aguiar, JC TI Transcriptional analysis of in vivo Plasmodium yoelii liver stage gene expression SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liver stage; Plasmodium yoelii; in vivo; cDNA library ID LIFE-CYCLE; MALARIA ANTIGENS; GENOME SEQUENCE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; FALCIPARUM; SPOROZOITE; PROTEIN; DATABASE; IDENTIFICATION; HEPATOCYTES AB The transcriptional repertoire of the in vivo liver stage of Plasmodium has remained largely unidentified and seemingly not amenable to traditional molecular analysis because of the small number of parasites and large number of uninfected hepatocytes. We have overcome this obstruction by utilizing laser capture microdissection to provide a high quality source of parasite mRNA for the construction of a liver stage cDNA library. Sequencing and annotation of this library demonstrated expression of 623 different Plasmodium yoelii genes during development in the hepatocyte. Of these genes, 25% appear to be unique to the liver stage. This is the first comprehensive analysis of in vivo gene expression undertaken for the liver stage of P. yoelii, and provides insights into the differential expression of P. yoelii genes during this critical stage of development. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NIH, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, London SW17 0RE, England. RP Sacci, JB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jsacc001@umaryland.edu OI Witney, Adam/0000-0003-4561-7170; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 FU PHS HHS [R01 A1 47445] NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 142 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.03.018 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 947ZY UT WOS:000230687000005 PM 15876462 ER PT J AU Askelson, MA Pauley, PM Straka, JM AF Askelson, MA Pauley, PM Straka, JM TI Response functions for arbitrary weight functions and data distributions. Part II: Response function derivation and verification SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME; SUCCESSIVE CORRECTIONS; INTERPOLATION; COMPUTATION; DISCRETE; IMPACT AB Distance-dependent weighted averaging (DDWA) is a process that is fundamental to most of the objective analysis schemes that are used in meteorology. Despite its ubiquity, aspects of its effects are still poorly understood. This is especially true for the most typical situation of observations that are discrete, bounded, and irregularly distributed. To facilitate understanding of the effects of DDWA schemes, a framework that enables the determination of response functions for arbitrary weight functions and data distributions is developed. An essential element of this approach is the equivalent analysis, which is a hypothetical analysis that is produced by using, throughout the analysis domain, the same weight function and data distribution that apply at the point where the response function is desired. This artifice enables the derivation of the response function by way of the convolution theorem. Although this approach requires a bit more effort than an alternative one, the reward is additional insight into the impacts of DDWA analyses. An important insight gained through this approach is the exact nature of the DDWA response function. For DDWA schemes the response function is the complex conjugate of the normalized Fourier transform of the effective weight function. In facilitating this result, this approach affords a better understanding of which elements (weight functions, data distributions, normalization factors, etc.) affect response functions and how they interact to do so. Tests of the response function for continuous, bounded data and discrete, irregularly distributed data verify the validity of the response functions obtained herein. They also reinforce previous findings regarding the dependence of response functions on analysis location and the impacts of data boundaries and irregular data spacing. Interpretation of the response function in terms of amplitude and phase modulations is illustrated using examples. Inclusion of phase shift information is important in the evaluation of DDWA schemes when they are applied to situations that may produce significant phase shifts. These situations include those where data boundaries influence the analysis value and where data are irregularly distributed. By illustrating the attendant movement, or shift, of data, phase shift information also provides an elegant interpretation of extrapolation. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Askelson, MA (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, POB 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM askelson@aero.und.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2132 EP 2147 DI 10.1175/MWR2963.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TM UT WOS:000231250500002 ER PT J AU Nachamkin, JE Chen, S Schmidt, J AF Nachamkin, JE Chen, S Schmidt, J TI Evaluation of heavy precipitation forecasts using composite-based methods: A distributions-oriented approach SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE; VERIFICATION; PREDICTION; ORGANIZATION; SYSTEMS; MODELS; ERRORS AB Numerical forecasts of heavy warm-season precipitation events are verified using simple composite collection techniques. Various sampling methods and statistical measures are employed to evaluate the general characteristics of the precipitation forecasts. High natural variability is investigated in terms of its effects on the relevance of the resultant statistics. Natural variability decreases the ability of a verification scheme to discriminate between systematic and random error. The effects of natural variability can be mitigated by compositing multiple events with similar properties. However, considerable sample variance is inevitable because of the extreme diversity of mesoscale precipitation structures. The results indicate that forecasts of heavy precipitation were often correct in that heavy precipitation was observed relatively close to the predicted area. However, many heavy events were missed due in part to the poor prediction of convection. Targeted composites of the missed events indicate that a large percentage of the poor forecasts were dominated by convectively parameterized precipitation. Further results indicate that a systematic northward bias in the predicted precipitation maxima is related to the deficits in the prediction of subsynoptically forced convection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nachamkin, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nachamkin@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2163 EP 2177 DI 10.1175/MWR2975.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TM UT WOS:000231250500004 ER PT J AU Langland, RH AF Langland, RH TI Observation impact during the North Atlantic TReC-2003 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY AB An adjoint-based method is used to calculate the impact of observation data on a measure of short-range forecast error in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) during November and December 2003. The evaluated observations include all regular satellite and in situ data assimilated in the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) at 1800 UTC, and also targeted dropsonde profiles provided by the North Atlantic Observing-System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Regional Campaign (NA-TReC) field program. Commerical aircraft observations account for 46 % of the total forecast error reduction by observations in the NA-TReC domain, which includes the North Atlantic and adjacent regions of North America and Europe. Targeted dropsonde data have high impact per observation, but the impact of all dropsonde data is less than 2 % of the total during the 2-month study period. Eight of 12 targeted dropsonde cases reduce forecast error. The percent of total impact for other observations assimilated at 1800 UTC in the NA-TReC domain is as follows: Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiances (16 %), satellite winds (14 %), land surface data (9 %), radiosondes (8 %), and ship-surface data (5 %). If observations over the entire global domain are evaluated, the largest impact of data provided at 1800 UTC during November and December 2003 is provided by AMSU-A radiance data (48 % of total). C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Langland, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM langland@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 7 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 133 IS 8 BP 2297 EP 2309 DI 10.1175/MWR2978.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955TM UT WOS:000231250500012 ER PT J AU Hu, BH Yang, CH Yang, MJ AF Hu, BH Yang, CH Yang, MJ TI On-demand single-photon source using a nanoscale metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitor SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRON; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; DOTS AB We propose an on-demand single-photon source for quantum cryptography using a metal-insulator-semiconductor quantum dot capacitor structure. The main component in the semiconductor is a p-doped quantum well, and the cylindrical gate under consideration is only nanometres in diameter. As in conventional metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, our system can also be biased into the inversion regime. However, due to the small gate area, at the onset of inversion there are only a few electrons residing in a quantum dot. In addition, because of the strong size quantization and large Coulomb energy, the number of electrons can be precisely controlled by the gate voltage. After holding just one electron in the inversion layer, the capacitor is quickly biased back to the flat-band condition, and the subsequent radiative recombination across the bandgap results in single-photon emission. We present numerical simulation results of a semiconductor heterojunction and discuss the merits of this single-photon source. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG PY 2005 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1354 EP 1357 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/8/062 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 957YX UT WOS:000231410600062 ER PT J AU Ayres, A Johnson, TRB AF Ayres, A Johnson, TRB TI Management of multiple pregnancy: Prenatal care - Part I SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Article ID PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE; BIRTH-WEIGHT DISCORDANCE; SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; TWIN PREGNANCY; GESTATIONAL-AGE; UNITED-STATES; 2ND-TRIMESTER AMNIOCENTESIS; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; MULTIFETAL PREGNANCY; PERINATAL-MORTALITY AB Over the past 20 years, the number and rate of multiple births have dramatically increased in the United States. The rise in multiple births is mainly attributable to the increased use of ovulation-inducing drugs and the newly developed assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization. Multifetal gestation is associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Multiple births account for an increasing percentage of low-birth-weight infants, preterm births, and infant mortality. In this section, we address the management of the multifetal pregnancy, focusing on the maternal physiology, the diagnosis, the pregnancy outcomes, and the antenatal management of multiple gestation. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the effects of the rising rate of multiple pregnancies on perinatal morbidity and mortality, to recall the complications of diagnosing and treating abnormalities of multiple pregnancies, and to list the many changes that occur in both the mother and the fetuses in multiple pregnancies. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept OB GYN, MFM Div, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ayres, A (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept OB GYN, MFM Div, 1657 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. EM mfmayres@cox.net NR 84 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 60 IS 8 BP 527 EP 537 DI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000172088.29348.e4 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 952ZY UT WOS:000231046400002 PM 16056011 ER PT J AU Ayres, A Johnson, TRB AF Ayres, A Johnson, TRB TI Management of multiple pregnancy: Prenatal care - Part II SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Article ID TWIN TRANSFUSION SYNDROME; OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS-POLYHYDRAMNIOS SEQUENCE; SINGLE INTRAUTERINE DEATH; SELECTIVE TERMINATION; MONOCHORIONIC TWINS; LASER COAGULATION; BRAIN-DAMAGE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL-DEATH; ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS AB Over the past 20 years, the number and rate of multiple births have dramatically increased In the United States. The rise in multiple births is mainly attributable to the increased use of ovulation-inducing drugs and the newly developed assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization. Multifetal gestation is associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Multiple births account for an increasing percentage of low-birth-weight infants, preterm births, and infant mortality. In this article, the unique complications of multiple gestation and their management are reviewed. Also, selective termination and multifetal reduction in multiple gestation are discussed. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the effects of the rising rate of multiple pregnancies on perinatal morbidity and mortality, to recall the complications of diagnosing and treating abnormalities of multiple pregnancies, to list the multiple severe complications associated with multiple gestations, and to describe the difficulty in managing these complications. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, MFM Div, Dept OB GYN, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ayres, A (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, MFM Div, Dept OB GYN, 1657 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. EM mfmayres@cox.net NR 77 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 60 IS 8 BP 538 EP 549 DI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000172089.04828.d4 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 952ZY UT WOS:000231046400003 PM 16056012 ER PT J AU Ayres, A Johnson, TRB AF Ayres, A Johnson, TRB TI Management of multiple pregnancy: Labor and delivery SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Article ID 2ND TWIN; CESAREAN-SECTION; INTRAPARTUM MANAGEMENT; BREECH PRESENTATION; EXTERNAL VERSION; VAGINAL DELIVERY; GESTATIONS; EXTRACTION AB Over the past 20 years, the number and rate of multiple births have dramatically increased in the United States. The rise in multiple births is mainly attributable to the Increased use of ovulation. inducing drugs and the newly developed assisted reproductive technologies such as In vitro fertilization. Multifetal gestation is associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Multiple births account for an increasing percentage of low-birth-weight infants, preterm births, and infant mortality. In this article, the management of the labor and delivery of multiple gestation are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the mode of delivery of twin and triplet pregnancies. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the effects of the rising rate of multiple pregnancies on perinatal morbidity and mortality, to recall the complications of diagnosing and treating abnormalities of multiple pregnancies and to list the different safe options in managing labor in a multiple gestation. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, MFM Div, Dept OB GYN, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ayres, A (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, MFM Div, Dept OB GYN, 1657 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. EM mfmayres@cox.net NR 23 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 60 IS 8 BP 550 EP 554 DI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000172090.87912.23 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 952ZY UT WOS:000231046400004 PM 16056013 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, PM TI Growth and decay of shock. and acceleration waves in a traffic flow model with relaxation SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE shock and acceleration waves; finite-time blow-up; kinematic waves; Maxwell-Cattaneo law; traveling wave solution ID HEAT WAVES; MEDIA AB The usual Ficken-based constitutive relation for traffic flux is replaced with one based on the Maxwell-Cattaneo model. The resulting flux law, which now takes into account the reaction time of driver and vehicle, results in a second-order, hyperbolic generalization of Burgers' equation as the PDE governing the traffic density. An analytical study of this equation is presented with an emphasis on shock and related kinematic wave phenomena. Specifically, the exact traveling wave solution (TWS) is derived and it is shown that shock formation is possible only if the diffusivity is non-vanishing. Using singular surface theory, exact amplitude expressions for both shock and acceleration waves are obtained and their temporal evolution determined. The exact upper bound of the reaction time parameter is established and connections between singular surface and TWS results are noted. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD AUG 1 PY 2005 VL 207 IS 3-4 BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2005.06.002 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 949TK UT WOS:000230810800004 ER PT J AU Ooi, CHR Beadie, G Kattawar, GW Reintjes, JF Rostovtsev, Y Zubairy, MS Scully, MO AF Ooi, CHR Beadie, G Kattawar, GW Reintjes, JF Rostovtsev, Y Zubairy, MS Scully, MO TI Theory of femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman backscattering enhanced by quantum coherence for standoff detection of bacterial spores SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; DIPICOLINIC ACID; LIGHT-PULSES; LASER-PULSES; FAST CARS; GENERATION; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS AB Backscattered signal of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy can be an extremely useful tool for remote identification of airborne particles, provided the signal is sufficiently large. We formulate a semiclassical theory of nonlinear scattering to estimate the number of detectable photons from a bacterial spore at a distance. For the first time, the theory incorporates enhanced quantum coherence via femtosecond pulses and a nonlinear process into the classical scattering problem. Our result shows a large backscattered signal in the far field, using typical parameters of an anthrax spore with maximally prepared vibrational coherence. Using train pulses of 1 kHz of repetition rate each with energy of 10 mJ, we estimate that about 10(7) photons can be detected by a 1 m diameter detector placed 1 km away from the spore in the backward scattering direction. The result shows the feasibility of developing a real time remote detection of hazardous microparticles in the atmosphere, particularly biopathogenic spores. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ooi, CHR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Ooi, C. H. Raymond /B-9461-2010 OI Ooi, C. H. Raymond /0000-0003-1084-5501 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 023807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.023807 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200179 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW AF Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW TI Classical statistics inherent in a quantum density matrix SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION; ENTANGLEMENT AB A density-matrix formulation of classical bipartite correlations is constructed. This leads to an understanding of the appearance of classical statistical correlations intertwined with the quantum correlations as well as a physical underpinning of these correlations. As a by-product of this analysis, a physical basis of the classical statistical correlations leading to additive entropy in a bipartite system discussed recently by Tsallis emerges as inherent classical spin fluctuations. It is found that in this example, the quantum correlations shrink the region of additivity in phase space. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 022322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.022322 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200054 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS AF Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS TI Matrix-element distributions as a signature of entanglement generation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RANDOM UNITARY MATRICES; CHARACTERISTIC VECTORS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; BORDERED MATRICES; QUANTUM STATES; SYSTEMS; TRANSFORMATION; LOCALIZATION; ENSEMBLES; BEHAVIOR AB We explore connections between an operator's matrix-element distribution and its entanglement generation. Operators with matrix-element distributions similar to those of random matrices generate states of high multipartite entanglement. This occurs even when other statistical properties of the operators do not coincide with random matrices. Similarly, operators with some statistical properties of random matrices may not exhibit random matrix element distributions and will not produce states with high levels of multipartite entanglement. Finally, we show that operators with similar matrix-element distributions generate similar amounts of entanglement. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weinstein, YS (reprint author), MITRE, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. EM weinstein@mitre.org; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 022331 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.022331 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200063 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS Levy, J AF Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS Levy, J TI Quantum-dot cluster-state computing with encoded qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DECOHERENCE; COMPUTATION AB A class of architectures is advanced for cluster-state quantum computation using quantum dots. These architectures include using single and multiple dots as logical qubits. Special attention is given to supercoherent qubits introduced by Bacon [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 247902 (2001)] for which we discuss the effects of various errors and present a means of error protection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Weinstein, YS (reprint author), MITRE, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. EM weinstein@mitre.org; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil; jlevy@pitt.edu RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013; Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 29 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 020304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.020304 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200005 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS AF Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS TI Energetic suppression of decoherence in exchange-only quantum computation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREE SUBSPACES; GATES; DOTS AB Universal quantum computation requiring only the Heisenberg exchange interaction and suppressing decoherence via an energy gap is presented. The combination of an always-on exchange interaction between the three physical qubits comprising the encoded qubit and a global magnetic field generates an energy gap between the subspace of interest and all other states. This energy gap suppresses decoherence. Always-on exchange couplings greatly simplify hardware specifications and the implementation of inter-logical-qubit gates. A controlled phase gate can be implemented using only three Heisenberg exchange operations all of which can be performed simultaneously. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weinstein, YS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weinstein@mitre.org; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 022319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.022319 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 960BC UT WOS:000231564200051 ER PT J AU Feng, SM Elson, JM Overfelt, PL AF Feng, SM Elson, JM Overfelt, PL TI Transparent photonic band in metallodielectric nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDE; GAP STRUCTURES; DENSITY; FINITE AB Under certain conditions, a transparent photonic band can be designed into a one-dimensional metallodielectric nanofilm structure. Unlike conventional pass bands in photonic crystals, where the finite thickness of the structure affects the transmission of electromagnetic fields having frequency within the pass band, the properties of the transparent band are almost unaffected by the finite thickness of the structure. In other words, an incident field at a frequency within the transparent band exhibits 100% transmission independent of the number of periods of the structure. The transparent photonic band corresponds to excitation of pure eigenstate modes across the entire Bloch band in structures possessing mirror symmetry. The conditions to create these modes and thereby to lead to a totally transparent band phenomenon are discussed. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Feng, SM (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 8 AR 085117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085117 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BG UT WOS:000231564600042 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT AF Halterman, K Valls, OT TI Nanoscale ferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagnet switches controlled by magnetization orientation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS AB We study clean ferromagnet-superconductor-ferromagnet (FSF) nanostructures in which the magnetization of the F layers can be parallel (P) or antiparallel (AP). We consider the case where the thickness of the S layer is of order of the coherence length, with thinner F layers. We find that reversing the direction of the magnetization in one of the F layers can lead to drastic changes in the superconductor's state. Under a wide variety of conditions, the AP geometry favors superconductivity. Magnetization reversal in one of the F layers can lead to the superconductivity turning on and off, or to switching between different states. Our results are obtained via the self-consistent solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations and evaluation of the condensation energies of the system. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil; otvalls@umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 060514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.060514 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BE UT WOS:000231564400030 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Elson, JM Singh, S AF Halterman, K Elson, JM Singh, S TI Plasmonic resonances and electromagnetic forces between coupled silver nanowires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METALLIC NANOWIRES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES AB We compute the electromagnetic response and corresponding forces between two silver nanowires. The wires are illuminated by a plane wave which has the electric field vector perpendicular to the axis of the wires, insuring that plasmonic resonances can be excited. We consider a nontrivial square cross section geometry that has dimensions on the order of 0.1 lambda, where lambda is the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic field. We find that due to the plasmonic resonance, there occurs great enhancement of the direct and mutual electromagnetic forces that are exerted on the nanowires. The Lippman-Schwinger volume integral equation is implemented to obtain solutions to Maxwell's equations for various lambda and separation distances between wires. The forces are computed using Maxwell's stress tensor and numerical results are shown for both on and off resonant conditions. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Elect Engn, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 7 AR 075429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.075429 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BF UT WOS:000231564500182 ER PT J AU Pawlus, S Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Pawlus, S Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Hydrogen bonding and secondary relaxations in propylene glycol trimer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMERS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; DIELECTRIC LOSS; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS AB Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was employed to study the behavior of propylene glycol trimer (Tri-PPG). Measurements for different conditions of temperature and pressure allowed the effect hydrogen bonds on the complicated relaxation behavior to be clarified. We find that both the alpha and beta processes are affected by changes in the degree of hydrogen bonding, an indication of their correlation and consistent with their intermolecular character. On the other hand, the faster gamma process is relatively unaffected by hydrogen bonding. To corroborate this interpretation, the H-bonding was altered by mixing the Tri-PPG with water. The behavior of the mixture was very similar to that of neat Tri-PPG under high pressure. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 AR 064201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.064201 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 960BE UT WOS:000231564400053 ER PT J AU Dykman, MI Schwartz, IB Shapiro, M AF Dykman, MI Schwartz, IB Shapiro, M TI Scaling in activated escape of underdamped systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VOLTAGE STATE; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; JOSEPHSON JUNCTION; STABLE STATES; FLUCTUATIONS; BIFURCATIONS; TRANSITIONS; OSCILLATOR; PARTICLE; FIELD AB Noise-induced escape from a metastable state of a dynamical system is studied close to a saddle-node bifurcation point, but in the region where the system remains underdamped. The activation energy of escape scales as a power of the distance to the bifurcation point. We find two types of scaling and the corresponding critical exponents. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Dykman, MI (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 AR 021102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.021102 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 960BA UT WOS:000231564000008 PM 16196541 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR Henoch, C Hrubes, JD Semenov, BN Amirov, AI Kulik, VM Malyuga, AG Choi, KS Escudier, MP AF Bandyopadhyay, PR Henoch, C Hrubes, JD Semenov, BN Amirov, AI Kulik, VM Malyuga, AG Choi, KS Escudier, MP TI Experiments on the effects of aging on compliant coating drag reduction SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW AB We report the experimental results from a collaborative effort between USA, Russia, and UK on the development of compliant coatings for undersea application of reduction of drag. The focus is on "shelf-life" of coatings. The coatings are based on a linear interference theory of interaction between turbulence pressure fluctuation and the viscoelastic coating. The phase shift between boundary displacement and pressure fluctuation embodies the interference effect. The natural frequency of the coating is matched to the turbulent boundary layer region of maximum Reynolds stress production. Low-molecular weight rubber-like silicone coatings have been manufactured whose properties include slow and fast damping, slow and fast aging, and varying magnitudes of elasticity, density, and thickness as well as transparency. The dynamic modulus and loss tangent vary weakly over a range of frequencies and temperature allowing compatibility with broad spectrum of turbulence. Drag measurements have been carried out over a year by the three teams in their water tunnels independently of identical coated models. We show that, with some exceptions, drag reduction generally deteriorates with the age of the coatings. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Kutateladze Inst Thermophys, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Nottingham, Sch Mech Mat & Mfg Engn, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM bandyopadhyaypr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 2005 VL 17 IS 8 AR 085104 DI 10.1063/1.2008997 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 957RW UT WOS:000231392000029 ER PT J AU Meeker, B AF Meeker, B TI Comments on the culture of the force SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. RP Meeker, B (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. EM meekerdb@rain.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2005 VL 58 IS 8 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 951NI UT WOS:000230937000011 ER PT J AU Tuzzolino, AJ Economou, TE McKibben, RB Simpson, JA BenZvi, S Blackburn, L Voss, HD Gursky, H AF Tuzzolino, AJ Economou, TE McKibben, RB Simpson, JA BenZvi, S Blackburn, L Voss, HD Gursky, H TI Final results from the space dust (SPADUS) instrument flown aboard the earth-orbiting ARGOS spacecraft SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE space debris; cosmic dust; SPADUS; PVDF detectors; TOF spectrometer AB In this paper, we present the final report of the data obtained from the Space Dust (SPADUS) instrument on the Earth-orbiting Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). The University of Chicago's SPADUS instrument on the US Air Force's Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite has been operating in a nearly polar orbit, at an altitude of approximately 850 km, since soon after its launch on day 54, 1999 (23 February) until termination of the SPADUS operations on day 248, 2001 (5 September). The instrument consists of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) dust trajectory system, which includes two planar arrays of PVDF sensors (a total of 16 sensors per array) separated by 20.25 cm to provide time of flight (TOF) measurements. The trajectory system measures dust particle flux, mass distribution, velocity and trajectory. The instrument also includes the SPADUS Ancillary Diagnostic Sensor (ADS) subsystem, which measured energetic charged particles (electrons, protons, etc). The PVDF dust trajectory system detected a total of 368 dust impacts over the SPADUS live-time interval of 739 days, yielding an average particle flux of 0.50 impacts/day. Of these 368 impacts, 35 were D1-D2 type events-where particles impacted and penetrated a D1 sensor, then impacted a D2 rear array sensor-allowing for time-of-flight measurements. Of the 35 D1-D2 impacts on SPADUS, we identified 19 D1-D2 impacts yielding TOF values. Of these 19 events, 14 were ambiguous (either bound or interplanetary) and 5 were unambiguous interplanetary impacts. Examples of particle orbits for debris particles as well as D1-D2 impacts are detailed. We also describe transient particle streams detected by the SPADUS trajectory system, resulting from the passage of ARGOS through streams of debris particles in Earth orbit. One of the streams was shown to result from detection by SPADUS of the debris generated by the explosion of a Chinese booster rocket. The SPADUS flight data accumulated over the 30-month mission shows that PVDF-based dust instruments utilizing two planar arrays of PVDF dust sensors in a TOF arrangement-can provide useful measurements of particle velocity, mass distribution, flux, trajectory and particle orbital elements. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Taylor Univ, Upland, IN USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Economou, TE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM tecon@tecon.uchicago.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 53 IS 9 BP 903 EP 923 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2005.03.008 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 943SN UT WOS:000230374700004 ER PT J AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, M TI Historical overview of research in reconfigurable flight control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE reconfigurable control; intelligent control; adaptive control; aircraft control ID CONTROL-SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB This article presents a historical overview of research in reconfigurable flight control. For the purpose of this article, the term 'reconfigurable flight control' is used to refer to software algorithms designed specifically to compensate for failures or damage of flight control effectors or lifting surfaces, using the remaining effectors to generate compensating forces and moments. This article will discuss initial research and flight testing of approaches based on explicit fault detection, isolation, and estimation, as well as later approaches based on continuously adaptive and intelligent control algorithms. In addition, approaches for trajectory reshaping of an impaired aircraft with reconfigurable inner loop control laws will be briefly discussed. Finally, there will be some discussion on current implementations of reconfigurable control to improve safety on production and flight test aircraft and remaining challenges to enable broader use of the technology, such as the difficulties of flight certification of these types of approaches. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 91 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 EI 2041-3025 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 219 IS G4 BP 263 EP 275 DI 10.1243/095441005X30379 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 988DO UT WOS:000233572000002 ER PT J AU Avino, S Calloni, E Baker, JT Barone, F DeRosa, R DiFiore, L Milano, L Restaino, SR AF Avino, S Calloni, E Baker, JT Barone, F DeRosa, R DiFiore, L Milano, L Restaino, SR TI First adaptive optics control of laser beam based on interferometric phase-front detection SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ALIGNMENT SYSTEM; FLUCTUATIONS AB We present an adaptive optics (AO) system for the control of geometrical fluctuations in a laser beam based on the interferometric detection of phase front. By comparison with the usual Shack-Hartmann and phase diversity based AO systems, we show that this technique is of particular interest when high sensitivity and high bandpass are required for correction of small perturbations like, for instance, the control of the input laser beam of gravitational waves interferometric detectors. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. INFN, Sez Napoli, Naples, Italy. Boeing LTS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Studi Salerno, Dipartimento Sci Farmaceut, Salerno, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Avino, S (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia,Complesso Univ Monte Sant Angelo, Naples, Italy. OI Avino, Saverio/0000-0001-6623-9784; calloni, enrico/0000-0003-4819-3297; Milano, Leopoldo/0000-0001-9487-5876 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 76 IS 8 AR 083119 DI 10.1063/1.2010625 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 956CN UT WOS:000231276600020 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Hammett, M Asher, L Philbin, N Rice, J Dong, F Pearce, B Flournoy, WS Nicholson, C McCarron, R Freilich, I AF Arnaud, F Hammett, M Asher, L Philbin, N Rice, J Dong, F Pearce, B Flournoy, WS Nicholson, C McCarron, R Freilich, I TI Effects of bovine polymerized hemoglobin on coagulation in controlled hemorrhagic shock in swine SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE blood substitutes; hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers; trauma; coagulopathy; resuscitation ID CARDIAC-SURGERY; TRAUMA PATIENTS; OXYGEN CARRIER; COMBAT INJURY; LIVER-INJURY; IN-VITRO; COAGULOPATHY; MODEL; RESUSCITATION; SEQUESTRATION AB HBOC-201, a bovine polymerized hemoglobin, has been proposed as a novel oxygen-carrying resuscitative fluid for patients with hemorrhagic shock (HS). Herein, we evaluated the hemostatic effects of HBOC-201 in an animal model of HS. A 40% blood loss-controlled hemorrhage and soft tissue injury were performed in 24 invasively monitored Yucatan mini-pigs. Pigs were resuscitated with HBOC-201 (HBOC) or hydroxyethyl starch (HEX), or were not resuscitated (NON) based on cardiac parameters during a 4-h prehospital phase. Afterward, animals received simulated hospital care for 3 days with blood or saline transfusions. Hemostasis measurements included in vivo bleeding time (BT), thromboelastography (TEG), in vitro bleeding time (platelet function; PFA-CT), prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Serum lactate was measured and lung sections were evaluated for microthrombi by electron microscopy. During the prehospital phase, BT remained unchanged in the HBOC group. TEG reaction time increased in HBOC pigs during the late prehospital phase and was greater than in NON or HEX pigs at 24 h (P= 0.03). TEG maximum amplitude was similar for the two fluid-resuscitated groups. PFA-CT increased in both resuscitated groups but less with HBOC (P = 0.02) in the prehospital phase; this effect was reversed by 24 h (P= 0.02). In the hospital phase, PT decreased (P< 0.02), whereas PTT increased above baseline (P < 0.01). Lactic acidosis in HBOC and HEX groups was similar. Aspartate aminotransferase was relatively elevated in the HBOC group at 24 h. Electron microscopy showed no evidence of platelet/fibrin clots or microthrombi in any of the animals. Twenty-four-hour group differences mainly reflected the fact that all HEX animals (8/8) received blood transfusions compared with only one HBOC animal (1/8). In swine with HS, HBOC resuscitation induced less thrombopathy than HEX during the prehospital phase. Mild delayed effects on platelet and clot formation during the hospital phase are transient and likely related to fewer blood transfusions. In swine with HS, HBOC resuscitation induced less thrombopathy than HEX during the prehospital phase but more thrombopathy in the hospital phase. The delayed effects on platelet and clot formation during the hospital phase are transient and may be related to the need for fewer blood transfusions. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, RMD Hematomimet Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. NICHHD, NIH, Natl Ctr Med Rehabil Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Arnaud, F (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, RMD Hematomimet Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM arnaudf@nmrc.navy.mil NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1097/01.shk.0000170354.18437.2f PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 952SV UT WOS:000231026700008 PM 16044085 ER PT J AU Wanebo, JE AF Wanebo, JE TI Cerebral revascularization SO SKULL BASE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Dept Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Wanebo, JE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Dept Neurosci, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 201, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM JEWanebo@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Wanebo, John/0000-0003-1833-2938 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1531-5010 J9 SKULL BASE-INTERD AP JI Skull Base-Interdiscip. Appr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 173 EP 173 DI 10.1055/s-2005-915642 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 959XJ UT WOS:000231552400006 PM 16175227 ER PT J AU Wanebo, JE Amin-Hanjani, S Boyd, C Peery, T AF Wanebo, JE Amin-Hanjani, S Boyd, C Peery, T TI Assessing success after cerebral revascularization for ischemia SO SKULL BASE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH LA English DT Review ID EXTRACRANIAL-INTRACRANIAL BYPASS; CAROTID-ARTERY OCCLUSION; CEREBROVASCULAR RESERVE CAPACITY; EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; LONG-TERM EVALUATION; STA-MCA BYPASS; BLOOD-FLOW; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS; REPEATABLE BATTERY; ACETAZOLAMIDE TEST AB Cerebral revascularization continues to evolve as an option in the setting of ischemia. The potential to favorably influence stroke risk and the natural history of cerebrovascular occlusive disease is being evaluated by the ongoing Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study and the Japanese Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Trial. For those patients who undergo bypass in the setting of ischemia, four key areas of follow-up include functional neurological status, neurocognitive status, bypass patency, and status of cerebral blood flow and perfusion. Several stroke scales that can be used to assess functional status include the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Bathel Index, Modified Rankin Scale, and Stroke Specific Quality of Life. Neurocognition can be checked using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, among other tests. Bypass patency is checked intraoperatively using various flow probes and postoperatively using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Cerebral blood flow and perfusion can be assessed using a host of modalities that include positron emission tomography (PET), xenon CT, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), transcranial Doppler (TCD), CT, and MR. Paired blood flow studies after a cerebral vasodilatory stimulus using one of these modalities can determine the state of autoregulatory vasodilation (Stage 1 hemodynamic compromise). However, only PET with oxygen extraction fraction measurements can reliably assess for Stage 2 compromise (misery perfusion). This article discusses the various clinical, neuropsychological, and radiographic techniques available to assess a patient's clinical state and cerebral blood flow before and after cerebral revascularization. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Div Neurosurg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. St Josephs Hosp, Barrow Neurol Inst, Div Neurol Surg, Phoenix, AZ USA. Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Neurosurg, Chicago, IL USA. RP Wanebo, JE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Div Neurosurg, 34730 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 201, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM JEWanebo@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Wanebo, John/0000-0003-1833-2938 NR 89 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1531-5010 J9 SKULL BASE-INTERD AP JI Skull Base-Interdiscip. Appr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1055/s-2005-872597 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 959XJ UT WOS:000231552400010 PM 16175231 ER PT J AU Johnson, TE Wanebo, JE Bayles, SW Liu, CY AF Johnson, TE Wanebo, JE Bayles, SW Liu, CY TI Graft harvesting for revascularization in the head and neck SO SKULL BASE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH LA English DT Review DE radial artery; saphenous vein; graft; endoscopic harvest; microvascular ID CORONARY-ARTERY-BYPASS; INTERNAL CAROTID-ARTERY; RADIAL-ARTERY; SKULL BASE; CEREBRAL REVASCULARIZATION; HARMONIC SCALPEL(R); TECHNICAL NOTE; VEIN GRAFTS; HAND; ANEURYSMS AB The techniques for revascularization in the neurocranium, skull base, and neck continue to evolve at an exciting pace. In this body of literature, however, techniques for harvesting radial artery and saphenous vein grafts are mainly reported using traditional open techniques. Minimally invasive procedures are fast becoming an alternative to open techniques in many fields and have the potential to become the standard of care. The cardiovascular literature is replete with reports of endoscopically harvested vascular grafts. This article reviews both methods, since the current state of the art involves knowledge of open and endoscopic harvesting techniques. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Div Neurosurg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Virginia Mason Seattle Main Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Seattle, WA USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Johnson, TE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM tejohnson@nmcsd.med.navy.mil OI Wanebo, John/0000-0003-1833-2938 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1531-5010 J9 SKULL BASE-INTERD AP JI Skull Base-Interdiscip. Appr. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1055/s-2005-872599 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 959XJ UT WOS:000231552400012 PM 16175233 ER PT J AU Thorp, O Ruzzene, M Baz, A AF Thorp, O Ruzzene, M Baz, A TI Attenuation of wave propagation in fluid-loaded shells with periodic shunted piezoelectric rings SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; FORMULATION; VIBRATION AB The vibration and the sound radiation of cylindrical shells are analyzed and controlled. Shunted piezoelectric rings are placed periodically along the shell length to act as sources of impedance mismatch. The resulting periodic structure features a behavior which is characterized by frequency bands,,stop bands', where the vibrations are attenuated and wave propagation is impeded. The location and the width of the stop bands are controlled by the impedance mismatch introduced along the structure. In the considered configuration, the stop bands can be tuned by proper selection of the shunting circuit. A finite element model is developed to predict the structural response and the acoustic radiation of the considered class of shells. The model accounts for the presence of the rings and for the effect of the shunting parameters on the behavior of the structure. The developed model is used to estimate the frequency response function of the shell and to formulate the transfer matrix for the considered periodic structure. The transfer matrix determines the nature of wave propagation and in particular can be used to estimate the stop bands. The presented results show the effectiveness of the proposed concept when the rings are shunted through a resistive-inductive circuit. The considered shunting strategy is able to generate an additional stop band at the tuning frequency. The location of the stop band is unaffected by the presence of the fluid loading, which demonstrates the robustness of the considered vibration control treatment with respect to significant structural modifications. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN Acad, Engn & Weapons Div, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Thorp, O (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM massimo.ruzzene@aerospace.gatech.edu NR 23 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 594 EP 604 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/14/4/018 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 958OV UT WOS:000231458500018 ER PT J AU Lean, J Rottman, G Harder, J Kopp, G AF Lean, J Rottman, G Harder, J Kopp, G TI SORCE contributions to new understanding of global change and solar variability SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PAST 1000 YEARS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; JULY-AUGUST; CYCLE; MODEL; MODULATION; SIGNAL AB An array of empirical evidence in the space era, and in the past, suggests that climate responds to solar activity. The response mechanisms are thought to be some combination of direct surface heating, indirect processes involving UV radiation and the stratosphere, and modulation of internal climate system oscillations. A quantitative physical description is, as yet, lacking to explain the empirical evidence in terms of the known magnitude of solar radiative output changes and of climate sensitivity to these changes. Reproducing solar-induced decadal climate change requires faster and larger responses than general circulation models allow. Nor is the indirect climatic impact of solar-induced stratospheric change adequately understood, in part because of uncertainties in the vertical coupling of the stratosphere and troposphere. Accounting for solar effects on pre-industrial surface temperatures requires larger irradiance variations than present in the contemporary database, but evidence for significant secular irradiance change is ambiguous. Essential for future progress are reliable, extended observations of the solar radiative output changes that produce climate forcing. Twenty-five years after the beginning of continuous monitoring of the Sun's total radiative output, the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) commences a new generation of solar irradiance measurements with much expanded capabilities. Relative to historical solar observations SORCE monitors both total and spectral irradiance with significantly reduced uncertainty and increased repeatability, especially on long time scales. Spectral coverage expands beyond UV wavelengths to encompass the visible and near-IR regions that dominate the Sun's radiative output. The space-based irradiance record, augmented now with the spectrum of the changes, facilitates improved characterization of magnetic sources of irradiance variability, and the detection of additional mechanisms. This understanding provides a scientific basis for estimating past and future irradiance variations, needed for detecting and predicting climate change. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 85 TC 159 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 230 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-1527-2 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 991FH UT WOS:000233797200004 ER PT J AU Xu, L Rosmond, T Daley, R AF Xu, L Rosmond, T Daley, R TI Development of NAVDAS-AR: formulation and initial tests of the linear problem SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL; INVERSE AB A 4-D implementation of an observation space variational data assimilation system is under development at the Marine Meteorology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The system is an extension of the current US Navy 3-D operational data assimilation system, the NRL Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS). The new system, NAVDAS-AR, where AR stands for accelerated representer, is similar in many respects to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 4DVAR system. However, NAVDAS-AR is based on a weak constraint observation space, while the ECMWF system is based on a strong constraint model space. In this paper the formulation of NAVDAS-AR is described in detail and preliminary results with a perfect model assumption and comparisons with the operational NAVDAS are presented. C1 USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, L (reprint author), USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM xu@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 57 IS 4 BP 546 EP 559 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2005.00123.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 946LE UT WOS:000230572900003 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Sampson, CR DeMaria, M AF Knaff, JA Sampson, CR DeMaria, M TI An operational statistical typhoon intensity prediction scheme for the Western North Pacific SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TROUGH; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; MODEL; HURRICANES; ATLANTIC; OCEAN; CLIMATOLOGY; PERSISTENCE AB The current version of the Statistical Typhoon Intensity Prediction Scheme (STIPS) used operationally at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to provide 12-hourly tropical cyclone intensity guidance through day 5 is documented. STIPS is a multiple linear regression model. It was developed using a "perfect prog" assumption and has a statistical-dynamical framework, which utilizes environmental information obtained from Navy Operational Global Analysis and Prediction System (NOGAPS) analyses and the JTWC historical best track for development. NOGAPS forecast fields are used in real time. A separate version of the model (decay-STIPS) is produced that accounts for the effects of landfall by using an empirical inland decay model. Despite their simplicity, STIPS and decay-STIPS produce skillful intensity forecasts through 4 days, based on a 48-storm verification (July 2003-October 2004). Details of this model's development and operational performance are presented. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospher, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospher, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM knaff@cira.colostate.edu RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 43 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 688 EP 699 DI 10.1175/WAF863.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 964VX UT WOS:000231910200020 ER PT J AU Patz, T Cristescu, R Narayan, R Menegazzo, N Mizaikoff, B Messersmith, PB Stamatin, I Mihailescu, L Chrisey, DB AF Patz, T Cristescu, R Narayan, R Menegazzo, N Mizaikoff, B Messersmith, PB Stamatin, I Mihailescu, L Chrisey, DB TI Processing of mussel-adhesive protein analog copolymer thin films by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Photo-Excited Processes and Applications CY SEP 05-09, 2004 CL Lecce, ITALY DE mussel-adhesive protein; matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation ID MARINE-MUSSEL; POLYMER; BIOADHESION; SURFACES; DOPA AB We have demonstrated the successful thin film growth of a mussel-adhesive protein analog, DOPA-modified PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer PF127, using matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). The MAPLE-deposited thin films were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact-angle measurements. We have found that the main functional groups of the mussel-adhesive protein analog are present in the transferred film. These adhesive materials have several potential electronic, medical, and marine applications. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Robert R McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, POB MG-36, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. EM rodica@ifin.nipne.ro RI Messersmith, Phil/B-6695-2009; Messersmith, Phillip/F-3433-2013; Mizaikoff, Boris/G-9959-2013; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; OI Mizaikoff, Boris/0000-0002-5583-7962; Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 248 IS 1-4 BP 416 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.03.056 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 943AZ UT WOS:000230325400082 ER PT J AU Stamatin, L Cristescu, R Socol, G Moldovan, A Mihalescu, D Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB AF Stamatin, L Cristescu, R Socol, G Moldovan, A Mihalescu, D Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB TI Laser deposition of fibrinogen blood proteins thin films by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Photo-Excited Processes and Applications CY SEP 05-09, 2004 CL Lecce, ITALY DE fibrinogen; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation ID ABLATION; POLYMER AB We report the first successful deposition of fibrinogen blood protein thin films by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation using a KrF* excimer laser. We have demonstrate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that our thin films are composed of fibrinogen and fibrin maintaining their chemical structures. FTIR spectra, atomic force microscopy (AFM) micrographs and fibrinogen concentration depend on the laser fluence. The best results for fibrinogen deposition were obtained using lower fluences. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. Longhin Scarlat DermatoVenerol, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, 409 Atomistilor,POB MG-36, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania. EM rodica@ifin.nipne.ro RI Socol, Gabriel/A-5405-2011; Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Moldovan, Antoniu/I-8411-2012; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; OI Socol, Gabriel/0000-0002-1992-7346; Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180 NR 11 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 248 IS 1-4 BP 422 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.03.060 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 943AZ UT WOS:000230325400083 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E AF Feldman, U Landi, E TI On the sources of fast and slow solar wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR CORONAL HOLE; UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; EMISSION-LINE SPECTRUM; X 10(5) K; TRANSITION REGION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TEMPERATURE REGION; SOHO MISSION; QUIET-SUN AB [1] The slow speed solar wind as measured at the Earth orbit and beyond is characterized by its velocity of similar or equal to 400 km s(-1), by its coronal composition and by its frozen-in temperature ( from carbon charge-states) of 1.4 - 1.6 x 10(6) K. In contrast the fast speed solar wind is characterized by its velocity of similar or equal to 750 km s(-1), its nearly photospheric composition and its frozen-in temperature of similar or equal to 8 x 10(5) K. The solar wind is believed to originate very close to the solar surface, but since it is accelerated significantly above the solar surface, its velocity cannot be correlated with remote observations to trace its origin. In contrast, elemental abundances and freeze-in temperatures can be used as tracers for locating the sources from which the slow and fast solar winds emerge. By comparing remote observations with properties of the solar wind observed in situ, the most likely structures from which solar wind plasmas emerge can be identified. In the present paper we review the current understanding of the morphological features present in the solar upper atmosphere and their physical properties such as electron temperature, electron density and elemental abundances. In addition, we discuss these observations in the context of recent theories describing the emergence of new magnetic flux to power the solar wind, and more traditional models that treat the background field and solar wind as a steady phenomenon. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott city, MD USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM feldman@nrl.navy.mil; landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 68 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A7 AR A07109 DI 10.1029/2004JA010918 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 951QJ UT WOS:000230945200001 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI Temporal and spatial variation of the drag coefficient of a developing sea under steady wind-forcing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL CONDITIONS; SURFACE-WAVES; STRESS; PARAMETERIZATION; ROUGHNESS; DEPENDENCE; STATE; AGE AB [1] Field data indicate convincingly that the drag coefficient of the ocean surface is sea-state dependent. As a result, under steady forcing by a constant wind velocity the wind stress on the ocean surface varies with time. It also varies with space if the wave development is limited by fetch. A quantitative estimation of the temporal and spatial variation of the wind stress produced by a constant wind velocity is presented. The method of computation combines the duration- or fetch-limited growth functions of wind-generated waves and the similarity relation of the ocean-surface drag coefficient derived from wavelength scaling. The only required input is the wind speed. The results indicate that the average momentum flux from atmosphere to ocean is much larger ( about 50 to 100 percent higher, and especially for shorter wind events) in comparison with calculations using the drag coefficient or dynamic roughness formulated either without the wave parameters or based on steady state wave conditions. C1 USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 29 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C7 AR C07024 DI 10.1029/2005JC002912 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 951PM UT WOS:000230942800003 ER PT J AU Burr, DH Rollins, D Lee, LH Pattarini, DL Walz, SS Tian, JH Pace, JL Bourgeois, AL Walker, RI AF Burr, DH Rollins, D Lee, LH Pattarini, DL Walz, SS Tian, JH Pace, JL Bourgeois, AL Walker, RI TI Prevention of disease in ferrets fed an inactivated whole cell Campylobacter jejuni vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; vaccine; diarrhea ID INFECTION; MODEL; ENTERITIS; COLONIZATION; THAILAND; IMMUNITY; CHILDREN AB Ferrets were used to demonstrate the potential of a killed whole cell vaccine prepared from Campylobacter jejuni to protect against disease. C jejuni strain 81-176 was grown in BHI broth, formalin-fixed, and resuspended in PBS to a concentration of 10(10) cells per ml. This vaccine (CWC) or live organisms were delivered orally with a nasogastric tube into anesthetized animals treated to reduce gastric acidity and intestinal motility. When 5 x 10(10) CFU of the vaccine strain (Lior serotype 5) or one of two other serotypes, CGL-7 (Lior 4) or BT44 (Lior 9), was used to challenge the ferrets, all of the animals developed a mucoid diarrhea. If the animals had been challenged with 5 x 109 CFU of the homologous strain I month before challenge with 10(10) CFU, 80-100% protection against disease was seen. This protection was also obtained after an initial exposure to the 81-176 strain followed by challenge with either of the heterologous strains. CWC was used to see if protection demonstrated with the live organisms could be produced with the non-living preparation. When 10(9) cells of CWC was given as two doses 7 days apart with or without 25 mu g of a coadministered mucosal adjuvant, LTR192G, only 40-60% of the animals were protected. If the regimen was changed to four doses given 48 h apart, 80% of the animals were free of diarrhea after subsequent challenge. Increasing the number of cells in the four dose regimen to 10(10) cells did not improve protection. Animals given four doses of 10(10) cells combined with LTR192G were subsequently challenged with 10(10) cells of the homologous strain or the heterologous strain CGL-7. The CWC protected against both strains. Serum IgG antibody titers determined by ELISA showed little increase following the CWC four dose vaccination regimen, compared to animals given one dose of the live organism. On subsequent challenge, however, both CWC vaccinated and live-challenged ferrets showed comparable antibody titer increases above those obtained following the initial challenge or vaccination. Western blots were used to show that the immunodominant antigen in vaccinated animals was a 45 kDa protein, while in ferrets challenged with live organisms the immunodominant antigen was a 62 kDa protein. These data show that the CWC can be used to protect against disease caused by Campylobacter. They also show that protection and serum IgG responses do not depend upon the use of the mucosal adjuvant and that cross protection among some of the major serotypes of Campylobacter responsible for human disease is possible. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US FDA, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Antex Biol, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. RP Walker, RI (reprint author), US FDA, Div Bacterial Parasit & Allergen Prod, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM-425, Rockville, MD 20851 USA. EM walkerri@cber.fda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 29 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 34 BP 4315 EP 4321 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.038 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 951RG UT WOS:000230947600005 PM 16005742 ER PT J AU Ding, K Lu, Y Nikolovska-Coleska, Z Qiu, S Ding, YS Gao, W Stuckey, J Krajewski, K Roller, PP Tomita, Y Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Wang, SM AF Ding, K Lu, Y Nikolovska-Coleska, Z Qiu, S Ding, YS Gao, W Stuckey, J Krajewski, K Roller, PP Tomita, Y Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Wang, SM TI Structure-based design of potent non-peptide MDM2 inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID P53; ANTAGONISTS C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Med Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Comprehens Canc Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Life Sci Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NCI, Lab Med Chem, NIH, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Lombardi Canc Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, SM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shaomeng@umich.edu RI Wang, Shaomeng/E-9686-2010; Ding, Yousong/F-2629-2010; Ding, Ke/B-3257-2010; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; ding, ke/0000-0001-8167-0476; Ding, Ke/0000-0001-9016-812X NR 9 TC 353 Z9 361 U1 10 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 27 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 29 BP 10130 EP 10131 DI 10.1021/ja051147z PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 948FF UT WOS:000230700700004 PM 16028899 ER PT J AU Garcia, JC Haegel, NM Zagorski, EA AF Garcia, JC Haegel, NM Zagorski, EA TI Alternate operating mode for long wavelength blocked impurity band detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED ASTRONOMY; CONDUCTION; FIELD AB Numerical modeling demonstrates an alternate bias mode for blocked impurity band (BIB) detectors that can reduce growth constraints on the high purity blocking layer. Initiating depletion from the contact on the active layer (the opposite of conventional operation) significantly reduces the large electric field and resultant voltage drop in the blocking layer. Electric field profiles are presented to show that the alternate bias allows for growth of significantly thicker blocking layers. This could be applied to produce modified BIB devices in far-infrared materials (lambda > 40 mu m) where growth issues associated with the blocking layer have prohibited conventional operation. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Fairfield Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. RP Garcia, JC (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nmhaegel@nps.