FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Wang, WH Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power optimization of an endoreversible closed intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; Brayton cycle; intercooled; regenerated; power; optimization ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; MAXIMUM POWER; DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; ENGINE; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, power is optimized for an endoreversible closed intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs in the viewpoint of finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM). The effects of some design parameters, including the cycle heat reservoir temperature ratio and total heat exchanger inventory, on the maximum power and the corresponding efficiency are analyzed by numerical examples. The analysis shows that the cycle dimensionless power can be optimized by searching the optimum heat conductance distributions among the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers, the regenerator and the intercooler for fixed total heat exchanger inventory, and by searching the optimum intercooling pressure ratio. When the optimization is performed with respect to the total pressure ratio of the cycle, the maximum dimensionless power can be maximized again. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lingenchen@hotmail.com NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2004.06.002 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 876PS UT WOS:000225510100009 ER PT S AU Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Thermal and kinetic studies of trialkylimidazolium salts SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID THERMOGRAVIMETRIC DATA; IONIC LIQUIDS; DEGRADATION AB The thermal properties of trialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been determined using a flashpoint apparatus and the technique of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Using a Setaflash flashpoint analyzer, all the salts studied were found to have flashpoints above 200 degrees C. TGA was utilized to study the decomposition of imidazolium based RTILs. The effects of C-2 hydrogen substitution, structural isomerism, alkyl chain length, anion type, and purge gas type is discussed. The decomposition kinetics of 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was investigated using TGA. The global kinetic model and TGA Arrhenius parameters have been determined by employing both constant heating rate and isothermal programs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fox@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 901 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700015 ER PT B AU Lombardi, M Fliflet, AW Lewis, D Bruce, RW Choi, JS Bruce, RL Kahn, M Foster, S AF Lombardi, M Fliflet, AW Lewis, D Bruce, RW Choi, JS Bruce, RL Kahn, M Foster, S GP IEEE TI Millimeter-wave sintering of polycrystalline ceramic laser materials SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab AB We are investigating the millimeter-wave sintering of polycrystalline ceramic laser materials. The objective is to produce materials with optical quality comparable to that of single crystals. Advantages of polycrystalline laser materials are expected to include high thermal conductivity, flexible dopant concentration, reasonable cost, and shorter processing times. Results for Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) and Yttrium Oxide will be presented. Studies have been done at 83 GHz, with a Gycom, Ltd. Gyrotron. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lombardi, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bruce, Robert/F-6548-2016 OI Bruce, Robert/0000-0002-5574-5603 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 231 EP 232 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000118 ER PT B AU Gordon, DF Ting, A Sprangle, P Fischer, R Kapetanakos, CA Zigler, A AF Gordon, DF Ting, A Sprangle, P Fischer, R Kapetanakos, CA Zigler, A GP IEEE TI Terahertz radiation from optical rectification of a modulated laser pulse SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab AB A novel terahertz source has been developed based on a hybrid of optical rectification and difference frequency generation. The optical pulse from a titanium:sapphire laser system is stretched and modulated using a spatial filtering technique to produce a several picosecond long pulse modulated at the terahertz frequency. A type II phase matched interaction is realized via angle tuning in a gallium selenide crystal. A liquid helium cooled silicon bolometer was used to establish a lower bound of 2 kW on the peak power observed at 1.1 THz. Tunability was demonstrated between 0.7 and 2.0 THz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 245 EP 246 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000125 ER PT B AU Lombardi, M Fliflet, AW Bruce, RW Lewis, D Eisinger, SB Orlov, VB Kinkead, AK AF Lombardi, M Fliflet, AW Bruce, RW Lewis, D Eisinger, SB Orlov, VB Kinkead, AK GP IEEE TI Optimized operation of an 83 GHz, 15 kW CW Gycom, Ltd. Gyrotron in a material processing system SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab ID DESIGN AB A Gycom, Ltd. 83 GHz gyrotron is currently being used at the Naval Research Laboratory for material processing applications. We report the results of experimental and theoretical studies performed in order to obtain higher precision in the control of the output power and to improve the efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lombardi, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 389 EP 390 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000197 ER PT B AU Hornstein, MK Fliflet, AW Gold, SH AF Hornstein, MK Fliflet, AW Gold, SH GP IEEE TI Design of a step-tunable THz kilowatt gyrotron oscillator SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab ID GHZ AB We present the design for a kilowatt step-tunable terahertz gyrotron oscillator. Using a high field magnet, several kilowatts of power are expected to be generated up to 500 GHz and hundreds of watts from 500 to 1,000 GHz, through operation in several fundamental and second harmonic modes. Application areas include materials processing, biochemistry, imaging, plasma diagnostics, and remote sensing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hornstein, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 393 EP 394 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000199 ER PT B AU Qiao, Y Berzins, V Luqi AF Qiao, Y Berzins, V Luqi BE Selvaraj, H Srimani, PK TI FCD: A framework for compositional development in open embedded systems SO ITCC 2005: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: CODING AND COMPUTING, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Information Technology - Coding and Computing CY APR 04-06, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE DE open embedded systems; framework; partition; schedule; synthesis AB In open embedded systems, configuration changes are likely to have negative impact on the certified properties of existing component systems. Although many design methodologies have been proposed for building open embedded systems in recent years, none of them provides an efficient way to enable reuse of certified components of resource-sensitive systems without repeating the performance and scheduling analysis that guarantees critical timing and behavioral properties of systems. To tackle this problem, in this paper we present a framework for compositional development of open embedded systems, called FCD. This framework uses processor partition to reduce the interdependency of applications and provides a set of synthesis methods to isolate the certified properties of unchanged components of the system from configuration changes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yqiao@nps.edu; Berzins@nps.edu; luqi@nps.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2315-3 PY 2005 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1109/ITCC.2005.152 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BCH21 UT WOS:000229281900078 ER PT J AU Tai, TC AF Tai, TC TI Fuel jet spread modeling for numerical of aircraft fuel dumping simulation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 21st Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 23, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB analytical jet spread model has been developed for determining the boundary of an axisymmetric jet ejecting into a two-fluid, coflowing stream. When the circumferential velocity of the jet is assumed to be small, the model can be coupled with the conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for simulation of the fuel dumping from an aircraft. Application of the model is demonstrated by considering the fuel dumping from a V-22 aircraft flying at Mach 0.345 and angles of attack from 7 and 16 deg. The model provides a first-order correction to the CFD simulated results with the jet dispersion boundaries to yield an integrated solution that represents a realistic aircraft fuel dumping environment. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Tai, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM taitc@nswccd.navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.2514/1.4958 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 896TT UT WOS:000226957300026 ER PT J AU Floyd, L Newmark, J Cook, J Herring, L McMullin, D AF Floyd, L Newmark, J Cook, J Herring, L McMullin, D TI Solar EUV and UV spectral irradiances and solar indices SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Solar Activity Forcing of the Middle Atmosphere CY SEP 15-18, 2003 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Republic, Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys DE solar indices; UV; EUV; spectral irradiance ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; ACTIVE-REGION EVOLUTION; TIME-SERIES; BACKSCATTERED ULTRAVIOLET; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; EMISSION MEASURE; UARS SOLSTICE; FLUX; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION AB Several experiments have measured solar EUV/UV flux in the last 10-15 years including SUSIM UARS. SOHO CELIAS SEM, and SOHO EIT and have generated multi-year spectral irradiance time series. Empirical models of these important sources of radiant energy are often based on solar activity proxies, most often. the solar 10.7 cm radio flux (F-10.7). The short- and long-term correspondence of four solar activity index time series International Sunspot Number, the the He 1083 Equivalent Width, F-10.7. and the Mg II core-to-wing ratio are analyzed. All of these show well-correlated long-term behavior with F-10.7 and Mg II showing the greatest long-term agreement among all of the index pairs. However, during the recent maximum period of solar cycle 23, both the ISN and He 1083 have diverged significantly from the others. Recent UV and EUV measurements are compared with Mg II and F10.7 to assess their value as solar activity proxies. In every case, Mg II was found to correlate more strongly than F-10.7 with the UV and EUV time series which correspond to a range of solar atmospheric temperatures of 4000K-2 MK. This correspondence indicates that the mechanisms underlying irradiances changes from upper photospheric chromospheric. transition region. and lower coronal solar atmospheric layers are closely linked. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Floyd, L (reprint author), Interferometr Inc, 14120 Pk Long Court, Chantilly, VA USA. EM linton.floyd@nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.07.013 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 887YM UT WOS:000226341400002 ER PT J AU Stewart, DJ Lambert, EW Stack, KM Pellegrini, J Unger, DV Hood, RJ AF Stewart, DJ Lambert, EW Stack, KM Pellegrini, J Unger, DV Hood, RJ TI The effect of intra-articular methadone on postoperative pain following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID MORPHINE; REPAIR; RELIEF AB Background: Intra-articular narcotics have proven efficacy for providing pain relief following knee arthroscopy. This effect is short-lived. Methadone, with its long serum half-life (thirty-five hours, compared with two hours for morphine) could provide improved and prolonged pain relief. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an intra-articular injection of methadone on postoperative analgesia following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: Sixty-five skeletally mature patients undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were randomly assigned to one of three groups, all of which received an intra-articular injection consisting of 9.5 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine at the completion of the procedure. In addition, the remaining 0.5 mL of the syringe was filled with one of three substances. The study group (twenty-five patients) received 5 mg of methadone, the comparison group (twenty-one patients) received 5 mg of morphine, and the control group (nineteen patients) received 0.5 mL of saline solution. All supplemental pain medications were given on an as-needed basis, recorded, and converted to morphine equivalents. Specific variables that were measured included supplemental analgesia requirements during both the inpatient period and the outpatient period (from the time of discharge to the seventh postoperative day) and pain scores. Results: There was no significant difference in inpatient (p = 0.998) or outpatient (p = 0.887) supplemental analgesic requirements or pain scores between the methadone group (Group 1) and the control group (Group 3). The morphine group (Group 2) required significantly less inpatient (p = 0.014) and outpatient (p = 0.044) supplemental analgesia compared with the control group (Group 3). There were no complications. Conclusions: The present report represents the first known study of the use of intra-articular methadone and establishes that this analgesic is safe at a single dose of 5 mg. At this dose, however, methadone does not provide improved postoperative analgesia following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In contrast, intra-articular morphine does appear to be effective for decreasing postoperative pain. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bone & Marrow Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Stewart, DJ (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM lamberte@hss.ed NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 87A IS 1 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.2106/JBJS.D.01912 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 887OR UT WOS:000226315900020 PM 15634825 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA AF Freitas, JA TI Bulk and homoepitaxial films of III-V nitride semiconductors: Optical studies SO JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GaN; AlN; bulk; Raman scattering; XR diffraction; photoluminescence; cathodoluminescence; homoepitaxial ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GAN LAYERS; ALN; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH; DONORS AB It is well Accepted that point and extended defects play an important role on the properties of III-V nitride semiconductors. It is also essential to understand the defect formation mechanisms to obtain the necessary material control to reach the full realization of the technological potential of the wide bandgap material system. Due to the nature of the centers involved a detailed and extensive investigation must be performed in controlled samples. In this work, results obtained using a combination of defect-sensitive techniques employed to detect, identify, and verify the role of defects and impurities in the structural, optical, and electronic properties of thick freestanding GaN, bulk AIN, and homoepitaxial layers are reviewed. The sharpness and line-shapes of XRD and Raman scattering lines of AIN and GaN were employed as figures of merit to evaluate the crystalline quality and homogeneity of the bulk and epitaxial layers. Detailed luminescence studies of AIN and GaN, grown by different techniques, and homoepitaxial films show evidence of the pervasive nature of some defects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jaime.freitas@nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU KOREAN ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, INC PI SEOUL PA SUNGDONG POST OFFICE, P O BOX 27, SEOUL 133-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1229-9162 J9 J CERAM PROCESS RES JI J. Ceram. Process. Res. PY 2005 VL 6 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 972RZ UT WOS:000232472200004 ER PT J AU Bobo, WV Miller, SC Martin, BD AF Bobo, WV Miller, SC Martin, BD TI The abuse liability of dextromethorphan among adolescents: A review SO JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE LA English DT Review DE dextromethorphan; dextromethorphan abuse; dextromethorphan dependence; cough medicine; substance related disorders; substance abuse; non-prescription medication ID DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS PROPERTIES; THE-COUNTER MEDICINES; COMMUNITY PHARMACIES; COUGH SYRUP; DRUGS; RECEPTORS; DEXTRORPHAN; BRAIN; RATS; DOPAMINE AB Dextromethorphan (DM) is a Popular over-the-counter antitussive medication. Although adverse effects frorn appropriate use are rare,a specific toxidrome with significant psychomimetic effects occurs with ingestions in excess of those recommended. Both DM and its active metabolite, dextrorphan (DOR), share pharmacologic and neurobehavioral properties similar to opiates and phencyclidine (PCP). As Such, cases of recreational DM abuse and, rarely, dependence, have been reported, and some data Suggest that Such abuse is on the rise. DM may be considered by Substance abuser,,, especially adolescents, to be a dissociative agent devoid of financial concerns, legal limitations. negative stigma. problems with access or adverse health consequences. However ever, DM's popularity among adolescent Substance abusers is generally not matched by adequate health care provider awareness, pharmacological Understanding or epidemiological characterization. In this review, We summarize the Current understanding of DM's addiction medicine-based neuropharmacology and epidemiology, describe social characteristics more unique to DM as in agent of abuse, review treatment and prevention issues, and identify areas in need of further research. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Bobo, WV (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM w_bobo@sar.med.navy.mil NR 108 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1067-828X J9 J CHILD ADOLES SUBST JI J. Child Adolesc. Subst. Abus. PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 55 EP 75 DI 10.1300/J029v14n04_04 PG 21 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 956TJ UT WOS:000231322400004 ER PT J AU Eveland, CK Socolinsky, DA Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ AF Eveland, CK Socolinsky, DA Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ TI A hierarchical methodology for class detection problems with skewed priors SO JOURNAL OF CLASSIFICATION LA English DT Article DE classification; boosting; prototype selection; face detection AB We describe a novel extension to the Class-Cover-Catch-Digraph (CCCD) classifier, specifically tuned to detection problems. These are two-class classification problems where the natural priors on the classes are skewed by several orders of magnitude. The emphasis of the proposed techniques is in computationally efficient classification for real-time applications. Our principal contribution consists of two boosted classifiers built upon the CCCD structure, one in the form of a sequential decision process and the other in the form of a tree. Both of these classifiers achieve performances comparable to that of the original CCCD classifiers, but at drastically reduced computational expense. An analysis of classification performance and computational cost is performed using data from a face detection application. Comparisons are provided with Support Vector Machines (SVM) and reduced SVMs. These comparisons show that while some SVMs may achieve higher classification performance, their computational burden can be so high as to make them unusable in real-time applications. On the other hand, the proposed classifiers combine high detection performance with extremely fast classification. C1 Equinox Corp, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Eveland, CK (reprint author), Equinox Corp, 207 Redwood St,Suite 205, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM diego@equinoxsensors.com; cep@jhu.edu; david.marchette@navy.mil RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0176-4268 J9 J CLASSIF JI J. Classif. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 17 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s00357-005-0004-9 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Psychology, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Psychology GA 938UF UT WOS:000230028200003 ER PT J AU Kim, H Kayir, T Mousseau, SL AF Kim, H Kayir, T Mousseau, SL TI Mechanisms of damage formation in transversely impacted glass-epoxy bonded lap joints SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE adhesive joint; transverse impact; damage mechanisms; debonding ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; ADHESIVE JOINTS; ICE IMPACTS; STRENGTH AB Adhesively bonded glass-epoxy lap joints are transversely impacted in order to determine the modes of damage resulting from out-of-plane impacts to the overlap region and to identify mechanisms by which damage formation occurs. Impacts over an energy range of 10-50 J are produced using a low-velocity, high-mass drop weight tower. Woven glass-epoxy joints bonded together with an epoxy adhesive film are tested. Localized debonding is observed for lower energy impacts in the region surrounding the impact point. These debonds, attributed to the transverse shear stress developed within the adhesive, are typically circular and concentric to the impact point, and can exist in the absence of debonds growing from the joint free edges (overlap boundaries). Debonds growing from the free edges initiate at the backside of the specimen (i.e., away from the impact side) where tensile peel stress in combination with shear stress causes failure of the adhesive at this location. Finite element analysis is used to determine the stresses that develop in the adhesive during impact, and to corroborate experimentally based conclusions on the mechanisms of damage formation. For bonded joint impacts, it is possible to experimentally establish damage threat thresholds at which impact damage initiates. Such thresholds are important for joint design, and also when making decisions related to the maintenance and repair of composite bonded joints. This is an important safety feature of bonded composite structures since partial joint-width debonding can occur at moderate impact energy levels, and the resulting damage is difficult (perhaps impossible) to detect by visual inspection. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Boeing Co, Rocketdyne Propuls & Power, Canoga Pk, CA 91309 USA. NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2005 VL 39 IS 22 BP 2039 EP 2052 DI 10.1177/0021998305052028 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 985NC UT WOS:000233383600005 ER PT J AU Baker, M Miceli, TJ AF Baker, M Miceli, TJ TI Land inheritance rules: theory and cross-cultural analysis SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE land inheritance; cross-cultural analysis; primogeniture ID PROPERTY-RIGHTS; PRIMOGENITURE; WEALTH; SUCCESSION; IMPACT; INCOME AB This paper develops a general theory of land inheritance rules that distinguishes between two classes of rules: those allowing a testator discretion in disposing of his land (e.g., a best-qualified rule) and those constraining his choice (e.g., primogeniture). The primary benefit of the latter is to prevent rent seeking by heirs, but the cost is that the testator cannot use information about the relative abilities of his heirs to manage the land. We also account for the impact of scale economies in land use, and discuss the impact of the presence of a land market on the form of the inheritance rule. We conclude by offering some empirical tests of the model using a cross-cultural sample of societies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Miceli, TJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM mbaker@usna.edu; miceli@uconnvm.uconn.edu NR 34 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2681 J9 J ECON BEHAV ORGAN JI J. Econ. Behav. Organ. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 56 IS 1 BP 77 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.jebo.2003.09.004 PG 26 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 883BP UT WOS:000225985400005 ER PT J AU Matlock, DM Zvanut, ME Wang, HY Dimaio, JR Davis, RF Van Nostrand, JE Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A AF Matlock, DM Zvanut, ME Wang, HY Dimaio, JR Davis, RF Van Nostrand, JE Henry, RL Koleske, D Wickenden, A TI The effects of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen annealing on Mg acceptors in GaN as monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR); Mg doped; GaN; annealing; hydrogen; oxygen ID P-TYPE GAN; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DOPED GAN; ACTIVATION; COMPENSATION; STABILITY AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used to study the unpassivated Mg-related acceptor in GaN films. As expected, the trends observed before and after O-2, N-2, or forming-gas anneals at temperatures <800degreesC are similar to those typically reported for electrical measurements. However, annealing at temperatures >850degreesC in O-2 or N-2 permanently removes the signal, contrary to the results of conductivity measurements. Approximately 10(19) cm(-3) Mg acceptors were detected in some GaN films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) before acceptor activation, suggesting that it is possible to have electrically active Mg in as-grown CVD material. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Matlock, DM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mezvanut@uab.edu RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0177-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 892EX UT WOS:000226633900006 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Gilardi, R AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Gilardi, R TI Preparation and explosive properties of tetraamminebis(3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolato-N-1) copper(II) SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE energetic coordination compounds; 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate; copper(II) ID COMPLEXES AB The synthesis of tetraamminebis(3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolato-N-1) copper(II) is reported along with its physical and sensitivity properties as well as crystal structure. In addition, the detonation velocity and CJ pressure have been determined at 0.5 inch diameter. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX-2 Mat Dynam,MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1080/07370650590920269 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 961QV UT WOS:000231677800002 ER PT J AU Celik, I Badeau, A Kandil, S Wilson, W Chang, P AF Celik, I Badeau, A Kandil, S Wilson, W Chang, P TI Modeling of droplet formation in stratified immiscible liquid-liquid flows SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE liquid-liquid mixing; droplet formation; droplet entrainment; CFD ID FLUIDS AB This study concerns prediction of the extent and location of mixing due to turbulence in flock of stratified. essentially immiscible two-liquid systems (such as that of diesel fuel and water) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The theoretical basis and Calibration procedure for an empirical droplet formation (DF) model is presented. Then this new DF model is implemented into two different Commercial CFD codes, namely CFX-4, developed by AEA Technology and FLOW-3D, developed by Flow Sciences, lnc,((R)). by way of a drift-flux model. The results, ot'validation studies are presented in comparison to relevant experimental data. The validated model is then applied to various cases to study the mechanisms ofmixing. Both steady and unsteady two-dimensional, as well as three-dimensional simulations are COnSidered, The results are assessed with regards to their implications of what constitutes real mixing. Comparative results from two different codes using similar MathetuatiCal models are also presented. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Hydromech Direct, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Celik, I (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI MADRID PA PASEO BAJO VIRGEN DEL PUERTO, 3, 28005 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 86 EP 97 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 916KZ UT WOS:000228385100008 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Martinez, WL AF Kostoff, RN Martinez, WL TI Is citation normalization realistic? SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citation analysis; citation normalization; document clustering; research evaluation AB One method for assessing quality of research outputs across different technical disciplines is comparing citations received by the research output documents. However, cross-discipline citation comparison studies require discipline normalization, in order to eliminate discipline differences in cultural citation practices and discipline differences in the number of active researchers available to cite. The 'definition' of, and number of documents used to represent, a discipline become critical. This study attempted to determine whether the citation characteristics (average, median) of a discipline's domain stabilized as the domain's size was decreased. A sample of papers (classified as research articles only, not review articles, by the Institute for Scientific Information) published in the journal Oncogene in 1999 was clustered hierarchically, and the citation averages and medians were computed for each cluster at different cluster hierarchical levels. The citation characteristics became increasingly stratified as the clusters were reduced in size, raising serious questions about the credibility of a selected denominator for normalization studies. An interesting side result occurred when all the retrieved articles were sorted by number of citations. Thirteen of the fifty most highly cited research articles had 100 or more references, whereas zero of the fifty least cited research articles had 100 or more references. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0165-5515 J9 J INF SCI JI J. Inf. Sci. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 DI 10.1177/0165551505049260 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 891DH UT WOS:000226561000006 ER PT J AU Ganal, CD Vaux, KK Bird, LM AF Ganal, CD Vaux, KK Bird, LM TI Dental malformations: An additional feature of digito-cutaneous dysplasia. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 SU S MA 128 BP S100 EP S100 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 890VR UT WOS:000226539700142 ER PT J AU Signell, RP Carniel, S Cavaleri, L Chiggiato, J Doyle, JD Pullen, J Sclavo, M AF Signell, RP Carniel, S Cavaleri, L Chiggiato, J Doyle, JD Pullen, J Sclavo, M TI Assessment of wind quality for oceanographic modelling in semi-enclosed basins SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE wind modelling; wave modelling; Adriatic Sea; skill assessment; wind quality ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; ADRIATIC SEA; COASTAL REGIONS; FIELDS; WATER AB The quality of surface winds derived from four meteorological models is assessed in the semi-enclosed Adriatic Sea over a 2-month period: a global hydrostatic model ECMWF T511 (40 km resolution), a hydrostatic limited area model LAMBO (20 km), and two non-hydrostatic limited area models: LAMI (7 km) and COAMPS(TM) (4 km), These wind models are used to drive a 2 km resolution wave model (SWAN) of the Adriatic, and wind and wave results are compared with observations at the ISMAR oceanographic tower off Venice. Waves are also compared at buoy locations near Ancona and Ortona. Consistently with earlier studies, the ECMWF fields underestimate the wind magnitude and do not reproduce the known spatial structure of strong wind events. The results show that the higher-resolution, limited area models LAMI and COAMPS exhibit better amplitude response than the coarser ECMWF: there is a 3- to 4-fold reduction of the wind underestimation at the platform (from 36% to 8-11%). The wave response is also improved with LAMI and COAMPS: there is a 2-fold reduction in the underestimation of wave heights at the platform. These non-hydrostatic models also produce wind fields with more realistic small-scale, spatial structure during strong wind events. The temporal correlation between observed and modelled wind, however, is highest with the global ECMWF model due to the fact that large-scale features can be predicted deterministically, whereas small-scale features can only be predicted stochastically. Models with less small-scale structure have better correlation because they have less "noise." This explanation is supported by increased correlation between modelled and observed waves, the waves representing a smoothing of the wind over fetch and duration. Although there is room for improvement, the high-resolution, non-hydrostatic models (LAMI and COAMPS) offer significant advantages for driving oceanographic simulations in semi-enclosed basins such as the Adriatic Sea. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Inst Marine Sci, I-30125 Venice, Italy. SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. ARPA Emilia Romagna, Serv Meteorol Reg, I-40122 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dept Earth Sci, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Carniel, S (reprint author), CNR, Inst Marine Sci, San Polo 1364, I-30125 Venice, Italy. EM sandro.carniel@ismar.cnr.it RI Carniel, Sandro/J-9278-2012; CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI Carniel, Sandro/0000-0001-8317-1603; CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Cavaleri, Luigi/0000-0003-0360-2077; Chiggiato, Jacopo/0000-0002-0998-6473; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 35 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1-4 BP 217 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.03.006 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 885KJ UT WOS:000226155200012 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM TI Development of an oligomeric cyanate ester resin with enhanced processability SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARYL HALIDES; BISMALEIMIDE; CHEMISTRY; EPOXY AB The synthesis, polymerization, thermal and mechanical properties of a novel cyanate ester resin have been examined. The resin is a liquid at ambient temperature, exhibits high thermal stability, and displays good mechanical properties up to about 150 degrees C. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keller1@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 16 BP 1611 EP 1613 DI 10.1039/b500126a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 917RY UT WOS:000228488100002 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Naik, RR De Long, HC Fox, DM Trulove, PC Mantz, RA AF Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Naik, RR De Long, HC Fox, DM Trulove, PC Mantz, RA TI Regenerated silk fiber wet spinning from an ionic liquid solution SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOMBYX-MORI SILK; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FIBROIN; DISSOLUTION; NANOFIBERS AB Regenerated silk fibroin from Bombyx mori silkworms was extruded into fibers from a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid solvent system; the drawn fibers rinsed in methanol exhibit alignment of the beta-sheet crystallites along the fiber axis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Chem & Life Sci Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mantz, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil; robert.mantz@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 101 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 39 BP 4206 EP 4208 DI 10.1039/b510069k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 970KO UT WOS:000232307700005 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Days of glory: The Army of the Cumberland, 1861-1865. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 237 EP 238 DI 10.1353/jmh.2005.0060 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 883IO UT WOS:000226005000027 ER PT J AU Nagayama, S Mishchenko, A Sasao, T Butler, JT AF Nagayama, S Mishchenko, A Sasao, T Butler, JT TI Exact and heuristic minimization of the average path length in decision diagrams SO JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE-VALUED LOGIC AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE BDD; MDD; average path length (APL); node traversing probability; edge traversing probability; branch-and-bound; sifting algorithm AB In a decision diagram, the average path length (APL) is the average number of nodes on a path from the root node to a terminal node over all assignments of values to variables. Smaller APL values result in faster evaluation of the function represented by a decision diagram. For some functions, the APL depends strongly on the variable order. In this paper, we propose an exact and a heuristic algorithm to determine the variable order that minimizes the APL. Our exact algorithm uses branch-and-bound. Our heuristic algorithm uses dynamic reordering, where selected pairs of variables are swapped. This paper also proposes an exact and a heuristic algorithm to determine the pairs of binary variables that reduce the APL of multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs) for a 4-valued input 2-valued output function. Experimental results show that the heuristic algorithm is much faster than the exact one but produces comparable APLs. Both algorithms yield an improvement over an existing algorithm in both APL and runtime. Experimental results for 2-valued cases and 4-valued cases are shown. C1 Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept CSE, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyushu Inst Technol, Ctr Microelect Syst, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept CSE, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. RI Sasao, Tsutomu/E-9702-2012 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 1542-3980 EI 1542-3999 J9 J MULT-VALUED LOG S JI J. Mult.-Valued Log. Soft Comput. PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5-6 BP 437 EP 465 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Logic SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 949ZE UT WOS:000230826600003 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Ranganathan, D AF Karle, IL Ranganathan, D TI An asymmetric conformation of 1,3,5-benzene tricarbonyl [Aib(4)OMe](3) SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE 3(10)-helices; achiral molecule in chiral space group; bowl-shaped; crystal structure; no Phe-Phe interactions; right-handed and left-handed helices in a noncentrosymmetric crystal ID CRYSTAL AB Molecules of 1,3,5-benzene tricarbonyl [Aib(4)OMe](3) do not possess any internal symmetry, neither exact nor approximate, in the crystalline state. The Aib(4)OMe moieties each form a 3(10)-helix with an appropriate pair of hydrogen bonds but the sense of rotation is right-handed for two of the helices and left-handed for the third one. The helices are not evenly positioned around the benzene ring, and their helix axes are inclined toward one side of the plane of the benzene ring, giving the molecule the shape of a shallow bowl with an irregular periphery. The molecules are largely surrounded by water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent molecules that form hydrogen bonds with the CO and NH moieties that protrude from the surfaces of the peptide molecule. The space group is Cc with a = 23.618(4) Angstrom, b = 19.708(6) Angstrom, c = 17.939(7) Angstrom and beta = 100.09(3)degrees. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM williams@harker.nrl.navy.mil FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 30902] NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00202.x PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 893GK UT WOS:000226707100009 PM 15686536 ER PT J AU Yasuda, T Lee, SH Furusawa, Y Tsutsui, T AF Yasuda, T Lee, SH Furusawa, Y Tsutsui, T TI Influence of contact barrier height on the characteristics of polymer field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organic field-effect transistor; mobility; carrier injection; pi-conjugated polymers ID SOURCE-DRAIN ELECTRODES; CARRIER MOBILITY AB We investigated the influence of contact barrier height on the performance of polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) by using metals with work functions closely matching the electron and hole transport levels of the polymer or by adjusting the individual HOMO/LUMO levels of the polymer layer. No clear relationship between the bulk mobilities measured by time-of-flight method and the field-effect mobilities calculated from saturation drain current was found in the present study. In contrast, the field-effect mobilities in pi-conjugated polymers used in this study show a tendency to slightly increase with a decrease in carrier injection barrier. C1 Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Appl Sci Elect & Mat, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yasuda, T (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Appl Sci Elect & Mat, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. EM yasuda@asem.Kyushu-u.ac.jp NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 939TI UT WOS:000230094900018 ER PT J AU Hallock, ZR Field, RL AF Hallock, ZR Field, RL TI Internal-wave energy fluxes on the New Jersey shelf SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-WEST SHELF; PROPAGATION; SOLITONS; OCEAN; EDGE AB Internal-wave energetics derived from moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observations on the New Jersey shelf are described. Horizontal and vertical velocity components from three 40-day ADCP records acquired near the shelf edge south of the Hudson Canyon were bandpass filtered to isolate high-frequency internal waves. In this band (0.5-7.5 h(-1)) the vertical component of velocity is Significant and is integrated to yield elevation anomaly. Using the ADCP data with buoyancy frequency profiles from nearby CTD station data, kinetic energy (KE), baroclinic potential energy (PE), and energy flux were calculated. Results show depth-averaged KE and PE are nearly equal and of order 10(-3) J kg(-1), and there are significant northwestward fluxes, generally parallel to the bathymetry gradient, during most of the record, with depth-integrated magnitudes sometimes exceeding 100 W m(-1). Vertical energy fluxes are small relative to horizontal fluxes. Vertical profiles of time-averaged flux suggest a dominant first internal-wave mode. Depth-integrated, time-averaged fluxes range from 9 to 24 W m(-1), with the highest values occurring 18 km southwest of the Hudson Canyon. Two-dimensional probability density functions are estimated for energy flux. Group velocity of a large-amplitude internal-wave packet is estimated at 0.36 m s(-1). C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hallock, ZR (reprint author), 2618 Lebanon Rd, Efland, NC 27243 USA. EM zack.hallock@southwind.org NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1175/JPO-2662.1 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 896KQ UT WOS:000226933400001 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE TI A new solar radiation penetration scheme for use in ocean mixed layer studies: An application to the Black Sea using a fine-resolution Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VERTICAL COORDINATE; RIM CURRENT; WARM POOL; IMPACT; NORTH; OSCILLATIONS; SIMULATIONS AB A 1/25degrees X 1/25degrees cos(lat) (longitude X latitude) (approximate to3.2-km resolution) eddy-resolving Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is introduced for the Black Sea and used to examine the effects of ocean turbidity on upper-ocean circulation features including sea surface height and mixed layer depth (MLD) on annual mean climatological time scales. The model is a primitive equation model with a K-profile parameterization (KPP) mixed layer submodel. It uses a hybrid vertical coordinate that combines the advantages of isopycnal, sigma, and z-level coordinates in optimally simulating coastal and open-ocean circulation features. This model approach is applied to the Black Sea for the first time. HYCOM uses a newly developed time-varying solar penetration scheme that treats attenuation as a continuous quantity. This scheme includes two bands of solar radiation penetration, one that is needed in the top 10 m of the water column and another that penetrates to greater depths depending on the turbidity. Thus, it is suitable for any ocean general circulation model that has fine vertical resolution near the surface. With this scheme, the optical depth-dependent attenuation of subsurface heating in HYCOM is given by monthly mean fields for the attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation (k(PAR)) during 1997-2001. These satellite-based climatological kPAR fields are derived from Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) data for the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (k(490)) and have been processed to have the smoothly varying and continuous coverage necessary for use in the Black Sea model applications. HYCOM simulations are driven by two sets of high-frequency climatological forcing, but no assimilation of ocean data is then used to demonstrate the importance of including spatial and temporal varying attenuation depths for the annual mean prediction of upper-ocean quantities in the Black Sea, which is very turbid (k(PAR) > 0.15 m(-1), in general). Results are reported from three model simulations driven by each atmospheric forcing set using different values for the kPAR. A constant solar-attenuation optical depth of approximate to17 in (clear water assumption), as opposed to using spatially and temporally varying attenuation depths, changes the surface circulation, especially in the eastern Black Sea. Unrealistic sub-mixed layer heating in the former results in weaker stratification at the base of the mixed layer and a deeper MLD than observed. As a result, the deep MLD off Sinop (at around 42.5degreesN, 35.5degreesE) weakens the surface currents regardless of the atmospheric forcing used in the model simulations. Using the SeaWiFS-based monthly turbidity climatology gives a shallower MLD with much stronger stratification at the base and much better agreement with observations. Because of the high Black Sea turbidity, the simulation with all solar radiation absorbed at the surface case gives results similar to the simulations using turbidity from SeaWiFS in the annual means, the aspect of the results investigated in this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 73 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 13 EP 32 DI 10.1175/JPO2677.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 896KQ UT WOS:000226933400002 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, AB Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE TI Sea surface temperature sensitivity to water turbidity from simulations of the turbid Black Sea using HYCOM SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL; MIXED-LAYER DEPTH; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SKILL SCORES; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; CLIMATOLOGY AB This paper examines the sensitivity of sea surface temperature (SST) to water turbidity in the Black Sea using the eddy-resolving (similar to3.2-km resolution) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), which includes a nonslab K-profile parameterization (KPP) mixed layer model. The KPP model uses a diffusive attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (k(PAR)) processed from a remotely sensed dataset to take water turbidity into account. Six model experiments (expt) are performed with no assimilation of any ocean data and wind/thermal forcing from two sources: 1) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA) and 2) Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Forced with ECMWF, experiment I uses spatially and monthly varying kPAR values over the Black Sea, experiment 2 assumes all of the solar radiation is absorbed at the sea surface, and experiment 3 uses a constant k(PAR) value of 0.06 m(-1), representing clear-water constant solar attenuation depth of 16.7 m. Experiments 4, 5, and 6 are twins of 1, 2, and 3 but forced with NOGAPS. The monthly averaged model SSTs resulting from all experiments are then compared with a fine-resolution (similar to9 km) satellite-based monthly SST climatology (the Pathfinder climatology). Because of the high turbidity in the Black Sea, it is found that a clear-water constant attenuation depth (i.e., expts 3 and 6) results in SST bias as large as 3degreesC in comparison with standard simulations (expts 1 and 4) over most of the Black Sea in summer. In particular, when using the clear-water constant attenuation depth as opposed to using spatial and temporal k(PAR) basin-averaged rms SST difference with respect to the Pathfinder SST climatology increases similar to46% (from 1.41degreesC in expt 1 to 2.06degreesC in expt 3) in the ECMWF forcing case. Similarly, basin-averaged rms SST difference increases similar to36% (from 1.39degreesC in expt 4 to 189degreesC in expt 6) in the NOGAPS forcing case. The standard HYCOM simulations (expts I and 4) have a very high basin-averaged skill score of 0.95, showing overall model success in predicting climatological SST, even with no assimilation of any SST data. In general, the use of spatially and temporally varying turbidity fields is necessary for the Black Sea OGCM studies because there is strong seasonal cycle and large spatial variation in the solar attenuation coefficient, and an additional simulation using a constant k(PAR) value of 0.19 m(-1), the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) space-time mean for the Black Sea, did not yield as accurate SST results as experiments 1 and 4. Model-data comparisons also revealed that relatively large HYCOM SST errors close to the coastal boundaries can be attributed to the misrepresentation of landsea mask in the ECMWF and NOGAPS products. With the relatively accurate mask used in NOGAPS, HYCOM demonstrated the ability to simulate accurate SSTs in shallow water over the broad northwest shelf in the Black Sea, a region of large errors using the inaccurate mask in ECMWE A linear relationship is found between changes in SST and changes in heat flux below the mixed layer. Specifically, a change of similar to50 W m(-2) in submixed-layer heat flux results in a SST change of similar to3.0degreesC, a value that occurs when using clear-water constant attenuation depth rather than monthly varying k(PAR) in the model simulations, clearly demonstrating potential impact of penetrating solar radiation on SST simulations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 68 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 33 EP 54 DI 10.1175/JPO-2656.1 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 896KQ UT WOS:000226933400003 ER PT J AU Li, CP Kailasanath, K AF Li, CP Kailasanath, K TI Detonation initiation by annular-jet-induced imploding shocks SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.2514/1.5463 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 887TM UT WOS:000226328400021 ER PT J AU Alfano, SG Robinson, RF Webber, CA Erickson, KK AF Alfano, SG Robinson, RF Webber, CA Erickson, KK TI Fabrication of a craniofacial implant surgical and treatment planning guide SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Maxillofacial-Prosthetics CY OCT 24-26, 2004 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP Amer Acad Maxillofacial Prosthet AB A procedure is described to fabricate a surgical guide to assist in the placement of craniofacial implants for prosthetic auricular rehabilitation. An impression is made of the defect, and a wax pattern of the missing car is completed and evaluated on the patient. The definitive wax prosthesis is processed in acrylic resin. An occlusal maxillary splint is also fabricated. The occlusal splint and the acrylic resin ear are joined together using an extraoral acrylic resin bar. The resulting surgical guide provides proper orientation of the acrylic resin ear while remaining securely attached to the maxillary arch. This surgical guide can also be utilized for pretreatment radiographic examination. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Alfano, SG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM sgalfano@mar.med.navy.mil NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 93 IS 1 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.07.012 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 887MZ UT WOS:000226311500016 PM 15624004 ER PT J AU Morse, JS Morse, MS AF Morse, JS Morse, MS TI Diffuse electrical injury - Comparison of physical and neuropsychological symptom presentation in males and females SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE electrical injury; neuropsychological; neurological; physical; symptoms AB Objective: Electrical injuries can produce physical, neurological, and neuropsychological sequelae that exist even in the total absence of a theoretical current path that includes the brain. Diffuse electrical injury (DEI) is a rarely occurring class of electrical injury (EI) that can occur even after low-voltage contact. The objective of the study was to compare the occurrence rate of symptoms reported retrospectively by a female DEI group with a male DEI group. Methods: A Web-based interactive survey was completed by survivors of low-voltage injuries (< 1000 V) regarding symptoms present six months or more following electrical shock. Chi square analysis of the occurrence of 65 symptoms was performed. Results: The only significant differences were that unexplained moodiness, dizziness, and short-term memory loss were reported more often by the male group, and the diagnosis of chronic pain was more common in the female group. For the majority of symptoms, no significant difference between the two groups was revealed. Conclusions: Results suggest that DEI may present with certain differences in men compared with women. The results also confirm previous reports that patients may present with broad symptomatology after low-voltage contact. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Morse, JS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92124 USA. EM DrJMorse@electricalinjury.com NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3999 J9 J PSYCHOSOM RES JI J. Psychosomat. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.06.001 PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 908MD UT WOS:000227790200007 PM 15771870 ER PT J AU Buccolo, LS Viera, AJ AF Buccolo, LS Viera, AJ TI Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy presenting in the postpartum period - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pregnancy complications; dermatosis; postpartum period; pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy ID FETAL WEIGHT-GAIN AB BACKGROUND: Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), also known as polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, is the most common dermatosis of pregnancy. It usually evolves in the third trimester and resolves rapidly postpartum. CASE: A 25-year-old woman complained of an intensely pruritic rash for 2 days. The rash began 10 days postpartum. It began on her abdomen and spread to her buttocks, legs and tipper arms. On examination, erythematous papules and urticarial plaques were present in the striae of the abdomen and buttocks and involved the legs, arms and back. No excoriations, vesicles or pustules were present, and there was sparing of the face, palms and soles. The patient was treated with fexofenadine, hydroxyzine, oatmeal baths and cool compresses. Follow-tip 2 days later revealed a worsening rash and persistence of severe pruritus. At that time the patient was placed on prednisone, which led to relief of her symptoms and clearing of the rash. DISCUSSION: PUPPP is reported to develop in 0.5% of pregnancies. MEDLINE searches of the literature from 1966 to 2003 using the keywords pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy or polymorphic eruption of pregnancy and postpartum revealed only 2 other cases of PUPPP developing in the postpartum period. Although the clinical presentation of this patient was typical of that of PUPPP, it demonstrates an unusual time course with its postpartum presentation. CONCLUSION: Dermatoses of pregnancy should remain in the differential diagnosis of rash even weeks after a woman delivers. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Buccolo, LS (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 888QZ UT WOS:000226390600014 PM 15730177 ER PT J AU Fowler, JW Kim, B Carlyle, WM Gel, ES Horng, SM AF Fowler, JW Kim, B Carlyle, WM Gel, ES Horng, SM TI Evaluating solution sets of a posteriori solution techniques for bi-criteria combinatorial optimization problems SO JOURNAL OF SCHEDULING LA English DT Article DE multiple criteria combinatorial optimization; comparison measures; parallel machine scheduling ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; SOLVE AB The quality of an approximate solution for combinatorial optimization problems with a single objective can be evaluated relatively easily. However, this becomes more difficult when there are multiple objectives. One potential approach to solving multiple criteria combinatorial optimization problems when at least one of the single objective problems is NP-complete, is to use an a posteriori method that approximates the efficient frontier. A common difficulty in this type of approach, however, is evaluating the quality of approximate solutions, since sets of multiple solutions should be evaluated and compared. This necessitates the use of a comparison measure that is robust and accurate. Furthermore, a robust measure plays an important role in metaheuristic optimization for "tuning" various parameters for evolutionary algorithms, simulated annealing, etc., which are frequently employed for multiple criteria combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, the performance of a new measure, which we call Integrated Convex Preference (ICP) is compared to that of other measures appearing in the literature through numerical experiments-specifically, we use two a posteriori solution techniques based on genetic algorithms for a bi-criteria parallel machine scheduling problem and evaluate their performance (in terms of solution quality) using different measures. Experimental results show that the ICP measure evaluates the solution quality of approximations robustly (i.e., similar to visual comparison results) while other alternative measures can misjudge the solution quality. We note that the ICP measure can be applied to other non-scheduling multiple objective combinatorial optimization problems, as well. C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM john.fowler@asu.edu RI Fowler, John/E-9426-2011 OI Fowler, John/0000-0002-7112-8031 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1094-6136 EI 1099-1425 J9 J SCHEDULING JI J. Sched. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1 BP 75 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s10951-005-5316-4 PG 22 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 898IT UT WOS:000227071200004 ER PT J AU Stevens, R Ross, IM AF Stevens, R Ross, IM TI Preliminary design of Earth-Mars cyclers using solar sails SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 13th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL Ponce, PR SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ORBIT AB Motivated by the concept of using cycler trajectories for Mars return missions, an optimal Earth-Mars cycler is designed for spacecraft that use solar sails. The design is preliminary in the sense that the trajectories are assumed to be coplanar and the orbits of Earth and Mars are assumed to be circular. The optimality criterion is the vehicle's hyperbolic excess speed V-infinity with respect to Mars. This trajectory optimization problem is formulated using the framework of optimal periodic control with interior point constraints that include jump discontinuities that arise as a result of gravity assists. The problem is numerically solved using the concept of pseudospectral knots (PSK) by way of a general-purpose dynamic optimization software. Feasibility of the PSK-derived trajectories is demonstrated using numerical propagation. Results show that solar sails can be used to reduce significantly V-infinity at Mars. For example, it is shown that a sail with a lightness number of 0.17 can achieve a V-infinity with respect to Mars of 2.5 km/s at every synodic encounter. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Stevens, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM resteven@nps.navy.mil; imross@nps.navy.mil NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.2514/1.2947 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 897IG UT WOS:000226996700016 ER PT J AU Graham, SM AF Graham, SM TI Evaluation of welds exhibiting large scatter in Charpy toughness using the reference temperature SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE fracture toughness; reference temperature; master curve; Charp; 7018 M ID FRACTURE AB Conformance tests carried out on 7018 M weld wire revealed that some lots exhibited excessive scatter in Charpy toughness. A test program was conducted to determine if the fracture behavior of the welds was significantly influenced by the occasional low Charpy values. Charpy and tensile data were collected on welds made from lots of 7018 M wire that failed conformance testing. Fracture toughness tests were also conducted to characterize the fracture performance in the transition temperature region. A baseline for acceptable fracture behavior was established based on fracture toughness and Charpy data from 70-series weld wires that are typically used in the same, or similar, applications. The reference temperature of the 7018 M weld was determined to be -72.1degreesC (-97.7degreesF), which was well below the baseline of -45degreesC (-49degreesF). Therefore the 7018 M weld was shown to have equal or better fracture toughness than the baseline at any temperature. Consequently, the large scatter in Charpy toughness was not indicative of poor fracture performance. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 884KD UT WOS:000226082700006 ER PT J AU Field, RL George, J AF Field, RL George, J TI The overtone structure of acoustic fluctuations due to harmonic variations in sound speed (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; PROPAGATION; CHANNEL AB Explicit relations are derived between the acoustic pressure and a sound speed that is periodic. They are derived for the Pekeris waveguide, and extended to the range and depth-dependent adiabatic mode/WKB case. As expected, acoustic, pressure is found to fluctuate at the sound speed fundamental and its overtones. A Pekeris model simulation qualitatively agrees with the intensity fluctuation spectrum from a range and depth-dependent. parabolic equation (PE) simulation of a shelf edge experiment off the New Jersey coast. In this paper we show that the energy of the higher overtones can be significant and derive a modulation index that determines the factors that contribute to the overtone energy. (C) 2005. Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Field, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM bob.field@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 117 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1121/1.1789999 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 887VY UT WOS:000226334800002 PM 15704395 ER PT J AU Petilon, J Carr, DR Sekiya, JK Unger, DV AF Petilon, J Carr, DR Sekiya, JK Unger, DV TI Pectoralis major muscle injuries: Evaluation and management SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID DELAYED REPAIR; RUPTURE; TENDON; DIAGNOSIS; AVULSION; TEARS AB Pectoralis major muscle tears are relatively rare injuries that primarily occur while lifting weights, particularly when doing a bench press. Complete ruptures arc most commonly avulsions at or near the humeral insertion. Ruptures at the rnusculo-tendinous junction and intramuscular tears usually are caused by a direct blow. The patient may hear a snap at the time of injury and report pain, weakness, swelling, or muscular deformity. Physical examination can reveal ecchymosis, a palpable defect, asymmetric webbing of the axillary fold, and weakness on resisted shoulder adduction and internal rotation. A detailed history and physical examination call be augmented by radiologic studies, including magnetic resonance imaging. Nonsurgical treatment is now recommended only for the older, sedentary patient or for proximal muscle belly tears. Surgery, whether early or delayed, consistently yields superior results compared with nonsurgical management. Prompt diagnosis and timely intervention likely will produce improved results. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmuth, Med Corps, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmuth, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmuth, Med Corps, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PI ROSEMENT PA 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA SN 1067-151X J9 J AM ACAD ORTHOP SUR JI J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 894UV UT WOS:000226818000007 PM 15712983 ER PT J AU Goldstein, AO Calleson, D Curtis, P Hemphill, B Gamble, G Steiner, B Moore, TK AF Goldstein, AO Calleson, D Curtis, P Hemphill, B Gamble, G Steiner, B Moore, TK TI Community service by North Carolina family physicians SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHARITY CARE; PROGRAMS; MEDICINE; HEALTH; STATE AB Background: Community service is an integral part of American society. Although Family Medicine advocates community service through community medicine, few data exist on family physicians' involvement in voluntary community service activities or roles as community advocates. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 489 North Carolina family physicians, including a 20% random sample of those in community practice and all statewide faculty physicians. The survey assessed types and amount of volunteer activity, attitudes toward volunteer work, and factors that support or inhibit participation in community service. Results: The overall response rate was 54%. Most respondents reported strong interests in community service before medical school and residency, yet few reported any relevant training during medical education. More than 85% of faculty and community practice family physicians reported participating in volunteer service in the previous year (70.8 mean hours for faculty vs 45.5 mean hours for community practice; P = .06). Family physicians also reported a wide variety of lifetime volunteer activities (mean number of different faculty physician activities 20.8 vs mean number of different community practice physician activities 16.7, P = .00). Less than 50% of both physician groups reported that their practice or program publicly supports those performing community service. Conclusions: The great majority of family physicians in North Carolina regularly participate in one or more volunteer community service activities, frequently without organizational recognition. Data about the scope of service expected by communities and provided by physicians may assist the discipline in clarifying the place of volunteer community service in medical education, promotion guidelines and practice. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Goldstein, AO (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, CB 7595, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM aog@med.unc.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY PRACTICE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 0893-8652 J9 J AM BOARD FAM PRACT JI J. Am. Board Fam. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 897CT UT WOS:000226982300008 PM 15709064 ER PT J AU Piper, GE Watkins, JM AF Piper, GE Watkins, JM TI Investigating the effects of cross-link delays on spacecraft formation control SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB In this paper, the ability to per-form tight formation control in the presence of communication and measurement delays is investigated. The paper discusses cross-link requirements for formation control and compares centralized and decentralized control strategies. A simple two degree-of-freedom model with communication delays is introduced for analysis. A typical approach for systems with small time delays is to base the design on a nominal system model that does not contain the time delays. The limitations of this approach on stability and closed-loop bandwidth are discussed. Finally, the time delay is considered in the design of two control structures: state-feedback and state-feedback with integral feedback. The effects of the time delay on stability, stability margins, and bandwidth are investigated. An example illustrating these effects is presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Piper, GE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 83 EP 101 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 993KG UT WOS:000233952400006 ER PT J AU Gaudet, BJ Schmidt, JM AF Gaudet, BJ Schmidt, JM TI Assessment of hydrometeor collection rates from. exact and approximate equations. Part I: A new approximate scheme SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; PRECIPITATION; MESOSCALE; MODEL; HAIL; ORGANIZATION; CYCLONES AB The collection equation is analyzed for the case of two spherical hydrometeors with collection efficiency unity and exponential size distributions. When the fall velocities are significantly different a more general form of the conventional Wisner approximation can be formulated. The accuracy of the new formula exceeds that of the Wisner approximation for all cases considered, except for the collection of a faster species by a slower species if the amount of the faster species is relatively small compared with that of the slower species. The exact solution of the collection equation is then rederived and cast into the form of a power series involving the ratio of the two characteristic fall velocities. It is shown that the new formulation is a first-order correction to the continuous collection equation for hydrometeors with finite diameters and fall velocities. Based on the analysis, the implications for the behavior of both the exact collection equation and its representation in numerical models are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gaudet, BJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, MSC 01 1100,1, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bgaudet@ece.unm.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1175/JAS-3362.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CN UT WOS:000226838600008 ER PT J AU Broutman, D Grimshaw, RHJ Eckermann, SD AF Broutman, D Grimshaw, RHJ Eckermann, SD TI Comments on "On internal waves in a Lagrangian reference frame" - Notes and correspondence - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID GRAVITY-WAVES; ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRA C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VI USA. Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough, Leics, England. RP Broutman, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daveb@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI Grimshaw, Roger/J-7855-2013 OI Grimshaw, Roger/0000-0003-0917-3218 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1175/JAS-3358.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CN UT WOS:000226838600017 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Smith, PH Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J AF Mansour, AN Smith, PH Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J TI In situ x-ray absorption study of cycled ambigel V2O5 center dot n H2O(n approximate to 0.5) composite cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID V2O5 AEROGEL; LITHIUM BATTERIES; VANADIUM-OXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; XEROGEL; XAS AB We examined the oxidation state and local structure of hydrated ambigel V(2)O(5)(.)0.5H(2)O composite cathodes cycled in a nonaqueous electrolyte lithium cell. Changes in the oxidation state and local structure were monitored by X-ray absorption spectroscopy under in situ conditions. The cathodes had initial discharge capacities in the range 440-480 mAh/g, which correspond to an intercalation of 3.1-3.4 Li per V(2)O(5)(.)0.5H(2)O. Analyses of X-ray absorption near-edge structure data reveal that the average oxidation state of vanadium for discharged cathodes increased with cycling in the range of 1-17 cycles and then remained unchanged with further cycling. The oxidation state for charged cathodes remained relatively unchanged with cycling in the range of 1-40 cycles. The lack of strong contributions from higher coordination spheres in the Fourier transforms of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of charged and discharged cathodes indicate that the amorphous nature of the material is retained during cycling. However, a significant increase in the amplitude of the V-O contribution is observed with prolonged cycling for both discharged and charged cathodes, which is likely due to the formation of irreversible phases with increased local symmetry for the V-O coordination geometry. The observed results for the ambigel material cycled in the range of 1-16 cycles are consistent with results previously observed for an aerogel material. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM MansourAN@nswccd.navy.mil NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 7 BP A1312 EP A1319 DI 10.1149/1.1924225 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 936MC UT WOS:000229859100003 ER PT J AU Stux, AM Swider-Lyons, KE AF Stux, AM Swider-Lyons, KE TI Li-ion capacity enhancement in composite blends of LiCoO2 and Li2RuO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; INTERCALATION; DEINTERCALATION; ELECTRODES; LI2-XRUO3; LIXCOO2; CELLS; RUO2 AB The specific capacity and energy of batteries with LiCoO2 electrodes can be improved by the addition of Li2RuO3 to the cathodes, particularly at high rates. LiCoO2 is a standard active material used in Li-ion batteries, and Li2RuO3 is a highly stable Li-insertion compound with high electronic and Li-ion conductivity. Batteries with LiCoO2 and Li2RuO3 cathodes are compared to those with blends of the two active materials when discharged from 4.2 to 2.0 V at C/5 and 2C rates. The Li-ion batteries with a 58: 42 w/w LiCoO2/Li2RuO3 blend have a disproportionate increase of 25 and 36%, respectively, in their expected specific capacity and energy relative to LiCoO2 when the batteries are charged and discharged at a 2C rate. X-ray diffraction of the electrodes at a high state of charge confirms that the LiCoO2 and Li2RuO3 phases remain distinct in the electrodes. Analysis of the discharge curves in combination with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that Li2RuO3 lowers the electrical resistance of the electrodes when combined in parallel with the LiCoO2. This simple approach may be used to improve the capacity of Li-ion batteries for high rate applications. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stux, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 10 BP A2009 EP A2016 DI 10.1149/1.2013147 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 959XR UT WOS:000231553300016 ER PT J AU Teliska, M Murthi, VS Mukerjee, S Ramaker, DE AF Teliska, M Murthi, VS Mukerjee, S Ramaker, DE TI Correlation of water activation, surface properties, and oxygen reduction reactivity of supported Pt-M/C bimetallic electrocatalysts using XAS SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; HYDROGEN CHEMISORPTION; SHAPE RESONANCE; PARTICLE-SIZE; SEGREGATION REVERSAL; XAFS SPECTROSCOPY; ALLOY CATALYSTS; H EXAFS; PLATINUM AB An analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data [X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)] at the Pt L-3 edge for Pt-M bimetallic materials (M = Co, Cr, Ni, Fe) and at the Co K edge for Pt-Co is reported for Pt-M/C electrodes in HClO4 at different potentials. The XANES data are analyzed using the Delta mu method, which utilizes the spectrum at some potential V minus that at 0.54 V reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) representing a reference spectrum. These Delta mu data provide direct spectroscopic evidence for the inhibition of OH chemisorption on the cluster surface in the Pt-M. This OH chemisorption, decreasing in the direction Pt > Pt-Ni > Pt-Co > Pt-Fe > Pt-Cr, is directly correlated with the previously reported fuel cell performance (electrocatalytic activities) of these bimetallics, confirming the role of OH poisoning of Pt sites in fuel cells. EXAFS analysis shows that the prepared clusters studied have different morphologies, the Pt-Ni and Pt-Co clusters were more homogeneous with M atoms at the surface, while the Pt-Fe and Pt-Cr clusters had a "Pt skin." The cluster morphology determines which previously proposed OH inhibition mechanism dominates, the electronic mechanism in the presence of the Pt skin, or lateral interactions when M-OH groups exist on the surface. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Teliska, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ramaker@gwu.edu NR 86 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 11 BP A2159 EP A2169 DI 10.1149/1.2040949 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 982BW UT WOS:000233133700010 ER PT J AU Trapa, PE Won, YY Mui, SC Olivetti, EA Huang, BY Sadoway, DR Mayes, AM Dallek, S AF Trapa, PE Won, YY Mui, SC Olivetti, EA Huang, BY Sadoway, DR Mayes, AM Dallek, S TI Rubbery graft copolymer electrolytes for solid-state, thin-film lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; LINEAR POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANES); BLOCK COPOLYMERS; TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; MATRIX AB Graft copolymer electrolytes (GCEs) of poly[(oxyethylene)(9) methacrylate]-g-poly(dimethyl siloxane) (POEM-g-PDMS) (70: 30) have been synthesized by simple free radical polymerization using a macromonomer route. Differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and small angle neutron scattering confirmed the material to be microphase-separated with a domain periodicity of similar to25 nm. Over the temperature range 290 < T < 360 K, the electrical conductivities of the lithium triflate-doped POEM-g-PDMS, which exhibited solid-like mechanical behavior, were nearly identical to those of the liquid POEM homopolymer. Thermal and electrochemical stability studies showed the electrolyte to be stable over a wide temperature range and voltage window. Solid-state, thin-film batteries comprised of a metallic lithium anode, a similar to0.2 mum thick vanadium oxide cathode, and an electrolyte of POEM-g-PDMS doped with LiCF3SO3 proved resistant to capacity fade during extended cycling at room temperature (>200 cycles) at a discharge rate of 2/3 C and could be cycled (charged and discharged) at subambient temperature (0degreesC). (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Trapa, PE (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM amayes@mit.edu NR 27 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A1 EP A5 DI 10.1149/1.1824032 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900001 ER PT J AU Swider-Lyons, KE Love, CT Rolison, DR AF Swider-Lyons, KE Love, CT Rolison, DR TI Selective vapor deposition of hydrous RuO2 thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RUTHENIUM OXIDE; TETROXIDE; DIOXIDE; ELECTROCATALYSTS; PERRUTHENATE; REDUCTION; MECHANISM; ELECTRODE; SURFACES; CELLS AB Thin films of mixed-conducting hydrous ruthenium dioxide (RuO2 (.) xH(2)O or RuOxHy) were deposited via chemical vapor deposition at ambient pressure and temperature. The RuO4(g) precursor was generated in situ and reduced to RuO2 (.) xH(2)O when it contacted specific functional groups, including alcohols, thiols, amines/amides, and clean metal surfaces. The RuO4 was nonreactive when in contacted with surfaces of hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid groups, or metal oxides. Because of the selectivity of the deposition process, RuO2 (.) xH(2)O lines and patterns can be formed on substrates that are decorated with specific areas of reactive and nonreactive functional groups. RuO2 (.) xH(2)O films are conductive, catalytic for chloride evolution from brine, and may ultimately be useful as oxidation catalysts and methanol barrier layers in direct methanol fuel cells. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM karen.lyons@nrl.navy.mit NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP C158 EP C162 DI 10.1149/1.1859713 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 905YI UT WOS:000227607300041 ER PT J AU Farrell, J Martin, FJ Martin, HB O'Grady, WE Natishan, P AF Farrell, J Martin, FJ Martin, HB O'Grady, WE Natishan, P TI Anodically generated short-lived species on boron-doped diamond film electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; PHENOL AB Electrodes composed of boron-doped diamond (BDD) films on metal and semiconductor substrates have a wide range of applications in electrochemistry. This research investigated short-lived species (SLS) produced by anodic polarization of BDD electrodes in 1.0 M HClO4 solutions. Normal pulse voltammetry experiments were performed to identify anodically produced SLS with lifetimes of less than 50 ms under open-circuit conditions. Potential step chronoamperometry experiments were performed to investigate the steady-state concentrations of SLS at the electrode-solution interface as a function of potential. Anodic potentials greater than 1.5 V with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) were required to generate the SLS. Increasing anodic potentials between 1.5 and 3.0 V/SHE resulted in increasing concentrations of the SLS, until a saturation point was reached. Past work by other investigators suggests that the SLS likely consist primarily of HO. radicals produced from water oxidation. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Corros Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Farrell, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM farrellj@engr.arizona.edu NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP E14 EP E17 DI 10.1149/1.1828953 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900058 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Wet-chemical treatment of Si3N4 surfaces studied using infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE POWDERS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HF-BASED SOLUTIONS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HYDROFLUORIC-ACID; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ETCHING MECHANISM; ULTRATHIN SIO2; OXIDATION; FILMS AB Infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy has been used to observe the surface chemistry of Si3N4 films (grown on Si by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition) under steady-state conditions during exposure to dilute aqueous HF solutions. Surfaces etched in HF do not exhibit rapid growth of an SiO2 layer when subsequently exposed to either humid room air at room temperature or to liquid H2O. However, some evidence is found for the formation of an ultrathin oxide-like layer when the etched surface is rinsed in deionized H2O. Removal of this layer in HF results in no detectable signal in the Si-H stretching region, unlike the case for Si subjected to a similar oxide-removal treatment. The presence of SiOH groups has been detected by observing their removal by reaction with aqueous acetic acid or HCl solutions, which suggests that SiHx groups are rapidly hydrolyzed. An attempt was made to detect surface NHx groups by protonation in aqueous acid to form NHx+1+, which should be more readily observable in the infrared spectrum. However, the surface coverage of NHx, if any, is too small to be detected by this means. (C) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 2 BP F31 EP F36 DI 10.1149/1.1851056 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 899KD UT WOS:000227142400060 ER PT J AU D'Allesandro, MP D'Alessandro, DM Bakalar, RS Ashley, DE Hendrix, MJC AF D'Allesandro, MP D'Alessandro, DM Bakalar, RS Ashley, DE Hendrix, MJC TI The Virtual Naval Hospital: the digital library as knowledge management tool for nomadic patrons SO JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB Objective: To meet the information needs of isolated primary care providers and their patients in the US Navy, a digital health sciences library, the Virtual Naval Hospital, was created through a unique partnership between academia and government. Methods: The creation of the digital library was heavily influenced by the principles of user-centered design and made allowances for the nomadic nature of the digital library's patrons and the heterogeneous access they have to Internet bandwidth. Results: The result is a digital library that has been in operation since 1997, continues to expand in size, is heavily used, and is highly regarded by its patrons. Conclusions: The digital library is dedicated to delivering the right information at the right time to the right person so the right decision can be made, and therefore the Virtual Naval Hospital functions as a knowledge-management system for the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Radiol, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Naval Med Informat Management Ctr, Naval Telemed Business Off, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. US Navy Bur Med & Surg, Off Chief Med Corps, Washington, DC 20372 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP D'Allesandro, MP (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Radiol, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM michael-dalessandro@uioun.edu; donna-dalessandro@uiowa.edu; rsbakalar@comcast.net; DEAshley@mar.med.navy.mil; MJCHendrix@childrensmemorial.org OI D'Alessandro, Donna/0000-0001-7972-9088; D'Alessandro, Michael/0000-0003-1772-4032 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA SN 1536-5050 J9 J MED LIBR ASSOC JI J. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 93 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 PG 5 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 893OL UT WOS:000226729000005 PM 15685269 ER PT J AU Dickrell, PL Sawyer, WG Heimberg, JA Singer, IL Wahl, KJ Erdemir, A AF Dickrell, PL Sawyer, WG Heimberg, JA Singer, IL Wahl, KJ Erdemir, A TI A gas-surface interaction model for spatial and time-dependent friction coefficient in reciprocating contacts: Applications to near-frictionless carbon SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SLIDING CONTACTS; FILMS; WEAR; LUBRICATION; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; COVERAGE AB A closed-form time- and position-dependent model for coverage, based on the adsorption of environmental contaminants and their removal through the pin contact, is developed for reciprocating contacts. The model employs an adsorption fraction and removal ratio to formulate a series expression for the entering coverage at any cycle and location on the wear track. A closed-form solution to the series expression is presented and compared to other coverage models developed for steady-state coverage for pin-on-disk contacts, real procating contacts, or the time-dependent center-point model for reciprocating contacts. The friction coefficient is based on the average coverage under the pin contact. The model is compared to position- and time-dependent data collected on near-frictionless carbon self-mated contacts on a reciprocating tribometer in a nitrogen atmosphere. There are many similarities between the model curves and the data, both in magnitude and trends. No new curvefitting waspe formed in this paper with all needed parameters coming from previous models of average friction coefficient behavior. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sawyer, WG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wgsawyer@uft.edu RI Sawyer, Wallace/A-7983-2008; OI Sawyer, Wallace/0000-0002-4461-7227; Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1115/1.1829719 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 901EX UT WOS:000227266900010 ER PT J AU Cao, F Bryant, BR Raje, RR Olson, AM Auguston, M Zhao, W Burt, CC AF Cao, F Bryant, BR Raje, RR Olson, AM Auguston, M Zhao, W Burt, CC TI A non-invasive approach to assertive and autonomous dynamic component composition in the service-oriented paradigm SO JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dynamic component composition; Service Oriented Architecture; Web Services; assertive composition; autonomous composition; intermediate code manipulation; aspect-oriented programming; aspect weaving; .NET; Common Language Runtime AB Component-based software composition offers a development approach with reduced time-to-market and cost while achieving enhanced productivity, quality and maintainability. Existent work on the composition paradigm focuses on static composition, which is not sufficient in a distributed environment, in which both constituent components and the assembled distributed system are subject to dynamic adaptation. This paper presents two types of dynamic composition for distributed components: assertive and autonomous over a. NET based Web Services environment. Three case studies are provided to illustrate the use of assertive and autonomous composition. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cao, F (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM caof@cis.uab.edu; bryant@cis.uab.edu; rraje@cs.iupui.edu; aolson@cs.iupui.edu; auguston@cs.nps.navy.mil; zhaow@cis.uab.edu; cburt@cis.uab.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAZ UNIV TECHNOLGOY, INST INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPUTER MEDIA-IICM PI GRAZ PA INFFELDGASSE 16C, GRAZ, A-8010, AUSTRIA SN 0948-695X J9 J UNIVERS COMPUT SCI JI J. Univers. Comput. Sci. PY 2005 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1645 EP 1675 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 000FC UT WOS:000234445300004 ER PT J AU Caudell, D Confer, AW Fulton, RW Berry, A Saliki, JT Fent, GM Ritchey, JW AF Caudell, D Confer, AW Fulton, RW Berry, A Saliki, JT Fent, GM Ritchey, JW TI Diagnosis of infectious canine hepatitis virus (CAV-1) infection in puppies with encephalopathy SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Nine weaned Labrador Retriever puppies from a litter of 11 were presented with signs of acute central nervous system (CNS) disease that included ataxia and blindness. All puppies died. Gross examination of tissues from 2 puppies revealed regionally diffuse hemorrhages in the brain stem and swollen hemorrhagic lymph nodes. Light microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues showed numerous large, basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within CNS vascular endothelium and occasionally in individual hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissue was positive using an antibody against canine adenovirus-1. Virus isolation for infectious canine hepatitis virus was achieved using inoculated cell cultures. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA from cell culture material revealed shared homology with other mammalian adenoviruses. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Isl Vet Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Caudell, D (reprint author), USN, NCI, NIH, Ctr Med, Navy 8,Room 5101,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 888BG UT WOS:000226348600009 PM 15690952 ER PT J AU Howell, PB Mott, DR Fertig, S Kaplan, CR Golden, JP Oran, ES Ligler, FS AF Howell, PB Mott, DR Fertig, S Kaplan, CR Golden, JP Oran, ES Ligler, FS TI A microfluidic mixer with grooves placed on the top and bottom of the channel SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MICROMIXER; MICROCHANNELS; DESIGN; SIMULATION; VISCOSITY; SYSTEMS AB A new microfluidic mixer is presented consisting of a rectangular channel with grooves placed in the top and bottom. This not only increases the driving force behind the lateral flow, but allows for the formation of advection patterns that cannot be created with structures on the bottom alone. Chevrons, pointing in opposite directions on the top and bottom, are used to create a pair of vortices positioned side by side. Stripes running the width of the channel generate a pair of vertically stacked vortices. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to model the behavior of the systems and provide velocity maps at cross-sections within the mixer. Experiments demonstrate the mixing that results when two segregated species enter the mixer side-by-side and pass through two cycles of the mixer (i.e., two alternating sets of four stripes and four chevrons). C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Howell, Peter/E-6214-2010; Howell, Peter/H-8710-2012; OI Howell, Peter/0000-0003-3673-3145; Mott, David/0000-0002-7863-456X NR 31 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2005 VL 5 IS 5 BP 524 EP 530 DI 10.1039/b418243j PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 920VQ UT WOS:000228719100006 PM 15856089 ER PT J AU Campenot, ES Shikle, JF Lin, MY AF Campenot, ES Shikle, JF Lin, MY TI Differences in high risk human papilloma virus testing results in pregnant and non-pregnant women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 270 BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238600271 ER PT J AU Thompson, LDR Nelson, BL AF Thompson, LDR Nelson, BL TI Sinonasal tract mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 19 cases SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Woodland Hills, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 1014 BP 218A EP 218A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238601187 ER PT S AU Colon, MA AF Colon, MA BE Etalle, S TI Schema-guided synthesis of imperative programs by constraint solving SO LOGIC BASED PROGRAM SYNTHESIS AND TRANSFORMATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Logic Based Program Synthesis and Transformation CY AUG 26-28, 2004 CL Verona, ITALY SP Assoc Log Programming, Univ Verona AB We present a method for schema-guided synthesis of imperative programs computing polynomial functions and their inverses. The schemas of our approach contain parameters representing both fragments of code and fragments of invariants, and they generate programs annotated with loop invariants establishing partial correctness. Schema application entails simultaneously instantiating the code parameters to polynomials and the invariant parameters to systems of polynomial equalities. By bounding the degrees of these polynomials and their number, our method reduces schema instantiation to non-linear constraint solving, based on the theory of polynomial ideals. Although non-linear constraint solving is NP-hard, a solution can be generated automatically when the. resulting system contains few constraints. A specialization of our method yields linear constraints by further restricting the form of the invariants. This restriction improves the efficiency of constraint solving, but may fail to synthesize programs derivable by the general method. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM colon@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26655-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3573 BP 166 EP 181 DI 10.1007/11506676_11 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCR08 UT WOS:000230875100011 ER PT J AU Petrone, C Jancaitis, LB Jones, MB Natunewicz, CC Tilburg, CE Epifanio, CE AF Petrone, C Jancaitis, LB Jones, MB Natunewicz, CC Tilburg, CE Epifanio, CE TI Dynamics of larval patches: spatial distribution of fiddler crab larvae in Delaware Bay and adjacent waters SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Uca larvae; zoeae; megalopae; patches; models ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; BRACHYURAN MEGALOPAE; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COASTAL CURRENT; INNER SHELF; TRANSPORT; ESTUARY; ABUNDANCE AB In this paper, we present results of a 4 year investigation of the dynamics of patches of fiddler crab larvae (Uca spp.) in southern Delaware Bay and the nearby coastal ocean. The study addressed 4 research questions: (1) What are the processes that result in the genesis and transport of patches; (2) How large are patches; (3) What is the density of larvae within a typical patch; and (4) How long do patches remain integral? The investigation included characterization of the 2-dimensional distribution of larvae as determined by high-frequency plankton sampling and determination of trajectories of patches using satellite technology. We also conducted numerical model simulations of the early stages of patch formation and compared model outcomes to real world observations. Results of earlier investigations have shown that fiddler crab larvae are released near the time of high tide during nocturnal spring tidal periods. Our results indicate that newly hatched fiddler crab larvae are exported from small tidal rivers in a single, long continuous patch. These patches probably result from synchronized spawning of a large number of females. Along-stream dimensions of the patches at our sampling site were at least 8 to 9 km, and maximum densities of larvae were as high as 3 x 10(4) m(-3). Only part of each patch exited the river during the first ebb tide following hatching. Numerical simulations showed that the remaining portion exited the river during subsequent ebb tides following hatching. Patches observed in Delaware Bay were no longer constrained by the river banks and consequently spread out in response to dissipative physical processes; maximum densities were similar to 10(3) m(-3). Numerical simulations demonstrated a similar change in shape of patches as they entered the bay. Trajectories of bay patches were strongly influenced by tidal circulation, which resulted in transport of larvae back and forth along the shore of the bay at tidal frequency. Patches of Uca larvae were also observed on the inner shelf near the mouth of the bay. Shelf patches consisted mainly of advanced-stage zoea larvae, with maximum densities up to several hundred m(-3). Megalopae were also observed in patch-like aggregations, both in open bay water and in the river; densities were on the order of 10(2) m(-3). C1 Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Epifanio, CE (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. EM epi@udel.edu RI Steppe, Cecily/K-3388-2012 OI Steppe, Cecily/0000-0002-5448-3533 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 293 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.3354/meps293177 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 943WY UT WOS:000230387400017 ER PT J AU Martinez, AB Bourgeois, BS AF Martinez, Andrew B. Bourgeois, Brian S. TI Wavimeter SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE ocean waves; surface displacement measurement; wave parameter estimation AB A method of extracting wave parameters from surface displacement measured from a moving platform is presented. The article first presents a method for accurately measuring surface displacement using a single beam altimeter and heave sensor. A least squares approach is presented to estimate wave parameters using vessel velocity and perceived wave frequency that eliminates Doppler due to vessel motion. Two techniques for estimating wave frequency are presented: a block data method using MUSIC and a real-time method using demodulation. Sea trial results demonstrate that this method is as effective as a WaveRider buoy for estimating wave parameters. C1 [Martinez, Andrew B.] Tulane Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Bourgeois, Brian S.] Naval Res Lab, Code 7442, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Bourgeois, BS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 7442, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM bsb@nrlssc.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory [62435N] FX This work is funded by the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory under Program Element 62435N. The mention of commercial products or the use of company names does not in any way imply endorsement by the U.S. Navy. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NRL contribution number NRL/JA/7440-02-1012. The authors would like to thank William Avera of the Naval Research Laboratory for collecting and providing Waverider data. The authors would also like to acknowledge Steve Woolven of Applied Analytics Corporation for providing details regarding the POS/MV heave filter. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1080/01490410590884430 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA V43ZG UT WOS:000209718700001 ER PT S AU Willard, MA Francavilla, T Goswami, R Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Francavilla, T Goswami, R Harris, VG BE Chipara, M Edwards, DL Benson, RS Phillips, S TI Nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys for space applications SO Materials for Space Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Space Applications held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB This study focuses on a Co-based nanocrystalline alloy (Co84.55Fe4.45Zr7B4) with potential for long-term high temperature use. As an indication of their performance, core losses were measured on toroidal samples using a Walker AC permeameter over a frequency range of 0.1 to 500 kHz, at induction amplitudes of 100, 300, and 500 mT, and temperatures from 22 to 300 degrees C. For a given frequency and maximum induction amplitude, the losses were invariant as a function of measurement temperature. Vibrating sample magnetometry provided the magnetization and hysteretic losses as a function of temperature. As the temperature of the alloy was raised to 300 degrees C from room temperature, the saturation magnetization (120 emu/g)was reduced by less than 15%. A toroid was aged at 300 degrees C for up to 300 hours and core loss measured as a function of aging time at the previously mentioned frequencies and induction amplitudes. The losses were invariant over the aging time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Willard, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-799-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 851 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCK38 UT WOS:000229734500020 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, PM TI A note on start-up, plane couette flow involving second-grade fluids SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB We point out and correct several errors that appear in a recently published paper on transient flows of second-grade fluids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1024-123X J9 MATH PROBL ENG JI Math. Probl. Eng. PY 2005 IS 5 BP 539 EP 545 DI 10.1159/MPE.2005.539 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 020TA UT WOS:000235932100005 ER PT S AU Ebenstein, DM Park, J Kaplan, DL Wahl, KJ AF Ebenstein, DM Park, J Kaplan, DL Wahl, KJ BE Viney, C Katti, K Ulm, FJ Hellmich, C TI Nanomechanical and microstructural properties of Bombyx mori silk films SO Mechanical Properties of Bioinspired and Biological Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Properties of Bioinspired and Biological Materials held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hysitron Co ID SPIDER SILK; FIBROIN; BIOMATERIAL; BEHAVIOR AB Instrumented indentation and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the mechanical and structural properties of Bombyx mori silk films. Twelve different films were prepared from B. mori silk fibroin protein using a variety of post-deposition processing treatments (e.g. soaking in methanol, soaking in water, stretching, and/or enzymatic etching). The results show that different treatments lead to changes in both the conformation of the silk fibroin protein and the mechanical properties of the films. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ebenstein, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-792-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 844 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCF71 UT WOS:000229087800015 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Andrews, J Wilcox, CC Payne, DM AF Restaino, SR Andrews, J Wilcox, CC Payne, DM BE Henning, AK TI MEMs adaptive optics system on multiple telescopes: Experimental results SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications II CY JAN 24-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Semiconduct Equipment and Mat Int, Soild State Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE MEM; adaptive optics; wavefront compensation AB Adaptive optics techniques have been proved in both laboratory and field tests to the satisfaction especially of the astronomical and surveillance communities. Such success have sparked interests in other fields, however, to increase efficiency and lower costs new technologies have to be brought to fruition. MEMs are becoming a very important player in this arena. In this paper we describe a portable adaptive optics (AO) system that has been tested in both laboratory and field experiments. Results of these tests will be discussed. Capabilities and,shortcomings of this technology will be discussed. A look at future applications and trends will be given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7215,4550 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5691-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5717 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.593917 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCE48 UT WOS:000228860900007 ER PT S AU Wilcox, CC Restaino, SR Andrews, JR Payne, DM Teare, SW AF Wilcox, CC Restaino, SR Andrews, JR Payne, DM Teare, SW BE Henning, AK TI Mounting a deformable mirror onto a controllable tip/tilt platform SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications II CY JAN 24-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Semiconduct Equipment and Mat Int, Soild State Technol, Sandia Natl Lab AB In most adaptive optics systems, there are two elements that control wavefront correction. These are a tip/tilt platform and a deformable mirror. The tip/tilt platform can correct the lower order aberrations like piston, tip and tilt. The deformable mirror can correct the higher order aberrations like defocus, coma, spherical, etc. Currently in this method, two conjugate planes must be created by the two elements. It is also a necessity that these two conjugate planes be identical. This requires more optics and a more complicated alignment process. In this project a deformable mirror is mounted onto a tip/tilt platform resulting in the two correction elements having the same conjugate plane, automatically. This is made possible by the use of a lightweight deformable mirror, as traditional deformable mirrors tend to be quite large and bulky. Results of this experimental project will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, AFRL,DEBI, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wilcox, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, AFRL,DEBI, Code 7215,3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Wilcox, Christopher/0000-0001-5413-1901 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5691-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5717 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.593926 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCE48 UT WOS:000228860900008 ER PT S AU Doffoh, J Mereish, R Puckett, M AF Doffoh, Jonathan Mereish, Ray Puckett, Matthew GP IEEE TI Analysis and comparisons of acceleration protocols for TCP over satellite SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Networks utilizing Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-based communications over geostationary satellite links are impaired by TCP's inability to handle the large propagation delay and link losses that are inherent in satellite communications. TCP's control mechanisms cause such links to be underutilized, and in general perform below acceptable levels. Several methods have been researched and developed to overcome these problems. One of the most popular solutions has been the encapsulation of TCP in another protocol via an acceleration gateway. Such gateways optimize TCP traffic to use the full capacity of the available satellite link.,In this paper, an evaluation of the following encapsulation mechanisms are presented: Space Communications Protocol Standards (SCPS), Xpress Transport Protocol (XTP and, Transport Morphing Protocol (TMP), the evaluation involved performing comprehensive tests in a controlled laboratory environment. Results presented in this work compare and contrast the encapsulation methods over a variety of scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Doffoh, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 279 EP 285 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920500044 ER PT S AU Brown, C Kowalske, K Robertson, C AF Brown, Christopher Kowalske, Kyle Robertson, Clark GP IEEE TI Detection of frequency-hopped waveforms embedded in interference waveforms SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Military communication systems do not necessarily operate within FCC frequency bands. Hence, they may be subject to interference from other waveforms using the same frequency band In this paper we first investigate a technique to estimate the spectrum of competing signals utilizing the same bandwidth as a desired-frequency-hopped waveform. Next, we show that the desired frequency-hopped waveform can be recovered-from the composite received signal by dividing the composite signal spectrum by an estimate of the interference spectrum. Since the interference estimate is imperfect, spectral division is significantly better than spectral subtraction of the interference spectrum from the composite spectrum for the detection of frequency-hopped waveforms. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Brown, C (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 747 EP 753 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920501013 ER PT S AU Wilson, JW Stein, J Munjal, S Dwivedi, A AF Wilson, Jeffery W. Stein, James Munjal, Sunita Dwivedi, Anurag GP IEEE TI Capacity planning to meet QoS requirements of joint battle management and command and control (BMC2) applications SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB The U.S. Department of Defense is moving from net challenged communications to having fully integrated net-enabled operations and warfare. Shifting from vertically integrated systems and application-specific tactical data links to a horizontally integrated capability that exchanges data via application layer and Internet Protocols-over radio-frequency communication paths imposes significant operational and engineering challenges and opportunities. In the present vertically integrated systems, quality of service requirements (e.g., or acceptable loss rates, delay, delay variation, and throughput) are met through a combination of techniques such as circuit switching, forward error detection and correction, redundancy, and over-provisioning. Transitioning to weakly connected, multihop, packet-switched radio-frequency networks forces the development of application layer protocols that, in turn, depend upon quality of service guarantee mechanisms that interact with transport, network routing, and media access control protocols. Capacity planning (i.e., understanding QoS requirements, assessing network performance, and adapting the application to network constraints) plays a critical role in designing QoS mechanisms that enable applications to meet their performance requirements. Moreover, during operations, capacity planning becomes an integral part of the application itself when it is designed to adapt to the changing performance status of the network. In providing a better understanding of capacity planning and its role in developing robust applications, this paper discusses quality of service requirements (i.e., capacity, latency, jitter) and guarantees necessary to enable tactical battle management and command and control functionality with a mobile ad hoc network. It also discusses candidate quality of service mechanisms necessary to achieve both mutual consistency and distributed resource management requirements. Finally, the paper illustrates a capacity planning, model for Joint BMC2 applications with a presentation of the communications analysis done for DoD's Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP) program to under-stand SIAP communications requirements and better design QoS guarantee mechanisms for the SIAP application. C1 USN, CAPT, Arlington, VA USA. RP Wilson, JW (reprint author), USN, CAPT, Arlington, VA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 983 EP 989 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920501049 ER PT S AU Nguyen, GD Wieselthier, JE Ephremides, A AF Nguyen, Gam D. Wieselthier, Jeffrey E. Ephremides, Anthony GP IEEE TI Capture in wireless random-access networks with multiple destinations and a physical channel model SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB The capture effect in wireless random-access networks has been widely studied in the literature. Under capture, a transmission is successfully received at the destination, even in the presence of other transmissions, if the received signal to interference ratio exceeds a threshold. However, most studies of capture are limited to single-destination networks (such as an isolated base station in a cellular network). In this paper, we study capture in wireless networks that have multiple destinations. We use simulation to evaluate throughput performance for different networks, and demonstrate the impact of the capture threshold as well as the impact of the user distribution. The novelty of our approach includes capture under a realistic physical layer model and under the multiple-destination architecture that creates interference among users who transmit to different destinations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nguyen, GD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nguyen@itd.nrl.navy.mil; wieselthier@itd.nrl.navy.mil; etony@umd.