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 4 AR 043502 DI 10.1063/1.1999022 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 948OP UT WOS:000230725900064 ER PT J AU Ribas-Arino, J Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Ribas-Arino, J Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Density-functional study of two Fe-4-based single-molecule magnets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION; CLUSTERS; COMPLEX; ANISOTROPY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; APPROXIMATION; RELAXATION; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL; BARRIER AB We present the results of our all-electron density-functional calculations on the electronic structure and magnetic anisotropy energy of the [Fe-4(OMe)(6)(dpm)(6)] and [Fe-4(thme)(2)(dpm)(6)] molecular clusters, which are experimentally found to behave as single-molecule magnets. The calculated magnetic anisotropy energy barriers are 2.65 and 15.8 K, respectively, which agree with the experimental data. We also present a density-functional study on the effect of the structure distortions on the magnetic anisotropy of the [Fe(H2O)(6)](3+) complex. This study, together with an analysis of the projected anisotropies of each iron ion in both molecular clusters, allows us to qualitatively understand why the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) barrier of the second single-molecule magnet (SMM) is larger than the MAE of the first SMM. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Barcelona, Fac Quim, Dept Quim Fis, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Barcelona, CER Quim Teor, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Code 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baruah@dave.nrl.navy.mil; pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Ribas, Jordi/G-8076-2011 OI Ribas, Jordi/0000-0003-4088-6187 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 4 AR 044303 DI 10.1063/1.1961367 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 952GK UT WOS:000230991800017 PM 16095354 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Holmes, JM AF Dermer, CD Holmes, JM TI Cosmic rays from gamma-ray bursts in the galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrobiology; cosmic rays; gamma rays : bursts ID MILKY-WAY; OZONE DEPLETION; LIFE AB The rate of terrestrial irradiation events by Galactic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is estimated using recent standard-energy results. We assume that GRBs accelerate high-energy cosmic rays, and we present results of three-dimensional simulations of cosmic rays moving in the Galactic magnetic field and diffusing through pitch-angle scattering. An on-axis GRB extinction event begins with a powerful prompt gamma-ray and neutron pulse, followed by a longer lived phase from cosmic-ray protons and neutron-decay protons that diffuse toward Earth. Our results force a reinterpretation of reported similar to 10(18) eV cosmic-ray anisotropies and offer a rigorous test of the model in which high-energy cosmic rays originate from GRBs, and this model will soon be tested using the Auger Observatory. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1086/432663 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 948MU UT WOS:000230720800006 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX Warburton, T AF Giraldo, FX Warburton, T TI A nodal triangle-based spectral element method for the shallow water equations on the sphere SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dubiner; electrostatics; Fekete; finite element; icosahedron; Jacobi; Koornwinder; Lagrange; platonic solids; polynomial; proriol; quadrilateral; spherical geometry ID MONOMIAL CUBATURE RULES; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; GALERKIN METHODS; GEODESIC GRIDS; COMPILATION; STROUD; MODEL AB A nodal triangle-based spectral element (SE) method for the shallow water equations on the sphere is presented. The original SE method uses quadrilateral elements and high-order nodal Lagrange polynomials, constructed from a tensor-product of the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto points. In this work, we construct the high-order Lagrange polynomials directly on the triangle using nodal sets obtained from the electrostatics principle [J.S. Hesthaven, From electrostatics to almost optimal nodal sets for polynomial interpolation in a simplex, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 35 (1998) 655-676] and Fekete points [M.A. Taylor, B.A. Wingate, R.E. Vincent, An algorithm for computing Fekete points in the triangle, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 38 (2000) 1707-1720]. These points have good approximation properties and far better Lebesgue constants than any other nodal set derived for the triangle. By employing triangular elements as the basic building-blocks of the SE method and the Cartesian coordinate form of the equations, we can use any grid imaginable including adaptive unstructured grids. Results for six test cases are presented to confirm the accuracy and stability of the method. The results show that the triangle-based SE method yields the expected exponential convergence and that it can be more accurate than the quadrilateral-based SE method even while using 30-60% fewer grid points especially when adaptive grids are used to align the grid with the flow direction. However, at the moment, the quadrilateral-based SE method is twice as fast as the triangle-based SE method because the latter does not yield a diagonal mass matrix. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giraldo@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Warburton, Timothy/A-7685-2009; OI Warburton, Timothy/0000-0002-3202-1151 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 207 IS 1 BP 129 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.01.004 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 931WF UT WOS:000229515500007 ER PT J AU Ramp, SR Paduan, JD Shulman, I Kindle, J Bahr, FL Chavez, F AF Ramp, SR Paduan, JD Shulman, I Kindle, J Bahr, FL Chavez, F TI Observations of upwelling and relaxation events in the northern Monterey Bay during August 2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST; SURFACE CURRENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; POINT SUR; OCEAN; UNDERCURRENT; VARIABILITY; SLOPE; WIND; FLOW AB [1] The interplay between the Point Ano Nuevo upwelling center, an offshore anticyclonic mesoscale eddy, and the waters of the Monterey Bay was studied during a series of up- and downwelling favorable wind events during August 2000. The upwelling events were characterized by the appearance of cold, salty water at Point Ano Nuevo at the north end of the bay that subsequently spread southward across the mouth of the bay as the winds continued. During the downwelling/ relaxation events, the surface current and temperature response was dominated by the onshore translation of the offshore eddy and by local surface heating in the bay itself. The circulation within the bay was cyclonic during both wind regimes but slightly more barotropic under poleward forcing. The ICON model, a nested, data assimilating, sigma coordinate model, was used to simulate the upwelling and relaxation events and calculate the subsurface current and density fields. The model reproduced the dominant current and temperature patterns outside the bay, including the southward flowing upwelling filament, the movement of the offshore eddy, the poleward flow off Point Sur, and the circulation within the bay. The model salinity fields at the surface and 100 m levels show that during upwelling, the bay was filled with higher-salinity water stemming from the Point Ano Nuevo upwelling center to the north. During downwelling, the source water for both the surface and 100 m levels was the colder, fresher California Current water offshore, which had advected southward well past Point Pinos during the previous upwelling event. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Ramp, SR (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sramp@nps.edu NR 39 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C7 AR C07013 DI 10.1029/2004JC002538 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 951GX UT WOS:000230918600002 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Ren, T Parish, DA Trammell, SA Moore, MH Kushmerick, JG Xu, GL Deschamps, JR Pollack, SK Shashidhar, R AF Blum, AS Ren, T Parish, DA Trammell, SA Moore, MH Kushmerick, JG Xu, GL Deschamps, JR Pollack, SK Shashidhar, R TI Ru-2(ap)(4)(sigma-oligo(phenyleneethynyl)) molecular wires: Synthesis and electronic characterization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MOLECULES; CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPORT; TERMINI; LIGAND C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; tren@miami.edu RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 21 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 28 BP 10010 EP 10011 DI 10.1021/ja052604e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 947PG UT WOS:000230657900032 PM 16011359 ER PT J AU Kaplan, EH Kress, M AF Kaplan, EH Kress, M TI Operational effectiveness of suicide-bomber-detector schemes: A best-case analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE mathematical modeling; sensor detectors; suicide bombings ID EMERGENCY RESPONSE; ATTACK; ANTHRAX AB Standoff explosives-detection technologies allow, in principle, for the detection of pedestrian suicide bombers, although such sensors are not yet sufficiently affordable and reliable to justify widespread deployment. What if they were? Assuming the availability of cheap, perfectly sensitive and specific suicide-bomber-sensing devices, we analyze the operational effectiveness of sensor-based detector schemes in reducing casualties from random suicide-bombing attacks. We model the number of casualties resulting from pedestrian suicide bombings absent intervention, the reduction in casualties from alternative interventions, given timely detection of a suicide-bombing attack, and the probability of timely detection under best-case assumptions governing the performance of suicide-bomber-detector schemes in two different urban settings. Even under such optimistic assumptions, we find that the widespread deployment of suicide-bomber detectors will not reliably result in meaningful casualty reductions. Relaxing the best-case assumptions only makes matters worse. Investment in intelligence-gathering to prevent suicide bombers before they attack seems a wiser strategy than relying on sensor-based suicide-bomber-detector schemes. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kaplan, EH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Management, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM edward.kaplan@yale.edu NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 29 BP 10399 EP 10404 DI 10.1073/pnas.0500567102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 947SE UT WOS:000230665800073 PM 15998738 ER PT J AU Munge, B Liu, GD Collins, G Wang, J AF Munge, B Liu, GD Collins, G Wang, J TI Multiple enzyme layers on carbon nanotubes for electrochemical detection down to 80 DNA copies SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME P450(CAM); MULTILAYER FILMS; ELECTRODES; MYOGLOBIN AB Signal amplification using enzyme multilayers on carbon nanotube (CNI) templates is shown to yield a remarkably sensitive electrochemical detection of proteins and nucleic acids. The electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly onto CNT carriers maximizes the ratio of enzyme tags per binding event to offer the greatest amplification factor reported to date. Absorption spectroscopy, TEM, and electrochemical characterization confirm the formation of LBL enzyme nanostructures on individual CNT car-Tiers. The enzymatic activity is found to increase with the number of enzyme layers. The new protocol is illustrated for monitoring sandwich hybridization and antibody-antigen interactions in connection with alkaline phosphatase tracers. Factors affecting the enzyme loading and the analytical performance have been optimized. Such amplified bioelectronic assays allow detection of DNA and proteins down to 80 copies (5.4 aM) and 2000 protein molecules (67 aM), respectively. Given the enormous amplification afforded by the new CNT-LBL biolabel, such route offers great promise for ultrasensitive detection of infectious agents and disease markers. C1 Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM joseph.wang@asu.edu RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 FU PHS HHS [R01A 1056047-01] NR 24 TC 178 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 14 BP 4662 EP 4666 DI 10.1021/ac050132g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 945VL UT WOS:000230530300049 PM 16013886 ER PT J AU Cristescu, R Patz, T Narayan, RJ Menegazzo, N Mizaikoff, B Mihaiescu, DE Messersmith, PB Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB AF Cristescu, R Patz, T Narayan, RJ Menegazzo, N Mizaikoff, B Mihaiescu, DE Messersmith, PB Stamatin, I Mihailescu, IN Chrisey, DB TI Processing of mussel adhesive protein analog thin films by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE mussel adhesive protein; DOPA-polymer conjugates; MAPs analog thin films; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation ID MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; L-DOPA; DEPOSITION; POLYMER; BYSSUS; HYDROXYPROLINE; BIOADHESION; GLUE AB Mussel adhesive proteins are a new class of biologically-derived materials that possess unique biocompatibility, bioactivity, and adhesion properties. We have demonstrated successful thin film growth of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine modified poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (DOPA modified- PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer, a mussel adhesive protein analog, using matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation. We have demonstrated that the main functional groups of the mussel adhesive protein analog are present in the transferred film. The effect of increasing of chain length of the mussel adhesive protein analog on film structure was also examined. These novel polymer thin films could have numerous medical and technological applications if their thin film properties are similar to what is found in bulk. This is the first report of successful MAPLE deposition of this material as thin films. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, RO-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Agr Sci & Vet Med, Bucharest, Romania. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Robert R McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cristescu, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Lasers Plasma & Radiat Phys, POB MG-36, RO-76900 Bucharest, Romania. EM rodica@ifin.nipne.ro RI Messersmith, Phil/B-6695-2009; Mihailescu, Ion/A-5403-2011; Messersmith, Phillip/F-3433-2013; Mizaikoff, Boris/G-9959-2013; Cristescu, Rodica/F-1961-2010; Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/I-5523-2014; Stamatin, ioan/A-7948-2011; OI Mizaikoff, Boris/0000-0002-5583-7962; Cristescu, Rodica/0000-0002-3092-6168; Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869; Mihaiescu, Dan Eduard/0000-0001-9873-3912; stamatin, ioan/0000-0002-9168-7180 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-4 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.066 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 939UQ UT WOS:000230098300034 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Crum, NF AF Lederman, ER Crum, NF TI Klebsiella liver abscess: A coast-to-coast phenomenon SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM erlederman@yahoo.com NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 273 EP 273 DI 10.1086/431302 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 936YF UT WOS:000229890800028 PM 15983935 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Kirchoefer, SW Bellotti, JA Qadri, SB Pond, JM Haeni, JH Schlom, DG AF Chang, WT Kirchoefer, SW Bellotti, JA Qadri, SB Pond, JM Haeni, JH Schlom, DG TI In-plane anisotropy in the microwave dielectric properties of SrTiO3 films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; STRAINED SRTIO3 AB Microwave tunable dielectric properties of strained (001) SrTiO3 thin films epitaxially deposited on (110) DyScO3 substrates were studied for in-plane film orientations ([100], [010], [110], and [-110]). A significant in-plane anisotropy in dielectric constant and tuning was observed in these SrTiO3 films. The highest dielectric constant and tuning at room temperature are observed along the [010] direction of the SrTiO3 film (1000 A thick) (3500 and 70% at 1 V/mu m, respectively), the lowest ones are observed along the [100] direction (i.e., 2000 and 50% at 1 V/mu m, respectively). The dielectric constant and tuning along [-110] and [110] are about 2500 and 30% at 1 V/mu m, respectively, which are intermediary to those along the [010] and [100] directions. The dielectric Q(=1/tan delta) does not show any large difference for the four directions (i.e., Q similar to 10-20). Also, the phase-transition peak for the [-110] and [110] directions of the SrTiO3 film (300 A thick) is observed at 275 K, which is lower than that for the [010] and [100] directions. The observed in-plane anisotropic dielectric properties have been interpreted based on the phenomenological thermodynamics of film strain. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chang@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 AR 024107 DI 10.1063/1.1984074 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 951LJ UT WOS:000230931500074 ER PT J AU Chen, XB Huso, J Morrison, JL Bergman, L Purdy, AP AF Chen, XB Huso, J Morrison, JL Bergman, L Purdy, AP TI Temperature response and anharmonicity of the optical phonons in GaN nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DEPENDENCE; SILICON; SPECTRUM; DIAMOND; DECAY AB Anharmonic decay mechanisms of longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons in wurtzite-structured GaN nanowires were studied by temperature-dependent Raman scattering at the temperature range of 77-900 K. It was found that with increasing temperature, the LO-phonon linewidth increases and the Raman frequency decreases. The LO-linewidth behavior was analyzed in terms of the anharmonic effect of two- and three-phonon decay mechanisms. We found that for a temperature regime up to the Debye temperature similar to 830 K, the two-phonon decay contributes the major increase to the linewidth and the three-phonon decay mechanism is marginal. The Raman frequency was studied in terms of the anharmonic decay and the thermal expansion of the lattice. Our analysis indicates that the anharmonic interaction due to the two-phonon decay as well as the thermal-expansion contribution both need to be taken into consideration. Additionally, in analyzing the linewidth of the nanowires, a temperature-independent term, which usually is not included when analyzing bulk material, had to be considered. The temperature-independent term reflects the inhomogeneous nature of the crystallite ensemble. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bergman, L (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM lbergman@uidaho.edu RI Chen, Xiang-Bai/B-7052-2012 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 AR 026106 DI 10.1063/1.1968425 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 951LJ UT WOS:000230931500124 ER PT J AU Trajkov, E Prawer, S Butler, JE Hearne, SM AF Trajkov, E Prawer, S Butler, JE Hearne, SM TI Charge trap levels in sulfur-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond with applications to ultraviolet dosimetry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE DIAMOND; CVD-DIAMOND; CARBON-DISULFIDE; HYDROGEN; COMPLEXES; FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR; CONDUCTIVITY; GROWTH AB Electrically active defects and traps in sulfur-doped polycrystalline diamond films synthesized by microwave-assisted chemical-vapor deposition are evaluated using thermally stimulated conductivity measurements after ultraviolet (UV) illumination. The measurements are found to be consistent with the latest theoretical predictions for the role of sulfur dopants in diamond. The suitability of S-doped diamond as a UV dosimeter is discussed. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Microanalyt Res Ctr, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prawer, S (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Microanalyt Res Ctr, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM s.prawer@physics.unimelb.edu.au RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 2 AR 023704 DI 10.1063/1.1984079 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 951LJ UT WOS:000230931500044 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Sitar, Z AF Freitas, JA Sitar, Z TI Bulk nitride workshop - Preface SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil; sitar@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.04.026 PG 1 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 946NV UT WOS:000230580000001 ER PT J AU Feigelson, BN Henry, RL AF Feigelson, BN Henry, RL TI Growth of GaN crystals from molten solution with Ga free solvent using a temperature gradient SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors III CY SEP 04-09, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND DE solvents; growth from high temperature solutions; single crystal growth; GaN; nitrides ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; BULK GAN; PRESSURE AB GaN bulk crystals are grown at moderate temperature and pressure from solution using solid GaN as the feedstock. Gallium-free solvents composed of Li3N plus fluoride salts enable GaN feedstock to be dissolved and transported through the liquid phase then deposited in a cooler location within the crucible. Growth parameters are presented along with characterization data collected for resulting GaN crystals. As a preliminary result, single crystals 0.5 mm long with a rhombic cross section (0.1 mm across) have been grown. The long axis of the crystals is aligned with the r direction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Feigelson, BN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6882,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM borisf@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.03.050 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 946NV UT WOS:000230580000003 ER PT J AU Storm, DF Katzer, DS Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Xu, X McVey, DS Vaudo, RP Brandes, GR AF Storm, DF Katzer, DS Mittereder, JA Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Xu, X McVey, DS Vaudo, RP Brandes, GR TI Homoepitaxial growth of GaN and AlGaN/GaN heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy on freestanding HVPE gallium nitride for electronic device applications SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors III CY SEP 04-09, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND DE hydride vapor phase epitaxy; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting gallium compounds; high electron mobility transistors ID MOBILITY; MBE; SCATTERING AB We discuss the growth and characterization of homoepitaxial GaN layers and AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on freestanding n-GaN substrates. The GaN substrates were fabricated by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and exhibit low dislocation densities of similar to 10(7) cm(-2). The best MBE-grown homoepitaxial epilayers on these substrates were grown in the gallium droplet regime. Root-mean-square roughnesses of these layers were 3.5-4.0 angstrom over 5 x 5 mu m(2) regions. AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures were grown on these substrates and exhibit room-temperature Hall mobilities of 1920 cm(2)/V s at an electron sheet density of 0.9 x 10(13) cm(-2). Electrical isolation of the two-dimensional electron gas from the conductive substrate was accomplished using a Be:GaN buffer. HEMT devices were photolithographically defined and DC and RF device characteristics were measured. Off-state breakdown voltages of 90 V, saturated drain currents of nearly 700 mA/mm, and gate leakage currents of 0.07 mA/mm were observed on unpassivated devices. Preliminary results on RF performance and device reliability are presented and discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.03.009 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 946NV UT WOS:000230580000006 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA AF Freitas, JA TI Optical studies of bulk and homoepitaxial films of III-V nitride semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors III CY SEP 04-09, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND DE cathodolunimescence; excitons; phonons; photoluminescence; Raman; X-ray diffraction; homoepitaxial; AlN; GaN ID BAND-EDGE CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHASE EPITAXIAL GAN; ALN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; FABRICATION; DEVICES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB It is demonstrated that a combination of techniques can be conveniently employed to evaluate the crystalline quality, and to detect, identify, and verify the role of defects and impurities in the structural, optical, and electronic properties of thick freestanding GaN, bulk AlN, and homoepitaxial layers. The sharpness and line-shapes of X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering phonons of AlN and GaN were adequately used as figures of merit to evaluate the crystalline quality and homogeneity of the bulk substrates. Variable temperature photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence were successfully applied to obtain information about the nature of impurity and extended related defects and their pervasive character in bulk and thin homoepitaxial films of AlN and GaN fabricated by different techniques. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6877,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 1 BP 168 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.03.048 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 946NV UT WOS:000230580000024 ER PT J AU Silveira, E Freitas, JA Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ Kneissl, M Treat, DW Johnson, NM AF Silveira, E Freitas, JA Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ Kneissl, M Treat, DW Johnson, NM TI Depth-resolved cathodoluminescence of a homoepitaxial AlN thin film SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors III CY SEP 04-09, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND DE characterization; organometallic vapor phase epitaxy; nitrides; semiconducting aluminium compounds ID GAN; GROWTH; LAYERS AB In the present work we will report on the optical properties of an AlN film homoepitaxially grown on a high-quality large bulk AlN single crystal. The latter was grown by a sublimation-recondensation technique, while the film was grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy. Cathodoluminescence measurements were performed using electron beam energies between 2 and 10 keV in order to excite the sample and so to probe different sample depths, making it possible to differentiate between different features which originate in the AlN homoepitaxial film. The penetration depth has been determined through the calculation of the Bohr-Bethe maximum range of excitation using the approximation to the Everhart-Hoff expression for the energy loss within a solid. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Crystal IS Inc, Latham, NY 12110 USA. Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Silveira, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM edilson@fisica.ufpr.br RI Kneissl, Michael/B-9682-2012 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 281 IS 1 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.03.024 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 946NV UT WOS:000230580000026 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS AF Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS TI Entanglement generation of nearly random operators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM UNITARY MATRICES; QUANTUM STATES; SYSTEMS; CHAOS; ENSEMBLES; BEHAVIOR AB We study the entanglement generation of operators whose statistical properties approach those of random matrices but are restricted in some way. These include interpolating ensemble matrices, where the interval of the independent random parameters are restricted, pseudorandom operators, where there are far fewer random parameters than required for random matrices, and quantum chaotic evolution. Restricting randomness in different ways allows us to probe connections between entanglement and randomness. We comment on which properties affect entanglement generation and discuss ways of efficiently producing random states on a quantum computer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP MITRE, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. EM weinstein@mitre.org; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 33 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 AR 030501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.030501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 946TU UT WOS:000230596600006 PM 16090726 ER PT J AU Deuber, B Ilaefele, A Feist, DG Martin, L Kampfer, N Nedoluha, GE Yushkov, V Khaykin, S Kivi, R Vomel, H AF Deuber, B Ilaefele, A Feist, DG Martin, L Kampfer, N Nedoluha, GE Yushkov, V Khaykin, S Kivi, R Vomel, H TI Middle Atmospheric Water Vapour Radiometer (MIAWARA): Validation and first results of the LAPBIAT Upper Tropospheric Lower Stratospheric Water Vapour Validation Project (LAUTLOS- WAVVAP) campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTROMETER; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; POLAR VORTEX; OZONE; POAM; DEHYDRATION; INSTRUMENT; INCREASES AB We present a validation study for the ground-based Middle Atmospheric Water Vapour Radiometer (MIAWARA) operating at 22 GHz. MIAWARA measures the water vapor profile in the range of 20-80 km. The validation was conducted in two phases at different geographical locations. During the first operational period the radiometer was operated at middle latitudes in Bern, Switzerland, and the measured water vapor profiles were compared with the HALOE satellite instrument. The agreement between HALOE and MIAWARA was for most altitudes better than 10%. In the second comparison phase, MIAWARA took part in the Lapland Atmosphere-Biosphere Facility (LAPBIAT) Upper Tropospheric Lower Stratospheric Water Vapour Validation Project (LAUTLOS-WAVVAP) campaign in early 2004 in the subarctic region of northern Finland. During this campaign, different balloon sondes probed the water vapor content in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The stratospheric water vapor profiles of the fluorescent hygrometer FLASH-B and the NOAA frost point hygrometer mirror in the range of 20-26 km were compared with the lowermost retrieval points of MIAWARA. The agreement between the balloon instruments and MIAWARA was better than 2% for a total number of 10 comparable flights. This showed the potential of MIAWARA in water vapor retrieval down to 20 km. In addition, the northern Finland MIAWARA profiles were compared with POAM III water vapor profiles. This comparison confirmed the good agreement with the other instruments, and the difference between MIAWARA and POAM was generally less than 8%. Finally, the tipping curve calibration was validated with tipping curve measurements of the All-Sky Multi Wavelength Radiometer (ASMUWARA) which was operated 10 months side by side with MIAWARA. The agreement of the tropospheric opacity derived from these tipping curves agree within 1%. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Fed Serv Hydrometeorol & Environm Monitor, Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow 141700, Russia. Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, FI-99600 Sodankyla, Finland. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Deuber, B (reprint author), BKW FMB Energie AG, Viktoriapl 2, CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland. RI Feist, Dietrich/B-6489-2013 OI Feist, Dietrich/0000-0002-5890-6687 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 14 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D13 AR D13306 DI 10.1029/2004JD005543 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950CU UT WOS:000230836000001 ER PT J AU Lu, D Meng, ZX Thakur, GA Fan, PS Steed, J Tartal, CL Hurst, DP Reggio, PH Deschamps, JR Parrish, DA George, C Jarbe, TUC Lamb, RJ Makriyannis, A AF Lu, D Meng, ZX Thakur, GA Fan, PS Steed, J Tartal, CL Hurst, DP Reggio, PH Deschamps, JR Parrish, DA George, C Jarbe, TUC Lamb, RJ Makriyannis, A TI Adamantyl cannabinoids: A novel class of cannabinergic ligands SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHARMACOPHORIC REQUIREMENTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; RECEPTOR AGONIST; SIDE-CHAIN; RATS; PHARMACOLOGY; ANALOGS; CB1; DELTA(8)-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLS; CANNABIDIOL AB Structure-activity relationship studies have established that the aliphatic side chain plays a pivotal role in determining the cannabinergic potency of tricyclic classical cannabinoids. We have now synthesized a series of analogues in which a variety of adamantyl substituents were introduced at the C3 position of Delta(8)-THC. Our lead compound, (-)-3-(1-adamantyl)-Delta(8) tetrahydrocannabinol (1a, AM411), was found to have robust affinity and selectivity for the CB I receptor as well as high in vivo potency. The X-ray crystal structure of 1 a was determined. Exploration of the side chain conformational space using molecular modeling approaches has allowed us to develop cannabinoid side chain pharmacophore models for the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Our results suggest that although a bulky group at the C3 position of classical cannabinoids could be tolerated by both CB1 and CB2 binding sites, the relative orientation of that group with respect to the tricyclic component can lead to receptor subtype selectivity. C1 Northeastern Univ, Ctr Drug Discovery, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Makriyannis, A (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Drug Discovery, 360 Huntington Ave,116 Mugar Life Sci Bldg, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM a.makriyannis@neu.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA07215, DA09064, DA09158, DA00253, DA03801, R01 DA003934] NR 38 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUL 14 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 14 BP 4576 EP 4585 DI 10.1021/jm058175c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 947GD UT WOS:000230630500010 PM 15999995 ER PT J AU Sheehan, PE AF Sheehan, PE TI The wear kinetics of NaCl under dry nitrogen and at low humidities SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRICTION FORCE MICROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SURFACES; WATER; AFM; HALIDE; NANOINDENTATION; NANOTRIBOLOGY; ADSORPTION; SOLIDS AB NaCl step edges are worn under repetitive scanning by an atomic force microscope tip. The change in the wear rate when either the mechanical load on the tip or the NaCl substrate temperature is changed is well described by a thermal activation model. Two principal kinetic parameters, the activation volume and the activation energy, are extracted. The effect of low relative humidities on wear is also studied. It is found that at relative humidities (RH) less than similar to 12%, the wear rate was enhanced with respect to wear under dry nitrogen. At RH > 12%, the wear rate is suppressed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheehan@nrl.navy.mil RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2005 VL 410 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.05.060 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 943CV UT WOS:000230330600030 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Hellberg, CS AF Erwin, SC Hellberg, CS TI Phase transition at finite temperature in one dimension: Adsorbate ordering in Ba/Si(111)3 x 2 SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; Monte Carlo simulations; equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics; Ising models; low energy electron diffraction; surface thermodynamics; silicon; alkaline earth metals ID METALS AB We demonstrate that the Ba-induced Si(1 1 1)3 x 2 reconstruction is a physical realization of a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model with long-range Coulomb interactions. Monte Carlo simulations performed on a corresponding Coulomb-gas model, which we construct based on density-functional calculations, reveal an adsorbate-ordering phase transition at finite temperature. We show numerically that this unusual one-dimensional phase transition should be detectable by low-energy electron diffraction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erwin@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 2005 VL 585 IS 3 BP L171 EP L176 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.04.026 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 940NH UT WOS:000230150700002 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Encouraging discovery and innovation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St,Suite 1425, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 8 PY 2005 VL 309 IS 5732 BP 245 EP 246 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 944SP UT WOS:000230449800021 PM 16002601 ER PT J AU von Engeln, A Nedoluha, G AF von Engeln, A Nedoluha, G TI Retrieval of temperature and water vapor profiles from radio occultation refractivity and bending angle measurements using an Optimal Estimation approach: a simulation study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER-PREDICTION; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; ESTIMATION INVERSE METHOD; NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE PRESSURE; IMPACT; ASSIMILATION; MODEL; GRADIENTS; HUMIDITY AB The Optimal Estimation Method is used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles from simulated radio occultation measurements in order to assess how different retrieval schemes may affect the assimilation of this data. High resolution ECMWF global fields are used by a state-of-the-art radio occultation simulator to provide quasi-realistic bending angle and refractivity profiles. Both types of profiles are used in the retrieval process to assess their advantages and disadvantages. The impact of the GPS measurement is expressed as an improvement over the a priori knowledge ( taken from a 24 h old analysis). Large improvements are found for temperature in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Only very small improvements are found in the lower troposphere, where water vapor is present. Water vapor improvements are only significant between about 1 km to 7 km. No pronounced difference is found between retrievals based upon bending angles or refractivity. Results are compared to idealized retrievals, where the atmosphere is spherically symmetric and instrument noise is not included. Comparing idealized to quasi-realistic calculations shows that the main impact of a ray tracing algorithm can be expected for low latitude water vapor, where the horizontal variability is high. We also address the effect of altitude correlations in the temperature and water vapor. Overall, we find that water vapor and temperature retrievals using bending angle profiles are more CPU intensive than refractivity profiles, but that they do not provide significantly better results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environ Phys, Bremen, Germany. RP von Engeln, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM engeln@uni-bremen.de NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 1665 EP 1677 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942RW UT WOS:000230300500001 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Dahl, K Zhong, Q Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, GM Dahl, K Zhong, Q Owrutsky, JC TI Vibrational relaxation of azide in formamide reverse micelles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SOLVATION DYNAMICS; ENERGY RELAXATION; ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; AEROSOL-OT; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; AOT MICROEMULSIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CONTINUOUS-PHASE; WATER AB Static and ultrafast infrared spectroscopy have been used to measure absorption spectra and vibrational energy relaxation (VER) times for the antisymmetric stretching vibrational band of azide, N-3 in formamide-containing reverse micelles (RMs). RMs were formed in n-heptane using the surfactant AOT, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate. The VER times were found to be significantly longer than in bulk formamide. The VER times became longer as the molar ratio of formamide to AOT, omega(F), was decreased. Decreasing omega(F) also resulted in substantial blue shifts of the azide static absorption band compared to the frequency in bulk formamide. The omega(F) dependent studies are consistent with expected size trends, where a larger RM results in more bulklike polar solvent and faster VER rates. These results are in contrast to aqueous AOT RMs where VER times were indistinguishable from those in the bulk and the static spectral shifts were much smaller. The differences between the static and dynamic behavior in aqueous and formamide RMs are related to differences in structural changes upon confinement in RMs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 26 BP 5788 EP 5792 DI 10.1021/jp050930a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 941OV UT WOS:000230225000003 PM 16833912 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Zu, LJ Haftel, MI Efros, AL Kennedy, TA Norris, DJ AF Erwin, SC Zu, LJ Haftel, MI Efros, AL Kennedy, TA Norris, DJ TI Doping semiconductor nanocrystals SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; QUANTUM DOTS; II-VI; MANGANESE; CLUSTERS; SIZE; MN AB Doping-the intentional introduction of impurities into a material-is fundamental to controlling the properties of bulk semiconductors. This has stimulated similar efforts to dope semiconductor nanocrystals(1-4). Despite some successes(5-11), many of these efforts have failed, for reasons that remain unclear. For example, Mn can be incorporated into nanocrystals of CdS and ZnSe (refs 7-9), but not into CdSe (ref. 12)-despite comparable bulk solubilities of near 50 per cent. These difficulties, which have hindered development of new nanocrystalline materials(13-15), are often attributed to 'self-purification', an allegedly intrinsic mechanism whereby impurities are expelled. Here we show instead that the underlying mechanism that controls doping is the initial adsorption of impurities on the nanocrystal surface during growth. We find that adsorption-and therefore doping efficiency-is determined by three main factors: surface morphology, nanocrystal shape, and surfactants in the growth solution. Calculated Mn adsorption energies and equilibrium shapes for several nanocrystals lead to specific doping predictions. These are confirmed by measuring how the Mn concentration in ZnSe varies with nanocrystal size and shape. Finally, we use our predictions to incorporate Mn into previously undopable CdSe nanocrystals. This success establishes that earlier difficulties with doping are not intrinsic, and suggests that a variety of doped nanocrystals-for applications from solar cells(16) to spintronics(17)-can be anticipated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Erwin, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Steven.Erwin@nrl.navy.mil; dnorris@umn.edu RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Norris, David/F-4022-2010 NR 30 TC 910 Z9 922 U1 41 U2 484 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 436 IS 7047 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1038/nature03832 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 942QJ UT WOS:000230296600044 PM 16001066 ER PT J AU Harding, WW Tidgewell, K Schmidt, M Shah, K Dersch, CM Snyder, J Parrish, D Deschamps, JR Rothman, RB Prisinzano, TE AF Harding, WW Tidgewell, K Schmidt, M Shah, K Dersch, CM Snyder, J Parrish, D Deschamps, JR Rothman, RB Prisinzano, TE TI Salvinicins A and B, new neoclerodane diterpenes from Salvia divinorum SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPIOID RECEPTOR AGONIST; SALVINORIN-A; MINT; STEREOCHEMISTRY; HALLUCINOGEN; LSD AB Two new neoclerodane diterpenes, salvinicins A (4) and B (5), were isolated from the dried leaves of Salvia divinorum. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including H-1 and C-13 NMR, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC. The absolute stereochemistry of these compounds was assigned on the basis of single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of salvinicin A (4) and a 3,4-dichlorobenzoate derivative of salvinorin B. C1 Univ Iowa, Div Med & Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NIDA, IRP, DHHS,Lab Struct Matter,Code 6030, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Iowa, High Field NMR Facil, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Harding, WW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Div Med & Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM thomas-prisinzano@uiowa.edu RI Prisinzano, Thomas/B-7877-2010; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Tidgewell , Kevin/0000-0002-0501-2604 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA018151-01A2, R01 DA018151] NR 32 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2005 VL 7 IS 14 BP 3017 EP 3020 DI 10.1021/ol0510522 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 941KG UT WOS:000230213100054 PM 15987194 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Meier, RR Chu, XZ DeLand, MT Plane, JMC AF Stevens, MH Meier, RR Chu, XZ DeLand, MT Plane, JMC TI Antarctic mesospheric clouds formed from space shuttle exhaust SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; CHEMISTRY; WINDS; MODEL AB New satellite observations reveal lower thermospheric transport of a space shuttle exhaust plume into the southern hemisphere two days after a January, 2003 launch. A day later, ground-based lidar observations in Antarctica identify iron ablated from the shuttle's main engines. Additional satellite observations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) show a burst that constitutes 10 - 20% of the PMC mass between 65 - 79 degrees S during the 2002 - 2003 season, comparable to previous results for an Arctic shuttle plume. This shows that shuttle exhaust can be an important global source of both PMC formation and variability. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stevens@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; Plane, John/C-7444-2015; Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 13 AR L13810 DI 10.1029/2005GL023054 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 947JL UT WOS:000230639400005 ER PT J AU Le Pichon, A Blanc, E Drob, D Lambotte, S Dessa, JX Lardy, M Bani, P Vergniolle, S AF Le Pichon, A Blanc, E Drob, D Lambotte, S Dessa, JX Lardy, M Bani, P Vergniolle, S TI Infrasound monitoring of volcanoes to probe high-altitude winds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION; NATURAL INFRASOUND; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; AIR WAVES; ERUPTIONS; PROPAGATION; MODEL; SOUND; CONCORDE AB Active volcanoes in the Vanuatu archipelago permanently generate infrasonic waves. Their monitoring over 1 year exhibits clear seasonal trends in the direction of arrival of the detected signals. From summer to winter the azimuth variation reaches 15 degrees. This deviation is essentially due to the reversibility of the zonal stratospheric wind with season which strongly affects the deflection of the ray direction. A three-dimensional (3-D) ray-tracing modeling roughly explains the observed seasonal trend in the azimuth variation but underestimates its amplitude. The discrepancy between the measurements and the results of simulation is explained by undervalued wind speeds in the upper atmosphere. Infrasonic observations are used as input of an inversion scheme for adjusting the vertical structure of the wind in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. It is shown that the mesospheric zonal winds are underestimated by at least 20 m/s throughout the year with differences reaching 50 m/s. C1 CEA, DASE, LDG, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Ecole Observ Sci Terre, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Lab Geosci Marines, F-75252 Paris, France. IRD, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, LDSG, F-75252 Paris, France. RP CEA, DASE, LDG, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM alexis.le-pichon@cea.fr RI Blanc, Elisabeth/D-3890-2009; Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Vergniolle, sylvie/F-1800-2017 OI Blanc, Elisabeth/0000-0002-1599-4736; Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Vergniolle, sylvie/0000-0002-1659-5622 NR 49 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 6 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D13 AR D13106 DI 10.1029/2004JD005587 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 947JY UT WOS:000230640800001 ER PT J AU Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, LL Massa, L Karle, J TI Kernel energy method illustrated with peptides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Kernel energy method; energy calculation of peptides; high accuracy and high speed; molecular fragments; broad application ID BETA-AMINO ACIDS; QUANTUM CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-AMINO; HAIRPIN; HELIX; RESIDUES AB We describe a kernel energy method (KEM) for applying quantum crystallography to large molecules, with an emphasis on the calculation of the molecular energy of peptides. The computational difficulty of representing the system increases only modestly with the number of atoms. The calculations are carried out on modern parallel supercomputers. By adopting the approximation that a full biological molecule can be represented by smaller "kernels" of atoms, the calculations are greatly simplified. Moreover, collections of kernels are, from a computational point of view, well suited for parallel computation. The result is a modest increase in computational time as the number of atoms increases, while retaining the ab initio character of the calculations. We describe a test of our method, and establish its accuracy using 15 different peptides of biological interest. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY, Hunter Coll & Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Karle, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 808 EP 817 DI 10.1002/qua.20542 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 931ZV UT WOS:000229524900005 ER PT J AU Kenney, JW Boatz, JA Vosbein, HAT AF Kenney, JW Boatz, JA Vosbein, HAT TI Theory of Monte Carlo simulations of the magnetic circular dichroism spectra of alkali metal/rare gas systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-ABLATION; S-2->P-2 TRANSITION; LITHIUM ATOMS; XENON MATRIX; BAND SHAPES; SOLIDS; SODIUM; LI/XE AB The history of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy in the study of alkali metal/rare gas (M/Rg) cryogenic systems is reviewed in the context of developing a better understanding of alkali metal/hydrogen systems of current interest to the U. S. Air Force as enhanced-performance cryogenic rocket propellants. A new theory for simulating the MCD spectra of M/Rg systems is presented together with a careful discussion of the theory's implicit and explicit approximations and their implications. This theory uses a classical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation scheme to model the perturbing effects of the Rg environment on the S-2 -> P-2 MCD-active transition of the M atom. The theory sets up the MC-MCD simulation as a 6 X 6 matrix eigenvalue/eigenvector problem in the P-2 manifold in which are included the effects of M-Rg interactions, metal atom spin-orbit coupling in the (2)p manifold, magnetic Zeeman perturbations of the S-2 and P-2 manifolds, Boltzmann temperature factors, and electric dipole transition moment integrals for left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) light. The theory may be applied to any type of trapping site of the host M in the guest Rg matrix; a single atom substitutional metal atom trapping site (one host Rg atom is replaced by one guest M atom) is modeled in this study for M = Na and Rg = Ar. Two temperature factors are used in these simulations; a lattice temperature to model the mobility of the Rg lattice and a magnetic temperature to model Boltzmann factors in the S-2 ground manifold. The 6 X 6 eigenvalue/eigenvector problem is solved for a number of randomly generated and suitably averaged Rg configurations to yield the simulated MC-MCD spectrum for the single substitutional Na/Ar system. The MC-MCD simulations of Na/Ar give the characteristic triplet MCD spectrum with the correct Boltzmann temperature dependence. The simulated MC-MCD spectrum correctly inverts when the direction of the applied magnetic field is reversed. Addition of the LCP and RCP absorbances gives rise to a characteristic S-2 -> P-2 triplet absorption feature. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Simulat Measurements & Tact Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Concordia Univ, Chem Phys Lab, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, AFRL PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Vosbein, HAT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Simulat Measurements & Tact Branch, Code 7180,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM terrill@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6 BP 854 EP 865 DI 10.1002/qua.20270 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 931ZV UT WOS:000229524900009 ER PT J AU Kawa, SR Newman, PA Stolarski, RS Bevilacqua, RM AF Kawa, SR Newman, PA Stolarski, RS Bevilacqua, RM TI Fall vortex ozone as a predictor of springtime total ozone at high northern latitudes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; STRATOSPHERE; PROFILES; VALIDATION; WINTERS; TRENDS; CIRCULATION; HEMISPHERE; DEPLETION AB Understanding the impact of atmospheric dynamical variability on observed changes in stratospheric O-3 is a key to understanding how O-3 will change with future climate dynamics and trace gas abundances. In this paper we examine the linkage between interannual variability in total column O-3 at northern high latitudes in March and lower-to-mid stratospheric vortex O-3 in the prior November. We find that these two quantities are significantly correlated in the years available from TOMS, SBUV, and POAM data ( 1978 2004). Additionally, we find that the increase in March O-3 variability from the 1980s to years post- 1990 is also seen in the November vortex O-3, i.e., interannual variability in both quantities is much larger in the later years. The cause of this correlation is not clear, however. Interannual variations in March total O-3 are known to correspond closely with variations in winter stratospheric wave driving consistent with the effects of varying residual circulation, temperature, and chemical loss. Variation in November vortex O-3 may also depend on dynamical wave activity, but the dynamics in fall are less variable than in winter and spring. We do not find significant correlations of dynamic indicators for November such as temperature, heat flux, or polar average total O-3 with the November vortex O-3, nor with dynamical indicators later in winter and spring that might lead to a connection to March. We discuss several potential hypotheses for the observed correlation but do not find strong evidence for any considered mechanism. We present the observations as a phenomenon whose understanding may improve our ability to predict the dependence of O-3 on changing dynamics and chemistry. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kawa, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kawa@maia.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 4 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 1655 EP 1663 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942RV UT WOS:000230300400001 ER PT J AU Harding, WW Hodge, M Wang, ZX Woolverton, WL Parrish, D Deschamps, JR Prisinzano, TE AF Harding, WW Hodge, M Wang, ZX Woolverton, WL Parrish, D Deschamps, JR Prisinzano, TE TI Enantioselective synthesis of (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-2-[(3-chlorophenyl)-(2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]morpholine SO TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETRY LA English DT Article ID MONOAMINE TRANSPORTERS; COCAINE; NOREPINEPHRINE; REBOXETINE; DERIVATIVES; DEPRESSION; NISOXETINE; STIMULANT; DOPAMINE; EFFICACY AB The enantioselective synthesis of the (R,R)- and (S,S)-enantiorners of 1 from cominercially available 3-chlorocinnamic acid is reported. The Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation was used to establish the stereocenters in the synthesis of both enantioiners of 1. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Pharm, Div Med & Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Prisinzano, TE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Pharm, Div Med & Nat Prod Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM thomas-prisinzano@uiowa.edu RI Prisinzano, Thomas/B-7877-2010; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [K05 DA015343-04, K05 DA015343] NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4166 J9 TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETR JI Tetrahedron: Asymmetry PD JUL 4 PY 2005 VL 16 IS 13 BP 2249 EP 2256 DI 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.06.012 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 950TF UT WOS:000230879800009 PM 16841092 ER PT J AU Vekhter, Y AF Vekhter, Y TI Improving experimental phasing: the role of strongest reflections SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; DENSITY MODIFICATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; REFINEMENT; PHASES AB Very strong reflections have a dominant impact on the initial phasing and model-building stages of structure determination. However, experimental phasing (MIR, SAD or MAD) fails on some of the strongest reflections when the heavy-atom contribution to scattering is relatively weak or absent. It is shown that when just a few(similar to 50-100) of these reflections are assigned low-error phases, the entire set of isomorphous replacement phases becomes significantly improved after density modification. This improvement is indicated by higher map correlation coefficients and reduced mean phase errors of the updated data. The problem of phasing the strongest reflections may be solved by the direct measurement of triplet phases in a three-beam diffraction experiment. The analysis shows that merging isomorphous replacement data with a limited number of highly accurate phases from the reference-beam diffraction experiment would significantly improve conventional experimental phasing. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vekhter, Y (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vekhter@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 61 BP 899 EP 902 DI 10.1107/S0907444905008553 PN 7 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 939ZL UT WOS:000230113000008 PM 15983412 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Sandberg, W Vaiana, P Kellogg, J Cylinder, D AF Ramamurti, R Sandberg, W Vaiana, P Kellogg, J Cylinder, D TI Computational fluid dynamics study of unconventional air vehicle configurations SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Bristol International Conference on Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems CY MAR 29-31, 2004 CL Univ Bristol, Bristol, ENGLAND HO Univ Bristol ID INSECT FLIGHT; AERODYNAMIC MECHANISMS AB Two unconventional micro air vehicles developed by the Naval Research Laboratory are described. One of the vehicles employs flapping wings which is inspired by the flight of birds or insects but does not copy it directly. The second vehicle is a stop-rotor hybrid vehicle employing a pair of single blade, rotary/fixed wing panels, attached at their roots to separate coaxial shafts. An unstructured grid based incompressible flow solver, called feflo, is used to simulate the flow past these novel configurations in order to determine the flight characteristics of these vehicles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Pennsauken, NJ USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 109 IS 1097 BP 337 EP 347 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 958ZM UT WOS:000231486700004 ER PT J AU Huang, H Saigal, S Dyka, CT AF Huang, H Saigal, S Dyka, CT TI Finite element-based boundary treatment in the hybrid particle method SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM hhuang5@eng.usf.edu; saigal@eng.usf.edu; dykact@nswc.navy.mil RI Huang, Hao/A-1376-2012 OI Huang, Hao/0000-0002-5186-180X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1626 EP 1628 DI 10.2514/1.11668 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 942GZ UT WOS:000230272200024 ER PT J AU Mologne, TS Lundeen, JM Clapper, MF O'Brien, TJ AF Mologne, TS Lundeen, JM Clapper, MF O'Brien, TJ TI Early screw fixation versus casting in the treatment of acute Jones fractures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fifth metatarsal fracture; Jones fracture; internal fixation; intramedullary screw fixation ID 5TH METATARSAL DISTAL; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; 5TH-METATARSAL FRACTURES; NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT; BASE; TUBEROSITY; BONE AB Background: There is considerable variability in the literature concerning the optimal treatment of acute Jones fractures. Hypothesis: Early surgical fixation of acute Jones fractures will result in shorter times to union and return to athletics compared with cast treatment. Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Eighteen patients were randomized to cast treatment, and 19 patients were randomized to screw fixation. Success of treatment and the times to union and return to sports were calculated for each patient. Results: Mean follow-up was 25.3 months (range, 15-42 months). Eight of 18 (44%) in the cast group were considered treatment failures: 5 nonunions, 1 delayed union, and 2 refractures. One of 19 patients in the surgery group was considered a treatment failure. For the surgery group, the median times to union and return to sports were 7.5 and 8.0 weeks, respectively. For the cast group, the median times were 14.5 and 15.0 weeks, respectively. The Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference between the groups in both parameters, with P < .001. Conclusion: There is a high incidence (44%) of failure after cast treatment of acute Jones fractures. Early screw fixation results in quicker times to union and return to sports compared with cast treatment. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA USA. RP Mologne, TS (reprint author), Ctr Sports Med, 277 Altenhofen Dr, Appleton, WI 54913 USA. EM drmologne@thesportsmedcenter.com NR 27 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 7 BP 970 EP 975 DI 10.1177/0363546504272262 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 940JR UT WOS:000230141300002 PM 15888715 ER PT J AU Haegen, TW Keefe, MA Keefe, KS AF Haegen, TW Keefe, MA Keefe, KS TI Use of image-guided systems in the reconstruction of the periorbital region SO ARCHIVES OF FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID SOCKET SYNDROME; SURGERY; STEREOLITHOGRAPHY AB The conflict in the Middle East has led to an increase in the incidence and severity of facial trauma evaluated at tertiary military medical facilities. The Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif, has treated 5 patients with penetrating injuries to the orbit with associated comminuted fractures. We have used the technology of image-guided surgery to assist in reconstructing these injuries. - Image-guided surgery has many applications in the head and neck. This review consists of a series of traumatic applications of the image-guided system with a focus on orbital and midfacial trauma. We will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of this technique compared with previouly described techniques. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Keefe, MA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM makeefe@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1521-2491 J9 ARCH FACIAL PLAST S JI Arch. Facial Plast. Surg. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1001/archfaci.7.4.266 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 983HK UT WOS:000233221900011 PM 16027350 ER PT J AU Piatek, S Pryor, C Bristow, P Olszewski, EW Harris, HC Mateo, M Minniti, D Tinney, CG AF Piatek, S Pryor, C Bristow, P Olszewski, EW Harris, HC Mateo, M Minniti, D Tinney, CG TI Proper motions of dwarf spheroidal galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope imaging. III. Measurement for Ursa Mminor SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : individual (Ursa Minor) ID TO-LIGHT RATIOS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SATELLITE GALAXIES; LOCAL SUBDWARFS; STAR CLUSTERS; DARK-MATTER; MASS; WFPC2 AB This article presents a measurement of the proper motion of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy determined from images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope in two distinct fields. Each field contains a quasi-stellar object that serves as the "reference point.'' The measured proper motion for Ursa Minor, expressed in the equatorial coordinate system, is (mu(alpha); mu(delta)) = ( - 50 +/- 17; 22 +/- 16) mas century(-1). Removing the contributions of the solar motion and the motion of the local standard of rest yields the proper motion in the Galactic rest frame: (mu(alpha)(Grf), mu(delta)(Grf)) = (- 8 +/- 17, 38 +/- 16) mas century(-1). The implied space velocity with respect to the Galactic center has a radial component of V-r = - 75 +/- 44 km s(-1) and a tangential component of V-t = 144 +/- 50 km s(-1). Integrating the motion of Ursa Minor in a realistic potential for the Milky Way produces orbital elements. The perigalacticon and apogalacticon are 40 ( 10, 76) and 89 ( 78, 160) kpc, respectively, where the values in the parentheses represent the 95% confidence intervals derived from Monte Carlo experiments. The eccentricity of the orbit is 0.39 (0.09, 0.79), and the orbital period is 1.5 (1.1, 2.7) Gyr. The orbit is retrograde and inclined by 124 degrees (94 degrees, 136 degrees) to the Galactic plane. Ursa Minor is not a likely member of a proposed stream of galaxies on similar orbits around the Milky Way, nor is the plane of its orbit coincident with a recently proposed planar alignment of galaxies around the Milky Way. Comparing the orbits of Ursa Minor and Carina shows no reason for the different star formation histories of these two galaxies. Ursa Minor must contain dark matter to have a high probability of having survived disruption by the Galactic tidal force until the present. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago 22, Chile. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Piatek, S (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM piatek@physics.rutgers.edu; pryor@physics.rutgers.edu; bristowp@eso.org; eolszewski@as.arizona.edu; hch@nofs.navy.mil; mateo@astro.lsa.umich.edu; dante@astro.puc.cl; cgt@aaoepp.aao.gov.au OI Tinney, Christopher/0000-0002-7595-0970 NR 71 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1 BP 95 EP 115 DI 10.1086/430532 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 939PW UT WOS:000230085900009 ER PT J AU Brogan, CL Lazio, TJ Kassim, NE Dyer, KK AF Brogan, CL Lazio, TJ Kassim, NE Dyer, KK TI Spatially resolved low-frequency Very Large Array observations of the supernova remnant 3C 391 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (3C 391); ISM : molecules; supernova remnants ID DENSITY IONIZED-GAS; RADIO RECOMBINATION LINES; MHZ MASER EMISSION; 3C 391; INNER GALAXY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CO OBSERVATIONS; ABSORPTION AB We present VLA images of the supernova remnant (SNR) 3C 391 at 74, 330, and 1465 MHz. This remnant has been known for some time to exhibit a turnover in its integrated radio continuum spectrum at frequencies < 100 MHz, indicative of free-free absorption from thermal ionized gas along the line of sight. For the first time, our data reveal the spatially resolved morphology of the low-frequency free-free absorption with a resolution of similar to 70 ''. Contrary to the expectation that such absorption arises from unrelated low-density H II regions ( or their envelopes) along the line of sight, these data suggest that in this case the absorbing medium is directly linked to the SNR itself. 3C 391 has been shown in a number of recent papers to be interacting with a molecular cloud. Indeed, it exhibits a number of signposts of SNR/ molecular cloud shocks, including OH ( 1720 MHz) masers and broad molecular emission lines. Comparison of the regions of strongest 74 MHz absorption with existing X-ray, IR, and molecular data suggests that the free-free absorption originates from the SNR/ molecular cloud shock boundaries due to ionized gas created from the passage of a J-type shock with a speed of similar to 100 km s(-1). This makes it only the second SNR for which such ( extrinsic) spatially resolved absorption has been measured and the only one for which the absorption is thought to arise from a SNR/ molecular cloud interface region. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brogan, CL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM cbrogan@ifa.hawaii.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; kdyer@nrao.edu NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1086/430852 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 939PW UT WOS:000230085900013 ER PT J AU Levine, SE AF Levine, SE TI Stars in the USNO-B1 catalog with proper motions between 1.0 and 5.0 arcseconds per year SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : visual; catalogs; stars : kinematics ID DIGITIZED SKY SURVEY; NEARBY STARS; IMPROVED ASTROMETRY; GALACTIC LATITUDES; NORTHERN STARS; LUYTEN CATALOG; PHOTOMETRY; DISCOVERY; YR(-1) AB This paper examines a subset of objects from the USNO-B1 catalog with listed proper motions between 1.'' 0 and 5.'' 0 yr(-1). We look at the degree of contamination within this range of proper motions and point out the major sources of spurious high proper motion objects. Roughly 0.1% of the objects in the USNO-B1 catalog with listed motions between 1.'' 0 and 5.'' 0 yr(-1) are real. Comparison with the revised version of Luyten's Half-Second Catalogue indicates that USNO-B1 is only about 47% complete for stars in this range. Preliminary studies indicate that there may be a dip in completeness in USNO-B1 for objects with motions near 0.'' 