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 1200 EP 1205 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920501083 ER PT S AU Kowalske, K Robertson, RC Waters, KA AF Kowalske, Kyle Robertson, R. Clark Waters, Kevin A. GP IEEE TI Effect of phase distortions caused by narrowband filtering frequency-hopped signals SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB We investigate the ability of finite impulse response (IIR), and infinite impulse response (HR) filters to remove narrowband interference from a frequency-hopped signal. It is possible to construct narrowband IIR filters with very few taps; however, these filters have a non-linear phase response, and Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that this increases the probability of bit error. FIR filters have a linear phase response, but require several orders of magnitude more taps to produce the same narrowband filter frequency response. Finally we consider forward and reverse processing with the IIR filter. By filtering the signal with an IIR filter and then time-reversing the signal and filtering it again, it is possible to have linear phase at the expense of an increase in processing complexity. Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that forward and reverse processing significantly reduces the probability of bit error when IIR fillers are used. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kowalske, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Rc, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 2402 EP 2405 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920503064 ER PT S AU Kragh, F Robertson, C Kao, CH AF Kragh, Frank Robertson, Clark Kao, Chihan GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of coherently detected signals transmitted over slow, flat, ricean fading channels SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Error probability analysis for communications systems often yields mathematics which defy analytical solution. In these situations, it is desirable, both for added insight and reduced computational burden, to carry the solution analytically as far as practical before resorting to numerical analysis. In this paper, the probabilities of bit error for coherently detected digital modulation techniques are analyzed. Approximate analytic solutions are developed for the probability of bit error when the signal is affected by the most commonly encountered impairment to system, performance for a wireless channel, the transmission of the signal over a fading channel. In this paper, the effect of a slow, flat Ricean fading channel on coherent communications systems performance is examined. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kragh, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 2434 EP 2440 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920503069 ER PT S AU Corretjer, I Minerath, D Porada, R Rupar, M AF Corretjer, Ivan Minerath, David Porada, Reed Rupar, Michael GP IEEE TI Dynamic access methodology for satellite-based networks SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE ID PERFORMANCE AB Current naval satellite-based networks allocate physical layer resources to users based on predetermined requirements analyses. Once the requirements are determined and resources allocated, they cannot be easily changed to adapt as actual situations warrant. A dynamic allocation process allows satellite resources to be reallocated based on the current requirements of the network users. Proposals and designs for next generation satellite systems are beginning to incorporate dynamic resource allocation features into their architectures. In this paper we present a methodology that automatically directs the use of physical layer resources for a satellite-based network according to network demands. The proposed methodology utilizes an "executive" to optimize and control the overall system utilization by incorporating information from transponder load, user prioritization, and real-time network requirements. To demonstrate our methodology we have implemented a non-propriety test-bed based on COTS hardware and equipment currently being utilized by the fleet. We also present results from tests that show the benefits of a dynamic architecture over a traditional static architecture. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Corretjer, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 2802 EP 2808 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920504019 ER PT S AU Qiu, J Abe, DK Levush, B Danly, BG Antonsen, TM Myers, RE AF Qiu, J. X. Abe, D. K. Levush, B. Danly, B. G. Antonsen, T. M., Jr. Myers, R. E. GP IEEE TI TWT performance enhancement using higher-order predistortion linearization techniques SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE ID BAND HELIX TWT; DIGITAL-COMMUNICATIONS; RF TRANSMITTERS; POWER AMPS; AMPLIFIERS; CHRISTINE; DESIGN AB Predistortion linearization is a very effective technique for improving the linearity and efficiency of traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifiers. In this report, we will study the effectiveness of predistortion techniques for TWT linearization using single-tone, two-tone, and quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) signals. The results from a series of predistortion linearization experiments for 5 TWTs covering L-, C-, Ku- and Ka-bands and including both helix and coupled-cavity TWTs will be presented. We will demonstrate the additional improvement of fifth-order predistortion linearization over the more commonly used third-order predistortion linearization. To circumvent the complexity and limited availability of a pure fifth-order linearizer, a technique for realizing nonlinear functions of order greater than or equal to five using cascaded third-order nonlinear functions is described. The technique can be used to efficiently generate higher-order nonlinearities for predistortion linearization applications. We will demonstrate experimentally that the use of two cascaded third-order functions is comparable to a pure fifth-order implementation in performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qiu, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 2830 EP 2836 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920504023 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI 'The Minstrel Boy to the war is gone' INTRODUCTION SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 1 EP + PG 19 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800001 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI THE ART OF COMMAND Concepts of military leadership SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 11 EP + PG 20 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800002 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI POLITICS, RELIGION AND WAR IN EARLY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 28 EP + PG 33 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800003 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI 'MISERABLE BLOODY DISTEMPERS' Civil War in the north SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 59 EP + PG 35 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800004 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI 'IN THE RANKS OF DEATH' Royalist defeat and the New Model Army, 1644-1647 SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 90 EP + PG 34 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800005 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI 'INEXORABLE THINGS' Civil War in the north, 1648 SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 119 EP + PG 29 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800006 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI 'MY BOW AND ARROWS' The Third Civil War, 1650-1651 SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 144 EP + PG 25 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800007 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI Military effectiveness: a relative assessment CONCLUSION SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 165 EP + PG 6 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800008 ER PT B AU Carpenter, SDM AF Carpenter, Stanley D. M. BA Carpenter, SDM BF Carpenter, SDM TI Biographical sketches SO MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS, 1642-1651: THE GENIUS OF THIS AGE SE Cass Military Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Carpenter, SDM (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-50404-8 J9 CASS MIL STUD PY 2005 BP 170 EP + PG 23 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BML52 UT WOS:000272731800009 ER PT J AU Berg, JS Grieger, TA Spira, JL AF Berg, JS Grieger, TA Spira, JL TI Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive appraisal following the near sinking of a research submarine SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 156th Annual Meeting of the American-Psychiatric-Association CY MAY 17-22, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Psychiat Assoc ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS; TRAUMA EXPOSURE; DEPRESSION; PERSONNEL AB Objective: This study assessed the stress reactions of a submarine crew forced to abandon their vessel in high seas after flooding and fire damaged their ship. Methods: The remaining crew members (n=22) were surveyed 7 months after the incident regarding exposures, initial emotional responses, peritraumatic dissociation, subsequent life events, current safety appraisal, and current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Results: At 7 months, 9.1% met criteria for PTSD and none met criteria for depression. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with previous traumatic exposures, subsequent life events, and higher levels of PTSD symptoms; higher levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with greater peritraumatic dissociation and initial emotional response. Conclusion: Acute exposures of highly trained professionals to potentially fatal events may not result in high levels of posttraumatic symptoms. Previous and subsequent life events may play a more significant role in the level of postdisaster symptoms. C1 USN, Mental Hlth Serv Dept, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), USN, Mental Hlth Serv Dept, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 6 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800008 PM 15724853 ER PT J AU Bobb, AJ Arfsten, DP Jederberg, WW AF Bobb, AJ Arfsten, DP Jederberg, WW TI N-acetyl-L-cysteine as prophylaxis against sulfur mustard SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; DOUBLE-BLIND; IN-VITRO; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ACETYLCYSTEINE; GLUTATHIONE; APOPTOSIS; RAT; CYTOTOXICITY AB Sulfur mustard (HD) is a blister agent targeting the eyes, respiratory system, skin, and possibly other organs. Extensive exposure can destroy the immune system by destruction of bone marrow cells. There is no antidote for HD or effective treatment other than rapid decontamination. Clinical trials have demonstrated activity for N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against a number of significant human pathologies involving free radicals, and animal and tissue studies have suggested efficacy for NAC as a chemoprotectant against many toxic chemicals. Among these are studies demonstrating that NAC significantly reduces the effects of HD and HD simulants, both in cultured cells and animals. Given the historical effectiveness of HD, the lack of any effective treatment, the demonstrated chemoprotective properties of NAC, its low toxicity, the lack of regulatory controls, and the data supporting efficacy against HD effects, we suggest daily oral administration of the maximum safe dose of NAC to personnel entering combat zones. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bobb, AJ (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, 2729 R St,Bldg 837,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Bobb, Andrew/0000-0002-2369-8566 NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800010 PM 15724855 ER PT J AU Carson, WK Mecklenburg, B AF Carson, WK Mecklenburg, B TI The role of radiology in dive-related disorders SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM; PATENT FORAMEN OVALE; DYSBARIC OSTEONECROSIS; DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; DIVING FATALITY; SCUBA-DIVER; BAROTRAUMA; BONE; DOPPLER AB Recreational scuba diving has continued to grow in popularity in the past several decades, and military diving remains an integral part of ship husbandry, explosives and ordinance disposal, and special warfare. Although relatively uncommon, disorders such as decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism can be fatal, whereas disorders such as ear barotrauma and dysbaric osteonecrosis are not fatal but can cause significant morbidity. An extensive literature search was performed to comprehensively examine the current role of diagnostic radiology with respect to diving medicine. In selected cases, diagnostic imaging can be of potential benefit for evaluation. Diagnostic imaging plays a useful role in the screening of certain individuals for future fitness to dive. Radiological imaging has also been of paramount importance in postmortem evaluation of dive casualties. C1 USN, Stn Ingleside, Fleet Support Act, Ingleside, TX 78362 USA. USN, Dept Anesthesia, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Carson, WK (reprint author), USN, Stn Ingleside, Fleet Support Act, 120 Coral Sea Rd,Suite 165, Ingleside, TX 78362 USA. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800011 PM 15724856 ER PT J AU Alam, HB Burris, D DaCorta, JA Rhee, P AF Alam, HB Burris, D DaCorta, JA Rhee, P TI Hemorrhage control in the battlefield: Role of new hemostatic agents SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FIBRIN SEALANT DRESSINGS; COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; V LIVER-INJURIES; BLOOD-LOSS; VENOUS HEMORRHAGE; HEPATIC-INJURY; GROIN INJURY; SWINE MODEL; SURVIVAL; CHITOSAN AB Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable combat-related deaths. The vast majority of these deaths occur in the field before the injured can be transported to a treatment facility. Early control of hemorrhage remains the most effective strategy for treating combat casualties. A number of hemostatic agents have recently been deployed to the warfront that can be used to arrest bleeding before surgical control of the source. The purpose of this article is to summarize the background information regarding these hemostatic agents, indications and rationale for their use, and characteristics of these products that may impact effectiveness. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Trauma Res & Readiness Inst Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, Navy Trauma Training Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Alam, HB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Trauma Res & Readiness Inst Surg, Room A-3021,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM halam@usuhs.mil NR 35 TC 120 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 22 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800012 PM 15724857 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE AF Booth-Kewley, S Larson, GE TI Predictors of psychiatric hospitalization in the Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-DISORDERS; US-NAVY; MILITARY; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; ATTRITION; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; FAILURE; ILLNESS AB Mental disorders represent an important source of morbidity among U.S. military personnel and are a common reason for early separation from the military. The objective of this study was to identify factors predictive of hospitalization for mental health disorders in a large sample of enlisted Navy personnel. Demographic variables and a variety of psychosocial variables assessed on the Sailors' Health Inventory Program questionnaire were studied as predictors of psychiatric hospitalization. Three psychiatric categories were examined: adjustment reaction, personality disorder, and all other mental health disorders. Several variables were significantly predictive of all three categories of psychiatric hospitalization: female gender, low education level, history of abuse (physical, emotional, or sexual), and tobacco smoking. The results of this study support efforts to develop better psychological screening methods and potential interventions aimed at helping recruits adapt to military life. C1 USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JG UT WOS:000235830800016 PM 15724861 ER PT J AU Washburn, A AF Washburn, A TI The bang-soak theory of missile attack and terminal defense SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Analyses of the terminal defense of a set of targets by anti-ballistic missiles are generally conducted under the assumption that all attacking reentry vehicles are identical. This paper generalizes to the case where the attacking arsenal is mixed, the main motivation being that a mixed attacking arsenal can contain decoys that are harmless to targets, but which can still "soak up" defenders. All defenders are assumed to be perfect, and the main focus of the paper is on cases where the attack is comparatively weak. A kind of Prim-Read defense results. A simple method for deriving an upper bound on damage is described and illustrated. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Washburn, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM washbum@nps.navy.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 934UP UT WOS:000229734600002 ER PT J AU Campenot, ES Shikle, JF Lin, MY AF Campenot, ES Shikle, JF Lin, MY TI Differences in high risk human papilloma virus testing results in pregnant and non-pregnant women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 270 BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117900271 ER PT J AU Gaver, DP Jacobs, PA Seglie, EA AF Gaver, Donald P. Jacobs, Patricia A. Seglie, Ernest A. BE Wilson, A Limnios, N KellerMcNulty, S Armijo, Y TI DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMS UNDERGOING EVOLUTIONARY ACQUISITION SO MODERN STATISTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN RELIABILITY SE Series in Quality Reliability and Engineering Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Procurement of modern military systems is made timely and effective by invoking evolutionary acquisition and spiral development. This process is dynamic: an initial system version (Block 1) is designed, manufactured, tested, and fielded while next generation's (Block 2) altered improved subsystems are simultaneously developed (along an upward technological spiral of effectiveness and suitability). Developmental and operational tests determine when Block 2 provides a measurable and operationally significant improvement over, or complement to Block 1. Inferred cost and capability of Block 2 dictates its introduction time, and so on to Block 3, etc. Enemy adaption to the capabilities of current blocks accelerates the transitions to new versions and concepts of operations (CONOPS); otherwise the current Block eventually becomes technically obsolete. Concepts of effectiveness and suitability growth, and mutation, must be encouraged and quantified, initially using exploratory models, but later tested against challenging but realistic opposition and environments. Such exploratory models are furnished. C1 [Gaver, Donald P.; Jacobs, Patricia A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Seglie, Ernest A.] Pentagon, Operat Test & Evaluat, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Gaver, DP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM dgaver@nps.edu; pajacobs@nps.edu; Ernest.Seglie@osd.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81270-337-8 J9 SER QUAL RELIAB ENG PY 2005 VL 10 BP 191 EP 204 D2 10.1142/9789812703378 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BZB87 UT WOS:000301061200015 ER PT J AU Martinez-Miranda, LJ McCarthy, K Kurihara, LK Noel, A AF Martinez-Miranda, LJ McCarthy, K Kurihara, LK Noel, A TI Effect of magnetic nanoparticles and their functionalization on liquid crystal order SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Biennial International Liquid Crystal Conference CY JUL 04-09, 2004 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP Int Liquid Crystal Soc DE liquid crystal reorientation; magnetic field; magnetic nanoparticles; surface termination ID FERROSMECTICS; SCATTERING; PHASE AB We have added magnetic nanoparticles with a different surface termination (functionalization) to smectic A 8CB liquid crystals and studied their effects on the order of the liquid crystal. This is done by looking at the liquid crystals both with polarized optical microscopy and by X-ray scattering. Adding the magnetic nanoparticles improves the liquid crystal's response to a magnetic field by at least one to two orders of magnitude. We have performed the experiments with four types of organic compounds covering the nanoparticles and have found that with 11nm particles covered with polyethelene glycol (PEG) 3000 the liquid crystal exhibits the largest effect as a function of the applied magnetic field. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, REU Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Martinez-Miranda, LJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ljmm@umd.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2005 VL 435 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.1080/15421400590954894 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 947MX UT WOS:000230651400008 ER PT J AU Eklund, EA Newell, JW Sun, LW Seo, NS Alper, G Willert, J Freeze, HH AF Eklund, EA Newell, JW Sun, LW Seo, NS Alper, G Willert, J Freeze, HH TI Molecular and clinical description of the first US patients with congenital disorder of glycosylation Ig SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE N-glycosylation; hALG12; genital hypoplasia; hypogammaglobulinemia; mannosyltransferase ID MANNOSYLTRANSFERASE; DEFICIENCY AB In this report we describe the first two US patients with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ig (CDG-Ig). Both patients presented with symptoms indicating CDG, including developmental delay, hypotonia and failure to thrive, and tested positive for deficient glycosylation of transferrin. Labeling of the patients' lipid-linked oligosaccharides suggested mutations in the hALG12 gene, encoding a mannosyltransferase. Both patients were shown to carry previously unpublished hALG12-mutations. Patient I has one allele with a deletion of G29, resulting in a premature stop codon, and another allele with an 824G > A mutation yielding an S275N amino acid change. Patient 2 carries two heterozygous mutations (688T > G and 931C > T), resulting in two amino acid exchanges, Y230D and R311C. An adenoviral vector expressing wild type hALG12 corrects the abnormal lipid-linked oligosaccharide pattern of the patients' cells. In addition to common CDG symptoms, these patients also presented with low IgG and genital hypoplasia, symptoms previously described in CDG-Ig patients. We therefore conclude that a combination of developmental delay, low IgG, and genital hypoplasia should prompt CDG testing. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Burnham Inst, Glycobiol & Carbohydrate Chem Program, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Child Neurol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Hosp Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Freeze, HH (reprint author), Burnham Inst, Glycobiol & Carbohydrate Chem Program, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM hudson@burnham.org OI Freeze, Hudson/0000-0001-6316-0501; Newell, John/0000-0001-7685-6655 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK65615] NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 84 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.09.014 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 899VL UT WOS:000227173700005 PM 15639192 ER PT S AU Johnson, RW Melich, ME Michalewicz, Z Schmidt, M AF Johnson, RW Melich, ME Michalewicz, Z Schmidt, M BE DuninKeplicz, B Jankowski, A Skowron, A Szczuka, M TI Coevolutionary processes for strategic decisions SO MONITORING, SECURITY, AND RESCUE TECHNIQUES IN MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Monitoring, Security, and Rescue Techniques in Multiagent Systems CY JUN 07-09, 2004 CL Plock, POLAND ID ITERATED PRISONERS-DILEMMA; NEURAL-NETWORKS; BEHAVIORS; CHECKERS AB We present a description and initial results of a computer code that coevolves Fuzzy Logic rules to play a two-sided zero-sum competitive game. It is based on the TEMPO Military Planning Game that has been used to teach resource allocation to over 20,000 students over the past 40 years. No feasible algorithm for optimal play is known. The coevolved rules, when pitted against human players, usually win the first few competitions. For reasons not yet understood, the evolved rules (found in a symmetrical competition) place no value on information concerning the play of the opponent. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Wayne E Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Wayne E Meyer Inst Syst Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1615-3871 BN 3-540-23245-1 J9 ADV SOFT COMP PY 2005 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1007/3-540-32370-8_6 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCA70 UT WOS:000228476800006 ER PT J AU Hamzi, B Kang, W Krener, AJ AF Hamzi, B Kang, W Krener, AJ TI The controlled center dynamics SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear systems; control bifurcations; center manifold theorem ID NONLINEAR CONTROL-SYSTEMS; LOCAL FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; BIFURCATION CONTROL; NORMAL-FORM; UNCONTROLLABLE MODE; STATE-FEEDBACK; LINEARIZATION AB The center manifold theorem is a model reduction technique for determining the local asymptotic stability of an equilibrium of a dynamical system when its linear part is not hyperbolic. The overall system is asymptotically stable if and only if the center manifold dynamics is asymptotically stable. This allows for a substantial reduction in the dimension of the system whose asymptotic stability must be checked. Moreover, the center manifold and its dynamics need not be computed exactly; frequently, a low degree approximation is sufficient to determine its stability. The controlled center dynamics plays a similar role in determining local stabilizability of an equilibrium of a control system when its linear part is not stabilizable. It is a reduced order control system with a pseudoinput to be chosen in order to stabilize it. If this is successful, then the overall control system is locally stabilizable to the equilibrium. Again, usually low degree approximation suffices. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hamzi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, 1 Shields Ave,Kerr Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hamzi@math.ucdavis.edu; wkang@nps.edu; krener@math.ucdavis.edu RI Hamzi, Boumediene/C-6469-2015 OI Hamzi, Boumediene/0000-0002-9446-2614 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 4 BP 838 EP 852 DI 10.1137/040603139 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 936BB UT WOS:000229826400007 ER PT S AU Contarino, VM Molchanov, PA Podobna, YY Petrosyuk, IM AF Contarino, VM Molchanov, PA Podobna, YY Petrosyuk, IM BE Larar, AM Suzuki, M Tong, Q TI Neuro-fuzzy logic application for hyperspectral remote sensing SO MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Instruments and Applications II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE neuro-fuzzy logic; hyperspectral remote sensing system; neural network AB The original approach for the optical information processing for the hyperspectral remote sensing systems is developed on the union basis of the two mathematical tools: fuzzy logic and neural network. The optical information processing includes the complicated calculations and final results can give a large error. it is well known that there are large number of input parameters and some there uncertainty in the case of information processing of hyperspectral remote sensing systems. The using of statistical and determined models give the result having quite a large error of optical information processing and the given calculations take a lot of time to compute. Therefore the neoro-fazzy logic application can be more expediency for processing of opto-electronic signals. C1 USN, Air Syst Command Res & Engn Grp, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Contarino, VM (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command Res & Engn Grp, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5616-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5655 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1117/12.577955 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BBT08 UT WOS:000227663600040 ER PT S AU Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H AF Uyeda, HT Medintz, IL Mattoussi, H BE Cartwright, AN Osinski, M TI Synthesis of surface ligands to prepare hydrophilic and biologically compatible quantum dots SO Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dot; bioconjugation; synthesis; ligands ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE; PROTEIN AB We describe a versatile scheme to prepare an array of multidentate surface capping molecules. Such materials permit strong interactions with semiconductor nanocrystals and render them water compatible. These ligands were synthesized by reacting various chain length poly (ethylene glycols) with thioctic acid, followed by ring opening of the dithiolane moiety. Functionalization of CdSe-ZnS quantum dots with these ligands allow processing of the nanocrystals not only in aqueous but in many other polar solvents. Further synthetic processing of the ligands with biotin moieties allowed for investigating assays based on the avidin-biotin interactions. These ligands provide a straightforward means of preparing QDs that exhibit greater resistance to environmental changes, making them more amenable for use in live cell imaging and other biotechnological applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Uyeda, HT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5679-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5705 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.590494 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCH92 UT WOS:000229367700017 ER PT S AU Medintz, IL Goldman, ER Clapp, AR Uyeda, HT Lassman, ME Hayhurst, A Mattoussi, H AF Medintz, IL Goldman, ER Clapp, AR Uyeda, HT Lassman, ME Hayhurst, A Mattoussi, H BE Cartwright, AN Osinski, M TI A fluorescence resonance energy transfer quantum dot explosive nanosensor SO NANOBIOPHOTONICS AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum dot; nanotechnology; blosensor; fluorescence resonance energy-transfer; explosive; antibody ID PROTEIN; DONORS; VISUALIZATION; NANOCRYSTALS; CELLS AB Quantum dots (QDs) are a versatile synthetic photoluminescent nanomaterial whose chemical and photo-physical properties suggest that they may be superior to conventional organic fluorophores for a variety of biosensing applications. We have previously investigated QD-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) interactions by using the E. coli bacterial periplasmic binding protein - maltose binding protein (MBP) which was site-specifically dye-labeled and self assembled onto the QD surface and allowed us to monitor FRET between the QD donor and the acceptor dye. FRET efficiency increased as a function of the number of dye-acceptor moieties arrayed around the QD donor. We used this system to further demonstrate a prototype FRET based biosensor that functioned in the chemical/nutrient sensing of maltose. There are a number of potential benefits to using this type of QD-FRET based biosensing strategy. The protein attached to the QDs surface functions as a biosensing and blorecognition element in this configuration while the QD acts as both nanoscaffold and FRET energy donor. In this report, we show that the sensor design can be extended to target a completely unrelated analyte, namely the explosive TNT. The sensor consists of anti-TNT antibody fragments self-assembled onto the QD surface with a dye-labeled analog of TNT (TNB coupled to AlexaFluor 555 dye) prebound in the fragment binding site. The close proximity of dye to QD establishes a baseline level of FRET and addition of TNT displaces the TNB-dye analog, recovering QD photoluminescence in a concentration dependent manner. Potential benefits of this QD sensing strategy are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5679-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5705 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.589644 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCH92 UT WOS:000229367700022 ER PT S AU Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Fisher, BR Mattoussi, H AF Clapp, AR Medintz, IL Fisher, BR Mattoussi, H BE Cartwright, AN Osinski, M TI Are luminescent quantum dots efficient energy acceptors? SO Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor nanocrystals; recombinant protein; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; organic dyes ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PROTEIN; DONORS AB Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were used to investigate the ability of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) to function as efficient energy acceptors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) binding assays with organic dye donors. Fluorescent dyes, AlexaFluor 488 or Cy3, were used with various QD acceptors in QD-dye-labeled-protein conjugates. Data derived from both sets of experiments showed no apparent FRET from dye to QD. The collected data were discussed within the framework of a competition between a fast radiative decay rate of the donor excitation and a slower FRET decay rate. This is due to the long exciton lifetime of the acceptor compared to that of the dye, combined with substantial QD direct excitation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clapp, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5679-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5705 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1117/12.590989 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCH92 UT WOS:000229367700024 ER PT J AU Zerrouki, C Pendrill, LR Bennett, JM Haidar, Y de Fornel, F Pinot, P AF Zerrouki, C. Pendrill, L. R. Bennett, J. M. Haidar, Y. de Fornel, F. Pinot, P. BE Wilkening, G Koenders, L TI Investigation of the Surface Roughness Measurement of Mass Standards SO NANOSCALE CALIBRATION STANDARDS AND METHODS: DIMENSIONAL AND RELATED MEASUREMENTS IN THE MICRO- AND NANOMETER RANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAUGE BLOCKS; MICROSCOPE; SCATTERING; FORCE; LIGHT AB The surface roughness of weights in the nanometer and micrometer range is an important surface quality factor that can affect the stability of these mass standards. The mass metrologist is faced with a choice between a wide variety of methods of measuring surface roughness. To aid the mass metrologist in this choice, a number of different laboratories participated in a EUROMET Mass Project 551 to investigate the applicability of five techniques in measuring the surface roughness of four "typical" mass standards ranging from 50 g to 2 kg. Most methods were noncontact, of particular interest for mass metrology, including the optical angle resolved scattering, total integrated scattering, and near field scanning optical microscopy, complemented by mechanical profilometry. Results obtained from these techniques yielded different roughness values because of the different vertical and lateral resolutions and surface spatial frequency bandwidth limits. Also, defects on the surfaces of some weights were associated with particular surface spatial frequencies. This review may be useful as a basis for future studies relevant to mass metrology, such as: the ranges of surface spatial frequencies that have a primary effect on mass stability; assessing the effectiveness of cleaning methods, by comparing roughness measurements made before and after cleaning; and improving the manufacturing process by measuring surface roughness for each polishing step. C1 [Zerrouki, C.; Pinot, P.] BNM INM Cnam, F-292 Paris, France. [Pendrill, L. R.] Swedish Natl Testing & Res Inst, Boras, Sweden. [Bennett, J. M.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. [Haidar, Y.; de Fornel, F.] Equipe Opt Champ Proche LPUB, Dijon, France. RP Zerrouki, C (reprint author), BNM INM Cnam, F-292 Paris, France. EM Zerrouki@cnam.fr NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-3-527-60666-5 PY 2005 BP 424 EP 433 DI 10.1002/3527606661.ch32 D2 10.1002/3527606661 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BYE59 UT WOS:000298233300032 ER PT S AU McMahon, MM Firkin, EC AF McMahon, MM Firkin, EC BE Lorenz, P Dini, P TI Performance of a hub-based Network-centric application over the iridium satellite network SO NETWORKING - ICN 2005, PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Networking (ICN 2005) CY APR 17-21, 2005 CL Reunion Isl, FRANCE AB The hub-and-spoke architecture of a star network dates to the telecommunications central switching office. However, its benefits are only beginning to be explored in network-centric global applications. The hub facilitates interaction between dissimilar and distant systems. It serves multiple roles: translator between communication formats; subscription manager; multilevel data access controller; and data repository. A network application has expectations of latency. Network-centric application developers need to understand the underlying performance of the spokes used to communicate with the hub. This understanding becomes more difficult when commercial spokes are used. This paper describes the requirements for a hub that performs global networking, the implementation efforts to date, and the plans for future work. It addresses the methods used to gain insight into the performance of spokes when they are implemented by commercial network services. Results are presented for an example spoke technology, the Iridium satellite network. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Raytheon Solipsys Corp, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP McMahon, MM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 572M Holloway Rd,9F, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM mmmcmahn@usna.edu; eric.firkin@solipsys.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25338-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3421 BP 575 EP 584 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCF68 UT WOS:000229083500066 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Slikhareva, M Barker, JL Maric, D Hao, Y Chang, YH Ma, W O'Shaughnessy, T Rubinow, DR AF Zhang, L Slikhareva, M Barker, JL Maric, D Hao, Y Chang, YH Ma, W O'Shaughnessy, T Rubinow, DR TI Direct binding of estradiol enhances Slack (sequence like a calcium-activated potassium channel) channels' activity SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE estrogen; ion channel; neuron; electrophysiology; non-genomic; estrogen receptor ID MEMBRANE ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HYPOTHALAMIC NEURONS; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MESSENGER-RNA; BETA-SUBUNIT; RAT; KINASE AB 17beta-Estradiol (E2) is a major neuroregulator, exerting both genomic and non-genomic actions. E2 regulation of Slack (sequence like a calcium-activated potassium channel) potassium channels has not been identified in the CNS. We demonstrate E2-induced activation of Slack channels, which display a unitary conductance of about 60 pS, are inhibited by intracellular calcium, and are abundantly expressed in the nervous system. In lipid bilayers derived from rat cortical neuronal membranes, E2 increases Slack open probability and appears to decrease channel inactivation. Additionally, E2 binds to the Slack channel and activates outward currents in human embryonic kidney-293 cells that express Slack channels but not classical estrogen receptors (i.e. ERa or ERP). Neither E2-induced activation nor the binding intensity of E2 to the Slack channel is blocked by tamoxifen, an ER antagonist/agonist. Thus, E2 activates a potassium channel, Slack, through a non-traditional membrane binding site, adding to known non-genomic mechanisms by which E2 exerts pharmacological and toxicological effects in the CNS. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO. C1 NIMH, NIH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Mol Pathophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), NIMH, NIH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, Bldg 10,Room 65340,MSC 1276, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM lezhang@usuhs.mil NR 55 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PY 2005 VL 131 IS 2 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.10.042 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 901BQ UT WOS:000227258400003 PM 15708472 ER PT S AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ BE Ashkenazi, J Eremin, MV Cohn, JL Ilya, E Manske, D Pavuna, D Zou, F TI Enhanced T-C near the metal/insulator transition: A new perspective on unconventional superconducting materials SO NEW CHALLENGES IN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: EXPERIMENTAL ADVANCES AND EMERGING THEORIES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on New Challenges in Superconductivity CY JAN 11-FEB 14, 2004 CL Miami, FL SP NATO DE metal insulator transition; superconductivity; HTS; cuprates; oxides; disordered metals ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; AMORPHOUS SI1-XAUX SYSTEM; SPIN-ORBIT SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; ALLOY-FILMS; SI; NB; TUNGSTEN AB Many apparently unrelated systems, including disordered metals and metallic oxides, undergo a metal/insulator transition (MIT) when their carrier concentrations are reduced and/or their disorder is increased. We have found that the superconducting transition temperature, T,, of such materials is very often enhanced in the vicinity of the MIT. We have constructed superconductivity phase diagrams (T-c vs sigma, the conductivity) for many materials whose only common feature is proximity to the MIT and found that they are remarkably similar. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-3083-5 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2005 VL 183 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1007/1-4020-3085-1_19 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BDR94 UT WOS:000235156100019 ER PT S AU Oran, ES AF Oran, ES BE Fujii, K Nakahashi, K Obayashi, S Komurasaki, S TI Thermonuclear supernovae: Combining astrophysical and terrestrial combustion SO NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SE Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Nobeyama Workshop on New Century of Computational Fluid Dynamics CY APR 21-24, 2003 CL Nobeyama, JAPAN ID TO-DETONATION TRANSITION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLAME; SHOCK; INITIATION; DYNAMICS AB This paper describes how numerical simulations of laboratory-sca-le experiments can be used to learn about the physics of supernova explosions. Simulations of shock-flame interactions that occur in a laboratory shock-tube experiment are used to study relevant physical mechanisms of the transition of a deflagration to a detonation. Then simulations of the deflagration stage of a Type la thermonuclear supernovae are performed to evaluate whether a deflagration alone is enough to account for astronomical observations. The conclusion is that the deflagration model alone is inadequate energetically, so there must be a transition to a detonation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oran, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Code 6404, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1612-2909 BN 3-540-27407-3 J9 NOTES NUMER FLUID ME PY 2005 VL 90 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1007/3-540-31261-7_2 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA BDQ41 UT WOS:000234887000002 ER PT S AU Ammar, GS Gragg, WB He, CY AF Ammar, GS Gragg, WB He, CY BE Dayawansa, WP Lindquist, A Zhou, Y TI An efficient QR algorithm for a Hessenberg submatrix of a unitary matrix SO NEW DIRECTIONS AND APPLICATIONS IN CONTROL THEORY SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference in Honor of Clyde Martins 60th Birthday on New Directions and Applications in Control Theory CY NOV 14-15, 2003 CL Lubbock, TX ID CONQUER ALGORITHM; SZEGO POLYNOMIALS; EIGENPROBLEM; CONVERGENCE; COMPUTATION AB We describe an efficient procedure for implementing the Hessenberg QR algorithm on a class of matrices that we refer to as subunitary matrices. This class includes the set of Szego-Hessenberg matrices, whose characteristic polynomials are Szego polynomials, i.e., polynomials orthogonal with respect to a measure on the unit circle in the complex plane. Computing the zeros of Szego polynomials is important in time series analysis and in the design and implementation of digital filters. For example, these zeros are the poles of autoregressive filters. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Math Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Stat, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Ammar, GS (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Math Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM ammar@math.niu.edu; bill_gragg@yahoo.com; chunyang@sbcglobal.net NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 3-540-23953-7 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2005 VL 321 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BDE43 UT WOS:000233074300001 ER PT S AU Krener, AJ Kang, W Hamzi, B Tall, I AF Krener, AJ Kang, W Hamzi, B Tall, I BE Dayawansa, WP Lindquist, A Zhou, Y TI Low codimension control singularities for single input nonlinear systems SO NEW DIRECTIONS AND APPLICATIONS IN CONTROL THEORY SE LECTURE NOTES IN CONTROL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference in Honor of Clyde Martins 60th Birthday on New Directions and Applications in Control Theory CY NOV 14-15, 2003 CL Lubbock, TX C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Krener, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Hamzi, Boumediene/C-6469-2015 OI Hamzi, Boumediene/0000-0002-9446-2614 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 3-540-23953-7 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2005 VL 321 BP 181 EP 192 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BDE43 UT WOS:000233074300011 ER PT S AU Ross, IM AF Ross, IM BE Belbruno, E TI A roadmap for optimal control - Right way to commute SO NEW TRENDS IN ASTRODYNAMICS AND APPLICATIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications II CY JUN 03-05, 2005 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ SP NASA Headquarters, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY City Chapter HO Princeton Univ DE optimal control; distributed space systems; covector mapping principle AB Optimal control theory is the foundation for many problems in astrodynamics. Typical examples are trajectory design and optimization, relative motion control of distributed space systems and attitude steering. Many such problems in astrodynamics are solved by an alternative route of mathematical analysis and deep physical insight, in part because of the perception that an optimal control framework generates hard problems. Although this is indeed true of the Bellman and Pontryagin frameworks, the covector mapping principle provides a neoclassical approach that renders hard problems easy. That is, although the origins of this philosophy can be traced back to Bernoulli and Euler, it is essentially modern as a result of the strong linkage between approximation theory, set-valued analysis and computing technology. Motivated by the broad success of this approach, mission planners are now conceiving and demanding higher performance from space systems. This has resulted in new set of theoretical and computational problems. Recently, under the leadership of NASA-GRC, several workshops were held to address some of these problems. This paper outlines the theoretical issues stemming from practical problems in astrodynamics. Emphasis is placed on how it pertains to advanced mission design problems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM imross@nps.navy.mil NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-630-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1065 BP 210 EP 231 DI 10.1196/annals.1370.015 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Mechanics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEC73 UT WOS:000236816300013 PM 16510411 ER PT S AU Efroimsky, M AF Efroimsky, Michael BE Belbruno, E TI Gauge freedom in orbital mechanics SO NEW TRENDS IN ASTRODYNAMICS AND APPLICATIONS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications II CY JUN 03-05, 2005 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ SP NASA Headquarters, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY City Chapter HO Princeton Univ DE gauge freedom; orbital mechanics; celestial mechanics; planetary equations; orbital elements; osculating elements ID LONG-TERM EVOLUTION; N-BODY PROBLEM; OBLATE PLANET; PRECESSION AB Both orbital and attitude dynamics employ the method of variation of parameters. In a non-perturbed setting, the coordinates (or the Euler angles) are expressed as functions of the time and six adjustable constants called elements. Under disturbance, each such expression becomes ansatz, the "constants" being endowed with time dependence. The perturbed velocity (linear or angular) consists of a partial time derivative and a convective term containing time derivatives of the "constants." It can be shown that this construction leaves one with a freedom to impose three arbitrary conditions on the "constants" and/or their derivatives. Out of convenience, the Lagrange constraint is often imposed. It nullifies the convective term and thereby guarantees that under perturbation the functional dependence of the velocity upon the time and "constants" stays the same as in the undisturbed case. "Constants" obeying this condition are called osculating elements. The "constants" chosen to be canonical, are called Delaunay elements, in the orbital case, or Andoyer elements, in the spin case. (Because some of the Andoyer elements are time dependent, even in the free-spin case, the role of "constants" is played by the initial values of these elements.) The Andoyer and Delaunay sets of elements share a feature not readily apparent: in certain cases the standard equations render these elements non-osculating. In orbital mechanics, elements calculated via the standard planetary equations turn out to be non-osculating when perturbations depend on velocities. To keep elements osculating under such perturbations, the equations must be amended with additional terms that are not parts of the disturbing function (Efroimsky and Goldreich 2003, 2004). For the Kepler elements, this merely complicates the equations. In the case of Delaunay parameterization, these extra terms not only complicate the equations, but also destroy their canonicity. So under velocity-dependent disturbances, osculation and canonicity are incompatible. Similarly, in spin dynamics the Andoyer elements turn out to be non-osculating under angular-velocity-dependent perturbation (a switch to a noninertial frame being one such case). Amendment of the dynamical equations only with extra terms in the Hamiltonian makes the equations render nonosculating Andoyer elements. To make them osculating, more terms must enter the equations (and the equations will no longer be canonical). It is often convenient to deliberately deviate from osculation by substituting the Lagrange constraint with an arbitrary condition that gives birth to a family of nonosculating elements. The freedom in choosing this condition is analogous to the gauge freedom. Calculations in nonosculating variables are mathematically valid and sometimes highly advantageous, but their physical interpretation is nontrivial. For example, nonosculating orbital elements parameterize instantaneous conics not tangent to the orbit, so the nonosculating inclination will be different from the real inclination of the physical orbit. We present examples of situations in which ignorance of the gauge freedom (and of the unwanted loss of osculation) leads to oversights. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Efroimsky, M (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM efroimsky.michael@usno.navy.mil OI Efroimsky, Michael/0000-0003-1249-9622 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-630-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1065 BP 346 EP 374 DI 10.1196/annals.1370.016 PG 29 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Mechanics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEC73 UT WOS:000236816300022 PM 16510420 ER PT B AU Brown, GG Carlyle, WM Royset, JO Wood, RK AF Brown, GG Carlyle, WM Royset, JO Wood, RK BE Golden, BL Raghavan, S Wasil, E TI On the complexity of delaying an adversary's project SO NEXT WAVE IN COMPUTING, OPTIMIZATION, AND DECISION TECHNOLOGIES SE OPERATIONS RESEARCH/COMPUTER SCIENCE INTERFACES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th INFORMS-Computing-Society Conference CY JAN 05-07, 2005 CL Annapolis, MD SP INFORMS Comp Soc DE interdiction; PERT; NP-complete ID NETWORK INTERDICTION; DECISION CPM; ALGORITHM AB A "project manager" wishes to complete a project (e.g., a weaponsdevelopment program) as quickly as possible. Using a limited interdiction budget, an "interdictor" wishes to delay the project's overall completion time by interdicting and thereby delaying some of the project's component tasks. We explore a variety of PERT-based interdiction models for such problems and show that the resulting problem complexities run the gamut: polynomiaLly solvable, weakly NP-complete, strongly NP-complete or NP-hard. We suggest methods for solving the problems that are easier than worst-case complexity implies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Wood, Kevin/0000-0002-0311-8712 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23528-0 J9 OPERAT RES COMP SCI PY 2005 VL 29 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBY57 UT WOS:000228326300001 ER PT B AU Bradley, GH AF Bradley, GH BE Golden, BL Raghavan, S Wasil, E TI Network and graph markup language (NaGML) - Data file formats SO NEXT WAVE IN COMPUTING, OPTIMIZATION, AND DECISION TECHNOLOGIES SE OPERATIONS RESEARCH/COMPUTER SCIENCE INTERFACES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th INFORMS-Computing-Society Conference CY JAN 05-07, 2005 CL Annapolis, MD SP INFORMS Comp Soc DE networks; graphs; Extensible Markup Language; xml; XML Schema; open source; data file format AB The Network and Graph Markup Language (NaGML) is a family of Extensible Markup Language (xml) languages for network and graph data files. The topology, node properties, and arc properties are validated against the user's specification for the data values. NaGML is part of a component architecture that reads, validates, processes, displays, and writes network and graph data. Because it implements a family rather than a single xml language, NaGML offers (1) flexibility in choosing property names, data types, and restrictions, (2) strong validation, and (3) a variety of data file formats. This paper demonstrates these points with a sampling of the possible data file formats. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bradley, GH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23528-0 J9 OPERAT RES COMP SCI PY 2005 VL 29 BP 249 EP 266 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BBY57 UT WOS:000228326300017 ER PT B AU Heitmeyer, C AF Heitmeyer, C BE Cantarella, JD TI A panacea or academic poppycock: Formal methods revisited SO NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering CY OCT 12-14, 2005 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Murnberg, Tech Univ Darmstadt ID REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS; MODEL CHECKING; SYSTEMS AB Many formal methods have been proposed in recent years to improve software quality. These include new specification and modeling languages as well as formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving. This paper describes several ways in which tools supporting formal methods can help improve the quality of both software code as well as software specifications and models. However while promising, formal methods and their support tools are rarely used in practical software development. To overcome this problem, this paper describes a number of needed improvements-in techniques for requirements capture, in languages, in specifications and models, in code quality, and in code verification techniques-which could lead to more widespread use of formal methods and their support tools in practical software development. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2377-3 PY 2005 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1109/HASE.2005.3 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BDM20 UT WOS:000234256000001 ER PT B AU Lee, YT Farabee, TM Blake, WK AF Lee, Yu-Tai Farabee, Theodore M. Blake, William K. GP ASME TI Predictions on wall pressure fluctuations of a backward facing step SO Noise Control and Acoustics Division - 2005 SE Noise Control and Acoustics Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW; NOISE; FIELD AB Time-mean flow fields and turbulent flow characteristics obtained from solving the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations with a k-epsilon turbulence model are used to predict the frequency spectrum of wall-pressure fluctuations for flow past a backward facing step. The linear source term of the governing fluctuating pressure equation is used in deriving the final double integration formula for the fluctuating wall pressure. The integrand includes the RANS mean-velocity gradient, modeled turbulence normal fluctuation, Green's function and the spectral model for the interplane correlation. An anisotropic distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy is implemented using a function named anisotropic factor. This function represents a ratio of the turbulent normal Reynolds stress to the turbulent kinetic energy and is developed based on an equilibrium turbulent flow or flows with zero streamwise pressure gradient. The spectral correlation model for predicting the wall-pressure fluctuations is obtained through modeling of the strearnwise and spanwise wavenumber spectra. The non-linear source term in the original governing equation is considered following the conclusion of Kim's direct numerical simulation (DNS) study. Predictions of frequency spectra for the reattachment flow past a backward facing step (BFS) are investigated to verify the validity of the current modeling. Detailed turbulence features and wall-pressure spectra for the flow in the reattachment region of the BFS are predicted and discussed. The prediction results based on different modeling characteristics and flow physics agree with the observed turbulence field. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lee, YT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4225-8 J9 NOISE CONT ACOUST DI PY 2005 VL 32 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM19 UT WOS:000243028400008 ER PT S AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF AF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF BE Kish, LB Lindenberg, K Gingl, Z TI Random processes underlying stretched times and divergent time scales near the glass transition SO Noise in Complex Systems and Stochastic Dynamics III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise in Complex Systems and Stochastic Dynamics III CY MAY 24-26, 2005 CL Austin, TX AB A model of relaxation in glassy materials, involving anomalous slow diffusion of defects, is reviewed. The movement of the defects causes a stretched exponential relaxation. If there is an attractive force between defects then as the temperature is lowered, or the pressure increased, the number of mobile defects will decrease. This loss of mobile defects produces a Vogel type law for the singular behavior of the relaxation time scale at a critical temperature. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bendler, JT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5840-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5845 BP 238 EP 244 DI 10.1117/12.609759 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BCU86 UT WOS:000231348500027 ER PT S AU Schwartz, IB Billings, L Morgan, DS Lai, YC AF Schwartz, IB Billings, L Morgan, DS Lai, YC BE Kish, LB Lindenberg, K Gingl, Z TI Noise induced dimension changing bifurcations SO Noise in Complex Systems and Stochastic Dynamics III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise in Complex Systems and Stochastic Dynamics III CY MAY 24-26, 2005 CL Austin, TX ID COUPLED CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; LYAPUNOV EXPONENT; DYNAMICS; OSCILLATORS; VARIABILITY; SLOW AB The transition to chaos is a fundamental and widely studied problem in deterministic nonlinear dynamics. Well known routes to chaos, which include the period-doubling bifurcation route, the intermittency route, the quasiperiodic route, and the crisis route, describe transitions to low-dimensional chaotic attractors with one positive Lyapunov exponent. Transitions to high-dimensional chaotic attractors with multiple positive Lyapunov exponents have just started being addressed. In stochastic systems, transitions to chaotic-like behavior are less well characterized. Global analysis coupled with stochastic transport probability can explain emergent behavior in which stable and unstable manifolds may interact with noise to cause "stochastic chaos". Another stochastic route may induce chaotic signatures through a dimension changing bifurcation, whereby the topological dimension changes when the amplitude of the noise goes beyond a critical parameter. In this paper we present a theory of how the Lyapunov exponents may scale with the noise amplitude in general systems. A physical class of multiscale dynamical systems will be presented to show that noise may induce low dimensional chaos, or for other parameters, may induce chaos that bifurcates to an attractor contained in a high topological dimension. We present a numerical bifurcation analysis of the resulting system, illustrating the mechanism for the onset of high dimensional chaos. By computing the constrained invariant sets, we reveal the transition from low dimensional to high dimensional chaos. Applications include both deterministic and stochastic bifurcations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5840-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5845 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1117/12.610050 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BCU86 UT WOS:000231348500028 ER PT B AU Ganguli, G Joyce, G Lampe, M AF Ganguli, G Joyce, G Lampe, M BE Sharma, AS Kaw, PK TI Phase transition in dusty plasmas SO Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Plasmas SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Plasmas CY MAR, 2001 CL Ahmedabad, INDIA DE dusty plasma; phase transition ID FLOWING PLASMA; CRYSTAL; INSTABILITY; PARTICLES; GRAIN AB We discuss the microphysical processes that trigger phase transitions in a dusty plasma not in thermodynamic equilibrium and subject to ion streaming. For pressures below the critical pressure P, for condensation, the grains acquire a large random kinetic energy and form a weakly coupled fluid. If pressure is increased to greater than P-c the grains lose their kinetic energy and reach a strongly coupled crystalline state. The dust heating in the fluid phase is due to an ion-dust two-stream instability, which is stabilized at P > P-c by the combined effect of ion-neutral and dust-neutral collisions. When the pressure is decreased from the crystalline state to below the critical pressure P-m for melting, transverse phonons are destabilized by ion streaming, which destroys the short range ordering of the dust grains and triggers melting. It is found that P-m < Pc. For P-m < P < P-c mixed phase states can exist. Although the system is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, the process resembles closely to a first order phase transition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3108-4 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2005 VL 321 BP 273 EP 290 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BCV67 UT WOS:000231442300013 ER PT S AU Roland, CM Garrett, JT AF Roland, C. M. Garrett, J. T. BE Rzoska, SJ Zhelezny, VP TI EFFECT OF CONSTRAINTS ON ELECTROSTRICTION SO NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA IN COMPLEX LIQUIDS SE NATO Science Series II Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ARW NATO Meeting on Nonlinear dielectric Phenomena in Complex Liquids CY MAY 10-14, 2003 CL Katowice Jaszowiec, POLAND SP NATO AB The effect of constraints on the measurement electromechanical coupling from polymer films is quantified. This information is essential to the application of electrostrictive materials. Theoretical analyses are shown to be in good accord with the experimental results. C1 [Roland, C. M.; Garrett, J. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-2704-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2005 VL 157 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1007/1-4020-2704-4_6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BLN46 UT WOS:000270585600006 ER PT S AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, K. L. BE Rzoska, SJ Zhelezny, VP TI A SCHEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE DYNAMICS OF GLASS TRANSITION BY THE COUPLING MODEL SO NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA IN COMPLEX LIQUIDS SE NATO Science Series II Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ARW NATO Meeting on Nonlinear dielectric Phenomena in Complex Liquids CY MAY 10-14, 2003 CL Katowice Jaszowiec, POLAND SP NATO ID SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FORMING SUBSTANCES; THERMODYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM; POLYMERS; STATE; TIME C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-2704-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2005 VL 157 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1007/1-4020-2704-4_23 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BLN46 UT WOS:000270585600023 ER PT S AU Roland, CM Garrett, JT Qadri, SB AF Roland, C. M. Garrett, J. T. Qadri, S. B. BE Rzoska, SJ Zhelezny, VP TI ELECTROSTRICTION AND CRYSTALLINE PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN A VINYLIDENE FLOURIDE TERPOLYMER SO NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA IN COMPLEX LIQUIDS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ARW NATO Meeting on Nonlinear Dielectric Phenomena in Complex Liquids CY MAY 10-14, 2003 CL Katowice Jaszowiec, POLAND SP NATO ID POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE) NETWORKS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; FLUORIDE) AB Substantial electrostrictive strains can be obtained from terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene. The mechanism of the electromechanical response was investigated using x-ray diffraction and infrared absorption measurements on the polymer under an electric field. While application of the field is found to induce changes in the crystal phase structure, the phase transition that can effect dimensional changes is too small to account for the magnitude of the electrostriction. Thus, the origin of the exceptional electromechanical properties of this material remains to be fully elucidated. C1 [Roland, C. M.; Garrett, J. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 978-1-4020-2704-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2005 VL 157 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1007/1-4020-2704-4_29 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BLN46 UT WOS:000270585600029 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM TI Statistical characteristics of irreversible predictability time in regional ocean models SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PART I; ENSEMBLE; SOUTH; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; SELECTION; BOUNDARY; STREAM AB Probabilistic aspects of regional ocean model predictability is analyzed using the probability density function (PDF) of the irreversible predictability time (IPT) (called tau-PDF) computed from an unconstrained ensemble of stochastic perturbations in initial conditions, winds, and open boundary conditions. Two-attractors (a chaotic attractor and a small-amplitude stable limit cycle) are found in the wind-driven circulation. Relationship between attractor's residence time and IPT determines the tau-PDF for the short (up to several weeks) and intermediate (up to two months) predictions. The tau-PDF is usually non-Gaussian but not multimodal for red-noise perturbations in initial conditions and perturbations in the wind and open boundary conditions. Bifurcation of tau-PDF occurs as the tolerance level varies. Generally, extremely successful predictions (corresponding to the tau-PDF's tail toward large IPT domain) are not outliers and share the same statistics as a whole ensemble of predictions. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Inst Marine Hydrophys, Sevastopol, Ukraine. RP Ivanov, LM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA USA. EM lmivanov@nps.edu NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910QE UT WOS:000227946100013 ER PT S AU Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I Khandekar, AA Hawkins, BE Yeh, JY Mawst, LJ Kuech, TF Tansu, N AF Meyer, JR Vurgaftman, I Khandekar, AA Hawkins, BE Yeh, JY Mawst, LJ Kuech, TF Tansu, N BE Mermelstein, C Bour, DP TI Dilute nitride type-II "W" quantum well lasers for the near-infrared and mid-infrared SO Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers IV CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diode laser; quantum well; mid-infrared ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; THEORETICAL GAIN; BAND PARAMETERS; DIODE-LASERS; ALLOYS AB Dilute nitride type-II "W" structures have potential for lasing at 1.55 mu m (on GaAs substrates) and in the mid-infrared (3-6 mu m, on InP substrates). The former active regions utilize (In)GaAsN/GaAsSb/(In)GaAsN/GaAs quantum wells, whereas the latter are based on InAsN/GaAsSb/InAsN/GaInP structures. Following a review of the theoretical rationale, we will present some preliminary MOCVD growth results for the GaAs-based type-II structures, along with their characterization by x-ray, TEM, and photoluminescence. The experimental energy gaps corresponding to the layer compositions determined from characterization are in good agreement with calculations based on the 10-band k(.)p formalism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008 OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5712-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5738 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.597115 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCE18 UT WOS:000228824000013 ER PT S AU Hartley, DJ Djongolov, MK Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Moore, EF Riley, MA Aguilar, AA Bingham, CR Campbell, DB Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Cromaz, M Cullen, DM Danchev, M Dracoulis, GD Fallon, P Goon, J Kaye, RA Khoo, TL Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Macchiavelli, AO McClain, B Mukherjee, G Ngijoi-Yogo, E Park, HI Sletten, G Tandel, SK Walker, PM Zhang, JY AF Hartley, DJ Djongolov, MK Riedinger, LL Hagemann, GB Janssens, RVF Kondev, FG Moore, EF Riley, MA Aguilar, AA Bingham, CR Campbell, DB Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Cromaz, M Cullen, DM Danchev, M Dracoulis, GD Fallon, P Goon, J Kaye, RA Khoo, TL Laird, RW Lauritsen, T Macchiavelli, AO McClain, B Mukherjee, G Ngijoi-Yogo, E Park, HI Sletten, G Tandel, SK Walker, PM Zhang, JY BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Search for wobbling excitations in Hf nuclei: Are the SD bands triaxial? SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID SUPERDEFORMATION AB Two Gammasphere experiments have been performed in order to establish the possible triaxial nature of strongly deformed (SD) bands in Hf-174. A lifetime measurement confirmed the large deformation of the four previously observed bands in this nucleus. In addition, a thin-target, high-statistics experiment was carried out to search for linking transitions between the SD bands. No such transitions, which represent an experimental signature for wobbling modes, were observed. Four new SD bands were found in 174Hf together with a single SD band in Hf-173. These results indicate that the strongly deformed sequences of N approximate to 102 Hf isotopes behave differently than the TSD bands found in Lu nuclei near N = 92. The interpretation of these bands in terms of possible stable triaxial deformation is confronted with the experimental findings and UC predictions. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hartley, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Tandel, Sujit/0000-0003-4784-3139 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800003 ER PT J AU Jung, KH Chang, KA Huang, ET AF Jung, KH Chang, KA Huang, ET TI Two-dimensional flow characteristics of wave interactions with a free-rolling rectangular structure SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE roll motion; water waves; particle image velocimetry; viscous damping; vorticity; turbulence AB This paper presents laboratory observations of flow characteristics for regular waves passing a rectangular structure in a two-dimensional wave tank. The structure with a draft one-half of its height was hinged at the center of gravity and free to roll (one degree of freedom) by waves. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the velocity field in the vicinity of the structure. The mean velocity and turbulence properties were obtained by phase-averaging the PIV velocity maps from repeated test runs. Since the viscous damping (also called the eddy making damping) in a vortical flow affects the roll motion of a blunt body, the quantitative flow pattern was represented to elucidate the coupled interactions between the body motion and the waves. Additionally, the turbulence properties including the turbulence length scale and the turbulent kinetic energy budget were investigated to characterize the interactions. The results show that vortices were generated near the structure corners at locations opposing to that of the roll damping effect for waves with a period longer than the roll natural period of the structure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ocean Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Facil Engn Sci Ctr, Amphibious Syst Div, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Chang, KA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ocean Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kehang@civil.tamu.edu RI Chang, Kuang-An/D-7556-2015 OI Chang, Kuang-An/0000-0003-3177-4896 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2004.06.007 PG 20 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 878UC UT WOS:000225671500001 ER PT J AU Blain, CA Massey, TC AF Blain, CA Massey, TC TI Application of a coupled discontinuous-continuous Galerkin finite element shallow water model to coastal ocean dynamics SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE shallow water equations; discontinuous Galerkin methods; coupled finite element methods; generalized wave continuity equation; ADCIRC; coastal ocean models; mass error; tidal dynamics; rip currents; Bahamas; bight of abaco ID HURRICANE STORM-SURGE; CONSERVATION-LAWS; CIRCULATION MODELS; MASS-BALANCE; EQUATIONS; SIMULATIONS; COMPUTATIONS; TRANSPORT; CURRENTS; GRIDS AB A coupled discontinuous-continuous Galerkin (DG-CG) shallow water model is compared to a continuous Galerkin generalized wave-continuity equation (GWCE) based model for the coastal ocean, whereby local mass imbalance typical of GWCE-based solutions is eliminated using the coupled DG-CG approach. Two mass imbalance indicators for the GWCE-based model are presented and analyzed. The indicators motivate discussion on the suitability of using a GWCE-based model versus the locally conservative coupled DG-CG model. Both realistic and idealized test problems for tide, wind, and wave-driven circulation form the basis of the study. For the problems studied, coupled DG-CG solutions retain the robustness of well-documented solutions from GWCE-based models and also capture the dynamics driven by small-scale, highly advective processes which are problematic for GWCE-based models. Issues associated with the coupled DG-CG model are explored, including increased cost due to increased degrees of freedom, the necessary application of slope limiters, as well as the actual coupling process. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Blain, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Bldg 1009,C134, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM blain@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.09.002 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 942GJ UT WOS:000230270600003 ER PT J AU Tokmakian, R AF Tokmakian, R TI An ocean model's response to scatterometer winds SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic; modeling; scatterometry; altimetry; sea level; upper ocean processes ID CIRCULATION; WAVES AB Two simulations of the North Atlantic have been run using the POP ocean model for approximately two and one half years each. One simulation used the 1.25degrees wind product from EGMWF and the other used the JPL Quikscat 0.25degrees gridded product. The resulting sea level anomaly fields from the simulations are quantified by using tide gauge and altimetric sea level anomaly data. In addition, upper ocean quantities were compared, such as the mix layer depths, to understand the difference in the ocean's response when using the different wind products. The analysis found that significant improvements were made in the representation at the surface, and in particular areas where comparison data exists such as the Labrador ea. There was also improvement in the scatterometer forced run with more realistic depths of the mixed layer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tokmakian, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Bldg 232,Rm 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM robint@ucar.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.04.005 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 889HF UT WOS:000226433400006 ER PT J AU Shaji, C Wang, C Halliwell, GR Wallcraft, A AF Shaji, C Wang, C Halliwell, GR Wallcraft, A TI Simulation of tropical pacific and Atlantic oceans using a hybrid coordinate ocean model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE HYCOM; non-uniform grid; tropical circulation; simulation; observed data ID HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; VERTICAL COORDINATE; NORTH; THERMOBARICITY; HYCOM; GCM AB The climatological annual cycle of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans is simulated using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) configured in a non-uniform horizontal grid spanning 30 degrees S-65.5 degrees N and 102 degrees E- 15 degrees E. The model is initialized with climatological summer temperature and salinity and is forced by climatological atmospheric fields derived from the COADS and ECMWF ERA-15 reanalysis. The model is spun up for 20 years to reach a reasonable steady state in the primary region of interest from 20 degrees S to 20 degrees N, and year 20 is analyzed. The COADS simulation is primarily analyzed because it is slightly better in more respects than the ECMWF simulation, particularly in the representation of upper-ocean thermal structure. The model generally reproduces the seasonal variability of major circulation features in both oceans reasonably well when compared to climatologies derived from several observational datasets (surface drifters, TAO mooring array, COADS, Levitus, Pathfinder SST), and when compared to other model simulations. Model evaluation is complicated by the fact that the different climatologies, including the atmospheri& reanalysis climatologies that drive the model, are averaged over different time intervals. In the tropics, the model thermocline reproduces the observed zonal slopes and meridional ridges/troughs in the thermocline. The simulated Equatorial Undercurrent compares favorably to observations, but is slightly deeper than observed. The model overestimates temperature in the Pacific warm pool regions, both west and east, by more than 1 degrees C when compared to all observed climatologies. The model also tends to overestimate temperature in the eastern equatorial cold tongues in both the Atlantic and Pacific, with this overestimate being confined to a very small region of the far eastern Pacific during winter. This overestimate varies substantially depending on which observed climatology is used for the comparison, so model limitations are only partly responsible for the simulated-observed temperature differences in the cold tongues. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 253 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.07.003 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 910YC UT WOS:000227967100003 ER PT J AU Maltrud, ME McClean, JL AF Maltrud, ME McClean, JL TI An eddy resolving global 1/10 degrees ocean simulation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE modelling; ocean circulation ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; VOLUME TRANSPORTS; WATER PROPERTIES; ARCTIC-OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB Initial results are presented from a global eddy resolving simulation using the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) general circulation model. The model has 1/10degrees horizontal spacing at the equator, employs a displaced pole grid in the Northern Hemisphere to allow the inclusion of the Arctic Ocean, and uses 40 vertical levels. The simulation was spun up from rest using a combination of daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and monthly observational data products for the period 1979-1993 as surface forcing. As expected, the simulation exhibits extremely turbulent behavior, with eddy energy agreeing well with satellite altimetry in both location and magnitude in most high-activity areas. However, significant problems exist in the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current region, and relatively minor discrepancies occur elsewhere. Overall, the general circulation is well represented, with acceptable values for overturning mass and heat transports, and good agreement with transport estimates of the major current systems. This simulation represents a major step forward in high resolution ocean modeling, with applications to prediction, climate, and general ocean science. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maltrud, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM maltrud@lanl.gov NR 59 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.12.001 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 862TX UT WOS:000224515100002 ER PT B AU Crimmins, D Deacutis, C Hinchey, E Chintala, M Cicchetti, G Blidberg, D AF Crimmins, D Deacutis, C Hinchey, E Chintala, M Cicchetti, G Blidberg, D GP IEEE TI Use of a long endurance solar powered autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV II) to measure dissolved oxygen concentrations in Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island, USA SO OCEANS 2005 - EUROPE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Europe International Conference CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Brest, FRANCE SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID HABITATS; MARINE AB As hypoxic water masses increase worldwide in duration and extent due to coastal eutrophication, advanced technology water quality monitoring by autonomous vehicles can increase our capability to document and respond to these environmental perturbations. We evaluated the use of a long endurance Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to map dissolved oxygen levels to determine the extent of hypoxia in a small bay (Greenwich Bay, U.S.A.) known to experience summertime hypoxic episodes that have resulted in massive fish kills. During a 7.5 hr nighttime/early morning period in September 2004, the AUV collected dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature and depth data along three transects in the Greenwich Bay. The AUV utilized was a new solar powered vehicle designed for continuous survey operations. This vehicle, referred to as the SAUV II, was recently developed for the U.S. Office of Naval Research for long endurance missions requiring monitoring, surveillance, and/or station keeping with real-time bi-directional communications to shore. The vehicle was pre-programmed to transit to designated waypoints at various depths. Following each transect, the vehicle surfaced, maintained a watch circle, and transmitted data to shore via an RF link. The survey provided the participating scientists with near real-time access to the physical characteristics of the water column with improved spatial and temporal resolution over traditional sampling for dissolved oxygen concentrations. This pilot study served as a test of the SAUV H to collect high resolution, near real-time water quality data in a nearshore, shallow embayment. Water column temperature and conductivity was relatively uniform over the survey path (temperature vane from 22 - 23 degrees C; conductivity varied from 43,030 - 43,981 mu s). The depth of the vehicle varied from near-surface to a maximum of 9.5 m. Depth and dissolved oxygen concentrations were correlated. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from approximately 2.4 to 6.0 mg/L over the course of the survey; mildly hypoxic conditions were encountered. The lowest concentrations of dissolved oxygen occurred at the deeper depths (> 6 m). As the pilot study was performed in September, the late stage of a hypoxic event was most likely observed. Using the SAUV H to increase spatial sampling of dissolved oxygen in Greenwich Bay and conducting more frequent SAUV H surveys during the summer months will improve our understanding of hypoxia in this complex coastal estuary. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02842 USA. RP Crimmins, D (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02842 USA. EM CrimminsDM@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; deacutis@gso.uri.edu; hinchey.elizabeth@epa.gov; chintala.marty@epa.gov; cicchetti.giancarlo@epa.gov; blidberg@ausi.org NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9103-9 PY 2005 BP 896 EP 901 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCX53 UT WOS:000231762600161 ER PT B AU Cook, DA Stroud, JS Fernandez, JE Lathrop, JD AF Cook, DA Stroud, JS Fernandez, JE Lathrop, JD GP IEEE TI Results from a hybrid synthetic aperture sonar motion estimation scheme SO Oceans 2005 - Europe, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Europe International Conference CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Brest, FRANCE SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is used to produce high-quality side-scan imagery of the sea floor in which the along-track resolution is constant with range. SAS sensor technology is transitioning from towed vehicles toward more versatile autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Experience to date has shown that the 21-inch AUVs tend to be less stable than the longer towed vehicle of the same diameter used during the U.S. Navy's initial SAS technology demo efforts. The corresponding increase in undesirable motion of the AUV platform carrying the sonar has motivated the development of a new generation of motion estimation and compensation schemes. This paper describes the results obtained from one such motion estimation method applied to the U.S. Navy's SAS21/Reliant SAS system. The data set used for evaluating the image improvement consists of 31km of track taken at the 2004 Combined Joint Task Force Exercise (CJTFEX-04) off the North Carolina coast. The motion estimation combines the angular velocity information provided from an inertial navigation unit with the traditional redundant phase center approach in order to accurately estimate the ping-to-ping translation of the SAS array. This approach consistently yields better imagery compared to the previously-used technique. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Cook, DA (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9103-9 PY 2005 BP 1376 EP 1381 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCX53 UT WOS:000231762600247 ER PT S AU Freeman, DK AF Freeman, D. K. TI Remote delivery of unmanned systems technologies SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB By removing the war righter from the area of risk when deploying autonomous underwater mine hunting vehicles, the RDUST system can greatly extend the reach and safety of the war fighter. The system extends mission reach and time on-site by transporting the mine hunter to the survey area, providing semi-autonomous positioning for launch of the mine hunter, and acting as a communications buoy to provide track and introduce new objectives while the mine hunter is underway. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. RP Freeman, DK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 36 EP 39 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700007 ER PT S AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D Pottier, E AF Schuler, D. L. Lee, J. S. Kasilingam, D. Pottier, E. TI Utilization of fully polarimetric SAR data for improved measurement of directional ocean wave spectra SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB New methods have been investigated which use fully-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image data to measure ocean wave slope spectra. Independent techniques have been developed to measure wave slopes in the orthogonal SAR (azimuth/range) directions. These measurements must still contend with motion-induced nonlinearities in the SAR processing. The methods are, however, physically based, robust, and utilize a parametrically simpler modulation transfer function. NASA/JPL/AIRSAR L-band data from California coastal waters has been used. Wave spectra measured using the new methods are compared with spectra developed using both conventional SAR intensity-based methods and NDBC buoys. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dschuler@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; dkasilingam@umassd.edu; eric.pottier@univ-rennes1.fr NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700011 ER PT S AU Antonelli, L Blackmon, F Meier, L AF Antonelli, Lynn Blackmon, Fletcher Meier, Lewis, III TI Acousto-optic localization using a dynamic, spatio-temporal array SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID BAND-LIMITED SIGNALS; RECOVERY; SAMPLES AB A remote, aerial, acousto-optic sensing method has been devised to detect underwater sound from the air - breaching the air-water boundary. An acoustooptic sensor detects underwater acoustic signals by probing the water surface with a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) thereby achieving acoustic to optical signal conversion. The small optical reflections from the air-water interface can be used to measure the pressure field in the water. Acoustic pressure waves propagating within the water environment will cause vibrations on an air-water interface, which can be optically detected by observing the amplitude or phase characteristics of the optical beam when directed upon,a vibrating surface. The acousto-optic sensor detection on a dynamic water surface relies on obtaining a representation of a signal transmitted by a sound source located underwater. A glint tracking system is utilized to obtain signal portions of interest at various spatial locations on the water surface. This is equivalent to having a single sensor at the water surface moving at a moderately high speed with near instantaneous discrete jumps in position being possible. The use of novel beamforming methods is required to provide signal reconstruction. A non-traditional, adaptive algorithm to process spatio-temporal, sparse array data for use with a laser-based sonar concept is presented with simulation results and discussed for localizing and continuously tracking an in-water sound source. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Antonelli, L (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM antonelliLT@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; blackmonFA@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; meierLL@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 140 EP 147 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700027 ER PT S AU Stack, JR Dobeck, G Bernstein, C AF Stack, J. R. Dobeck, G. Bernstein, C. TI Multi-frequency backscatter variations for classification of mine-like targets from low-resolution sonar data SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The purpose of this research is to classify bottom targets as mine like using low-resolution sonar data. The sonar is mounted on an autonomous, unmanned seafloor crawler, which operates in the littoral regions. Due to the sonar's relatively large beamwidths and proximity to the seafloor, low-resolution imagery is produced in which objects possess little discernable shape and no acoustic shadow (i.e., image-based classification is infeasible). Therefore, this research forms multiple images with the sonar operating at different, narrowband frequencies. A feature set is then constructed based on backscatter variations across these various narrowband frequency ranges. In addition to representing target response versus frequency, this feature set also possesses the desirable characteristic of range independence. Afterwards, an unsupervised self-organizing map artificial neural network is trained to project and cluster the features into a two-dimensional feature space. In this space, the decision surfaces are formed and the cluster identities are labeled. Experimental results from a variety of target types illustrate the favorable separability of the clusters and the discriminating power of the frequency-based feature set. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. RP Stack, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 218 EP 222 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700040 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. TI Measurements of spatial coherence, beamforming gain and diversity gain for underwater acoustic communications SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB In this paper, we report the measurements of the signal vertical coherence, beamforming array gain and diversity gain as a function of the number of receivers used (or the array aperture) and the receiver separation using data collected during the ASCOT01 experiment off the coast of Massachusetts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 268 EP 272 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700049 ER PT S AU Yang, TC AF Yang, T. C. TI Channel Q function and capacity SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATIONS; PASSIVE-PHASE CONJUGATION AB Channel Q function is, for a time-invariant channel, the sum of auto-correlation functions of the channel impulse response functions over multiple receivers. It can be used to characterize the performance (output SNR) of acoustic communications using either passive-phase conjugation or decision feedback equalizer. Channel Q function also determines the channel capacity for a single source and multiple receivers (SIMO). We analyze in this paper that the properties of the channel Q function and show that it possesses a universal and stable properties for underwater acoustic waveguides, irrespective of the channel sound speed profiles, source and receiver range/depths. This property is examined with real data collected in various oceans with significant temporal variations in the propagation conditions and/or source-receiver range. The channel Q function determines the single-source multiple-receivers (SIMO) channel capacity. An example is given for a realistic ocean environment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700050 ER PT S AU Bobak, JP Dowgiallo, DJ Vonrentzell, TE McGlothlin, NR AF Bobak, Justin P. Dowgiallo, David J. vonRentzell, Troy E. McGlothlin, Norman R. TI Satellite calibration and validation utilizing the Airborne Polarimetric Microwave Imaging Radiometer (APMIR) SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Airborne Polarimetric Microwave Imaging Radiometer (APMIR) was designed and built by the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., as a tool for calibration and validation of the Coriolis WindSat and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program SSMIS satellite radiometer sensors. The satellite sensor data aids in short-term weather modeling and general climatic information via measurements of ocean winds, water vapor, soil moisture, rain rates, and ice/snow characteristics. The APMIR sensor was designed to assist in the fulfillment of the airborne portion of the catibration/vatidation effort. By underflying a satellite, the airborne sensor data is coincident in space and time with the satellite, allowing an accurate comparison of the viewed scene. Extensive testing of the APMIR system included tip curves, pool views, and radiative transfer model comparisons. The encompassing test methods achieve a high degree of confidence in the APMIR system. APMIR underflew the SSMIS satellite during a March/April 2004 field campaign. Based on the high confidence of the APMIR sensor, and the excellent data comparison of the SSMIS satellite, the APMIR instrument demonstrates itself as a precision tool for calibration and validation activities. The results of the underflights during the March/April 2004 field campaign for the SSMIS satellite are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dowgiallo, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 352 EP 354 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700062 ER PT S AU Ladner, R Warner, E Petry, F Katikaneni, U Shaw, K Gupta, K Moore, P AF Ladner, Roy Warner, Elizabeth Petry, Fred Katikaneni, Uday Shaw, Kevin Gupta, Kalyan Moore, Philip TI Web Services: Evolving techniques in net-centric operations SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE Web Services; net-centric warfare; automated reasoning; intelligent systems; MetOc data; MetOc ontology AB Web Services are often seen as the net-centric enabling technology for many US Navy operations. While Web Services are increasingly used for data distribution in a network centric environment, Web Services only constitute a baseline specification that provides the foundation on which application developers, under current approaches, write specialized software in order to retrieve data over the Internet. Software development and maintenance can increase with the increase in number of different available Web Services due to such factors as new XML schema, XML schema versioning differences and variations in interface methods. In this paper, we provide an overview of Web Services and provide examples of Web Services for Navy net-centric operations as applied to meteorological an oceanographic (MetOc) data. We then present issues related to the evolution of MetOc Web Services to particular Navy needs. Finally, we describe a new project we have begun, the Advanced MetOc Broker (AMB), which will assist with minimizing specialized software development for new and ad hoe Web Services for the MetOc domain. The AMB will apply MetOc ontologies to knowledge-based techniques in order to support an advanced approach to the use of Web Services; namely, the automated identification and retrieval of MetOc data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 441 EP 448 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700079 ER PT S AU Harris, M Avera, W Steed, C Sample, J Bibee, LD Morgerson, D Hammack, J Null, M AF Harris, Mike Avera, Will Steed, Chad Sample, John Bibee, L. Dale Morgerson, Dave Hammack, Jim Null, Mark TI AQS-20 through-the-sensor (TTS) performance assessment SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Performance of existing and planned mine hunting sensors is dependent on the environment. When the seafloor is a flat smooth hard sandy surface with no mine like clutter on it, then sensor performance is outstanding and acoustic mine hunting is relatively easy. Introduce clutter, a rough seafloor and a soft muddy bottom, sensor performance is seriously degraded making mine hunting operations extremely difficult to impossible. One must know the environment to know sensor performance. Historical environmental data is important but not sufficient. In spite of painstaking efforts to collect, process and disseminate data, historical information is often missing, outdated or in error. To know sensor performance, near real-time environmental data must be collected to verify, supplement and refresh historical holdings. This paper describes the results of two near real-time end-to-end Through-the-Sensor (TTS) demonstrations conducted in FY05 using AQS-20 data. Critical environmental parameters were extracted from the raw tactical data stream using a TTS approach. Data collected by the AQS-20 was processed for bathymetry, sediment type and % burial. Supplemental data was fused with historical information on scene and used to calculate doctrinal bottom type in NAVOCEANO's Bottom Mapping Workstation. The information was passed to MEDAL where track spacing and hunt times were calculated. NAVOCEANO, in a fast reach back mode using TEDServices, examined the data, added value, and returned it. The impact to the mine warfare community is a true sense of sensor performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Harris, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 460 EP 465 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700082 ER PT S AU Linck, JE Holmes, JJ Gardner, JC AF Linck, J. E. Holmes, J. J. Gardner, J. C. TI Magnetic field measurements of limpet mines attached to a ship's steel hull SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB With the increased threat of terrorist attacks against docked naval and commercial vessels, the use of magnetically attached limpet mines or explosives is of major concern. Detecting limpet mines, or verification of their absence, using magnetic field sensors could be a quick and inexpensive method to determine if a vessel is under attack. Before the design of such a magnetic detection system can begin, the mines' field strength must first be quantified. The field distribution in the proximity of a small, medium, and large limpet mine was measured initially in a magnetically clean laboratory environment. The experiment was then repeated,with the mines attached to the steel hull of a destroyer, while measuring the resultant field strengths on the opposite side of the hull. These data can be used in the design of limpet mine detection systems(1). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Linck, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM Jessica.Linck@navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 601 EP 606 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700095 ER PT S AU van Norden, MF Arroyo-Suarez, EN Najjar, AS AF van Norden, Maxim F. Arroyo-Suarez, Elliot N. Najjar, Arthur S. TI Concept for military surveys to IHO standards without shore stations using the real-time gipsy (RTG) global positioning system (GPS) SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO-CEANO) conducts hydrographic surveys in accordance with International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44 hydrographic survey standards. Presently, under most circumstances, shore stations must be established for collecting tide information that is used to define the local vertical chart datum, derive tidal correctors to reduce soundings to the chart datum, and derive harmonic constituents for future tide predictions. In addition, in many cases a shore station must be established that provides differential corrections to the GPS pseudo-ranges used by the survey vessel for accurate horizontal positioning. This current concept of operations requires clearances and permissions from national/local authorities and landowners to access and establish these shore stations. It also requires substantial efforts to establish or maintain security for both shore parties and equipment left behind at the shore stations. Recently, NAVOCEANO acquired 21 GPS receivers from NavCom Technology, Inc. with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Real-Time GIPSY (RTG) capabilities and associated StarFire (TM) Wide Area Differential GPS (WADGPS) services from C&C Technologies in partnership with NavCom. NAVOCEANO has integrated these RTK/RTG receivers into its Mission Survey Systems on its fleet of survey ships and their Hydrographic Survey Launches (HSLs) and non-ship survey assets. The RTG software produces globally uniform precise GPS orbit and clock corrections. Using StarFire's satellite-based RTG signal with corrections for solid earth tide, NAVOCEANO conducted tests that indicated horizontal accuracies of 20 cm (2 sigma) and vertical accuracies of 24 cm (2 sigma) wherever the INMARSAT-C signals can be reached. These accuracies in the horizontal and vertical along with techniques to acquire the ellipsoid-chart datum separation using GPS buoys indicate a capability to survey anywhere in the littorals (outside territorial waters) to IHO standards without establishing shore stations. This paper will discuss progress on a new concept of operations under development at NAVOCEANO using the NavCom GPS technology, GPS buoys, and bottom-mounted tide gages to support the Navy's need for navigational charting and near-real-time battlespace characterization. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP van Norden, MF (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 615 EP 621 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700097 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Cornelius, M Wegstaff, M AF Chu, Peter C. Cornelius, Michael Wegstaff, Melvin TI Effect of suspended sediment on acoustic detection using the Navy's CASS-GRAB model SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE acoustic detection; sonar imagery; CASS-GRAB; suspended sediment; reverberation; buried mine-like object; volume scattering strength; mine warfare ID SPEED; SOUND; SEAWATER; WATER; EQUATIONS AB Sidescan sonar detects objects buried in the seafloor through generating images of ordnance such as sea-mine buried in sediments. The sonar operates by illuminating a broad swath of the seabed using a line array of acoustic projectors while acoustic backscattering from the illuminated sediment volume is measured. The effect of suspended sediment on the sonar imagery depends on the volume scattering strength of the suspended sediment layer. Understanding the acoustic characteristics of suspended sediment layer can aid the Navy in the detection of mines using the sonar imagery. This study describes a combined experimental and modeling effort on the volume scattering strength on the burial object detection. A range of critical values of volume scattering strength for the buried object detection were discovered through repeated model simulations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 877 EP 883 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700141 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Armstrong, AE AF Chu, Peter C. Armstrong, Albert E. TI Instantaneous current prediction for naval operations SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE mine warfare; diving operations; San Diego Bay; instantaneous currents; tidal forcing; hydrodynamic model; mission planning; WQMAP ID FITTED CIRCULATION MODEL AB Naval operations depend highly upon environmental conditions that can either adversely affect successful completion or hinder the safety of personnel. Each warfare community has defined environmental thresholds and operating limits that restrict the execution of any intended maneuver. As the warfare environment continues to shift from the open ocean to the littoral, prediction of the shallow water environment is an urgent need in order to support these operations. The value-aided of using a hydrodynamic model (WQMAP) for the mission planning of the naval operations in San Diego Bay is demonstrated in this study. A new model verification procedure (i.e., compatibility verification) is proposed for the tidal dominated littoral basin prediction. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 884 EP 890 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978700142 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Amezaga, G Gottshall, EL Cwalina, DS AF Chu, Peter C. Amezaga, Guillermo Gottshall, Eric L. Cwalina, David S. TI Assessment of ocean prediction model for naval operations using acoustic preset SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE anti-submarine warfare; acoustic preset; sound speed profiles; ocean models; MODAS; model assessment; South China Sea; SCSMEX ID ASSIMILATION SYSTEM MODAS AB The outcome of a battlefield engagement is often determined by the advantages and disadvantages held by each adversary. On the modem battlefield, the possessor of the best technology often has the upper hand, but only if that advanced technology is used properly and efficiently. In order to exploit this advantage and optimize the effectiveness of high technology sensor and weapon systems, it is essential to understand the impact on them by the environment. In the arena of Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), the ocean environment determines the performance of the acoustic sensors employed and the success of any associated weapon systems. Since acoustic sensors detect underwater sound waves, understanding how those waves propagate is crucial to knowing how the sensors will perform and being able to optimize their performance in a given situation. To gain this understanding, an accurate depiction of the ocean environment is necessary. How acoustic waves propagate from one location to another under water is determined by many factors, some of which are described by the sound speed profile (SSP). If the environmental properties of temperature and salinity are known over the entire depth range, the SSP can be compiled by using them in an empirical formula to calculate the expected sound speed in a vertical column of water. One way to determine these environmental properties is to measure them in situ, such as by conductivity-temperature-depth or expendable bathythermograph (XBT) casts. This method is not always tactically feasible and only gives the vertical profile at one location producing a very limited picture of the regional ocean structure. Another method is to estimate the ocean conditions using numerical models. The valued-aided ocean prediction models to ASW are assessed in this study. Such quantitative analyses offer a means to optimize the ASW requirements and technical capabilities of new weapon systems. We use observed and modeled 3-D fields of temperature, salinity, and sound speed. Compare model profiles to observed profiles. Do ocean models predict the vertical features of the observational data? We run representative modeled and observed SSP profiles through Navy's acoustic models to see if there is an acoustic difference in propagation and weapon preset. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 986 EP 995 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701005 ER PT S AU Gaiser, PW Bettenhausen, MH Li, L Twarog, EM AF Gaiser, P. W. Bettenhausen, M. H. Li, L. Twarog, E. M. TI The WindSat polarimetric radiometer and ocean wind measurements SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID SSM/I; SPEED AB The wind vector affects a broad range of naval missions, including strategic ship movement and positioning, aircraft carrier operations, aircraft deployment, effective weapons use, under-way replenishment, and littoral operations. Furthermore, accurate wind vector data aids in short-term weather forecasting, the issuing of timely weather warnings, and the gathering of general climatological data. WindSat is a satellite-based multi-frequency polarimetric microwave radiometer developed by the Naval Research Laboratory, for the U.S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO). It is designed to demonstrate the capability of polarimetric microwave radiometry to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space. The sensor provides risk reduction for the development of the Conical Microwave Imager Sounder (CMIS), which is planned to provide wind vector data operationally starting in 2010. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaiser, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1043 EP 1045 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701013 ER PT S AU Fromm, DM Gaumond, CF Lingevitch, JF Menis, R Calvo, DC Edelmann, GF Kim, E AF Fromm, David M. Gaumond, Charles F. Lingevitch, Joseph F. Menis, Richard Calvo, David C. Edelmann, Geoffrey F. Kim, Elizabeth TI The effect of coherence and noise on the decomposition of the time reversal operator SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Active sonar in shallow water in shallow water is often reverberation-limited and the detectability is often limited by the presence of too many false alarms. The decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT) is a method that potentially alleviates this problem by separating echoes from different depths in the water column. For example, DORT can separate a target in the water column from reverberation on the bottom. DORT requires a set of echoes recorded on a line array that result from a set of independent transmissions from a source array. A short derivation of DORT using the sonar equation is given. Because DORT is inherently a frequency-domain method, the time-frequency domain is derived to implement the algorithm on the data. Lastly, the similarity of DORT to adaptive beam forming is shown. In this paper, data - taken on the Atlantic shelf, east of Cape May, NJ, during Geoclutter 03 and TREX-04 experiments - is processed and shown. The data was taken with a 64 element vertical line array of source-receiver elements. The target was an echo repeater using an XF4 source from 500 to 2500 Hz or an ITC 200 source from 2500 to 3500 Hz. The data cover six 500 Hz-bands from 500 Hz to 3500 Hz. The data are processed using DORT in the time-frequency domain. The analysis produces singular values in the time-frequency domain and in the time-delay domain. It also produces singular vectors that are used with a broad-band propagation model to form backpropagation images in the range, depth, frequency or range, depth, time domain. The analysis shows that the limiting factors in this data set arise from 1) motion that causes a lack of time-invariance, 2) additive noise and 3) the independent transmission scheme. The lack of time invariance is shown to spread the echo energy into several singular indices. Additive noise is shown to contaminate the singular values and back-propagation images. The particular transmission scheme used, time division multiplexed LFMs, is shown to create large side lobes in the time domain. Alternative transmission sequences, as well as alternative source and receiver orientations, are discussed. (This work sponsored by ONR.) C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fromm, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1210 EP 1215 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701042 ER PT S AU Menis, R AF Menis, Richard TI A versatile system-independent echo-repeater system SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB To support a host of underwater acoustic measurements, a low-cost, system-independent echo-repeater system has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This system (i.e. echo-repeater software, computer, data acquisition (DAQ) hardware, signal conditioning, etc.) was required to be: (1) capable of handling a wide frequency range ( up to 10+ kHz); (2) capable of being plugged into a variety of power amplifiers and "wet-end" systems ("wet-end" being defined as the transducer and/or hydrophone combinations that are deployed into the ocean); (3) flexible both in signal capture and signal transmission; (4) capable of transmitting complex waveform schedules; (5) low cost; and (6) easy to maintain and upgrade. Scientific research areas this echo-repeater system supports include, but are not limited to, target classification/simulation, time reversal, transmission loss and time spread, and waveguide characterization. This paper describes this modular system and how it has been used to support these diverse research applications. [Work supported by ONR.] C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Menis, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1224 EP 1227 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701044 ER PT S AU Wiegert, R Oeschger, J AF Wiegert, Roy Oeschger, John TI Generalized magnetic gradient contraction based method for detection, localization and discrimination of underwater mines and unexploded ordnance SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB We report significant progress toward full development of a unique magnetic-gradient-tensor-based "Scalar Triangulation and Ranging (STAR)" method for detection, localization and classification (DLC) of magnetic targets. The STAR method converts magnetic tensors to rotationally invariant scalar parameters that are virtually unaffected by the effects of sensing platform motion. Thus, the STAR method is particularly appropriate for magnetic target DLC using highly mobile sensing platforms such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). Prior work has resulted in development of a two-dimensional (2-D) magnetic target-homing concept for fully autonomous localization of mines using crawler-type AUVs. However, the simple 2-D STAR approach cannot effectively discriminate between magnetic clutter and mine-like target signatures. Improved, 3-D simulations demonstrate that the STAR concept can be applied to measurements of the vector positions and dipole signatures of magnetic objects. The new results indicate that an improved STAR system will provide an enhanced capability for discrimination between magnetic clutter and real targets such as magnetic mines and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). Consequently, further development of the advanced STAR concept will provide high-mobility autonomous sensing platforms (such as AUVs and man-portable systems) with a uniquely effective modality for DLC of magnetic mines and UXO. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Wiegert, R (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, 110 Venon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1325 EP 1332 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701060 ER PT S AU Mouring, SE Louca, L Levis, W AF Mouring, Sarah E. Louca, Luke Levis, Wflliam TI Structural response of impact-damaged composite panels SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Internal damage due to impulse events, such as impact or shock, may not be detected by visual inspection in composite structures. This internal damage can cause significant reductions in strength and may lead to catastrophic failure. Therefore there is a need first to understand completely the effects of an impact event on a composite material. As part of this research project, a simple energy model has been used to better quantify the behavior of glass reinforced polymers (GRP) panels subjected to impact. Sixteen 0.229 m x .0.178 m x 0.006 m woven roving GRP panels were impacted with varying energy levels and tup sizes to compare the experimental results to that of the energy model. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Arch & Ocean Engr, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Arch & Ocean Engr, 117 Decatur Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1370 EP 1373 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701067 ER PT S AU Cobb, JT Schulz, B Dobeck, G AF Cobb, J. Tory Schulz, Bryan Dobeck, Gerald TI Forward-looking sonar target tracking and homing from a small AUV SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Neutralization of hazardous obstacles and target in coastal areas is a labor intensive, dangerous task for human divers. Automated detection tracking, and classification of bottom and Volume targets from autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) will enable remote neutralization of hazardous objects in much less time than current operations In order to meet tight powe and processing constraints detection tracking, and classification algorithms must be fast'enough to execute on small onboard computers. This paper describes areaIntinte algorithm, for tracking and homing on volume targets for a small IAUV. The algorithm was implemented onboard a Nekton 4 7/8 in. diameter AUV outfitted with a blazed array forward-looking sonar. Performance results of the algorithm in off-Jine bench tests and from a field demonstration at AUVfest in Keyport, WA are presented. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Cobb, JT (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1388 EP 1394 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701070 ER PT S AU Bettenhausen, MH Gaiser, PW AF Bettenhausen, Michael H. Gaiser, Peter W. TI WindSat ocean surface wind vector and sea surface temperature retrievals SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB WindSat is the first spaceborne fully polarimetric microwave radiometer. We describe a nonlinear optimization algorithm for WindSat wind vector and sea surface temperature retrievals. The algorithm simultaneously retrieves the atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water, sea surface temperature and the ocean surface wind vector that matches our forward model to the measured brightness temperatures. The forward model is based on parameterizations of a radiative transfer model with empirical corrections. We describe our retrieval algorithm and present analysis of retrieval performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bettenhausen, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bettenhausen@nrl.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1403 EP 1404 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701072 ER PT S AU Waters, JK Mayer, RH AF Waters, Jennifer K. Mayer, Robert H., Jr. TI Ocean energy design projects at the US Naval Academy SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB This paper presents a synopsis of three different ocean energy capstone design projects performed as part of the undergraduate ocean engineering curriculum at the U.S. Naval Academy dealing with: (1) Offshore Wind Energy, (2) Tidal-Induced Current Energy, and (3) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). As more types and more quantities of renewable energy sources are contributing to our nation's energy supply, the feasibility of ocean-related renewable energy is being more carefully considered and comprehensively investigated. While there are many advantages to harnessing energy from ocean sources, there are also many challenges - including environmental, structural, regulatory and socio-political challenges. The design approach, design process highlights and final findings from the three ocean-based renewable energy projects are presented here. C1 USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Waters, JK (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1415 EP 1420 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701075 ER PT S AU Kirsteins, IP Sarma, A Tufts, DW AF Kirsteins, I. P. Sarma, A. Tufts, D. W. TI Video intensity mapping for fair receiver comparison SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID SETTING TOLERANCE LIMITS AB In underwater acoustic signal processing, sonar receivers are often compared and judged qualitatively by visually examining intensity or false-color plots of the 2-D test statistic outputs on a computer monitor. A major danger with this approach is that human observers are often biased by aesthetic qualities or artifacts introduced either unintentionally or intentionally by the video intensity map designer. Motivated by this problem, we develop an approach for "fairly" displaying receiver outputs that is based on using nonparametric tolerance intervals to optimally quantize the test statistic pixels into luminance codewords that are then mapped into video intensities chosen to satisfy Weber's law. Application to actual underwater acoustic data suggests the new approach works well. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1455 EP 1458 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701082 ER PT S AU Horner, DP Healey, AJ Kragelund, SP AF Horner, D. P. Healey, A. J. Kragelund, S. P. TI AUV experiments in obstacle avoidance SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Reactive Obstacle Avoidance (OA) is an important step in attaining greater autonomy in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). For AUVs that conduct underwater surveys, avoidance of uncharted obstacles can improve vehicle survivability. This paper discusses initial experiments at the Center for AUV Research in obstacle detection and avoidance using the Naval Postgraduate School ARIES AUV with the Blueview Blazed Array forward looking sonar. It includes a discussion on evaluating OA optimality, autopilot control design and sonar image processing. It concludes with a description of successful results from a recent demonstration. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Informat & Operat Sci, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Horner, DP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Informat & Operat Sci, Ctr AUV Res, Monterey, CA USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1464 EP 1470 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701084 ER PT S AU Sarma, A Tufts, DW AF Sarma, Ashwin Tufts, Donald W. TI Improving CFAR detection through adaptive determination of reference window extents SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID MULTIPLE-TARGET SITUATIONS; RANDOMNESS; TESTS; CLUTTER; REVERBERATION; EFFICIENCIES; PERFORMANCE; THRESHOLD; TREND AB Adaptive Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detectors operating on envelope-squared matched-filtered beam data generally employ two equal fixed-length windows, straddling the test cell, to collect reference samples. Our objective is to prevent the consideration of reference sample sets that do not behave even approximately i.i.d. A procedure to adaptively determine window sizes is presented. The nested hypothesis testing procedure is based on the principles of Quality Control and utilizes the Mann-Kendall rank test for randomness. Potential benefits include improved false alarm control, increased detection probability and closer tracking of extended clutter edges. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Sarma, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1501 EP 1507 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701090 ER PT S AU Shen, CY Evans, TE AF Shen, Colin Y. Evans, Thomas E. TI Some practical ways to determine coastal current's vertical structure SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID VELOCITY PROJECTION; SUBSURFACE CURRENT; DYNAMICS AB Remote sensing technology has made it possible to rapidly observe wide areas of the ocean surface. To determine subsurface conditions from these observations requires the application of hydrodynamic principles. For coastal currents, the viscous dynamics can be applied to efficiently project surface data downward to obtain current's vertical structure in real time. This method has been developed for use with remotely sensed surface current data obtained from HF radars, and now is being extended to use remote sensing images. In this case, the surface currents are determined together with subsurface currents from the dynamic and conservation equations, as opposed to tracking or correlating image patterns in time. Alternatively, the surface data can be assimilated into a numerical coastal ocean model that solves for depth-dependent currents. But, presently, efficient assimilative computation appears to be feasible only with depth-integrated ocean models. In this case, a method can be developed to obtain current structure from the depth-integrated solution via the use of surface and bottom boundary stresses and associated shear equations. This method of determination can be practical as it requires only the depth-integrated solution and surface and bottom boundary conditions at the location of interest as input, in contrast to conventional modeling approach of determining currents over the whole model domain. Demonstration of the use of the various methods noted here will be given by means of numerical examples and comparisons with some field experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1557 EP 1564 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701099 ER PT S AU Arroyo-Suarez, EN Hsiao, V Mabey, DL AF Arroyo-Suarez, Elliot N. Hsiao, Vic Mabey, Deborah L. TI Implementation of a positioning and telemetry buoy to determine chart datum for hydrographic survey applications SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) and the U. S. Navy's Fleet Survey Team (FST) conduct worldwide hydrographic surveys in accordance with International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44 standards. The current concept of operations (CONOPS) requires that tide gauges be installed in-shore to define the local vertical chart datum. This requires clearances and permissions from national and local authorities as well as landowners in order to establish and access these shore stations. Substantial effort to establish and maintain security for shore parties and equipment left behind is also required. The recent implementation of real-time Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) point positioning technology presents an opportunity to change and greatly simplify the current CONOPS. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Arroyo-Suarez, EN (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1726 EP 1728 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701126 ER PT S AU Gauss, RC Fialkowski, JM Wurmser, D AF Gauss, R. C. Fialkowski, J. M. Wurmser, D. TI A low- and mid-frequency bistatic scattering model for the ocean surface SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Accurate bistatic active sonar performance predictions require accurate predictions of reverberation which in turn rely on accurate estimates of surface scattering strength. This paper describes a new semi-empirical model that estimates the surface scattering strength due to both the rough air-sea interface and subsurface bubble clouds, given the acoustic frequency (up to 10 kHz), incident and scattered grazing angles, bistatic angle, wind speed, and sound speed in the water. For the interface, small slope theory is used that accounts for surface-wave roughness spectra with low wavenumber cutoffs. For the bubbles, a stochastic volume scattering theory is used for frequencies up to 5 kHz and a transition function to handle 5-10 kHz. For both components, model parameters are determined from fits to significant sets of low- and mid-frequency open-ocean data. The broadband model is then used to highlight the relative influence of the two scattering mechanisms as a function of frequency, wind speed, and scattering angle. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gauss, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7144, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1738 EP 1744 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701129 ER PT S AU Kunz, EL Gauss, RC AF Kunz, E. L. Gauss, R. C. TI Bottom backscattering strengths measured at 2-5 kHz in shallow water west of Scotland SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB During The Technical Cooperation Program's T-MAST 02 sea trial in July of 2002, direct-path measurements of bottom backscattering strength were made at 2-5 kHz at 18 sites on the Outer Hebrides Platform and the Stanton Banks (west of Scotland). This is a complex area, with sediment types including mud, sand, gravel and bedrock, and strewn throughout with stones, pebbles, and rocks. When stones, etc. were present in accompanying bottom grabs, bottom backscattering strengths were generally high and flattish in angle (over 10 to 40 deg), with many sites empirically exhibiting a sin theta or flatter angular dependence. The frequency dependence in these cases was mild. When stones, etc. were absent, bottom backscattering strengths were less high and less flat in angle, with stronger frequency dependence. These results illustrate the inadequacies of using Lambert's Law to model bottom backscattering strengths, as well as relying on archival databases, and argue for in-situ environmental characterization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kunz, EL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7140, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1745 EP 1749 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701130 ER PT S AU Calvo, DC Gaumond, CF Fromm, DM Menis, R Lingevitch, JF Edelmann, GF Kim, E AF Calvo, David C. Gaumond, Charlies F. Fromm, David M. Menis, Richard Lingevitch, Joseph F. Edelmann, Geoffrey F. Kim, Elisabeth TI Detection enhancement using multiple time-reversed guide sources in shallow water SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID COMPENSATION AB Detection in a monostatic, broadband, active sonar system is degraded by propagation-induced spreading. To mitigate the problem, a technique using multiple guide sources is investigated to improve probability of detection in noisy environments without explicit environmental knowledge. The approach is similar to that used in astronomy for detecting faint stars by observing the atmospheric aberration of brighter "guide" stars. In ocean acoustics, the guide sources can be sonobuoys or explosive charges. The technique was applied to echo detection during the 2004 Naval Research Laboratory Time-Reversal Experiment performed south of the Hudson Canyon off the coast of New Jersey. In this test, 0.25 see LFMs were transmitted with 500 Hz bandwidths chosen over a 0.5 square 3.5 kHz range using the NRL 64 element source-receiver array. The transmissions were then echo-repeated by a ship at a range varying between 0.5 square 5 km. The echo-repeating ship also transmitted one-way, 1 sec, lkHz bandwidth LFMs that were used as the guide-source signals. As the ship drifts, multiple guide source signals are received over a volume. These guide-source signals, which contain environmental information and characterize the propagation-induced spreading, form the basis of the technique for improving detection without having explicit environmental knowledge. Using an empirical-orthogonal-function representation of the set of monostatic guide-source signals, echoes are convolved with the time-reversed orthogonal functions as part of a filter bank. In this study, the probability of detection of noisy echoes using multiple guide-source (MGS) signals is compared with a baseline probability of detection using matched filtering. ROC curve improvement using the MGS filters is obtained using two different detectors. Significant gains in signal-to-noise ratio are obtained for echoes originating outside the volume where guide-source signals were transmitted and at significantly later transmission times than the guide source signals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvo, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1780 EP 1784 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978701136 ER PT S AU Smith, DR Geer, IW Moran, JM Weinbeck, RS AF Smith, D. R. Geer, I. W. Moran, J. M. Weinbeck, R. S. TI The Maury project and datastreme ocean: AMS teacher enhancement programs for the ocean sciences SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1940 EP 1943 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702004 ER PT S AU Clem, TR Davis, PS McDonald, RJ Overway, DJ Purpura, JW Vaizer, L King, D AF Clem, T. R. Davis, P. S. McDonald, R. J. Overway, D. J. Purpura, J. W. Vaizer, L. King, D. TI Preliminary evaluation of the laser scalar gradiometer for buried minehunting SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Fusion concepts using a magnetic sensor in combination with acoustic and optical sensors operating onboard an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) are under consideration to reacquire and confirm buried contacts detected in an initial sonar search. Two magnetic sensors are currently being developed by the Office of Naval Research for buried minehunting (BMH): Polatomic's Laser Scalar Gradiometer (LSG) and Quantum Magnetics' Realtime Tracking Gradiometer (RTG). The LSG is a multi-channel electron-spin resonance scalar magnetometer/gradiometer, while the RTG is a multi-channel tensor gradiometer using fluxgate technology. In this paper, we will describe progress in the development and testing of the LSG. The operation of the LSG is based on the opto-magnetic properties of helium-4 gas in accordance with the Zeeman effect The LSG and its predecessor, the P-2000, have attained increased sensitivity over comparable sensors by the use of a laser in place of incoherent light for optical pumping. The LSG employs four helium sense cells configured in a volume-filling arrangement to measure four independent channels of information: the scalar field magnitude and admixtures of the three components of the scalar-field gradient vector. The P-2000 electronics consists of a mixture of discrete analog and digital circuits that requires three rack-mounted units. To satisfy the size and power requirements for operation in small UUVs and the requirement for autonomous sensor operation, the LSG electronics features integrated digital surface mount technology. In initial testing, preliminary LSG performance has been measured by acquiring data with the sensor stationary and in motion in a magnetically quiet environment. In addition, a tracking experiment has been conducted to validate algorithms for target detection, classification and localization (DCL). Work is in progress to optimize the performance of the LSG. When this work is completed, the LSG will be integrated into the REMUS 600 developed by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) and experiments over target fields at sea will be conducted. This paper reviews the LSG design, presents results from the initial land-based testing, and describes plans for system integration and underwater experiments conducted with the LSG onboard REMUS 600. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Clem, TR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1944 EP 1955 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702005 ER PT S AU Allen, GI Sulzberger, G Bono, JT Pray, JS Clem, TR AF Allen, G. I. Sulzberger, G. Bono, J. T. Pray, J. S. Clem, T. R. TI Initial evaluation of the new real-time tracking gradiometer designed for small Unmanned Underwater Vehicles SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The shallow water localization of buried mines places increased emphasis on sensor and sensor platform size and maneuverability. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has funded a number of projects to develop efficient buried minehunting capabilities. In particular, they are supporting the development of two Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) designed specifically for shallow water minehunting. In addition, the ONR has funded the development of two magnetic sensors for use on these UUV's. This paper documents the recent progress that has been made in operating one of these sensors, the uuv-Real-time Tracking Gradiometer (uuv-RTG) underwater and in motion. The new uuv-RTG, with a 165 mm baseline, consists of four, 3-axis fluxgate magnetometers, each located within a 3-axis Helmholtz coil. The coils on the fourth magnetometer are not connected to allow its use as a reference sensor that provides magnetic feedback to the other three sensors. The feedback developed by the reference sensor is used to null the signals caused by motion, allowing the three primary sensors to operate at low noise levels in large magnetic fields. These three magnetometers are then used to develop six gradients, five of which are independent. With the appropriate software algorithms, this system is able to provide useful range and bearing to ferromagnetic targets, as well as their magnetic moment. Initial evaluation of RTG technology underwater was accomplished by installing a field prototype RTG (RTG-fp) with a 305 mm. baseline, onboard a towed, low mag sled designed by Florida Atlantic University (FAU) for their Buried Object Scanning Sonar (BOSSH). The RTG-fp operating in unison with the BOSS H system on the BOSS sled, provided limited but useful data regarding its performance and ability to be fused with a sonar, such as the BOSS H. Prior to their planned integration in late 2005, the new generation uuv-RTG and the BOSS M are currently undergoing performance testing on individual AUVs called Bluefin 12s [1]. Operating a magnetic sensor onboard a small AUVs such as the 324 mm diameter Bluefin 12 is especially difficult. This is due, not only to the close proximity of the magnetometers to multiple magnetic interference sources that are integral to the vehicle, but also to magnetic interference generated by other sensors that are present and share the same payload section. An extensive noise mitigation package consisting of three, 3-axis magnetometers and 2 current sensors were installed on the Bluefin 12 to mitigate this problem. The uuv-RTG is currently being magnetically characterized. Once the characterization is completed, it will be integrated with BOSS M on a winged version of the Bluefin 12. Here it will be evaluated both independently and in fusion with the BOSS M. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Allen, GI (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 1956 EP 1962 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702006 ER PT S AU Turgut, A Gauss, R Osler, J AF Turgut, A. Gauss, R. Osler, J. TI Measurements of velocity dispersion in marine sediments during the Boundary04 Malta Plateau experiment SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Existence of acoustic velocity dispersion and non-linear frequency dependency of attenuation in marine sediments is investigated. A new wide-band acoustic probe system has been used during Boundary04 experiment at Malta Plateau to measure compressional wave speed and attenuation within 20150 kHz frequency band. Observation of velocity dispersion in granular marine sediments has been previously reported by Turgut and Yamamoto (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 87, 2376-2383, 1990), Magner et al., (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 108, 987-996, 2000), and Stoll (J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 111, 785-793, 2002). However, most of the previous results were obtained by using different measurement techniques at low and high frequencies. Wide-band acoustic probe measurements show evidence of dispersion of compressional waves within 20-100 kHz frequency band in muddy silt. The observed dispersion is effectively modeled by an extended Biot theory (Yamamoto and Turgut, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 83, 1988, pp. 1744-1751). In the extended Biot model viscous losses due to relative motion between the pore fluid and skeletal frame are calculated for marine sediment with non-uniform pore-size distribution. The extended Biot model that predicts comparable dispersion and attenuation to those measured in silty sediments briefly described. Finally, recent improvements on the wide-band acoustic probe system are discussed for future compressional wave velocity and attenuation measurements in granular marine sediments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2132 EP 2136 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702037 ER PT S AU Gendron, PJ AF Gendron, Paul J. TI Estimating mutual information for the underwater acoustic channel SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Estimates of upper and lower bounds on the information rates attainable for acoustic communication systems with white Gaussian sources under uncertain channel conditions are provided. These bounds account for finite duration signaling effects as well as finite coherence time and are not reliant on the presence of training data. The approach is useful in providing guidance in the selection of coding strategies based on available probe data or from propagation modeling. For the case of the coherence time of the channel exceeding that of the packet duration the estimators are computationally efficient with the use of the Levinson recursion. The reduction in the information rate relative to the known channel case is qualitatively assessed. For scenarios where the prior channel covariance is known exactly the exact bounds on the information rates are computable else the estimators provide confidence intervals for these rates. These estimators are tested on 18 kHz at sea data collected from north of Elba Italy on a 1.8m aperture vertical array. The effects of coherence degradation as well as multi-path spread are quantified. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Acoust, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gendron, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Acoust, Code 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gendron@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2137 EP 2142 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702038 ER PT S AU Adams, IS Jones, WL Vasudevan, S Soisuvarn, S AF Adams, Ian S. Jones, W. Linwood Vasudevan, Santhosh Soisuvarn, Seubson TI Hurricane wind Retrievals using the SeaWinds scatterometer on QuikSCAT SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Meteorologists require reliable real-time measurements of tropical cyclone (TC) conditions to issue hurricane forecasts and advisories. The models they utilize assimilate many sources of data including airborne and spaceborne surface wind estimates. One instrument that has the potential for operational use is the SeaWinds Scatterometer on QuikSCAT. Unfortunately, the adverse effects of rain on the scatterometer signal make these measurements unreliable. Intense rain volumes can drown out radar echo with a combination of attenuation and high backscatter, while the standard resolution of wind measurements tends to wash out high wind retrievals. Furthermore, traditional geophysical model functions (GMF), which relate wind speed and direction with radar backscatter (sigma-0), have not been tuned for the high wind conditions of storms because sampling of these events is poor. Thus, scatterometers tend to underestimate TC winds. By utilizing a combined active/passive retrieval algorithm developed specifically for TCs, we are able to simultaneously retrieve wind speed and rain rates using the SeaWinds Scatterometer. Unreliable wind measurements are flagged based on rain estimates. To certify that wind retrievals are ready for operational use, wind speeds are compared with H*Wind wind fields developed by the Hurricane Research Division of NOAA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Adams, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. EM ian.adams@nrl.navy.mil; ljones5@cfl.rr.com RI Soisuvarn, Seubson/R-8130-2016 OI Soisuvarn, Seubson/0000-0002-1373-8974 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2148 EP 2150 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702041 ER PT S AU Lee, ZP Casey, B Parsons, R Goode, W Weidemann, A Arnone, R AF Lee, ZhongPing Casey, Brandon Parsons, Rost Goode, Wesley Weidemann, Alan Arnone, Robert TI Bathymetry of shallow coastal regions derived from space-borne hyperspectral sensor SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID WATER COLUMN; RETRIEVAL; IMAGERY; OCEANS AB Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor on board NASA's EO-1 satellite. Its spatial resolution is about 30 meters with a swath of similar to 7 Km. Though Hyperion was not designed for ocean studies, its unique spectral configuration (430 nm - 2400 nm with a similar to 10nm step) makes it especially attractive to study the effectiveness of such kind of sensor for observing complex coastal waters. In this study, Hyperion data over two sites of the Florida coasts were acquired, with one focused on the clear Key West waters, and the other focused on the relatively turbid Tampa Bay waters. From both data sets, water properties and bottom bathymetry were simultaneously derived from atmosphere corrected Hyperion data using a spectral matching technique. More importantly, in the top-to-bottom processing of Hyperion data, there was no use of any a prior or ground truth information. For the Key West site, derived bathymetry and water properties were validated with NAVOCEA NO CHARTS (active bathymetric LIDAR system) and field measurements, respectively. It is found that the retrieved depths (in a range of similar to 1 - 20 in) match LIDAR depths very well (similar to 15% average error), indicating significant potential of using hyperspectral satellite sensor for efficient and repetitive observation of shallow coastal regions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, ZP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2160 EP 2170 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702044 ER PT S AU Bachmann, CM Ainsworth, TL Gillis, DB Maness, SJ Montes, MJ Donato, TF Bowles, JH Korwan, DR Fusina, RA Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ AF Bachmann, Charles M. Ainsworth, Thomas L. Gillis, David B. Maness, Shelia J. Montes, Marcos J. Donato, Timothy F. Bowles, Jeffrey H. Korwan, Daniel R. Fusina, Robert A. Lamela, Gia M. Rhea, W. Joseph TI A new data-driven approach to modeling coastal bathymetry from hyperspectral imagery using manifold coordinates SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Recently a new approach to modeling nonlinear structure in hyperspectral imagery was introduced [1]. The new method is a data-driven approach which extracts a set of coordinates that directly parameterize nonlinearities present in hyperspectral imagery, both on land and in the water column. The motivation for such a parameterization and its applicability to coastal bathymetry is based on the physical expectation that in shallow waters in a region that is homogeneous in bottom type and dissolved constituents, the reflectance at any particular wavelength should decay exponentially as a function of depth [10]. If the rate varies with wavelength, then the reflectance should best be described by a nonlinear sheet or manifold in spectral space [6]. Other changes in the structure of the data manifold can be expected as inherent optical properties (IOP) and bottom type vary. The manifold coordinates can be used to extract information concerning the latter as well. In the present work, we compare a manifold coordinate based approach to extracting bathymetry with prior work [9] based on radiative transfer modeling; the latter defined a set of look-up tables produced by repeated execution of a radiative transfer software package known as EcoLight [11]. Comparative results for the two approaches are presented for the same Portable Hyperspectral Imager for low-light spectroscopy (PHILLS) [3] airborne hyperspectral scene, acquired over the Indian River Lagoon in Florida in July 2004 and described in [9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7232, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bachmann@nrl.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2242 EP 2249 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702059 ER PT S AU Corson, MR Bowles, JH Gillis, DB Maness, SJ Montes, MJ AF Corson, M. R. Bowles, J. H. Gillis, D. B. Maness, S. J. Montes, M. J. TI Maritime hyperspectral imaging and coastal bathymetry from space SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE ID IMAGERY AB Spaceborne maritime hyperspectral imagery promises to be a powerful technique for the retrieval of coastal bathymetry and other environmental parameters worldwide. In hyperspectral imaging, a contiguous spectrum of the light leaving each ground sample is recorded. Bathymetry retrievals are performed by modeling the water-leaving spectral radiance of sunlight scattered by the water column and bottom, and matching the modeled data to the measured spectra. This can be done using a Look-Up-Table (LUT) in which modeled spectra are stored for many combinations of water and bottom parameters, which are then searched to find the modeled spectrum that best matches the measured data for each ground sample. This method is applied to 4 m resolution airborne hyperspectral imagery of the Indian River Lagoon in Florida, and the retrieved bathymetry is compared to 30 m resolution ground validation data. LUT bathymetry retrievals for regions identified as a having uniform bottom type correlated well with measured bathymetry to a depth of 5 m. These preliminary results suggest that the LUT method has the potential for accurate bathymetry determination from space. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Corson, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2269 EP 2273 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702063 ER PT S AU Ouimet, SP Hahn, MJ Rice, J AF Ouimet, S. P. Hahn, M. J. Rice, J. TI Undersea communication network as a UUV navigation aid SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB Acoustic modems are the basis for emerging undersea wireless communications networks. US Navy Seaweb technology offers an opportunity to perform undersea navigation and tracking by virtue of node-to-node ranging measurements acquired as a by-product of the acoustic communications protocol. A simple localization algorithm is developed and verified with synthetic data and is then tested with an Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) during an experiment at sea. This work will look at improvements to an existing algorithm that was tested with data from the Seaweb UUV Test that was conducted in May 2005 in Monterey Bay. The main improvement that will be tested involves incorporating the third dimension (depth) into the equations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Ouimet, SP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2485 EP 2490 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702101 ER PT S AU Arroyo-Suarez, EN Riley, JL Glang, GF Mabey, DL AF Arroyo-Suarez, Elliot N. Riley, Jack L. Glang, Gerd F. Mabey, Deborah L. TI Evaluating a global differential GPS system for hydrographic surveying SO OCEANS 2005, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Conference CY SEP 17-23, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), the U. S. Navy's Fleet Survey Team (FST), and the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) conduct hydrographic surveys for nautical charting in accordance with International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44 standards. To meet these standards, current practice requires shore stations for differential GPS control and local water level determination. A real-time global differential GPS (GDGPS) system, in which corrections are delivered by satellite, presents an opportunity to greatly simplify hydrographic operations by minimizing or eliminating shore stations. The three dimensional accuracy of GDGPS is demonstrated from static observations. The vertical accuracy of GDGPS positioning for hydrographic surveying is compared to that obtained from simultaneously acquired real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. The accuracy of traditional hydrographic sounding reduction techiques, using water level corrections and measured heave, is also presented. The accuracy of GDGPS vertical positioning is observed to be adequate for IHO Order 1 hydrographic surveying. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Arroyo-Suarez, EN (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 0-933957-34-3 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2005 BP 2557 EP 2563 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BEQ88 UT WOS:000238978702115 ER PT S AU Kim, A Luo, J Kang, M AF Kim, A Luo, J Kang, M BE Meersman, R Tari, Z Hacid, MS Mylopoulos, J Pernici, B Babaoglu, O Jacobsen, HA Loyall, J Kifer, M Spaccapietra, S TI Security ontology for annotating resources SO ON THE MOVE TO MEANINGFUL INTERNET SYSTEMS 2005: COOPIS, DOA, AND ODBASE, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OTM Confederated International Conference and Workshop CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2005 CL Agia Napa, CYPRUS SP RMIT Univ, Vrije Univ Brussels, Dept Comp Sci, Interop AB Annotation with security-related metadata enables discovery of resources that meet security requirements. This paper presents the NRL Security Ontology, which complements existing ontologies in other domains that focus on annotation of functional aspects of resources. Types of security information that could be described include mechanisms, protocols, objectives, algorithms, and credentials in various levels of detail and specificity. The NRL Security Ontology is more comprehensive and better organized than existing security ontologies. It is capable of representing more types of security statements and can be applied to any electronic resource. The class hierarchy of the ontology makes it both easy to use and intuitive to extend. We applied this ontology to a Service Oriented Architecture to annotate security aspects of Web service descriptions and queries. A refined matching algorithm was developed to perform requirement-capability matchmaking that takes into account not only the ontology concepts, but also the properties of the concepts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kim@itd.nrl.navy.mil; luo@itd.nrl.navy.mil; mkang@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29738-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3761 BP 1483 EP 1499 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDJ18 UT WOS:000233743400034 ER PT S AU Luo, J Montrose, B Kang, M AF Luo, J Montrose, B Kang, M BE Meersman, R Tari, Z Herrero, P Mendez, G Cavedon, L Martin, D Hinze, A Buchanan, G Perez, MS Robles, V Humble, J Albani, A Dietz, JLG Panetto, H Scannapieco, M Halpin, T Spyns, P Zaha, JM Zimanyi, E Stefanakis, E Dillon, T Feng, L Jarrar, M Lehmann, J DeMoor, A Duval, E Aroyo, L TI An approach for semantic query processing with UDDI SO ON THE MOVE TO MEANINGFUL INTERNET SYSTEMS 2005: OTM 2005 WORKSHOPS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT OTM Confederated International Conference and Workshop CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 2005 CL Agia Napa, CYPRUS SP RMIT Univ, Vrije Univ Brussels, Dept Comp Sci, Interop AB UDDI is not suitable for handling semantic markups for Web services due to its flat data model and limited search capabilities. In this paper, we introduce an approach to allow for support of semantic service descriptions and queries using registries that conforms to UDDI V3 specification. Specifically, we discuss how to store complex semantic markups in the UDDI data model and use that information to perform semantic query processing. Our approach does not require any modification to the existing UDDI registries. The add-on modules reside only on clients who wish to take advantage of semantic capabilities. This approach is completely backward compatible and can integrate seamlessly into existing infrastructure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM luo@itd.nrl.navy.mil; montrose@itd.nrl.navy.mil; mkang@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29739-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3762 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDJ19 UT WOS:000233744700024 ER PT S AU Richter, A AF Richter, Anke BE Brandeau, ML Sainfort, F Pierskalla, WP TI DUCT TAPE FOR DECISION MAKERS: THE USE OF OR MODELS IN PHARMACOECONOMICS SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE: A HANDBOOK OF METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Health economics; Pharmacoeconomics; Cost-benefit models; Cost-effectiveness models ID HYPERTENSION; GUIDELINES; INFECTION; PANEL AB Operations research ( OR) provides an excellent set of tools for decision makers who regulate the use of new treatments or medications. The decision about whether to use a new treatment must typically be made well before long-term trials or database studies can be conducted. However, large amounts of information about new treatments are available from the clinical trials required for drug registration. OR models can synthesize this information and use it to predict expected costs and benefits of long-term treatment use within a given population. Such analysis provides valuable additional information for the decision maker when a novel treatment is initially being considered. These analyses are like duct tape for the decision maker: they are designed to make use of the best currently available information to help current decisions, thereby bridging the gap until better information becomes available. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resource Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Richter, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resource Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-1-4020-8066-1 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2005 VL 70 BP 275 EP 296 DI 10.1007/1-4020-8066-2_11 D2 10.1007/b106574 PG 22 WC Health Policy & Services; Management; Operations Research & Management Science; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Medical Informatics GA BLO42 UT WOS:000270672800011 ER PT J AU Driggers, RG Krapels, K Murrill, S Young, S Thielke, M Schuler, J AF Driggers, RG Krapels, K Murrill, S Young, S Thielke, M Schuler, J TI Superresolution performance for undersampled imagers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE imager performance; sampling ID ARRAY IMAGERS; TOD AB Enhancement of undersampled imager performance has been demonstrated using superresolution techniques. In these techniques, the optical flow of the scene or the relative subpixel shifts among various snapshots of the scene are calculated, and a high-resolution grid is populated with spatial data using various algorithms. Performance enhancement has been demonstrated for the case of a static image with the undersampled imager compared with a static image that has been acquired through a frame series in a dynamic scene. In this research, the performance is compared for four cases: static image with undersampled imager, static image with superresolution frame sequence, dynamic image with undersampled imager, and dynamic image with superresolution frame sequence. (C) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Night Vis & Elect Senors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22041 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), Night Vis & Elect Senors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22041 USA. EM rdrigger@nvl.army.mil NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 AR 014002 DI 10.1117/1.1829551 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904IP UT WOS:000227489600015 ER PT S AU Sanghera, JS Busse, LE Aggarwal, ID Chenard, F AF Sanghera, JS Busse, LE Aggarwal, ID Chenard, F BE Saito, TT TI Infrared fibers for defense against MANPAD systems SO Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Ctr Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Ctr Florida ID GLASS-FIBERS AB Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses of chalcogenide glass fibers using improved chemical purification and fiberization techniques. The losses are low enough for practical applications which include laser power delivery for infrared missile protection systems. Fiber cables have been fabricated and successfully used in field demonstrations for missile defense. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5766-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5781 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.602564 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCO32 UT WOS:000230404300002 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Goray, LI Kjornrattanawanich, B Laming, JM Holland, GE Flanagan, KA Heilmann, RK Chang, CH Schattenburg, ML Rasmussen, AP AF Seely, J. F. Goray, L. I. Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan Laming, J. M. Holland, G. E. Flanagan, K. A. Heilmann, R. K. Chang, C. -H. Schattenburg, M. L. Rasmussen, A. P. BE Citterio, O ODell, SL TI Off-Plane Grazing Incidence Constellation-X Grating Calibrations using Polarized Synchrotron Radiation and PCGRATE Code Calculations SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy II CY AUG 03, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE diffraction grating; soft x-ray-EUV spectroscopy ID BLAZED GRATINGS; RAY; SPECTROGRAPHS; EFFICIENCIES; MOUNTINGS; SPECTROMETERS; RANGE AB Efficiency measurements of a grazing-incidence diffraction grating, planned for the Constellation-X Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS), were performed using polarized synchrotron radiation at the NRL Brookhaven beamline X24C. The off-plane TM and TE efficiencies of the 5000 groove/mm MIT test grating, patterned on a silicon wafer, were measured and compared to the efficiencies calculated using the PCGRATE-SX code. The calculated and measured efficiencies are in agreement when using groove profiles derived from AFM measurements. The TM and TE efficiencies differ, offering the possibility of performing unique astrophysical science studies by exploiting the polarization sensitivity of the off-plane gratings. The grating calibrations demonstrate the importance of using polarized synchrotron radiation and code calculations for the understanding of the Constellation-X grating performance, in particular the effects of the groove profile and microroughness on the efficiency. The optimization of grazing-incidence gratings, for both the off-plane and in-plane mounts, planned for the RGS and x-ray spectrometers on other missions will require detailed synchrotron measurements and code calculations. C1 [Seely, J. F.; Laming, J. M.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Goray, Leonid/D-4426-2013; Heilmann, Ralf/D-4680-2009 OI Goray, Leonid/0000-0002-0381-9607; NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-5905-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5900 AR 59000B DI 10.1117/12.615943 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BRX39 UT WOS:000283844000010 ER PT J AU Walker, SE Dickhut, RM Chisholm-Brause, C Sylva, S Reddy, CM AF Walker, SE Dickhut, RM Chisholm-Brause, C Sylva, S Reddy, CM TI Molecular and isotopic identification of PAH sources in a highly industrialized urban estuary SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SITES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS; DELTA-C-13 VALUES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ELIZABETH RIVER; OIL-SPILL; CARBON AB Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments in the Elizabeth River, VA, USA, a highly industrialized urban estuary, were examined using multiple source identification techniques. Large-scale historical creosote releases from former wood-treatment facilities had long been considered the dominant source of PAHs to the estuary. Employing principal component analysis (PCA) along with identification of source-specific isomer ratios, contributions from two former wood-treatment facilities were differentiated. Additionally, a significant coal contribution was determined by also incorporating compound-specific carbon isotope ratio analysis (CSIA). Use of CSIA also successfully isolated and separated the coal signature from a coal gasification signature, which could not be distinguished using only PCA and isomer ratios. The major contributors to sediment PAH contamination in the river were successfully identified, which included a former wood-treatment facility and historical and/or current coal transport and use, a source not considered in previous investigations. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Coll William & Mary, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Walker, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM swalker@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Sylva, Sean/D-4400-2014 OI Sylva, Sean/0000-0002-4727-440X NR 53 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 619 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.10.012 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913YU UT WOS:000228192300011 ER PT J AU Pohlman, JW Canuel, EA Chapman, NR Spence, GD Whiticar, MJ Coffin, RB AF Pohlman, JW Canuel, EA Chapman, NR Spence, GD Whiticar, MJ Coffin, RB TI The origin of thermogenic gas hydrates on the northern Cascadia Margin as inferred from isotopic (C-13/C-12 and D/H) and molecular composition of hydrate and vent gas SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Goldschmidt Geochemistry Conference CY 2003 CL Kurashiki, JAPAN ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; CHEMOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES; MICROBIAL PROCESSES; PETROLEUM SYSTEMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NATURAL GASES; GREEN CANYON; CRUDE OILS; METHANE AB The isotopic (delta(13)C and delta D) and hydrocarbon compositions of hydrate-bound and vent gas collected from the seafloor of Barkley Canyon (northern Cascadia Margin, offshore Vancouver Island, Canada) were evaluated to characterize the gas and infer the type and maturity of the source rock kerogen. The hydrate gas contained methane having delta(13)C values from -43.4 parts per thousand to -42.6 parts per thousand delta D values from -143 parts per thousand to - 138 parts per thousand and a large percentage (14.9% to 31.9%) Of C-2 to C5+ hydrocarbons. These data are consistent with a thermogenic gas source. The data from Barkley Canyon are interpreted within the context of similar data from the Gulf of Mexico and Caspian Sea thermogenic hydrates, which occur in regions where the petroleum systems supporting gas and oil generation are better understood. A stable carbon isotope-based natural gas plot model and D/H data from the hydrate gas indicate that the source rock for the Barkley Canyon hydrate and vent gas had primarily Type III kerogen mixed with a small fraction of Type 11 kerogen. Oil from a seep having a pristane/phytane ratio of 3.2 was identified as a gas condensate, which supports the conclusions drawn from the gas data. A mechanism for explaining how fluids are conducted from the deep petroleum reservoir to the seafloor of Barkley Canyon is proposed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pohlman, JW (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM johnp@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; ecanuel@vims.edu; chapman@uvic.ca; gspence@uvic.ca; whiticar@uvic.ca; rcoffin@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 5 BP 703 EP 716 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.01.011 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 929DV UT WOS:000229323200003 ER PT J AU Zyda, M Mayberry, A McCree, J Davis, M AF Zyda, Michael Mayberry, Alex McCree, Jesse Davis, Margaret BE Rouse, WB Boff, KR TI FROM VIZ-SIM TO VR TO GAMES How We Built a Hit Game-Based Simulation SO ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Program managers want games for their next training simulator or combat-modeling system. Corporations want their messaging put forward in game form. These desires are sharpened by the enormously successful career of the America's Army game, the first "serious" large-scale game ever produced. In this chapter, we discuss why people want their next-generation simulation to look like a game and where they got that idea. We then describe the development of America's Army to elucidate what is required for such an effort. America's Army's can be studied as an example of the challenges we will encounter as we go forward with game-based simulation for training and combat modeling. C1 [Zyda, Michael] USC GamePipe Lab, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA USA. [Zyda, Michael] USN, MOVES Inst, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Zyda, M (reprint author), USC GamePipe Lab, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-73944-9 PY 2005 BP 553 EP 590 DI 10.1002/0471739448.ch19 D2 10.1002/0471739448 PG 38 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXZ91 UT WOS:000297737200021 ER PT S AU Aha, DW AF Aha, DW BE Pal, SK Bandyopadhyay, S Biswas, S TI Conversational case-based reasoning SO PATTERN RECOGNITION AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence CY DEC 20-22, 2005 CL Statist Inst Kolkata, Kolkata, INDIA SP Indian Statist Inst, ISI, Ctr Soft Comp Res-A Natl Fac, Govt India, Dept Sci & Technol, Int Ctr Pure & Appl Math, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Web Intelligence Consortium, Webel, Govt West Bengal IT Comp, Govt India, Council Sci & Ind Res, IEEE HO Statist Inst Kolkata C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Decis Aids Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aha, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Decis Aids Grp, Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.aha@nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-30506-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3776 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDQ09 UT WOS:000234856700004 ER PT S AU Gupta, KM Moore, PG Aha, DW Pal, SK AF Gupta, KM Moore, PG Aha, DW Pal, SK BE Pal, SK Bandyopadhyay, S Biswas, S TI Rough set feature selection methods for case-based categorization of text documents SO PATTERN RECOGNITION AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence CY DEC 20-22, 2005 CL Statist Inst Kolkata, Calcutta, INDIA SP Indian Statist Inst, ISI, Ctr Soft Comp Res-A Natl Fac, Govt India, Dept Sci & Technol, Int Ctr Pure & Appl Math, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Web Intelligence Consortium, Webel, Govt West Bengal IT Comp, Govt India, Council Sci & Ind Res, IEEE HO Statist Inst Kolkata AB Textual case bases can contain thousands of features in the form of tokens or words, which can inhibit classification performance. Recent developments in rough set theory and its applications to feature selection offer promising approaches for selecting and reducing the number of features. We adapt two rough set feature selection methods for use on n-ary class text categorization problems. We also introduce a new method for selecting features that computes the union of features selected from randomly-partitioned training subsets. Our comparative evaluation of our method with a conventional method on the Reuters-21578 data set shows that it can dramatically decrease training time without compromising classification accuracy. Also, we found that randomized training set partitions dramatically reduce training time. C1 ITT Ind, Alexandria, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Stat Inst, Kolkata 700035, W Bengal, India. RP ITT Ind, 2560 Huntington Ave, Alexandria, VA USA. EM firstname.lastname@nrl.navy.mil; sankar@isical.aci.in NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-30506-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3776 BP 792 EP 798 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDQ09 UT WOS:000234856700128 ER PT J AU Davis, DH Localio, AR Stafford, PW Helfaer, MA Durbin, DR AF Davis, DH Localio, AR Stafford, PW Helfaer, MA Durbin, DR TI Trends in operative management of pediatric splenic injury in a regional trauma system SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 03-07, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Pediat Acad Soc DE trauma systems; pediatric trauma care; splenic injury; blunt abdominal injury ID SOLID-ORGAN INJURIES; NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; CHILDREN; RISK; MULTICENTER; SURGERY; CENTERS; SPLEEN; AGE AB Objective. Selective nonoperative management of pediatric blunt splenic injury became the standard of care in the late 1980s. The extent to which this practice has been adopted in both trauma centers and nontrauma hospitals has been investigated sporadically. Several studies have demonstrated significant variations in practice patterns; however, most published studies capture only a selective population over a relatively short time interval, often without simultaneous adjustment for confounding variables. The objective of this study was to characterize the variation in operative versus nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury in children in nontrauma hospitals and in trauma centers with varying resources for pediatric care within a regionalized trauma system in the past decade. Methods. The study population included all children who were younger than 19 years and had a diagnosis of blunt injury to the spleen (International Classification of Diseases code 865.00-865.09) and were admitted to each of the 175 acute care hospitals in Pennsylvania between 1991 and 2000. The proportion of patients who were treated operatively was stratified by trauma-level certification and adjusted for age and splenic injury severity. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to generate probabilities of splenectomy by age, injury severity, and hospital type. Results. From 1991 through 2000 in Pennsylvania, 3245 children sustained blunt splenic injury that required hospitalization; 752 (23.2%) were treated operatively. Generally, as age and splenic injury severity increased, the proportion of patients who were treated operatively increased. Compared with pediatric trauma centers, the relative risk (with associated 95% confidence interval) of splenectomy was 4.4 (3.0-6.3) for level 1 trauma centers with additional qualifications in pediatrics; 6.2 (4.4-8.7) for level 1 trauma centers, 6.3 (5.3-7.4) for level 2 trauma centers, and 5.0 (4.2-5.9) for nontrauma centers. Significant variation in practice pattern was seen among hospital types and over time even after adjustment for age and injury severity. Conclusions. The operative management of splenic injury in children varied significantly by hospital trauma status and over time during the past decade in Pennsylvania. Given the relative benefits of nonoperative treatment for children with blunt splenic injury, these results highlight the need for more widespread and standardized adoption of this treatment, particularly in hospitals without a large volume of pediatric trauma patients. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat Gen & Thorac Surg, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Div Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Davis, DH (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat Gen & Thorac Surg, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, 34th St & Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM davisdan@email.chop.edu NR 25 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0508 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 884KN UT WOS:000226083700033 PM 15629986 ER PT J AU Beer, JMA Freeman, DA AF Beer, JMA Freeman, DA TI Reference-frame effects on postural compensation during visual vehicle control SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Jeremy.Beer@navy.brooks.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2005 VL 34 SU S BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 976IE UT WOS:000232726000610 ER PT J AU Willauer, HD Hoover, JB Williams, FW Mushrush, GW AF Willauer, HD Hoover, JB Williams, FW Mushrush, GW TI The construction of an improved automated atomizer for evaluating jet fuel flammability SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol; atomizer; jet fuel; flammability; antimisting; fuel additives AB The flammability characteristics of jet fuel aerosols are significant parameters for the development of fire safe fuels. In our laboratory's efforts to evaluate the success of specific chemical additives designed to reduce the ignition of jet fuel aerosols, we have developed a unique, completely automated atomizer for producing aerosols and measuring their mist flammability properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Willauer, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Code 6180,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willauer@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 9-10 BP 1075 EP 1082 DI 10.1081/LFT-200034546 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 972ZD UT WOS:000232491500004 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Chaka, A Singh, DJ AF Burton, BP Chaka, A Singh, DJ TI Chemical, magnetic and charge ordering in the system hematite-ilmenite, Fe2O3-FeTiO3 SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Structure and Dynamics of Heterogeneous Systems CY NOV 20-21, 2003 CL Univ Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch HO Univ Duisburg-Essen DE hematite; ilmenite; Fe2O3-FeTiO3; phase stability; density functional theory ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SOLID SOLUTION SERIES; WAVE BASIS-SET; LAMELLAR MAGNETISM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ANOMALIES; METALS; ROCK AB Spin polarized electronic structure calculations of total energies for ordered supercells in the system Fe2O3-FeTiO3 suggest that some layered ordered phases are more stable than an isocompositional mechanical mixture of hematite, Fe2O3, and ilmenite, FeTiO3. This result contradicts established ideas about hematite-ilmenite phase relations because it suggests that there is at least one stable ordered phase with a bulk composition intermediate between hematite and ilmenite. It is not clear if this result is an artifact of the approximations made in generalized gradient spin density functional calculations, or if an intermediate phase, or phases, is in fact stable. The electronic structure of a 30-atom layered supercell was studied by a variety of techniques. The supercell structure is FTFFFT, where F is an Fe layer and T is a Ti layer perpendicular to the hexagonal c axis. The idea was to investigate possible charge ordering on Fe sites, that is a postulate of the 'lamellar magnetism hypothesis', but significant Fe2+-Fe3+ ordering is not predicted. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, A226-223,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 78 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1080/01411590412331316555 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 892RR UT WOS:000226668200023 ER PT S AU Pique, A Pratap, B Mathews, SA Karns, BJ Auyeung, RC Kasser, M Ollinger, M Kim, H Lakeou, S Arnold, CB AF Pique, A Pratap, B Mathews, SA Karns, BJ Auyeung, RC Kasser, M Ollinger, M Kim, H Lakeou, S Arnold, CB BE Fieret, J Herman, PR Okada, T Arnold, CB Bachmann, FG Hoving, W Washio, K Lu, YF Geohegan, DB Trager, F Dubowski, JJ TI Laser direct-write of embedded electronic components and circuits SO Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics IV CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser direct-write; laser micromachining; embedded passives; embedded bare-die ID ANTENNAS AB The development of embedded surface mount devices, IC's, interconnects and power source elements offers the ability to achieve levels of miniaturization beyond the capabilities of current manufacturing techniques. By burying or embedding the whole circuit under the surface, significant reduction in weight and volume can be achieved for a given circuit board design. In addition, embedded structures allow for improved electrical performance and enhanced function integration within traditional circuit board substrates. Laser-based direct-write (LDW) techniques offer an alternative for the fabrication of such embedded structures at a fraction of the cost and in less time that it would take to develop system-on-chip designs such as ASIC's. Laser micromachining has been used in the past to machine vias and trenches on circuit board substrates with great precision, while laser forward transfer has been used to deposit patterns and multilayers of various electronic materials. At NRL, we have been exploring the use of these LDW techniques to both machine and deposit the various materials required to embed and connect individual components inside a given surface. This paper describes the materials and processes being developed for the fabrication of embedded microelectronic circuit structures using direct-write techniques alongside with an example of a totally embedded circuit demonstrated to date. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5687-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5713 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1117/12.596454 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCI19 UT WOS:000229435400025 ER PT S AU Wasko, J Cray, B Levine, E Kelly, J AF Wasko, J Cray, B Levine, E Kelly, J BE DeWeert, MJ Saito, TT TI A shallow-water observatory for the development of emerging acoustic and light-based underwater security technologies SO Photonics for Port and Harbor Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Port and Harbor Security CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE acoustic observatory; vector sensor; port security AB Port protection can be enhanced with the establishment of a dedicated shallow-water testbed to evaluate new acoustic and light-based technologies. Efforts are underway at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center to create the Gould Island Acoustic Observatory in Narragansett Bay, capable of validating emerging security technologies. The immediate goal is to obtain long-duration, continuous, real-time monitoring of detection performance against various threats (surface craft, AUVs, divers) in a relatively harsh, shallow water environment. Time-variant observables from various technologies will be obtained, typically as wideband time series data, with synopticity of ambient oceanographic data (wind and waves, sound speed, internal waves, tidal mixing, turbulence, optics). This data will be made available, via secure intranet connections, to government, industry, and university researchers. The long term goal is to validate new technologies and appropriate signal processing algorithms, using data collected from a well-characterized shallow water environment. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Adv Acoust Syst Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Wasko, J (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Adv Acoust Syst Div, Code 821,1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5765-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5780 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.603757 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCN85 UT WOS:000230339000002 ER PT S AU Kusterbeck, AW Deschamps, JR Charles, PT AF Kusterbeck, AW Deschamps, JR Charles, PT BE DeWeert, MJ Saito, TT TI Biosensor for underwater chemical sensing SO Photonics for Port and Harbor Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Port and Harbor Security CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE biosensor; explosives detection; unexploded ordnance (UXO); plume mapping ID IMMUNOSENSOR; EXPLOSIVES; PLUME; FLOW AB Emerging biosensor approaches may prove useful in reducing false positives and improving detection probabilities for unexploded ordnance (UXO) and underwater explosives. NRL researchers previously developed a biosensor that was field-tested and validated for use in environmental remediation to detect explosives in groundwater. The sensor relies on the selective recognition by antibodies of target analytes, including the common explosives TNT and RDX. Laboratory work has demonstrated that sensors based on these displacement immunoassay formats can detect explosives at the part-per-trillion level in seawater. More recently, participating in an Office of Naval Research program on Chemical Sensing in the Marine Environment (CSME), tests were conducted in controlled underwater experiments at San Clemente, CA and Duck, NC. Simulated UXO targets, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) and multiple sensor approaches were used to demonstrate the feasibility of underwater chemical sensing. Efforts are now underway to integrate the biosensor into an underwater platform as pail of a broader sensor system. We will describe results of these studies and outline possible operational scenarios for applications in harbor security. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kusterbeck, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5765-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5780 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.603913 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCN85 UT WOS:000230339000005 ER PT S AU Weidemann, A Fournier, GR Forand, L Mathieu, P AF Weidemann, A Fournier, GR Forand, L Mathieu, P BE DeWeert, MJ Saito, TT TI In harbor underwater threat detection/identification using active imaging SO Photonics for Port and Harbor Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Port and Harbor Security CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE active underwater imaging; underwater detection; underwater identification; range gating AB We present results from trials of the LUCIE 2 (Laser Underwater Camera Image Enhancer) conducted in Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia, Canada and Esquimalt Harbor, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. LUCIE 2 is a new compact laser range gated camera (10 inches in diameter, 24 inches in length, and neutrally buoyant in water) originally designed to improve search and recovery operations under eye safe restrictions. The flexibility and eye safety of this second generation LUCIE makes it a tool for improved hull searches and force protection operations when divers are in the water attempting to identify bottom lying objects. The camera is equipped with a full image geo-positioning system. To cover various environmental and targets size conditions, the gate-delay, gate width, polarization and viewing and illuminating angles can be varied as well. We present an analysis on the performance of the system in various water conditions using several target types and a comparison with diver and camera identification. Coincident in-situ optical properties of absorption and scattering were taken to help resolve the environmental information contained in the LUCIE image. Several new capabilities are currently being designed and tested., among them a differential polarization imaging system, a stabilized line of sight system with step-stare capability for high resolution mosaic area coverage, a precision dimensioning system and a diver guided and operated version. C1 USN, Res Lab, Steenis Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Weidemann, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Steenis Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5765-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5780 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.603601 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCN85 UT WOS:000230339000007 ER PT S AU Blackmon, F Antonelli, L Kalinowski, A AF Blackmon, F Antonelli, L Kalinowski, A BE DeWeert, MJ Saito, TT TI A remote optical system for port and harbor defense SO Photonics for Port and Harbor Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonics for Port and Harbor Security CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE opto-acoustics; acousto-optics; sonar AB A remote, aerial, laser-based sonar method for detecting and locating underwater targets from the air is discussed. The aerial sonar system combines two independent laser technologies. First, a high power laser is used to remotely generate underwater sound from the air by converting the optical energy into an acoustic pressure wave at the water surface. Second, a low power laser monitors water surface vibrations to detect and localize underwater sound. The aerial (opto-acoustic) generation and (acousto-optic) detection of underwater sound provides a non-contact means for active and passive sonar that does not currently exist. The laser systems could be mounted on an in-air or an above surface platform to search an area to provide intelligence information about the presence and location of underwater objects. Such data could be used for targeting for air-dropped munitions, port defense by monitoring friendly waters, or for area clearance for fleet operations in foreign ports. This transformational capability offers a covert, rapidly deployable, highly distributed, sensor field along the water surface. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5765-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5780 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.606822 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCN85 UT WOS:000230339000012 ER PT J AU Tan, JN Silver, E Pomeroy, J Laming, JM Gillaspy, J AF Tan, JN Silver, E Pomeroy, J Laming, JM Gillaspy, J TI An electron beam ion trap (EBIT) plus a microcalorimeter: A good combination for laboratory astrophysics SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas CY AUG 08-12, 2004 CL Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI HO Univ Wisconsin ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; X-RAY ASTRONOMY; FE-XVII; SPECTRA; HYDROGENLIKE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITY; CAPELLA; PHYSICS AB An EBIT can selectively create, in principle, any charge state of every naturally occurring element, has good control on atomic collision processes, and can produce nearly ideal conditions for the analysis of highly ionized plasmas of astrophysical importance. A microcalorimeter enables the broadband detection of X- ray emission with high energy resolution and near- unity quantum efficiency in the energy range wherein many cosmic X- ray sources emit the bulk of their energy ( 0.2 keV - 10 keV). The combination ( EBIT+ microcalorimeter) provides a powerful tool for laboratory studies of the atomic/ plasma processes underlying the energy release mechanisms in cosmic X- ray sources. We briefly describe some early experiments with a microcalorimeter built by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ( SAO) and deployed on the NIST EBIT. We also present some very recent observations with a more advanced microcalorimeter built by SAO that can obtain an energy resolution of 4.5eV. The higher spectral quality produced by the new system will be useful in laboratory measurements of interest in X- ray astronomy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tan, JN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T119 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2005/T119/005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034DR UT WOS:000236906900006 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Gallagher, K AF Ravel, B. Gallagher, K. TI Atomic structure and the magnetic properties of Zr-doped Sm2Co17 SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Permanent magnets based on Sm2Co17 are of significant technological interest due to their high coercivities and elevated Curie temperatures. In this paper we examine the local environment of Zr-doped Sm2Co17. The presence of Zr in Sm2Co17-based magnets causes the formation of hexagonal Sm2Co17 lamellae in the microstructure in the commercial materials. These lamellae serve as diffusion paths, enabling the development of good magnetic properties. While it is presumed that the Zr enters the lattice into either the Sm or Co dumbbell sites, there is, to date, no direct evidence of this assumption. In this paper, we present evidence of how the Zr does substitutes into the Sm2Co17 lattice. We discuss the implication of this result on the magnetic properties and grain structure of the Zr-doped material. C1 [Ravel, B.; Gallagher, K.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 606 EP 608 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100182 ER PT J AU Calvin, S Riedel, CJ Carpenter, EE Morrison, SA Stroud, RM Harris, VG AF Calvin, S. Riedel, C. J. Carpenter, E. E. Morrison, S. A. Stroud, R. M. Harris, V. G. TI Estimating crystallite size in polydispersed samples using EXAFS SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB It has long been understood that EXAFS is sensitive to crystallite size, since the average coordination number for a given scattering path is suppressed by a factor that depends upon the distance between the absorbing and scattering atoms. Careful analyses by other researchers have demonstrated the feasibility of determining crystallite size and even morphology in this way, but have in general been limited to well-characterized monodispersed samples. Here, we compare various techniques for estimating mean particle size in a polydispersed sample, using both EXAFS and conventional techniques. It is found that for polydispersed samples with an unknown size distribution, an analysis utilizing a simple spherical model performs nearly as well as more sophisticated models using realistic morphologies. Using simulations as well as experimental data, we demonstrate that EXAFS selects a "mean" size considerably smaller than that found by Scherrer analysis of XRD data; the two in combination can thus be used to give a crude estimate of polydispersion even in samples in which the form of the size distribution is unknown. Finally, we show that the sensitivity of EXAFS to the smallest crystallites present in the sample make it a useful adjunct to TEM in some cases. C1 [Calvin, S.; Riedel, C. J.; Carpenter, E. E.; Morrison, S. A.; Stroud, R. M.; Harris, V. G.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvin, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6344, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM SCalvin@mailaps.org RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; Riedel, C. Jess/0000-0002-0151-9926 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 744 EP 748 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100224 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Newville, M AF Ravel, B. Newville, M. TI ATHENA and ARTEMIS: Interactive graphical data analysis using IFEFFIT SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB We introduce a new software package for analysis of XAS data. This package is based on the IFEFFIT library of analytical and numerical algorithms and uses the perl/Tk graphics toolkit. The two main components are ATHENA, a program for XAS data processing, and artemis, a program for EXAFS data analysis using theoretical standards from FEFF. These programs provide high quality analytical capabilities in a manner that is accessible to novices yet powerful enough to meet the demands of an expert. The programs run on all major platforms and are freely available under the terms of a free software license. C1 [Ravel, B.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Newville, M.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 4 U2 33 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 1007 EP 1010 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100305 ER PT S AU Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Zhou, L Smith, DJ AF Storm, DF Katzer, DS Binari, SC Shanabrook, BV Zhou, L Smith, DJ BE Stutzmann, M TI Correlation of electronic and structural properties of MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN heterostructures to Al/N flux ratio during nucleation layer growth SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DISLOCATION SCATTERING; GALLIUM NITRIDE; BUFFER; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTION; INTERFACE; GAS AB We have demonstrated that carrier mobility and buffer leakage in MBE-grown AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures grown on SiC depend sensitively on the Al/N flux ratio during the growth of the AlN nucleation layer (NL). In particular, as the Al/N flux ratio increases from slightly below to slightly above unity, the Hall mobility increases from 1050 cm(2)/V.s to 1450 cm(2)/V-s and the buffer leakage increases by three orders of magnitude. Observations by transmission electron microscopy indicate that in structures in which the AlN nucleation layer growth was Al-ricb the AlN and GaN layers contain stacking faults, the interface between them is tough, and the near-interface region of the nominally wurtzite-GaN buffer contains regions of cubic material. By contrast, structures in which the AlN NL was grown Al-lean show sharp interfaces between the AlN and GaN layers, and neither stacking faults nor cubic material were observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Storm, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2212 EP 2215 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461432 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400045 ER PT S AU Yesinowski, JP AF Yesinowski, JP BE Stutzmann, M TI Ga-69,Ga-71 and N-14 high-field NMR of gallium nitride films SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA AB Gallium nitride thick films produced by HVPE having varying levels of defects have been characterized by Ga-61,Ga-71 and N-14 NMR at high field (11.7 T). The highest quality film yields the sharpest NMR peaks, from which highly accurate NMR parameters, viz. nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCC), isotropic chemical shifts and chemical shift anisotropies, could be derived from studies as a function of film orientation. Poorer quality films (larger X-ray rocking curve widths) exhibit markedly broader Ga-71 satellite transition peaks with a longer T-2 relaxation time, and additional high-frequency shoulders or peaks for the central transitions. The linewidths of the N-14 doublet are also broader in the poorer quality films. The Ga-71 spectra of films containing high oxygen levels show a new high-frequency central-transition peak with a very short T-1. The high-frequency peaks in all cases may be due to Knight shifts arising from conduction electrons. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yesinowski, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2399 EP 2402 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461334 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400089 ER PT S AU Purdy, AP Yesinowski, JP Hanbicki, AT AF Purdy, AP Yesinowski, JP Hanbicki, AT BE Stutzmann, M TI Synthesis, solid-state NMR, and magnetic characterization of h-GaN containing magnetic ions SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID NA FLUX; SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM AB GaN crystals doped with Mn ions were synthesized by the alkali metal flux method. Mixtures of metals were premelted to form an alloy and the alloy was mixed with Na/K and heated to similar to 800 degrees C under similar to 1400 Psi N-2 in an alumina crucible. Up to 2 mol% Mn could be incorporated into the h-GaN lattice, and the products were characterized by solid state NMR, magnetometry, Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The solid state MAS NMR spectra (Ga-71, Ga-69, N-14) of the most heavily doped material, which is a normal paramagnet, have broad peaks that are shifted appreciably to higher frequency from the hexagonal GaN chemical shift position, probably due to Knight shifts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2437 EP 2440 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461495 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400098 ER PT J AU Steele, HM Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM AF Steele, HM Lumpe, JD Bevilacqua, RM TI The climatology of the polar aerosol from the POAM instruments SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE aerosols; stratospheric aerosols; aerosol climatology; POAM ID STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SAGE-II; PINATUBO AEROSOL; SURFACE-AREA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CLAES MEASUREMENTS; CLOUD FORMATION; SAM-II; VOLUME; OZONE AB We present a climatology of the high-latitude stratospheric aerosol derived from the multiwavelength extinction data of the POAM (Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement) II and III instruments from 1993 to 2003. Stratospheric aerosols north of 54 degrees N and south of 63 degrees S were continually monitored by POAM II between September 1993 and November 1996. These data clearly show the decay of the volcanic aerosol from the Pinatubo eruption which was still evident when the spacecraft ceased operation at the end of 1996. POAM III was launched into a similar orbit in March 1998 and has monitored the seasonal variation in the aerosol layer since its recovery to background levels. Extinction data from these two instruments at six wavelengths from the ultraviolet to near-infrared are combined through principal component analysis to yield total aerosol surface-area and volume densities. The temporal and spatial evolution of these physical parameters, which can be employed in chemistry and climate models, are presented and analyzed. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Geog, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steele, HM (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Geog, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.26.1.1 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 951YJ UT WOS:000230968000001 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS AF Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS TI Pseudorandom operators of the circular ensembles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC VECTORS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; BORDERED MATRICES; QUANTUM; SYSTEMS AB We demonstrate quantum algorithms to implement pseudorandom operators that closely reproduce statistical properties of random matrices from the three universal classes: unitary, symmetric, and symplectic. Modified versions of the algorithms are introduced for the less experimentally challenging quantum cellular automata. For implementing pseudorandom symplectic operators we provide gate sequences for the unitary part of the time-reversal operator. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weinstei@dave.nrl.navy.mil; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 014303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.014303 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 901LF UT WOS:000227283300152 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Scaling of the supercooled dynamics and its relation to the pressure dependences of the dynamic crossover and the fragility of glass formers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID TRANSITION; LOCAL SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SHEAR VISCOSITY; EXISTENCE; THERMODYNAMICS; DIMETHYLETHER; LANDSCAPES AB Master curves of the relaxation time, tau, or viscosity, eta, versus T-1V-gamma, where T is temperature, V the specific volume, and gamma a material constant, are used to deduce the effect of pressure on the dynamic crossover and the fragility. The crossover is determined from the change in slope of derivative plots of the relaxation times or viscosities. We confirm our previous findings that the value of tau or eta at the crossover is independent of both T and P; that is, the dynamic crossover is associated with a characteristic value of the relaxation time. Previous determinations were limited to liquids having crossovers occurring at large values of tau (>10(-6) s), whereas by interpolating within T-1V-gamma space, we extend the analysis to smaller values of the crossover time. Using the superpositioned data, the dynamic crossover can be observed in isochoric data, where it is found that the relaxation time at the crossover for constant volume is equivalent to the value obtained under (the more usual) condition of constant pressure. Similarly, from the scaling analysis, isobaric relaxation times at high pressure are deduced from experimental measurements at atmospheric pressure. We find for all glass-formers studied that the fragility (normalized temperature dependence of tau or eta) is a decreasing function of pressure. This conclusion is less subject to uncertainties in the measurements than published determinations of the pressure coefficient of fragility. Finally, we show that an empirical function, having the form of the Cohen-Grest relation but without connection to any free volume model, parameterizes the master curves, and accurately describes the data over all measured conditions. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 52 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 014210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.014210 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 893QU UT WOS:000226735100072 ER PT J AU Silveira, E Freitas, JA Glembocki, OJ Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ AF Silveira, E Freitas, JA Glembocki, OJ Slack, GA Schowalter, LJ TI Excitonic structure of bulk AlN from optical reflectivity and cathodoluminescence measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-EDGE CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; LAYERS; FILMS; GAN; TRANSITIONS; EPILAYERS; CRYSTALS AB Reflection measurements in the near-band-edge region of bulk AlN crystals have been performed as a function of temperature. The optical reflectance spectra of an a-face AlN sample show a feature at about 6.029 eV, which we assign to the free exciton A. The observation of the free exciton A first excited state yields the estimated values of the direct band gap and the limit of the electron effective mass. Optical reflectance measurements performed on AlN samples with two different crystallographic orientations allow the observation of transitions associated with the optical selection rules related to the so-called A,B, and C excitons. It was not possible to fully resolve the B- and C-excitonic transitions, which were observed at about 6.243 and 6.268 eV, respectively. Using the measured exciton energies and a quasicubic model developed for the wurzite crystal structure we estimate the spin-orbit splitting delta=36 meV and the crystal-field splitting Delta=-225 meV. C1 USN, Res Lab, ETSD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Crystal IS Inc, Latham, NY 12110 USA. UFPR, Dept Fis, BR-19044 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. RP Silveira, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ETSD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 041201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.041201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 893RF UT WOS:000226736200003 ER PT J AU Drozd-Rzoska, A Rzoska, SJ Paluch, M Pawlus, S Ziolo, J Santangelo, PG Roland, CM Czuprynski, K Dabrowski, R AF Drozd-Rzoska, A Rzoska, SJ Paluch, M Pawlus, S Ziolo, J Santangelo, PG Roland, CM Czuprynski, K Dabrowski, R TI Mode coupling behavior in glass-forming liquid crystalline isopentylcyanobiphenyl SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL CONSOLUTE POINT; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ISOTROPIC-PHASE; HARD ELLIPSOIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; VISCOSITY AB Linear and nonlinear dielectric measurements of liquid crystalline chiral isopentylcyanobiphenyl (5*CB) and n-pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB), combined with viscosity eta(T) data, are presented. The 5*CB compound glassifies on cooling in the cholesteric phase whereas 5CB crystallizes in the nematic phase. In both compounds the temperature evolution of dielectric relaxation times, the dc conductivity, and the viscosity are well described by the "critical-like" description from mode coupling theory (MCT). However, for 5*CB a unique coincidence of the MCT "critical" temperature and extrapolated temperature of the hypothetical continuous isotropic-cholesteric (T*) phase transition was found. The temperature dependence of the strong electric-field-induced changes of the dielectric permittivity exhibits a strong anomaly in the direction of negative values on approaching T*, not observed up to now. The anomaly is described by the susceptibility-related critical exponent gamma = 1. The divergence of the "nonlinear" dielectric relaxation follows a power dependence described by the exponent gamma = 1. This paper recalls the recent discussions on the glassy dynamics of a "hard-ellipsoid" liquid and the possible relationship between the glass transition, critical phenomena, and isotropic-nematic transition. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mil Univ Technol, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland. RP Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 011508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.011508 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 903XP UT WOS:000227459200041 PM 15697609 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS AF Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS TI Quantum fidelity decay in quasi-integrable systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION ECHOES; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; ATTENUATION; EMERGENCE; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; MOTION; NMR AB We show, via numerical simulations, that the fidelity decay behavior of quasi-integrable systems is strongly dependent on the location of the initial coherent state with respect to the underlying classical phase space. In parallel to classical fidelity, the quantum fidelity generally exhibits Gaussian decay when the perturbation affects the frequency of periodic phase space orbits and power-law decay. when the perturbation changes the shape of the orbits. For both behaviors the decay rate also depends on initial state location. The spectrum of the initial states in the eigenbasis of the system reflects the different fidelity decay behaviors. In addition, states with initial Gaussian decay exhibit a stage of exponential decay for strong perturbations. This elicits a surprising phenomenon: a strong perturbation can induce a higher fidelity than a weak perturbation of the same type. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weinstei@dave.nrl.navy.mil; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 41 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 AR 016209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.016209 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 903XR UT WOS:000227459400062 PM 15697700 ER PT S AU Tylka, AJ AF Tylka, AJ BE Li, G Zank, GP Russell, CT TI The role of quasi-perpendicular shocks in solar energetic particle events SO Physics of Collisionless Shocks SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IGPP International Astrophysics Conference CY FEB 26-MAR 03, 2005 CL Palm Springs, CA SP IGPP, Univ Calif, Riverside, IGPP, Univ Calif, Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE solar energetic particles; shocks; coronal mass ejections; solar flares ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; DRIVEN SHOCKS; HIGH-ENERGIES; ACCELERATION; HEAVY; ABUNDANCES; IONS; HE-3; FLARES; POPULATIONS AB Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are an important venue for testing and refining our understanding of acceleration processes that are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas. Large SEP events occur at a rate of about 10 per year during solar maximum. The dominant accelerators in these events are believed to be shocks driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A particular challenge has been the dramatic event-to-event variability in composition and spectral characteristics at energies above a few tens of MeV per nucleon. I discuss recent efforts to understand this variability in terms of the interplay of two factors: seed populations, typically comprising at least suprathermals from flares and suprathermals from the corona or solar wind; and shock geometry, which generally begins as quasiperpendicular near the Sun but evolves toward quasi-parallel as the shock moves outward. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0268-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 781 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDG24 UT WOS:000233337400028 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Kepple, PC Davis, J Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Peterson, DL AF Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Kepple, PC Davis, J Sanford, TWL Nash, TJ Mock, RC Peterson, DL TI Diagnosing dynamic hohlraums with tracer absorption line spectroscopy SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SOURCE; ICF EXPERIMENTS; DENSE-PLASMAS; RADIATION; ALUMINUM; PHYSICS; DRIVEN; ARGON; POWER AB In recent dynamic hohlraum experiments on the Z facility, Al and MgF2 tracer layers were embedded in cylindrical CH2 foam targets to provide K-shell lines in the keV spectral region for diagnosing the conditions of the interior hohlraum plasma. The position of the tracers was varied: sometimes they were placed 2 mm from the ends of the foam cylinder and sometimes at the ends of the cylinder. Also varied was the composition of the tracers in the sense that pure Al layers, pure MgF2 layers, or mixtures of the elements were employed on various shots. Time-resolved K-shell spectra of both Al and Mg show mostly absorption lines. These data can be analyzed with detailed configuration atomic models of carbon, aluminum, and magnesium in which spectra are calculated by solving the radiation transport equation for as many as 4100 frequencies. We report results from shot Z1022 to illustrate the basic radiation physics and the capabilities as well as limitations of this diagnostic method. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 AR 012705 DI 10.1063/1.1834917 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 895LN UT WOS:000226864500045 ER PT J AU Huba, JD AF Huba, JD TI Hall magnetic reconnection: Guide field dependence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; CHALLENGE; SIMULATIONS; MHD; GENERATION; SIGNATURES; PRESSURE; CLUSTER AB Two-dimensional Hall magnetohydrodynamic simulations are used to study the dependence of a guide field on magnetic reconnection. The simulations are run until a steady state is achieved for B-gf/B-0 = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 where B-gf is the guide field and B-0 is the reversed field. It is found that the reconnection rate and plasma energization are reduced for increasing guide field strength. This is caused by a J x B force associated with Hall currents and the guide field that reduce the inflow and outflow velocities. However, the reconnection rate and plasma energization are only reduced by a factor of 2 for B-gf = 5B(0). Additionally, the quadrupole field associated with Hall reconnection is eliminated for B-gf similar or equal to B-0/3. Applications to magnetospheric plasmas are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 AR 012322 DI 10.1063/1.1834592 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 895LN UT WOS:000226864500031 ER PT J AU Ting, A Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P AF Ting, A Kaganovich, D Gordon, DF Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P TI Generation and measurements of high energy injection electrons from the high density laser ionization and ponderomotive acceleration SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; PULSES; BEAMS; FIELD AB The high density regime of the laser ionization and ponderomotive acceleration (HD-LIPA) injector provides high injection bunch charge by employing a high density gas jet. Measurements and simulations confirmed that space charge effects lead to a distribution of high energy LIPA electrons in the directly forward directions in violation of the LIPA angle-energy relationship. These electrons also have much higher energies than predicted, indicating that further acceleration by mechanisms such as the self-modulated laser Wakefield acceleration may be present in the HD-LIPA environment. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ting, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ting@ccs.nri.navy.mil OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 AR 010701 DI 10.1063/1.1819937 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 895LN UT WOS:000226864500001 ER PT S AU Gaskill, DK Glembocki, OJ Gotthold, DW Guo, SP Albert, BE Vcrtiatchikh, AV Eastman, LF AF Gaskill, DK Glembocki, OJ Gotthold, DW Guo, SP Albert, BE Vcrtiatchikh, AV Eastman, LF BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Measurement of electric fields in GaN/AlGaN FETs using photoreflectance with different excitation energies SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys ID ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; ELECTROREFLECTANCE AB Electric fields in the GaN underlying the 2DEG of three GaN/AlGaN field effect transistor (FET) structures measured by photoreflectance (PR) using sub-gap excitation were found to be about 210-260kVcm(-1), indicating the presence of traps. The sample having the lowest electric field was taken from a wafer which yielded 0.3 mu m gate length devices having the highest power gain performance metrics; the sample with the highest electric field corresponded to devices having the lowest power gain metric. A self-consistent Poisson calculation determined the density of traps to be ca. 10(17) cm(3). This density of traps is similar to other trap density measurements in FET's. These results suggest that PR could be used as a non-destructive probe of trap density in the underlying GaN. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gaskill, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gotthold, David/D-1086-2011 OI Gotthold, David/0000-0002-3990-6614 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 419 EP 420 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900178 ER PT S AU Badescu, SC Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL AF Badescu, SC Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Anisotropic exchange interaction in coupled semiconductor quantum dots SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys AB We obtain a microscopic description of the interaction between spins in semiconductors and in semiconductor quantum dots (QD's). It is based on a two-particle Kane Hamiltonian including Coulomb interactions treated by (k) over right arrow-(p) over right arrow expansion. This gives a third order term that has the form of an interaction between the spin of each electron and the orbital motion of the other. This interaction does not require inversion or Rashba asymmetries. It is proportional to the square of the band coupling and can be large for III-V compounds. We present detailed evaluations for spins in several QD's. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Badescu, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 763 EP 764 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900344 ER PT S AU Haegel, NM Hoang, VD Freeman, W AF Haegel, NM Hoang, VD Freeman, W BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Imaging transport: Monitoring the motion of charge through the detection of light SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys AB We present a technique that allows for direct monitoring of charge transport in semiconductors and other luminescent materials via the spatial imaging of recombination luminescence. Drift behavior has been imaged in high purity epitaxial GaAs. We demonstrate the role of sample geometry in the measurement of luminescent spot size, with the goal of developing a contact-free method to determine local diffusion lengths. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Haegel, NM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 1273 EP 1274 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900590 ER PT S AU Lyanda-Geller, YB Bacher, G Reinecke, TL Welsch, MK Forchel, AJ Becker, CR Molenkamp, L AF Lyanda-Geller, YB Bacher, G Reinecke, TL Welsch, MK Forchel, AJ Becker, CR Molenkamp, L BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Strongly tunable coupling between quantum dots SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys AB The incorporation of Mn ions in one of the quantum dots (QD) results in markedly different spin splittings for states of single QD molecules fabricated from coupled quantum well structures of (Cd,Mn,Mg)Te alloy materials. By comparing the observed magnetic field dependence of the photoluminescence polarization with detailed calculations, we show that the coupling between the dots is coherent and is tunable with magnetic field. We show that spin splittings and g-factors of these coupled dots can be manipulated by orders of magnitude. We also develop an approach for the fast control of spin splittings in a QD with an electric field in these structures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 1427 EP 1428 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900664 ER PT S AU Ramon, G Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL Sham, LJ AF Ramon, G Lyanda-Geller, Y Reinecke, TL Sham, LJ BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Indirect spin coupling between quantum dots SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys AB An indirect exchange interaction between spins in two quantum dots is investigated theoretically. The coupling is mediated by virtual delocalized excitons driven by an off-resonance laser. We present a formulation of the exchange interaction between the localized and itinerant electrons that includes the effects of hybridization of continuum and dot states and the double occupancy in the dot. These are shown to produce a contribution comparable to conventional exchange. Among the studied geometries, the largest couplings are found for vertically stacked dots in a quasi one-dimensional host. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramon, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 1431 EP 1432 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900666 ER PT S AU Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Canedy, CL Kim, M Meyer, JR AF Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Kim, CS Vurgaftman, I Canedy, CL Kim, M Meyer, JR BE Menendez, J VanDeWalle, CG TI Big light: Optical coherence over very large areas in photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO Physics of Semiconductors, Pts A and B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-27) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Flagstaff, AZ SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, AF Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res Dev, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys AB Recent progress in the development of edge-emitting and surface-emitting photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers is reviewed. For an edge-emitting device with a mid-IR "W" active region, the beam quality is no worse than 8 times the diffraction limit for stripes as wide as 600 mu m. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0257-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 772 BP 1525 EP 1526 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BCQ42 UT WOS:000230723900709 ER PT S AU Vogt, PR Jung, WY AF Vogt, Peter R. Jung, Woo-Yeol BA Anderson, DL BF Anderson, DL BE Foulger, GR Natland, JH Presnall, DC TI Paired basement ridges: Spreading axis migration across mantle heterogeneities? SO PLATES, PLUMES AND PARADIGMS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE hotspots; mantle heterogeneities; mantle plumes; seafloor spreading; plate tectonics; Mid-Oceanic Ridge; Mid-Atlantic Ridge ID MID-ATLANTIC-RIDGE; RIO-GRANDE RISE; AZORES HOT-SPOT; REYKJANES-RIDGE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; FRACTURE-ZONES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MULTIBEAM BATHYMETRY; MAGMATIC ACCRETION; PLUME INTERACTION AB The origin of off-Mid-Oceanic-Ridge (MOR)-axis paired ( conjugate) basement ridges and other conjugate structures is examined, with a focus on the North Atlantic. Paired-ridge morphologies are found at volcanic edifice scales ( influencing similar to 25- to 75-km spreading boundary) and at 200- to 1000-km scales ( where structures may be V-shaped, suggesting propagation along the axis at rates from a few to 200 mm/yr). Both scales modulate the longest-scale along-axis MOR topographic anomalies (similar to 3100 km for the Azores and similar to 3800 km for Iceland). At the short scale, MOR axial magma centers with off-axis "split-volcano" pairs suggest magmatic episodicity at 0.1- to 1-m.y. intervals, erratic along-strike displacements (1-10 km) between episodes, and no fixity in a hotspot frame. However, along-strike axis motion ( calculated from the Gripp and Gordon, 2002, model) seems to inhibit formation of organized, long-lived axial volcanoes. Intermediate-scale ridge pairs have been attributed to "blobs" and temporal variability of mantle plumes, but some may have formed by passive tapping of anomalous mantle patches as the MOR migrates across them. A great variety of such passive "conjugate ridges" is geometrically possible as a function of MOR velocity over the mantle, the spreading rate and its asymmetry, the plan-view shape of the MOR axis ( with transforms, normal, and oblique spreading), and the mantle source, whose shape (outline) could be constrained if the model is shown correct. Among observed ridge pairs ( e. g., Morris Jesup Rise/Yermak Plateau; Reykjanes Ridge V-shaped ridges; East and West Thulean Rise; Flores and Faial Ridges; J-Anomaly and Madeira ridges; Ceara and Sierra Leone ridges), some have sharp older and/or younger edges, implying that the anomalous mantle sources, whether fixed or not, also have sharp boundaries, some of which are diachronous, implying along-strike propagation. The short and long scales appear nearly symmetrical along-strike, but the intermediate scales, including geochemical and isotope anomalies in axial basalts, suggest preferential southward propagation, perhaps reflecting the southward asthenosphere motion predicted by counterflow models. Discrimination between the "passive heterogeneity" and "active plume" concepts is discussed. C1 [Vogt, Peter R.; Jung, Woo-Yeol] USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vogt, PR (reprint author), USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ptr_vogt@yahoo.com NR 95 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2388-4 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2005 VL 388 DI 10.1130/2005.2388(33) PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BLX99 UT WOS:000271372500034 ER PT S AU Mahapatra, R Davis, AW AF Mahapatra, R Davis, AW BE Zhong, ZY Saka, H Kim, TH Holm, EA Han, YF Xie, XS TI Oxidation behavior of Rh-xTi refractory alloys SO PRICM 5: THE FIFTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Korea Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE refractory alloys; isothermal oxidation; weight gain measurements; optical microscopy; SEM; X-ray diffraction; EDS analysis ID SUPERALLOYS AB In this paper we report the oxidation behavior of Rh-xTi (x = 15 I 20 atomic percent) alloys isothermally exposed in air between 1000 and 1300 degrees C up to a period of 312 hours. The weight gain of arc-melted Rh-15Ti and Rh-20Ti alloys as a function of time was monitored. Results indicate that the oxidation resistance of Rh-15Ti and Rh-20Ti alloys at 1000 and 1100 degrees C is similar to that of advanced nickel-base superalloys. However, these alloys show excellent oxidation resistance beyond the operational limit for nickel-base superalloys. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to study the microstructure and morphology of the oxides. These alloys oxidize by forming TiO2 and Rh2O3 complex oxides. The Rh-20Ti alloys displayed lower oxidation resistance than Rh-15Ti alloys. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Mahapatra, R (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. EM rabindra.mahapatra@mavy.mil; andrew.davis@navy.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-960-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 475-479 BP 721 EP 724 PN 1-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBR99 UT WOS:000227494709165 ER PT S AU Zeng, Q Bayazitoglu, Y Zhu, J Wilson, K Imam, MA Barrera, EV AF Zeng, Q Bayazitoglu, Y Zhu, J Wilson, K Imam, MA Barrera, EV BE Zhong, ZY Saka, H Kim, TH Holm, EA Han, YF Xie, XS TI Coating of SWNTs with nickel by electroless plating method SO PRICM 5: THE FIFTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Korea Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE single-walled carbon nanotubes; fluorination; electroless plating; nickel ID CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES; TUBES AB This study considers a method for producing SWNTs reinforced lightweight metal-matrix composites. In this research, fluorination has been applied to achieve considerable improvement in the dispersion of purified single-walled carbon nanotubes. It has been demonstrated that surface fluorination is a possible approach to entrap catalytic nucleation centers along the walls of SWNTs. The results show that nickel could be successfully plated onto the activated surfaces of fluorinated SWNTs (F-SWNTs) through electroless plating which is an effective way for producing nanotube/metal systems. It was observed that high surface coverage of Pd-Sn catalytic nuclei is needed to form high quality coatings. A two-step approach was used and the coating mechanism is described in this paper. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zeng, Q (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM qzeng@rice.edu; bayaz@rice.edu; jianpzhu@rice.edu; kwilson@rice.edu; imam@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; ebarrera@rice.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-960-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 475-479 BP 1013 EP 1018 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBR99 UT WOS:000227494701036 ER PT S AU Zhu, J Khabashesku, V Imam, A Crane, R Lozano, K Barrera, E AF Zhu, J Khabashesku, V Imam, A Crane, R Lozano, K Barrera, E BE Zhong, ZY Saka, H Kim, TH Holm, EA Han, YF Xie, XS TI Processing and properties of polymer composites reinforced by functionalized SWNTs SO PRICM 5: THE FIFTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Korea Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE composites; nanotubes; functionalization ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; STRENGTH AB Carbon nanotube is seen to be an excellent reinforcement candidate to produce multifunctional composites with improved mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Strong interfacial bonding and homogenous dispersion are necessary conditions to obtain effective load transfer for mechanical enhancement. This paper addresses the processing of polymer composites reinforced by functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes. FTIR, SEM/EDX and DMA analysis are presented. The results demonstrated that the chemical functionalization of nanotubes helps to improve both dispersion and interaction in polymer matrix. Mechanical property improvement for the epoxy polymer composites has been shown with a small amount of carbon nanotube addition. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Texas Pan American, Dept Mech Engn, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Zhu, J (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM jiangzhu@rice.edu; khval@rice.edu; imam@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; cranerm@nsweed.navy.mil; lozanok@panam.edu; ebarrera@rice.edu NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-960-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 475-479 BP 1059 EP 1062 PN 1-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBR99 UT WOS:000227494701046 ER PT S AU Lewis, D Bruce, RW Fliflet, AW Imam, MA Kurihara, LK Bruce, RL AF Lewis, D Bruce, RW Fliflet, AW Imam, MA Kurihara, LK Bruce, RL BE Zhong, ZY Saka, H Kim, TH Holm, EA Han, YF Xie, XS TI Microwave and millimeter-wave processing of materials SO PRICM 5: THE FIFTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Korea Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE microwave; millimeter-wave; material processing; ceramics; metals; nanophase; joining; coating; coating removal; rapid sintering AB We present results on microwave and millimeter-wave processing of materials. The research is primarily based on two systems- a 2.45 GHz, 6 kW S-band system and an 83 GHz, 15 kW gyrotron based quasi-optical system. These systems have been used for a wide range of material processing experiments. We describe the capabilities of these systems and discuss some of the results, including nanophase material production, rapid sintering, coating removal and joining of high temperature ceramics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lewis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Code 6000, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bruce, Robert/F-6548-2016 OI Bruce, Robert/0000-0002-5574-5603 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-960-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 475-479 BP 2739 EP 2744 PN 1-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBR99 UT WOS:000227494703052 ER PT S AU Fujita, K Fujita, T Oh-Ishi, K Kaneko, K Horita, Z Langdon, TG AF Fujita, K Fujita, T Oh-Ishi, K Kaneko, K Horita, Z Langdon, TG BE Zhong, ZY Saka, H Kim, TH Holm, EA Han, YF Xie, XS TI Microstructures after processing by aging and ECAP for Al-Mg2Si alloys containing excess Si or Mg SO PRICM 5: THE FIFTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 02-05, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Korea Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE Al-Mg-Si alloys; severe plastic deformation; equal-channel angular pressing; aging; precipitate particles; lattice images; X-ray mapping; diffractogram AB In this study, severe plastic straining through equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is imposed on age-hardenable Al-Mg-Si alloys having two different compositions of excess Si or Mg in the Al-Mg-2-Si pusedo-binary system. Thereafter, the alloys are subjected to aging and the microstructures are examined using transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the precipitation behavior is significantly changed through application of ECAP. C1 Kyushu Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Fujita, K (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM fujita_k@zaiko6.zaiko.kyushu-u.ac.jp; Takeshi.Fujita@asu.edu; masakei1@yahoo.co.jp; kaneko@zaiko.kyushu-u.ac.jp; horita@zaiko.kyushu-u.ac.jp; langdon@usc.edu RI Kaneko, Kenji/A-8620-2008; Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Fujita, Takeshi/B-1867-2009 OI Fujita, Takeshi/0000-0002-2318-0433 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-960-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 475-479 BP 4047 EP 4050 PN 1-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBR99 UT WOS:000227494704166 ER PT S AU Newman, RE Nalla, VR Moskowitz, IS AF Newman, RE Nalla, VR Moskowitz, IS BE Martin, D Serjantov, A TI Anonymity and covert channels in simple timed mix-firewalls SO PRIVACY ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Microsoft Corp, Informat & Privacy Commissioners Off, Univ Toronto, Ctr Innovat Law & Policy, Bell Univ Labs AB Traditional methods for evaluating the amount of anonymity afforded by various Mix configurations have depended on either measuring the size of the set of possible senders of a particular message (the anonymity set size), or by measuring the entropy associated with the probability distribution of the messages possible senders. This paper explores further an alternative way of assessing the anonymity of a Mix system by considering the capacity of a covert channel from a sender behind the Mix to an observer of the Mix's output. Initial work considered a simple model [4], with an observer (Eve) restricted to counting the number of messages leaving a Mix configured as a firewall guarding an enclave with one malicious sender (Alice) and some other naive senders (Clueless(i)'s). Here, we consider the case where Eve can distinguish between multiple destinations, and the senders can select to which destination their message (if any) is sent each clock tick. C1 Univ Florida, CISE Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, RE (reprint author), Univ Florida, CISE Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM nemo@cise.ufl.edu; vreddy@cise.ufl.edu; moskowitz@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26203-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3424 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCT28 UT WOS:000231114600001 ER PT B AU Carter, PH AF Carter, PH GP IEEE TI User profiling using text classification SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE SIXTH ANNUAL IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual IEEE Systems, Man and Cypernetics Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 15-17, 2005 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Natl Secur Agcy, US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Eng & Comp Sci DE user profiling; classiflcation; text classification; rocchio classifier; computer forensics AB Computer user behavior over time is abstracted into text documents. Using text classification methods users from a small group are well-distinguished from one another by their behaviors, even using relatively small amounts of data. This technique is particularly appropriate to forensics, but is widely applicable in information assurance. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM patricia.h.carter@navy.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9290-6 PY 2005 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1109/IAW.2005.1495963 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO94 UT WOS:000230457900038 ER PT B AU Clark, PC Irvine, CE Levin, TE Nguyen, TD Shifflett, DJ Miller, D AF Clark, PC Irvine, CE Levin, TE Nguyen, TD Shifflett, DJ Miller, D GP IEEE TI Initial documentation requirements for a high assurance system: Lessons learned SO PROCEEDINGS FROM THE SIXTH ANNUAL IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual IEEE Systems, Man and Cypernetics Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 15-17, 2005 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Natl Secur Agcy, US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Eng & Comp Sci C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd,Code CS-Cp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcclark@nps.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9290-6 PY 2005 BP 434 EP 435 DI 10.1109/IAW.2005.1495988 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO94 UT WOS:000230457900063 ER PT B AU Nguyen, TD Levin, TE Irvine, CE AF Nguyen, TD Levin, TE Irvine, CE GP IEEE TI MYSEA testbed SO Proceedings from the Sixth Annual IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Information Assurance Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual IEEE Systems, Man and Cypernetics Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 15-17, 2005 CL W Point, NY SP IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Natl Secur Agcy, US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Eng & Comp Sci C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd,Code CS-Nt, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9290-6 PY 2005 BP 438 EP 439 DI 10.1109/IAW.2005.1495990 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCO94 UT WOS:000230457900065 ER PT S AU Crane, S Peil, S Swanson, TB Ekstrom, CR AF Crane, S Peil, S Swanson, TB Ekstrom, CR BE Yuhas, MP TI Progress towards an operational rubidium fountain SO Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 23-27, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE atomic fountain; rubidium AB The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) has an ongoing program to develop atomic fountains for eventual incorporation into the USNO Master Clock. The fountains are being constructed to provide a stable frequency reference which will allow for rapid characterization of drift of masers in our clock ensemble. In support of this goal we are using rubidium to exploit the small cold-collision frequency shift. We report on the progress made in the construction and testing of our first rubidium device. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Crane, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-8413-X J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCB56 UT WOS:000228522000013 ER PT B AU Arnold, SP Prokes, SM Zaghloul, ME AF Arnold, SP Prokes, SM Zaghloul, ME BE ORegan, F Wegemer, C TI Localized growth and functionalization of silicon nanowires for MEMS sensor applications SO Proceedings of the 2005 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, Vol 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2005 CL Univ Coll Cork, Cork, IRELAND SP Univ Coll Cork, Dept Microelec Engn HO Univ Coll Cork ID LIQUID-SOLID MECHANISM; CARBON NANOTUBES; NETWORKS; DEVICES AB We present a mechanism for the growth of Silicon nanowires (SiNW) directly from a silicon substrate or polysilicon block, without the use of a metal catalyst, silicon vapor or CVD gasses. This allows for "in place" growth of nanostructures without further need for manipulation or alignment for subsequent applications. Wires in the 20-40 nm diameter range with lengths over 85 gm can be easily grown by this technique. The critical parameters in the growth of these nanowires are the surface treatment and the carrier gas used. The growth and functionalization of SiNW can enhance the sensitivity of sensor systems. Wire growth is stress driven and enhanced by surface Si atom diffusion due to the presence of hydrogen gas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9066-0 PY 2005 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDO18 UT WOS:000234541900099 ER PT B AU Doughty, S AF Doughty, Samuel GP ASME TI Considerations in the internal force analysis of slider-crank machines SO Proceedings of the 2005 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Technical Meeting of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combust Engine Div AB In the analysis of internal forces for a slider-crank machine, writing the equations of motion is just the beginning. There are many engineering analysis decisions to be made regarding the handling of the crank angular acceleration, modeling of the connecting rod mass moment of inertia, and the approach to the solution of the resulting system of equations. Over the years, each of these have been handled in various ways, not all of then entirely correct. This paper looks at the various options and makes a critical review of the various practices. The intent is to encourage all engineering analysts to review the assumptions and methods of the software that they routinely use. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Doughty, S (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code 985, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4736-5 PY 2005 BP 543 EP 546 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFN83 UT WOS:000243375300060 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM AF Sanchez, SM BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI Work smarter, not harder: Guidelines for designing simulation experiments SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB We present the basic concepts of experimental design, the types of goals it can address, and why it is such an important and useful tool for simulation. A well-designed experiment allows the analyst to examine many more factors than would otherwise be possible, while providing insights that could not be gleaned from trial-and-error approaches or by sampling factors one at a time. We focus on experiments that can cut down the sampling requirements of some classic designs by orders of magnitude, yet make it possible and practical to develop an understanding of a complex simulation model and gain insights into its behavior. Designs that we have found particularly useful for simulation experiments are illustrated using simple simulation models. and we provide links to other resources of those wishing to learn more. Ideally, this tutorial will leave you excited about experimental designs-and prepared to use them-in your upcoming simulation studies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sanchez, SM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 69 EP 82 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574241 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253400008 ER PT B AU Sanchez, SM Wan, H Lucas, TW AF Sanchez, SM Wan, H Lucas, TW BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI A two-phase screening procedure for simulation experiments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Analysts examining complex simulation models often conduct screening experiments to identify the most important factors. Controlled sequential bifurcation (CSB) is a screening, procedure, developed specifically for simulation experiments, that uses a sequence of hypothesis tests to classify the factors as either important or unimportant. CSB controls the probability of Type I error for each factor, and the power at each bifurcation step, under heterogeneous variance conditions. CSB does, however, require the user to correctly state the directions of the effects prior to running the experiments. Experience indicates that this can be problematic with complex simulations. We propose a hybrid two-phase approach, FF-CSB, to relax this requirement. Phase I uses an efficient fractional factorial experiment to estimate the signs and magnitudes of the effects. Phase 2 uses these results in controlled sequential bifurcation. We describe this procedure and provide an empirical evaluation of its performance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Operat Res Dept, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ssanchez@nps.edu; hwan@purdue.edu; twlucas@nps.edu NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574255 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253400022 ER PT B AU Gunes, E Szechtman, R AF Gunes, E Szechtman, R BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI A simulation model of a helicopter ambulance service SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID NONHOMOGENEOUS POISSON-PROCESS; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; BANDWIDTH SELECTION; DENSITY-ESTIMATION; TRENDS AB We study two different operational scenarios for a regional air ambulance service-company which has bases in northern California. Two of these bases serve the land areas encompassed roughly in a circular area of radius 100 miles centered in Gilroy and Salinas, respectively; with a large part of their coverage areas reachable from either base. The base in Salinas Currently operates one helicopter only from Thursday to Monday, whereas the base in Gilroy operates one helicopter 24/7. The company is considering extending the operation of one helicopter to 24/7 for its Salinas base. In this paper we analyze the operational impacts of that extension, and develop a framework that can be applied towards the study of the ambulance assignment problem faced by small operators. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574344 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401037 ER PT B AU Walton, DJ Paulo, EP McCarthy, CJ Vaidyanathan, R AF Walton, DJ Paulo, EP McCarthy, CJ Vaidyanathan, R BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI Modeling force response to small boat attack against high value commercial ships SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB This study examines ways to prevent the success of a small boat attack (SBA) against a larger high value commercial vessel, or high value unit (HVU), through the utilization of an agent-based simulation. The geographic area of concern is the Straits of Malacca. An essential element of the scenario is the limited time available to act against the attackers. Subsequently, the two alternatives considered are the deployment of patrol craft, as well as the placement of well-armed Sea Marshals on each high value ship. C1 USN, Dept Head Sch, Naval Stn Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Walton, DJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Head Sch, Naval Stn Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 988 EP 991 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574349 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401042 ER PT B AU Buss, AH Sanchez, PJ AF Buss, AH Sanchez, PJ BE Kuhl, ME Steiger, NM Armstrong, FB Joines, JA TI Simple movement and detection in discrete event simulation SO Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 05) CY DEC 04-07, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS SIM, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Many scenarios involving simulation require modeling movement and sensing. Traditionally, this has been done in a time-stepped manner, often because of a mistaken belief that using a pure discrete event approach is infeasible. This paper discusses how simple motion (linear, uniform, two-dimensional) and simple sensing can be modeled with a pure Discrete Event approach. We demonstrate that this approach is not only feasible, it is often more desirable from several standpoints. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Buss, AH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9519-0 PY 2005 BP 992 EP 1000 DI 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574350 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BDY77 UT WOS:000236253401043 ER PT B AU Gong, Q Kang, W AF Gong, Qi Kang, Wei BE Cheng, DH Xu, BG TI Computational methods in nonlinear control systems SO Proceedings of the 24th Chinese Control Conference, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Chinese Control Conference CY JUL 15-18, 2005 CL Canton, PEOPLES R CHINA SP S China Univ Technol, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineer Japan, Inst Control, Automat & Syst Engineers Korea, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Chinese Acad Sci, Automat Soc Guangdong Prov, Automat Soc Guangzhou, Guilin Univ Elect Technol DE computational optimal control; nonlinear systems; pseudospectral methods ID DIRECT TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD AB As a result of significant progress in large-scale optimization and computer technology, computational methods become increasingly important in control system design. In this paper, we provide a brief review of several computational methods of nonlinear optimal control. In particular, we illustrate the Pseudospectral (PS) method of optimal control, an approach that enjoys rapid development in recent years. Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the PS based computational framework. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH CHINA UNIV TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA GUANGZHOU 510641, GUANGDONG, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5623-2249-X PY 2005 BP 1789 EP 1795 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BEL69 UT WOS:000238019100394 ER PT B AU Selfridge, M Kennell, C AF Selfridge, Mark Kennell, Colen GP ASME TI Spar technology as a Seabasing enabler SO Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 12-17, 2005 CL Halkidiki, GREECE SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div DE spar; craneship; seakeeping; stable; Seabasing AB A concept was developed by the Seabasing Innovation Cell within the Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD) at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD). The study was undertaken during February-May 2003 with funding provided by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The concept was developed in summer 2003 with further CISD funding and has been chosen for the 2004 Senior Year Design, Build and Test project by Florida Atlantic University's (FAU) Ocean Engineering Department. The concept, known as the Deep Water Stable Craneship (DWSC) consists of two entities, a catamaran craneship and a detachable spar, which when connected form a self-deploying, open ocean capable trimaran. The spar can be rotated through 90 degrees, from horizontal to vertical, using seawater ballast. When vertical. partial de-ballasting 'lifts' the catamaran clear of the water surface allowing the system to operate as a spar and take advantage of the superior seakeeping afforded by the small waterplane area. The concept was inspired by the "ONR owned" and "Scripp's Institute operated" FLIPSHIP, and was developed as a potential solution to the Seabasing goal of transferring containerized cargo at sea between large and small vessels in seastate four (significant wave-heights 1.25-2.5m). Current crane operations at-sea are limited to seastate two (significant wave-heights 0.1-0.5m), largely due to pendulation of the load. This paper presents the development of the concept, its performance and alternative uses. In addition, a 1:15 scale 'demonstrator' is discussed as is a proposal for a FLIPSHIP-II. C1 NSWC Carderock, CISD, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Selfridge, M (reprint author), NSWC Carderock, CISD, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4196-0 PY 2005 BP 719 EP 727 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFN40 UT WOS:000243311200081 ER PT S AU Bharadwaj, R AF Bharadwaj, R GP IEEE Computer Society TI What is SINS? SO Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, Workshops and Fast Abstracts SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY JUL 26-28, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc AB The goal of the NRL secure middleware project (SINS) [1, 2, 3] is to develop infrastructure for the deployment and protection of time and mission-critical applications on a distributed computing platform, in a hostile computing enviromnent such as the Internet, while using unreliable or untrusted COTS components. In this project, we are rethinking basic ways in which distributed applications are developed, deployed, configured, and maintained. Such a methodology and infrastructure are crucial for the deployment of mission-critical applications in a collaborative environment spanning multiple sites, by multiple agencies, and across multiple enterprises. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0730-3157 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 2005 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCX17 UT WOS:000231697300005 ER PT B AU DeGiorgi, VG Wimmer, SA AF DeGiorgi, Virginia G. Wimmer, Stephanie A. GP ASME TI Influence of geometric features and material orientation in piezoelectric ceramic materials SO Proceedings of the ASME Aerospace Division LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Orientation between loading and material property directions is a concern for both polycrystalline and single crystal piezoelectric materials. The design of devices fabricated from piezoelectric materials emphasizes alignment between principal actuation direction and a specific coupling coefficient direction. However, loading and actuation directions may not always be aligned. Complex component geometry, multiple loading types, multiple loading paths and fabrication tolerances may result in misalignment between mechanical loading direction, principal actuation direction, electrical loading direction and material property orientation. In this work a computational study is presented that examines the effects of off axis loading as well as geometric features for piezoelectric ceramics. An ASTM dog-bone shaped tensile specimen is modified by the addition of cut-out features to provide geometry stress concentrations at various angles to the primary mechanical loading direction. Polycrystalline PZT-5A material properties are used. Mechanical loading is applied as in a standard tensile strength test. Electrical loading direction is aligned with the mechanical loading direction. The tensile specimen is also subjected to sequential mechanical and electrical loadings. In the initial condition the d(33) axis is aligned with the mechanical loading direction of the tensile specimen. Additional runs are made after rotating the material axes away from the principal mechanical loading axes of the tensile specimen. Stress patterns and location of maximum stress levels, indicating initial failure sites, are discussed in terms of the complex relationship between geometric features, material orientation and loading condition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6353,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4210-X PY 2005 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFN49 UT WOS:000243327400004 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Martin, R Anto, B AF Michopoulos, J. G. Martin, R. Anto, B. GP ASME TI Advances of the finite element modeling Markup Language SO Proceedings of the ASME Computers and Information in Engineering Division LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID DATA-DRIVEN ENVIRONMENT; MULTIPHYSICS APPLICATIONS AB Development of the finite element modeling Markup Language (femML) was motivated by the need to address data exchange issues associated with intra- and inter- application interoperability in the context of finite element modeling and analysis. This paper describes femML advances during the past four years and describes current status of various tools and technologies associated with femML. In particular, the current schema is described along with XSLT-based translation of femML to SVG and X3D for quick model visualization. Java, C++ and Visual Basic tools have been developed for model editing and visualization as well. The paper concludes with identification of standing issues to be resolved relative to femML's evolution and the future directions and plans about further evolution of femML. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4214-2 PY 2005 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFO13 UT WOS:000243398400019 ER PT B AU Kiriakidis, K O'Brien, RT AF Kiriakidis, Kiriakos O'Brien, Richard T., Jr. GP ASME TI A comparison of H-infinity with Kalman filtering in parameter identification SO Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division 2005, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The authors perform a thorough investigation of the extended H-infinity and Kalmanfilters based on results from stiffness estimation experiments. The paper uses the time-varying tolerance method to tune the H-infinity filter Exploring similarities in the associated Riccati equations, the authors also propose a new approach for tuning the Kalman filter The experimental results show that the H-infinity outperforms the Kalman filter along a wide range of tuning parameter values. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4216-4 PY 2005 BP 1169 EP 1176 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFY96 UT WOS:000245508100139 ER PT B AU Kiriakidis, K AF Kiriakidis, Kiriakos GP ASME TI Mixed mathematical and physical modeling for nonlinear systems SO Proceedings of the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division 2005, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID OUTPUT PARAMETRIC MODELS; NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; IDENTIFICATION AB The paper proposes a finite series expansion to approximate general nonlinear dynamic models to arbitrary accuracy. The method produces an approximation of nonlinear dynamics in the form of an aggregation of linear models, weighted by unimodal basis functions, and results in a linear growth bound on the approximation error Furthermore, the paper demonstrates that the proposed approximation satisfies the modeling assumptions for analysis based on linear matrix inequalities and hence widens the applicability of these techniques to the area of nonlinear control. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4216-4 PY 2005 BP 1223 EP 1232 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFY96 UT WOS:000245508100145 ER PT B AU Miklosovic, DS Bookey, PM AF Miklosovic, D. S. Bookey, P. M. GP ASME TI An analytic and experimental investigation of the aerodynamic performance enhancements of multiple winglet configurations SO Proceedings of the ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference - 2005, Vol 1, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Houston, TX SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID DRAG AB An experimental effort was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of three winglets mounted chordwise to the tip of a rectangular wing (NACA 0018 section). The winglets, with an aspect ratio of 3.6, were mounted on a half-span wing having an aspect ratio of 3.1. Twenty configurations of varying dihedral arrangements were analyzed with a vortex lattice method and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 600,000. In general, the arrangements involving high dihedral angles had lower performance increments, due to lower lift and higher interference drag. More specifically, the results showed that the winglets placed at 60, 45, and 30 degrees, respectively, produced nominal 4% higher lift and 46% lower drag. The most dramatic findings from this study show that positioning the winglet dihedral angles had the result of adjusting the point of maximum LID and the magnitude of the pitching moment coefficient. These observations suggest that. multiple winglet dihedral changes affect the lift, drag, and pitching moment in such a way that they are feasible for use as actively-controlled surfaces to improve the performance of aircraft at various flight conditions and to "tune" the longitudinal stability characteristics of the wing. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Miklosovic, DS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4198-7 PY 2005 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFK54 UT WOS:000242485100026 ER PT B AU Dodson, MG Miklosovic, DS AF Dodson, Michael G. Miklosovic, David S. GP ASME TI An historical and applied aerodynamic study of the wright brothers, wind tunnel test program and application to successful manned flight SO Proceedings of the ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference - 2005, Vol 1, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Houston, TX SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div DE Wright Brothers; kitty hawk; wind tunnel; Wright flyer AB A replica wind tunnel was built and used to test the flow quality through the Wright Brothers' wind tunnel. The research determined the effect flow quality and experimental method had on the Brothers' results, and whether those results were useful in a quantitative sense. Particle image velocimetry revealed boundary layers extending 2.5" (63.5 mm) from each wall, and velocity gradients as large as 20% along the wind tunnel model span resulting in an asymmetric lift distribution. Similarly, the balance generated asymmetric wingtip vortices contributing to asymmetric downwash along the span of the model. Direct force measurements of a replica of the Wrights #12 airfoil showed their lift measurements were at least 7% and as much as 15% too low, and numerical analysis revealed wind tunnel predictions for lift, drag, and efficiency were not applicable to full scale design due to Reynolds number scaling effects. C1 USN Acad, Aerosp Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dodson, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Aerosp Dept, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4198-7 PY 2005 BP 259 EP 268 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFK54 UT WOS:000242485100027 ER PT B AU Beal, DN Huyer, S Macumber, DL Annaswamy, AM AF Beal, David N. Huyer, Stephen Macumber, Daniel L. Annaswamy, Anuradha M. GP ASME TI Blade tonal noise reduction using stator trailing-edge articulation SO Proceedings of the ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference, Vol 2 SE FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Houston, TX SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div ID OSCILLATING FOILS; PROPULSION AB The biologically-inspired method of trailing-edge articulation is investigated as a means of reducing tonal noise due to the stator wake/rotor blade interaction in underwater vehicles. This work is experimental in nature and conducted in the closed channel water tunnel at Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Newport, Rhode Island. Tail articulation is carried out with a life scale stator model with hinged flapping tail designed to (i) operate in freestream velocities corresponding to Reynolds number in the range 75.000 < Re < 300,000 and (ii) operate at frequencies up to 30 Hz in order to investigate the range of Strouhal number 0.0 < St < 0.35. Velocity measurements in the active stator wake are carried out by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) in order to investigate the effects of tail articulation on the stator wake. Time averaged measurements of the stator wake by LDV show that Strouhal number of the tail articulation has a dominant effect on the time mean stator drag. Instantaneous phase-averaged measurements of the stator wake by PIV show three regimes of the stator wake as Strouhal number is increased-, quasi-steady wake spreading, vortex roll up, and strong vortex wake. Ongoing experiments with an instrumented propeller will demonstrate the efficacy of stator trailing-edge articulation on reducing unsteady blade forces. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Propuls & Control Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Beal, DN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Propuls & Control Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4199-5 J9 FLUID ENG D PY 2005 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFO76 UT WOS:000243502400028 ER PT B AU Carneal, JB Atsavapranee, P Baumann, CW Hamilton, JH Shan, J AF Carneal, Jason B. Atsavapranee, Paisan Baumann, Carl W. Hamilton, John H. Shan, Jerry GP ASME TI A global laser rangefinder profilometry system for the measurement of three dimensional wave surfaces SO Proceedings of the ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference, Vol 2 SE FLUIDS ENGINEERING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Houston, TX SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div AB A Global Laser Range Profilometry (GLRP) System has been developed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) for the measurement of three dimensional wave surfaces. A laser diode array consisting of 100 diodes operating at 650nm with an energy output of 3.5 mW was used to illuminate the wave surface seeded with fluorescent dye at various points in the Miniature Water Basin (MWB) facility at NSWCCD. A CCD camera located above the water surface recorded successive images of the laser array at 30 frames per second. Image processing techniques were used to locate the centroid of the laser array diode locations in the collected images. Calibration images were taken at various calm water heights in order to convert the image centroid locations to real coordinates. Two- and three-dimensional results are presented, along with error analysis of the GLRP system and comparison to flow visualization. A discussion of possible applications and planned future work is also presented in this work. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Carneal, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4199-5 J9 FLUID ENG D PY 2005 BP 397 EP 402 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFO76 UT WOS:000243502400057 ER PT B AU Tudor, V Ohadi, MM AF Tudor, V. Ohadi, M. M. GP ASME TI Control of frost accumulation on a horizontal cold plate using DC electric fields SO Proceedings of the ASME Heat Transfer Division 2005, Vol 2 SE Heat Transfer Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID GROWTH AB With the rapid advancement and expansion of affordable electronics and their applications to computer-driven process control, the prospects for electronically controllable heat transfer surfaces utilizing electric fields are very encouraging. The effects of DC electric fields on frost crystal growth with wire and flat-plate insulated electrodes were studied in this paper. Results showed that the electrode geometry played a major role in the frost control process. Up to 39% frost reduction was obtained when an insulated plate electrode was used with an applied voltage of 17kV, while in similar experiments only 22% frost reduction was obtained using a wire electrode. The plate temperature varied from -20 degrees C to 40 degrees C, while the air temperature was varied from 0 degrees C to -10 degrees C with air relative humidity ranging from 45% to 90%. Both natural and forced convection (Reynolds number = 5,000) conditions were considered in this study. The average power consumption for these experiments was 31 mW. The main findings of this study suggest that the presence of a DC electric field can greatly affect both the frost crystal growth pattern and mass accumulation on a cold plate. For the first time, the ice surface's electrical properties and basic electrostatics were used to explain the main findings in this paper. Numerical simulation results of the electric fields utilizing a state-of-the-art commercial software were in agreement with the experimental findings from this study. The effect of charge accumulation on the dielectric coating of the electrodes is also addressed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tudor, V (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4221-5 J9 HEAT TRANSF DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 376-2 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFM39 UT WOS:000243059900004 ER PT B AU Kealey, ER Joyce, PJ Cerza, M Smith, AN AF Kealey, Elizabeth R. Joyce, Peter J. Cerza, Martin Smith, Andrew N. GP ASME TI Investigation of elliptical cooling channels for a naval electromagnetic railgun SO Proceedings of the ASME Heat Transfer Division 2005, Vol 2 SE Heat Transfer Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SYSTEM AB Elliptical cross sections were examined for the design of cooling channels subject to biaxial and uniaxial compressive loading conditions based on an Electromagnetic (EM) Railgun. Elliptical shapes were considered due to the high surface area available for convection, relatively low impact on the stress distribution, and low stress concentration effect. The heat transfer capability of elliptical channels is maximized based on the applied heat flux and given flow conditions, by treating the channel as a variable area fin and varying the major and minor axis of the elliptical cross-section channel as well as the distance between channels. The optimal channel shape is further constrained by the applied compressive stresses. In order to test the thermal aspect of the design, a representative set of channels were machined into 1/3 scale copper rails using wire EDM. Tests were performed using a steady state heat flux to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient in order to verify the thermal calculations. In order to verify the structural aspect of the design, a numerical study of the stress concentration factors was performed. The results of both the thermal testing and numerical study were found to be in reasonable agreement with the prediction results. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kealey, ER (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4221-5 J9 HEAT TRANSF DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 376-2 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFM39 UT WOS:000243059900013 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Tsompanopoulou, P Houstis, EN AF Michopoulos, John G. Tsompanopoulou, Panayota Houstis, Elias N. GP ASME TI Towards agent based grid-enabled and sensor-driven fire dynamics simulation harnessed over Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devices SO Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference 2005, Vol 3, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conference/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID ENVIRONMENT; FLOWS AB The present paper is motivated by the need to develop technological infrastructure for informed and reliable decision support in various crisis and disaster management situations. It describes our prototype data-driven fire hazard simulator capable of predicting fire propagation dynamics that allows the user to take decisions based on reliable micro-future predictions of fire propagation based on potential personnel actions. Several heterogeneous technologies are integrated to achieve this goal. The GRID is utilized for running legacy codes enabling fire-propagation prediction. Sensor networks are used to enable simulation steering and correction. Base-stations enable data and communications coordination. Handheld or other wearable devices are terminal and initial points of interaction of the first responders with the rest of the system. Agent middleware is utilized to coordinate all heterogeneous software present. A demonstration of the first incarnation of this infrastructure is implemented over Bluetooth and WiFi enabled communications between the handheld devices and the base-stations involved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Grp, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4740-3 PY 2005 BP 111 EP 119 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFI27 UT WOS:000241986000014 ER PT B AU Michopoulos, JG Lambrakos, SG Tran, NE AF Michopoulos, John G. Lambrakos, Sam G. Tran, Nick E. GP ASME TI Multi-field characterization of single wall nano-tube composites for hydrogen storage SO Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference 2005, Vol 3, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conference/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The goal of the present work is three fold. Firstly to create the forward continuum model of a multi-species diffusing system under simultaneous presence of chemical reactivity and temperature as the general case of all hydrogen storage systems. Secondly, cast the problem of hydrogen storage in a pragmatic product-design context where the appropriate design parameters of the system are determined via appropriate optimization methods that utilize extensive experimental data encoding the behavior of the system. Thirdly, demonstrate this methodology on characterizing certain systemic parameters. Thus, the context of the work presented is defined by a data-driven characterization of coupled heat and mass diffusion models of hydrogen storage systems from a multiphysics perspective at the macro length scale. In particular. a single wall nanotube (SWNT) based composite is modeled by coupled partial differential equations representing spatio-temporal evolution of distributions of temperature and hydrogen concentration. Analytical solutions of these equations are adopted for an inverse analysis that defines a non-linear optimization problem for determining the parameters of the model by objective function minimization. Experimentally acquired and model produced data are used to construct the system's objective function. Simulations to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology and a discussion of its potential extension to multi-scale and manufacturing process optimization are also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Michopoulos, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Michopoulos, John/D-6704-2016 OI Michopoulos, John/0000-0001-7004-6838 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4740-3 PY 2005 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFI27 UT WOS:000241986000019 ER PT B AU Marx, S Nataraj, C AF Marx, Steven Nataraj, C. GP ASME TI An optimal control algorithm for suppression of harmonic base excitation in nonlinear magnetic bearings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 1, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise CY SEP 24-28, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID SYSTEM; LINEARIZATION AB al control techniques perform poorly in such situations mainly due to their highly nonlinear characteristics. The compensation method presented here is a novel optimal control procedure with a combination of conventional, proportional and differential feedback control. A four degree of freedom model is used for the rotor system, and the bearings are modeled by nonlinear expressions. Each disturbance frequency is expected to produce a multi-harmonic system response, a characteristic of nonlinear systems. We apply optimal control choosing to minimize a performance index, which leads to the optimization of the trigonometric coefficients in the correction current function. Results show that the control technique suppresses rotor vibration to amplitudes that were significantly smaller than the disturbance amplitudes for the entire range of disturbance frequencies applied. The control technique explored in this paper is a promising step towards the successful application of magnetic bearings to systems mounted on moving platforms. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Marx, S (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. EM MarxSS@nswccd.navy.mil; nataraj@villanova.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4738-1 PY 2005 BP 1239 EP 1248 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BFM59 UT WOS:000243093201041 ER PT B AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, Neil C. GP ASME TI Detecting suspicious behavior from only positional data with distributed sensor networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 6, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Control CY SEP 24-28, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE sensors; networks; suspicious; behavior; locations AB Wireless sensor networks are increasingly popular, and are being used to measure simple properties of their environment. In many applications such as surveillance, we would like them to distinguish "suspicious" behavior automatically. We distinguish here between suspicious and anomalous behavior, and develop a mathematical model which we illustrate on some sample data. We show the model predicts six classic deception strategies. We conclude with analysis of more sophisticated deceptions that exploit system responses to simpler deceptions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Code CSRp,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ncrowe@nps.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4743-8 PY 2005 BP 2291 EP 2296 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BFJ36 UT WOS:000242326202073 ER PT B AU Baucom, JN Qidwai, MA Pogue, WR Thomas, JP AF Baucom, J. N. Qidwai, M. A. Pogue, W. R., II Thomas, J. P. GP ASME TI Suppression of edge delamination through ivieso-scale structuring SO Proceedings of the ASME Materials Division SE Materials Division of the American Society of Mechanial Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID INTERLAMINAR STRESSES; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; DESIGN; PLY; ELEMENTS; SHEAR AB We are developing a new class of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials to facilitate imbedding multifunctional features and devices in material systems, and to manage interlaminar stresses at free edges and cut-outs. The idea is centered on introducing one more level of design space by composing plies with individual tiles possessing the same degrees of design freedom that are associated with individual plies. In this work, we have focused on tiling schemes that will allow blending of laminates (lay-ups), where a lay-up suitable for suppressing interlaminar stresses could be placed at necessary locations whereas another lay-up could be used for the main objective. This results in the introduction of matrix-rich tile-to-tile interface pockets in the blending region. Preliminary mechanical testing shows that uniaxially reinforced tiled composites attain stiffness levels near those of their traditional counterparts, yet with a potential degradation of strength. We used the finite element method to investigate the effects of resin-rich pocket size, the use of supporting continuous layers, tile size, and tile overlapping (interface stacking) schemes on stress distribution around interfaces in uniaxially reinforced tiled composites, with the aim to identify parameters controlling overall strength. We discovered that alignment of the resin-rich pockets through the thickness exacerbates stress-concentration and that outer continuous layers on the composite may help in better load transfer. As a first step in the application of this technique for the suppression of delamination at the free edges of holes in laminates, a bilaminate material was modeled, and the concept was shown to be effective in the suppression of edge delamination. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baucom, JN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4234-7 J9 MATER DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 100 BP 131 EP 142 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFM25 UT WOS:000243036600017 ER PT B AU Rohatgi, A Baucom, JN Pogue, WR Thomas, JP AF Rohatgi, A. Baucom, J. N. Pogue, W. R., III Thomas, J. P. GP ASME TI Microstructure-property relation in a liquid crystalline polymer-carbon nanofiber composite SO Proceedings of the ASME Materials Division SE Materials Division of the American Society of Mechanial Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE hierarchy; multifunctional; liquid crystalline polymer; vapor grown carbon nanofibers; extrusion ID INJECTION MOLDINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY AB Microstructure-property relationship is being examined in a polymer matrix composite system consisting of vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCF) mixed in a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) matrix. These nanocomposites show an inherent hierarchical structuring, which we hope to utilize in the development of multifunctional structure-conduction composites with improved performance. Among unfilled polymers, extruded LCPs show relatively high strength and high stiffness that have been attributed in the literature to the preferential molecular alignment along the extrusion direction and the hierarchical nature of LCPs. Further, as is typical for polymers, LCPs have poor thermal and electrical conductivity relative to metals. By contrast, carbon nanofibers are known to possess high strength, high stiffness and high conductivity in the axial direction. It is expected that the combination of the extrusion process and the similarity of the length-scales of LCP fibrils and carbon nanofibers will lead to improved axial alignment of both phases within the nanocomposite filaments. This simultaneous alignment of the LCP matrix and that of the carbon nanofibers is expected to lead to interesting mechanical and conductive behavior in the nanocomposite filaments through hierarchical interactions at the nanometer to micrometer scale levels. Carbon nanofibers, 60-150 nm in diameter, were mixed with Vectra A950 LCP and the mixture was extruded as 0.5-2 mm diameter filaments. Nanocomposite filaments with 1%, 2%, 5% and 10 wt.