1 yr(-1). We also present two new stars with motions between 1.'' 0 and 5.'' 0 yr(-1), 36 new stars with confirmed motions between 0.'' 1 and 1.'' 0 yr(-1), several new common proper motion pairs, and the recovery of LHS 237a (VBs3). C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Levine, SE (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, 10391 W Naval Observ Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM sel@nofs.navy.mil NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1 BP 319 EP 336 DI 10.1086/430474 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 939PW UT WOS:000230085900029 ER PT J AU Muglach, K Hofmann, A Staude, J AF Muglach, K Hofmann, A Staude, J TI Dynamics of solar active regions II. Oscillations observed with MDI and their relation to the magnetic field topology SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sun : photosphere; sun : oscillations; sun : magnetic fields ID ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVES; STOKES SPECTRA; SUNSPOT UMBRAE; QUIET SUN; P-MODES; ATMOSPHERE; TRACE; CHROMOSPHERE; SEISMOLOGY; INVERSION AB We present new results of an international joint observing campaign, which was carried out in September 2000 to study the oscillatory behaviour of solar active regions. We concentrate on oscillations in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere as observed with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI, Scherrer et al. 1995, Sol. Phys., 162, 129). The resulting photospheric oscillation power maps are compared with chromospheric maps from simultaneous UV continuum data (taken with the TRACE instrument). From a magnetic field extrapolation of the MDI magnetograms we infer that the reduction in chromospheric high frequency power and enhancement of photospheric high frequency power may be explained by the interaction of acoustic waves with the magnetic canopy. C1 Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM muglach@nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 437 IS 3 BP 1055 EP 1060 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041164 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 941JC UT WOS:000230210100031 ER PT J AU Boboltz, DA Marvel, KB AF Boboltz, DA Marvel, KB TI OH 12.8-0.9: A new water-fountain source SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : mass loss ID IR STARS; MASER EMISSION; OH/IR STARS; RADIO AB We present observational evidence that the OH/IR star OH 12.8-0.9 is the fourth in a class of objects previously dubbed "water- fountain" sources. Using the Very Long Baseline Array, we produced the first images of the H2O maser emission associated with OH 12.8-0.9. We find that the masers are located in two compact regions with an angular separation of similar to 109 mas on the sky. The axis of separation between the two maser regions is at a position angle of 1 (.) over circle5 east of north, with the blueshifted (-80.5 to -85.5 km s(-1)) masers located to the north and the redshifted (-32.0 to -35.5 km s) masers to the south. In addition, we find that the blue- and redshifted masers are distributed along arclike structures -10 -12 mas across, oriented roughly perpendicular to the separation axis. The morphology exhibited by the H2O masers is suggestive of an axisymmetric wind with the masers tracing bow shocks formed as the wind impacts the ambient medium. This bipolar jet-like structure is typical of the three other confirmed water- fountain sources. When combined with the previously observed spectral characteristics of OH 12.8-0.9, the observed spatiokinematic structure of the H2O masers provides strong evidence that OH 12.8-0.9 is indeed a member of the water-fountain class. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; marvel@aas.org OI Marvel, Kevin/0000-0002-3972-8790 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 627 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/431931 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 939QC UT WOS:000230086500012 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E Bhatia, AK TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for Ca XIV SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA; EMISSION-LINES; COLLISION STRENGTHS; DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARE; IONS; CHIANTI AB Electron impact collision strengths, energy levels, oscillator strengths, and spontaneous radiative decay rates are calculated for Ca XIV. The configurations used are 2s(2)2p(3), 2s2p(4), 2p(5), 2s(2)2p(2)3s, 2s(2)2p(2)3p, 2s(2)2p(2)3d, and 2s2p(3)3s giving rise to 91 fine-structure levels in intermediate coupling. Collision strengths are calculated at five incident energies: 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 Ry. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated as a function of electron temperature by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution. Using the excitation rate coefficients and the radiative transition rates, statistical equilibrium equations for level populations are solved at electron densities covering the range of 10(8)-10(14) cm(-3) at an electron temperature of log Te (K) = 6.5, corresponding to a maximum abundance of Ca XIV. Relative and absolute spectral line intensities are calculated and compared with observations of a solar active region and of tokamak plasma. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhatia, AK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Anand.K.Bhatia@nasa.gov RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JUL PY 2005 VL 90 IS 2 BP 177 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2005.07.001 PG 82 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 970XN UT WOS:000232345800001 ER PT J AU Lin, YW Slape, C Zhang, ZH Aplan, PD AF Lin, YW Slape, C Zhang, ZH Aplan, PD TI NUP98-HOXD13 transgenic mice develop a highly penetrant, severe myelodysplastic syndrome that progresses to acute leukemia SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; FUSION GENE; HEMATOPOIETIC COMPARTMENT; CHROMOSOME-TRANSLOCATION; BETHESDA PROPOSALS; NUCLEOPORIN NUP98; DE-NOVO; CLASSIFICATION AB The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem-cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and dysplasia. A wide spectrum of genetic aberrations has been associated with MDS, including chromosomal translocations involving the NUP98 gene. Using a NUP98-HOXD13 fusion gene, we have developed a mouse model that faithfully recapitulates all of the key features of MDS, including peripheral blood cytopenias, bone marrow dysplasia, and apoptosis, and transformation to acute leukemia. The MDS that develops in NUP98-HOXD13 transgenic mice is uniformly fatal. Within 14 months, all of the mice died of either leukemic transformation or severe anemia and leucopenia as a result of progressive MDS. The NUP98-HOXD13 fusion gene inhibits megakaryo cytic differentiation and increases apoptosis in the bone marrow, suggesting a mechanism leading to ineffective hematopoiesis in the presence of a hypercellular bone marrow. These mice provide an accurate preclinical model that can be used for the evaluation of MDS therapy and biology. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Genet Branch, NCI,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Aplan, PD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Genet Branch, NCI,NIH, Bldg 8 Rm 5101,8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM aplanp@mail.nih.gov RI Slape, Christopher/H-8586-2016; Aplan, Peter/K-9064-2016 OI Slape, Christopher/0000-0002-8407-3092; NR 45 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 1 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4794 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 940PN UT WOS:000230156500046 PM 15755899 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Butt, T Plant, NG AF Puleo, JA Butt, T Plant, NG TI Instantaneous energetics sediment transport model calibration SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SWASH ZONE; EVOLUTION; TURBULENCE; BEACH AB In this note we point out a bias error that affects calibrations of 'Bagnold-type' energetics sediment transport models. Calibrations based on instantaneous measurements of fluid velocity and suspended sediment concentration incur an inherent increase in correlation between measured and predicted sediment transport rates because the measured fluid velocity resides on both sides of the calibration equation. Random, fully uncorrelated velocity and suspended load time series tests comparing the energetics model with a similar model which divides both sides of the equation by the velocity, showed that having velocity on both sides increased the R-2 correlation coefficient from its expected near zero value to 0.45. This "false correlation" can be as high as 0.55 when there is a high mean concentration relative to the concentration variance and there are small mean velocities. In contrast, when there is relatively high variability in concentration in the presence of large mean velocities (e.g. suspension events of coarse grains under waves in the surf zone with an alongshore current), the "false correlation" reduced to 0.35. Comparisons with data from two swash experiments and a surf zone study showed a similar increase in "false correlation". Associated with the "false correlation" was a 4-fold overestimate of the calibration coefficient used to tune the sediment transport model under simulated noisy field measurement conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coastal Res, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM jpuleo@coastal.udel.edu; tony@aswell-forecast.com; nplant@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 52 IS 7 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.03.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 943TS UT WOS:000230378100005 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, PJ TI The locality principle SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Super, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. ACM, New York, NY 10036 USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Cebrowski Inst Informat & Innovat & Super, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 9 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUL PY 2005 VL 48 IS 7 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1145/1070838.1070856 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 951JP UT WOS:000230926600010 ER PT J AU Gangopadhyay, A Shen, CY Marmorino, GO Mied, RP Lindemann, GJ AF Gangopadhyay, A Shen, CY Marmorino, GO Mied, RP Lindemann, GJ TI An extended velocity projection method for estimating the subsurface current and density structure for coastal plume regions: An application to the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY CURRENT FRONTS; RIVER PLUME; MODEL; DYNAMICS; WATER AB We describe a method for estimating subsurface current and density structure in a coastal region dominated by a plume from a set of surface observations of velocity and density. A detailed application of the method is shown via a case study of the Chesapeake Bay in November 1997. The proposed technique relies on developing a 'plume feature model' from theoretical models and past synoptic observational data sets, and incorporating the feature model into the previously developed velocity projection method [J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 6973] to obtain subsurface current structure within the Ekman layer depth. The primary feature model parameters include the location and extent of the frontal boundary, a simplified gravity current structure, and the spatial gradient of salinity across the frontal head of the plume. which are inferred from remote sensing or miminal strategic in situ observations. For the Chesapeake Bay case study, we show how the proposed method, referred to as 'extended velocity projection', can produce estimates of plume current structure consistent with available ADCP profiles. We assess the sensitivity of the results to feature model parameters, and identify the resolution of spatial salinity gradient as being particularly important. The difference between the density-stratified estimate and the ADCP data can be used to calibrate and improve the zero-order dynamic feature model parameters. This synergistic approach with the extended velocity projection method should be applicable to other coastal plumes and possibly other shallow water features. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gangopadhyay, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 285 Old Westport Rd, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM avijit@umassd.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1303 EP 1319 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2005.03.002 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 935MK UT WOS:000229786200001 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Graph theory and binary alloys passivated by nickel SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; OXIDE NETWORKS; PASSIVITY; NI; TEMPERATURE; H2SO4; XPS; CU AB The passivity of a nickel binary alloy is considered in terms of a network of -Ni-O-Ni-bridges in the oxide film, where Ni is the component of the binary alloy which produces passivity. The structure of the oxide is represented by a mathematical graph, and graph theory is used to calculate the connectivity of the oxide, given by the product of the number of edges in the graph and the Randic index. A stochastic calculation is employed to insert ions of the second metal into the oxide film so as to disrupt the connectivity of the -Ni-O-Ni- network. This disruption occurs at a critical ionic concentration of the oxide film. Mathematical relationships are developed for the introduction of a general ion B into the oxide film, and critical ionic compositions are calculated for oxide films on the nickel binary alloys. The notation B refers to any metal B which produces B+n ions in the oxide film, where +n is the oxidation number of the ion. The results of this analysis for Fe-Ni and Cu-Ni binary alloys are in good agreement with experimental results. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Adjunct Fac, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6134, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccafferty@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1765 EP 1777 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2004.08.016 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 927NN UT WOS:000229200700013 ER PT J AU Prasad, TG Ikeda, M McClean, JL AF Prasad, TG Ikeda, M McClean, JL TI Structure and mechanisms of the Arabian Sea variability during the winter monsoon SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE upwelling; thermal domes; ocean eddies; ocean circulation; heat budget; air-sea interaction; ocean modeling ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SOMALI CURRENT; SRI-LANKA; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS; CIRCULATION; CLIMATOLOGY; ALTIMETER; MODEL AB In the southern Arabian Sea (between the Equator and 10 degrees N), the shoaling of isotherms at subsurface levels (20 degrees C isotherm depth is located at similar to 90 m) leads to cooling at 100 m by 2-3 degrees C relative to surrounding waters during the winter monsoon. The annual and interannual variations of this upwelling zone, which we call the Arabian Sea dome (ASD), are studied using results from an eddy-permitting ocean general circulation model in conjunction with hydrography and TOPEX/ERS altimeter data. The ASD first appears in the southeastern Arabian Sea during September-October, maturing during November-December to extend across the entire southern Arabian Sea (along similar to 5 degrees N). It begins to weaken in January and dissipates by March in the southwestern Arabian Sea. From the analysis of heat-budget balance terms and a pair of model control experiments, it is shown that the local Ekman upwelling induced by the positive windstress curl of the winter monsoon generates the ASD in the southeastern Arabian Sea. The ASD decays due to the weakening of the cyclonic curl of the wind and the westward penetration of warm water from the east (Southern Arabian Sea High). The interannual variation of the ASD is governed by variations in the Ekman upwelling induced by the cyclonic wind-stress curl. Associated with the unusual winds during 1994-1995 and 1997-1998 Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) periods, the ASD failed to develop. In the absence of the ASD during the IOD events, the 20 degrees C isotherm depth was 20-30 m deeper than normal in the southern Arabian Sea resulting in a temperature increase at 97 m of 4-5 degrees C. An implication is that the SST evolution in the southern Arabian Sea during the winter monsoon is primarily controlled by advective cooling: the shoaling of isotherms associated with the ASD leads to SST cooling. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Prasad, TG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM prasad@nps.edu; mikeda@ees.hokudai.ac.jp; mcclean@nps.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1155 EP 1177 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.02.006 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 944HM UT WOS:000230417900004 ER PT J AU Ramme, A Von Jouanne, A Wallace, A Ly, T Petersen, L AF Ramme, A Von Jouanne, A Wallace, A Ly, T Petersen, L TI Partial discharge in medium voltage PWM propulsion coils SO ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE electric ship; medium voltage; partial discharge ID MOTOR AB Evaluations of partial discharge (PD) in 4160 V propulsion coils have been conducted to understand the impact of inverter drives on electric motors for the planned U.S. Navy "electric" ships. The medium voltage (MV) PD evaluation "testbed" was designed and tested, and the influence of voltage level, voltage rise-time, switching frequency and temperature on the generation of PD was determined by optical and electrical PD detection methods. This article describes the design of the testbed, and the process of characterizing PD conditions comprehensively based on the above four parameters, representing a drive system consisting of an inverter and a high torque, low speed motor Comprehensive results and analyses are presented, based on the evaluation of 30 coils from two U.S. Navy coil manufacturers, which included both inverter-duty and non-inverter duty coils, resulting in over 7000 tests. C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NAVSEA, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Von Jouanne, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM avj@ece.orst.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-5008 J9 ELECTR POW COMPO SYS JI Electr. Power Compon. Syst. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 33 IS 7 BP 713 EP 725 DI 10.1080/15325000590896719 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 932OC UT WOS:000229562000002 ER PT J AU Riegodedios, AJ Ajene, A Malakooti, MA Gaydos, JC MacIntosh, VH Bohnker, BK AF Riegodedios, AJ Ajene, A Malakooti, MA Gaydos, JC MacIntosh, VH Bohnker, BK TI Comparing diagnostic coding and laboratory results SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA USA. US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Riegodedios, AJ (reprint author), USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Ctr Environm Hlth, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM riegodediosa@nehc.med.navy.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2005 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1151 EP 1153 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 939XS UT WOS:000230106600038 PM 16032796 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Willauer, HD Hughes, JM AF Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Willauer, HD Hughes, JM TI (R)ecycled soybean derived cooking oils as blending stocks for middle distillate transportation fuels SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; instability; methyl esters; middle distillate; soybean fuels AB It has been proposed that biodiesel liquids be used as blending stocks for middle distillate ground transportation fuels by the Department of Defense. The U. S. Navy is considering allowing up to 20% biodiesel to be added as a blending stock to petroleum diesel fuels. It is important for operational consideration to look at the many problems this could present. Among the more important considerations are storage stability, filterability, fuel solubility, oxidative stability and induced instability reactions. This article reports on the use of recycled soybean derived fuel liquids. The fuel liquid was derived from recycled restaurant cooking oil with no added antioxidant after reprocessing. We compare this biodiesel in blends of both 10% and 20% with stable and unstable middle distillate fuels for storage stability, oxidative stability, solubility, and chemical instability results. C1 USN, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivab, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Mat Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. W Springfield High Sch, Dept Sci, Springfield, VA USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem 3E2, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gmushrus@gmu.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD JUL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 9 BP 781 EP 786 DI 10.1080/00908310490449360 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 927GQ UT WOS:000229180900001 ER PT J AU Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL AF Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL TI Determination of constraint limits for cleavage initiated toughness data SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FERRITIC STEELS; DUCTILE; REGION; MODEL; T-0 AB The proper constraint limits for cleavage initiated toughness data within the ductile-to-brittle transition regime have been studied extensively using both numerical analysis and analysis of experimental data. Historically, the experimentally based constraint limits have supported less conservative limits. This study conducts analysis of existing and new experimental data developed using data sets targeted to exhibit constraint loss toughness enhancement. Constraint herein is quantified in terms of the scaled specimen deformation level, more commonly known as M. It is expected that data with low M values will exhibit the greatest affect of constraint loss. Large data sets are therefore developed and extracted from the literature that include data with a large range of M levels and at least the required number of uncensored results with M > 30 for valid To measurement as per ASTM E1921-02. Differences in the calculated To values using censoring limits of 5-500 are then determined. The onset of T-lim differences due to constraint loss is examined by simply increasing the censoring limit, M-lim, utilized in determining the indexing temperature, T-lim., and evaluating differences between T-0 and the T-lim values obtained using higher constraint limits. Bias resulting from this censoring procedure is examined using a Monte-Carlo analysis and shown to be small. Measurement of a high constraint T-0 in bend specimens is shown to require M-lim > 200. As M-lim increases from 30 to 200 in bend specimens, the corresponding T-lim can increase by approximately 15 degrees C. Further increases in M-lim do not result in substantial increases in Tlim. This evolution buttresses previous numerical findings by Dodds and co-workers [Specimen size requirements for fracture toughness testing in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime, J Test Eval 1991;191:123-34; Size and deformation limits to maintain constraint in K-Ic and J(c) testing of bend specimens. In: Kirk M, Ad Bakker, editors. Constraint effects in fracture theory and applications: second volume. ASTM STP 1244, 1995; Numerical investigation of 3-D constraint effects on brittle fracture in SE(B) and C(T) specimens, Int J Fract 1995;74:131-61] and provides a strong justification for changes to ASTM E1921-02 if a conservative, geometry insensitive, and transferable reference temperature, To, is to be determined using this standard. Possible short-term changes to ASTM E1921-02 could include raising M-lim and requiring an upward shift of SE(B) T-0 values. A more desirable solution is to adjust individual K-Jc toughness values before evaluation of T-0 to eliminate specimen geometry bias. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Regulatory Res, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jaj@usna.edu NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1559 EP 1579 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.11.001 PG 21 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 920II UT WOS:000228682200004 ER PT J AU Still, KR Jung, AE Ritchie, GD Jederberg, WW Wilfong, ER Briggs, GB Arfsten, DP AF Still, KR Jung, AE Ritchie, GD Jederberg, WW Wilfong, ER Briggs, GB Arfsten, DP TI Disposition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-nitropheno (DBNP), a submarine atmosphere contaminant, in male Sprague-Dawley rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TEP 2190; DBNP; toxicity; distribution; accumulation; rats ID OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; HYPERTHERMIA AB The phenol 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-nitrophenol (DBNP) is a contaminant found onboard submarines and is formed by the nitration of an antioxidant present in turbine lubricating oil TEP 2190. DBNP has been found on submarine interior surfaces, on eating utensils and dishes, and on the skin of submariners. DBNP exposure is a potential health concern because it is an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Adult male rats were dosed once by oral gavage with 15 or 40 mg/kg DBNP mixed with C-14-DBNP in kanola oil and 0.8 % v/v DMSO (n = 16/group). The distribution of C-14 in major tissues was measured over time for up to 240 h post-dose. Unexpectedly, 6/16 (40%) of the rats gavaged with 40 mg/kg DBNP died within 24 h of dosing. Prostration, no auditory startle response, reduced locomotor activity, and muscular rigidity persisted in survivors for up to 8 days after dosing. For animals dosed with 15 mg/kg DRNP, radioactivity levels were significantly elevated in the following tissues 24 h after dosing: fat >>> liver > kidneys > heart > lungs > brain > striated muscle > spleen. Radioactivity levels were elevated for fat, liver, kidney, heart, and lungs of animals euthanized 144 h post-dosing and in the liver of animals euthanized 240 h post-dosing. These findings suggest that DBNP may accumulate in the body as a result of continuous or repeat exposures of short interval to DBNP. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, NHRC EHEL,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, NHRC EHEL,Area B, 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 98 IS 3 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2004.08.009 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 934QV UT WOS:000229724200009 PM 15910791 ER PT J AU Hinze, WJ Aiken, C Brozena, J Coakley, B Dater, D Flanagan, G Forsberg, R Hildenbrand, T Keller, GR Kellogg, J Kucks, R Li, X Mainville, A Morin, R Pilkington, M Plouff, D Ravat, D Roman, D Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J Veronneau, M Webring, M Winester, D AF Hinze, WJ Aiken, C Brozena, J Coakley, B Dater, D Flanagan, G Forsberg, R Hildenbrand, T Keller, GR Kellogg, J Kucks, R Li, X Mainville, A Morin, R Pilkington, M Plouff, D Ravat, D Roman, D Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J Veronneau, M Webring, M Winester, D TI New standards for reducing gravity data: The North American gravity database SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL BOUGUER REDUCTION; ERRORS AB The North American gravity database as well as databases from Canada, Mexico, and the United States are being revised to improve their coverage, versatility, and accuracy. An important part of this effort is revising procedures for calculating gravity anomalies, taking into account our enhanced computational power, improved terrain databases and datums, and increased interest in more accurately defining long-wavelength anomaly components. Users of the databases may note minor differences between previous and revised database values as a result of these procedures. Generally, the differences do not impact the interpretation of local anomalies but do improve regional anomaly studies. The most striking revision is the use of the internationally accepted terrestrial ellipsoid for the height datum of gravity stations rather than the conventionally used geoid or sea level. Principal facts of gravity observations and anomalies based on both revised and previous procedures together with germane metadata will be available on an interactive Web-based data system as well as from national agencies and data centers. The use of the revised procedures is encouraged for gravity data reduction because of the widespread use of the global positioning system in gravity fieldwork and the need for increased accuracy and precision of anomalies and consistency with North American and national databases. Anomalies based on the revised standards should be preceded by the adjective "ellipsoidal" to differentiate anomalies calculated using heights with respect to the ellipsoid from those based on conventional elevations referenced to the geoid. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, N Amer Grav Database Comm, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Univ Texas, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Hinze, WJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, N Amer Grav Database Comm, 30 Brook Hollow Lane, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM bima@insightbb.com RI Li, Xiaopeng/A-8468-2009; OI Ravat, Dhananjay/0000-0003-1962-4422 NR 35 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 70 IS 4 BP J25 EP J32 DI 10.1190/1.1988183 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 949TH UT WOS:000230810500016 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA AF Bernhardt, PA TI Eye on the ionosphere SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6794,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Bern@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 174 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10291-005-0144-8 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 956NW UT WOS:000231307900010 ER PT J AU Coughlin, TA Long, SK Shen, YC AF Coughlin, TA Long, SK Shen, YC TI Assessing access to care under Medicaid: Evidence for the nation and thirteen states SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB States have broad latitude in designing their Medicaid programs; this has important implications for access to care. To understand the consequences of state variation, we evaluate, for the nation and for thirteen study states, how well the program is providing access for beneficiaries, using the level of access available to low-income privately insured people in the local health care market as our benchmark. Overall, we find that Medicaid beneficiaries' access matches that of the low-income privately insured for most of the ambulatory outcomes examined but is worse for dental services and prescription drugs. State-level analyses revealed some variation in the access gap. C1 Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA USA. RP Coughlin, TA (reprint author), Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM tcoughli@ui.urban.org NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1073 EP 1083 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.24.4.1073 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 947CV UT WOS:000230621600022 PM 16012148 ER PT J AU Chandler, KW Peddieson, J Idem, SA Rochelle, SG AF Chandler, KW Peddieson, J Idem, SA Rochelle, SG TI A comprehensive, one-dimensional model of fiber processing SO HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MASS-TRANSFER AB A one-dimensional model of fiber processing isformulated based on first principles. Several special cases are then considered, including an acetone, acetate, water, and air dry spinning process. Selected dry spinning numerical predictions are presented graphically and used to illustrate interesting aspects of the modeling. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Eastman Chem Co, Kingsport, TN 37662 USA. RP Peddieson, J (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Box 5014, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jpeddieson@tntech.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0145-7632 J9 HEAT TRANSFER ENG JI Heat Transf. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1080/01457630590951078 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 938YU UT WOS:000230040100008 ER PT J AU Chan, PK Gao, BC AF Chan, PK Gao, BC TI A comparison of MODIS, NCEP, and TMI sea surface temperature datasets SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cirrus clouds; MODIS; sea surface temperature ID INFRARED SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; IN-SITU; ALGORITHMS AB The monthly average sea surface temperature (SST) datasets of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction) and TMI (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager) are compared for the period March 2000 to June 2003. Large discrepancies (0.5 K- > 1 K) are found over extensive areas: the tropical Atlantic, tropical western Pacific, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and the storm tracks. Many of these discrepancies are related to the biases inherent in the infrared and microwave retrieval methods. Probable causes for these biases include cirrus contamination, insufficient corrections for water vapor absorption and aerosol attenuation in infrared retrieval as well as uncertainty in surface emissivity in microwave retrieval. The SST difference patterns bear close resemblance to the patterns of distribution of aerosols, cirrus, atmospheric water vapor and surface wind speed at certain regions. Correlations between SST difference and aerosol optical depth, column water vapor and surface wind speed in some areas are high (> 0.75). These biases have to be adjusted in order for the SST datasets to be more useful for climate studies. C1 Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Remote Syst & Appl, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chan, PK (reprint author), Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.846838 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949NT UT WOS:000230796100006 ER PT J AU Li, RR Remer, L Kaufman, YJ Mattoo, S Gao, BC Vermote, E AF Li, RR Remer, L Kaufman, YJ Mattoo, S Gao, BC Vermote, E TI Snow and ice mask for the MODIS aerosol products SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE teaerosol; ice; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); snow ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; COVER; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; INDEX; WATER AB Atmospheric products have been derived operationally from multichannel imaging data collected with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on-board the Terra and Aqua spacecrafts. Preliminary validations of the products were previously reported. Through analysis of more extensive time-series of MODIS aerosol products (Collection 4), we have found that the aerosol products over land areas are slightly contaminated by snow and ice during the springtime snow-melting season. We have developed an empirical technique using MODIS near-infrared channels centered near 0.86 and 1.24 mu m and a thermal emission channel near 11 mu m to mask out these snow-contaminated pixels over land. Improved aerosol retrievals over land have been obtained. Sample results from application of the technique to MODIS data acquired over North America, northern Europe, and northeastern Asia are presented. The technique has been implemented into the MODIS Collection 5 operational algorithm for retrieving aerosols over land from MODIS data. C1 Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM lirongr@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 306 EP 310 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2005.847755 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 949NT UT WOS:000230796100014 ER PT J AU Chun, ST Choe, JY AF Chun, ST Choe, JY TI A higher order FDTD method in integral formulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE dispersion; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD); integro-difference time-domain (IDTD); stability ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; PHASE ERROR; DISPERSION; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY; LAYER AB We present a fourth-order (4, 4) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)-like algorithm based on the integral form of Maxwell's equations. The algorithm, which is called the integro-difference time-domain (IDTD) method, achieves its fourth-order accuracy in space and time by taking into account the spatial and temporal variations of electromagnetic fields within each computational cell. In the algorithm, the electromagnetic fields within each cell are represented by space and time integrals (or integral averages) of the fields, i.e., the electric and magnetic fluxes (D, B) are represented by the surface-integral average, and the electric and magnetic fields (E, H) by the line and time integral average. In order to relate the integral average fields in the staggered update equations, we have obtained constitutive relations for these fields. It is shown that the IDTD update equations combined with the constitutive relations are fourth-order accurate both in space and time. The fourth-order correction terms are represented by the modified coefficients in the update equations; the numerical structure remains the same as the conventional second-order update equations and more importantly does not require the storage of field variables at the previous time steps to obtain the fourth-order accuracy in time. Furthermore, the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability criteria of this fourth-order algorithm turns out to be identical to the stability limits of conventional second-order FDTD scheme based on differential formulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chun, ST (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chun@cem.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 53 IS 7 BP 2237 EP 2246 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.850708 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 944IL UT WOS:000230420600015 ER PT J AU Hill, MJ Ticehurst, CJ Lee, JS Grunes, MR Donald, GE Henry, D AF Hill, MJ Ticehurst, CJ Lee, JS Grunes, MR Donald, GE Henry, D TI Integration of optical and radar classifications for mapping pasture type in western Australia SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE botanical composition; grazing lands; herbage height; land-use classification; radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID POLARIMETRIC SAR; UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; SAHEL MALI; SCATTERING; DECOMPOSITION; SEGMENTATION; BACKSCATTER; GRASSLAND; IMAGES; AREAS AB In this study, independent classifications of Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery and Jet Propulsion Laboratory AirSAR were combined to create an integrated classification of pasture and other vegetation types for a study area in the agricultural zone of Western Australia. The resulting classification combines greenness and brightness information from optical data with structure and water content information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Field observations of vegetation type, botanical composition, ground cover percentage, wet and dry biomass, canopy height, and soil water content were collected at 34 sites representing a range of pastures, browse shrubs, and crops. An unsupervised version of the Complex Wishart classification procedure, based on preserving scattering characteristics from the Freeman and Durden backscatter decomposition, was applied to the C-, L-, and P-band polarimetric SAR data. The optical classification was carried out using a principle component analysis on the green, red, and near-infrared bands and clustering on the basis of a class centroid distance measure and knowledge of ground targets. These two classification results were then fused together. Assessment of a confusion matrix using the individual sites showed that identification of more uniform, dense, and structurally distinct canopies was better than that of more diverse, sparse, and structurally ambiguous canopies, as the former were better represented by the canopy height attribute used in the SAR classification component. The optical classification enabled correction of SAR misclassification of vegetation due to surface roughness and soil moisture effects, or similar backscatter responses from herbaceous or arboreal canopies. The results show that simplification of vegetation into groups based upon properties with sensitive responses in both the optical and SAR domains, and combination of separate SAR and optical classifications, has potential for improving classification of diverse and heterogeneous herbaceous and browse cover in grazing lands. However, collection of ground calibration data must be at an appropriate spatial scale and include canopy and surface measurements directly related to backscatter mechanisms and spectral sensitivity. C1 Bur Rural Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Div Remote Sensing, Image Sci Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CSIRO Livestock Ind, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. RP Hill, MJ (reprint author), Bur Rural Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM michael.hill@brs.gov.au; catherine.ticehurst@csiro.au; lee@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; graham.donald@csiro.au OI Hill, Michael/0000-0003-4570-7467 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1665 EP 1681 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.846868 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 940MZ UT WOS:000230149900022 ER PT J AU Trafton, JG Cassimatis, NL Bugajska, MD Brock, DP Mintz, FE Schultz, AC AF Trafton, JG Cassimatis, NL Bugajska, MD Brock, DP Mintz, FE Schultz, AC TI Enabling effective human-robot interaction using perspective-taking in robots SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE cognitive modeling; human-robot-interaction; perspective-taking AB We propose that an important aspect of human-robot interaction is perspective-taking. We show how perspective-taking occurs in a naturalistic environment (astronauts working on a collaborative project) and present a cognitive architecture for performing perspective-taking called Polyscheme. Finally, we show a fully integrated system that instantiates our theoretical framework within a working robot system. Our system successfully solves a series of perspective-taking problems and uses the same frames of references that astronauts do to facilitate collaborative problem solving with a person. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NRL, ITT, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trafton, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM trafton@itd.nrl.navy.mil; cassin@rpi.edu; magda@aic.nrl.navy.mil; brock@itd.nrl.navy.mil; mintz@aic.nrl.navy.mil; schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 460 EP 470 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2005.850592 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 936OO UT WOS:000229865500004 ER PT J AU Blunt, SD Ho, KC AF Blunt, SD Ho, KC TI An iterative approximate MAP symbol estimator for unooded synchronous CDMA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE code division multiple access (CDMA); maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation; multiuser communications; multiuser detection ID MULTIPLE-ACCESS CHANNELS; MULTIUSER DETECTION; INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION; SYSTEMS; DETECTORS AB This paper proposes an iterative algorithm for multiuser detection in uncoded synchronous code division multiple access communication systems based upon an approximate maximum a posteriori (MAP) formulation. For symbol estimation in the continuous domain, direct use of the a priori symbol distribution in the estimation process is prohibited because it is not differentiable. The proposed algorithm approximates the discrete finite alphabet symbol distribution by a sum of continuous Gaussian distributions centered at the true values of the symbol constellation. This approximation allows the development of a gradient-based iterative MAP estimator that employs the structure of the particular symbol constellation to improve estimation accuracy. Although iterative, the proposed method does not use a tentative solution from another multiuser detector. Simplifications of the proposed algorithm for, constant modulus modulation and its special forms for M-ary phase-shift keying are given. Also, an optimum step size is derived to achieve fast convergence. The performance of the proposed algorithm is shown to outperform other well-known multiuser detectors such as minimum mean square error, the decorrelator, and the multistage hard-decision parallel interference canceller, especially for the near/far scenario. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Blunt, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blunt@radar.nrl.navy.mil; hod@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1276 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1663 EP 1673 DI 10.1109/TWC.2005.850370 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 967UK UT WOS:000232116500047 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimum heat conductance distribution for power optimization of a regenerated closed Brayton cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite time thermodynamics; closed regenerated Brayton cycle; irreversible cycle; power output; performance optimization ID FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; GAS-TURBINE; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; MAXIMUM POWER; ENGINE; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, the power output of the cycle is taken as objective for performance optimization of an irreversible regenerated closed Brayton cycle coupled to constant-temperature thermal energy reservoirs in the viewpoint of finite time thermodynamics (FIT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM). The analytical formulae about the relations between power output and pressure ratio are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and turbine, and the pressure drop loss in the piping. The maximum power output optimization is performed by searching the optimum heat conductance distribution corresponding to the optimum power output among the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator for the fixed total heat exchanger inventory. The influence of some design parameters, including the temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs, the total heat exchanger inventory, the efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine, and the pressure recovery coefficient, on the optimum heat conductance distribution and the maximum power output are provided. The power plant design with optimization leads to smaller size including the compressor, turbine, and the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1543-5075 J9 INT J GREEN ENERGY JI Int. J. Green Energy PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 243 EP 258 DI 10.1080/01971520500198783 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 047MJ UT WOS:000237883100002 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Performance optimization of a class of finite time heat engines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; MAXIMUM POWER; EFFICIENCY AB The effect of heat resistance and heat leakage on the optimal performance of finite time heat engines is investigated in this paperbased on a generalized heat transfer law q proportional to Delta(T-n). The analytical relation between optimal power output and efficiency for steady-state flow irreversible heat engines is derived. The analysis includes the optimal performance characteristics of several types of heat engines with different loss item and different heat transfer laws. A numerical example is provided for illustrating the power output versus efficiency characteristics. Results shown that the heat transfer law does affect the performance of these heat engines. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Postgrad Sch, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@yahoo.com NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1543-5075 J9 INT J GREEN ENERGY JI Int. J. Green Energy PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.1080/01971520500198916 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 047MJ UT WOS:000237883100006 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP Danforth, DN Albert, P Sciuto, LC Smith, SL Camphausen, KA Poggi, MM AF Brooks, JP Danforth, DN Albert, P Sciuto, LC Smith, SL Camphausen, KA Poggi, MM TI Early ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences after breast conservation affect survival: An analysis of the National Cancer Institute randomized trial SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol DE breast carcinoma; conservation; local recurrence; prognostic factors; survival ID 25-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; LOCAL RECURRENCE; CONSERVING THERAPY; DISTANT METASTASES; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; MASTECTOMY; CARCINOMA; RADIOTHERAPY; IRRADIATION; LUMPECTOMY AB Purpose: To evaluate the effect of an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conservation therapy (BCT) on survival. Methods and Materials: One hundred twenty-one women were randomized to BCT. Patients with an IBTR were analyzed to determine survival. Analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank tests, and time-dependent covariate Cox models. Results: At a median follow-up of 18.4 years, 27 patients had an IBTR. The median survival time after IBTR was 13.1 years. The 5-year survival rate was 91.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.5-100%). The 10-year survival rate was 54.3% (95% CI, 35.8-82.6%). According to a Cox model with time-dependent covariates, the hazard ratio or relative risk of dying for those with an IBTR at < 5.3 years after BCT relative to patients without an IBTR after BCT is 1.47 (95% CI, 1.02-2.12%; p = 0.04). The hazard ratio for those who relapse after 5.3 years is 0.59 (95% CI, 0.22-1.61%; p = 0.31). Age at randomization, original tumor size, and the presence of positive regional nodes at initial presentation were not found to be associated with decreased survival. Conclusions: There seems to be a significant association of early IBTR after BCT with decreased survival. Local control should be maximized. C1 USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NCI, Radiat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Surg Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Poggi, MM (reprint author), USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM MMPoggi@Bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 785 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.12.001 PG 5 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 935FY UT WOS:000229766300026 PM 15936560 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Lee, TF Fennimore, RL AF Miller, SD Lee, TF Fennimore, RL TI Satellite-based imagery techniques for daytime cloud/snow delineation from MODIS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNOW-COVER PRODUCTS; MU-M; CLOUDS; DISCRIMINATION; REFLECTANCE; METEOSAT AB This paper presents two multispectral enhancement techniques for distinguishing between regions of cloud and snow cover using optical spectrum passive radiometer satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Fundamental to the techniques are the 1.6- and 2.2-mu m shortwave infrared bands that are useful in distinguishing between absorbing snow cover (having low reflectance) and less absorbing liquid-phase clouds (higher reflectance). The 1.38-mu m band helps to overcome ambiguities that arise in the case of optically thin cirrus. Designed to provide straightforward, stand-alone environmental characterization for operational forecasters (e.g., military weather forecasters in the context of mission planning), these products portray the information that is contained within complex scenes as value-added, readily interpretable imagery at the highest available spatial resolution. Their utility in scene characterization and quality control of digital snow maps is demonstrated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,MS 2, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 44 IS 7 BP 987 EP 997 DI 10.1175/JAM2252.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 955JA UT WOS:000231221000002 ER PT J AU Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL AF Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL TI Robust and regenerable integrally gated carbon nanotube field emitter arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; SIDEWALL PROTECTOR; EMISSION DISPLAYS; FABRICATION; SILICON; TRIODE AB We have grown multiwalled carbon nanotubes by chemical-vapor deposition on two types of gated structures, one containing a silicon post, and another having an open aperture. A gate current to anode-current ratio of 2.5%, the lowest of any nanotube field emitter arrays was measured for the open aperture configuration. The silicon post structures produced 1-nA emission current at gate voltages below 20 V and up to 1 mA at 40 V (from 0.5-mm(2) area). The emission was relatively stable compared to other field emitter arrays and destructive arcing was not observed. The gate voltage needed to produce a given emission current was reduced by adsorbed water vapor and was unaffected by xenon. Emission in hydrogen at pressures near 10(-4) Torr also increased the emission current, and restored a large fraction of the original emission current to arrays degraded by operation in oxygen. Electron energy distributions broaden and shift to lower energies at higher emission current. The broadening can be explained by the potentials developed at the silicon-nanotube contacts, and at the nanotube-vacuum interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dhsu@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 1 AR 014314 DI 10.1063/1.1946196 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 953FO UT WOS:000231062200102 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Still, KR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ Jederberg, WW Bobb, AJ AF Arfsten, DP Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Still, KR Brinkley, WW Schaeffer, DJ Jederberg, WW Bobb, AJ TI Acute and subacute dermal toxicity of Break-Free CLP (R): a weapons cleaning and maintenance compound SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Break-Free CLP; polyalphaolefin; dermal effects; dermal toxicity; nitric oxide ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; KINASE-C ISOFORMS; CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY; CROTON-OIL; HAIR LOSS; SKIN; IRRITATION; ALOPECIA; DERMATITIS; EXPOSURE AB Break-Free CLP(R) is a commercial cleaning, lubricating and preserving compound used in both the military and civilian sectors for maintenance of small- and large-caliber weapons. Like many commercial mixtures, there is very little information available, on the toxicity of Break-Free CLP. Studies were conducted to characterize the biological effects of single or repeat dermal application of Break-Free CLP to the clipped backs of CD-1 mice. Break-Free CLP was applied neat, 50 mu l three times of week for up to 2 weeks. Foci of epithelial ulceration were observed in skin sections from 22% of Break-Free CLP-treated animals in conjunction with markedly thickened epithelium suggesting that robust epithelial regeneration was occurring in these animals. Skin histopathology of Break-Free CLP-treated animals closely matched the histopathology from mice treated repeatedly with 2% croton oil in acetone (dermal irritation positive control). Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for mice treated with Break-Free CLP, 2% croton oil or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) compared with negative and vehicle control mice. Skin nitric oxide (NO) levels were not significantly elevated for mice treated with Break-Free CLP but were significantly elevated for mice treated with dermal irritation positive control compound DMBA. The cumulative skin changes in Break-Free CLP-treated animals support conducting a subchronic dermal application study. The observed decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase activity suggest that future studies should include the liver and bone as possible target organs. Additionally, dermal penetration studies could provide key health risk assessment information for characterizing the potential health risks associated with chronic dermal exposure to Break-Free CLP. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1002/jat.1069 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 947QP UT WOS:000230661500006 PM 16025432 ER PT J AU Sun, J Burns, SP Vandemark, D Donelan, MA Mahrt, L Crawford, TL Herbers, THC Crescenti, GH French, JR AF Sun, J Burns, SP Vandemark, D Donelan, MA Mahrt, L Crawford, TL Herbers, THC Crescenti, GH French, JR TI Measurement of directional wave spectra using aircraft laser altimeters SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; OCEAN SURFACE-WAVES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; NUMBER SPECTRA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PART II; FLUX; TURBULENCE; FIELDS; PITCH AB A remote sensing method to measure directional oceanic surface waves by three laser altimeters on the NOAA LongEZ aircraft is investigated. To examine feasibility and sensitivity of the wavelet analysis method to various waves, aircraft motions, and aircraft flight directions relative to wave propagation directions, idealized surface waves are simulated from various idealized aircraft flights. In addition, the wavelet analysis method is also applied to two cases from field measurements, and the results are compared with traditional wave spectra from buoys. Since the wavelet analysis method relies on the "wave slopes" measured through phase differences between the time series of the laser distances between the aircraft and sea surface at spatially separated locations, the resolved directional wavenumber and wave propagation direction are not affected by aircraft motions if the resolved frequencies of the aircraft motion and the wave are not the same. However, the encounter wave frequency, which is directly resolved using the laser measurement from the moving aircraft, is affected by the Doppler shift due to aircraft motion relative to wave propagations. The wavelet analysis method could fail if the aircraft flies in the direction such that the aircraft speed along the wave propagation direction is the same as the wave phase speed (i.e., the aircraft flies along wave crests or troughs) or if two waves with different wavelengths and phase speed have the same encountered wavelength from the aircraft. In addition, the data noise due to laser measurement uncertainty or natural isotropic surface elevation perturbations can also affect the relative phase difference between the laser distance measurements, which in turn affects the accuracy of the resolved wavenumber and wave propagation direction. The smallest waves measured by the lasers depend on laser sampling rate and horizontal distances between the lasers (for the LongEZ this is 2 m). The resolved wave direction and wavenumber at the peak wave from the two field experiments compared well with on-site buoy observations. Overall, the study demonstrates that three spatially separated laser altimeters on moving platforms can be utilized to resolve two-dimensional wave spectra. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Univ Miami, RSMAS Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, ARL, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FLP Energy, Juno Beach, FL USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sun, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, POB 3000,3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jsun@ucar.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015 OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914 NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 869 EP 885 DI 10.1175/JTECH1729.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500007 ER PT J AU Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC AF Ardhuin, F Herbers, THC TI Numerical and physical diffusion: Can wave prediction models resolve directional spread? SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SWELL TRANSFORMATION; BOTTOM FRICTION; SHALLOW-WATER; REFRACTION; EVOLUTION; SPECTRUM; BEACH AB A new semi-Lagrangian advection scheme called multistep ray advection is proposed for solving the spectral energy balance equation of ocean surface gravity waves. Existing so-called piecewise ray methods advect wave energy over a single time step using "pieces" of ray trajectories, after which the spectrum is updated with source terms representing various physical processes. The generalized scheme presented here allows for an arbitrary number N of advection time steps along the same rays, thus reducing numerical diffusion, and still including source-term variations every time step. Tests are performed for alongshore uniform bottom topography, and the effects of two types of discretizations of the wave spectrum are investigated, a finite-bandwidth representation and a single frequency and direction per spectral band. In the limit of large N, both the accuracy and computation cost of the method increase, approaching a nondiffusive fully Lagrangian scheme. Even for N = I the semi-Lagrangian scheme test results show less numerical diffusion than predictions of the commonly used first-order upwind finite-difference scheme. Application to the refraction and shoaling of narrow swell spectra across a continental shelf illustrates the importance of controlling numerical diffusion. Numerical errors in a single-step (Delta t = 600 s) scheme implemented on the North Carolina continental shelf (typical swell propagation time across the shelf is about 3 h) are shown to be comparable to the angular diffusion predicted by the wave-bottom Bragg scattering theory, in particular for narrow directional spectra, suggesting that the true directional spread of swell may not always be resolved in existing wave prediction models, because of excessive numerical diffusion. This diffusion is effectively suppressed in cases presented here with a four-step semi-Lagrangian scheme, using the same value of Delta t. C1 EPSHOM, CMO, RED, F-29609 Brest, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ardhuin, F (reprint author), EPSHOM, CMO, RED, Vagues & Domaine Littoral,13 Rue Chatellier, F-29609 Brest, France. EM ardhuin@shom.fr RI Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011 OI Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 886 EP 895 DI 10.1175/JTECH1723.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500008 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Wallcraft, AJ AF Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Wallcraft, AJ TI Stability-dependent exchange coefficients for air-sea fluxes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL; SOUTH CHINA SEA; WIND STRESS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; FLOW DISTORTION; WATER TURBIDITY; VAPOR-PRESSURE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ENERGY FLUX AB This study introduces exchange coefficients for wind stress (C-D), latent heat flux (C-L), and sensible heat flux (Cs) over the global ocean. They are obtained from the state-of-the-art Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk algorithm (version 3.0). Using the exchange coefficients from this bulk scheme, C-D, C-L, and C-s are then expressed as simple polynomial functions of air-sea temperature difference (T-a - T-s)-where air temperature (T-a) is at 10 m, wind speed (V-a) is at 10 m, and relative humidity (RH) is at the air-sea interface-to parameterize stability. The advantage of using polynomial-based exchange coefficients is that they do not require any iterations for stability. In addition, they agree with results from the COARE algorithm but at approximate to 5 times lower computation cost, an advantage that is particularly needed for ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) and climate models running at high horizontal resolution and short time steps. The effects of any water vapor flux in calculating the exchange coefficients are taken into account in the polynomial functions, a feature that is especially important at low wind speeds (e.g., V-a < 5 m s(-1)) because air-sea mixing ratio difference can have a major effect on the stability, particularly in tropical regions. Analyses of exchange coefficients demonstrate the fact that water vapor can have substantial impact on air-sea exchange coefficients at low wind speeds. An example application of the exchange coefficients from the polynomial approach is the recalculation of climatological mean wind stress magnitude from 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data in the North Pacific Ocean over 1979-2002. Using ECMWF 10-m winds and the authors' methodology provides accurate surface stresses while largely eliminating the orographically induced Gibb's waves found in the original ERA-40 surface wind stresses. These can have a large amplitude near mountainous regions and can extend far into the ocean interior. This study introduces exchange coefficients of air-sea fluxes, which are applicable to the wide range of conditions occurring over the global ocean, including the air-sea stability differences across the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio, regions which have been the subject of many climate model studies. This versatility results because CD, C, and C. are determined for V, values of 1 to 40 m s(-1), (T-a - T-s), intervals of -8 degrees to 7 degrees C, and RH values of 0% to 100%. Exchange coefficients presented here are called the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Air-Sea Exchange Coefficients (NASEC) and they are suitable for a wide range of air-sea interaction studies and model applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 29 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1080 EP 1094 DI 10.1175/JTECH1747.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 960MA UT WOS:000231595500022 ER PT J AU Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Ngai, KL AF Hensel-Bielowka, S Paluch, M Ngai, KL TI Emergence of the genuine Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation in m-fluoroaniline after suppression of hydrogen-bond-induced clusters by elevating temperature and pressure SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC GLASS FORMERS; LIQUID M-TOLUIDINE; COUPLING MODEL; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; META-TOLUIDINE; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; HETEROGENEITIES AB The dielectric spectra of the glass former, m-fluoroaniline (m-FA), at ambient pressure show the presence of a secondary relaxation, which was identified in the literature as the universal Johari-Goldstein (JG) beta relaxation. However, published elastic neutron scattering and simulation data [D. Morineau, C. Alba-Simionesco, M. C. Bellisent-Funel, and M. F. Lauthie, Europhys. Lett. 43, 195 (1998); D. Morineau and C. Alba-Simionesco, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 8494 (1998)] showed the presence of hydrogen-bond-induced clusters of limited size in m-FA at ambient pressure and temperature of the dielectric measurements. The observed secondary relaxation may originate from the hydrogen-bond-induced clusters. If so, it should not be identified with the JG beta relaxation that involves essentially all parts of the molecule and has certain characteristics [K. L. Ngai and M. Paluch, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 857 (2004)], but then arises the question of where is the supposedly universal JG beta relaxation in m-FA. To gain a better understanding and resolving the problem, we perform dielectric measurements at elevated pressures and temperatures to suppress the hydrogen-bond-induced clusters and find significant changes in the dielectric spectra. The secondary relaxation observed at ambient pressure in m-FA is suppressed, indicating that indeed it originates from the hydrogen-bond-induced clusters. The spectra of m-FA are transformed at high temperature and pressure to become similar to that of toluene. The new secondary relaxation that emerges in the spectra has properties of a genuine JG relaxation like in toluene. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hensel-Bielowka, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 1 AR 014502 DI 10.1063/1.1946752 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 945HM UT WOS:000230493600025 PM 16035850 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Baruah, T Allen, PB Schmidt, C AF Pederson, MR Baruah, T Allen, PB Schmidt, C TI Density-functional-based determination of vibrational polarizabilities in molecules within the double-harmonic approximation: Derivation and application SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; AB-INITIO; INFRARED INTENSITIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL-CLUSTERS; C-60; HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; ATOMS; DIMER AB We present a nonperturbative derivation for the primary contribution to the vibrational polarizability for molecules, clusters, and other finite systems. Using a double-harmonic approximation and a finite-field approach the vibrational polarizability is calculated within the generalized gradient approximation to the density functional theory for a variety of molecules and clusters. The agreement between theory and experiment is quite good. The results show that for small ionic molecules and clusters, inclusion of the vibrational polarizability is necessary to achieve agreement with experiment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.pederson@nrl.navy.mil NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 1 IS 4 BP 590 EP 596 DI 10.1021/ct050061t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 961TV UT WOS:000231685600009 PM 26641679 ER PT J AU Purkayastha, A Su, J McGraw, J Ditty, SE Hadfield, TL Seto, J Russell, KL Tibbetts, C Seto, D AF Purkayastha, A Su, J McGraw, J Ditty, SE Hadfield, TL Seto, J Russell, KL Tibbetts, C Seto, D TI Genomic and bioinformatics analyses of HAdV-4vac and HAdV-7vac, two human adenovirus (HAdV) strains that constituted original prophylaxis against HAdV-related acute respiratory disease, a reemerging epidemic disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-REPLICATION; VECTOR DEVELOPMENT; MILITARY TRAINEES; GENE-THERAPY; LIVE TYPE-7; SPECIES B1; VACCINES; VIRUS; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS AB Vaccine strains of human adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7 (HAdV-4vac and RAdV-7vac) have been used successfully to prevent adenovirus-related acute respiratory disease outbreaks. The genomes of these two vaccine strains have been sequenced, annotated, and compared with their prototype equivalents with the goals of understanding their genomes for molecular diagnostics applications, vaccine redevelopment, and RAdV pathoepidemiology. These reference genomes are archived in GenBank as HAdV-4vac (35,994 bp; AY594254) and HAdV-7vac (35,240 bp; AY594256). Bioinformatics and comparative whole-genome analyses with their recently reported and archived prototype genomes reveal six mismatches and four insertions-deletions (indels) between the HAdV-4 prototype and vaccine strains, in contrast to the 611 mismatches and 130 indels between the HAdV-7 prototype and vaccine strains. Annotation reveals that the HAdV-4vac and RAdV-7vac genomes contain 51 and 50 coding units, respectively. Neither vaccine strain appears to be attenuated for virulence based on bioinformatics analyses. There is evidence of genome recombination, as the inverted terminal repeat of HAdV-4vac is initially identical to that of species C whereas the prototype is identical to species B1. These vaccine reference sequences yield unique genome signatures for molecular diagnostics. As a molecular forensics application, these references identify the circulating and problematic 1950s era field strains as the original HAdV-4 prototype and the Greider prototype, from which the vaccines are derived. Thus, they are useful for genomic comparisons to current epidemic and reemerging field strains, as well as leading to an understanding of pathoepidemiology among the human adenoviruses. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Directorate Modernizat SGR, HQ USAF Surgeon Gen Off, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. EOS Consortium, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Seto, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, 10900 Univ Blvd,MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM dseto@gmu.edu NR 57 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3083 EP 3094 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3083-3094.2005 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947AR UT WOS:000230614900009 PM 16000418 ER PT J AU Pan, D Dutta, I Jadhav, SG Raiser, GF Ma, S AF Pan, D Dutta, I Jadhav, SG Raiser, GF Ma, S TI Impression creep characterization of 90Pb-10Sn microelectronic solder balls at subsolvus and supersolvus temperatures SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 90Pb-10Sn; high lead solder; microstructure; impression creep ID SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; TENSILE BEHAVIOR; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; VISCOUS GLIDE; PB; SN; DIFFUSION; LEAD; INDENTATION; TRANSITION AB The creep behavior of Pb-10wt.%Sn, a common high-lead solder used in microelectronic packaging, was studied by impression creep testing of ball-grid-array (BGA) solder balls attached to an organic substrate, both above and below the solvus temperature (408 K). Below the solvus temperature, the solder microstructure consists of roughly equiaxed grains of the Pb-rich solid solution alpha, which contains < 5wt.%Sn in solution, with a coarse dispersion of Sn-rich beta precipitates. Here, the creep behavior of the solder is controlled by dislocation climb via dislocation core diffusion, yielding n approximate to 4 and Q approximate to 60 kJ/mole. Above the solvus temperature, where the entire 10wt.%Sn is in solution, the creep mechanism becomes controlled by viscous glide of dislocations, limited by solute drag, with n approximate to 3 and Q approximate to 92 kJ/mole. Based on experimental data, creep equations for the as-reflowed solder in the two temperature regimes are given. Comparison of the present data with those available in the literature showed good agreement with the proposed laws. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Intel Corp, Assembly Technol Dev, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. RP Pan, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.edu RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1040 EP 1046 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0093-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 945JV UT WOS:000230499700010 ER PT J AU Ralston, ME Euwema, MS Knecht, KR Ziolkowski, TJ Coakley, TA Cline, SM AF Ralston, ME Euwema, MS Knecht, KR Ziolkowski, TJ Coakley, TA Cline, SM TI Comparison of levalbuterol and racemic albuterol combined with ipratropium bromide in acute pediatric asthma: A randomized controlled trial SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Uniformed Services Pediatric Seminar CY MAR, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Pediatr DE asthma; children; ipratropium; levalbuterol; racemic albuterol ID NEBULIZED IPRATROPIUM; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; PLACEBO; SAFETY AB Our study compared levalbuterol (LEV) to the combination of racemic albuterol (RAC) and ipratropium bromide (113) in 140 patients aged 6-18 years presenting to a tertiary hospital Emergency Department with acute asthma and a peak expired flow rate (PEF) < 80% predicted. Patients were randomized to: LEV (<= 6 nebs LEV 1.25 mg); or RAC/IB (<= 3 nebs RAC 5.0 mg + IB 0.25 mg followed as needed by :5 3 nebs RAC 5.0 mg). No difference was noted in the study population (mean age 11.6 years and initial mean predicted PEF 49.5%) between LEV (n = 72) and RAC/IB (n = 68) for study outcomes except for measures of heart rate (HR). Median % HR increase for RAC/IB (26%) exceeded LEV (9%) (p < 0.001). In a sample of children with acute asthma and initial mean PEF < 50% predicted, LEV was associated with less tachycardia but had no other advantage over RAC combined with IB. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Ralston, ME (reprint author), 1117 Rainier Circle, Oak Harbor, WA 98277 USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2005.02.003 PG 7 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 938XA UT WOS:000230035500006 PM 15961004 ER PT J AU Crumpton, BJ Goodell, GG McClanahan, SB AF Crumpton, BJ Goodell, GG McClanahan, SB TI Effects on smear layer and debris removal with varying volumes of 17% REDTA after rotary instrumentation SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION; MOLAR ROOT CANALS; IN-VITRO; ENDODONTIC IMPLICATIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; HAND INSTRUMENTATION; SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; CLEANING EFFICACY; FILE PREP; IRRIGATION AB The purpose of this study was to quantify the volume of 17% ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) needed to efficiently remove the smear layer after rotary instrumentation, and to determine if additional irrigation has any effect on debris removal. Forty single canal teeth were instrumented with ProFile GT rotary instruments. Experimental groups were irrigated with 1, 3, or 10 ml of 17% EDTA for 1 min, followed by a final rinse with 3 ml of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Samples were scored for debris remaining and examined under SEM to determine quality of smear layer removal. There were no significant differences among groups when comparing either debris remaining or quality of smear layer removal. EDTA irrigation volume greater than 1 ml did not improve debris removal. Efficient removal of the smear layer was accomplished with a final rinse of 1 ml of 17% EDTA for 1 min, followed by 3 ml of 5.25% NaOCl. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Endodont Dept, Bethesda, MD USA. RP McClanahan, SB (reprint author), 5419 Flint Tavern Pl, Burke, VA 22015 USA. EM SBMcClanahan@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 30 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 31 IS 7 BP 536 EP 538 DI 10.1097/01.don.0000148871.72896.1d PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 941MY UT WOS:000230220100014 PM 15980717 ER PT J AU Wong, CP Miller, PJ AF Wong, CP Miller, PJ TI Vibrational spectroscopic studies of alane SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Raman; infrared; alane; compression ID ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; COMPRESSION AB Alane has been subjected to Raman studies under static compression. The Raman spectra showed four modes, which increased in frequency as pressure was increased from ambient to 6.6 GPa. From the pressure dependence, the pressure coefficient, d nu(i)/dP, for each mode has been estimated and used to evaluate the mode Gruneisen parameter gamma(i) for that mode. Independently the thermodynamic Gruneisen parameter gamma(th) has also been calculated using the pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus value from the literature. Preliminary infrared spectra were also collected under ambient conditions and are discussed with those reported in the literature for alane polymorphs. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Wong, CP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM chak.wong@navy.mil NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD JUL-SEP PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1080/07370650591001844 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 962FL UT WOS:000231716300003 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD Fallis, S Hollins, RA Prokopuk, N Bui, RN AF Seltzer, MD Fallis, S Hollins, RA Prokopuk, N Bui, RN TI Curcuminoid ligands for sensitization of near-infrared lanthanide emission SO JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE LA English DT Article DE lanthanide; curcumin; chelate; sensitized fluorescence; near-infrared ID INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY TRANSFER; TRIPLET-STATE; COMPLEXES; LUMINESCENCE; YTTERBIUM(III); IR; NEODYMIUM; PROTEINS; EUROPIUM; BEARING AB Fluorescent lanthanide complexes were synthesized using a non-phenolic analog of curcumin as the principal chromophoric chelating ligand. Sensitized, near-infrared fluorescence is observed in these complexes as a result of photo-excitation of the chromophoric ligands, population of the molecular triplet state, and transfer of energy to the emitting lanthanide ion. For the purpose of intra-molecular energy transfer, the triplet states of curcuminoid ligands are more favorably matched with the excited electronic states of neodymium and ytterbium ions than those associated with less conjugated beta-diketonate ligands. Sensitization of fluorescence through an internal redox reaction, thought to occur in other ytterbium complexes, is predicted to be less probable under the present circumstances. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Air Warfare Ctr, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM michael.seltzer@navy.mil NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0509 J9 J FLUORESC JI J. Fluoresc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1007/s10895-005-2832-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 965HH UT WOS:000231940700015 PM 16167217 ER PT J AU Ross, IM D'Souza, CN AF Ross, IM D'Souza, CN TI Hybrid optimal control framework for mission planning SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS AB . With the progressive sophistication of future missions, it has become increasingly apparent that a new framework is necessary for efficient planning, analysis, and optimization of various concepts of operations (CONOPS). In recognizing that CONOPS involve categorical variables, we propose a hybrid optimal control framework that mathematically formalizes such problems. Hybrid optimal control theory extends ordinary optimal control theory by including categorical variables in the problem formulation. The proposed formalism frees mission planners to focus on high-level decision making by automating and optimizing the details of the inner loops. The eventual goal of this formalism is to develop efficient tools and techniques to support the objective of increasing autonomy for, future systems. In using the pseudospectral knotting method to solve hybrid optimal control problems, we generate a mixed-variable programming (MVP) problem. A simple, feasible integer programming subproblem is identified that reduces the combinatorial complexity of solving the MVP. In addition to developing the framework using various examples from aerospace engineering, we provide details for a two-agent benchmark problem associated with a multiagent launch system. The entire process is illustrated with a numerical example. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Aerosp Syst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM imross@nps.navy.mil; dsouza@jsc.draper.com NR 56 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 686 EP 697 DI 10.2514/1.8285 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 944OI UT WOS:000230438000013 ER PT J AU Schindler, JR AF Schindler, JR TI Deceiving the deceivers: Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, and Guy Burgess. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Schindler, JR (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 882 EP 883 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0190 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 943RU UT WOS:000230372800049 ER PT J AU Kelley, K Pehrsson, PE Ericson, LM Zhao, W AF Kelley, K Pehrsson, PE Ericson, LM Zhao, W TI Optical pH response of DNA wrapped HiPco carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE single-walled carbon nanotubes; HiPco; DNA; solubilization; surface functionalization; aqueous solution; pH dependence; optical absorption; biosensor ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SEPARATION; BIOSENSORS; WATER AB Solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution by surface functionalization is of great interest for biosensor applications and separation of individual nanotubes. Here we have observed that HiPco nanotubes can be stably dispersed into double-stranded DNA aqueous solutions. Interestingly, the first optical interband transitions of the DNA wrapped semiconducting HiPco nanotubes possess a unique pH dependence, a phenomenon observed in SDS-encased and carboxylic group functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. The unique optical pH dependence of surface modified semiconducting nanotubes may have promising applications in optical biosensors. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1044 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.155 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 942XN UT WOS:000230316300005 PM 16108424 ER PT J AU Rivet, DJ Wanebo, JE Roberts, GA Dacey, RG AF Rivet, DJ Wanebo, JE Roberts, GA Dacey, RG TI Use of a side branch in a saphenous vein interposition graft for high-flow extracranial-intracranial bypass procedures - Technical note SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE saphenous vein bypass; high-flow graft; vein interposition grafts; external carotid-internal carotid bypass ID INTERNAL CAROTID-ARTERY; DISEASE AB Saphenous vein (SV) interposition grafts are often used for high-flow extracranial-intracranial bypass procedures. During these procedures, it is essential to remove air and debris from the graft and to evaluate blood flow through the graft after it has been anastomosed to other cortical vessels. In this paper, the authors describe the preservation of a large side branch on the proximal end of the SV. This side branch can be used to flush out air and debris from the graft and to evaluate blood flow during revascularization. C1 Intervent Neuroradiol Serv, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, St Louis, MO USA. Royal Preston Hosp, Preston Acute Hosp Nalt Hlth Serv Trust, Preston, Lancs, England. USN, Ctr Med, Div Neurosurg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Rivet, DJ (reprint author), Intervent Neuroradiol Serv, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd,Campus Box 8110, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM rivetd@mir.wustl.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 186 EP 187 DI 10.3171/jns.2005.103.1.0186 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 952JQ UT WOS:000231000200032 PM 16121992 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Newville, M AF Ravel, B Newville, M TI ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE XAS; data analysis; FEFF; IFEFFIT ID FINE-STRUCTURE; SCATTERING; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Z=1-92 AB A software package for the analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data is presented. This package is based on the IFEFFIT library of numerical and XAS algorithms and is written in the Perl programming language using the Perl/Tk graphics toolkit. The programs described here are: (i) ATHENA, a program for XAS data processing, (ii) ARTEMIS, a program for EXAFS data analysis using theoretical standards from FEFF and (iii) HEPHAESTUS, a collection of beamline utilities based on tables of atomic absorption data. These programs enable high-quality data analysis that is accessible to novices while still powerful enough to meet the demands of an expert practitioner. The programs run on all major computer platforms and are freely available under the terms of a free software license. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ravel@phys.washington.edu NR 23 TC 4370 Z9 4389 U1 58 U2 574 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 12 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1107/S0909049505012719 PN 4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 935RL UT WOS:000229799300024 PM 15968136 ER PT J AU Harte, JA Charlton, DG AF Harte, JA Charlton, DG TI Characteristics of infection control programs in US Air Force dental clinics - A survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dental infection control practices; compliance; prevention ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; ATTITUDES; DENTISTRY; OFFICE; PRACTITIONERS; STERILIZATION; INSTRUMENT; BEHAVIOR; DISEASES AB Background. National organizations and regulatory agencies have issued a number of guidelines on proper infection control procedures in dentistry. The objective of the authors' research was to gather information about current infection control practices in U.S. Air Force (USAF) Dental 1 Corps clinics, for the purpose of updating previously issued guidelines and developing infection control training programs. Methods. The authors mailed a 60-item self-administered survey to the commanders of all USAF dental clinics located in the United States and overseas (n = 82), The survey used primarily fixed-response questions to gather information about aspects of the clinics' infection control programs. The authors obtained descriptive statistics of the returned data by means of a' statistical software package. Results.. The results indicated a high degree of compliance with existing USAF dental infection control guidelines. All clinics had personnel assigned to manage their programs, had a written exposure control plan and took measures to improve dental unit water quality. Facilities used a number,of approaches to achieve and monitor compliance and exhibited a considerable amount of variation in infection control procedures when specific guidelines did not exist. Conclusions. In general, USAF dental clinics reported high levels of compliance with current infection control policies and procedures. Recurrent training, continual oversight, a highly motivated staff and teamwork are essential for reaching and maintaining these levels. Clinical Implications. Although compliance with recommended infection control. guidelines is challenging, the results of this survey indicate that compliance is achievable, even in large group practices. Key Words. Dental infection control practices; compliance; prevention. C1 USAF, Dent Corps, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USAF, Profess Serv, Dental Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN, Appl Clin Sci Dept, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Harte, JA (reprint author), USAF, Dent Corps, Det USAFSAM,310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM jaharte@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 136 IS 7 BP 885 EP 892 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 945UX UT WOS:000230528800016 PM 16060469 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Marek, M Kuehne, JC Ragain, JC AF Roberts, HW Marek, M Kuehne, JC Ragain, JC TI Disinfectants' effect on mercury release from amalgam SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE amalgam; mercury; disinifectants; amalgam disposal; amalgam disinfection ID DENTAL AMALGAM; VAPOR AB Background. Mercury environmental discharge is under increased scrutiny by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Dental amalgam should be processed properly to prevent an additional enviromirental burden. Some processing agencies require that submitted amalgam be noninfectious. Investigations have demonstrated that oxidizing disinfectants mobilize mercury from amalgam into solution and add mercury to the environmental burden if it is disposed of improperly. The authors conducted a study to evaluate the effect of representative disinfectants on amalgam mercury release. Methods. The authors sized a high-copper spherical amalgam alloy to match that typically found in dental unit suction traps. They exposed 20 grams of the alloy to several disinfectant solutions and evaluated the filtered supernatant solution for mercury content. Results. Chlorine disinfectant materials I discharged the most mercury ions, followed by bromide, iodophor, peroxide/peracetic acid and phenolic disinfectants. The quaternary ammonium compound did not discharge mercury ions above the detection limit (0.2 parts per billion) into solution. Conclusions. A quaternary ammonium compound did not mobilize mercury ions into solution when used as a disinfectant agent for amalgam. Chlorine disinfectants I mobilized mercury ions the most, followed by bromide, iodophor, peroxide/peracetic acid and phenolic disinfectants. Clinical implications. Dentists are. obligated to be good environmental stewards and should follow practices that reduce environmental mercury release. Dental personnel should be aware that oxidizing disinfectants mobilize mercury ions into solution, which will be added to the environment if they are processed improperly. If required by processing, dental personnel should consider the different oxidizing effects of commonly used disinfectants. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), 310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM hwroberts@nidbr.med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 136 IS 7 BP 915 EP 919 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 945UX UT WOS:000230528800019 PM 16060472 ER PT J AU Youberg, LD Cornwall, MW McPoil, TG Hannon, PR AF Youberg, LD Cornwall, MW McPoil, TG Hannon, PR TI The amount of rearfoot motion used during the stance phase of walking SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS; FOOT; ANKLE; GAIT; POSITION; PATTERN; MALES AB The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of available passive frontal plane rearfoot motion that is used during the stance phase of walking. Data were collected from 40 healthy, asymptomatic volunteer subjects (20 men and 20 women) aged 23 to 44 years. Passive inversion and eversion motion was measured in a nonweightbearing position by manually moving the calcaneus. Dynamic rearfoot motion was referenced to a vertical calcaneus and tibia and was measured using a three-dimensional electromagnetic motion-analysis system. The results indicated that individuals used 68.1% of their available passive eversion range of motion and 13.2% of their available passive inversion range of motion during walking. The clinical implication of individuals' regularly operating at or near the end point of their available rearfoot eversion range of motion is discussed. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USN, Ceiba, PR USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Exercise Sci & Athlet Training, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cornwall, MW (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, POB 15105, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSN PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 USA SN 8750-7315 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 376 EP 382 PG 7 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 947RI UT WOS:000230663500008 PM 16037554 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Block, JA AF Kostoff, RN Block, JA TI Factor matrix text filtering and clustering SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; INFORMATION; BIBLIOMETRICS; EXTRACTION; RETRIEVAL; DISCOVERY; SYSTEM; NUMBER; IDENTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE AB The presence of trivial words in text databases can affect record or concept (words/phrases) clustering adversely. Additionally, the determination of whether a word/phrase is trivial is context-dependent. Our objective in the present article is to demonstrate a context-dependent trivial word filter to improve clustering quality. Factor analysis was used as a context-dependent trivial word filter for subsequent term clustering. Medline records for Raynaud's Phenomenon were used as the database, and words were extracted from the record abstracts. A factor matrix of these words was generated, and the words that had low factor loadings across all factors were identified, and eliminated. The remaining words, which had high factor loading values for at least one factor and therefore were influential in determining the theme of that factor, were input to the clustering algorithm. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to show that factor matrix filtering leads to higher quality clusters and subsequent taxonomies. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Med Coll, Dept Rheumatol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy jSt, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil; jblock@rush.edu NR 81 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-2882 J9 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 56 IS 9 BP 946 EP 968 DI 10.1002/asi.20187 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 936YV UT WOS:000229892500006 ER PT J AU Tinkham, BP Bennett, BR Magno, R Shanabrook, BV Boos, JB AF Tinkham, BP Bennett, BR Magno, R Shanabrook, BV Boos, JB TI Growth of InAsSb-channel high electron mobility transistor structures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID INAS/ALSB QUANTUM-WELLS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SUPERLATTICES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MODULATION; SUBSTRATE; ALLOYS; LAYERS; GAP AB We discuss the molecular beam epitaxial growth of the random alloy InAsSb for use as the channel 2/V S in high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Room-temperature mobilities of 22 000 cm(2)/V s have been achieved at a sheet carrier density of 1.4 X 10(12)/cm(2). This is a marked improvement over the mobility of 13 000 cm(2)/V s at the same carrier density obtained in previous attempts to grow the InAsSb channel using a digital alloy procedure [J. B. Boos, M. J. Yang, B. R. Bennett, D. Park, W. Kruppa, R. Bass, Electron. Lett. 35, 847 (1999)]. We have also, implemented different barriers and buffer layers to enhance the transport properties and overall performance of the HEMT structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tinkham, BP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tinkham@pdi-berlin.de; brian.bennett@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1441 EP 1444 DI 10.1116/1.1941147 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 955FS UT WOS:000231211500017 ER PT J AU Hsu, DSY Kim, CS Eddy, CR Holm, RT Henry, RL Casey, JA Shamamian, VA Rosenberg, A AF Hsu, DSY Kim, CS Eddy, CR Holm, RT Henry, RL Casey, JA Shamamian, VA Rosenberg, A TI Using Ni masks in inductively coupled plasma etching of high density hole patterns in GaN SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GAAS AB High density patterns of holes in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown GaN films on sapphire have been fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching using a nickel mask. Pattern transfer from the e-beam lithographically patterned resist to the nickel etch mask was accomplished by ion beam milling. A Cl-2-BCl3 inductively coupled plasma was used to anisotropically etch patterns of 200-250-nm-diam holes with 300 nm center-to-center spacing through the entire thickness of a 265-nm- and a 300-nm-thick GaN film. This work demonstrates a pattern transfer technique to Ni by ion beam milling and Ni as a durable etch mask under a chlorine environment for high density patterning of GaN films. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Hsu, DSY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.hsu@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1611 EP 1614 DI 10.1116/1.1978896 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 955FS UT WOS:000231211500046 ER PT J AU McSwain, H Shaw, C Hall, LD AF McSwain, H Shaw, C Hall, LD TI Placement of the essure permanent birth control device with fluoroscopic guidance: A novel method for tubal sterilization SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSURGICAL FEMALE STERILIZATION; FALLOPIAN-TUBE; UNITED-STATES; HYSTEROSCOPIC STERILIZATION; SELECTIVE CATHETERIZATION; OCCLUSION; RABBITS; SALPINGOGRAPHY; MICROCOIL; HYDROGEL AB An effective transcervical method for fluoroscopically guided fallopian tube occlusion has long been sought for female sterilization. The Essure permanent birth control device was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November 2002 and is currently indicated for hysteroscopic placement. In a series of eight patients, bilateral Essure microcoils were placed with fluoroscopic guidance in seven patients for a success rate of 87.5%. One patient described peri- and postprocedure pelvic pain, otherwise no complications were identified. All patients returned to normal activities within 24 hours. Fluoroscopically guided transcervical tubal sterilization with the Essure microcoil device (Conceptus, San Carlos, CA) is a viable outpatient procedure. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McSwain, H (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM hmcswain@hotmail.com NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1007 EP 1012 DI 10.1097/01.RVI.0000158353.351691.90 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 943NS UT WOS:000230361500011 PM 16002509 ER PT J AU Greanya, VA Malanoski, AP Weslowski, BT Spector, MS Selinger, JV AF Greanya, VA Malanoski, AP Weslowski, BT Spector, MS Selinger, JV TI Dynamics of the acousto-optic effect in a nematic liquid crystal SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATIONS; ULTRASOUND AB In a nematic liquid crystal cell, the application of an ultrasonic wave induces a rotation of the director, leading to a change in the optical transmission through the cell. In this study, we investigate the dynamic response of the optical intensity after the ultrasonic wave is switched on or off. Our experiments show that the optical intensity follows a double-exponential function of time, indicating that the system has two relaxation modes with widely different time scales. The fast mode has an amplitude and time scale qualitatively consistent with the dynamics of the Freedericksz transition, but the slow mode shows novel behaviour associated with the acousto-optic effect. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spectom@onr.navy.mil; jvs@lci.kent.edu RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 933 EP 941 DI 10.1080/02678290500191113 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 963AC UT WOS:000231773900013 ER PT J AU Ma, W Chen, S Fitzgerald, W Maric, D Lin, HJ O'Shaughnessy, TJ Kelly, J Liu, XH Barker, JL AF Ma, W Chen, S Fitzgerald, W Maric, D Lin, HJ O'Shaughnessy, TJ Kelly, J Liu, XH Barker, JL TI Three-dimensional collagen gel networks for neural stem cell-based neural tissue engineering SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Polymer-Networks-Group Meeting CY AUG 15-19, 2004 CL Bethesda, MD SP Natl Inst Hlth, IUPAC, Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE biopolymers; bioreactor; collagen gels; matrix; neural stem cell ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MICROGRAVITY AB Stem and progenitor cells isolated from the embryonic rat cerebral cortex were immobilized by matrix entrapment in three-dimensional (3D) Type I collagen gels, and cultured in serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor. The cells trapped within the collagen networks actively proliferated and formed clone-like aggregates. Neurons were the first differentiated cells to appear within the aggregates, followed by generation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In addition, necrotic cores were developed as the aggregate diameter increased and cell viability declined significantly after 3 weeks in culture. To overcome these problems, the cell-collagen constructs were transferred to Rotary Wall Vessel bioreactors for up to 10 weeks. In the rotary culture, the collagen gels compacted 3-4 folds and a long-term growth and differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells was dynamically maintained. Remarkably, the cell-collagen constructs formed a complex two-layered structure that superficially emulated to a certain extent the cerebral cortex of the embryonic brain in architecture and functionality. The engineered 3D tissue-like constructs displaying characteristic properties of neuronal circuits may have potential use in tissue replacement therapy for injured brain and spinal cord. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wyle Labs, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NASA, NIH, Ctr Dimens Tissue Culture 3, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHD, Lab Cellular & Mol Biophys, NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wma@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 227 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1002/masy.200550933 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 959AX UT WOS:000231490400034 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG AF Kushmerick, James G. TI Metal-molecule contacts SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article AB Metal-molecule contacts play a key role in determining the current-voltage ( I-V) characteristics of a molecular junction. This article reviews specific ways that metal-molecule contacts can be controlled to impart a desired functionality, and highlights some unanswered questions. C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kushmerick@nrl.navy.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX I would like to acknowledge my many collaborators, both at NRL and elsewhere, as well as the financial support of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Close reading of this manuscript by Amy Szuchmacher Blum is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 49 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 8 IS 7 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(05)70984-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32DV UT WOS:000208932800025 ER PT J AU Perez-Torres, MA Alberdi, A Marcaide, JM Guerrero, MA Lundqvist, P Shapiro, II Ros, E Lara, L Guirado, JC Weiler, KW Stockdale, CJ AF Perez-Torres, MA Alberdi, A Marcaide, JM Guerrero, MA Lundqvist, P Shapiro, II Ros, E Lara, L Guirado, JC Weiler, KW Stockdale, CJ TI High-resolution observations of SN 2001gd in NGC 5033 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE supernovae : individual : SN 2001gd; galaxies : individual : NGC5033; radio continuum : stars; X-rays : individual SN 2001gd ID RADIO-EMISSION; CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION; 1993J; ABSORPTION; SUPERNOVAE; SHELL; UV AB We report on 8.4-GHz very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of SN 2001gd in the spiral galaxy NGC 5033 made on 2002 June 26 (2002.48) and 2003 April 8 (2003.27). We used the interferometric visibility data to estimate angular diameter sizes for the supernova by model fitting. Our data nominally suggest a relatively strong deceleration for the expansion of SN 2001gd, but we cannot dismiss the possibility of a free supernova expansion. From our VLBI observations on 2003 April 8, we inferred a minimum total energy in relativistic particles and magnetic fields in the supernova shell of E-min = (0.3-14) x 1047 erg, and a corresponding equipartition average magnetic field of B-min = 50-350 mG. We also present multiwavelength Very Large Array (VLA) measurements of SN 2001gd made at our second VLBI epoch at frequencies of 1.4, 4.9, 8.4, 15.0, 22.5 and 43.3 GHz. The VLA data are well fitted by an optically thin, synchrotron spectrum (alpha = -1.0 +/- 0.1; S-v proportional to v(a)), partially absorbed by thermal plasma. We obtain a supernova flux density of 1.02 +/- 0.05 mJy at the observing frequency of 8.4 GHz for the second epoch, which results in an isotropic radio luminosity of (6.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(36) erg s(-1) between 1.4 and 43.3 GHz, at an adopted distance of 13.1 Mpc. Finally, we report on an XMM-Newton X-ray detection of SN 2001gd on 2002 December 18. The supernova X-ray spectrum is consistent with optically thin emission from a soft component ( associated with emission from the reverse shock) at a temperature of around 1 keV. The observed flux corresponds to an isotropic X-ray luminosity of L-X = (1.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(39) erg s(-1) in the 0.3-5 keV band. We suggest that both radio and X-ray observations of SN 2001gd indicate that a circumstellar interaction similar to that displayed by SN 1993J in M 81 is taking place. C1 CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Comos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perez-Torres, MA (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Apdo Correos 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. EM torres@iaa.es OI Guerrero, Martin/0000-0002-7759-106X; Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 360 IS 3 BP 1055 EP 1062 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09102.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 935KY UT WOS:000229782400023 ER PT J AU Dermer, C AF Dermer, C TI High-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-GEOPHYSICS AND SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY ID SPECTRAL COMPONENT; SHOCK MODEL; GRB-941017; PROPAGATION; EMISSION; GALAXY AB A complete model for the origin of high-energy (greater than or similar to 10(14) eV) cosmic rays from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and implications of this hypothesis are described. Detection of high-energy neutrinos from GRBs provide an unambiguous test of the model. Evidence for cosmic-ray acceleration in GRBs is suggested by the detection of anomalous gamma-ray components Such as that observed from GRB 941017. Neutron beta-decay halos around star-forming galaxies such as the Milky Way are formed as a consequence of this model. Cosmic rays from GRBs in the Galaxy are unlikely to account for the similar to 10(18) eV cosmic-ray excess reported by the Sydney University Giant Air Shower Recorder (SUGAR), but could contribute to past extinction events. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dermer, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1896 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Geophys. Space Phys. PD JUL-OCT PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4-5 BP 789 EP 796 DI 10.1393/ncc/i2005-10155-8 PG 8 GA 997RW UT WOS:000234266300067 ER PT J AU Peterson, SN Call, MH Wood, DE Unger, DV Sekiya, JK AF Peterson, SN Call, MH Wood, DE Unger, DV Sekiya, JK TI Injuries in Naval Special Warfare sea, air, and land personnel: Epidemiology and surgical management SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Naval Special Warfare; Navy SEALS; epidemiology; management ID CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES; NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE; ICE HOCKEY INJURIES; OVERUSE INJURIES; SOLDIERS; ELITE; SWIMMERS; MOTION; SOCCER; RANGE AB Several epidermologic studies are described in the literature on all different types of sporting activities as well as military personnel. No studies to our knowledge have investigated the injury patterns and treatment of United States Naval Special Warfare personnel. The purpose of this study is to present the injuries of the Naval Special Warfare community that presented to the combined orthopedic/human functional performance clinic during a 3-year period, as well as the surgical management of these injuries. Medical records generated during a 3-year period yielded diagnoses that were stratified according to body part and location. The surgical procedures were divided by body part location and were correlated to the initial diagnosis. A calculation was then made based on the percent of patients who eventually progressed on to surgical intervention. Injuries were most frequent to the back/neck, knee, and shoulder in order of decreasing frequency. Surgical management was highest for the knee, followed by the shoulder and foot/ankle. A primary diagnosis involving the knee led to surgery 33% of the time. Similarly, a primary shoulder diagnosis involving the shoulder progressed to surgery 32% and with the foot/ankle 18% of the time. The varied injury and surgical management patterns suggest that the Naval Special Warfare community is composed of truly "unique" athletes, not easily categorized into any previously described sporting activities. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. USN, Special Warfare, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM sekiyajk@upmc.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2005.10.006 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 002BN UT WOS:000234586500003 ER PT J AU Solomon, DJ Provencher, MT Bell, SJ Mologne, TS AF Solomon, DJ Provencher, MT Bell, SJ Mologne, TS TI Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in active duty military personnel: A young cohort of patients with rotator cuff tears SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE rotator cuff repair; arthroscopic; young; technique ID FULL-THICKNESS TEARS; ASYMPTOMATIC SHOULDERS; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; INTEGRITY; AGE; SUPRASPINATUS; TENDON AB A torn rotator cuff is one of the most common afflictions of the shoulder treated by orthopedic surgeons. An adequate history and physical examination will usually elicit the diagnosis. Adjunct diagnostic measures including radiographs and advanced imaging modalities can help further define the pathology of the cuff tissue. The patients' physiologic age, functional demands, and goals should be elucidated because outcomes are linked to some of these preoperative variables. Nonoperative treatment and therapy play a significant role in many cases. For those cases with pain refractory to nonoperative modalities, arthroscopic surgical repair of the rotator cuff may be an option. The size of the tear, tendon involvement, and quality of muscle and tendon tissue also play an important role in treatment outcomes and should be used as a guide for the management approach. The surgeon should critically assess his/her own skills and outcomes in choosing a possible surgical approach to treat each patient's rotator cuff tear. Rotator cuff tears in the military present unique challenges because this young subset of patients, often with traumatic or repetitive motion injuries, can present with rotator cuff tears at a younger age than the usual population. Additionally, these patients' functional demands often include overhead work activities and physical fitness requirements including pull-ups and push-ups. Although principles of rotator cuff repair dictate our treatment methods, we have increasingly used all-arthroscopic techniques to address rotator cuff tears in our patient population with satisfactory results. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med & Shoulder Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Ctr Sports Med, Appleton, WI USA. RP Solomon, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med & Shoulder Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5000, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM djsolomon@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2005.10.003 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 002BN UT WOS:000234586500004 ER PT J AU Kurtz, CA Gaines, RJ Enad, JG AF Kurtz, CA Gaines, RJ Enad, JG TI Arthroscopic management of superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SLAP; superior labrum; arthroscopy; military; superior labrum anterior posterior ID GLENOID LABRUM; FOLLOW-UP; TEARS; REPAIR; SHOULDER; DEBRIDEMENT; BICEPS; INSTABILITY; FIXATION; BANKART AB Shoulder injuries, including tears of the superior labrum, are common in the active-duty military population. When sufficiently symptomatic, repairs may be undertaken using arthroscopic techniques. Currently, repair of unstable tears generally involves the use of suture anchors and arthroscopic suture passage and tying. Surgical repair of unstable superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions is predictably successful in the majority of patients with most able to return to their preinjury level of function including active military duty. C1 USN, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Kurtz, CA (reprint author), USN, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM cakurtz@mar.med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2005.10.002 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 002BN UT WOS:000234586500007 ER PT J AU Petilon, J Ellingson, CI Sekiya, JK AF Petilon, J Ellingson, CI Sekiya, JK TI Pectoralis major muscle ruptures SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pectoralis major muscle injuries; tears; ruptures; repair ID DELAYED REPAIR; INJURIES; TENDON; DIAGNOSIS; AVULSION; TEARS AB Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle is a rare injury, with less than 200 reported cases in the literature since its initial description in 1822 by Patissier. The majority of these cases have been documented over the past few years, showing the growing appreciation and awareness of this injury. Injuries are most commonly sustained by young men during athletic or weightlifting activity, which comprise a large proportion of our military population. Ruptures usually occur when the muscle is eccentrically contracting under an extensive load. However, direct trauma to the muscle may also result in injury. Acute symptoms often consist of swelling, ecchymosis and pain over the affected axilla and pectoral region, and diminished strength. On physical examination, typical findings include an abnormal contour of the axilla and reduced adduction and internal rotation strength. Clinical diagnosis can be supported with imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice, adequately showing the location and extent of injury. Tears are most common at the tendon or myotendinous junction. In young active individuals, ruptures of the pectoralis major muscle have the best results after surgical repair, acutely or delayed. Conservative treatment is usually reserved for muscle belly tears or elderly, sedentary individuals. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Sports Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. EM sekiyajk@upmc.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2005.10.004 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 002BN UT WOS:000234586500008 ER PT J AU Piombo, J AF Piombo, J TI Political parties, social demographics and the decline of ethnic mobilization in South Africa, 1994-99 SO PARTY POLITICS LA English DT Article DE democratization; electoral systems; ethnic cleavages; political parties; South Africa AB Before the advent of democratic rule in South Africa, most people had expected the country to experience an explosion of politicized ethnicity when minority rule was replaced. Yet this has not come to pass, and ethnic political parties have declined in number and influence in post-apartheid South Africa. Instead, between 1994 and 1999 partisan politics developed in a multipolar direction, with some parties embracing racial mobilization and others attempting to build multiethnic, non-racial entities. This article explains these developments as a product of the ways that political parties have responded to the incentives established by political institutions, on the one hand, and the structure of social divisions, on the other. The analysis holds implications for our understanding of the ways in which social cleavages in ethnically divided societies become politically salient, and for the lessons of institutional and constitutional engineering, particularly with respect to how proportional representation systems interact with other factors to shape politics in ethnically diverse societies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Piombo, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cunningham Rd,GL 374, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jrpiombo@nps.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1354-0688 J9 PARTY POLIT JI Party Polit. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 447 EP 470 DI 10.1177/1354068805053212 PG 24 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 942UM UT WOS:000230308400004 ER PT J AU Panguluri, RP Zeng, CG Weitering, HH Sullivan, JM Erwin, SC Nadgorny, B AF Panguluri, RP Zeng, CG Weitering, HH Sullivan, JM Erwin, SC Nadgorny, B TI Spin polarization and electronic structure of ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 epilayers SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANDREEV REFLECTION AB Germanium-based alloys hold great promise for future spintronics applications, due to their potential for integration with conventional Si-based electronics. High-quality single phase Mn5Ge3(0001) films, grown by solid-phase epitaxy on Ge(111) and GaAs(111), exhibit strong ferromagnetism up to the Curie temperature T-c - 296 K. Point Contact Andreev Reflection (PCAR) measurements on Mn5Ge3 epilayers reveal a spin-polarization P = 42 5% for both substrates. We also calculate the spin polarization of bulk Mn5Ge3 in the diffusive and ballistic regimes using density-functional theory (DFT). The measured spin polarization exceeds the theoretical estimates of PDFT = 35 +/- 5% and 10 +/- 5% for the diffusive and ballistic limits, respectively. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Nadgorny, B (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM nadgorny@physics.wayne.edu RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 242 IS 8 BP R67 EP R69 DI 10.1002/pssb.200510030 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 946IE UT WOS:000230564800001 ER PT J AU Perebeinos, V Allen, PB Pederson, M AF Perebeinos, V Allen, PB Pederson, M TI Reexamination of the Jahn-Teller instability in C6H6+ and C6H6- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOWER ELECTRONIC STATES; BENZENE CATION; POLYACETYLENE; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; INTENSITIES; MOLECULES; CONSTANTS AB The benzene cation (C6H6+) has a doublet (e(1g)) ground state in hexagonal ring (D-6h) geometry. Therefore a Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion will lower the energy. The present theoretical study yields a model Huckel-type Hamiltonian that includes an electron-phonon coupling of the e(1g) electronic ground state with the two e(2g) vibrational modes: in-plane ring-bending and C-C bond-stretching. We treat also a third e(2g) C-H bending mode which has less influence. We obtain the electron-phonon couplings from density functional theory which gives a JT energy lowering of 1024 cm(-1) in agreement with previous quantum chemistry calculations. We find a nonadiabatic solution for vibrational spectra and predict frequencies shifts of both the benzene cation and anion. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perebeinos, V (reprint author), IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 012501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.012501 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 950VU UT WOS:000230887300070 ER PT J AU Rendell, RW Rajagopal, AK AF Rendell, RW Rajagopal, AK TI Entanglement of pure two-mode Gaussian states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS VARIABLE SYSTEMS; TRANSFORMATIONS; TELEPORTATION; CRITERION AB The entanglement of general asymmetric pure Gaussian two-mode states is examined in terms of the coefficients of the quadrature components of the wave function. The entanglement criterion and the entanglement of formation are directly evaluated as a function of these coefficients, without the need for local unitary transformations. These reproduce results for the special case of symmetric pure states which employ a relation between squeezed states and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations. The modification of the quadrature coefficients and the corresponding entanglement due to application of various optical elements is also derived. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rendell, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 012330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.012330 PN A-B PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 950VU UT WOS:000230887300060 ER PT J AU Agassi, D Oates, DE AF Agassi, D Oates, DE TI Nonlinear Meissner effect in a high-temperature superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MUTUAL INDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION; THIN-FILMS; DEPENDENCE; STATE; MODEL; GENERATION; RESONATORS; REFLECTION AB The lowest nonlinear correction to the penetration depth, i.e., the nonlinear Meissner effect, is calculated and compared to data from high-quality YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films. The calculation is based on the Green-function formulation of superconductivity, and the data consist of the intermodulation power as function of temperature and circulating power. At a low power level, the calculated temperature dependence compares very well with the data, including the divergence as T-2 at very low temperatures. The calculated power dependence of the nonlinear penetration depth follows the data semiquantitatively and is enhanced due to the d-wave symmetry of the order parameter. These results support the assertion that the origin of nonlinearity in high-quality YBCO films is intrinsic. The analysis also implies that the nonlinear corrections to the penetration depth depend primarily on the total current carried by the strip and thus are insensitive to the edges. The comparison of the present approach with an alternative approach, based on quasiparticle backflow, is discussed. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 014538 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.014538 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 950WQ UT WOS:000230889800193 ER PT J AU Bracker, AS Stinaff, EA Gammon, D Ware, ME Tischler, JG Park, D Gershoni, D Filinov, AV Bonitz, M Peeters, F Riva, C AF Bracker, AS Stinaff, EA Gammon, D Ware, ME Tischler, JG Park, D Gershoni, D Filinov, AV Bonitz, M Peeters, F Riva, C TI Binding energies of positive and negative trions: From quantum wells to quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITONS AB We compare binding energies for positive and negative trions in a series of narrow GaAs quantum wells and in "natural" quantum dots defined by quantum well thickness fluctuations. We assign photoluminescence features to oppositely charged trions through a combination of charging behavior, luminescence polarization, and spin fine structure. Negative trions are found to have a higher binding energy than positive trions. Our observations compare well with path integral Monte Carlo calculations for different well widths. This comparison provides a physical interpretation of the observed trends and sheds light on a longstanding disagreement between theory and experiment on the influence of lateral confinement on trion binding energies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Univ Antwerp, Dept Fys, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bonitz, Michael/A-6873-2010; Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Filinov, Alexey/D-3955-2016; OI Bonitz, Michael/0000-0001-7911-0656; Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; Gershoni, David/0000-0002-3039-9919 NR 17 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 AR 035332 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.035332 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 950WU UT WOS:000230890200131 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, RR Dunlap, BI TI Electronic structure of fullerenelike cages and finite nanotubes of aluminum nitride SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; X-ALPHA; OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE; CLUSTERS; BORON; MOLECULES; ENERGIES; CARBON; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES AB We report a density functional study of alternate fullerenelike cage structures and finite closed, capped single-wall nanotubes of aluminum nitride. The cages and nanotubes studied are modeled as Al24N24, Al28N28, Al32N32, Al36N36, Al48N48, and Al96N96. The structure optimization and calculation of the electronic structure, vertical ionization potential, and the electron affinity are performed at the all-electron level by the analytic Slater-Roothaan method, using a polarized Gaussian basis set of double zeta quality. All structures are energetically stable with binding energy of about 10-11 eV per AlN pair. For the larger Al96N96, the fullerenelike cage is energetically less favorable than the two-shell cluster that has Al24N24 as an inner shell. The vertical ionization potential and the electronic affinity are in the range 6.7-6.9 eV and 1.5-2.0 eV, respectively. The binding energy shows systematic increase with increase in the length of the (4,4) nanotube. The energy band gap, determined using the Delta SCF method, shows that these structures are characterized by a fairly large band gap of about 4-5 eV, which is, however, smaller than the gap for the corresponding boron nitride structures. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 49 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 4 AR 045439 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.045439 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 950WV UT WOS:000230890300178 ER PT J AU Colombant, DG Manheimer, WM Busquet, M AF Colombant, DG Manheimer, WM Busquet, M TI Test of models for electron transport in laser produced plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STEEP TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMAL CONDUCTION; FUSION; FLUX; FLOW; HYDRODYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORPTION; CODES AB This paper examines five different models of electron thermal transport in laser produced spherical implosions. These are classical, classical with a flux limit f, delocalization, beam deposition model, and Fokker-Planck solutions. In small targets, the results are strongly dependent on f for flux limit models, with small f's generating very steep temperature gradients. Delocalization models are characterized by large preheat in the center of the target. The beam deposition model agrees reasonably well with the Fokker-Planck simulation results. For large, high gain fusion targets, the delocalization model shows the gain substantially reduced by the preheat. However, flux limitation models show gain largely independent of f, with the beam deposition model also showing the same high gain. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RSI Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. RP Colombant, DG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colombant@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2005 VL 12 IS 7 AR 072702 DI 10.1063/1.1929777 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 946TR UT WOS:000230596200057 ER PT J AU Reuss, RH Chalamala, BR Moussessian, A Kane, MG Kumar, A Zhang, DC Rogers, JA Hatalis, M Temple, D Moddel, G Eliasson, BJ Estes, MJ Kunze, J Handy, ES Harmon, ES Salzman, DB Woodall, JM Alam, MA Murthy, JY Jacobsen, SC Olivier, M Markus, D Campbell, PM Snow, E AF Reuss, RH Chalamala, BR Moussessian, A Kane, MG Kumar, A Zhang, DC Rogers, JA Hatalis, M Temple, D Moddel, G Eliasson, BJ Estes, MJ Kunze, J Handy, ES Harmon, ES Salzman, DB Woodall, JM Alam, MA Murthy, JY Jacobsen, SC Olivier, M Markus, D Campbell, PM Snow, E TI Macroelectronics: Perspectives on technology and applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE flexible electronics; large area electronics; macroelectronics; thin-film transistors (TFTs) ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL FOILS; NETWORKS; CIRCUITS; SILICON; ARRAYS; INAS; GAAS AB Flexible, large area electronics-macroelectronics-using amorphous silicon, low-temperature polysilicon, or various organic and inorganic nanocrystalline semiconductor materials is beginning to show great promise. While much of the activity in macroelectronics has been display-centric, a number of applications where macroelectronics is needed to enable solutions that are otherwise not feasible are beginning to attract technical and/or commercial interest. In this paper we discuss the application drivers and the technology needs and device performance requirements to enable high performance applications to include RF systems. C1 DARPA, MTO, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Indocel Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Sarnoff, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Acellent Technol Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Phiar Corp, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Melles Griot ElectroOpt, Longmont, CO 80503 USA. SI2 Technol Inc, Chelmsford, MA USA. LightSpin Technol Inc, Norfolk, MA 02056 USA. LightSpin Technol Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sarcos, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reuss, RH (reprint author), DARPA, MTO, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM robert.reuss@darpa.mil; chalamala@indocel.net; alina.moussessian@jpl.nasa.gov; mkane@sarnoff.com; akumar@acellent.com; zhang@acellent.com; jrogers@uiuc.edu; mkh1@lehigh.edu; temple@rti.org; moddel@phiar.com; eliasson@ieee.org; mestes@carlsbad.mellesgriot.com; jkunze@si2technologies.com; chandy@si2technologies.com; harmon@lightspintech.com; salzman@lightspintech.com; woodall@ecn.purdue.edu; alam@ecn.purdue.edu; jmurthy@purdue.edu; jacobsen@sarcos.com; m.olivier@sarcos.com; d.markus@sarcos.com; campbell@bloch.nrl.navy.mil; snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil RI Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 NR 51 TC 234 Z9 242 U1 7 U2 65 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2005 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1239 EP 1256 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2005.851237 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 944YE UT WOS:000230466300002 ER PT J AU Castelli, C Hagood, R Mapson-Menard, H Winter, B AF Castelli, C Hagood, R Mapson-Menard, H Winter, B TI The carbon fibre structure for the extreme ultraviolet imaging spectrometer on the Solar-B satellite SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE composites; carbon fibre; aerospace; structures AB The Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) is a core instrument on the Japanese Solar-B mission and is due for launch in the summer of 2006. EIS is a 3.2 in long telescope employing grating optics and a pair of charge coupled device imaging cameras working in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region in two separate wavelength bands between 170-210 and 240-290 angstrom. To house all the telescope subsystems, a novel carbon fibre reinforced plastic structure was developed in collaboration with McLaren Composites Limited (UK) to meet a set of the demanding performance requirements in terms of dimensional stability, rigidity, and structural cleanliness as well as being able to survive the harsh launch environment of the Japanese M-V rocket. The final design was based on a honeycomb panel structure using stiff carbon fibre laminates. This case study describes some of the design challenges that were overcome for this project to produce the engineering, mechanical, and thermal models. Particular attention is given to the cleanliness control strategy to preserve the EUV optical throughput, the method of attachment to the spacecraft, and of optical subsystems as well as the instrument thermal design. C1 Brunel Univ, Sch Engn & Design, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. RP Castelli, C (reprint author), Brunel Univ, Sch Engn & Design, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1464-4207 J9 P I MECH ENG L-J MAT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Pt. L-J. Mater.-Design Appl. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 219 IS L3 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1243/146442005X10373 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 981JF UT WOS:000233084200004 ER PT J AU Joslin, RD Thomas, RH Choudhari, MM AF Joslin, RD Thomas, RH Choudhari, MM TI Synergism of flow and noise control technologies SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DRAG REDUCTION; VORTEX GENERATORS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; JET NOISE; PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS; HYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; COMPLIANT SURFACES; SEPARATION CONTROL AB This paper will discuss the synergism of flow and noise control technologies relevant to both air and undersea vehicles. Because many review publications specifically focus on either flow control. or noise control, this presentation will not provide an exhaustive. literature survey. Sufficient citations will highlight the effectiveness of the technologies; however, the primary goal of this paper is to outline direct and indirect linkages, counterproductive linkages, and examples with no linkages between noise and flow control technologies. Hence, woven through out the individual sections is a focus on the various forms of linkage between flow and noise control applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Joslin, RD (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM Ronald_Joslin@ONR.NAVY.MIL; R.H.Thomas@LARC.NASA.GOV; M.M.Choudhari@LARC.NASA.GOV NR 355 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 363 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.07.002 PG 55 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 972BZ UT WOS:000232430200002 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Doyle, JD AF Kim, YJ Doyle, JD TI Extension of an orographic-drag parametrization scheme to incorporate orographic anisotropy and flow blocking SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE blocked-layer drag; explicit gravity-wave simulation; form drag; gravity-wave drag; off-line evaluation; regime diagram; wave breaking ID GRAVITY-WAVE-DRAG; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PAST ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; OFFICE UNIFIED MODEL; MOUNTAIN LEE WAVES; ENVELOPE OROGRAPHY; SURFACE FRICTION; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; MOMENTUM TRANSPORT AB The Kim-Arakawa orographic gravity-wave drag parametrization scheme, which is a component of the US Navy's NOGAPS ALPHA (Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System, Advanced-Level Physics and High Altitude), is extended to include the effects of orographic anisotropy and low-level flow blocking. The algorithms to calculate the orographic statistics needed for the parametrization are also revised. The extended scheme is evaluated against mountain waves explicitly simulated with COAMPS (R)dagger (Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System) of NRL (Naval Research Laboratory). Mountain-wave simulations over Boulder, Colorado, USA, are used for representing realistic situations of different wave activity including severe downslope windstorms. The simulations are area-averaged and interpolated to the vertical grid of NOGAPS, and are used as the input to the extended Kim-Arakawa scheme. The scheme is calibrated by comparing the parametrized vertical distribution of the momentum fluxes with the counterpart obtained from the explicit mesoscale simulations. Overall, the calibrated scheme successfully represents the simulated magnitudes and vertical divergences of the momentum fluxes. A flow regime diagram is constructed utilizing a time series of the simulations to further evaluate the parametrization. The robustness of the orographic statistics, together with an approximate method to improve it, are also addressed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Metrol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Metrol Div, Stop 2,7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM kimyj@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 64 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 131 IS 609 BP 1893 EP 1921 DI 10.1256/qj.04.160 PN A PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953BR UT WOS:000231051300006 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Gelaro, R Rosmond, TE AF Reynolds, CA Gelaro, R Rosmond, TE TI A comparison of variance and total-energy singular-vectors SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive observing; forecast error; predictability; pseudo-inverse ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; FORECAST ERRORS; FASTEX; PREDICTABILITY; PERTURBATIONS; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB The analysis-error variance estimates produced by the Naval Research Laboratory Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System are used to constrain singular vectors (SVs) at initial time (the final-time metric is total energy). These 'VAR SVs' are compared to SVs for which total energy is both the initial- and final-time metrics (TE SVs). The spatial distributions and structures of the VAR SVs and TE SVs are examined and their effectiveness in explaining forecast error is compared. Consistent with previous results, the VAR SVs have relatively larger amplitude than TE SVs in regions where analysis errors are larger (such as over oceans and polar regions). In contrast to previous results, the initial-time VAR SV energy peaks at lower altitudes than the TE SV energy, reflecting the influence of the data-assimilation-error variance estimates. Despite these significant differences, the TE and VAR SVs explain comparable amounts of forecast error in both linear and nonlinear contexts. By projecting the VAR SV pseudo-inverse perturbation onto the TE SVs, it is found that the component inside the TE-SV subspace accounts for most of the forecast-error reduction. The component outside the TE-SV subspace has very little impact on error reduction. It is noteworthy that for both the TE and VAR SVs, nonlinear pseudo-inverse forecast-corrections are better than the expected linear corrections. Both sets of SVs exhibit a relationship between singular-vector growth and forecast-error total energy, when averaged over many cases. This indicates that the SVs have some utility in predicting forecast-error variance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, GSFC, GMAO, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM reynolds@nrlmry.navy.mil OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 131 IS 609 BP 1955 EP 1973 DI 10.1256/qj.04.132 PN A PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953BR UT WOS:000231051300008 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX AF Giraldo, FX TI Semi-implicit time-integrators for a scalable spectral element atmospheric model SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE backward difference formula; hexahedral; hydrostatic; icosahedral; leapfrog; primitive equations ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; SPURIOUS RESONANT RESPONSE; PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS; FORECAST MODEL; DYNAMICAL CORE; RESOLUTION; SCHEMES; DISCRETIZATIONS; IMPLEMENTATION; INSTABILITY AB The Naval Research Laboratory's spectral element atmospheric model (NSEAM) for scalable computer architectures is presented. This new dynamical core is based on a high-order spectral element (SE) method in space and uses semi-implicit methods in time based on either the traditional second-order leapfrog (LF2) or second-order backward difference formulas (BDF2). The novelties of NSEAM are: it is geometrically flexible and thereby can accommodate any type of grid; LF2 or BDF2 are used to construct the semi-implicit method; and the horizontal operators are written, discretized, and solved in three-dimensional Cartesian space. The semi-implicit NSEAM is validated using: five baroclinic test cases; direct comparisons to the explicit version of NSEAM which has been extensively tested and the results previously reported in the literature; and comparisons with operational weather prediction and well-established climate models. A comparison with the US Navy's spectral transform global forecast model illustrates that NSEAM is 60% faster on an IBM SP4 using 96 processors for the current operational resolution of T239 L30. However, NSEAM can accommodate many more processors while continuing to scale efficiently even at higher grid resolutions. In fact, we show that at T498 L60, NSEAM scales linearly up to 384 processors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM giraldo@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 131 IS 610 BP 2431 EP 2454 DI 10.1256/qj.03.218 PN B PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 974ZA UT WOS:000232628700012 ER PT J AU Chung, CB Isaza, IL Angulo, M Boucher, R Hughes, T AF Chung, CB Isaza, IL Angulo, M Boucher, R Hughes, T TI MR arthrography of the knee: How, why, when SO RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; INTRAARTICULAR CONTRAST MATERIAL; SPIRAL CT ARTHROGRAPHY; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; POPLITEAL ARTERY; MENISCAL TEARS; GADOPENTETATE DIMEGLUMINE; OSTEOCHONDROSIS DISSECANS; POSTOPERATIVE MENISCUS; PARTIAL MENISCECTOMY AB MR arthrography combines the techniques of arthrography with MR imaging to benefit from the added imaging information afforded by intra-articular distention. This article reviews technical considerations for MR arthrography, potential complications, indications, pitfalls in imaging diagnosis, and commonly encountered pathology. It is an elegant study that can offer precise diagnostic information in the appropriate clinical setting. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. CT Scanner Mexico, Colonia Roma 06700, Mexico. Fdn Clin Med Sur, Delegac Tlalpan, Mexico. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Chung, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. EM cbchung@ucsd.edu OI Hughes, Tudor/0000-0001-9385-6956 NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0033-8389 J9 RADIOL CLIN N AM JI Radiol. Clin. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 733 EP + DI 10.1016/j.rcl.2005.02.003 PG 16 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 934EV UT WOS:000229690600009 PM 15893534 ER PT J AU Holland, GE Boyer, CN Seely, JF Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Gillaspy, JD AF Holland, GE Boyer, CN Seely, JF Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Gillaspy, JD TI Low jitter metal vapor vacuum arc ion source for electron beam ion trap injections SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We describe a metal vapor vacuum arc (MeVVA) ion source containing eight different cathodes that are individually selectable via the control electronics which does not require moving components in vacuum. Inside the vacuum assembly, the arc plasma is produced by means of a 30 mu s pulse (26 kV,125 A) delivering 2.4 mC of charge to the cathode sample material. The trigger jitter is minimized (< 200 ns) to improve the capture efficiency of the ions which are injected into an ion trap. During a single discharge, the over-damped pulse produces an ion flux of 8.4x10(9) ions/cm(2), measured by an unbiased Faraday cup positioned 20 cm from the extractor grid, at discharge rates up to 5 Hz. The electronic triggering of the discharge is via a fiber optic interface. We present the design, fabrication details, and performance of this MeVVA, recently installed on the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap (EBIT). C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Defense Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 7 AR 073304 DI 10.1063/1.1948396 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 944NU UT WOS:000230436600012 ER PT J AU McPherson, NA Suarez-Fernandez, N Moon, DW Tan, CPH Lee, CK Baker, TN AF McPherson, NA Suarez-Fernandez, N Moon, DW Tan, CPH Lee, CK Baker, TN TI Laser and laser assisted arc welding processes for DH 36 microalloyed steel ship plate SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article DE laser welding; microalloyed steel; laser assisted MIG welding; microhardness ID DISTORTION; HARDNESS; JOINTS AB A series of laser and laser assisted metal inert gas (MIG) welds was produced from a common plate. Each weld was mechanically tested, and the welds showed broadly similar properties, except for the autogenous CO2 laser weld metal, which had poorer toughness. This was related to a harder weld metal microstructure. Toughness and hardness were related to the lath width of the ferrite, for the welds involved. The weld metal area/volume was used as an indicator of potential distortion. In this instance, the autogenous CO2 laser weld was superior to the CO2 laser assisted MIG weld which was better than the Nd: YAG laser assisted MIG weld. Each weld was examined using carbon extraction replicas in the TEM, and also using an SEM with an EDAX attachment. A number of inclusions and precipitates were observed, identified and sized. It was concluded that the particles observed were not detrimental in this specific case. A tentative relationship was established between parent plate inclusion size distribution and weld metal inclusion size distribution. C1 BAE Syst, Naval Ships, Glasgow G51 4XP, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McPherson, NA (reprint author), BAE Syst, Naval Ships, Glasgow G51 4XP, Lanark, Scotland. EM norrie.mcpherson@baesystems.com OI Tan, Cheng Peng/0000-0002-3751-3534 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1179/174329305X44099 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 999KH UT WOS:000234387700010 ER PT J AU Li, RF You, XB Chu, PC AF Li, RF You, XB Chu, PC TI The eastward subtropical countercurrent on isopycnal surface in the western North Pacific SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE P-vector method on isopycnal surface; eastward subtropical countercurrent; eddy phenomenon ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; ABSOLUTE VELOCITY; VECTOR AB The monthly circulations on isopycnal surface in the western North Pacific are calculated based on the Navy's Generalized Digital Environmental Model climatological temperature and salinity data on a 1/2 degrees x 1/2 degrees grid using a P-vector method. The eastward Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) in the central subtropical gyre has been studied with emphasis on its spatial distribution, vertical structure, volume transport and its nearby eddy phenomenon. The results reproduce the observed feature of STCC, and reveal some new phenomena on isopycnal surface, such as: (1) At sigma(theta)=24.6, there is strong seasonal variability in the distribution, origin and flow status of STCC. There is no STCC in January, February and March. (2) From May to October, a branch of the Kuroshio Countercurrent to the south of Japan merges into STCC, which increases the velocity of STCC and widens its width. (3) The velocity vector field shows that STCC and nearby eddies coexist. (4) The eastward volume transport of STCC across 137.5 degrees E is the strongest in summer with the maximum of 6.9 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) in August, and weaker in spring and autumn with 1.7 Sv in April and 1.6 Sv in November. Most of the transports of STCC occur between isopycnal surfaces 24.0 sigma(theta) and 25.0 sigma(theta). (5) The distributions of the zonal flow along 137.5 degrees E show that the flow core of STCC is between 24.3 sigma(theta) and 24.7 sigma(theta). C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, RF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM lirf@mail.iap.ac.cn NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9313 J9 SCI CHINA SER D JI Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1065 EP 1073 DI 10.1360/03yd0213 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 946BG UT WOS:000230546300019 ER PT J AU Griffin, SR Kuhn, SC Benjamin, K AF Griffin, SR Kuhn, SC Benjamin, K TI Parametric sub-bottom profiler for AUVs SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Omni Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Griffin, SR (reprint author), Omni Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 46 IS 7 BP 31 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 947ZR UT WOS:000230686300006 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Shattuck, LG AF Miller, NL Shattuck, LG TI Sleep patterns of young men and women enrolled at the United States Military Academy: Results from year 1 of a 4-year longitudinal study SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE sleep deprivation; actigraphy; adolescent sleep patterns ID DOSE-RESPONSE; CONSOLIDATION; RESTRICTION; PERFORMANCE; ADOLESCENTS; QUALITY; MEMORY AB Study Objectives: Sleep patterns of young adults are different from those of other age groups.. This study examined sleep patterns of cadets during their first year at the United States Military Academy. Design: This paper presents initial results of a 4-year longitudinal investigation into sleep patterns of college-age men and women. Setting: Data were collected at the United States Military Academy, a 4-year undergraduate institution that develops men and women in 4 areas: intellectual, physical, military, and moral-ethical. Participants: Survey data were obtained from all members of the Class of 2007 (N-1300), who ranged in age from 17 to 22 years. A stratified sample (n = 80) was selected to wear wrist-activity monitors. An additional 40 members of the junior and senior classes participated in the summer portion of the study. Measurements and Results: Sleep patterns prior to entering the United States Military Academy were compared with patterns during cadet basic training and fall and spring semesters. Actigraphy data were recorded on a sample of the class (n = 80) for 50 days during cadet basic training and 30 days during fall and spring semesters. During cadet basic training, incoming cadets received 5 hours 40 minutes of sleep per night. During fall 2003 semester, these same cadets received 4 hours 50 minutes of sleep on school nights and 6 hours 32 minutes on weekends, Sleep received during spring 2004 semester was similar, with 5 hours 06 minutes on school nights and 6 hours 29 minutes on weekends. Conclusions: This first year of baseline data collection describes cadet sleep patterns and sets the stage to assess the effectiveness of follow-on interventions. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Shattuck, LG (reprint author), 80A Partridge Pl, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM larry-shattuck@usma.edu NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 28 IS 7 BP 837 EP 841 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 945KP UT WOS:000230501700011 PM 16124662 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Soto, CM Wilson, CD Brower, TL Pollack, SK Schull, TL Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Amsinck, C Franzon, P Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR AF Blum, AS Soto, CM Wilson, CD Brower, TL Pollack, SK Schull, TL Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Amsinck, C Franzon, P Shashidhar, R Ratna, BR TI An engineered virus as a scaffold for three-dimensional self-assembly on the nanoscale SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE molecular electronics; nanotechnology; protein engineering; self-assembly; viruses ID COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; COMPLEX PATTERN-FORMATION; 2.8 ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; MOLECULAR WIRES; COLLOIDAL GOLD; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; NANOPARTICLES; DNA C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Biol Mol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ratna, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; ratna@nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JUL PY 2005 VL 1 IS 7 BP 702 EP 706 DI 10.1002/smll.200500021 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 936SY UT WOS:000229876900005 PM 17193509 ER PT J AU Mehay, SL Bowman, WR AF Mehay, SL Bowman, WR TI Marital status and productivity: Evidence from personnel data SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MARRIAGE WAGE PREMIUM; JOB-PERFORMANCE; MEN; SELECTION; OFFICERS; EARNINGS; RETURN; POLICY; WORK; ARMY AB Although a robust wage premium for married men has been documented extensively in the labor economics literature, prior studies have been hampered in testing competing explanations of the premium by a lack of data on worker productivity. This study exploits a unique data set that contains job-performance measures for employees of a large, hierarchical organization. The quasi-longitudinal data track the marital status and job productivity, including performance reviews and promotions, of mate Naval officers in technical and managerial jobs. Compared with single men, married men receive significantly higher performance ratings and are more likely to be promoted. In estimates that control for selection arising from quit decisions, the size of the marriage productivity effect falls but in most cases remains robust. Also, based on supplementary tests, selectivity arising from the decision to marry appears to explain only a small portion of the unadjusted marriage premium for Navy officers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mehay, SL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, 555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM smehay@nps.edu NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 948EU UT WOS:000230699600004 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI Resurrection: Salvaging the battle fleet at Pearl Harbor. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 654 EP 655 DI 10.1353/tech.2005.0135 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 961LB UT WOS:000231662800027 ER PT J AU Uhlig, F AF Uhlig, F TI Brown water warfare: The US Navy in riverine warfare and the emergence of a tactical doctrine, 1775-1970. SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Uhlig, F (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 340 EP 342 DI 10.1177/096834450501200305 PG 3 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 931YM UT WOS:000229521400005 ER PT J AU MacMahan, JH Thornton, EB Stanton, TP Reniers, AJHM AF MacMahan, JH Thornton, EB Stanton, TP Reniers, AJHM TI RIPEX: Observations of a rip current system SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rip currents; morphodynamics; nearshore; surf zone; transverse bar; circulation ID LOW-ENERGY CONDITIONS; SURF ZONE; FLOW CHARACTERISTICS; BEACH; MORPHOLOGY; CIRCULATION; AUSTRALIA; UNDERTOW; DRIFTER; WAVE AB Rip current kinematics and beach morphodynamics were measured for 44 days at Sand City, Monterey Bay, CA using 15 instruments composed of co-located velocity and pressure sensors, acoustic Doppler current profilers, and kinematic GPS surveys. The morphology consisted of a low-tide terrace with incised quasi-periodic rip channels, representative of transverse bars. Offshore (17 in depth) significant wave height and peak period ranged 0.20-3.0 in and 5-20 s. The mean wave direction was consistently near 0 degrees resulting in rip channel morphology, which evolved in response to the changing wave characteristics. An inverse relationship between sediment accreting on the transverse bar and eroding in the rip channel was found. The spatial distribution of sediment is reflected in the background rip current flow field. The mean velocity magnitudes within the rip channel (transverse bars) increased offshore (onshore) with decreasing tidal elevations and increased with increasing sea-swell energy. Eulerian averaged flows were predominantly shoreward on the transverse bars and seaward within the rip channel throughout the experiment, resulting in a persistent cellular circulation, except during low wave energy. The rip current spacing to the rip channel width was less than or equal to two, which suggests that the rip currents are influenced by each other and that no two-dimensional bar return flow should be present. The vertical velocity profile on the bar indicated that the flow was predominantly shoreward. The flow field within the surf zone was depth uniform, except for significant shear occurring near the surface, owing to Stokes drift. The wave-induced transport hypothesis is evaluated. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP MacMahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jhmacmah@nps.edu; thomton@nps.edu; stanton@nps.edu; ad@dutcvmm.ct.tudelft.nl NR 42 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 218 IS 1-4 BP 113 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2005.03.019 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 942IA UT WOS:000230274900007 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Jang, BB Kafafi, ZH AF Lee, SH Jang, BB Kafafi, ZH TI Highly fluorescent solid-state asymmetric spirosilabifluorene derivatives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORTING MATERIALS; SILOLE DERIVATIVES; EMISSION; STABILITY; GLASSES; ACIDS AB A series of four asymmetrically aryl-substituted 9,9'-spiro-9-silabifluorene (SSF) derivatives, 2,2'-di-tert-butyl-7,7'-diphenyl-9,9'-spiro-9-silabifluorene (PhSSF), 2,2'-di-tert-butyl-7,7'-dipyridin-2-yl-9,9'-spiro-9-silabifluorene (PySSF), 2,2'-di-tert-butyl-7,7'-dibiphenyl-4-yl-9,9'-spiro-9-silabifluorene (BPhSSF), and 2,2'-di-tert-butyl-7,7'-bis(2',2"-bipyridin-6-yl)-9,9'-spiro-9-silabifluorene (BPySSF) are prepared through the cyclization of the corresponding 2,2'-dilithiobiphenyls with silicon tetrachloride. These novel spiro-linked silacyclopentadienes (siloles) form transparent and stable amorphous films with relatively high glass transition temperatures (T-g = 203-228 degrees C). The absorbance spectrum of each compound shows a significant bathochromic shift relative to that of the corresponding carbon analogue as a result of the effective sigma*-pi* conjugation between the sigma* orbital of the exocyclic Si-C bond and the pi* orbital of the oligoarylene fragment. Solid-state films exhibit intense violet-blue emission (lambda(PL) = 398-415 nm) with high absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (Phi(PL) = 30-55%). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sangho@ccs.nri.navy.mil; kafafi@nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 17 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 25 BP 9071 EP 9078 DI 10.1021/ja042762q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 938NR UT WOS:000230010600048 PM 15969585 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M Moore, S AF Fatemi, FK Bashkansky, M Moore, S TI Side-illuminated hollow-core optical fiber for atom guiding SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; WAVE-GUIDE AB We demonstrate a technique for coupling guiding light into hollow-core optical fibers for atom guiding. Microprisms embedded into a multimode, double-clad hollow fiber, allow light to be coupled into the fiber at multiple locations along the length of the fiber. The technique offers significant advantages over end-pumped configurations. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ffatemi@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 27 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 13 BP 4890 EP 4895 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.004890 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 940TL UT WOS:000230167500010 PM 19498475 ER PT J AU Leathers, RA Downes, TV Priest, RG AF Leathers, RA Downes, TV Priest, RG TI Scene-based nonuniformity corrections for optical and SWIR pushbroom sensors SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We propose and evaluate several scene-based methods for computing nonuniformity corrections for visible or near-infrared pushbroom sensors. These methods can be used to compute new nonuniformity correction values or to repair or refine existing radiometric calibrations. For a given data set, the preferred method depends on the quality of the data, the type of scenes being imaged, and the existence and quality of a laboratory calibration. We demonstrate our methods with data from several different sensor systems and provide a generalized approach to be taken for any new data set. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leathers, RA (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM leathers@nrl.navy.mil; downes@nrl.navy.mil; priest@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 27 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 13 BP 5136 EP 5150 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.005136 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 940TL UT WOS:000230167500038 PM 19498503 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, A AF Jordan, PM Puri, A TI Growth/decay of transverse acceleration waves in nonlinear elastic media SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE acceleration waves; finite time blow up; nonlinear elasticity; transverse waves ID BURGERS-EQUATION AB A study of transverse acceleration wave phenomena in the context of nonlinear elasticity is carried out. Using singular surface theory, exact amplitude expressions for acceleration waves arising from a sinusoidal boundary condition (BC) are obtained and their temporal evolution and propagation speeds determined. It is shown that amplitude blow up is possible only if the medium ahead is in motion, otherwise a constant amplitude wave occurs. Analytical results are illustrated numerically using simple computational methods/tools. Lastly, erroneous results that were reported in a recently published related study are noted and/or corrected. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 27 PY 2005 VL 341 IS 5-6 BP 427 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.05.010 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 938ZM UT WOS:000230041900010 ER PT J AU Kao, AY Munandar, R Ferrara, SL Systrom, DM Sheridan, RL Cash, SS Ryan, ET Ronan, L Harris, NL Llewellyn, M AF Kao, AY Munandar, R Ferrara, SL Systrom, DM Sheridan, RL Cash, SS Ryan, ET Ronan, L Harris, NL Llewellyn, M TI Respiratory distress and hemiparesis after a tsunami - Tsunami-related aspiration pneumonia with lung and brain abscesses, probably polymicrobial SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Chelsea Hlth Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Pulm & Crit Care Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Trop & Geog Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Project HOPE, Task Force HOPE Mercy, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Zainoel Abidin Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. US Naval Ship Mercy TAH19, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Burn Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Trauma Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Boston, MA USA. RP Kao, AY (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Chelsea Hlth Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 25 BP 2628 EP 2636 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 937VJ UT WOS:000229953700012 PM 15972870 ER PT J AU Wu, HF Thatcher, LN Bernard, D Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Rice, KC MacKerell, AD Coop, A AF Wu, HF Thatcher, LN Bernard, D Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Rice, KC MacKerell, AD Coop, A TI Position of coordination of the lithium ion determines the regioselectivity of demethylations of 3,4-dimethoxymorphinans with L-selectride SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; ANALOGS; 14-ALKOXYMORPHINANS; DERIVATIVES; CYPRODIME; AFFINITY; REAGENT AB L-Selectride is an efficient agent for the 3-O-clemethylation of opioids and is known to cleave the least hindered methoxyl group in a molecule. The treatment of a 3,4-dimethoxymorphinan containing a 6-ketal with L-Selectride gave selective 4-O-clemethylation, rather than cleavage of the less hindered 3-methoxyl. In contrast, a 3,4-dimethoxymorphinan lacking a 6-ketal gave selective 3-O-demethylation, suggesting that the regiochemistry of L-Selectride-mediated O-demethylation can be manipulated through altering the position of coordination of the lithium ion. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wu, HF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM acoop@rx.umaryland.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; Bernard, Denzil/0000-0001-7529-3336; MacKerell, Alex/0000-0001-8287-6804 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-13583, Y1-DA-1002-01, K02 DA019634, K02 DA019634-01] NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 7 IS 13 BP 2531 EP 2534 DI 10.1021/ol050433c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 937UU UT WOS:000229952100004 PM 15957883 ER PT J AU van Joolen, VJ Neta, B Givoli, D AF van Joolen, VJ Neta, B Givoli, D TI High-order Higdon-like boundary conditions for exterior transient wave problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE waves : high-order; artificial boundary; non-reflecting boundary condition; Higdon; auxiliary variables; finite difference ID TIME-DEPENDENT SCATTERING; ELASTIC-WAVES; DISPERSIVE WAVES; EQUATION; MODELS; PROPAGATION; FORMULATION; SCHEME; FLOWS AB Recently developed non-reflecting boundary conditions are applied for exterior tithe-dependent wave problems in unbounded domains. The linear tithe-dependent wave equation, with or without a dispersive term. is considered in an infinite domain. The infinite domain is truncated via an artificial boundary B and a high-order non-reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) is imposed on B. Then the problem is solved numerically in the finite domain bounded by B. The new boundary scheme is based on a reformulation of the sequence of NRBCS proposed by Higdon. We consider here two reformulations: one that involves high-order derivatives with a special discretization scheme, and another that does not involve any high derivatives beyond second order. The latter formulation is made possible by introducing special auxiliary variables on B. In both formulations the new NRBCs can easily be used up to an desired order. They can be incorporated in a finite element or a finite difference scheme; in the present paper the latter is used. In contrast to previous papers using similar formulations, here the method is applied to a fully exterior two-dimensional problem, with a rectangular boundary. Numerical examples in infinite domains are used to demonstrate the performance and advantages of the new method. In the auxiliary-variable formulation long-tithe corner instability is observed, that requires special treatment of the corners (not addressed in this paper). No such difficulties arise in the high-derivative formulation. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Asher Ctr Space Res, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math Appl, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jvanjoo@nps.navy.mil; byneta@gmail.com; givolid@aerodyne.technion.ac.il RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 63 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1068 DI 10.1002/nme.1322 PG 28 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 938DF UT WOS:000229979400005 ER PT J AU McClean, RE Norris, L AF McClean, RE Norris, L TI A kinetic study of the reactions of vanadium, iron, and cobalt with sulfur dioxide SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; GAS-PHASE KINETICS; DEPLETION KINETICS; NO; O-2; N2O; CO2; COMPLEXES; DENSITY; SO2 AB A kinetic study of the reactions of ground state V, Fe, and Co with SO2 is reported. V, Fe, and Co were produced by the 248 nm photodissociation of VCl4, ferrocene, and CO(C5H5)(CO)(2), respectively, and were detected by laser-induced fluorescence. V + SO2 proceeds by an abstraction reaction with rate constants given by k = (2.33 +/- 0.57) x 10(-10) exp[-(1.14 +/- 0.19) kcal mol(-1)/RT] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over the temperature range 296-571 K. Fe + SO2 was studied in the N-2 buffer range of 10-185 Torr between 294 and 498 K. The limiting, low-pressure third-order rate constants are given by k(0) = (3.45 +/- 1.19) x 10(-30) exp[-(2.81 +/- 0.24) kcal mol(-1)/ RT] cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1). Co + SO2 was studied in the CO2 buffer range of 5-40 Torr between 294 and 498 K. This reaction is independent of temperature over the indicated range and has a third-order rate constant of k(0) (5.23 +/- 0.28) x 10(-31) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1). Results of this work are compared to previous work on the Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, and Ni + SO2 systems. The reaction efficiencies for the abstraction reactions depend on the ionization energies of the transition metal atoms and on the reaction exothermicities, and the reaction efficiencies of the association reactions are strongly dependent on the energies needed to promote an electron from a 4s(2) configuration to a 4s(1) configuration. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McClean, RE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 7 IS 12 BP 2489 EP 2497 DI 10.1039/b504032a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 942UO UT WOS:000230308600012 PM 15962034 ER PT J AU Seferos, DS Trammell, SA Bazan, GC Kushmerick, JG AF Seferos, DS Trammell, SA Bazan, GC Kushmerick, JG TI Probing pi-coupling in molecular junctions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE charge transport; molecular electronics; surface science ID SELF-ASSEMBLING MONOLAYERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SELECTIVE DEALKYLATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL JUNCTIONS; GOLD ELECTRODES; WIRES; AU; PARACYCLOPHANE AB Charge transport characteristics for metal-molecule-metal junctions containing two structurally related pi-conjugated systems were studied to probe pi-pi interactions in molecular junctions. The first molecule contains a typical pi-conjugated framework derived from phenylene vinylene units, whereas the second has the phenylene vinylene structure interrupted by a [2.2]paracyclophane (pCp) core. Electrochemical investigations were used to characterize the defects and packing density of self-assembled monolayers of the two molecules on gold surfaces and to enable quantitative comparison of their transport characteristics. Current-voltage measurements across molecular junctions containing the two species demonstrate that the pCp moiety yields a highly conductive break in through-bond pi-conjugation. The observed high conductivity is consistent with density functional theory calculations, which demonstrate strong through-space pi-pi coupling across the pCp moiety. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bazan, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bazan@chem.ucsb.edu; kushmerick@nrl.navy.mil RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 47 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 25 BP 8821 EP 8825 DI 10.1073/pnas.0500002102 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 939CI UT WOS:000230049500008 PM 15956193 ER PT J AU Blackmon, F Estes, L Fain, G AF Blackmon, F Estes, L Fain, G TI Linear optoacoustic underwater communication SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-GENERATION; SOUND AB The linear mechanism for optical-to-acoustic energy conversion is explored for optoacoustic communication from an in-air platform or surface vessel to a submerged vessel such as a submarine or unmanned undersea vehicle. The communication range that can be achieved is addressed. A number of conventional signals used in underwater acoustic telemetry applications are shown to be capable of being generated experimentally through the linear optoacoustic regime conversion process. These results are in agreement with simulation based on current theoretical models. A number of practical issues concerning linear optoacoustic communication are addressed that lead to a formulation of a linear-regime optoacoustic communication scheme. The use of oblique laser beam incidence at the air-water interface to obtain considerable in-air range from the laser source to the in-water receiver is addressed. Also, the effect of oblique incidence on in-water range is examined. Next, the optimum and suboptimum linear optoacoustic sound-generation techniques for selecting the optical wavelength and signaling frequency for optimizing in-water range are addressed and discussed. Optoacoustic communication techniques employing M-ary frequency shift keying and multifrequency shift keying are then compared with regard to communication parameters such as bandwidth, data rate, range coverage, and number of lasers employed. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Massachusetts, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM blackmonfa@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 7 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 18 BP 3833 EP 3845 DI 10.1364/AO.44.003833 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 938IC UT WOS:000229992100025 PM 15989059 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Bellotti, JA Garzarella, A Wu, DH AF Qadri, SB Bellotti, JA Garzarella, A Wu, DH TI Anisotropic thermal expansion of strontium barium niobate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; CRYSTAL AB Strontium barium niobate is a tungsten-bronze ferroelectric crystal having a tetragonal unit cell. Low-temperature x-ray diffraction studies were performed on a single crystal of Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O6 to determine the thermal expansivity along the a- and c-axes. Negative thermal expansion was observed along the c direction while a positive thermal expansion was measured along the a axis. The anisotropic thermal expansion behavior is explained as arising due to the geometry of the crystal structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 25 AR 251914 DI 10.1063/1.1946183 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 936LU UT WOS:000229858300022 ER PT J AU Young, A Rudnick, L Katz, D Delaney, T Kassim, NE Makishima, K AF Young, A Rudnick, L Katz, D Delaney, T Kassim, NE Makishima, K TI Canonical particle acceleration in FR I radio galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE acceleration of particles; galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies; techniques : image processing ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RILEY TYPE-I; COMPTON X-RAYS; SHOCK ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC JETS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HOT-SPOTS; 3C 66B; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AB Matched-resolution multifrequency VLA observations of four radio galaxies are used to derive the asymptotic low-energy slope of the relativistic electron distribution. When available, low-energy slopes are also determined for other sources in the literature. They provide information on the acceleration physics independent of radiative and other losses, which confuse measurements of the synchrotron spectra in most radio, optical, and X-ray studies. We find a narrow range of inferred low-energy electron energy slopes n(E) proportional to E-2.1 for the currently small sample of lower luminosity sources classified as FR I (not classical doubles). This distribution is close to, but apparently inconsistent with, the test particle limit of n(E) proportional to E-2.0 expected from strong diffusive shock acceleration in the nonrelativistic limit. Relativistic shocks or those modified by the back-pressure of efficiently accelerated cosmic rays are two alternatives to produce somewhat steeper spectra. We note for further study the possibility of acceleration through shocks, turbulence, or shear in the flaring and brightening regions in FR I jets as they move away from the nucleus. Jets on parsec scales and the collimated jets and hot spots of FR II (classical double) sources would be governed by different acceleration sites and mechanisms; they appear to show a much wider range of spectra than those for FR I sources. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Kutztown State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 117 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 2 BP 748 EP 766 DI 10.1086/430107 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 935PU UT WOS:000229795000010 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Chifor, C Landi, E AF Phillips, KJH Chifor, C Landi, E TI The high-temperature response of the TRACE 171 angstrom and 195 angstrom channels SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : flares; sun : UV radiation; sun : x-rays; gamma rays ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CHIANTI; WAVELENGTHS; IONIZATION; TELESCOPE; PLASMAS; FLARES; RATES; LOOPS AB The CHIANTI spectral code is used to estimate line and continuum intensity contributions to the TRACE 171 and 195 angstrom channels, widely used for imaging a variety of solar features and phenomena, including quiet-Sun and active region loops and solar flares. It is shown that the 171 angstrom channel has a high-temperature response due to continuum and Fe xx line emission, so high-temperature (similar to 10-20 MK) features in flares, prominent in TRACE 195 angstrom images as well as in X-ray images from Yohkoh and RHESSI, are sometimes visible in images made in the 171 angstrom channel. Such features consist of hot loop-top emission, either confined spots or "spine" structures in loop arcades. This is illustrated with TRACE and X-ray flare images. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Res Council, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Res Council, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM phillips@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov; chifor@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov; landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 2 BP 1110 EP 1115 DI 10.1086/430128 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 935PU UT WOS:000229795000044 ER PT J AU Zavala, RT Taylor, GB AF Zavala, RT Taylor, GB TI Faraday rotation measure gradients from a helical magnetic field in 3C 273 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; polarization; quasars : individual (3C 273); radio continuum : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RELATIVISTIC JETS; RADIO-SOURCES; DEPOLARIZATION; POLARIZATION; VIEW; FOG AB Using high- frequency ( 12 - 22 GHz) VLBA observations, we confirm the existence of a Faraday rotation measure gradient of similar to 500 rad m(-2) mas(-1) transverse to the jet axis in the quasar 3C 273. The gradient is seen in two epochs spaced roughly 6 months apart. This stable transverse rotation- measure gradient is expected if a helical magnetic field wraps around the jet. The overall order to the magnetic field in the inner projected 40 pc is consistent with a helical field. However, we find an unexpected increase in fractional polarization along the edges of the source, contrary to expectations. This high fractional polarization rules out internal Faraday rotation but is not readily explained by a helical field. After correcting for the rotation measure, the intrinsic magnetic field direction in the jet of 3C 273 changes from parallel to nearly perpendicular to the projected jet motion at two locations. If a helical magnetic field causes the observed rotation measure gradient, then the synchrotron- emitting electrons must be separate from the helical field region. The presence or absence of transverse rotation- measure gradients in other sources is also discussed. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zavala, RT (reprint author), USN Observ, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM bzavala@nofs.navy.mil; gtaylor@nrao.edu RI Zavala, Robert/D-7821-2011 OI Zavala, Robert/0000-0002-9402-2870 NR 20 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 2 BP L73 EP L76 DI 10.1086/431901 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 935PW UT WOS:000229795200001 ER PT J AU Keller, TM Dominguez, DD AF Keller, TM Dominguez, DD TI High temperature resorcinol-based phthalonitrile polymer SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE phthalonitrile; high temperature; processability ID INTRINSICALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMER; CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES; POLYSULFONE PHTHALONITRILES; POLYIMIDES; RESIN AB Resorcinol-based phthalonitrile, 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene, has been synthesized in high yield by a simple nucleophilic displacement of a nitro-substituent from 4-nitrophthalonitrile in a dipolar aprotic solvent. The monomer can be thermally polymerized to a network polymer in the presence of an amine curing additive. The resin is readily processed in a controlled manner as a function of temperature and quantity of additive. Thermal analyses and rheology studies were used to characterize the high temperature thermosetting phthalonitrile polymer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Div Chem, Code 6127,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keller1@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 96 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 13 BP 4614 EP 4618 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.068 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 933XW UT WOS:000229667200010 ER PT J AU Froimowitz, M Gu, YH Dakin, LA Kelley, CJ Parrish, D Deschamps, JR AF Froimowitz, M Gu, YH Dakin, LA Kelley, CJ Parrish, D Deschamps, JR TI Vinylogous amide analogs of methylphenidate SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; BIOGENIC-AMINE TRANSPORTERS; REUPTAKE BLOCKERS; DOPAMINE; COCAINE; PHARMACOLOGY; BRAIN AB In an effort to produce compounds with longer durations of action, we attempted to synthesize ketone analogs of methylphenidate which, however, appear to be highly unstable due to a highly acidic proton alpha to the ketone and phenyl groups. Nevertheless, vinylogous amide by products have been synthesized and tested for activity at dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters. The compounds were found to be weak inhibitors of monoamine reuptake despite rigid three dimensional structures that are quite similar to the global minimum of threo-(R,R)-methylphenidate. The structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Massachusetts Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Froimowitz, M (reprint author), Massachusetts Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mfroimowitz@bos.mcphs.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA015795, Y1 DA 0107-05, Y1-DA1002-04] NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 15 IS 12 BP 3044 EP 3047 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.034 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 935VU UT WOS:000229812300019 PM 15908207 ER PT J AU Taitt, CR Anderson, GP Ligler, FS AF Taitt, CR Anderson, GP Ligler, FS TI Evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Review DE fluorescence; biosensors; evanescent; planar waveguide; fiber optic ID FIBER-OPTIC BIOSENSOR; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PORTABLE ARRAY BIOSENSOR; PROTEIN-C BIOSENSOR; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; MICROARRAY IMMUNOASSAY; FLUOROMETRIC DETECTION; SIGNAL ACQUISITION; AIRBORNE BIOSENSOR AB Since discovery and first use in the mid-1970s, evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors have developed into a diverse range of instruments, each designed to meet a particular detection need. In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of what evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors are, how they work, and how they are used. In addition, we have summarized the important patents that have impacted the evolution from laboratory curiosities to fully automated commercial products. Finally, we address the critical issues that evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors will face in the coming years. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 276 TC 162 Z9 166 U1 10 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 12 BP 2470 EP 2487 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.026 PG 18 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927AO UT WOS:000229165000008 PM 15854820 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Pawlus, S Hensel-Bielowka, S Kaminska, E Prevosto, D Capaccioli, S Rolla, PA Ngai, KL AF Paluch, M Pawlus, S Hensel-Bielowka, S Kaminska, E Prevosto, D Capaccioli, S Rolla, PA Ngai, KL TI Two secondary modes in decahydroisoquinoline: Which one is the true Johari Goldstein process? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC GLASS FORMERS; SLOW BETA-PROCESS; CONFORMATIONAL EQUILIBRIA; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; H-2 NMR; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; SORBITOL AB Broadband dielectric measurements were carried out at isobaric and isothermal conditions up to 1.75 GPa for reconsidering the relaxation dynamics of decahydroisoquinoline, previously investigated by Richert [R. Richert, K. Duvvuri, and L.-T. Duong, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 1828 (2003)] at atmospheric pressure. The relaxation time of the intense secondary relaxation tau(beta) seems to be insensitive to applied pressure, contrary to the alpha-relaxation times tau(alpha). Moreover, the separation of the alpha- and beta-relaxation times lacks correlation between shapes of the alpha-process and beta-relaxation times, predicted by the coupling model [see for example, K. L. Ngai, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15, S1107 (2003)], suggesting that the beta process is not a true Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation. From the other side, by performing measurements under favorable conditions, we are able to reveal a new secondary relaxation process, otherwise suppressed by the intense beta process, and to determine the temperature dependence of its relaxation times, which is in agreement with that of the JG relaxation. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. INFM CRS SOFT, I-00185 Rome, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM mpaluch@us.edu.pl RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 37 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 23 AR 234506 DI 10.1063/1.1931669 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 939RZ UT WOS:000230091400038 PM 16008461 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MP Barlow, DE Russell, JN Butler, JE D'Evelyn, MP Hamers, RJ AF Schwartz, MP Barlow, DE Russell, JN Butler, JE D'Evelyn, MP Hamers, RJ TI Adsorption of acrylonitrile on diamond and silicon (001)-(2 x 1) surfaces: Effects of dimer structure on reaction pathways and product distributions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; CYCLOADDITION CHEMISTRY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; AB-INITIO; X-1 SURFACE; DOUBLE-BOND; TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to compare the reaction of acrylonitrile with Si(001) and C(001) (diamond) surfaces. Our results show that reaction with Si(001) and C(001) yield very different product distributions that result from fundamental differences in the ionic character of these surfaces. While acrylonitrile reacts with the C(001) surface via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction in a manner similar to nonpolar molecules such as alkenes and disilenes, reaction with the Si(001) surface occurs largely through the nitrile group. This work represents the first experimental example of how differences in dimer structure lead to very different chemistry for C(001) compared to that for Si(001). The fact that Si(001) reacts with the strongly polar nitrile group of acrylonitrile indicates that the zwitterionic character of this surface controls its reactivity. C(001) dimers, on the other hand, behave more like a true molecular double bond, albeit a highly strained one. Consequently, while alternative strategies will be necessary for chemical modification of Si(001), traditional schemes from organic chemistry for functionalization of alkenes and disilenes may be available for building molecular layers on C(001). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. GE Global Res, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Russell, JN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.russell@nrl.navy.mil; rjhamers@wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Barlow, Daniel/C-9006-2013; Schwartz, Michael/B-3417-2008; Schwartz, Mike/O-7963-2016; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3785-6606; Schwartz, Mike/0000-0003-3785-6606; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 79 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 23 BP 8348 EP 8354 DI 10.1021/ja042701s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 935AM UT WOS:000229751100042 PM 15941268 ER PT J AU Alexeev, I Ting, AC Gordon, DF Briscoe, E Hafizi, B Sprangle, P AF Alexeev, I Ting, AC Gordon, DF Briscoe, E Hafizi, B Sprangle, P TI Characterization of the third-harmonic radiation generated by intense laser self-formed filaments propagating in air SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSES; COMPRESSION AB We perform laboratory experiments to study ultraviolet radiation generated by intense self-formed laser filaments produced by propagating high-power femtosecond laser pulses in air. The laser used in the experiment is a 0.5 TW Ti:sapphire system with the center wavelength at 800 nm. The observed ultraviolet emission occurs in the form of the third harmonic and frequency-up shifted radiation from the fundamental. We present direct characterization of the generated harmonic and frequency-upshifted radiation, including transverse imaging and spatially resolved spectral measurements. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Icarus Res, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Alexeev, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ilya.alexeev@gmail.com NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1505 DI 10.1364/OL.30.001503 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 934EJ UT WOS:000229689400025 PM 16007788 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Long, JP Whitman, LJ AF Petrovykh, DY Long, JP Whitman, LJ TI Surface passivation of InAs(001) with thioacetamide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY-PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; INAS SURFACES; GAAS SURFACE; ACCUMULATION AB We describe the passivation of InAss(001) surfaces with thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2 or TAM) as an alternative to the standard sulfur passivation using inorganic sulfide (NH4)(2)S-x. Quantitative comparison using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates that TAM passivation dramatically improves the stability against reoxidation in air compared with the inorganic sulfide, with little to no etching during the treatment. We find that TAM passivation preserves the intrinsic surface charge accumulation layer, as directly confirmed with laser-induced photoemission. Overall, TAM appears to provide superior passivation for electronic device and sensing applications. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrovykh, DY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dmitri.petrovykh@nrl.navy.mil; whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 242105 DI 10.1063/1.1946182 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700039 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DA Teague, WJ Jarosz, E Wang, DW AF Mitchell, DA Teague, WJ Jarosz, E Wang, DW TI Observed currents over the outer continental shelf during Hurricane Ivan SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER CURRENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER MODEL; STRONG WINDS; ANDREW; OCEAN; STORM; FLOW AB Hurricane Ivan crossed the Gulf of Mexico as a category 4/5 storm before making landfall in Alabama. Here we show in unprecedented detail the oceanic response generated by Ivan as it crossed the outer continental shelf. The current structure was found to be frictionally dominated with overlapping surface and bottom boundary layers as Ivan approached before transitioning to a dominant surface boundary layer as the wind stress peaked. The strongest currents, largest temperature fluctuations, and greatest transports were generated left of the storm track. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Mitchell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM dmitchell@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Paranicas, Christopher/B-1470-2016; Bunce, Emma/I-9067-2016; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016; Mauk, Barry/E-8420-2017; OI Paranicas, Christopher/0000-0002-4391-8255; Bunce, Emma/0000-0002-9456-0345; Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306; Mauk, Barry/0000-0001-9789-3797; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 NR 18 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 AR L11610 DI 10.1029/2005GL023014 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937YP UT WOS:000229964300005 ER PT J AU Jederberg, WW AF Jederberg, WW TI Issues with the integration of technical information in planning for and responding to nontraditional disasters SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITIES; WORLD-TRADE-CENTER; NOISE AB In the post-9/11 environment, it has become recognized that the response to man-made disasters (such as chemical spills, bioterrorism, and radiation dispersal) requires a much, broader range of tools and technical knowledge than needed for natural disasters (i.e., hurricanes, earthquakes, or drought), This need also requires that those who develop technical information for disaster planning maintain a broader perspective of how the information will be used and what the priorities are for developing new information. In addition, the ability to communicate information within a context understandable to the "end user" has become more critical. The intent of this article is to present issues to help those who traditionally collect and interpret technical information (toxicology, risk assessment, mitigation planners, etc.) to better understand how their information is used in planning for and responding to incidents. These issues are similar to those experienced when trying to provide the users of information provided on material safety data sheets (MSDS) with an understanding of the value and limits of such information in decision making. Confounding the problem are the many source's that provide exposure limits and the limited amount of time the user has to understand the limits of the data during an emergency, While the Federal Response Plan integrates the efforts of multiple agencies, the "on-scene" responders are faced with trying to respond to contradictory strategies and applications of information. Sources of response technical information need to better communicate the limits of application/interpretation of that information in emergency situations. C1 USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jederberg, WW (reprint author), USN, Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Warren.jederberg@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 877 EP 888 DI 10.1080/15287390590912171 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100004 PM 16020182 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Bekkedal, M Wilfong, ER Rossi, J Grasman, KA Healey, LB Rutkiewicz, JM Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Lohrke, SR Schaeffer, DJ Still, KR AF Arfsten, DP Bekkedal, M Wilfong, ER Rossi, J Grasman, KA Healey, LB Rutkiewicz, JM Johnson, EW Thitoff, AR Jung, AE Lohrke, SR Schaeffer, DJ Still, KR TI Study of the reproductive effects in rats surgically implanted with depleted uranium for up to 90 days SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agcy, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agcy Tox Subst Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupat Safety Hlth ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; DIOXIDE UO2 DUST; NATURAL URANIUM; 5-YEAR INHALATION; CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; URANYL CHLORIDE; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; EXPOSURE; MICE AB In 2001, the Naval Health Research Center Toxicology Detachment was funded by the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAMRAA) to conduct a study of the effects of surgically implanted depleted uranium (D J) pellets on adult rat reproductive success and development across two successive generations. This article presents some of the findings for the group of offspring from adult rats mated at 30 d post surgical implantation of DU pellets. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rat:; (P1 generation) were surgically implanted with 0, 4, 8, or 12 DU pellets (1 x 2 mm). The P1 generation was then cross-mated at 30 d post surgical implantation. Urine collected from P1 animals at 27 d post surgical implantation showed that DU was excreted in the urine of DU-implanted animals in a dose-dependent manner, DU surgical implantation did not have a negative impact on PI reproductive success, survival, or body weight gain through post surgical implantation d 90. There were no statistically, significant differences in F1 birth weight, survival, and litter size at postnatal day (PND) 0, 5, and 20. No gross physical abnormalities identified in the offspring were attributable to neonatal DU exposure. A series of neurodevelopment and immune function assessments were also conducted on F1 offspring. No group differences were observed that were related to parental DU exposure. Studies are ongoing on the impact of leaving DU embedded in soft tissue for 120 d on rat reproduction and subsequent offspring survival and development. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. State Wisconsin, Bur Environm & Occupat Hlth, Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM darryl.arfsten@wpafb.af.mil NR 69 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 967 EP 997 DI 10.1080/15287390590912603 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100009 PM 16020187 ER PT J AU Mobley, CD Sundman, LK Davis, CO Bowles, JH Downes, TV Leathers, RA Montes, MJ Bissett, WP Kohler, DDR Reid, RP Louchard, EM Gleason, A AF Mobley, CD Sundman, LK Davis, CO Bowles, JH Downes, TV Leathers, RA Montes, MJ Bissett, WP Kohler, DDR Reid, RP Louchard, EM Gleason, A TI Interpretation of hyperspectral remote-sensing imagery by spectrum matching and look-up tables SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LEE-STOCKING ISLAND; CARBONATE SEDIMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REFLECTANCE; BATHYMETRY; BAHAMAS; ENVIRONMENTS; FLUORESCENCE; COMMUNITIES; COLOR AB A spectrum-matching and look-up-table (LUT) methodology has been developed and evaluated to extract environmental information from remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery. The LUT methodology works as follows. First, a database of remote-sensing reflectance (R-rs) spectra corresponding to various water depths, bottom reflectance spectra, and water-column inherent optical properties (IOPs) is constructed using a special version of the HydroLight radiative transfer numerical model. Second, the measured R-rs spectrum for a particular image pixel is compared with each spectrum in the database, and the closest match to the image spectrum is found using a least-squares minimization. The environmental conditions in nature are then assumed to be the same as the input conditions that generated the closest matching HydroLight-generated database spectrum. The LUT methodology has been evaluated by application to an Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imaging Low-Light Spectrometer image acquired near Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas, on 17 May 2000. The LUT-retrieved bottom depths were on average within 5% and 0.5 m of independently obtained acoustic depths. The LUT-retrieved bottom classification was in qualitative agreement with diver and video spot classification of bottom types, and the LUT-retrieved IOPs were consistent with IOPs measured at nearby times and locations. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Sequoia Sci Inc, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida Environm Res Inst, Montgomery, AL 36117 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Mobley, CD (reprint author), Sequoia Sci Inc, 2700 Richards Rd,Suite 109, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. EM curtis.mobley@sequoiasci.com RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 26 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 26 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 17 BP 3576 EP 3592 DI 10.1364/AO.44.003576 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 934PF UT WOS:000229720000026 PM 16007858 ER PT J AU Penarrubia, J Martinez-Delgado, D Rix, HW Gomez-Flechoso, MA Munn, J Newberg, H Bell, EF Yanny, B Zucker, D Grebel, EK AF Penarrubia, J Martinez-Delgado, D Rix, HW Gomez-Flechoso, MA Munn, J Newberg, H Bell, EF Yanny, B Zucker, D Grebel, EK TI A comprehensive model for the Monoceros tidal stream SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : halos; galaxies : structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ANTICENTER STELLAR STRUCTURE; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; N-BODY REALIZATIONS; MILKY-WAY; CANIS-MAJOR; DYNAMICAL FRICTION; HALO SUBSTRUCTURE; OPEN CLUSTERS; DATA RELEASE AB We have compiled an extensive data set on potential parts of the Monoceros tidal stream and performed an exhaustive survey of dwarf galaxy semianalytic orbits in order to constrain its orbital properties. The best-fit orbits are subsequently realized as self-consistent N-body simulations in order to reproduce the spatial and velocity distribution of satellite debris. We find that all kinematic and geometric constraints can be fit by a single stream allowing for multiple wraps. The orbital eccentricity and inclination of the progenitor are strongly constrained to be e = 0.10 &PLUSMN; 0: 05 and i = 25&DEG; &PLUSMN; 5&DEG;. Ten new estimates of proper motions from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey clearly exclude all retrograde orbits. Particles lost by the satellite populate two nearly concentric rings, naturally explaining the detection of stream stars at both 6-8 kpc (Ibata et al.; Newberg et al.) and 12-18 kpc ( the Tri/And stream; Rocha-Pinto et al.) from the Sun. We have attempted to predict the present location of the Monoceros stream progenitor using different information: (1) the kinematical and spatial distribution of detections, and (2) the different mean metallicity in the inner and the outer rings. Because of the lack of observational data in the whole range of Galactic latitudes, the geometrical/kinematical constraints lead to a wide range of possible locations. By associating older parts of the model stream with lower metallicity parts of the observed data, we argue in favor of a current location of l &SIM; 245&DEG;, b &SIM; -18&DEG;, with a distance to the Sun r(s) &SIME; 15 kpc. The mass of the progenitor has been poorly constrained because of the slow orbital decay. Similar fits have been obtained for masses (3-9); 10(8) M-&ODOT;. We have analyzed the possible common origin of the Canis Major dwarf and the Monoceros stream. The Canis Major dwarf moves on a prograde, nearly circular orbit (e &SIME; 0.16) in theMilkyWay disk (i &SIME; 4(-4)(+14) deg). This orbital inclination is too low to account for the large vertical dispersion of stream stars. However, the bimodal distribution of radial velocities in the central region found by Martin et al. probably indicates that their selection criteria for identifying dwarf stars lead to a contamination of background stars. In that case, the kinematical data outlined above might result in an underestimate of the orbital inclination. Finally, the distance estimation to Canis Major dwarf is around a factor of 2 smaller than that obtained from our model. Unfortunately, the possible identification of the Monoceros stream progenitor in Canis Major remains unclear. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Europea Madrid, E-28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, Spain. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Basel, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. RP Penarrubia, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM jorpega@mpia.de RI Gomez-Flechoso, Maria Angeles/H-9879-2015; OI Gomez-Flechoso, Maria Angeles/0000-0002-0692-7187; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 49 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 128 EP 144 DI 10.1086/429903 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200012 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N AF Titarchuk, L Shaposhnikov, N TI How to distinguish neutron star and black hole X-ray binaries? Spectral index and quasi-periodic oscillation frequency correlation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : individual (4U 1728-34) ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; HIGH-ENERGY SPECTRA; 4U 1728-34; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; INTRINSIC SIGNATURE; 4U-1728-34 GX-354-0; MASS DETERMINATION; TIMING FEATURES; EVENT HORIZON; POWER-LAW AB Recent studies have revealed strong correlations between frequencies of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the range 1-10 Hz and the spectral power-law index of several black hole (BH) candidate sources when seen in the low/hard state, the steep power-law ( soft) state, and in transition between these states. In the soft state these index-QPO frequency correlations show a saturation of the photon index &UGamma; &SIM; 2: 7 at high values of the low frequency v(L). This saturation effect was previously identified as a BH signature. In this paper we argue that this saturation does not occur, at least for one neutron star (NS) source, 4U 1728-34, for which the index &UGamma; monotonically increases with v(L) to values of 6 and higher. We base this conclusion on our analysis of &SIM; 1.5 Ms of Rossi X- Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) archival data for 4U 1728-34. We reveal the spectral evolution of the Comptonized blackbody spectra when the source transitions from the hard to soft states. The hard state spectrum is a typical thermal Comptonization spectrum of the soft photons that originate in the disk and the NS outer photospheric layers. The hard state photon index is &UGamma; &SIM; 2. The soft state spectrum consists of two blackbody components that are only slightly Comptonized. Thus we can claim ( as expected from theory) that in NS sources thermal equilibrium is established for the soft state. To the contrary in BH sources, the equilibrium is never established because of the presence of the BH horizon. The emergent BH spectrum, even in the high/soft state, has a power-law component. We also identify the low QPO frequency v(L) as a fundamental frequency of the quasi-spherical component of the transition layer v(SL); presumably related to the corona and the NS and disk magnetic closed field lines). The lower frequency v(SL) is identified as the frequency of oscillations of a quasi-cylindrical configuration of the TL ( presumably related to the NS and disk magnetic open field lines). We also show that the strength of Fe Kα line, QPOs, and the link between them does not depend on radio flux in 4U 1728-34. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ltitarchuk@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; nikolai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 52 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1086/429986 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200026 ER PT J AU Dib, R Ransom, SM Ray, PS Kaspi, VM Archibald, AM AF Dib, R Ransom, SM Ray, PS Kaspi, VM Archibald, AM TI An RXTE archival search for coherent X-ray pulsations in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820-30 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; pulsars : general; stars : neutron; Xrays : binaries; X-rays : individual (4U 1820-30) ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; ACCRETING MILLISECOND PULSAR; 4U 1820-30; ORBITAL PERIOD; NEUTRON-STARS; POWER SPECTRA; NGC 6624; DISCOVERY; ULTRAVIOLET; NGC-6624 AB As part of a large-scale search for coherent pulsations from low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) archive, we have completed a detailed series of searches for coherent pulsations of 4U 1820-30, an ultracompact LMXB with a binary period of 11.4 minutes, located in the globular cluster NGC 6624. This binary's short period implies that any coherent signal would be highly accelerated, so we used phase modulation searches, orbital-parameter-fitting coherent searches, and standard acceleration searches to give significant sensitivity to millisecond pulsations. At a range of luminosities and in four energy bands, we searched a total of 34 archival RXTE observations, 32 of which had on-source integration times longer than 10 ks and some of which were made consecutively, which allowed us to combine them. We found no pulsations. Using our phase modulation search technique, which we ran on all 34 observations, we have been able to place the first stringent (95% confidence) pulsed fraction limits of &LSIM; 0.8% on all realistic spin frequencies ( i.e., &LSIM; 2 kHz) and likely companion masses ( 0.02 M-&ODOT; &LE; M-c &LE; 0.3 M-&ODOT;). Using our orbital-parameter-fitting coherent search, which we ran on only 11 selected observations, we have placed a pulsed fraction limit of &LSIM; 0.3% on spin frequencies &LSIM; 1.25 kHz and companion masses M-c &LE; 0.106M(&ODOT;). By contrast, all five LMXBs known to emit coherent pulsations have intrinsic pulsed fractions in the range 3%-7% when pulsations are observed. Our searches therefore rule out even pulsations with significantly lower pulsed fractions than those already observed. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Dib, R (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. OI Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Ray, Paul/0000-0002-5297-5278 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1086/429814 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200029 ER PT J AU Winebarger, AR Warren, HP AF Winebarger, AR Warren, HP TI Cooling active region loops observed with SXT and TRACE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : UV radiation ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; TRANSITION-REGION; CORONAL-EXPLORER; CONSTRAINTS; MISSION; VIEW AB An impulsive heating multiple strand (IHMS) model is able to reproduce the observational characteristics of EUV (&SIM; 1MK) active region loops. This model implies that some of the loops must reach temperatures where X-ray filters are sensitive (> 2.5 MK) before they cool to EUV temperatures. Hence, some bright EUV loops must be preceded by bright X-ray loops. Previous analyses of X-ray and EUV active region observations, however, have concluded that EUV loops are not the result of cooling X-ray loops. In this paper, we examine two active regions observed in both X-ray and EUV filters and analyze the evolution of five loops over several hours. These loops first appear bright in the X-ray images and later appear bright in the EUV images. The delay between the appearance of the loops in the X-ray and EUV filters is as little as 1 hr and as much as 3 hr. All five loops appear as single "monolithic'' structures in the X-ray images but are resolved into many smaller structures in the (higher resolution) EUV images. The positions of the loops appear to shift during cooling, implying that the magnetic field is changing as the loops evolve. There is no correlation between the brightness of the loop in the X-ray and EUV filters, meaning that a bright X-ray loop does not necessarily cool to a bright EUV loop, and vice versa. The progression of the loops from X-ray images to EUV images and the observed substructure is qualitatively consistent with the IHMS model. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Winebarger, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM winebarger@nrl.navy.mil; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1086/429817 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CQ UT WOS:000229532200046 ER PT J AU LaRosa, TN Brogan, CL Shore, SN Lazio, TJ Kassim, NE Nord, ME AF LaRosa, TN Brogan, CL Shore, SN Lazio, TJ Kassim, NE Nord, ME TI Evidence of a weak galactic center magnetic field from diffuse low-frequency nonthermal radio emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; ISM : magnetic fields; radio continuum : ISM ID CENTER REGION; RAY EMISSION; FILAMENTS; PARALLEL; DENSITY; IMAGE; PLANE AB New low-frequency 74 and 330 MHz observations of the Galactic center ( GC) region reveal the presence of a large-scale (6&DEG; x 2&DEG;) diffuse source of nonthermal synchrotron emission. A minimum-energy analysis of this emission yields a total energy of &SIM;(φ(4/7) f(3/7)) x 10(52) ergs and a magnetic field strength of &SIM; μ G (where φ is the proton to electron energy ratio and f is the filling factor of the synchrotron emitting gas). The equipartition particle energy density is 1.2(φ/f)(2/7) eV cm(-3), a value consistent with cosmic-ray data. However, the derived magnetic field is several orders of magnitude below the 1 mG field commonly invoked for the GC. With this field the source can be maintained with the supernova rate inferred from the GC star formation. Furthermore, a strong magnetic field implies an abnormally low GC cosmic-ray energy density. We conclude that the mean magnetic field in the GC region must be weak, of order 10 mG ( at least on size scales &GE; 125(n)). C1 Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP LaRosa, TN (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, 1000 Chastain Rd, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. EM ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu; cbrogan@ifa.hawaii.edu; shore@df.unipi.it; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil; michael.nord@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 626 IS 1 BP L23 EP L27 DI 10.1086/431647 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 932CT UT WOS:000229532500006 ER PT J AU Dutt, MVG Cheng, J Li, B Xu, XD Li, XQ Berman, PR Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Economou, SE Liu, RB Sham, LJ AF Dutt, MVG Cheng, J Li, B Xu, XD Li, XQ Berman, PR Steel, DG Bracker, AS Gammon, D Economou, SE Liu, RB Sham, LJ TI Stimulated and spontaneous optical generation of electron spin coherence in charged GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; COMPUTATION; INTERFERENCE; ENTANGLEMENT; SPINTRONICS; INVERSION; RESONANCE; EXCITONS; SYSTEM; STATE AB We report on the coherent optical excitation of electron spin polarization in the ground state of charged GaAs quantum dots via an intermediate charged exciton (trion) state. Coherent optical fields are used for the creation and detection of the Raman spin coherence between the spin ground states of the charged quantum dot. The measured spin decoherence time, which is likely limited by the nature of the spin ensemble, approaches 10 ns at zero field. We also show that the Raman spin coherence in the quantum beats is caused not only by the usual stimulated Raman interaction but also by simultaneous spontaneous radiative decay of either excited trion state to a coherent combination of the two spin states. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dst@umich.edu RI xu, xiaodong/C-4316-2008; Dutt, Gurudev /B-2889-2009; Liu, Ren-Bao/B-3729-2011; OI Liu, Ren-Bao/0000-0002-0620-2370; Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 50 TC 191 Z9 191 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 227403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.227403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800071 PM 16090438 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Smith, GB AF Marmorino, GO Smith, GB TI Bright and dark ocean whitecaps observed in the infrared SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WAVES; EMISSIVITY; SURFACE; BUBBLES; FOAM AB Airborne infrared imagery of breaking ocean waves shows that whitecaps on actively breaking wave crests appear relatively bright while residual whitecaps appear dark compared to the ambient water surface. These differences in relative brightness, which appear to arise from changes in both emissivity and physical temperature, provide a means to investigate the evolution of a breaking wave and may be of some relevance to infrared and microwave remote sensing. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 AR L11604 DI 10.1029/2005GL023176 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 937YM UT WOS:000229963800009 ER PT J AU O'Neill, NT Thulasiraman, S Eck, TF Reid, JS AF O'Neill, NT Thulasiraman, S Eck, TF Reid, JS TI Robust optical features of fine mode size distributions: Application to the Quebec smoke event of 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOLS; SUN; NETWORK; BRAZIL; DEPTH AB [ 1] Simple relationships involving the fundamental parameters of fine mode aerosol optical depth (tau(f)), Angstrom exponent (alpha(f)) and its derivative (alpha(f)') as near-monotonic functions of the effective van de Hulst parameter (rho(eff, f) = 2 (2 pi r(eff, f)/lambda) \m - 1\) were derived for the conceptual case of a log-translatable particle size distribution (LTPSD). This notion is useful in the interpretation of real sunphotometer data; the fine mode size distribution often approximates a LTPSD while departures from this behavior become more readily understood once one understands the first order optics. The near dependency of the fine mode optical parameters on rho(eff, f) was also exploited to obtain an explicit expression for rho(eff, f) as a function of alpha(f) and alpha(f)'. The relationships were applied to a representative case study to demonstrate their general applicability and then to the specific case of the July 2002 Quebec smoke event. A number of illustrations were given where the coherency of the derived relations indicated that the LTPSD concept was often a good approximation to reality. The analysis of the Quebec-smoke extinction data showed the existence of a weak but systematic dependence of the Angstrom exponents on smoke trajectory time and by inference a steady growth in particle size with time. The variation of r(eff, f) ( derived from AERONET inversions) was however observed to be inconsistent with this dependence unless one redefined this parameter in terms of the clearly delineated peak of the asymmetric fine mode particle size distribution (PSD). This definition led to a re-computed temporal rate of increase in reff, f which was coherent with the variation of the Angstrom parameters and which was coherent with a simple coagulative model based on conservation of volume. It was demonstrated that trajectory time was essentially a proxy variable for r(eff, f) and more fundamentally rho(eff, f) ( as predicted by the LTPSD relations). A similar proxy argument could be applied to the dependence of the Angstrom exponent on optical depth but such arguments are tempered by the relative variations of fine-mode abundance (A(f)) and particle size (by the value of the parameter gamma = dlogA(f)/dlogr(eff, f)). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP O'Neill, NT (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. EM norm.oneill@usherbrooke.ca RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D11 AR D11207 DI 10.1029/2004JD005157 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937YT UT WOS:000229964900001 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Sapsford, KE Konnert, JH Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, IL Sapsford, KE Konnert, JH Chatterji, A Lin, TW Johnson, JE Mattoussi, H TI Decoration of discretely immobilized cowpea mosaic virus with luminescent quantum dots SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SUPRAMOLECULAR BUILDING-BLOCKS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; TAGGED PROTEINS; PARTICLES; BINDING; SURFACE; NANOTECHNOLOGY; ANTIBODIES AB This report describes two related methods for decorating cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) with luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs). Variants of CPMV are immobilized on a substrate functionalized with NeutrAvidin using modifications of biotin-avidin binding chemistry in combination with metal affinity coordination. For example, using CPMV mutants expressing available 6-histidine sequences inserted at loops on the viral coat protein, we show that these virus particles can be specifically immobilized on NeutrAvidin functionalized substrates in a controlled fashion via metal-affinity coordination. To accomplish this, a hetero-bifunctional biotin-NTA moiety, activated with nickel, is used as the linker for surface immobilization of CPW (bridging the CPM-Vs'histidines to the NeutrAvidin). Two linking chemistries are then employed to achieve CPW decoration with hydrophilic CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs; they target the histidine or lysine residues onthe exteriorvirus surface and utilize biotin-avidin interactions. In the first scheme, QDs are immobilized on the surface-tethered CPW via electrostatic attachment to avidin previously bound to the virus particle. In the second strategy, the lysine residues common to each viral surface asymmetric unit are chemically functionalized with biotin groups and the biotinylated CPMV is discretely immobilized onto the substrate via NeutrAvidin-biotin interactions. The biotin units on the upper exposed surface of the immobilized CPMV then serve as capture sites for QDs conjugated with a mixture of avidin and a second protein, maltose binding protein, which is also used for QD-protein conjugate purification. Characterization of the assembled CPMV and QD structures is presented, and the potential uses for protein-coated QDs functionalized onto this symmetrical virion nanoscaffold are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6900,Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; Hedimat@ces.nrl.navy.mil FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EBB00432-02] NR 44 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 12 BP 5501 EP 5510 DI 10.1021/la0468287 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 934OK UT WOS:000229717900041 PM 15924481 ER PT J AU Bhat, NDR Cordes, JM Chatterjee, S Lazio, TJW AF Bhat, NDR Cordes, JM Chatterjee, S Lazio, TJW TI Radio frequency interference identification and mitigation using simultaneous dual-station observations SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GIANT PULSES; PULSARS; SEARCHES AB [1] Radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation is a critically important issue in radio astronomy using existing instruments as well as in the development of next generation radio telescopes, such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA). Most designs for the SKA involve multiple stations with spacings of up to a few thousands of kilometers and thus can exploit the drastically different RFI environments at different stations. As demonstrator observations and analysis for SKA-like instruments, and to develop RFI mitigation schemes that will be useful in the near term, we recently conducted simultaneous observations with Arecibo Observatory and the Green Bank Telescope. The observations were aimed at diagnosing RFI and using the mostly uncorrelated RFI between the two sites to excise RFI from several generic kinds of measurements such as giant pulses from Crab-like pulsars and weak HI emission from galaxies in bands heavily contaminated by RFI. This paper presents observations, analysis, and RFI identification and excision procedures that are effective for both time series and spectroscopy applications using multistation data. C1 MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, NAIC, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bhat, NDR (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. EM rbhat@haystack.mit.edu RI Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 AR RS5S14 DI 10.1029/2004RS003172 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 937ZK UT WOS:000229967100002 ER PT J AU Morgan, DS Schwartz, IB AF Morgan, DS Schwartz, IB TI Dynamic coordinated control laws in multiple agent models SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE swarming; control; dynamics; emergent behavior ID COLLECTIVE MOTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS; FLOCKING; SWARMS; ORDER AB We present an active control scheme of a kinetic model of swarming. It has been shown previously that the global control scheme for the model, presented in [Systems Control Lett. 52 (2004) 25], gives rise to spontaneous collective organization of agents into a unified coherent swarm, via steering controls and utilizing long-range attractive and short-range repulsive interactions. We extend these results by presenting control laws whereby a single swarm is broken into independently functioning subswarm clusters. The transition between one coordinated swarm and multiple clustered subswarms is managed simply with a homotopy parameter. Additionally, we present as an alternate formulation, a local control law for the same model, which implements dynamic barrier avoidance behavior, and in which swarm coherence emerges spontaneously. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morgan, DS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Syst Dynam Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dmorgan@cantor.nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 340 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.03.074 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 933SN UT WOS:000229653300016 ER PT J AU Halthore, RN Crisp, D Schwartz, SE Anderson, GP Berk, A Bonnel, B Boucher, O Chang, FL Chou, MD Clothiaux, EE Dubuisson, P Fomin, B Fouquart, Y Freidenreich, S Gautier, C Kato, S Laszlo, I Li, Z Mather, JH Plana-Fattori, A Ramaswamy, V Ricchiazzi, P Shiren, Y Trishchenko, A Wiscombe, W AF Halthore, RN Crisp, D Schwartz, SE Anderson, GP Berk, A Bonnel, B Boucher, O Chang, FL Chou, MD Clothiaux, EE Dubuisson, P Fomin, B Fouquart, Y Freidenreich, S Gautier, C Kato, S Laszlo, I Li, Z Mather, JH Plana-Fattori, A Ramaswamy, V Ricchiazzi, P Shiren, Y Trishchenko, A Wiscombe, W TI Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer codes and measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; INHOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERES; CLOUD ABSORPTION; WATER-VAPOR; MODELS; SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE; APPROXIMATION; IRRADIANCE AB [1] Computation of components of shortwave ( SW) or solar irradiance in the surface-atmospheric system forms the basis of intercomparison between 16 radiative transfer models of varying spectral resolution ranging from line-by-line models to broadband and general circulation models. In order of increasing complexity the components are: direct solar irradiance at the surface, diffuse irradiance at the surface, diffuse upward flux at the surface, and diffuse upward flux at the top of the atmosphere. These components allow computation of the atmospheric absorptance. Four cases are considered from pure molecular atmospheres to atmospheres with aerosols and atmosphere with a simple uniform cloud. The molecular and aerosol cases allow comparison of aerosol forcing calculation among models. A cloud-free case with measured atmospheric and aerosol properties and measured shortwave radiation components provides an absolute basis for evaluating the models. For the aerosol-free and cloud-free dry atmospheres, models agree to within 1% ( root mean square deviation as a percentage of mean) in broadband direct solar irradiance at surface; the agreement is relatively poor at 5% for a humid atmosphere. A comparison of atmospheric absorptance, computed from components of SW radiation, shows that agreement among models is understandably much worse at 3% and 10% for dry and humid atmospheres, respectively. Inclusion of aerosols generally makes the agreement among models worse than when no aerosols are present, with some exceptions. Modeled diffuse surface irradiance is higher than measurements for all models for the same model inputs. Inclusion of an optically thick low-cloud in a tropical atmosphere, a stringent test for multiple scattering calculations, produces, in general, better agreement among models for a low solar zenith angle ( SZA = 30 degrees) than for a high SZA ( 75 degrees). All models show about a 30% increase in broadband absorptance for 30 degrees SZA relative to the clear-sky case and almost no enhancement in absorptance for a higher SZA of 75 degrees, possibly due to water vapor line saturation in the atmosphere above the cloud. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, ELICO, F-62930 Wimereux, France. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Atmosfer, Inst Astron & Geofis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11794 USA. Natl Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Halthore, RN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM halthore@nrl.navy.mil RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X NR 61 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D11 AR D11206 DI 10.1029/2004JD005293 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 936BY UT WOS:000229829400001 ER PT J AU Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Eidelman, N Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Eidelman, N Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Preparation of homogeneously dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube/polystyrene nanocomposites via melt extrusion using trialkyl imidazolium compatibilizer SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUID; NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES; SURFACTANT; FUNCTIONALIZATION; POLYSTYRENE; STRENGTH; FILMS; LOAD AB Well-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/polystyrene nanocomposites have been prepared via melt extrusion, using trialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate-compatibilized MWNTs. Quantification of the improvements realized via transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy image analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analysis show evidence for a pi-cation, nanotube-imidazolium interaction and the conversion from an interdigitated bilayer, for the imidazolium salt to an ordered lamellar structure, for the imidazolium on the surface of the MWNTs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ENSCL, PERF, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Lab ENSAIT GEMTEX, F-59056 Roubaix, France. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov OI Bourbigot, Serge/0000-0003-1536-2015 NR 38 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 5 U2 59 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 910 EP 916 DI 10.1002/adfm.200400441 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934KW UT WOS:000229708700003 ER PT J AU Lynch, DA Blake, WK Mueller, TJ AF Lynch, DA Blake, WK Mueller, TJ TI Turbulence correlation length-scale relationships for the prediction of aeroacoustic response SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/CEAS 8th Aeroacoustics Conference CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL Breckenridge, CO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, CEAS ID INFERRING PROPELLER INFLOW; GRID-GENERATED TURBULENCE; NEAR-FIELD RESPONSE; INGESTION NOISE; PART 1; WAKE; RADIATION; SPECTRA AB Expressions to describe the correlation length scales of turbulent inflow to an aerodynamic body are derived as functions of the classic integral length scale and anisotropy correction factors. These one-point parameters are significantly easier to determine experimentally than traditional correlation-scale measurement techniques, which involve multiple probes at multiple locations. As such correlation scales are necessary to properly estimate the aeroacoustic response of the body, such a technique could have substantial benefit in a wide variety of applications. The approach is applied to a recent experimental study examining the response of a stator downstream of a propeller that is itself ingesting broadband turbulence. Results suggest that the derived. expressions not only accurately represent correlation length scales, but also enable the accurate prediction of the acoustic output of the stator. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Lynch, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 7250, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1197 DI 10.2514/1.2200 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 930MN UT WOS:000229420200005 ER PT J AU Lynch, DA Blake, WK Mueller, TJ AF Lynch, DA Blake, WK Mueller, TJ TI Turbulent flow downstream of a propeller, Part 1: Wake turbulence SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRID-GENERATED TURBULENCE; NEAR-FIELD RESPONSE; INGESTION NOISE; RADIATION; AIRFOILS; INFLOW AB To examine the aeroacoustic response of the downstream blade row of a rotor/stator pair, the turbulent flowlield between the two components must be accurately represented. To that end, a recent experimental study sought to examine this complex flowfield, establishing a causal relationship between the flowfield influences, and their relative contributions to the total turbulence. Although these influences and their relative impact might depend on specific geometry, two will play a dominant role in almost every rotor/stator application: wake turbulence from the upstream blade row (the topic of Part 1) and turbulence ingested by the system and modified by the upstream blade row (the topic of Part 2). The extensive scope of decomposing these influences necessitates their discussion in seperate publications. Part 1 begins with an overview as to the relevence and utility of separating these influences, providing motivation for the study. The paper then examines the contribution of the broadband and tonal contributions associated with wake turbulence. A model is proposed that infers broadband turbulence levels from a single, appropriately chosen length scale. This length scale is determined through reconstruction of the temporal mean wake profile shape utilizing the tonal component of the ensemble-averaged, measured wake spectra. Results show that simple models can be used effectively to isolate the wake turbulence contribution, forwarding the concept of a globally applicable theory for use in modeling efforts involving similar flowfields. Part 2 examines turbulence ingested by the system and modified by the upstream upstream blade row. A theoretical model is adapted to predict the level of ingested turbulence suppression using easily quantified geometric arguments. With an appropriate choice of coordinate system, this model accurately predicts broadband suppression of ingested turbulence, showing that simple models can be used to isolate contributions and forwarding the concept of a globally applicable theory for extracting such information from other similar flowfields. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Lynch, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 7250, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1198 EP 1210 DI 10.2514/1.2435 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 930MN UT WOS:000229420200006 ER PT J AU Lynch, DA Blake, WK Mueller, TJ AF Lynch, DA Blake, WK Mueller, TJ TI Turbulent flow downstream of a propeller, Part 2: Ingested, propeller-modified turbulence SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NEAR-FIELD RESPONSE; RAPID DISTORTION; RADIATION; INFLOW; STREAM AB To examine the aeroacoustic response of the downstream blade row of a rotor/stator pair, the turbulent flowfield between the two components must be accurately represented. To that end, a recent 1 experimental study sought to examine this complex flowfield, establishing a causal relationship between the flowfield influences and their relative contributions to the total turbulence. Although these influences and their relative impact might depend on specific geometry, two will play a dominant role in almost every rotor/stator application: wake turbulence from the upstream blade row (the topic of Part 1) and turbulence ingested by the system and modified by. the upstream blade row (the topic of Part 2). The extensive scope of decomposing these influences necessitates their discussion in separate publications. Part 1 begins with an overview as to the relevence and utility of separating these influences, providing motivation for the study. The paper then examines the contribution of the broadband and tonal contributions associated with wake turbulence. A model is proposed that infers broadband turbulence levels from a single, appropriately chosen length scale. This length scale is determined through reconstruction of the temporal mean wake profile shape utilizing the tonal component of the ensemble-averaged, measured wake spectra. Results show that simple models can be used effectively to isolate the wake turbulence contribution, forwarding the concept of a globally applicable theory for use in modeling efforts involving similar flowfields. Part 2 (the topic of this paper) examines turbulence ingested by the system and modified by the upstream upstream blade row. A theoretical model is adapted to predict the level of ingested turbulence suppression using easily quantified geometric arguments. With an appropriate choice of coordinate system, this model accurately predicts broadband suppression of ingested turbulence, showing that simple models can be used to isolate contributions and forwarding the concept of a globally applicable theory for extracting such. information from other similar flowfields. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Lynch, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 7250, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1220 DI 10.2514/1.2439 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 930MN UT WOS:000229420200007 ER PT J AU Cheatham, S Kailasanath, K AF Cheatham, S Kailasanath, K TI Single-cycle performance of idealized liquid-fueled pulse detonation engines SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-TUBE; IGNITION AB Single-cycle performance estimates of an idealized liquid-fueled pulse detonation engine (PDE) are derived from numerical simulations of detonation of JP-10 fuel droplets in oxygen and in air. Results for a range of fuel droplet sizes, as well as results when some of the fuel is prevaporized, are discussed. For JP-10-O-2, calculations indicate that fuel-based specific impulse is comparable between different cases when the detonation is fully developed by the time it reaches the end of the detonation tube. Time-dependent thrust results, however, depend significantly on the initial form of the fuel. Degradation in total performance occurs when droplet sizes are so large that full transition to a self-propagating state cannot be reached by the end of the tube. For JP-10-air mixtures, results are similar, but stricter constraints on droplet size and prevaporization level for near-full performance exist. (Smaller droplet sizes and higher levels of prevaporization are required.) Introduction of some initial vapor fuel or heating of the detonation tube extends the droplet size limits at which near-full performance is obtained. More generally, results suggest that, for small enough droplets and/or with sufficient prevaporization of the fuel, liquid-fueled PDEs will provide comparably efficient single-cycle propulsive performance to gaseous fueled PDE devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1276 EP 1283 DI 10.2514/1.11799 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 930MN UT WOS:000229420200013 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI The war within the union high command: Politics and generalship during the Civil War. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 796 EP 797 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 938HD UT WOS:000229989600056 ER PT J AU Yu, MC AF Yu, MC TI The shadow war against Hitler: The covert operations of America's wartime secret intelligence service. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Yu, MC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 817 EP 818 DI 10.1086/ahr.110.3.817 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 938HD UT WOS:000229989600079 ER PT J AU Klauser, CK Christensen, EE Chauhan, SP Bufkin, L Magann, EF Bofill, JA Morrison, JC AF Klauser, CK Christensen, EE Chauhan, SP Bufkin, L Magann, EF Bofill, JA Morrison, JC TI Use of fetal pulse oximetry among high-risk women in labor: A randomized clinical trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Meeting of the Central-Association-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 13-16, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE fetal pulse oximetry; cesarean delivery ID ARTERIAL OXYGEN-SATURATION; MULTICENTER; BLOOD; ACIDOSIS; PH AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical role of fetal pulse oximetry to reduce cesarean delivery for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing. Study design: Singletons 28 weeks were randomized to fetal pulse oximetry plus electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (monitoring +fetal pulse oximetry) or monitoring alone. Results: Overall, 360 women in labor were recruited: 150 cases with monitoring+ fetal pulse oximetry and 177 cases with monitoring alone were analyzed. Most demographic, obstetric, and neonatal characteristics were similar. Specifically, the gestational age, cervical dilation, and station of the fetal head were not differential factors. In addition, cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing was not different between the group with monitoring+ fetal pulse oximetry (29%) and the group with monitoring alone (32%; relative risk, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.75, 1.22). Likewise, cesarean delivery for arrest disorder was similar between the group with monitoring+ fetal pulse oximetry (22%) and the group with monitoring alone (23%; relative risk, 1.05; 95% Ci, 0.79, 1.44). However, the decision-to-incision time was shorter for the group with monitoring+ fetal pulse oximetry (17.8 +/- 8.2 min) than for the group with monitoring alone (27.7 +/- 13.9 min; P < .0001). Conclusion: The use of fetal pulse oximetry with electronic fetal heart rate monitoring does not decrease the rate of cesarean delivery, although it does alter the decision-to-incision time. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Ctr Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Spartanburg Reg Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Spartanburg, SC USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Klauser, CK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Ctr Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. OI Klauser, Chad/0000-0002-1320-7575 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 192 IS 6 BP 1810 EP 1817 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.047 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 938XV UT WOS:000230037600011 PM 15970816 ER PT J AU Thigpen, BD Hood, WA Chauhan, S Bufkin, L Bofill, J Magann, E Morrison, JC AF Thigpen, BD Hood, WA Chauhan, S Bufkin, L Bofill, J Magann, E Morrison, JC TI Timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration in the uninfected laboring gravida: A randomized clinical trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Meeting of the Central-Association-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 13-16, 2004 CL Washington, DC DE prophylactic antibiotic; cesarean section; maternal/neonatal infection ID CESAREAN-SECTION; RISK-FACTORS; MORBIDITY; DELIVERY AB Objective: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether the timing of prophylactic antibiotics at cesarean delivery influences maternal/neonatal infectious morbidity. Study design: In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial, cefazolin was given at skin incision (group A) or at cord clamping (group B). Patients were eligible for the trial if they had labored and required a cesarean delivery. Results: Over a 30-month period 303 patients with singleton pregnancies entered the trial; 153-group A, 149-group B. Demographics, indication for cesarean delivery (P = .54), and operative time (P = .999), as well as rates of endometritis (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.42-1.07), wound infection (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.45-1.55), neonatal sepis (RR 1.28, 95% Cl 0.91-1.79), and NICU admissions (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.91-1.79) were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion: There was no difference in maternal infectious morbidity whether antibiotics were given before skin incision or at cord clamping. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Ctr Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Spartanburg Reg Med Ctr, Spartanburg, SC USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Thigpen, BD (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Ctr Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 192 IS 6 BP 1864 EP 1868 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.063 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 938XV UT WOS:000230037600025 PM 15970833 ER PT J AU Beckett, CG Kosasih, H Faisal, I Nurhayati Tan, R Widjaja, S Listiyaningsih, E Ma'Roef, C Wuryadi, S Bangs, MJ Samsi, TK Yuwono, D Hayes, CG Porter, KR AF Beckett, CG Kosasih, H Faisal, I Nurhayati Tan, R Widjaja, S Listiyaningsih, E Ma'Roef, C Wuryadi, S Bangs, MJ Samsi, TK Yuwono, D Hayes, CG Porter, KR TI Early detection of dengue infections using cluster sampling around index cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DISEASE AB A two-year Study using a cluster investigation method was conducted in West Jakarta, Indonesia to demonstrate the detection of dengue cases prior to onset of clinical illness. The clusters consisted of family members and neighbors of 53 hospitalized dengue index cases. Among 785 adult and child volunteers enrolled, 17 (2.2%) post-enrollment dengue (PED) infections were identified. Eight PED cases were asymptomatic and nine were symptomatic. Symptomatic cases included eight with dengue fever and one with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) (grade II). Among the eight asymptomatic PED cases, viremia was detected in two. Eleven volunteers had acute dengue infections at the time of enrollment. Four of the 11 developed DHF, resulting in a total of five DHF cases detected during the investigation. This study design can serve as a benchmark for future investigations that seek to define early immunologic events following dengue infections that contribute to the development of DHF. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Publ Dept, Viral Dis Program, Jakarta, Indonesia. Sumber Waras Hosp, Dept Pediat, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Beckett, CG (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Publ Dept, Viral Dis Program, 2 P2M-PLP-LITBANGKES,Jl Percetakan Negara 29, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM beekettc@nmrc.navy.mil; viro@namru2.org; porterk@nmrc.navy.mil RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 BP 777 EP 782 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 936XA UT WOS:000229887600021 PM 15967759 ER PT J AU Wardlaw, WP AF Wardlaw, WP TI Solutions - Adjoint over the smallest field SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Wardlaw, WP (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD JUN-JUL PY 2005 VL 112 IS 6 BP 568 EP 569 PG 2 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 983RL UT WOS:000233249700010 ER PT J AU Richardson, WH Tanen, DA Tong, TC Betten, DP Carstairs, SD Williams, SR Cantrell, FL Clark, RF AF Richardson, WH Tanen, DA Tong, TC Betten, DP Carstairs, SD Williams, SR Cantrell, FL Clark, RF TI Crotalidae polyvalent immune fab (Ovine) antivenom is effective in the neutralization of South American Viperidae venoms in a murine model SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Academic-Emergency-Medicine CY MAY 17, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Acad Emergency Med ID EXPOSURE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; SNAKE-VENOMS; ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION; COSTA-RICA; IMMUNOGENICITY; ENVENOMATION; RATTLESNAKES; ASSOCIATION AB Study objective: Crotalidae polyvalent. immune Fab (ovine) (CroFab; FabAV) is used in the treatment of symptomatic crotaline envenomations in North America. Unlike Antivenin (Crotalidae) Polyvalent, which is approved for treatment of crotaline envenomation in North and South America, FabAV is manufactured using only venoms from crotaline snakes native to the United States. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of FabAV in the neutralization of venom from 2 South American crotaline snakes: Crotalus durissus terrificus (tropical rattlesnake) and Bothrops atrox (fer-de-lance). Methods: A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled murine model of intraperitoneal venom injection was used. Venom potency was determined in preliminary median lethal dose (LD,50) dosing studies. Study animals were then divided into 7 groups: (1) C durissus terrificus venom (Sigma-Aldrich Co.)+FabAV, (2) C durissus terrificus venom (Sigma-Aldrich Co.)+0.9% normal saline solution, (3) C durissus terrificus venom (Biotoxins Inc.)+FabAV, (4) C durissus terrificus venom (Biotoxins Inc.)+normal saline solution, (5) B atroxvenom+FabAV, (6) B atrox venom+normal saline solution, and (7) FabAV+normal saline solution. Twice the estimated LD50 was the chosen venom dose, and the amount of FabAV injected was 10 times the amount needed for venom neutralization. Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test and log-rank testing to compare survival rates and times. Results: The venom LD,50 was found in preliminary studies to be 0.9 mg/kg and 1.35 mg/kg for the C durissus terrificus venom obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. and Biotoxins Inc., respectively. The LD50 for B atrox venom was 5.0 mg/kg. All animals receiving venom only and saline solution died. Animals receiving FabAV together with either venom survived to the end of the 24-hour observation period (P <.001). Comparison of survival times between groups demonstrated a significant difference in time to death between venom-only control groups and the FabAV+venom groups (P <.001). All animals in the FabAV+normal saline solution group survived to the conclusion of the study. Conclusion: FabAV, when premixed with venom, decreases lethality in a murine model of intraperitoneal venom injection of the South American pit vipers, C durissus terrificus and B atrox. C1 Palmetto Richland Mem Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Palmetto Poison Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Div Med Toxicol, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Calif Poison Control Syst, San Diego Div, San Diego, CA USA. RP Richardson, WH (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Coll Pharm, Palmetto Poison Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM whrichardson@sc.rr.com OI Carstairs, Shaun/0000-0003-4558-9704 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 595 EP 602 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.08.038 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 931AL UT WOS:000229458100006 PM 15940091 ER PT J AU Schofer, JM Lee, J AF Schofer, JM Lee, J TI Abdominal pregnancy (Retracted Article) SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Ctr Med, Emergency Dept, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Med Hosp, Emergency Dept, San Diego, CA USA. RP Schofer, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Emergency Dept, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 676 EP + DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.036 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 931AL UT WOS:000229458100021 PM 16482658 ER PT J AU Nirdnoy, W Mason, CJ Guerry, P AF Nirdnoy, W Mason, CJ Guerry, P TI Mosaic structure of a multiple-drug-resistant, conjugative plasmid from Campylobacter jejuni SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; INSERTION SPECIFICITY; KANAMYCIN RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOME SEQUENCE; COLI; ORGANIZATION; PATHOGEN; GENES AB Partial sequence analysis of a tet(O) plasmid from a multiple-drug-resistant clinical isolate of Campylobacter jejuni revealed 10 genes or pseudogenes encoding different aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes, transposase-like genes, and multiple unknown genes from a variety of pathogenic and commensal bacteria. The plasmid could be mobilized by a P incompatibility group plasmid into Escherichia coli, where it apparently integrated into the chromosome and expressed high-level resistance to multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics. This work provides new information about both the nature of drug resistance in C.jejuni and the ability of C.jejuni to exchange genes with other bacterial species. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Enter Dis, AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM guerryp@nmrc.navy.mil RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011; OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2454 EP 2459 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.6.2454-2459.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 931YO UT WOS:000229521600039 PM 15917546 ER PT J AU Putnam, SD Sanders, JW Tribble, DR Rockabrand, DR Riddle, MS Rozmajzl, PJ Frenck, RW AF Putnam, SD Sanders, JW Tribble, DR Rockabrand, DR Riddle, MS Rozmajzl, PJ Frenck, RW TI Posttreatment changes in Escherichia coli antimicrobial susceptibility rates among diarrheic patients treated with ciprofloxacin SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; FLUOROQUINOLONE USE; BIOFILM RESISTANCE; EMERGENCE; INFECTIONS; THAILAND; IMPACT; FLORA AB Changes in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli among deployed U.S. military personnel being treated for diarrhea were evaluated. Stool samples were collected pretreatment and on days 7, 14, and 28 posttreatment. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was noted in 13.3% of baseline specimens, and rates of resistance against multiple antibiotics increased dramatically from baseline to day 7 and then tapered off to return to pretreatment levels by day 28, except for ciprofloxacin, suggesting that population accumulative usage of fluoroquinolones may result in an incremental increase in resistance rates. C1 Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. RP Putnam, SD (reprint author), US Embassy Jakarta, NAMRU2 Box 8132, FPO, AP 96520 USA. EM Putnam@namru2.org RI Riddle, Mark/A-8029-2011 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2571 EP 2572 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.6.2571-2572.2005 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 931YO UT WOS:000229521600070 PM 15917577 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM O'Malley, SM Antonacci, C Belmont, R McGill, RA Crimi, C AF Bubb, DM O'Malley, SM Antonacci, C Belmont, R McGill, RA Crimi, C TI Observation of persistent photoconductivity in conducting polyaniline thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POLYMER; SPECTROSCOPY; YBA2CU3O6+X; STATES AB Conducting polyaniline thin films have been deposited by a laser-based vaporization technique. The films have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, four-point conductivity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and fluorescence measurements. In addition, the films have been characterized with respect to their photoconductive response to 532-nm laser light. It is found that the films exhibit persistent photoconductivity and it is proposed that defect base sequences may be responsible for the charge localization that results in such a photoconductive response. C1 Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Biol, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM bubbdani@shu.edu NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-3061-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 921VR UT WOS:000228794000020 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power optimization of an irreversible closed intercooled regenerated brayton cycle coupled to variable-temperature heat reservoirs SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE thermodynamic optimization; finite-time thermodynamics; Brayton cycle; intercooled; regenerated; finite thermal capacity rate; power optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; CARNOT ENGINE; MAXIMUM POWER; EFFICIENCY; PLANT AB In this paper, power is optimized for an irreversible closed intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle coupled to variable-temperature heat reservoirs in the viewpoint of the theory of thermodynamic optimization (or finite-time thermodynamics (FTT), or endoreversible thermodynamics, or entropy generation minimization (EGM)) by searching the optimum intercooling pressure ratio and the optimum heat conductance distributions among the four heat exchangers (the hot-and cold-side heat exchangers, the intercooler and the regenerator) for fixed total heat exchanger inventory. When the optimization is performed with respect to the total pressure ratio of the cycle, the maximum power is maximized twice and the double-maximum power is obtained. Further, as the optimization is performed with respect to the thermal capacitance rate matching between the working fluid and the heat reservoir, the double-maximum power is maximized again and a thrice-maximum power is obtained. In the analysis, the heat resistance losses in the four heat exchangers, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressors and the turbine, the pressure drop loss in the piping, and the effects of finite thermal capacity rate of the three heat reservoirs are taken into account. The effects of the heat reservoir inlet temperature ratio, the total heat exchanger inventory and some other cycle parameters on the cycle optimum performance are analyzed by a numerical example. The optimum results are compared with those reported in recent reference for the conceptual design of a closed-cycle intercooled regenerated gas turbine nuclear power plant for marine ship propulsion. The numerical example shows that the method herein is valid and effective. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 47 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 8-9 BP 1097 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.08.013 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 904MV UT WOS:000227503300001 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK AF Sekiya, JK TI Arthroscopic labral repair and capsular shift of the glenohurneral joint: Technical pearls for a multiple pleated plication through a single working portal SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE shoulder instability; dislocation; capsular shift; bankart; capsular plication; arthroscopy ID POSTERIOR SHOULDER INSTABILITY; 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY; ANTERIOR STABILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; ANCHOR AB The arthroscopic treatment of shoulder instability is becoming increasingly popular with recent clinical studies showing similar success rates comparable to open procedures. These improved success rates are likely due to a better understanding of the pathoanatomy of shoulder instability and addressing all injured structures including labral tears and capsular injury and stretching. I present a new arthroscopic technique for shoulder stabilization that makes use of already known techniques by sequentially repairing the labral tear and performing a capsular shift through multiple, separate pleated plications through a single working portal. This technique allows for an anatomic labral repair with a capsular shift as large as desired by performing as many additional tucks of capsule for plication as needed, comparable to open techniques with less surrounding tissue trauma. This technique is actually easier than more traditional arthroscopic methods, and the multiple pleats may provide a load-sharing effect dispersed through each pleat, which may decrease the risk of load failure. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg,Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Orthopaed Surg,Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jsekiya@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 766 EP U97 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 936LI UT WOS:000229857100028 PM 15944644 ER PT J AU Collinge, MJ Strauss, MA Hall, PB Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Schlegel, DJ Zakamska, NL Anderson, SF Harris, HC Richards, GT Schneider, DP Voges, W York, DG Margon, B Brinkmann, J AF Collinge, MJ Strauss, MA Hall, PB Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Schlegel, DJ Zakamska, NL Anderson, SF Harris, HC Richards, GT Schneider, DP Voges, W York, DG Margon, B Brinkmann, J TI Optically identified BL Lacertae objects from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; galaxies : active; quasars : general ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; PROPER-MOTION CATALOG; EARLY DATA RELEASE; WHITE-DWARF STARS; 1ST DATA RELEASE; ROSAT ALL-SKY; USNO-B; RADIO PROPERTIES AB We present a sample of 386 BL Lacertae candidates identified from 2860 deg(2) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic database. The candidates are primarily selected to have quasi-featureless optical spectra and low proper motions as measured from SDSS and USNO-B positions; however, our ability to separate Galactic from extragalactic quasi-featureless objects (QFOs) on the basis of proper motion alone is limited by the lack of reliable proper motion measurements for faint objects. Fortunately, high proper motion QFOs, mostly DC white dwarfs, populate a well-defined region of color space, approximately corresponding to blackbodies with temperatures in the range 7000 - 12,000 K. QFOs with measurable redshifts or X-ray or radio counterparts (i.e., evidence of an extragalactic/ active galactic nucleus nature) loosely follow a track in color space that corresponds to power-law continua plus host galaxy starlight, with typical power-law slopes in the range 1< alpha(opt) < 2 (f(nu) proportional to nu(-alpha)). Based largely on this remarkably clean color separation, we subdivide the sample into 240 probable candidates and 146 additional less probable ( likely stellar) candidates. The probable BL Lac candidates have multiwavelength properties consistent with the range of previously known BL Lac objects, with an apparent preponderance of objects with synchrotron peaks at relatively high energies (HBL/XBL type). The majority of the 154 objects with measurable redshifts have z < 1, with a median of 0.45; there are also a handful of high-redshift objects extending up to z = 5.03. We identify a small number of potential radio-quiet BL Lac candidates, although more sensitive radio observations are needed to confirm their radio-quiet nature. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM collinge@astro.princeton.edu; strauss@astro.princeton.edu; phall@yorku.ca; ivezic@astro.washington.edu; jam@nofs.navy.mil; schlegel@astro.princeton.edu; nadia@astro.princeton.edu; anderson@astro.washington.edu; hch@nofs.navy.mil; gtr@astro.princeton.edu; dps@astro.psu.edu; whv@xray.mpe.mpg.de; don@oddjob.uchicago.edu; margon@stsci.edu; brinkmann@nmsu.edu RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Brinkmann, Jonathan/H-2779-2014 OI Brinkmann, Jonathan/0000-0001-6128-659X NR 69 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 2542 EP 2561 DI 10.1086/430216 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 931FY UT WOS:000229472400003 ER PT J AU Blanton, MR Schlegel, DJ Strauss, MA Brinkmann, J Finkbeiner, D Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Munn, JA Schneider, DP Tegmark, M Zehavi, I AF Blanton, MR Schlegel, DJ Strauss, MA Brinkmann, J Finkbeiner, D Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Munn, JA Schneider, DP Tegmark, M Zehavi, I TI New york university value-added galaxy catalog: A galaxy catalog based on new public surveys SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DATA RELEASE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; REDSHIFT SURVEY; POWER SPECTRUM; SAMPLE; COLOR; DENSITY; SYSTEM AB Here we present the New York University Value-Added Galaxy Catalog (NYU-VAGC), a catalog of local galaxies ( mostly below z approximate to 0.3) based on a set of publicly released surveys matched to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 2. The photometric catalog consists of 693,319 galaxies, QSOs, and stars; 343,568 of these have redshift determinations, mostly from the SDSS. Excluding areas masked by bright stars, the photometric sample covers 3514 deg(2\), and the spectroscopic sample covers 2627 deg(2) ( with about 85% completeness). Earlier, proprietary versions of this catalog have formed the basis of many SDSS investigations of the power spectrum, correlation function, and luminosity function of galaxies. Future releases will follow future public releases of the SDSS. The catalog includes matches to the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog and Extended Source Catalog, the IRAS Point Source Catalog Redshift Survey, the Two-Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey, the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies, and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm survey. We calculate and compile derived quantities from the images and spectra of the galaxies in the catalogs ( for example, K-corrections and structural parameters for the galaxies). The SDSS catalog presented here is photometrically calibrated in a more consistent way than that distributed by the SDSS Data Release 2 Archive Servers and is thus more appropriate for large-scale structure statistics, reducing systematic calibration errors across the sky from similar to 2% to similar to 1%. We include an explicit description of the geometry of the catalog, including all imaging and targeting information as a function of sky position. Finally, we have performed eyeball quality checks on a large number of objects in the catalog in order to flag errors ( such as errors in deblending). This catalog is complementary to the SDSS Archive Servers in that NYU-VAGC's calibration, geometric description, and conveniently small size are specifically designed for studying galaxy properties and large-scale structure statistics using the SDSS spectroscopic catalog. C1 NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Blanton, MR (reprint author), NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. OI Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 46 TC 665 Z9 673 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 2562 EP 2578 DI 10.1086/429803 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 931FY UT WOS:000229472400004 ER PT J AU Hilton, JL AF Hilton, JL TI Improving the visual magnitudes of the planets in The Astronomical Almanac. I. Mercury and Venus SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites : individual (Mercury, Venus) ID MULTICOLOR PHOTOELECTRIC PHOTOMETRY; BRIGHTER PLANETS AB Estimates for the apparent V magnitudes of the planets currently published in The Astronomical Almanac are based on phase coefficients, Delta m( i), presented by Harris along with values for V( 1,0) from de Vaucouleurs. Work is currently underway to update these values. The apparent V magnitudes of Mercury and Venus are examined here. This analysis provides new values for V( 1,0) and Delta m( i) derived from a variety of V photometric data sets for both Mercury and Venus. New data show that the previous value of V( 1,0) for Venus was approximately 0.10 mag too faint, because the small aperture used with photoelectric tubes not did not capture all of the light from Venus' relatively large disk. The Venus photometry also shows an abrupt and distinct "tail'' beginning at a phase angle of about 160 degrees; that is, the curve abruptly changes direction somewhere between a phase angle of 160 degrees and 165 degrees and begins ascending. Circumstantial evidence suggests that this tail is caused by sunlight forward scattered through Venus' atmosphere. The rms scatter in the calculated magnitudes was found to be 0.10 mag for Mercury and 0.07 mag for Venus. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hilton, JL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM jhilton@aa.usno.navy.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 2902 EP 2906 DI 10.1086/430212 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 931FY UT WOS:000229472400033 ER PT J AU Hunt, LK Dyer, KK Thuan, TX AF Hunt, LK Dyer, KK Thuan, TX TI The radio continuum of the extremely metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxy IZw18 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : star clusters; radio continuum : galaxies radio; continuum : ISM; ISM : supernova remnants ID WOLF-RAYET GALAXIES; I ZW 18; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; NEARBY GALAXIES; MASSIVE STARS; YOUNG GALAXY; HII-REGIONS; I-ZW-18; STARBURSTS; SBS-0335-052 AB We present 1.4, 4.8 and 8.4 GHz Very Large Array observations of the lowest metallicity blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy known, IZw 18, with a heavy element abundance of similar to 2% that of the Sun. The 1.4 and 4.8 GHz images reveal a halo of mostly non-thermal extended emission, with asymmetric lobes extending laterally in the east-west direction. We interpret the radio halo as produced by a superbubble carved out in the interstellar medium (ISM) by supernovae, with a bipolar outflow oriented along the galaxy's rotation axis. The overall spectral index is -0.39 from 1.4 Ghz to 4.8 Ghz and -0.13 from 4.8 to 8.4 GHz. The radio luminosity of IZw 18 has a thermal to total emission fraction of 0.30 at 1.4 GHz. This fraction increases to 0.41 at 4.8 GHz and to 0.47 at 8.4 GHz. The thermal radio luminosity gives a total of 1200 O7 V stars and a star formation rate of 0.1 M-circle dot yr(-1). Unlike the BCD SBS 0335-052 which has a similar metallicity and forms stars with a high rate in regions which are dense and compact, IZw 18 makes stars at a smaller rate in complexes which are difuse and extended. Star formation in BCDs thus appears to occur in a bimodal fashion, independently of the metallicity of the interstellar medium. C1 INAF, Ist Radioastron, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Hunt, LK (reprint author), INAF, Ist Radioastron, Sez Firenze, Largo Enrico Fermi,5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM hunt@arcetri.astro.it; Kristy.Dyer@nrl.navy.mil; txt@virginia.edu OI Hunt, Leslie/0000-0001-9162-2371 NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 436 IS 3 BP 837 EP 844 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20052915 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 933XX UT WOS:000229667300010 ER PT J AU Ugarte-Urra, I Doyle, JG Del Zanna, G AF Ugarte-Urra, I Doyle, JG Del Zanna, G TI Electron densities in EUV coronal bright points SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : fundamental parameters ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; QUIET-SUN; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; ACTIVE-REGION; FE-XII; CDS; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; FEATURES AB Electron density measurements of six coronal bright points have been obtained using line ratio diagnostics of four ions in the temperature range 1.3-2.0 x 106 K. The results suggest that BP plasma has more similarities to active region plasma than to quiet Sun plasma. Nevertheless, they do not show the exact same behaviour: the increase of electron density at temperatures over log T-e &SIM; 6.2, observed in the core of active regions, has not been detected. The Fe XII results based on new atomic data, although in better agreement decreasing more than a factor of two the densities obtained with older calculations, are still in some instances higher than those from Si X. This could be a consequence of the inhomogeneity of the plasma in the observed volume. New measurements with a better constriction of the volumetric properties seem necessary to rule out the influence of other factors and confirm whether there is an inconsistency between the ions, perhaps due to line blending problems in the Fe XII lines. C1 Armagh Observ, Coll Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Ugarte-Urra, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM iugarte@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/B-1241-2009; OI Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio/0000-0001-5503-0491 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 435 IS 3 BP 1169 EP 1172 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20052795 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 926GU UT WOS:000229112100035 ER PT J AU Clarke, TE Sarazin, CL Blanton, EL Neumann, DM Kassim, NE AF Clarke, TE Sarazin, CL Blanton, EL Neumann, DM Kassim, NE TI Low-frequency radio observations of X-ray ghost bubbles in A2597: A history of radio activity in the core SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (A2597) intergalactic medium; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID FLOW CLUSTER ABELL-2052; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; PERSEUS CLUSTER; GALAXIES; EMISSION; CAVITIES; PLASMA; GAS AB A previous analysis of the Chandra X-ray image of the center of the cooling core cluster A2597 showed two "ghost holes'' in the X-ray emission to the west and northeast of the central radio galaxy PKS 2322 - 123. Previous radio observations did not detect any radio emission coming from the interior of the X- ray holes. We present new low-frequency radio observations of A2597. At 330 MHz, radio emission extends into the interior of the western ghost bubble, but not the northeast one. Our reanalysis of the archival Chandra data shows evidence for an X- ray tunnel ( elongated region of reduced X- ray emission) extending from near the center of the cD galaxy out to the west ghost bubble. We also detect a smaller X- ray hole to the northeast of the center of the cD and closer than the outer ghost bubbles. Radio observations at 1.3 GHz show extensions to the west along the X- ray tunnel toward the west ghost bubble, to the northeast into the new X- ray hole, and to the northwest. All of these structures are much larger than the two inner radio lobes seen previously at 8 GHz. The X- ray tunnel suggests that the west ghost bubble is part of a continuous flow of radio plasma out from the active galactic nucleus, rather than a detached buoyant old radio lobe, and thus it may be an intermediate case between an active radio galaxy and a buoyant lobe. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Clarke, TE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 3818, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RI Blanton, Elizabeth/H-4501-2014 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 2 BP 748 EP 753 DI 10.1086/429717 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SJ UT WOS:000229436900016 ER PT J AU Boboltz, DA Diamond, PJ AF Boboltz, DA Diamond, PJ TI Axial symmetry and rotation in the SiO maser shell of IK Tauri SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; radio lines : stars; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual (IK Tauri) ID LATE-TYPE STARS; GIANT BRANCH STARS; DUST SHELLS; AGB STARS; WATER MASERS; COOL STARS; R-AQUARII; ENVELOPE; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; POSITIONS AB We observed v = 1, J = 1-043 GHz SiO maser emission toward the Mira variable IK Tauri ( IK Tau) using the Very Long Baseline Array ( VLBA). The images resulting from these observations show that SiO masers form a highly elliptical ring of emission approximately 58; 32 mas with an axial ratio of 1.8:1. The major axis of this elliptical distribution is oriented at a position angle of similar to 59 degrees. The line-of-sight velocity structure of the SiO masers has an apparent axis of symmetry consistent with the elongation axis of the maser distribution. Relative to the assumed stellar velocity of 35 km s(-1), the blue- and redshifted masers were found to lie to the northwest and southeast of this symmetry axis, respectively. This velocity structure suggests a northwest-southeast (NW-SE) rotation of the SiO maser shell with an equatorial velocity, which we determine to be -3.6 km s(-1). Such a NW-SE rotation is in agreement with a circumstellar envelope geometry invoked to explain previous H2O and OH maser observations. In this geometry, H2O and OH masers are preferentially created in a region of enhanced density along the NE-SW equator orthogonal to the rotation/polar axis suggested by the SiO maser velocities. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; pdiamond@jb.man.ac.uk NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 2 BP 978 EP 984 DI 10.1086/429656 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SJ UT WOS:000229436900037 ER PT J AU Auchere, F Cook, JW Newmark, JS McMullin, DR von Steiger, R Witte, M AF Auchere, F Cook, JW Newmark, JS McMullin, DR von Steiger, R Witte, M TI The heliospheric HeII 30.4 nm solar flux during cycle 23 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : activity; sun : UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; EMISSION-LINES; SUN; EIT; SPECTROMETER; ANISOTROPY; INTENSITY; SERTS AB Because of the orbit characteristics of the vast majority of spacecraft, the solar flux has predominantly been measured at Earth or at least in the plane of the ecliptic. Therefore, the existing data do not directly demonstrate the fact that the latitudinal distribution of the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) solar flux is largely anisotropic. Indeed, in the EUV the nonuniform distribution of very contrasted bright features (i.e., active regions) and dark features (i.e., coronal holes) at the surface of the Sun produces both the obvious rotational (or longitudinal) modulation of the flux and also a strong latitudinal anisotropy. Although largely ignored up to now, the latitudinal anisotropy affects the physical conditions in the corona and heliosphere and should therefore be taken into account in several solar and heliospheric physics applications. We describe in this paper a technique for computing the He II 30.4 nm flux at an arbitrary position in the heliosphere from Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO) EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) images. This procedure was used to produce daily all-sky maps of the 30.4 nm flux from 1996 January to 2003 August, covering the first 8 yr of solar cycle 23. As could be expected from the examination of the EIT images, the 30.4 nm flux was found to be strongly anisotropic. The anisotropy I-pol/I-eq between the fluxes computed for viewpoints located above the solar poles and within the solar equatorial plane ranges from 0.9 at solar minimum to 0.6 at solar maximum. A 20% difference was also discovered between the north and south polar fluxes. The generalization of this technique to other lines of the EUV and far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectrum is discussed. C1 Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. Int Space Sci Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Batiment 121, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM frederic.auchere@ias.u-psud.fr RI Von Steiger, Rudolf/F-6822-2011; OI Von Steiger, Rudolf/0000-0002-3350-0023; Auchere, Frederic/0000-0003-0972-7022 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 625 IS 2 BP 1036 EP 1044 DI 10.1086/429869 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 930SJ UT WOS:000229436900043 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Hwang, U AF Laming, JM Hwang, U TI How did Cassiopeia A explode? A Chandra VLP SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE supernova remnants; element abundances ID INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; COLLAPSE; SHOCKS AB The Cassiopeia A supernova remnant will be observed by Chandra for 1 Ms this spring. We discuss our motivations and plans for acquiring and analyzing these data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM laming@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3909-1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700006 ER PT J AU Laming, JM AF Laming, JM TI Lower hybrid wave electron heating in the fast solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY MAR 10-13, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ DE solar wind; ionization balance; electron heating ID CASSIOPEIA-A; ACCELERATED ELECTRONS AB We discuss electron-ion equilibration by lower hybrid waves in the fast solar wind, and its observed effects upon element charge state distributions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlaming@ssds.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1007/s10509-005-3977-2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 934MK UT WOS:000229712700059 ER PT J AU Russell, P Livingston, J Schmid, B Eilers, J Kolyer, R Redemann, J Ramirez, S Yee, JH Swartz, W Shetter, R Trepte, C Risley, A Wenny, B Zawodny, J Chu, W Pitts, M Lumpe, J Fromm, M Randall, C Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R AF Russell, P Livingston, J Schmid, B Eilers, J Kolyer, R Redemann, J Ramirez, S Yee, JH Swartz, W Shetter, R Trepte, C Risley, A Wenny, B Zawodny, J Chu, W Pitts, M Lumpe, J Fromm, M Randall, C Hoppel, K Bevilacqua, R TI Aerosol optical depth measurements by airborne sun photometer in SOLVE II: Comparisons to SAGE III, POAM III and airborne spectrometer measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMNAR WATER-VAPOR; DISTRIBUTIONS; OZONE AB The 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) measured solar-beam transmission on the NASA DC-8 during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II). This paper presents AATS-14 results for multiwavelength aerosol optical depth (AOD), including comparisons to results from two satellite sensors and another DC-8 instrument, namely the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III ( SAGE III), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM III) and the Direct-beam Irradiance Airborne Spectrometer (DIAS). AATS-14 provides aerosol results at 13 wavelengths lambda spanning the range of SAGE III and POAM III aerosol wavelengths. Because most AATS measurements were made at solar zenith angles (SZA) near 90 degrees, retrieved AODs are strongly affected by uncertainties in the relative optical airmass of the aerosols and other constituents along the line of sight (LOS) between instrument and sun. To reduce dependence of the AATS-satellite comparisons on airmass, we perform the comparisons in LOS transmission and LOS optical thickness (OT) as well as in vertical OT (i.e., optical depth, OD). We also use a new airmass algorithm that validates the algorithm we previously used to within 2% for SZA<90 degrees, and in addition provides results for SZA >= 90 degrees. For 6 DC-8 flights, 19 January-2 February 2003, AATS and DIAS results for LOS aerosol OT at lambda=400 nm agree to <= 12% of the AATS value. Mean and root-mean-square (RMS) differences, (DIAS-AATS)/AATS, are -2.3% and 7.7%, respectively. For DC-8 altitudes, AATS-satellite comparisons are possible only for lambda>440 nm, because of signal depletion for shorter lambda on the satellite full-limb LOS. For the 4 AATS-SAGE and 4 AATS-POAM near-coincidences conducted 19-31 January 2003, AATS-satellite AOD differences were <= 0.0041 for all lambda>440 nm. RMS differences were <= 0.0022 for SAGE-AATS and <= 0.0026 for POAM-AATS. RMS relative differences in AOD ([SAGE-AATS]/AATS) were <= 33% for lambdasimilar to 755 nm, AATS-POAM differences were less than AATS-SAGE differences, and RMS relative differences in AOD ([AATS-POAM]/AATS) were <= 31% for all lambda between 440 and 1020 nm. Unexplained differences that remain are associated with transmission differences, rather than differences in gas subtraction or conversion from LOS to vertical quantities. The very small stratospheric AOD values that occurred during SOLVE II added to the challenge of the comparisons, but do not explain all the differences. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SAIC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Russell, P (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM philip.b.russell@nasa.gov RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Swartz, William/A-1965-2010; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 1311 EP 1339 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931OA UT WOS:000229493400003 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Goerss, JS Schrader, AJ AF Sampson, CR Goerss, JS Schrader, AJ TI A consensus track forecast for southern hemisphere tropical cyclones SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE PREDICTION SYSTEM; INDEPENDENT FORECASTS; MODEL; SKILL; LAPS AB Tropical cyclone (TG) track forecasting skill of operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and their consensus is examined for the southern hemisphere for the period 1992 to 2004. The TC track forecasting skill of the operational NWP models has been steadily improving. For the southern hemisphere, the typical 72 h model forecast error has decreased from roughly 550 km to 400 km over the past ten years and is now comparable to the typical 48 h model forecast error ten years ago. In this study we examine the performance of consensus aids that are formed whenever the TC track forecasts from at least two models from a specified pool of operational NWP models are available. The 72 h consensus forecast error has decreased from about 350 km to roughly 310 km over the past ten years. For a homogeneous dataset from the 2002-2004 seasons, the 72 h forecast errors for a consensus computed from a specified pool of 2, 3 and 5 models were 347, 342 and 312 km, respectively. While the addition of models to the consensus has a modest impact on forecast skill, it has a more marked impact on consensus forecast availability. For the 2002-2004 seasons, the forecast availability for 72 h consensus forecasts computed from a pool of 2, 3 and 5 models was 69%, 74% and 85%, respectively. Preliminary results using the 2003-2004 seasons indicate that the addition of two Australian models and a barotropic model increases the forecast availability by a few per cent at the 24 h, 48 h and 72 h forecast periods. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN GOVT PUBL SERV PI CANBERRA PA PO BOX 84, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9743 J9 AUST METEOROL MAG JI Aust. Meteorol. Mag. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 957KG UT WOS:000231368100003 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Longcor, JD Hicok, KC Lennon, GG AF Davis, TA Longcor, JD Hicok, KC Lennon, GG TI Prior injury accelerates subsequent wound closure in a mouse model of regeneration SO CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tissue regeneration; wound closure; inflammation; macrophage-monocytes; scarless healing; mouse (MRL, C57BL6) ID LUPUS-PRONE MICE; GROWTH-FACTORS; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; TISSUE REGENERATION; CYTOKINE EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGE; REPAIR; CELLS; EAR; INHIBITORS AB Tissue regeneration and scarless healing involves the complete replacement and functional restoration of damaged organs and tissues. In this study of the "scarless healing" MRL mouse model, we demonstrate that 2-mm diameter through-and-through holes made in the cartilaginous part of previously injured MRL mouse ears are closed more efficiently, and that the regenerative repair response is significantly accelerated compared with unprimed MRL and control "nonhealer" strains of mice. Accelerated healing was detected both locally and distally from the original site of injury indicating the involvement of systemic components such as circulating cell types or soluble factors. Histologically, we observed early differences during the wound repair process (before Day 4 post injury) with accelerated formation of blastema-like structures, epidermal downgrowths, and enhanced epithelium thickening in wound border zones in primed MRL mice versus unprimed MRL mice. Although the mechanism of tissue regeneration remains unclear, the results from this study justify the use of the MRL model for further experimentation directed toward the identification of proteins and cell types capable of stimulating scarless tissue regeneration. C1 VeraGene LLC, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Endogeny Bio Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Lennon, GG (reprint author), VeraGene LLC, 9812 Falls Rd 114-237, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM glennon@veragene.com NR 57 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-766X J9 CELL TISSUE RES JI Cell Tissue Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 320 IS 3 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s00441-005-1107-7 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 931UP UT WOS:000229511300006 PM 15856306 ER PT J AU Moniz, L Nichols, J Trickey, S Seaver, M Pecora, D Pecora, L AF Moniz, L Nichols, J Trickey, S Seaver, M Pecora, D Pecora, L TI Using chaotic forcing to detect damage in a structure SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; SYNCHRONIZATION AB In this work we develop a numerical test for Holder continuity and apply it and another test for continuity to the difficult problem of detecting damage in structures. We subject a thin metal plate with incremental damage to the plate changes, its filtering properties, and therefore the phase space trajectories of the response chaotic excitation of various bandwidths. Damage to the plate changes its filtering properties and therefore the phase space of the response. Because the data are multivariate (the plate is instrumented with multiple sensors) we use a singular value decomposition of the set of the output time series to reduce the embedding dimension of the response time series. We use two geometric tests to compare an attractor reconstructed from data from an undamaged structure to that reconstructed from data from a damaged structure. These two tests translate to testing for both generalized and differentiable synchronization between responses. We show loss of synchronization of responses with damage to the structure. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Moniz, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM lmoniz@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 AR 023106 DI 10.1063/1.1903203 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 937HJ UT WOS:000229914900006 PM 16035882 ER PT J AU Fagen, K Lane, M Silverman, ED AF Fagen, K Lane, M Silverman, ED TI Isolated left ventricular noncompaction: A diagnosis to consider with left ventricular wall akinesis SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE isolated left ventricular noncompaction; spongy myocardium; gated blood-pool scintigraphy ID MYOCARDIUM C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Silverman, ED (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 204, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM edsilverman@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 425 EP 426 DI 10.1097/01.rlu.0000162967.98769.4f PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 929HL UT WOS:000229332600012 PM 15891300 ER PT J AU Polak, E Royset, J AF Polak, E Royset, J TI On the use of augmented Lagrangians in the solution of generalized semi-infinite min-max problems SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE generalized minimax; semi-infinite optimization; augmented Lagrangian functions; nonsmooth optimization algorithms ID OPTIMALITY CONDITIONS; PROGRAMMING-PROBLEMS; EXACT PENALIZATION; APPROXIMATIONS; DUALITY; MINIMAX AB We present an approach for the solution of a class of generalized semi-infinite optimization problems. Our approach uses augmented Lagrangians to transform generalized semi-infinite min-max problems into ordinary semi-infinite min-max problems, with the same set of local and global solutions as well as the same stationary points. Once the transformation is effected, the generalized semi-infinite min-max problems can be solved using any available semi-infinite optimization algorithm. We illustrate our approach with two numerical examples, one of which deals with structural design subject to reliability constraints. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Royset, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM polak@eecs.berkeley.edu; joroyset@nps.edu NR 33 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6003 J9 COMPUT OPTIM APPL JI Comput. Optim. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 2 BP 173 EP 192 DI 10.1007/s10589-005-2179-8 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 939KT UT WOS:000230072300003 ER PT J AU Jarosz, E Blain, CA Murray, SP Inoue, M AF Jarosz, E Blain, CA Murray, SP Inoue, M TI Barotropic tides in the Bab el Mandab Strait - numerical simulations SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barotropic tides; Bab el Mandab strait; numerical model; residual circulation; tidal energy flux ID SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; ENGLISH-CHANNEL; TIDAL MODEL; OCEAN TIDES; COMPUTATIONS; CURRENTS AB A two-dimensional barotropic finite element model with the grid resolution varying between 0.2 and 2 km and forced by eight principle constituents (Q(1), O(1), P(1), K(1), N(2), M(2), S(2), and K(2)) was used to compute tidal elevations and currents in the Bab el Mandab Strait. Good agreement is achieved with the available observations for both diurnal and semidiurnal tidal currents and diurnal elevations; however, the model performs less satisfactorily for the semidiurnal elevations mainly due to the errors between the observed and computed phases in the region where there are amphidromic points for the M(2), S(2), and N(2) constituents in the Strait. The results indicate that the largest amplitudes of the tidal elevations and the strongest currents are present in the southern part of the Strait. Residual circulation induced by the barotropic tides is rather weak in the major part of the Strait, and its contribution to the Red Sea water transport is small. The model results also show that barotropic energy fluxes are not very large and their direction depends on the constituent. All diurnal and one semidiurnal (N(2)) constituent have one major source of energy, which is the flux from the Gulf of Aden, while there are two sources of energy for the M(2), S(2), and K(2) components: one from the Gulf and another from the Red Sea. Very small energy fluxes from the Strait to the adjacent basins indicate that almost all tidal energy is dissipated within the Strait. The distribution of the rate of energy dissipation due to bottom friction implies that the major area of dissipation is located between Perim Narrows and the Assab-Mocha line. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Jarosz, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7332, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM ewa.jarosz@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1225 EP 1247 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.12.017 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 929OF UT WOS:000229354700004 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Knight, DA AF Schull, TL Knight, DA TI Organometallic phosphonic acids: synthesis and coordination chemistry SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE phosphonic acids; organometallic; phosphine ID PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; PHOSPHANE COMPLEXES; PHOSPHINES; LIGANDS; PALLADIUM(II); MONOLAYERS; CATALYSTS; RHODIUM; HYDROGENATION; CARBONYLATION AB The synthesis, structure and application of highly functionalized organometallic phosphonic acids are reviewed. Phosphonic acid derivatives of phosphorus(III) and transition metals are emphasized. Coordination chemistry, homogeneous catalytic reactions and synthesis of new materials are also reviewed. This present review provides an exhaustive literature survey through to September 2004. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM daknight@lyno.edu OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 249 IS 11-12 BP 1269 EP 1282 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.02.005 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 919OS UT WOS:000228628000007 ER PT J AU Pan, MJ AF Pan, MJ TI Performance of capacitors under DC bias at liquid nitrogen temperature SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; power applications; capacitor AB Several commercially available capacitors were evaluated at the liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). Our primary interest was their performance under a bias voltage when used as DC link capacitors in cryogenic power electronics. In general, the performance of polymer capacitors and certain ceramic capacitors is almost independent of the temperature, DC bias, and frequency. On the other hand, ceramic capacitors based on high dielectric constant materials showed a strong dependence on the boundary conditions. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors showed a dramatic decrease of capacitance at 77 K, possibly due to the electrolyte being frozen and therefore losing its conductivity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pan, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pan@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.03.006 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 941BL UT WOS:000230189500010 ER PT J AU Bailey, PD Bastien, JL AF Bailey, Philip D., Jr. Bastien, John L. TI Preinduction techniques for pediatric anesthesia SO CURRENT OPINION IN ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anesthesia; children; fentanyl; ketamine; methohexital; midazolam; parental presence; pediatric; premedication AB Purpose of review Preparing pediatric patients for their surgical experience is a complex process that maybe facilitated by pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic techniques. Several techniques often utilized in the preoperative setting to decrease the anxiety level of pediatric patients and their parents include the administration of a sedative premedicant, parental presence during induction, and a variety of other non-pharmacologic modalities. These techniques may be useful, alone or in combination, to decrease anxiety levels in children and parents. This article reviews the most recent literature available on a variety of preinduction techniques in children. Recent findings Recent studies have evaluated various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic preinduction techniques in children. Preoperative administration of midazolam, alone or combined with other pharmacologic agents, is the most effective technique at reducing anxiety in the child and parent. Although the literature supports the use of non-pharmacologic preinduction techniques, these modalities are time consuming, expensive, and do not consistently provide anxiolysis. Therefore, non-pharmacologic modalities are typically combined with pharmacological premedicants. Summary Although a variety of preinduction techniques exist, the most popular technique involves administering a sedative premedication, such as midazolam. Administering a premedicant will reliably decrease anxiety, improve cooperation during induction, and improve parental satisfaction. In addition, other preinduction strategies such as parental presence during induction may play a role in reducing anxiety levels in select children and their parents, and should be considered. C1 [Bailey, Philip D., Jr.; Bastien, John L.] Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Bailey, PD (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM pdbailey@mar.med.navy.mil NR 38 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0952-7907 EI 1473-6500 J9 CURR OPIN ANESTHESIO JI Curr. Opin. Anesthesiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 3 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA V40ZP UT WOS:000209516800006 ER PT J AU Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Gould, P Kolisnyk, J Merced, N Barthel, V Rozmajzl, PJ Shaheen, H Fouad, S Frenck, RW AF Sanders, JW Putnam, SD Gould, P Kolisnyk, J Merced, N Barthel, V Rozmajzl, PJ Shaheen, H Fouad, S Frenck, RW TI Diarrheal illness among deployed US military personnel during Operation Bright Star 2001 - Egypt SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; E. coli; pathogens; military; Egypt; Middle East; cryptosporidium ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; IDENTIFICATION; ANIMALS; DISEASE; STOOL; CAIRO AB In the fall of 2001, approximately 15,000 U.S. military personnel participated in a military exercise in the northwestern Egyptian desert. To assess the prevalence and impact of diarrhea and enteropathogen distribution, we conducted a post-deployment survey and a case series study. A departure convenience sampling (n = 3725) was used in the post-deployment survey. Overall, 9.3% reported diarrhea, 2.6% sought medical care, and 2.8% stopped or decreased their work for at least a day. Among those reporting diarrhea, 41.7% had symptoms for less than 2 days, 43.5% had symptoms from 2-5 days, and 14.8% had symptoms for more than 5 days. In the case series study, Pathogens were identified in 53.6% of the 129 cases enrolled. Pathogens identified included enterotoxigenic E. coli (n = 53), enteroaggregative E Coli (n = 13), Cryptosporidium (n = 9), Campylobacter jejuni (n = 7), noroviruses (n = 7), Shigella flexneri (n = 2), rotavirus (n = 2), and Entamoeba histolytica (n = 2). Among those seeking care for diarrhea, two thirds reported a decreased ability or inability to perform their jobs for at least one day, but overall, diarrhea was much less prevalent than in past surveys in this region, with minimal impact on the mission. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Naval Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta 96250, Indonesia. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Sanders, JW (reprint author), Naval Med Res Unit 3, AE 09835, Cairo, Egypt. EM sandersj@namru3.med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.02.005 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 945QS UT WOS:000230517800002 PM 15964494 ER PT J AU Young, PE Dobhan, RR Schafer, TW AF Young, PE Dobhan, RR Schafer, TW TI Clostridium perfringens spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Report of a case and implications for management SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; Clostridium perfringens; acid suppression therapy; proton pump inhibitor ID CIRRHOTIC-PATIENTS; OVERGROWTH; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTIONS; ASCITES C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Gastroenterol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Internal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Schafer, TW (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Gastroenterol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM wschater@Mar.med.navy.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1124 EP 1126 DI 10.1007/s10620-005-2717-3 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 935RQ UT WOS:000229801500024 PM 15986867 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Gilles, A Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Gilles, A Fan, CW TI Experiment of falling cylinder through the water column SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cylinder; cylinder drop experiment; center of mass; center of volume; trajectory pattern AB Hydrodynamic features of a falling cylinder into the water column are investigated experimentally. The experiment consisted of dropping three cylinders of various lengths into a pool where the trajectories were filmed from two angles. The controlled parameters are cylinder's physical parameters (length to diameter ratio, center of mass location), and initial drop conditions (initial velocity, and drop angle). Six trajectory patterns (straight, spiral, flip, flat, seesaw, combination) are detected during the experiment. The center of mass position has the largest influence on the trajectory of cylinders. The observed motion of cylinders is well simulated using a numerical model based on the momentum and moment of momentum balances using triple coordinate transform. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0894-1777 EI 1879-2286 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 5 BP 555 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2004.08.001 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 918IX UT WOS:000228536600002 ER PT J AU Michopoulos, J Tsompanopoulou, P Houstis, E Farhat, C Lesoinne, M Rice, J Joshi, A AF Michopoulos, J Tsompanopoulou, P Houstis, E Farhat, C Lesoinne, M Rice, J Joshi, A TI On a data-driven environment for multiphysics applications SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING AND ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE data-driven; multiphysics; multidisciplinary problem solving environment; distributed computing; distributed sensors; heterogeneous networks ID PROBLEM-SOLVING ENVIRONMENT; AEROELASTIC PROBLEMS; METHODOLOGY; ALGORITHMS; DESIGN; JAVA AB The combination of the recent advances in computational and distributed sensor network technologies provide a unique opportunity for focused efforts on high confidence modelling and simulation of multiphysics systems. Responding to this opportunity, we present in this paper the architecture of a data-driven environment for multiphysics applications (DDEMA) as a multidisciplinary problem solving environment (MPSE). The goal of this environment is to support the automated identification and efficient prediction of the behavioral response of multiphysics continuous interacting systems. The design takes into consideration heterogeneous and distributed information technologies, coupled multiphysics sciences, and sensor originating data to drive and to steer adaptive modelling and simulation of the underlying systemic behavior. The design objectives and proposed software architecture are described in the context of two multidisciplinary applications related to material structure design of supersonic platforms and fire/material/environment interaction monitoring, assessment and management. These applications of DDEMA will be distributed over a highly heterogeneous networks that extend from light and ubiquitous resources (thin portable devices/clients) to heavy GRID-based computational infrastructure. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Thessaly, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, Volos 38221, Greece. Purdue Univ, Comp Sci Dept, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Michopoulos, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Code 6303, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.michopoulos@nrl.navy.mil RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 953 EP 968 DI 10.1016/j.future.2003.12.023 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 938OY UT WOS:000230013900011 ER PT J AU Boudreau, BP Algar, C Johnson, BD Croudace, I Reed, A Furukawa, Y Dorgan, KM Jumars, PA Grader, AS Gardiner, BS AF Boudreau, BP Algar, C Johnson, BD Croudace, I Reed, A Furukawa, Y Dorgan, KM Jumars, PA Grader, AS Gardiner, BS TI Bubble growth and rise in soft sediments SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bubbles; mud; fracture; methane ID NATURAL-GAS; METHANE; SEA; ESCAPE; SOILS; MODEL; BAY AB The mechanics of uncemented soft sediments during bubble growth are not widely understood and no rheological model has found wide acceptance. We offer definitive evidence on the mode of bubble formation in the form of X-ray computed tomographic images and comparison with theory. Natural and injected bubbles in muddy cohesive sediments are shown to be highly eccentric oblate spheroids (disks) that grow either by fracturing the sediment or by reopening preexisting fractures. In contrast, bubbles in soft sandy sediment tend to be spherical, suggesting that sand acts fluidly or plastically in response to growth stresses. We also present bubble-rise results from gelatin, a mechanically similar but transparent medium, that suggest that initial rise is also accomplished by fracture. Given that muddy sediments are elastic and yield by fracture, it becomes much easier to explain physically related phenomena such as seafloor pockmark formation, animal burrowing, and gas buildup during methane hydrate melting. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Southampton, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Geoenvironm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Boudreau, BP (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM bernie.boudreau@dal.ca RI Gardiner, Bruce/C-8593-2012; Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013; OI Croudace, Ian/0000-0003-1547-5650; Gardiner, Bruce/0000-0001-8770-5908 NR 22 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 45 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 6 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1130/G21259.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 930ZE UT WOS:000229454800022 ER PT J AU Shen, YC Zuckerman, S AF Shen, YC Zuckerman, S TI The effect of medicaid payment generosity on access and use among beneficiaries SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE payment levels; Medicaid; access and use; propensity score methods ID MANAGED CARE; PHYSICIAN PARTICIPATION; FEES; SERVICES; PROGRAMS; CHICAGO; RATES AB Objective. This study examines the effects of Medicaid payment generosity on access and care for adult and child Medicaid beneficiaries. Data Source. Three years of the National Surveys of America's Families ( 1997, 1999, 2002) are linked to the Urban Institute Medicaid capitation rate surveys, the Area Resource File, and the American Hospital Association survey files. Study Design. In order to identify the effect of payment generosity apart from unmeasured differences across areas, we compare the experiences of Medicaid beneficiaries with groups that should not be affected by Medicaid payment policies. To assure that these groups are comparable to Medicaid beneficiaries, we reweight the data using propensity score methods. We use a difference-in-differences model to assess the effects of Medicaid payment generosity on four categories of access and use measures ( continuity of care, preventive care, visits, and perceptions of provider communication and quality of care). Principal Findings. Higher payments increase the probability of having a usual source of care and the probability of having at least one visit to a doctor and other health professional for Medicaid adults, and produce more positive assessments of the health care received by adults and children. However, payment generosity has no effect on the other measures that we examined, such as the probability of receiving preventive care or the probability of having unmet needs. Conclusions. Higher payment rates can improve some aspects of access and use for Medicaid beneficiaries, but the effects are not dramatic. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Urban Inst, Ctr Hlth Policy, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Shen, YC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Code GB,555 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 723 EP 744 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00382.x PG 22 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 928NX UT WOS:000229279700007 PM 15960688 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZQ Li, L Smith, J Carin, L AF Zhao, ZQ Li, L Smith, J Carin, L TI Analysis of scattering from very large three-dimensional rough surfaces using MLFMM and ray-based analyses SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces; scattering parameters measurement; sea surface electromagnetic scattering; numerical analysis ID FAST-MULTIPOLE ALGORITHM; LOSSY HALF-SPACE; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; SEA-SURFACE; TARGETS; BACKSCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; MODEL AB Several techniques are considered for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering from rough ocean surfaces. A rigorous Multi-Level Fast Multipole Method (MLFMM) is employed, as well as a high-frequency ray-based solution. The MLFMM analysis is implemented in scalable form, allowing consideration of scattering from very large surfaces (in excess of 100 lambda x 100 lambda, where lambda, represents the electromagnetic wavelength). Plane-wave incidence is assumed, and a key aspect of the MLFMM study involves investigating techniques for rough-surface truncation. The rough surface is modeled as a target placed in the presence of an infinite half-space background; to minimize edge effects, the surface is smoothly tapered into the planar half space. We also consider the technique of employing a resistive taper on the edges of the rough surface. These two truncation techniques are compared in accuracy, memory requirements (RAM), and in computational time (CPU). The MLFMM results are used to validate an approximate ray-based high-frequency model that allows rapid analysis of large surfaces. The computational results are compared to measured forward-scattering data from scaled laboratory measurements, used to simulate scattering from an ocean surface. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zhao, ZQ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Box 90291, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM zzhao@ee.duke.edu; linl@ee.duke.edu; SmithJR@nswccd.navy.mil; lcarin@ee.duke.edu NR 27 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1109/MAP.2005.1532538 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 978UR UT WOS:000232899000003 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Evans, AJ Yu, JS Slivken, S Razeghi, M AF Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Evans, AJ Yu, JS Slivken, S Razeghi, M TI Beam steering in high-power CW quantum-cascade lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE laser beam steering; quantum-well (QW) lasers ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; HIGH-DUTY-CYCLE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MIDINFRARED LASER; DIODE-LASERS; W LASERS; SUPERLATTICES AB We report the light-current (L-I), spectral, and far-field characteristics of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with seven different wavelengths in the lambda = 4.3 to 6.3 mu m range. In continuous-wave (CW) mode, the narrow-stripe (approximate to 13 mu m) epitaxialside-up devices operated at temperatures up to 340 K, while at 295 K the CW output power was as high as 640 mW with a wallplug efficiency of 4.5 %. All devices with lambda >= 4.7 mu m achieved room-temperature CW operation, and at T = 200 K several produced powers exceeding 1 W with approximate to 10 % wallplug efficiency. The data indicated both spectral and spatial instabilities of the optical modes. For example, minor variations of the current often produced nonmonotonic hopping between spectra with envelopes as narrow as 5-10 nm or as broad as 200-250 nm. Bistable beam steering, by far-field angles of up to +/- 12 degrees from the facet normal, also occurred, although even in extreme cases the beam quality never became worse than twice the diffraction limit. The observed steering is consistent with a theory for interference and beating between the two lowest order lateral modes. We also describe simulations of a wide-stripe photonic-crystal distributed-feedback QCL, which based on the current material quality is projected to emit multiple watts of CW power into a single-mode beam at T = 200 K. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009; Slivken, Steven/B-7273-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 38 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 833 EP 841 DI 10.1109/JQE.2005.846691 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 929OX UT WOS:000229356600013 ER PT J AU Campillo, AL AF Campillo, AL TI Chromatic dispersion-monitoring technique based on phase-sensitive detection SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical fiber communications; optical fiber dispersion; performance monitoring ID COMPENSATION AB A novel chromatic dispersion-monitoring technique is proposed and demonstrated. A path imbalanced interferometer is used to monitor the intensity to phase conversion of a radio-frequency spectral component of a modulated signal. The measurement range of the technique is independent of the data rate and can be tuned by adjusting the path length difference of the interferometer. An unambiguous measurement range of > 2300 ps/nm is demonstrated for a 10-GB/s nonreturn-to-zero signal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campillo, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alc@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1241 EP 1243 DI 10.1109/LPT.2005.846575 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 936JC UT WOS:000229850300035 ER PT J AU Pearlman, A Cross, A Slysz, W Zhang, J Verevkin, A Currie, M Korneev, A Kouminov, P Smirnov, K Voronov, B Gol'tsman, G Sobolewski, R AF Pearlman, A Cross, A Slysz, W Zhang, J Verevkin, A Currie, M Korneev, A Kouminov, P Smirnov, K Voronov, B Gol'tsman, G Sobolewski, R TI Gigahertz counting rates of NbN single-photon detectors for quantum communications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE counting rate; fiber-coupling; optical single-photon detectors; quantum communications; quantum cryptography; quantum efficiency; telecommunications receiver; timing jitter ID RELAXATION; TIME AB We report on the GHz counting rate and jitter of our nanostructured superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). The devices were patterned in 4-nm-thick and about 100-nm-wide NbN meander stripes and covered a 10 - mu m X 10 - mu m area. We were able to count single photons at both the visible and infrared telecommunication wavelengths at rates of over 2 GHz with a timing jitter of below 18 ps. We also present the model for the origin of the SSPD switching dynamics and jitter, based on the time-delay effect in the phase-slip-center formation mechanism during the detector photoresponse process. With further improvements in our readout electronics, we expect that our SSPDs will reach counting rates of up to 10 GHz. An integrated quantum communications receiver based on two fiber-coupled SSPDs and operating at 1550-nm wavelength is also presented. C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Inst Electr Mat Technol, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Moscow State Pedag Univ, Moscow 119345, Russia. RP Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM aapearlm@ece.rochester.edu RI Sobolewski, Roman/A-1979-2013; Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013 OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849926 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300126 ER PT J AU Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS Patten, M Datta, T AF Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS Patten, M Datta, T TI A new technique for the measurement of AC loss in second-generation HTS tapes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Ac loss; calorimetry; critical current; superconductivity AB The successful application of superconductivity to motors and other power system components depends on several factors. One of these involves characterization and minimization of the ac loss in the superconductor used for fabrication of the component. Previous electrical measurements of ac loss have been complicated by the presence of large, undesirable voltages due to stray inductances in the circuit. Their effect was minimized by the addition of a compensation circuit. We have developed a much simpler circuit that significantly reduces this problem to the extent that no compensation is necessary. We report on measurements of the ac loss of several commercial YBaCuO samples immersed in liquid nitrogen using this circuit. We also propose a definition for characterizing the quality of the tapes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geoctrs, Lanham, MD USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM soulen@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; osofsky@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; mpatten@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; datta@sc.edu RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2381 EP 2384 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849674 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700317 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH AF Claassen, JH TI Inductor design for cryogenic power electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE cryogenic electronics; inductors; soft magnetic materials; superconducting coils ID AC LOSSES; HTS COILS; TRANSFORMER AB The core losses of a number of ferrite compositions as well as several metallic ferromagnetic materials have been measured at 78 K. From these measurements we can estimate the power dissipation of a conventional inductor (copper windings, magnetic core) at low temperature. It is found that the magnetic losses generally increase on cooling; this counteracts the reduction in copper losses, and the dissipation would not be much different than its room temperature value. If superconducting windings are substituted for the copper, there remains a tradeoff between losses in the core and in the superconductor. Optimization of this combination will require extensive modeling; it may be that the best solution involves no magnetic core at all. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.claassen@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2385 EP 2388 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849678 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700318 ER PT J AU Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS AF Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS TI Enhanced T-c and H-c2 near the metal/insulator transition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE GLAG theory; H-c2; metal/insulator transition; scaling theory; superconductivity; transition temperature ID UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE AB We have studied the behavior of H-c2 for the Nb1-xTix system as a function of disorder (i.e, x). To account for the observed behavior we substituted expressions for gamma and T-c previously derived for disordered systems, into the GLAG expression for H-c2. This extension accounts very well for the data for the NbTi system and, accordingly, we are studying its application to data for several other superconducting systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM soulen@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; osofsky@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2939 EP 2941 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848664 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200128 ER PT J AU Oates, DE Park, SH Agassi, D Koren, G Irgmaier, K AF Oates, DE Park, SH Agassi, D Koren, G Irgmaier, K TI Temperature dependence of intermodulation distortion in YBCO: Understanding nonlinearity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE intermodulation distortion; microwave surface impedance; nonlinear surface impedance; YBCO films ID MICROWAVE SURFACE IMPEDANCE; YBA2CU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; STRIPLINE RESONATORS; RESISTANCE AB Intermodulation distortion (IMD) in high-T-c superconductor (HTS) devices continues to be important, and a complete understanding is lacking. We have measured the third-order MID vs power as a function of temperature from 1.7 K to T-c for YBCO films of several fabrication methods on lanthanum aluminate and sapphire. The measurements used a stripline resonator at either 1.5 GHz or 2.3 GHz depending on the substrate. The results show increasing IMD with decreasing temperature at low power levels. The IMD diverges nearly as 1/T-2 for temperatures below 5 K. This temperature and power dependence of the IMD is an observation of the nonlinear Meissner effect that has been predicted for superconductors with d-wave symmetry but has not been previously observed. The results agree with a rigorous, many-body calculation that yields directly the lowest-order correction of the nonlinear penetration depth as a function of the current. We discuss the role of intrinsic and extrinsic properties in the IMD. We also discuss the implications for practical devices operated at usual cryocooler temperatures. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. THEVA Dunnschichttech GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany. RP MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM oates@ll.mit.edu NR 24 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3589 EP 3595 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849367 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200292 ER PT J AU Lin, W Gong, Q AF Lin, W Gong, Q TI Comments on "A remark on partial-state feedback stabilization of cascade systems using small gain theorem" - Authors' reply SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lin, W (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM linwei@nonlinear.cwru.edu; qgong@nps.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 928 EP 929 DI 10.1109/TAC.2005.850460 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 936KI UT WOS:000229853500027 ER PT J AU Sheppard, JW Kaufman, MA AF Sheppard, JW Kaufman, MA TI A Bayesian approach to diagnosis and prognosis using built-in test SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; built-in test (BIT); diagnosis false indication; measurement uncertainty; prognosis AB Accounting for the effects of test uncertainty is a significant problem in test and diagnosis, especially within the context of built-in test. Of interest here, how does one assess the level of uncertainty and then utilize that assessment to improve diagnostics? One approach, based on measurement science, is to treat the probability of a false indication [e.g., built-in-test (BIT) false alarm or missed detection] as the measure of uncertainty. Given the ability to determine such probabilities, a Bayesian approach to diagnosis, and by extension, prognosis suggests itself. In the following, we present a mathematical derivation for false indication and apply it to the specification of Bayesian diagnosis. We draw from measurement science, reliability theory, signal detection theory, and Bayesian decision theory to provide an end-to-end probabilistic treatment of the fault diagnosis and prognosis problem. C1 ARINC Inc, Kingston, NY 12401 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Corona Div, Corona, CA 92878 USA. RP Sheppard, JW (reprint author), ARINC Inc, Kingston, NY 12401 USA. EM jsheppar@arinc.com NR 50 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1018 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.847351 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 928DH UT WOS:000229250800008 ER PT J AU O'Brien, RT Kiriakidis, K AF O'Brien, RT Kiriakidis, K TI Single-snapshot robust direction finding SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE direction-of-arrival estimation; H-infinity optimization; parameter estimation ID GAUSSIAN-NOISE; ARRAY; ARRIVAL; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; FILTER AB The paper presents a novel approach for recursively estimating the directions of arrival of incident signals as measurements are received along a sensor array. Using a single snapshot and without any statistical assumptions, the proposed method employs a robust performance criterion, which is based on worst-case gain minimization. The criterion aims to reduce the estimation error induced by worst-case amplitude and phase perturbations as well as additive noise in the array model. An algorithm that guarantees the criterion-within a first-order approximation-is developed and shown to converge. Moreover, instead of using a trial-and-error method to find a constant, minimum worst-case gain, the minimum worst-case gain is updated as each sensor measurement is processed. A step-by-step implementation of the algorithm is presented, and its computational complexity is analyzed. The performance of the new approach is evaluated by simulating the estimation algorithm for a linear array and comparing its performance with that of an existing single-snapshot algorithm. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM riobrien@usna.edu; kiriakid@usna.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1964 EP 1978 DI 10.1109/TSP.2005.847828 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 930VA UT WOS:000229444000002 ER PT J AU Kleijnen, JPC Sanchez, SM Lucas, TW Cioppa, TM AF Kleijnen, JPC Sanchez, SM Lucas, TW Cioppa, TM TI A user's guide to the brave new world of designing simulation experiments SO INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Review DE simulation; design of experiments; metamodels; Latin hypercube; sequential bifurcation; robust design ID COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SAMPLING CRITERIA; ROBUST DESIGN; OUTPUT; MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; METHODOLOGY; METAMODELS; MANAGEMENT AB Many simulation practitioners can get more from their analyses by using the statistical theory on design of experiments (DOE) developed specifically for exploring computer models. We discuss a toolkit of designs for simulators with limited DOE expertise who want to select a design and an appropriate analysis for their experiments. Furthermore, we provide a research agenda listing problems in the design of simulation experiments-as opposed to real-world experiments-that require more investigation. We consider three types of practical problems: (1) developing a basic understanding of a particular simulation model or system, (2) finding robust decisions or policies as opposed to so-called optimal solutions, and (3) comparing the merits of various decisions or policies. Our discussion emphasizes aspects that are typical for simulation, such as having many more factors than in real-world experiments, and the sequential nature of the data collection. Because the same problem type may be addressed through different design types, we discuss quality attributes of designs, such as the ease of design construction, the flexibility for analysis, and efficiency considerations. Moreover, the selection of the design type depends on the metamodel (response surface) that the analysts tentatively assume; for example, complicated metamodels require more simulation runs. We present several procedures to validate the metamodel estimated from a specific design, and we summarize a case study illustrating several of our major themes. We conclude with a discussion of areas that merit more work to achieve the potential benefits-either via new research or incorporation into standard simulation or statistical packages. C1 Tilburg Univ, Ctr Econ Res, Dept Informat Syst & Management, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, US Army Training & Doctrine Command Anal Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tilburg Univ, Ctr Econ Res, Dept Informat Syst & Management, Postbox 90153, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. EM kleiinen@uvt.nl; ssanchez@nps.edu; twlucas@nps.edu; thomas.cioppa@us.army.mil NR 128 TC 151 Z9 158 U1 4 U2 31 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 1091-9856 EI 1526-5528 J9 INFORMS J COMPUT JI INFORMS J. Comput. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 263 EP 289 DI 10.1287/ijoc.1050.0136 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 953EG UT WOS:000231058700001 ER PT J AU Oppliger, RA Magnes, SA Popowski, LA Gisolfi, CV AF Oppliger, RA Magnes, SA Popowski, LA Gisolfi, CV TI Accuracy of urine specific gravity and osmolality as indicators of hydration status SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE dehydration; euhydration; plasma osmolality; wrestling ID COLLEGIATE WRESTLERS; DEHYDRATION; INDEXES; HYPOHYDRATION; REHYDRATION; EXERCISE AB reduce the adverse consequences of exertion-related and acute intentional dehydration research has focused on monitoring hydration status. This investigation: 1) compared sensitivity of urine specific gravity (U-sg), urine osmolality (U-osm) and a criterion measurement of hydration, plasma osmolality (P-osm), at progressive stages of acute hypertonic dehydration and 2) using a medical decision model, determined whether U-sg or U-osm accurately reflected hydration status compared to P-osm among 51 subjects tested throughout the day. Incremental changes in P-osm were observed as subjects dehydrated by 5% of body weight and rehydrated while U-sg and U-osm showed delayed dehydration-related changes. Using the medical decision model, sensitivity and specificity were not significant at selected cut-offs for U-sg and U-osm. At the most accurate cut-off values, 1.015 and 1.020 for U-sg and 700 m(osm)/kg and 800 m(osm)/kg for U-osm, only 65% of the athletes were correctly classified using U-sg and 63% using U-osm, P-osm, U-sg, and U-osm appear sensitive to incremental changes in acute hypertonic dehydration, however, the misclassified outcomes for U-sg and U-osm raise concerns. Research focused on elucidating the factors affecting accurate assessment of hydration status appears warranted. C1 Iowa ZWrestling Res, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Orthoped Surg, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Oppliger, RA (reprint author), Iowa ZWrestling Res, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. NR 20 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 27 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1526-484X J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 236 EP 251 PG 16 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 935FN UT WOS:000229765200004 PM 16131695 ER PT J AU Tan, JS Lukacz, ES Menefee, SA Powell, CR Nager, CW AF Tan, JS Lukacz, ES Menefee, SA Powell, CR Nager, CW CA San Diego Pelvic Floor Consortium TI Predictive value of prolapse symptoms: a large database study SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE digital assistance; pelvic organ prolapse; prediction; prolapse; splinting ID PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; UTEROVAGINAL PROLAPSE; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; WOMEN; MANAGEMENT; HISTORY; STANDARDIZATION; TERMINOLOGY; DYSFUNCTION AB We sought to describe the relationship between patient symptoms and pelvic organ prolapse ( POP) and report the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of these POP symptoms. Two urologists and four urogynecologists developed a standardized pelvic floor questionnaire based on face validation for use at three female pelvic floor disorder clinics. Specific questions related to prolapse included questions on urinary splinting, digital assistance for defecation, and a bulge per vagina. Prolapse was assessed with the standardized Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitative (POP-Q) terminology. The analysis included 1912 women. Urinary splinting was uncommon (< 10%) when Ba< 0, but ranged between 23 and 36% for stage III and IV Ba prolapse. Digital assistance was equally common in stage II Bp prolapse ( 21 - 38%) and stage III-IVBp prolapse ( 26 - 29%). Only 6 - 11% of women with stage 0 or I POP reported symptoms of bulge, but with stage II it increased to 77%. Urinary splinting is 97% specific for anterior prolapse. The report of a bulge has an 81% positive predictive value and a 76% negative predictive value. Very few patients without anterior prolapse will report urinary splinting. Digital assistance for fecal evacuation is no more common with massive posterior prolapse than with moderate posterior prolapse. Patient report of a bulge is a valuable screening tool for POP and should prompt a careful exam. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Womens Pelv Med Ctr, Perlman Ambulatory Care Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Nager, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, 225 Dickinson St, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM cnager@ucsd.edu NR 16 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-3462 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J JI Int. Urogynecol. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s00192-004-1243-8 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 924II UT WOS:000228972000008 PM 15875236 ER PT J AU Kolp, JG AF Kolp, John G. TI A little parliament: The Virginia General Assembly in the seventeenth century. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kolp, JG (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 92 IS 1 BP 185 EP 186 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 082JE UT WOS:000240381900012 ER PT J AU Wasfy, MO Pimentel, G Abdel-Maksoud, M Russell, KL Barrozo, CP Klena, JD Earhart, K Hajjeh, R AF Wasfy, MO Pimentel, G Abdel-Maksoud, M Russell, KL Barrozo, CP Klena, JD Earhart, K Hajjeh, R TI Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing meningitis in Egypt, 1998-2003 SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE pneumococci; serotypes; surveillance; vaccines ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINES; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INVASIVE DISEASE; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; INFLUENZAE AB Objectives: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of 205 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, collected from the CSF of meningitis patients identified between 1998-2003, during sentinel meningitis surveillance in Egypt. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated against six antibiotics using disc diffusion and Etest methods. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination and the Quellung test. Results: Forty-nine percent of all isolates were found to be non-susceptible to penicillin (46% intermediate, MIC range 0.12-1.0 mg/L; 3% resistant, MIC = 2.0 mg/L), and 6% of the isolates were nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone (5% intermediate, MIC = 1.0 mg/L; 1.3% resistant, MIC 2 mg/L). Resistance rates for tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were high (52 and 59.7%, respectively), but those for erythromycin and chloramphenicol were lower (11 and 9%, respectively). Five serotypes (613, 1, 19A, 23F and 6A) accounted for 37% of the total isolates. Ten isolates (5%) were non-typeable. Overall, 29 and 42% of serotypes were represented in the 7- and 11-valent conjugate vaccines, respectively. However, vaccine coverage for children < 2 years was 38 and 56% for the 7- and 11-valent, respectively. Conclusions: Resistance to penicillin may be increasing among S. pneumoniae strains causing meningitis in Egypt, and a moderate proportion of these strains are not covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. In addition to intensifying education efforts about judicious use of antibiotics, laboratory-based surveillance for other forms of invasive pneumococcal disease, especially pneumonia, is needed before decisions can be made regarding the most effective vaccines for control of this disease in Egypt. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. EM wasfym@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 958 EP 964 DI 10.1093/jac/dki101 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 938UE UT WOS:000230028100025 PM 15820983 ER PT J AU Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wieting, TJ Wu, DH AF Garzarella, A Qadri, SB Wieting, TJ Wu, DH TI The effects of photorefraction on electro-optic field sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITY; BEAMS AB We have measured the electro-optic response of LiNbO3 and SrxBa1-xNb2O6 crystals to be used for electric-field sensors. Our results indicate that optically induced refractive index variations (photorefractivity) in the crystals affect the temporal stability and sensitivity of the sensors. Spatial distributions of the refractive indices produced from the photorefractivity create incoherence in the polarization of the probing laser passing through the crystal (optical probe). In LiNbO3 crystals, this spatial incoherence was negligible and sensor responsivities close to the theoretical maximum were attained. However, in SrxBa1-xNb2O6 crystals, strong spatial variations of the principal refractive indices resulted in an extremely incoherent polarization of the optical probe and reduced the electro-optic responsivity dramatically. The photorefractive-induced sensitivity loss is modeled using a distribution function (rather than a constant value) to describe the phase of the optical probe. These results emphasize the importance of an optically stable material, with little or no photorefractivity, when designing an electro-optic field sensor. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garzarella, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM garzarel@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 113108 DI 10.1063/1.1928313 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700009 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Park, D Goetz, PG Boos, JB Katzer, DS Biermann, ML Kanakaraju, S Calhoun, LC AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Park, D Goetz, PG Boos, JB Katzer, DS Biermann, ML Kanakaraju, S Calhoun, LC TI Strain relaxation, band-structure deformation, and optical absorption in free-hanging quantum-well microstructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; K-P THEORY; UNIAXIAL-STRESS; POLARIZATION ANISOTROPY; ZONE-CENTER; INP; SEMICONDUCTORS; MODULATION; ROTATION; GAAS AB We have measured changes to the band structure due to strain relaxation in micromachined multiple quantum-well microstructures that are released from the substrate. Analytic expressions for the strain tensor in the free-hanging heterostructure are presented and used in an eight-band k center dot p model to predict the changes to the band structure in the micromachined heterostructure. The deformed band structure is measured optically using spatially resolved differential transmission spectroscopy and found to be in excellent agreement with predictions. The measurements indicate (i) that strained semiconductor heterostructures relax elastically upon release from the substrate, (ii) that k center dot p theory combined with our strain relaxation expressions accurately model the optical properties of micromachined heterostructures, and (iii) that a significant asymmetry exists between the effects of compressive and tensile strains on optical absorption in these microstructures. Our results show that micromachining represents an important tool to modify the optical properties of quantum-well heterostructures. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ths@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 114326 DI 10.1063/1.1906287 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700120 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL AF Habasaki, J Ngai, KL TI Multifractal analysis of dynamic potential surface of ion-conducting materials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRUNCATED LEVY FLIGHTS; METASILICATE GLASS; STOCHASTIC-PROCESS; CONVERGENCE; TRANSPORT AB A multifractal analysis using singularity spectra [T. C. Halsey et al., Phys. Rev. A 33, 1141 (1986)] provides a general tool to study the temporal-spatial properties of particles in complex disordered materials such as ions in ionically conducting glasses and melts. Obtained by molecular-dynamics simulations, the accumulated positions of the particles dynamically form a structural pattern called the dynamical potential surface. In this work, the complex dynamical potential surfaces of Li ions in the lithium silicates were visualized and characterized by the multifractal analysis. The fractal dimensions and strength of the singularity related to the spatial intermittency of the dynamics are examined, and the relationship between dynamics and the singularity spectra is discussed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM habasaki@echem.titech.ac.jp RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 21 AR 214725 DI 10.1063/1.192469 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 934HT UT WOS:000229700600059 PM 15974780 ER PT J AU Belani, CP Perry, MC La Rocca, RV Rinaldi, D Gable, PS Tester, WJ AF Belani, CP Perry, MC La Rocca, RV Rinaldi, D Gable, PS Tester, WJ TI Maintenance therapy (MT) with weekly paclitaxel improves outcome for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 13-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ellis Fischel Canc Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Kentuckiana Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. Louisiana Oncol Assoc, Lafayette, LA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Albert Einstein Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 SU S BP 656S EP 656S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 943BK UT WOS:000230326604258 ER PT J AU Ramalingam, S Perry, MC Larocca, RV Rinaldi, DA Gable, P Tester, WJ Belani, CP AF Ramalingam, S Perry, MC Larocca, RV Rinaldi, DA Gable, P Tester, WJ Belani, CP TI Outcome of elderly (>= 70 years) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients on a multicenter, phase III randomized trial comparing weekly vs. standard schedules of paclitaxel (P) plus carboplatin (C). SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 13-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Missouri, Ellis Fischel Canc Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Kentuckiana Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. Louisiana Oncol Assoc, Lafayette, LA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Albert Einstein Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 SU S BP 657S EP 657S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 943BK UT WOS:000230326604263 ER PT J AU Carson, KR Goodell, GG McClanahan, SB AF Carson, KR Goodell, GG McClanahan, SB TI Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of six Irrigants on primary endodontic pathogens SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID 5.25-PERCENT SODIUM-HYPOCHLORITE; BLACK-PIGMENTED BACTEROIDES; IN-VITRO; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; 2-PERCENT CHLORHEXIDINE; PREVOTELLA-INTERMEDIA; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; ANTIBIOTIC ERA; NECROTIC PULP; ROOT CANALS AB The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activities of 6% and 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), and 0.01% and 0.005% doxycycline (Doxy) on four microorganisms associated with primary endodontic infections. The agar diffusion test was used to measure antimicrobial activities of these agents against Peptostreptococcus micros, Prevotelia intermedia, Streptococcus sanguis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Minimum inhibitory concentration analysis was performed using the macrodilution method. For three of the four microorganisms, the general order of antimicrobial effectiveness was 0.01% Doxy > 0.005% Doxy > 6% NaOCl > 3% NaOCl > 2% CHX > 0.12% CHX. For L. acidophilus, the order of effectiveness was 6% NaOCl > 3% NaOCl > 2% CHX > 0.01% Doxy > 0.005% Doxy > 0.12% CHX. The 6% NaOCl showed significantly greater zones of inhibition than 3% NaOCI for all endopathogens tested. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Endodont Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP McClanahan, SB (reprint author), 5419 Flint Tavern Pl, Burke, VA 22015 USA. EM SBMcClanahan@Bethesda.med NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 31 IS 6 BP 471 EP 473 DI 10.1097/01.don.0000148868.72833.62 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 930ZU UT WOS:000229456400013 PM 15917691 ER PT J AU Chen, JC Tyagi, SK Kaushik, SC Tiwari, V Wu, CH AF Chen, JC Tyagi, SK Kaushik, SC Tiwari, V Wu, CH TI Effects of several major irreversibilities on the thermodynamic performance of a regenerative MHD power cycle SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE magneto hydro dynamic (MHD); regenerator; optimal power output; thermal efficiency ID ISOTHERMAL HEAT ADDITION; BRAYTON CYCLE; THERMAL EFFICIENCY; CARNOT ENGINE; OUTPUT; PLANT AB This communication presents the thermodynamic analysis along with a detailed parametric study of an irreversible regenerative MHD power cycle. The power output is adopted as the objective function and optimized with respect to the cycle temperature ratio for a typical set of operating parameters. The power output is found to be an increasing function of the effectiveness and the heat capacitance rates on the hot- and cold-side reservoirs, the regenerative effectiveness, and the compressor and generator efficiencies, while it is found to be a decreasing function of the working fluid heat capacitance rates and the Mach number. The effects of the cold-side effectiveness and heat capacitance rate are found to be more than those of the other side effectiveness and heat capacitance rates on the performance of the cycle. The effect of the compressor efficiency is found to be more than that of the generator efficiency on the power output while it is reverse in the case of thermal efficiency. It is also found that there is an optimum relation among the various heat capacitance rates at which the cycle attains the maximum performance. C1 Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Energy Studies, New Delhi 110016, India. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM jcchen@xmu.edu.cn; sudhirtyagj@yahoo.com RI Chen, JC/G-4088-2010 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 2 BP 103 EP 118 DI 10.1115/1.1879046 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 935WM UT WOS:000229814100003 ER PT J AU Baker, C Prager, S Abdou, M Berry, L Betti, R Chan, V Craig, D Dahlburg, J Davidson, R Drake, J Hawryluk, R Hill, D Hubbard, A Logan, G Marmar, E Mauel, M McCarthy, K Parker, S Sauthoff, N Stambaugh, R Ulrickson, M Van Dam, J Wurden, G Zarnstorff, M Zinkle, S AF Baker, C Prager, S Abdou, M Berry, L Betti, R Chan, V Craig, D Dahlburg, J Davidson, R Drake, J Hawryluk, R Hill, D Hubbard, A Logan, G Marmar, E Mauel, M McCarthy, K Parker, S Sauthoff, N Stambaugh, R Ulrickson, M Van Dam, J Wurden, G Zarnstorff, M Zinkle, S TI Scientific challenges, opportunities and priorities for the US fusion energy sciences program SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion science; fusion energy; fusion priorities ID TOKAMAK AB In October 2003, Dr. Raymond Orbach, Director of the Department of Energy's Office of Science, issued a charge to the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) "to identify the major science and technology issues that need to be addressed, recommend how to organize campaigns to address these issues, and recommend the priority order for these campaigns." The sections in this report document the results of the Panel's work. The first two sections describe the concepts of the overarching themes, topical scientific questions, and campaigns. The next six sections (Sections 3-8) describe in detail the six scientific campaigns. Section 9 describes some important enabling research activities necessary for the campaigns. Sections 10-12 describe the overarching themes, which provide a crosscutting perspective of the activities in the six campaigns. Finally, the Panel's recommendations are set forth in Section 13. The charge letter to the panel is provided as Appendix A; the FESAC response letter is provided as Appendix D. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915; Mauel, Michael/0000-0003-2490-7478 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-6922-z PG 102 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 969HA UT WOS:000232224000003 ER PT J AU Kellogg, RA Flatau, A Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, T AF Kellogg, RA Flatau, A Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, T TI Quasi-static transduction characterization of Galfenol SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Fe-Ga alloy; Galfenol; magnetostriction; transducer ID MAGNETOSTRICTIVE PROPERTIES; FE-GA; ALLOYS AB The objective of this work is to characterize the magnetoelastic transduction properties of single-crystal and textured polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys (Galfenol) under controlled mechanical, magnetic, and thermal conditions. Polycrystalline samples of interest include a directionally solidified specimen, which possesses a favorable saturation magnetostriction output, and an extruded specimen, whose magnetostriction properties are significantly reduced by annealing. A brief discussion of the thermally controlled transducer used for the magnetic testing is presented first. Thereafter, the single-crystal response to major-loop cyclic magnetic fields under different temperature and stress conditions, as well as its response to minor-loop cyclic magnetic fields and major-loop cyclic stress are examined. Next, the magnetic and magnetostrictive responses to major-loop cyclic magnetic field conditions are compared for the directionally solidified, extruded, and single-crystal specimens. The paper concludes with a magnetic characterization summary of the different Fe-Ga alloys examined. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kellogg, RA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 6 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1177/1045389X05050107 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 926LJ UT WOS:000229124400001 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Margolina, TM AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Margolina, TM TI Seasonal variability of the Black Sea chlorophyll-a concentration SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE optimal spectral decomposition; Black Sea chlorophyll-a concentration; subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum; seasonal variability; data reconstruction; noisy and sparse data ID SURFACE CHLOROPHYLL; FLOW DECOMPOSITION; PHYTOPLANKTON; POLLUTION; SPARSE; LAYERS; FIELD; KARA AB The optimal spectral decomposition (OSD) method is used to reconstruct seasonal variability of the Black Sea horizontally averaged chlorophyll-a concentration from data collected during the NATO SfP-971818 Black Sea Project in 1980-1995. During the reconstruction, quality control is conducted to reduce errors caused by measurement accuracy, sampling strategy, and irregular data distribution in space and time. A bi-modal structure with winter/spring (February-March) and fall (September-October) blooms is uniquely detected and accurately documented. The chlorophyll-a enriched zone rises to 15 in depth in winter and June, and deepens to 40 in in April and 35 in in August. The June rise of the chlorophyll-a enriched zone is accompanying by near-continuous reduction of upper layer maximum chlorophyll-a concentration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Marine Hydrophys, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM chu@nps.navy.mil NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.01.001 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 946OI UT WOS:000230581300002 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH AF Brook, I Frazier, EH TI Bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with nasal polyposis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA AB Aspirates from 48 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses from patients who had nasal polyposis were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial growth was present in 46 (96%) specimens. Aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in 6 (13%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria alone in 18 (39%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 22 (48%). There were 110 bacterial isolates (2.4 per specimen). Thirty-nine of the isolates were aerobic or facultative organisms (0.85 per specimen). The predominant aerobic or facultative organisms were: Staphylococcus aureus, microaerophilic streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Seventy-one anaerobes were isolated (11.5 per specimen), Peptostreptococcus spp., Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Fusobacterium spp. being predominant. These findings illustrate for the first time the presence of polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora in patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis who had nasal polyposis. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol & Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM ib6@georgetown.edu NR 20 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 6 BP 595 EP 597 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.46767-0 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 958KT UT WOS:000231445800013 PM 15888469 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI The dead and the living in Paris and London, 1500-1670. SO JOURNAL OF MODERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-2801 J9 J MOD HIST JI J. Mod. Hist. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 77 IS 2 BP 390 EP 391 DI 10.1086/431821 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 931GB UT WOS:000229472700007 ER PT J AU Sarma, PVVS Han, DM Deschamps, JR Cook, JM AF Sarma, PVVS Han, DM Deschamps, JR Cook, JM TI Confirmation of the structure of (3S)-3-hydroxyquinine: Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of its 9-aceto analogue SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID QUININE METABOLITES; URINE; IDENTIFICATION; QUINIDINE; 3-HYDROXYLATION; PLASMA AB 3(S)-3-Hydroxyquinine (2) has been separated from its epimeric mixture at C-3 by conversion into the 9-aceto analogue followed by chromatography. The molecular structure of the acetate was determined through single-crystal X-ray analysis, and this confirms the structure of (3S)-3-hydroxyquinine (2), the major metabolite of quinine (1). C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 68 IS 6 BP 942 EP 944 DI 10.1021/np050015g PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 940ON UT WOS:000230153900024 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA TI Drag coefficient, dynamic roughness and reference wind speed SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE drag coefficient; dynamic roughness; wavelength; wave age; dimensionless frequency ID SEA-SURFACE ROUGHNESS; GENERATED WAVES; AIR-FLOW; STRESS; DEPENDENCE; PARAMETERIZATION; SEPARATION; GROWTH; STAGE; FETCH AB Surface waves are the roughness element of the ocean surface. The parameterization of the drag coefficient of the ocean surface is simplified by referencing to wind speed at an elevation proportional to the characteristic wavelength. The dynamic roughness is analytically related to the drag coefficient. Under the assumption of fetch limited wave growth condition, various empirical functions of the dynamic roughness can be converted to equivalent expressions for comparison. For datasets covering a wide range of the dimensionless frequency (inverse wave age), it is important to account for the variable rate of wave development at different wave ages. As a result, the dependence of the Charnock parameter on wave age is nonmonotonic. Finally, the analysis presented here suggests that the significant wave steepness is a sensitive property of the ocean surface and a single variable normalization of the dynamic roughness using a wavelength or wave height parameter actually produces more robust functions than bi-variable normalizations using wave height and wave slope. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM paul.hwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 399 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s10872-005-0050-2 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 922XZ UT WOS:000228874500003 ER PT J AU Nguyen, H Tomita, S Gillingham, B AF Nguyen, H Tomita, S Gillingham, B TI Small bowel perforation from unit rod posterior spinal fusion SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE perforated viscus; complications; unit rod segmental posterior spinal fusion ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; INSTRUMENTATION; DEFORMITY; MANAGEMENT; SCOLIOSIS; CHILDREN AB An unusual complication of bowel perforation after unit rod posterior spinal fusion and anterior spine release via a retroperitoneal approach is described. This complication has not been previously described. The pediatric surgical specialist should be aware of this consideration in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain after unit rod posterior spinal fusion. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Directorate Surg Serv Adm, Dept Orthoped, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Gillingham, B (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Directorate Surg Serv Adm, Dept Orthoped, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM blgillingham@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 AR E7 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.03.032 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 947CW UT WOS:000230621800035 PM 15991165 ER PT J AU Crisma, M Deschamps, JR George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Kaptein, B Broxterman, QB Moretto, A Oancea, S Jost, M Formaggio, F Toniolo, C AF Crisma, M Deschamps, JR George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Kaptein, B Broxterman, QB Moretto, A Oancea, S Jost, M Formaggio, F Toniolo, C TI A topographically and conformationally constrained, spin-labeled, alpha-amino acid: crystallographic characterization in peptides SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beta-turn; 3(10)-helix; C-alpha-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acid; nitroxide spin label; peptide synthesis; X-ray diffraction ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GLYCINE-RICH HEPTAPEPTIDE; HYDROGEN-BOND DISTANCES; AMINOISOBUTYRIC-ACID; LINEAR OLIGOPEPTIDES; SIMPLE DERIVATIVES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TRICHODECENIN-I; DESIGN AB 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC) is a topographically and conformationally restricted, nitroxide containing, C-α-tetrasubstituted α-amino acid. Here, we describe the molecular and crystal structures, as determined by X-ray diffraction analyses, of a TOAC terminally protected derivative, the cyclic dipeptide c(TOAC)(2).1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFIP) solvate, and five TOAC-containing, terminally protected, linear peptides ranging in length from tetra- to hepta-peptides. Incipient and fully developed, regular or distorted 3(10)-helical structures are formed by the linear peptides. A detailed discussion on the average geometry and preferred conformation for the TOAC piperidine ring is also reported. The X-ray diffraction structure of an intramolecularly cyclized side product resulting from a C-activated TOAC residue has also been determined. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Chem, CNR, Inst Biomol Chem, I-35131 Padua, Italy. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DSM Res & Patents, Life Sci, Adv Synth & Catalysis, NL-6160 MD Geleen, Netherlands. RP Toniolo, C (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Chem, CNR, Inst Biomol Chem, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM claudio.toniolo@unipd.it RI Oancea, Simona/D-4541-2013; Crisma, Marco/K-6626-2013; OI Crisma, Marco/0000-0003-3552-4106; Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010; TONIOLO, CLAUDIO/0000-0002-2327-1423; Moretto, Alessandro/0000-0003-1563-9053 NR 88 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 6 BP 564 EP 579 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00258.x PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 924XV UT WOS:000229015300007 PM 15885116 ER PT J AU Schiller, F Halilov, SV Laubschat, C AF Schiller, F Halilov, SV Laubschat, C TI Mn 3d majority spin states in c(2 x 2) Mn/fcc-X(001) systems (X = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ORDERED SURFACE ALLOYS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ULTRATHIN FILMS; PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; CU(100); GROWTH; CU(001); MN/CU(001); ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE AB Results of an angle-resolved photoemission study of the 0.5 monolayer c(2 x 2) manganese superstructure on fcc-(001) surfaces of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu are presented. In order to stabilize an fcc structure of Fe and Co, thin-films of these ferromagnetic metals were grown pseudomorphically on Cu(001). For comparison, linear muffin-tin orbital band structure calculations were carried out to identify the contributions of the atoms of the surface compound to the density of states. For Mn on Cu(001) and Ni(001) the position of the manganese 3d majority spin band at the (Gamma) over bar -point of the second surface Brillouin zone is found at 3.0 eV, while for Mn on Fe/Cu(001), Co/Cu(001), and Ni/Cu(001) the band position is shifted to 3.5 eV binding energy. The identical binding energy position on all ferromagnetic thin films substrates is attributed to the negligible hybridization of the Mn 3d majority spin band while on Cu(001) Mn bands can hybridize with copper derived states, resulting in a slightly different energy position. Furthermore, a decrease of the lattice constant results in a decrease in binding energy consistent with the picture of local magnetic Mn 3d moments. C1 TU Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, DMSE, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Schiller, F (reprint author), TU Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RI Schiller, Frederik/F-5990-2012 OI Schiller, Frederik/0000-0003-1727-3542 NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 21 BP 3153 EP 3164 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/21/011 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 941XH UT WOS:000230247000014 ER PT J AU Jerzak, W Siegmann, WL Collins, MD AF Jerzak, W Siegmann, WL Collins, MD TI Modeling Rayleigh and Stoneley waves and other interface and boundary effects with the parabolic equation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC MEDIA; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; SLOPING INTERFACES; SELF-STARTER; PROPAGATION; OCEAN; GUIDES AB An improved approach for handling boundaries, interfaces, and continuous depth dependence with the elastic parabolic equation is derived and benchmarked. The approach is applied to model the propagation of Rayleigh and Stoneley waves. Depending on the choice of dependent variables, the operator in the elastic wave equation may not factor or the treatment of interfaces may be difficult. These problems are resolved by using a formulation in terms of the vertical displacement and the range derivative of the horizontal displacement. These quantities are continuous across horizontal interfaces, which permits the use of Galerkin's method to discretize in depth. This implementation extends the capability of the elastic parabolic equation to handle arbitrary depth dependence and should lead to improvements for range-dependent problems. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jerzak, W (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM collins@noddy.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 6 BP 3497 EP 3503 DI 10.1121/1.1893245 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 934OQ UT WOS:000229718500021 PM 16018454 ER PT J AU Rumerman, ML AF Rumerman, ML TI Application of the rational function approximation to Wiener-Hopf calculations for fluid-loaded plates SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID JUNCTION AB This paper discusses the Wiener-Hopf analysis for the solution of fluid-loaded plate problems when the planar acoustic impedance is represented by a rational function approximation. With such a formulation, the factorization of the integrand kernel can immediately be written once the system poles are determined. The approach is applied to several representative problems, and the approximate results are shown to be in agreement with those of exact solutions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Ship Signatures Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rumerman, ML (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Ship Signatures Dept, Code 7204,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 6 BP 3517 EP 3523 DI 10.1121/1.1899883 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 934OQ UT WOS:000229718500023 PM 16018456 ER PT J AU Herdic, PC Houston, BH Marcus, MH Williams, EG Baz, AM AF Herdic, PC Houston, BH Marcus, MH Williams, EG Baz, AM TI The vibro-acoustic response and analysis of a full-scale aircraft fuselage section for interior noise reduction SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL-SHELL; VIBRATION; SOUND; TRANSMISSION; FLUID AB The surface and interior response of a Cessna Citation fuselage section under three different forcing functions (10-1000 Hz) is evaluated through spatially dense scanning measurements. Spatial Fourier analysis reveals that a point force applied to the stiffener grid provides a rich wavenumber response over a broad frequency range. The surface motion data show global structural modes (less than or similar to 150 Hz), superposition of global and local intrapanel responses (similar to 150-450 Hz), and intrapanel motion alone (greater than or similar to 450 Hz). Some evidence of Bloch wave motion is observed, revealing classical stop/pass bands associated with stiffener periodicity. The interior response (less than or similar to 150 Hz) is dominated by global structural modes that force the interior cavity. Local intrapanel responses (greater than or similar to 150 Hz) of the fuselage provide a broadband volume velocity source that strongly excites a high density of interior modes. Mode coupling between the structural response and the interior modes appears to be negligible due to a lack of frequency proximity and mismatches in the spatial distribution. A high degree-of-freedom finite element model of the fuselage section was developed as a predictive tool. The calculated response is in good agreement with the experimental result, yielding a general model development methodology for accurate prediction of structures with moderate to high complexity. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Herdic, PC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM herdic@code7136.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 6 BP 3667 EP 3678 DI 10.1121/1.1887125 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 934OQ UT WOS:000229718500037 PM 16018470 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Carder, DA Dear, R Belting, T McBain, J Dalton, L Ridgway, SH AF Finneran, JJ Carder, DA Dear, R Belting, T McBain, J Dalton, L Ridgway, SH TI Pure tone audiograms and possible aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SINGLE UNDERWATER IMPULSES; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; TEMPORARY SHIFT; WHITE WHALES; OTOTOXICITY; THRESHOLDS; SEA; SENSITIVITY AB A behavioral response paradigm was used to measure pure-tone hearing sensitivities in two belugas (Delphinapterus leucas). Tests were conducted over a 20-month period at the Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, in Tacoma, WA. Subjects were two males, aged 8- 10 and 9-11 during the course of the study. Subjects were born in an oceanarium and had been housed together for all of their lives. Hearing thresholds were measured using a modified up/down staircase procedure and. acoustic response paradigm where subjects were trained to produce audible responses to test tones and to remain quiet otherwise. Test frequencies ranged from approximately 2 to 130 kHz. Best sensitivities ranged from approximately 40 to 50 dB re 1 mu Pa at 50-80 kHz and 30-35 kHz for the two subjects. Although both subjects possessed traditional "U-shaped" mammalian audiograms, one subject exhibited significant high-frequency hearing loss above 37 kHz compared to previously published data for belugas. Hearing loss in this subject was estimated to approach 90 dB for frequencies above 50 kHz. Similar ages, ancestry, and environmental conditions between subjects, but a history of ototoxic drug administration in only one subject, suggest that the observed hearing loss was a result of the aminoglycoside antibiotic amikacin. C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Maritime Serv Div, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98466 USA. Sea World, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2351,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM james.finneran@navy.mil NR 46 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 6 BP 3936 EP 3943 DI 10.1121/1.1893354 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 934OQ UT WOS:000229718500062 PM 16018495 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN Forester, DW AF Monzon, C Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN Forester, DW TI Effect of rotational invariance on the monostatic characteristics of matched bodies SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; THEOREMS; SPHERE AB It is shown analytically and numerically that a matched epsilon = mu reciprocal object with rotational symmetry will not produce any backscattering when illuminated along the axis of symmetry unless the body is invariant under a rotation by 180 degrees. The purpose of this work is to generalize the monostatic theorem of Weston to arbitrary rotational symmetry, thereby providing a basic rule for scattering by complex bodies. The theory is illustrated by application to a few selected scatterers. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), SFA Inc, Dept NRL, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1035 EP 1041 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.22.001035 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 928WG UT WOS:000229301800003 PM 15984475 ER PT J AU Pearle, MS Lingeman, JE Leveillee, R Kuo, R Preminger, GM Nadler, RB Macaluso, J Monga, M Kumar, U Dushinski, J Albala, DM Wolf, JS Assimos, D Fabrizio, M Munch, LC Nakada, SY Auge, B Honey, J Ogan, K Pattaras, J McDougall, EM Averch, TD Turk, T Pietrow, P Watkins, S AF Pearle, MS Lingeman, JE Leveillee, R Kuo, R Preminger, GM Nadler, RB Macaluso, J Monga, M Kumar, U Dushinski, J Albala, DM Wolf, JS Assimos, D Fabrizio, M Munch, LC Nakada, SY Auge, B Honey, J Ogan, K Pattaras, J McDougall, EM Averch, TD Turk, T Pietrow, P Watkins, S TI Prospective, randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for lower pole caliceal calculi 1cm or less SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; kidney calculi; lithotripsy; ureteroscopy ID STONE CLEARANCE; RENAL CALCULI; MANAGEMENT; ANATOMY; URETEROPYELOSCOPY; NEPHROLITHIASIS; FRAGMENTS; IMPACT AB Purpose: The optimal management of lower pole renal calculi is controversial. We compared shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) for the treatment of patients with small lower pole stones in a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients with 1 cm or less isolated lower pole stones were randomized to SWL or URS. The primary outcome measure was stone-free rate on noncontrast computerized tomography at 3 months. Secondary outcome parameters were length of stay, complication rates, need for secondary procedures and patient derived quality of life measures. Results: A total of 67 patients randomized to SWL (32) or URS (35) completed treatment. The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, body mass index, side treated and stone surface area. Operative time was significantly shorter for SWL than URS (66 vs 90 minutes). At 3 months of followup 26 and 32 patients who underwent SWL and URS had radiographic followup that demonstrated a stone-free rate of 35% and 50%, respectively (p not significant). Intraoperative complications occurred in 1 SWL case (unable to target stone) and in 7 URS cases (failed access in 5 and perforation in 2), while postoperative complications occurred in 7 SWL and 7 URS cases. Patient derived quality of life measures favored SWL. Conclusions: This study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in stone-free rates between SWL and URS for the treatment of small lower pole renal calculi. However, SWL was associated with greater patient acceptance and shorter convalescence. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Urol, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Methodist Hosp, Inst Kidney Stone Dis, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Miami, Dept Urol, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Urol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Urol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Meadowcrest Hosp 5, Urol Inst New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Urol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Urol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Rockyview Hosp, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Div Urol, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. Univ Michigan, Dept Urol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Methodist Hosp, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Methodist Hosp, Inst Kidney Stone Dis, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Madison, WI USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Urol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Sect Surg, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Pearle, MS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Urol, SW Med Ctr, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM margaret.pearle@utsouthwestern.edu RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011; OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X; Macaluso, Joseph/0000-0001-7383-1321 NR 20 TC 169 Z9 176 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 173 IS 6 BP 2005 EP 2009 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000158458.51706.56 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 925KJ UT WOS:000229051700032 PM 15879805 ER PT J AU Stoops, CA AF Stoops, CA TI Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on oviposition of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; oviposition; Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis; attractant; repellent ID CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; FORMULATIONS; ATTRACTANTS; MOSQUITOS AB The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (B.t.i.) on the oviposition behavior of Aedes albopictus was evaluated in the field and laboratory in Clemson, SC, U.S.A. In the field, water taken from containers in which mosquito larvae were reared (conditioned water) was placed in 16 containers. Eight containers received 50 mu l of B.t.i., and eight with water only were kept as controls. In the laboratory, field-collected females of Ae. albopictits were placed in rearing chambers and provided two containers for oviposition, one with 50 mu l of B.t.i and one a control with water only. Eight cage experiments were conducted, five using filtered tap water and three with conditioned water. In the field over the 13 trials, more eggs were laid in the containers with B.t.i. although no significant difference was found in the number of eggs between the treatment and controls over 72 h. In the laboratory, more eggs were laid in the containers with B.t.i. versus the controls. The containers had filtered tap water and B.t.i. had significantly more eggs laid in them compared to the controls. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Stoops, CA (reprint author), US Embassy Jakarta Indonesia, USN Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132, NAMRU 2, FPO, AP 96250 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 941LO UT WOS:000230216500006 PM 16007954 ER PT J AU Huang, PW Farkas, T Zhong, WM Thornton, S Morrow, AL Xi, J AF Huang, PW Farkas, T Zhong, WM Thornton, S Morrow, AL Xi, J TI Norovirus and histo-blood group antigens: Demonstration of a wide spectrum of strain specificities and classification of two major binding groups among multiple binding patterns SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK VIRUS-INFECTION; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS OUTBREAKS; HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES; CAPSID PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; ABO; SEQUENCE; DISEASE; DOMAIN AB Noroviruses, an important cause of acute gastroenteritis, have been found to recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors. Four strain-specific binding patterns to HBGAs have been described in our previous report. In this study, we have extended the binding patterns to seven based on 14 noroviruses examined. The oligosaccharide-based assays revealed additional epitopes that were not detected by the saliva-based assays. The seven patterns have been classified into two groups according to their interactions with three major epitopes (A/B, H, and Lewis) of human HBGAs: the A/B-binding group and the Lewis-binding group. Strains in the A/B binding group recognize the A and/or B and H antigens, but not the Lewis antigens, while strains in the Lewis-binding group react only to the Lewis and/or H antigens. This classification also resulted in a model of the norovirus/HBGA interaction. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strains with identical or closely related binding patterns tend to be clustered, but strains in both binding group can be found in both genogroups I and II. Our results suggest that noroviruses have a wide spectrum of host range and that human HBGAs play an important role in norovirus evolution. The high polymorphism of the human HBGA system, the involvement of multiple epitopes, and the typical protein/carbohydrate interaction between norovirus VLPs and HBGAs provide an explanation for the virus-ligand binding diversities. C1 Childrens Hosp, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 6, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Xi, J (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Jason.Jiang@cchmc.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI37093-7, R01 AI037093]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD13021, P01 HD013021] NR 23 TC 207 Z9 233 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 11 BP 6714 EP 6722 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.11.6714-6722.2005 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 925WY UT WOS:000229085400014 PM 15890909 ER PT J AU Haes, AJ Hall, WP Van Duyne, RP AF Haes, AJ Hall, WP Van Duyne, RP TI Nanoscale plasmonics begins to unravel Alzheimer's disease SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; NANOPARTICLES; DEPENDENCE; RESONANCE AB An optical sensor based on localized surface-plasmon-resonance spectroscopy is designed to detect a variety of ligands, including a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease that is crucial in the development of an Alzheimer's clinical diagnostic test. C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Haes, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Div, Code 6112,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vanduyne@chem.northwestern.edu NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 105 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 935EA UT WOS:000229761100030 ER PT J AU Bissett, WP Arnone, R DeBra, S Dieterle, DA Dye, D Kirkpatrick, GJ Schofield, OM Vargo, GA AF Bissett, WP Arnone, R DeBra, S Dieterle, DA Dye, D Kirkpatrick, GJ Schofield, OM Vargo, GA TI Predicting the optical properties of the West Florida Shelf: resolving the potential impacts of a terrestrial boundary condition on the distribution of colored dissolved and particulate matter SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE inherent optical properties; CDOM; ecological modeling; terrestrial nutrients; non-Redfield ratios; biogeochemical processes; USA; Florida; Gulf of Mexico; West Florida Shelf ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; ORGANIC-MATTER; SARGASSO SEA; MARINE SYNECHOCOCCUS; RED-TIDE; BIOOPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB Predicting the distribution of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) in the water column requires predicting the physical, chemical, biological, and optical interactions in a common framework that facilitates feedback responses. This work focuses on the development of ecological and optical interaction equations embedded in a 2D hindcast model of the shallow water optical properties on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) during late summer/fall of 1998. This 2D simulation of the WFS includes one case with a Loop Current intrusion above the 40-m isobath and one with the Loop Current intrusion in addition to a periodic terrestrial nutrient supply below the 10-m isobath. The ecological and optical interaction equations are an expansion of a previously developed model for open ocean conditions (Bissett, W.P., Carder, K.L., Walsh, J.J., Dieterle, D.A., 1999a. Carbon cycling in the upper waters of the Sargasso Sea: II. Numerical simulation of apparent and inherent optical properties. Deep-Sea Research, Part 1: Oceanographic Research Papers, 46 (2), 271-317; Bissett, W.P., Walsh, J.J., Dieterle, D.A., Carder, K.L., 1999b. Carbon cycling in the upperwaters of the Sargasso Sea: I. Numerical simulation of differential carbon and nitrogen fluxes. Deep-Sea Research, Part 1: Oceanographic Research Papers, 46 (2), 205-269). The expansion includes an increase in the number of elemental pools to include silica, phosphorus, and iron, an increase in the number of phytoplankton functional groups, and a redevelopment of the Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) interaction equations. It was determined from this simulation that while the Loop Current alone was able to predict the water column conditions present during the summer, the Loop Current alone was not enough to simulate the magnitude of optical constituents present in the fall of 1998 when compared to satellite imagery. Simulating terrestrial inorganic and organic nutrients and CDOM pulses coinciding with significant meteorological events and high freshwater pulses released from the major rivers feeding the WFS were required to accurately predict the distribution and scale of the inherent optical proper-ties at the surface during the fall months. Modeling the in situ light field for phytoplankton growth and community competition requires addressing the CDOM optical constituent explicitly. The majority of the annually modeled CDOM on WFS was created via in situ production; however, it was also rapidly removed via advection and photochemical destruction. A pulse of terrestrial nutrient and organic color was required to simulate the dramatic changes in surface color seen in satellite imagery on the WFS. The dynamics of the biogeochemical portion of the simulation demonstrate the importance of nonstoichiometric supplies of terrestrial nutrients on the WFS to the prediction of nutrient and CDOM fluxes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Environm Res, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Bissett, WP (reprint author), Florida Environm Res, 4807 Bayshore Blvd,Suite 101, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM pbissett@flenvironmental.org OI schofield, oscar/0000-0003-2359-4131 NR 105 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 EI 1872-7581 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.09.007 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 934GO UT WOS:000229695100004 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Cornelius, M Wagstaff, M AF Chu, PC Cornelius, M Wagstaff, M TI Effect of suspended sediment on acoustic detection using reverberation SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPEED; SOUND; SEAWATER; WATER; EQUATIONS AB Sonar operates by ensonifying a broad swath of the seabed using a line array of acoustic projectors with acoustic backscattering from the ensonified sediment. The suspended sediment layer affects the sonar imagery through the volume scattering strength. Understanding the acoustic characteristics of the suspended sediment layer can aid the Navy in detecting sea mines with, sonar imagery. In this study, the Navy's Comprehen sive Acoustic Simulation System it used to investigate such an effect. A range of critical values of volume scattering strength for buried object detection is found through repeated model simulations. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 952WB UT WOS:000231035300014 ER PT J AU Oh-Ishi, K McNelley, TR AF Oh-Ishi, K McNelley, TR TI The influence of friction stir processing parameters on microstructure of as-cast NiAl bronze SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; ULTRAHIGH CARBON-STEELS; NICKEL-ALUMINUM BRONZE; BANDED MICROSTRUCTURE; WELDS; ALLOY; RECRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB The influence of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters on the evolution of microstructure in an equilibrium-cooled, as-cast NiAl bronze (NAB) material was evaluated by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. A threaded pin tool was employed and tool rotation and traversing rates were varied in order to examine the spatial variation of stir zone microstructures in relation to FSP parameters. For processing at low rotation and traversing rates, the microstructure throughout the stir zone consists of elongated and banded grains of the primary α and transformation products of the β phase. Such microstructures reflect severe deformation at temperatures up to &SIM; 900 &DEG; C in the α + β two-phase region for this NAB material. Increasing rotation and traversing rates, coarse Widmanstatten α near the surface in contact with the tool became apparent. The appearance of this constituent reflects nearly complete transformation to β during FSP with peak temperatures of &SIM; 1000 &DEG; C. Also, complex stir zone flow patterns, often referred to as onion ring structures, become distinct in the mid regions of the stir zones as rotation and traversing rates increase. Schematic representations illustrating the effect of FSP parameters on thermal cycles at various locations in stir zones were prepared based on microstructure observations. Thus, processing at higher rotation and traversing rates results in higher peak temperatures near the surface in contact with the tool but also in steeper temperature gradients when compared to lower rotation and traversing rates. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oh-Ishi, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu NR 35 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 16 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1585 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0249-2 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 932EM UT WOS:000229537000019 ER PT J AU Stone, RS AF Stone, Robert S. TI Pito Perez: Mexican middleman SO MEXICAN STUDIES-ESTUDIOS MEXICANOS LA English DT Article ID LA 'VIDA-INUTIL-DE-PITO-PEREZ' AB This article situates the popular picaresque novel La vida inutil de Pito Perez (1938) in its context of literary and social history. As a comic text, the novel engages readers of all kinds in an attempt to foment change, despite the shortcomings of the protagonist and the revolution through which he lives. The work ensures the survival of the picaro in Mexico as a sardonic hero who, nonetheless, will not wholly abandon revolutionary ideals and, indeed, wishes to pass these on to the growing middle class that spawned both Pito Perez and his more fortunate author, J. Ruben Romero. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0742-9797 J9 MEX STUD JI Mex. Stud.-Estud. Mex. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 369 EP 402 DI 10.1525/msem.2005.21.2.369 PG 34 WC History SC History GA 072TB UT WOS:000239694800004 ER PT J AU Krzyszton-Russjan, J Empel, J Leski, T Gniadkowski, M Hryniewicz, W AF Krzyszton-Russjan, J Empel, J Leski, T Gniadkowski, M Hryniewicz, W TI Clonal structure of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) population in poland: Revision and update SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC BACKGROUNDS; PANDEMIC CLONES; SPREAD; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; COMMUNITY; STRAINS; PORTUGAL; SEQUENCE; CRITERIA AB The clonal structure of the methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) population in Poland has been analyzed in several reports since the mid-1990s. The present study was performed on 253 MRSA isolates (146 archival and 107 new isolates) recovered in 26 hospitals between 1990 and 2001. Whereas all isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the analysis of the ClaI::mecA and ClaI::Tn554 RFLP polymorphism, selected isolates were also subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) comparisons. Based on the PFGE data, 15 MRSA clones were discerned, seven of which were observed in multiple hospitals. Five of these were related to the pandemic Hungarian (MLST clonal complex, CC8), Iberian (CC8), Pediatric (CC5), Mexican (CC30), and Brazilian clones (CC8). MLST confirmed the earlier reports on the similarity of the Hungarian and Brazilian clones, and it revealed that one of the two remaining epidemic clones was related to the Hungarian/Brazilian, and the other- to the Berlin clones. A local strain from the Northeastern part of the country was found to be similar to a minor Greek clone. The MRSA clonal structure and the increasing complexity of the relationships between the genetic and phenotypic traits of this micro-organism in Poland has now been firmly established. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, PL-00725 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hryniewicz, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Chelmska 30-34, PL-00725 Warsaw, Poland. EM waleria@cls.edu.pl RI Hryniewicz, Waleria/J-3168-2012; Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013 OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1089/mdr.2005.11.127 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 928YQ UT WOS:000229308400007 PM 15910226 ER PT J AU Robinson, GE AF Robinson, GE TI Occupied by memory: The Intifada generation and the Palestinian state of emergency SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 493 EP 494 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 946XI UT WOS:000230606200014 ER PT J AU Paine, GF Bonnema, CL Stambaugh, TA Capacchione, JF Sipe, PS AF Paine, GF Bonnema, CL Stambaugh, TA Capacchione, JF Sipe, PS TI Anesthesia services aboard USNS COMFORT (T-AH-20) during Operation Iraqi Freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB USNS COMFORT (T-AH-20), the only U.S. hospital ship to be deployed in support of combat operations during Operation Iraqi Freedom, sailed from Baltimore, Maryland, on January 6, 2003, and returned on June 12, 2003. During the course of her deployment, 648 anesthetic procedures were performed. We describe the anesthesia services provided, lessons learned, and recommendations for future concepts of employment. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Anesthesiol, Pensacola, FL USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Anesthesiol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Paine, GF (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 6 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JM UT WOS:000235831400008 PM 16001595 ER PT J AU Stevens, B Moeng, CH Ackerman, AS Bretherton, CS Chlond, A De Roode, S Edwards, J Golaz, JC Jiang, HL Khairoutdinov, M Kirkpatrick, MP Lewellen, DC Lock, A Muller, F Stevens, DE Whelan, E Zhu, P AF Stevens, B Moeng, CH Ackerman, AS Bretherton, CS Chlond, A De Roode, S Edwards, J Golaz, JC Jiang, HL Khairoutdinov, M Kirkpatrick, MP Lewellen, DC Lock, A Muller, F Stevens, DE Whelan, E Zhu, P TI Evaluation of large-Eddy simulations via observations of nocturnal marine stratocumulus SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; ADVECTION SCHEME; MIXED LAYERS; NUMERICAL-MODELS; STRONG INVERSION; TURBULENT-FLOW; CLOUD; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITIES AB Data from the first research flight (RF01) of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study are used to evaluate the fidelity with which large-eddy simulations (LESs) can represent the turbulent structure of stratocumulus-topped boundary layers. The initial data and forcings for this case placed it in an interesting part of parameter space, near the boundary where cloud-top mixing is thought to render the cloud layer unstable on the one hand, or tending toward a decoupled structure on the other hand. The basis of this evaluation consists of sixteen 4-h simulations from 10 modeling centers over grids whose vertical spacing was 5 m at the cloud-top interface and whose horizontal spacing was 35 m. Extensive sensitivity studies of both the configuration of the case and the numerical setup also enhanced the analysis. Overall it was found that (i) if efforts are made to reduce spurious mixing at cloud top, either by refining the vertical grid or limiting the effects of the subgrid model in this region, then the observed turbulent and thermodynamic structure of the layer can be reproduced with some fidelity; (ii) the base, or native configuration of most simulations greatly overestimated mixing at cloud top, tending toward a decoupled layer in which cloud liquid water path and turbulent intensities were grossly underestimated; (iii) the sensitivity of the simulations to the representation of mixing at cloud top is, to a certain extent, amplified by particulars of this case. Overall the results suggest that the use of LESs to map out the behavior of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer in this interesting region of parameter space requires a more compelling representation of processes at cloud top. In the absence of significant leaps in the understanding of subgrid-scale (SGS) physics, such a representation can only be achieved by a significant refinement in resolution-a refinement that, while conceivable given existing resources, is probably still beyond the reach of most centers. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. IBM Business Consulting Serv, Boulder, CO USA. CNR, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Engn, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. W Virginia Univ, MAE Dept, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Stevens, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave,Box 951565, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bstevens@atmos.ucla.edu RI Lewellen, David/B-1453-2008; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; de Roode, Stephan/J-8611-2012; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; de Roode, Stephan/0000-0003-3217-8009; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Kirkpatrick, Michael/0000-0002-7157-6440 NR 46 TC 241 Z9 242 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1443 EP 1462 DI 10.1175/MWR2930.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938UD UT WOS:000230028000003 ER PT J AU Shenoy, DK Barger, WR Singh, A Panchal, RG Misakian, M Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ AF Shenoy, DK Barger, WR Singh, A Panchal, RG Misakian, M Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ TI Functional reconstitution of protein ion channels into planar polymerizable phospholipid membranes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-TOXIN; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; LIPID-BILAYERS; PORE; MOLECULES; DISCRIMINATION; BIOSENSOR; HEMOLYSIN AB We demonstrate that polymerizable planar membranes permit reconstitution of protein ion channels formed by the bacterial toxins Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin (alpha HL) and Bacillus anthracis protective antigen 63. The alpha HL channel remained functional even after membrane polymerization. Surface pressure measurements suggest that the ease of forming membranes depends on membrane surface elasticity estimated from Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer pressure-area isotherms. The ability to stabilize nanoscale pores in robust ultrathin films may prove useful in single molecule sensing applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIST, Adv Chem Sci Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dshenoy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1185 DI 10.1021/nl050481q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900034 PM 15943465 ER PT J AU Tran, NE Lambrakos, SG AF Tran, NE Lambrakos, SG TI Purification and defect elimination of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the thermal reduction technique SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODE AB A thermal reduction (TR) technique is used to purify single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and to reduce chemical defects from their lattice structure. This technique is mainly comprised of two processes, high-temperature reactions of raw SWNTs in a pressurized hydrogen chamber followed by a slow annealing under vacuum. Analyses by TEM, TGA, XRF, and XRD of SWNT samples before and after the purification,reveal that over 90% of the carbonaceous impurities formed during the syntheses of SWNTs (by carbon arc, laser ablation, and HiPCO) are eliminated. Post-purification IR spectroscopic analyses show no evidence of hydrogen in the SWNT samples and AFM studies suggest that the samples contain very few chemical defects. In addition, analyses by TEM and Raman spectroscopy do not reveal any significant structural damage of the SWNTs purified by the TR technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tran, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nicktran@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 639 EP 646 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/6/004 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 940KZ UT WOS:000230144700004 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Uyeda, HT Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, IL Uyeda, HT Goldman, ER Mattoussi, H TI Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging, labelling and sensing SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO; FLUORESCENT NANOCRYSTALS; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; TAGGED PROTEINS; LIVE CELLS; LONG-TERM; LUMINESCENT; CDSE AB One of the fastest moving and most exciting interfaces of nanotechnology is the use of quantum dots (QDs) in biology. The unique optical properties of QDs make them appealing as in vivo and in vitro fluorophores in a variety of biological investigations, in which traditional fluorescent labels based on organic molecules fall short of providing long-term stability and simultaneous detection of multiple signals. The ability to make QDs water soluble and target them to specific biomolecules has led to promising applications in cellular labelling, deep-tissue imaging, assay labelling and as efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors. Despite recent progress, much work still needs to be done to achieve reproducible and robust surface functionalization and develop flexible bioconjugation techniques. In this review, we look at current methods for preparing QD bioconjugates as well as presenting an overview of applications. The potential of QDs in biology has just begun to be realized and new avenues will arise as our ability to manipulate these materials improves. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Naval Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; Hedimat@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 99 TC 3572 Z9 3688 U1 288 U2 2385 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 435 EP 446 DI 10.1038/nmat1390 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 931RL UT WOS:000229502700008 PM 15928695 ER PT J AU Holden, R AF Holden, R TI Engineering the total ship: A system perspective on warships SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper describes warships as manmade systems. A discussion of systems in terms of their characteristics and behavior is given and used as a foundation for a perspective of a warship as an integrated whole and an element of the naval force. The symposium series titled "Engineering the Total Ship" is used as a source of technical material to describe warships, naval operations, and the Navy organization. A system perspective is provided that defines warships as an integrated whole made up of interacting parts. The relationship of the Navy organization to the characteristics of warships is discussed. C1 USN, Dahlgren Div Naval Sea Syst Command, Dahlgren, VA USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2005.tb00362.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 979KZ UT WOS:000232942200009 ER PT J AU You, W Dainty, LA Rose, GS Krivak, T McHale, MT Olsen, CH Elkas, JC AF You, W Dainty, LA Rose, GS Krivak, T McHale, MT Olsen, CH Elkas, JC TI Gynecologic malignancies in women aged less than 25 years SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOLOGY; CANCER; TUMORS AB OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of gynecologic malignancies in patients 25 years of age or younger. METHODS: The Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR), the cancer registry for the Department of Defense, was used to identify children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with gynecologic malignancies. Specifically, primary ovarian, uterine, cervical, vaginal, and vulvar malignancies diagnosed between 1990 and 2002 were included in the analysis. Data from the Department of Defense tumor registry were then compared with results obtained from the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Report (SEER) program database. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-one cases were identified in the Department of Defense tumor registry. The most common primary site was ovary, with 116 cases (46%), followed by cervix, with 108 cases (43%). The most common histological types were germ cell (35%) for ovary, squamous cell (52%) for cervix, choriocarcinoma, (18%) for uterus, and squamous cell (30%) for vulva/vagina. The 21- to 25-year-old age group had the greatest number of cases for the entire cohort (23%). Most patients had only local disease at time of diagnosis, and the 5-year survival percentage was 86% (95% confidence interval 80-91) for all patients with ovarian and cervical carcinoma. Data from the SEER program demonstrated a similar distribution and incidence pattern. CONCLUSION: The ovary and cervix are the most common primary sites of gynecologic malignancies in patients 25 years of age or younger. Health maintenance programs for patients in this age group should continue to include pelvic exams and Pap test screening. (c) 2005 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Elkas, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM john.elkas@na.amedd.army.mil NR 12 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1409 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000163254.98217.91 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 929QQ UT WOS:000229361200020 PM 15932836 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Lanneau, GS AF Magann, EF Lanneau, GS TI Third stage of labor SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID UMBILICAL-CORD LENGTH; POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; BLOOD-VOLUME; RISK-FACTORS; 3RD STAGE; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; PREGNANCY; MANAGEMENT; OXYTOCIN; DELIVERY AB Labor traditionally has been compartmentalized into three distinct stages [1]. The first stage of labor encompasses the latent and active phases of labor, and the length of this stage is a function of parity. The second stage begins with complete cervical dilation and effacement and ends with delivery of the infant. The third stage of labor is the amount of time between delivery of the infant and delivery of the placenta. The mean length of time is 6 minutes, and the ninety-seventh percentile is 30 minutes [2]. The amount of time from neonatal delivery to placental delivery is important because a direct relationship has been observed between that time interval and the risk of significant maternal morbidity. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM efmagann@mar.med.navy.mil NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8545 J9 OBSTET GYN CLIN N AM JI Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 323 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ogc.2005.01.006 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 936QN UT WOS:000229870600014 PM 15899364 ER PT J AU Ismail, ASA Quinn, MG Wright, MA Ernst, A Kao, V Grogan, L Parr, A Grollman, F Kirsch, IR Grem, JL AF Ismail, ASA Quinn, MG Wright, MA Ernst, A Kao, V Grogan, L Parr, A Grollman, F Kirsch, IR Grem, JL TI A phase II and pharmacologic study of fluorouracil given by a 1-hour infusion daily for 5 days with leucovorin and interferon alpha-2a in adenocarcinoma of the large bowel SO ONCOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE fluorouracil; leucovorin; interferon alpha-2a; large bowel; adenocarcinoma ID METASTATIC COLORECTAL-CANCER; SURGICAL ADJUVANT BREAST; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; COLON-CANCER; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE; REPLICATION ERROR; ORAL CAPECITABINE; PREDICTIVE VALUE; DOSE LEUCOVORIN; PLUS LEUCOVORIN AB We have reported that increasing the length of infusion from 5 min to 1 h appeared to substantially reduce the toxicity associated with fluorouracil (5-FU) modulated by leucovorin (LV) and interferon α-2a (IFN-α.). This phase II study assessed the antitumor efficacy of this regimen. Patients (n=38) with colorectal cancer received IFN-α 5 MU/m(2) SC on days 1-6; on days 2-6, LV 200 mg/m(2) IV was given with 5-FU at initial doses of 370-425 mg/m(2)/h. The regimen was well-tolerated with no grade 4 toxicity. At 425 mg/m(2) 5-FU, grade 3 toxicities included diarrhea (8.6%), anorexia, fever and fatigue (5.7% each), neutropenia and nausea/vomiting (2.9% each). Individuals tolerated 5-FU doses up to 644 mg/m(2). Objective responses occurred in 27% of 37 patients; median time to progression and survival were 6.1 and 12.9 months. Only 1 of 25 informative tumor samples had high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI), while 7 of 23 assessable patients (30%) with MSI-negative tumors had an objective response. With 425 mg/m(2), the average 5-FU Cp and AUC(0-1 h) were 37.4 μ M and 1161 μ M/h. Some 6 patients had extended sampling, and the half-lives of 5-FU and FBAL (apparent) were 8.6 and 100.0 min, respectively. A 1-h infusion of 5-FU is well tolerated; individual dose escalation of 5-FU allows each patient to receive the maximum tolerable dose. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Natl Canc Inst, Canc Therapeut Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Natl Canc Inst, Med Oncol Clin Res Unit, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Natl Canc Inst, Canc Genet Branch,Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Grem, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Sect, 600 S 42nd St, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM jgrem@unmc.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1021-335X J9 ONCOL REP JI Oncol. Rep. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1152 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 925MN UT WOS:000229057300022 PM 15870935 ER PT J AU Stewart, AE Palma, JR Amsberry, JK AF Stewart, AE Palma, JR Amsberry, JK TI Cervicofacial actinomycosis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Plast Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Stewart, AE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM aestewart@pol.net NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 132 IS 6 BP 957 EP 959 DI 10.1016/j.tohns.2004.07.008 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 935OD UT WOS:000229790700026 PM 15944572 ER PT J AU Gwara, J AF Gwara, J TI The British book trade and Spanish American independence; Education and knowledge transmission in transcontinental perspective. SO PAPERS OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gwara, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOC AMER PI NEW YORK PA PO BOX 1537 LENOX HILL STATION, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0006-128X J9 PAP BIBLIOGR SOC AM JI Pap. Bibliogra. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 99 IS 2 BP 342 EP 344 PG 3 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 935BX UT WOS:000229755100015 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Singh, DJ AF Johannes, MD Singh, DJ TI Crystal structure and electric field gradients of PbZrO(3) from density functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; ANTIFERROELECTRIC PBZRO3; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; X-RAY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDER PARAMETERS; 1ST PRINCIPLES; SOLID-SOLUTION AB The crystal structure of antiferroelectric PbZrO(3) is reexamined using density functional calculations. These confirm the difference in oxygen positions from early neutron scattering results but are in good agreement with more recent neutron scattering studies. There are small but significant changes in cation positions from previous density functional studies in which they were held fixed. Calculated electric field gradients and pair distribution functions are reported. The results are discussed in relation to the instabilities of the perovskite lattice and the competition between A-site driven ferroelectricity and octahedral rotation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johannes, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 212101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.212101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600001 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Mazin, II Singh, DJ AF Johannes, MD Mazin, II Singh, DJ TI Three-dimensional magnetic interactions in NaxCoO2: First-principles calculations and analysis of exchange mechanisms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; WAVE AB The puzzle of three-dimensional magnetic interactions in the structurally two-dimensional layered-oxide NaxCoO2 is addressed using first-principles calculations and an analysis of the exchange mechanisms. The calculations agree with recent neutron results, favoring the antiferromagnetic stacking of ferromagnetic planes. The superexchange via direct O-O hopping and through intermediate Na sp(2) hybrids couples each Co to its nearest and six next-nearest interplanar neighbors via equivalent paths. The individual exchange constants are rather two-dimensional, like the lattice itself, but due to multiple c-axis exchange paths, the magnetism becomes effectively three-dimensional. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214410 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600047 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Johari-Goldstein secondary relaxation in methylated alkanes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SLOW BETA-PROCESS; COUPLING MODEL; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ALPHA-RELAXATION; LENGTH SCALE; FORMERS; TRANSITION; NMR AB Dielectric relaxation measurements of the methylated alkanes, 3-methylpentane, 3-methylheptane, 4-methylheptane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, and 2,4,6-trimethylheptane by S. Shahriari, A. Mandanici, L-M Wang, and R. Richert [J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8960 (2004)] have found a primary alpha relaxation of these glass-forming liquids and a slow secondary beta relaxation that are in close proximity to each other on the frequency scale. These glass formers have one or more methyl groups individually attached to various carbons on the alkane chain. They cannot contribute to such a slow secondary relaxation. Hence the observed secondary relaxations is not intramolecular in origin and, similar to secondary relaxations found in rigid molecules by Johari and Goldstein, they are potentially important in the consideration of a mechanism for the glass transition. These secondary relaxations in the methylated alkanes are special and belong to the class of Johari-Goldstein in a generalized sense. The coupling model has predicted that its primitive relaxation time should be approximately the same as the relaxation time of the secondary relaxation if the latter is of the Johari-Goldstein kind. This prediction has been shown to hold in many other glass formers. The published data of the methylated alkanes provide an opportunity to test this prediction once more. The results of this work confirm the prediction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214201 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600029 ER PT J AU Cellucci, CJ Albano, AM Rapp, PE AF Cellucci, CJ Albano, AM Rapp, PE TI Statistical validation of mutual information calculations: Comparison of alternative numerical algorithms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STRANGE ATTRACTORS; TRANSMISSION; ENTROPY; SYSTEMS AB Given two time series X and Y, their mutual information, I(X, Y)= I(Y, X), is the average number of bits of X that can be predicted by measuring Y and vice versa. In the analysis of observational data, calculation of mutual information occurs in three contexts: identification of nonlinear correlation, determination of an optimal sampling interval, particularly when embedding data, and in the investigation of causal relationships with directed mutual information. In this contribution a minimum description length argument is used to determine the optimal number of elements to use when characterizing the distributions of X and Y. However, even when using partitions of the X and Y axis indicated by minimum description length, mutual information calculations performed with a uniform partition of the XY plane can give misleading results. This motivated the construction of an algorithm for calculating mutual information that uses an adaptive partition. This algorithm also incorporates an explicit test of the statistical independence of X and Y in a calculation that returns an assessment of the corresponding null hypothesis. The previously published Fraser-Swinney algorithm for calculating mutual information includes a sophisticated procedure for local adaptive control of the partitioning process. When the Fraser and Swinney algorithm and the algorithm constructed here are compared, they give very similar numerical results (less than 4% difference in a typical application). Detailed comparisons are possible when X and Y are correlated jointly Gaussian distributed because an analytic expression for I(X, Y) can be derived for that case. Based on these tests, three conclusions can be drawn. First, the algorithm constructed here has an advantage over the Fraser-Swinney algorithm in providing an explicit calculation of the probability of the null hypothesis that X and Y are independent. Second, the Fraser-Swinney algorithm is marginally the more accurate of the two algorithms when large data sets are used. With smaller data sets, however, the Fraser-Swinney algorithm reports structures that disappear when more data are available. Third, the algorithm constructed here requires about 0.5% of the computation time required by the Fraser-Swinney algorithm. C1 Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Undersea Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. RP Albano, AM (reprint author), Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. EM aalbano@brynmawr.edu NR 33 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 066208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.066208 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 942IB UT WOS:000230275000053 PM 16089850 ER EF