% VGCF were characterized via tensile testing and fractography. The tensile modulus, failure strength and strain-to-failure were found to be sensitive to filament diameter, carbon nanofiber content and extrusion process. There was a noticeable increase in mechanical performance with decreasing filament diameter irrespective of carbon nanofiber content. Fracture surfaces showed hierarchical features from nanometer to micrometer scale and processing defects in the form of voids. The results of this research will be used to fabricate composite components that exploit structural hierarchy from nano- to macro-scale. C1 Geocenters Inc, NRL Operat, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Rohatgi, A (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, NRL Operat, POB 441340, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4234-7 J9 MATER DIV ASME PY 2005 VL 100 BP 545 EP 552 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BFM25 UT WOS:000243036600071 ER PT B AU Bayles, RA Raman, RKS Knight, SP Wang, JA AF Bayles, Robert A. Raman, R. K. Singh Knight, Steven P. Wang, Jy-An GP ASME TI Evaluating stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility using a torsion test SO Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 2005, Vol 6 SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE stress-corrosion cracking; spiral-notch torsion test AB A torsion test has been devised that provides for plane strain constraint in small specimens during fracture toughness testing. This method has been extended for stress-corrosion cracking and a simple torsion load frame has been built to provide for step loading of the specimens. This paper describes using the torsion technique to measure KISCC for aluminum alloy 7075 having two thermo-mechanical treatments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayles, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Corros Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4191-X J9 PRES VES P PY 2005 VL 6 BP 717 EP 723 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BFO22 UT WOS:000243400900086 ER PT B AU Nix, AC Diller, TE AF Nix, A. C. Diller, T. E. GP ASME TI Experiments on the physical mechanism of heat transfer augmentation by freestream turbulence at a cylinder stagnation point SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 3 Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID FREE-STREAM-TURBULENCE; LENGTH SCALE; VANE AB Detailed time records of velocity and heat flux were measured near the stagnation point of a cylinder in low-speed air flow. The freestream turbulence was controlled using five different grids positioned to match the characteristics from previous heat flux experiments at NASA Glenn using the same wind tunnel. A hot wire was used to measure the cross-flow velocity at a range of positions in front of the stagnation point. This gave the average velocity and fluctuating component including the turbulence intensity and integral length scale. The heat flux was measured with a Heat Flux Microsensor located on the stagnation line underneath the hot-wire probe. This gave the average heat flux and the fluctuating component simultaneous with the velocity signal, including the heat flux turbulence intensity and the coherence with the velocity. The coherence between the signals allowed identification of the crucial positions for measurement of the integral length scale and turbulence intensity for prediction of the time average surface heat flux. The frequencies corresponded to the most energetic frequencies of the turbulence, indicating the importance of the penetration of the turbulent eddies from the freestream through the boundary layer to the surface. The distance from the surface was slightly less than the local value of length scale, indicating the crucial role of the turbulence in augmenting the heat flux. The resulting predictions of the analytical model matched well with the measured heat transfer augmentation. C1 Naval Air Syst Command Propuls & Power Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Nix, AC (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command Propuls & Power Engn, 22195 Elmer Rd,Bldg 106, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RI Diller, Thomas/F-2398-2014 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4726-8 PY 2005 BP 593 EP 600 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFK77 UT WOS:000242531300053 ER PT B AU Nicolo, JJ Zipkin, DM AF Nicolo, James J., Jr. Zipkin, David M. GP ASME TI Nanoscale thermoelectric applications for marine gas turbine engines SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THIN-FILMS AB A nanoscale thermoelectric module, applied in the form of a coating or panel or tiled array, could translate the thermal waste heat produced by gas turbine generators onboard United States Naval Vessels into various ship-board applications. The gross temperature differences that exist in engine enclosures and exhaust ducting provides an excellent potential gradients for such an application; and the energy produced from such an application could then be used to provide a vast array of engineering services to be discussed in this paper. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Nicolo, JJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4728-4 PY 2005 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFN87 UT WOS:000243376900013 ER PT B AU Nicolo, JJ Zipkin, DM Scharschan, J AF Nicolo, James J., Jr. Zipkin, David M. Scharschan, John GP ASME TI An intermediate approach to communcation and sensor interfacing standardization for marine gas turbine engines SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB This paper details the on-going effort of NAVSEA Philadelphia to provide a command and control technology upgrade to the Model 139 Gas Turbine Generator Set, while deploying a novel approach to this process using Open System Architecture Condition Based Maintenance (OSA-CBM) archetype. The long-term goal of the process being implemented is to serve as the foundation for a communication and interfacing standardization for the marine gas turbine (GT) community. The topics to be discussed in this essay span from investigation to a proposed design, which includes physical measurement of parameters, sensor-Full Authority Digital Controller (FADC) interfacing, and overall system architecture. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Nicolo, JJ (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4728-4 PY 2005 BP 573 EP 577 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFN87 UT WOS:000243376900060 ER PT B AU Russom, DM Lembach, RA Kozuhowski, HJ Golden, DD AF Russom, Dennis M. Lembach, Russell A., Jr. Kozuhowski, Helen J. Golden, Dana D. GP ASME TI Improving operational availability of gas turbine generators aboard US Navy DDG-51 Class ships by combining the capabilities of the Integrated Condition Assessment System (ICAS) and the generator set's Full Authority Digital Controller (FADC) SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE GTG : gas turbine generator set; LOCOP : local operating panel; ICAS : integrated condition assessment system; CBM : condition based maintenance; FADC : full authority digital control; MELS : maintenance engineering library server; iPAR : ICAS performance analysis report; ePAR : enterprise performance analysis report AB Operational availability of Gas Turbine Generator Sets (GTGs) aboard the U.S. Navy's DDG 51 Class ships is being enhanced through the combined capabilities of the ship's Integrated Condition Assessment System (ICAS) and the GTG's Full Authority Digital Control (FADC). This paper describes the ICAS and FADC systems; their current capabilities and the vision of how those capabilities will evolve in order to improve equipment readiness and reduce life cycle costs. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Russom, DM (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4728-4 PY 2005 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFN87 UT WOS:000243376900065 ER PT B AU Hatcher, S Batory, T Neff, R Kane, P AF Hatcher, Shaun Batory, Tom Neff, Robert Kane, Pat GP ASME TI US Navy qualification of a GE LM2500+gas turbine engine SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB This report is a comprehensive document citing the events pertaining to the qualification of the GE LM2500+ gas turbine engine for US Navy Service. The purpose of this report is to serve as documentation of the entire Qualification process that includes the 500-hour Rating Qualification Test and subsequent teardown inspection, High Impact Shock Testing, and the subsequent 100-hour post shock endurance test and teardown inspection. This report includes an assessment of the overall performance of the engine, General Electric's capacity to meet specified test requirements, any questions or concerns that may have arisen during testing, and a conclusive statement about the outcome of the tests. C1 USN, NAVSEA, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Hatcher, S (reprint author), USN, NAVSEA, Code 0333, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4728-4 PY 2005 BP 619 EP 628 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFN87 UT WOS:000243376900066 ER PT B AU Shifler, DA Russom, DM Rodman, BE AF Shifler, David A. Russom, Dennis M. Rodman, Bruce E. GP ASME TI Performance evaluation of high temperature coatings for hot section turbine components SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID DIFFUSION COATINGS; CORROSION; SUPERALLOYS; OXIDATION AB 501-K34 marine gas turbine engines serve as auxiliary power sources for the U.S. Navy's DDG-51 Class ships. It is desired that 501-K34 marine gas turbine engines have a mean time between removal of 20K hours. While some engines have approached this goal, others have fallen significantly short. A primary reason for this shortfall is hot corrosion (Type I and Type II) damage in the hot section turbine area due to both intrusion of salts from the marine air and from sulfur in the gas turbine combustion fuels. Previous metallographic examination of several unfailed blades removed from a marine gas turbine engine after 18000 operating hours showed that the coating thickness under the platform and in the curved area of transition between the platform to the blade stein was either very thin. porous, and in a few cases, non-existent on each unfailed blade. Type II hot corrosion was evident at these locations under the platform. Corrosion fatigue cracks initiated at several hot corrosion sites and had advanced through the blade stems to varying degrees. Cracking in a few blades had advanced to the point that blade failure was imminent. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) report the hot corrosion results of alternative high temperature coating systems on Alloy M247 and Alloy 792 for hot section components of the 501-K34 gas turbine engine using a low velocity, atmospheric-pressure burner-rig (LVBR), (2) compare and rank hot corrosion performance of these coatings systems to the baseline coating/substrate system (2) down select the best performing coating systems (in terms of LVBR hot corrosion and thermal cycling resistance) to implement on future hot section components in the 501-K34 engine for the Fleet. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Marine Corros Branch, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Marine Corros Branch, Code 613,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4728-4 PY 2005 BP 629 EP 636 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BFN87 UT WOS:000243376900067 ER PT B AU Bohl, DG Volino, RJ AF Bohl, Douglas G. Volino, Ralph J. GP ASME TI Experiments with three dimensional passive flow control devices on low-pressure turbine airfoils SO Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2005, Vol 6, Pts A and B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th ASME Turbo-Expo CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID VORTEX GENERATOR JETS; SEPARATION CONTROL; BOUNDARY-LAYERS AB The effectiveness of three dimensional passive devices for flow control on low pressure turbine airfoils was investigated experimentally. A row of small cylinders was placed at the pressure minimum on the suction side of a typical airfoil. Cases with Reynolds numbers ranging from 25,000 to 300,000 (based on suction surface length and exit velocity) were considered under low freestream turbulence conditions. Streamwise pressure profiles and velocity profiles near the trailing edge were documented. Without flow control a separation bubble was present, and at the lower Reynolds numbers the bubble did not close. Cylinders with two different heights and a wide range of spanwise spacings were considered. Reattachment moved upstream as the cylinder height was increased or the spacing was decreased. If the spanwise spacing was sufficiently small, the flow at the trailing edge was essentially uniform across the span. The cylinder size and spacing could be optimized to minimize losses at a given Reynolds number, but cylinders optimized for low Reynolds number conditions caused increased losses at high Reynolds numbers. The effectiveness of two-dimensional bars had been studied previously under the same flow conditions. The cylinders were not as effective for maintaining low losses over a range of Reynolds numbers as the bars. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bohl, DG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4729-2 PY 2005 BP 747 EP 757 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFK59 UT WOS:000242493400067 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF Fureby, C AF Grinstein, FF Fureby, C TI LES studies of the flow in a swirl gas combustor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE large eddy simulation; premixed swirling flame; gas turbine combustor ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; WALL-BOUNDED FLOWS; FLAMES AB Environmental and other practical concerns have led to the development of compact gas turbine combustors burning lean mixtures leading to potentially low CO and NO, emissions. The compact design requires efficient atomization and mixing together with a compact premixed flame. Associated with these requirements are higher temperatures, increased heat transfer, and thermal load, thus increasing the danger of combustion instabilities (causing performance deterioration and excessive mechanical loads), and possible off-design operation. Numerical simulations of reacting flows are well suited to address these issues. To this end, large eddy simulation (LES) is particularly promising. The philosophy behind LES is to explicitly simulate the large scales of the flow and the thermochemistry, affected by boundary conditions whilst modeling only the small scales, including the interaction between the flow and the combustion processes. Here, we examine the flow and the flame in a model gas turbine combustor (General Electric's lean premixed dry low NO, LM6000) to evaluate the potential of LES for design studies of engineering applications and to study the effects of the combustor confinement geometry on the flow and on the flame dynamics. Two LES models, a Monotone Integrated LES model with 1 and 2 step Ahrrenius chemistry, and a fractal flame-wrinkling LES model coupled to a conventional one-equation eddy-viscosity subgrid model, are used. Reasonable agreement is found when comparing predictions with experimental data and with other LES computations of the same case. Furthermore, the combustor confinement geometry is found to strongly affect the vortical flow, and hence also the flame and its dynamics. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, Dept Weapons & Protect Warheads & Prop, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, Dept Weapons & Protect Warheads & Prop, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. EM fureby@foi.se NR 19 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 1791 EP 1798 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.082 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300011 ER PT J AU Oran, ES AF Oran, ES TI Astrophysical combustion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE flames; detonations; supernovae; deflagration-to-detonation transition; soot; interstellar dust; ignition; stars; explosions ID DELAYED-DETONATION MODEL; IA SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT CURVES; HUBBLE CONSTANT; WHITE-DWARFS; HOT-SPOTS; UNIVERSE; SIMULATIONS; EXPLOSION; COSMOLOGY AB There are three main astrophysical combustion systems: the evolution of stars, formation of interstellar dust and particulates, and the transition to hadrons in the early universe. These are described in terms of general combustion concepts, such as ignition, laminar and turbulent flames, detonations, multiphase flows, and particle and soot formation. Viewed in this way, the universe and many of its most important astronomical components are combustion systems, and we should use these as naturally occurring laboratories for exploring new and familiar combustion regimes. A triore detailed discussion focuses on one type of combustion system, the ignition and development of turbulent flames in Type la supernovae, and the importance of the transition to a detonation. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oran, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM oran@lcp.nri.navy.mil NR 72 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 1823 EP 1840 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.278 PN 2 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300015 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Oran, ES Khokhlov, AM AF Gamezo, VN Oran, ES Khokhlov, AM TI Three-dimensional reactive shock bifurcations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE supersonic combustion; DDT; shock bifurcation; shock-flame interaction ID TO-DETONATION TRANSITION; FLAME INTERACTIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HOT-SPOTS; DEFLAGRATIONS AB We model interactions of a premixed flame with incident and reflected shocks in a rectangular shock tube using three-dimensional (3D) reactive Navier-Stokes numerical simulations. Shock-flame interactions occur in the presence of boundary layers that cause the reflected shock to bifurcate and form a reactive shock bifurcation (RSB), which contains a flame in the recirculation zone behind the oblique shock. The recirculation zone acts as a flame holder thus attaching the flame to the shock in the vicinity of the wall, and providing a mechanism for a detonationless supersonic flame spread. The accelerated burning induced by an RSB, and Mach stems that may result from RSB-RSB interactions, promote hot-spot formation, and eventually accelerate deflagration-to-detonation transition. Schlieren-type images generated from the simulation results show that the 3D structure of an RSB may not always be easily recognized in experiments if the RSB is attached to the surface of the observation window. The main 3D effect observed in the simulations is caused by the presence of the second no-slip wall in a 3D rectangular channel. Two RSBs that form at adjacent walls interact with each other and produce an oblique Mach stem between two oblique shocks. The oblique Mach stems then interacts with a central Mach stein that forms near symmetry plane, and this interaction creates a hot-spot that leads to a detonation initiation. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gamezo@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 1841 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.059 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300016 ER PT J AU Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Smooke, MD Yetter, RA AF Parr, TP Hanson-Parr, DM Smooke, MD Yetter, RA TI AP/(N-2+C2H2+C2H4) gaseous fuel diffusion flame studies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Univ Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL SP Combust Inst HO Univ Illinois Chicago DE ammonium perchlorate; diffusion flames; counterflow; flames; modeling ID PLUS OCLO REACTION; AB-INITIO; CLOX REACTIONS; KINETICS; MECHANISM; SOOT; DECOMPOSITION; RADICALS AB Counterflow diffusion flame experiments and modeling results are presented for a fuel mixture consisting of N, C H, and C2H4 flowing against decomposition products from a solid AP pellet. The flame zone simulates the diffusion flame structure that is expected to exist between reaction products from AP crystals and a hydrocarbon binder. Quantitative species and temperature profiles have been measured for one strain rate, given by a separation of 5 mm, between the fuel exit and the AP surface. Species measured include C2H2, CH4, N-2, CN, NH, OH, CH, C-2, NO, NO2, O-2, CO2, H-2, CO, HCl, H2O, and soot volume fraction. Temperature was measured using a combination of a thermocouple at the fuel exit and other selected locations, spontaneous Raman scattering measurements throughout the flame, NO vibrational populations, and OH rotational population distributions. The burning rate of the AP was also measured for this flame's strain rate. The measured eighteen scalars are compared with predictions from a detailed gas-phase kinetics model consisting of 105 species and 660 reactions. Model predictions are found to be in good agreement with experiment and illustrate the type of kinetic features that may be expected to occur in propellants when AP particles burn with the decomposition products of a polymeric binder. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Smooke, MD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM Timothy.Parr@navy.mil; Donna.Hanson-Parr@navy.mil; mitchell.smooke@yale.edu; rayetter@psu.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 2113 EP 2121 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.108 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 937RX UT WOS:000229944300047 ER PT S AU Sheeley, NR AF Sheeley, NR BE Lacoste, H TI The transport of photospheric magnetic flux SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE SOLAR WIND 11 - SOHO 16: CONNECTING SUN AND HELIOSPHERE SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Solar Wind 11 - SOHO 16 Conference CY JUN 12-17, 2005 CL Whistler, CANADA SP European Space Agcy, NASA, CSA ASC, NSF, Univ Michigan ID SUNS POLAR FIELDS; CORONAL HOLES; RIGID ROTATION; SOLAR; EVOLUTION; CYCLE-21; FACULAE; SIMULATIONS; FLOW AB This paper briefly describes our current model for transporting magnetic flux on the Sun's surface and mentions some results that have been obtained with the model. Special focus is placed on the reversal of the polar magnetic fields of the Sun and the influence that meridional flow may have in regulating the reversal from one sunspot cycle to the next. As an introduction to a longer-term study of white-light images obtained at the Mount Wilson Observatory, a preliminary analysis of continuum images from the Michelson Doppler Interferometer (MDI) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft is briefly described. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-903-0 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2005 VL 592 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDU58 UT WOS:000235471300035 ER PT S AU Howard, RA Thernisien, AF Marque, C Vourlidas, A Patel, N AF Howard, RA Thernisien, AF Marque, C Vourlidas, A Patel, N BE Lacoste, H TI Modelling of CMES for the stereo mission SO Proceedings of the Conference Solar Wind 11 - SOHO 16: CONNECTING SUN AND HELIOSPHERE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Solar Wind 11 - SOHO 16 Conference CY JUN 12-17, 2005 CL Whistler, CANADA SP European Space Agcy, NASA, CSA ASC, NSF, Univ Michigan ID CORONA AB To understand the visibility of CMEs and the ability to discern the 3D structure, we have been developing a "forward modeling" capability. For this technique a synthetic image of either total or polarized brightness is computed from an assumed electron density model. Several (geometric) models of a CME have been defined - loop, spherical shell, cylindrical shell and a graduated cylindrical shell (GCS). We have used the GCS model to simulate flux-rope CMEs, and to investigate the appearance of a CME as a function of STEREO separation angle. We have applied the model to 4 flux-rope CMEs observed by LASCO, for which we have been able to fit the present the results of this study and compare the simulations with observed CMEs from LASCO. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Howard, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-903-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2005 VL 592 BP 727 EP 730 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDU58 UT WOS:000235471300147 ER PT B AU Kang, W AF Kang, W BE Hamza, MH TI Numerical observers of control systems using computational optimization methods SO Proceedings of the Eighth IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED, TC Control, IASTED, TC Intelligent Syst & Control DE nonlinear observer; numerical method ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; DESIGN; MINIMIZATION AB In this paper, numerical observers are developed based on numerical integration algorithms and numerical optimization algorithms. The observer is applicable to a large family of nonlinear systems, including systems not uniformly observable, systems with unknown parameters, and time-varying systems. Several numerical observers are addressed based on a variety of numerical methods. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-517-5 PY 2005 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BDN89 UT WOS:000234538500021 ER PT B AU Menozzi, A Bandyopadhyay, P Warren, S AF Menozzi, A Bandyopadhyay, P Warren, S BE Hamza, MH TI Interfacing olivo-cerebellar neuron hardware to fin actuators of a Biorobotic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle SO Proceedings of the Eighth IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED, TC Control, IASTED, TC Intelligent Syst & Control DE neural network control; robotics; bio systems; oceanic engineering ID INFERIOR OLIVE; DYNAMICS AB The subject of precision maneuvering and control of a Biorbotic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (BAUV) is considered. Because the inferior-olive (10) part of the brain is a core component of motor control and coordination, the engineering rendition of its neuronal dynamics [4] is being explored for understanding and viability in the BAUV context. An analysis and appraisal of both simulation and hardware implementations of 10 neuron clusters in terms of their ability to provide motion signals to the BAUV actuators have been carried out. The progress in utilizing 10 neuron implementations to move a flapping foil actuator is described. Both simulation and experimental data are discussed. The optimal role of these 10 neurons within the BAUV's control system is assessed, and a new way of utilizing them is proposed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Menozzi, A (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Autonomous Syst & Technol Dept, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-517-5 PY 2005 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BDN89 UT WOS:000234538500060 ER PT B AU Gong, Q Ross, IM Kang, W Fahroo, F AF Gong, Q Ross, IM Kang, W Fahroo, F BE Hamza, MH TI Dual convergence of the legendre pseudospectral method for solving nonlinear constrained optimal control problems SO Proceedings of the Eighth IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2005 CL Cambridge, MA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED, TC Control, IASTED, TC Intelligent Syst & Control DE constrained optimal control; pseudospectral methods; nonlinear systems AB In this paper we present a modified Pseudospectral method for constrained nonlinear optimal control problems. The convergence is guaranteed under verifiable conditions. We also show that the convergence of the primal variables does not necessarily imply convergence of the duals. The Covector Mapping Theorem is clarified and the issue of constraint qualifications is demonstrated by a simple example. Conditions for the convergence of the duals are described and illustrated. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gong, Q (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-517-5 PY 2005 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BDN89 UT WOS:000234538500074 ER PT B AU Park, K Pederson, MR AF Park, K Pederson, MR GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Computer simulation of nanomagnets tethered to gold surfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP, USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27-30, 2005-2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID APPROXIMATION; MOLECULES; FILMS AB Much of the experimental work aimed at single-electron devices relies on successfully tethering functional molecules onto gold surfaces. The [Mn12O12(CH3COO)(16)(H2O)(4)] molecular nanomagnet has been shown to exhibit an interesting and measurable magnetic signature. Moreover the magnetic behavior has been shown to be very sensitive to changes in charge state and hydrogen-bonding to neighboring molecules. Recent experiments have revealed that the acetate ligands can be successfully substituted by long thiol terminated alkane chains such as C10H2O followed by subsequent attachment to a gold surface. As such we have performed calculations to determine whether the electronic structure and primary magnetic signatures of a molecular magnet can be retained upon attachment. In order to perform these calculations we have used both fine-grained and coarse-grained strategies for determining the geometrical, electronic, and magnetic behavior of these systems. The molecular system has been broken up into three separate fragments that have been separately optimized on the IBM HPC platforms at the NAVO and ARL MSRCs. Further, each fragment calculation employs the massively parallel NRLMOL program to efficiently perform density-functional calculations. The fragments are then reconnected and further optimized prior to determining the magnetic structure. We find that the HOMO-LUMO gap for minority spins decrease dramatically up to 1 eV and that the transverse magnetic anisotropy parameter is induced and the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of the Mn12 molecule is almost the same as before attachment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@dave.nrl.navy.mil; mark.pederson@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600002 ER PT B AU Halterman, K Baring, TJ AF Halterman, K Baring, TJ GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Analysis of the electromagnetic characteristics of nanowires using ScaLAPACK on high performance computers SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Phys & Computat Sci Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Phys & Computat Sci Res & Engn Sci Dept, China Lake, CA USA. RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600006 ER PT B AU Norton, GV Anderson, W Rosenberg, R AF Norton, GV Anderson, W Rosenberg, R GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Modeling pulse propagation and scattering in a dispersive medium SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID TIME-DOMAIN AB Accurate modeling of pulse propagation and scattering is of great importance to the Navy. In a non-dispersive medium, a fourth order in time and space 2-D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) scheme representation of the linear wave equation can be used However, when the medium is dispersive, one is required to take into account the frequency-dependent attenuation and phase velocity. Until recently, to include the dispersive effects, one typically solved the problem in the frequency domain and not in the time domain. The frequency domain solutions were Fourier transformed into the time domain. However by using a theory first proposed by Blackstock, the linear wave equation has been modified by adding an additional term (the derivative of the convolution between the causal time domain propagation factor and the acoustic pressure) that takes into account the dispersive nature of the medium. In the cases we are examining, what makes the water environment dispersive is the presence of air bubbles that are present at only a very small set of grid points. This leads to a numerical scheme where the amount of work to be done on individual grid points can vary by two orders of magnitude, leading to load balancing problems. This paper will examine the challenges encountered in implementing this problem efficiently on High Performance Computer systems and the tools, algorithms, and code changes required to run this code efficiently on such machines. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Norton, GV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600009 ER PT B AU Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA AF Toporkov, JV Sletten, MA GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Numerical study of low grazing range-resolved radar backscatter from the sea surface SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP, USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27-30, 2005-2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID FORWARD-BACKWARD METHOD; ROUGH SURFACES; SCATTERING; ACCELERATION AB Statistical properties of X-band sea clutter are studied using 2-dimensional direct numerical simulations. Surfaces are modeled as realizations of a Gaussian random process with the Pierson-Moskowitz or Elfouhaily spectrum. Creamer transform is applied to reproduce the lowest-order non-linearities. Backscattered field at a given frequency is found using the first-principles integral equation technique. Calculations are repeated at a number of frequencies allowing to synthesize surface response to a pulse as short as 2.2 ns. The study is focused on the incidence angle of 85 degrees (5 degrees grazing), with an example at moderate 60 degrees incidence considered as well. Probability density functions (pdfs) for vertically and horizontally polarized clutter are obtained using Monte Carlo trials. The effects of variations in wind speed (sea state) and radar resolution are investigated. The technique also allows isolating and examining the impact of certain electromagnetic and hydrodynamic approximations. Simulated pdfs are compared to Weibull and K distributions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jakov.toporkov@nrl.navy.mil; mark.sletten@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600010 ER PT B AU Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE Townsend, TL Chassignet, EP AF Wallcraft, AJ Hurlburt, HE Townsend, TL Chassignet, EP GP IEEE Comp Soc TI 1/25 degrees Atlantic ocean simulation using HYCOM SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID 1/64-DEGREES RESOLUTION; CURRENT SYSTEM; MODELS; 1/8-DEGREES; DYNAMICS; IMPACT C1 USN, Res Lab, SSC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wallcraft, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SSC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 222 EP 225 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600033 ER PT B AU Wallcraft, AJ Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE Chassignet, EP Garraffo, ZD Smedstad, OM AF Wallcraft, AJ Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE Chassignet, EP Garraffo, ZD Smedstad, OM GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Global ocean prediction using HYCOM SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC C1 USN, Res Lab, SSC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wallcraft, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SSC, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 231 EP 233 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600035 ER PT B AU McClean, JL Ivanova, D Thoppill, P Maltrud, M Hunke, E Lipscomb, W Carton, J Giese, B AF McClean, JL Ivanova, D Thoppill, P Maltrud, M Hunke, E Lipscomb, W Carton, J Giese, B GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Towards a high-resolution global coupled navy prediction system SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC ID SEA-ICE; MODEL; WATER AB The focus of our recent work has been to complete the global high-resolution ocean and the eddy-permitting coupled ice/ocean simulations using the Los Alamos Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model and the sea ice model (CICE), as well as the first reanalysis using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) and POP (SODA POP 1.2). The high-resolution (0.1 degrees) global ocean model was run for 25 years (1979-2003) forced with synoptic atmospheric fluxes. The simulated ocean stale for the post spin-up period (1994-2002) is examined in terms of its representation of the eddy variability and significant mesoscale processes by comparing energy levels and intrinsic scales with those from satellite altimetry. Also the role of the mesoscale in inter-basin property exchanges is examined with respect to the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Sea. Global coupled sea-ice/ocean and stand-alone ice simulations on an eddy-permitting 0.4 degrees grid were run for the period 1979-2003; both were forced with synoptic atmospheric fluxes. The ice states have been compared statistically with available observations (passive microwave satellite fields, upward-looking sonar, and ice buoys) in the latter part of the simulation. The results have lead to a suite of sensitivity runs, whose results will guide our final choices for the 0.1 degrees global coupled sea-ice/ocean simulation. The spin-up of global stand-alone 0.1 degrees CICE is underway. The first reanalysis (SODA POP 1.2) using the 0.4 degrees global POP and SODA is complete and is available to the general oceanographic community through Live Access Servers (LAS) at the University of Maryland and at the University of Hawaii. The reanalysis is being used to study various aspects of the global circulation including the Indonesian Throughflow, and the variability of the subtropical cells in the Pacific. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP McClean, JL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 244 EP 248 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600038 ER PT B AU Anderson, W Rosenberg, R Lanzagorta, M AF Anderson, W Rosenberg, R Lanzagorta, M GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Benchmarking NRL's SGI Alfix SO Proceedings of the HPCMP, Users Group Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on High Performance Computing Modernization Program CY JUN 27, 2005-JUN 30, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP DoD Sci & Technol Comm, User Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team, US Dept Defense, UGC AB For the past three years the Naval Research Laboratory has been evaluating the Silicon Graphics Inc (SGI) Altix machine as a platform for high performance computing within the Department of Defense (DoD). This effort has been in two parts: first on systems with 1.3 GHz IA-64 processors with 3 MB cache and a NumaLink3 network architecture, and then on a system with 1.6 GHz IA-64 processors with 9 MB of cache and a NumaLink4 network architecture. As part of this work NRL has been porting both internally developed codes and the TI-05 benchmark codes to the Altix and evaluating their performance. Performance results of running codes on an Altix system with the 1.3 GHz processors and a RedHat Linux based operating system and an Altix system with 1.6 GHz processors and a SUSE based Linux based operating system are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5593, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2496-6 PY 2005 BP 339 EP 343 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEA11 UT WOS:000236397600053 ER PT B AU Moskowitz, IS Newman, RE AF Moskowitz, Ira S. Newman, Richard E. BE Hamza, MH TI Multiple access covert channels SO Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Communication, Network, and Information Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IASTED International Conference on Communication, Network, and Information Security CY NOV 14-16, 2005 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED TCCNIS, IASTED TCIF, IASTED Tech Comm Networks DE covert channel; multiple access channel; feedback; anonymity; mix AB Classically, covert channel analysis has concerned itself with the situation of one transmitter and one receiver. The only exception that we can find for this in the literature is that of the Network Pump(TM) [1]. However, in [1], even though the situation is brought to light, it is not analyzed. The situation of multiple transmitters attempting to communicate covertly with one receiver also comes up when dealing with anonymity systems [2]. Recent work [3, 4, 5] discusses how quasi-anonymous channels arise in anonymity systems as covert channels that exist due to the lack of perfect anonymity. The quasi-anonymous channels considered though only deal with a single transmitter and a single receiver. In this paper we consider multiple covert channel transmitters. For the sake of simplicity in this paper we assume that all channels are discrete and memoryless (with stationary distributions). The mathematical foundations for this paper, multiple access channels, were first hinted at in [6], and then put on firm ground in [7]. The definitive explanation can be found in [8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 0-88986-537-X PY 2005 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BEW17 UT WOS:000239782800028 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Hamza, MH TI Fuzzy logic planning and control for cooperatrve autonomous teams of robots SO Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Computational Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IASTED International Conference on Computational Intelligence CY JUL 04-06, 2005 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev DE fuzzy logic; resource management; robotics; planning algorithms; distributed autonomous systems AB Distributed autonomous systems (DASs), i.e., systems that have separated distributed components, each of which, exhibit some degree of autonomy are increasingly providing solutions to naval and other DoD problems. Recently developed DAS control, planning and postprocessing algorithms will be discussed. The DAS to be discussed consists of a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are under fuzzy logic control. The UAVs fly and conduct meteorological sampling in a coordinated fashion determined by their fuzzy logic controllers to determine the atmospheric index of refraction. Once in flight no human intervention is required. A fuzzy planning algorithm determines the optimal trajectory, sampling rate and pattern for the UAVs and an interferometer platform while taking into account risk, reliability, priority for sampling in certain regions, fuel limitations, mission cost, and related uncertainties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-479-9 PY 2005 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDE98 UT WOS:000233166400003 ER PT B AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Hamza, MH TI Reverse engineering through genetic program based data mimng SO Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Computational Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IASTED International Conference on Computational Intelligence CY JUL 04-06, 2005 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev DE data mining; knowledge discovery; genetic programs; reverse engineering; sensors; digital logic AB A data mining based procedure for automated reverse engineering and defect discovery has been developed. The data mining algorithm for reverse engineering uses a genetic program (GP) as a data mining function. A GP is an evolutionary algorithm that automatically evolves populations of computer programs or mathematical expressions, eventually selecting one that is optimal in the sense it maximizes a fitness function. The system to be reverse engineered is typically a sensor that may not be disassembled and for which there are no design documents. The sensor is used to create a database of input signals and output measurements. Rules about the likely design properties of the sensor are collected from experts. The rules are used to create a fitness function for the GP allowing GP based data mining. This procedure incorporates not only the experts' rules into the fitness function, but also the information in the database. The information extracted through this process is the internal design specifications of the sensor. These design properties can be used to create a fitness function for a genetic algorithm, which is in turn used to search for defects in the digital logic design. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-479-9 PY 2005 BP 304 EP 309 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDE98 UT WOS:000233166400054 ER PT S AU Schmidt, WE Holland, KT Guza, RT AF Schmidt, WE Holland, KT Guza, RT GP IEEE TI Surfzone drifters: Applications and observations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES EIGHTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY JUN 28-29, 2005 CL Stoughton, WI SP IEEE, OES ID RIP CURRENT SYSTEM; CURRENTS; FIELD; CIRCULATION; BEACH AB A GPS-tracked drifter, designed for surfzone use and providing real-time current information, has been developed/deployed over the last 5 years. The positively-buoyant, 50cm-draft drifter is constructed of PVC and ballasted for near-complete submergence. GPS and spreadspectrum radio antennae reside on a 70cm-tall protruding spar. Real-time DGPS positions (similar to 3-5m) are first-differenced for drifter velocity and direction. More precise (sub-meter) position information is obtained by post-processing L1 carrier-phase data. The present design has seen 25 deployments (4-6 hrs each) since July 2000 and the current fleet of 10 drifters has logged 1000 hrs sea time in breaking wave heights up to 3m. Studies have focused on rip currents and surfzone circulation, lagoon outflow, and surfzone mixing/dispersion. The drifter flow field. observations are presented in conjunction with high-resolution digital video, bathymetric, and tidal data. These observations reveal novel features of nearshore circulation patterns that are difficult to obtain using alternate methods. The spatial structure of rip current velocity appears to be strongly linked to surfzone width and geometry. Similarly, surfzone eddies, long predicted but rarely witnessed, are observed to be long-lived (> 2 hrs) and large (similar to 50m diameter) bathymetrically-controlled features. The drifter is thought to be a suitable platform for additional sensor systems and capable of riverine/estuarine applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39525 USA. RP Schmidt, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39525 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-7990 BN 0-7803-8989-1 J9 WORK C CURR MEASUREM PY 2005 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1109/CCM.2005.1506350 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BCS53 UT WOS:000231050900022 ER PT B AU Yakimenko, OA Kaminer, II Dobrokhodov, VN Jones, KD AF Yakimenko, OA Kaminer, II Dobrokhodov, VN Jones, KD BE Shokin, YI Potaturkin, OI TI On the development of guidance, navigation and control algorithms for unmanned air vehicles SO Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Multi-Conference on Automation, Control, and Information Technology - Automation, Control, and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IASTED International Multi-Conference on Automation, Control, and Information Technology CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Novosibirsk, RUSSIA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Fdn Assistance Small Innovat Enterprise, Inst Automat & Electrometry, Siberian Branch Russian Acad Sci, Inst Computat Technologies, Siberian Branch Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Russian Acad Sci DE transportation; analysis and design; system architecture; modeling and simulation AB This paper describes the development and application of a rapid prototyping system for flight testing of autonomous flight algorithms for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) at the Naval Postgraduate School. The system provides a small team with the ability to rapidly prototype new theoretical concepts and flight-test their performance in realistic mission scenarios. The original development was done using MATRIX(X) Xmath/SystemBuild environment almost a decade ago. Currently, the system has been converted to the Mathworks MATLAB/Simulink development environment. The fleet of UAVs currently available at the NPS includes several fixed-wing airplanes with wing-spans of up to 3.5m all the way down to flapping-wing micro UAVs (MAVs) with wings spans as small as 23cm. The paper describes the hardware and software tools currently adopted for the system and briefly discusses the variety of projects that have included path following algorithms, voice control, vision based navigation for shipboard landing, autoland system development, etc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yakimenko, OA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-488-8 PY 2005 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BDF22 UT WOS:000233195500040 ER PT S AU Gustafson, EH Lollini, CT Bishop, BE Wick, CE AF Gustafson, EH Lollini, CT Bishop, BE Wick, CE GP IEEE TI Swarm technology for search and rescue through multi-sensor multi-viewpoint target identification SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST05) CY MAR 20-22, 2005 CL Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL SP IEEE HO Tuskegee Univ DE robot swarms; mobile robot; robot navigation; search and rescue; undergraduate research AB In this paper, we present preliminary results from an undergraduate research project involving hardware and software development for a cooperative team of autonomous ground vehicles performing a search and rescue (SAR) operation. Key features of the proposed system are a novel localization method and cooperative target identification / situational evaluation using extremely low-cost hardware and simple user interfaces. The localization method relies on the use of technology from an optical computer mouse [1], which provides an innovative, low-computation solution for robot localization even on rough terrain. The proposed coordination scheme relies on low-bandwidth local communication, well suited to SAR environments, but also provides sufficient unit autonomy for the unstructured environment. Targets are located, identified and verified through cooperation and coordination of multiple viewpoints and data streams. The resulting system provides excellent flexibility, robustness and efficacy in a low-cost package. C1 USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP Gustafson, EH (reprint author), USN Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8808-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2005 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1109/SSST.2005.1460935 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BCB29 UT WOS:000228486100070 ER PT S AU Dunbar, TN Esposito, JM AF Dunbar, TN Esposito, JM GP IEEE TI Artificial potential field controllers for robust communications in a network of swarm robots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST05) CY MAR 20-22, 2005 CL Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL SP IEEE HO Tuskegee Univ DE swarm robotics; artificial potential fields; communication ID MOBILE ROBOTS; AGENTS AB An active area of research in the robotics community is "swarm control," where many simple robots work together to execute tasks which are beyond the capability of any single robot acting alone. Yet in order for the swarm members to work together effectively they must maintain a reliable and robust wireless communication network among them. The goal of this project is to investigate motion control laws which fulfill the dual and sometimes conflicting requirements of executing a primary mission (e.g. search and rescue) while maintaining a robust mobile wireless communication network among the swarm members. Three different spatial requirements for robust communication are considered in this project: proximity, line of sight and redundancy. To this end, several artificial potential fields have been developed and simulated to determine their success in controlling the swarm. The strengths and weaknesses, the design process and the interaction of the controllers constitute the heart of the paper. At a higher level, we address the challenge of how to compose these motion control laws to achieve the primary mission in a meaningful way. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. RP USN Acad, POB 12181, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. EM m051980@usna.edu; esposito@usna.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8808-9 J9 SE SYM SYS THRY PY 2005 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.1109/SSST.2005.1460945 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BCB29 UT WOS:000228486100080 ER PT S AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, JE Addison, SR GP IEEE TI The notion of random Fourier series: An approach based on phase noise SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST05) CY MAR 20-22, 2005 CL Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL SP IEEE HO Tuskegee Univ DE phase noise; characteristic functions; random Fourier series AB We introduce a notation of a random Fourier series based on a communication theory model of phase noise and discuss the relation between this model and those discussed in Marcus. Two notions of representation of a random variable in terms of one another are introduced and a "uniqueness" theorem is introduced. Applications to different engineering problems are discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Addison, Stephen/C-6068-2013 OI Addison, Stephen/0000-0003-1196-6030 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8808-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2005 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1109/SSST.2005.1460949 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BCB29 UT WOS:000228486100084 ER PT S AU Yang, J Huang, WX Chow, TP Butler, JE AF Yang, J Huang, WX Chow, TP Butler, JE BE Brown, GJ Biefeld, RM Gmachl, C Manasreh, MO Unterrainer, K TI High quality MPCVD epitaxial diamond film for power device application SO Progress in Compound Semiconductor Materials IV-Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Compound Semiconductor Materials IV held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab ID DIODES AB As a wide bandgap (5.47 eV) semiconductor material, single crystal diamond has high electron mobility (reportedly between 2000 and 4400 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)), high electron saturation velocity (2x10(7) cm(-1)), high breakdown voltage (> 10(7) Vcm(-1)), and high thermal conductivity (> 21 Wcm(-1)K(-1)). Diamond-based semiconductor devices offer the potential of operation at high voltages, power levels, temperatures and under extreme radiation conditions. In this work, we present our effort to grow high quality homo-epitaxial diamond films on (100)-single crystal diamond substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The growth rate can vary from 0.01 to 100 micrometers per hour, depending on growth conditions, doping, and quality; and using a "lift-off" process, free-standing homo-epi films with remarkable low p-type doping (lx10(14) - 1x10(17) cm(-3)) and exceptionally low compensation similar to 1x10(13) cm(-3) have been made. Vertical and lateral structure high voltage diamond Schottky rectifiers have been built for frequency dependent capacitance-voltage (C-V), and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. A breakdown voltage of 8 kV at 100 mu n distance and 12.4 kV at 300 mu n distance is recorded for lateral structure devices without Ohmic contact (back to back Schottky contacts), while an un-optimized vertical device with an back-side Ohmic contact has demonstrated a forward voltage drop of 7 V at 18 A/cm(2) in a device that can only block 600 V. New test results show 3.7 kV blocking voltage vertical devices on 20 mu n freestanding MPCVD diamond film. This data shows that the quality of diamond film extremely affect the electrical properties of the built devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-777-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 829 BP 293 EP 300 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCF69 UT WOS:000229084900044 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN Forester, DW AF Smith, D. L. Medgyesi-Mitschang, L. N. Forester, D. W. TI Surface integral equation formulations for left-handed materials SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; RADIATION; CYLINDERS; BODIES AB The electromagnetic interactions with left-handed material (LHM) medium postulated by Veselago are examined within the framework of surface integral equations (SIEs) solved by the method of moments ( MM). The formulations are given for a general medium and then specialized for cases of LHM media. The scattering, propagation and lensing through such media are investigated. The implications and limitations of using SIE/MM formulations for lossless LHM media are also explored. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5050,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2005 VL 51 BP 27 EP 48 DI 10.2528/PIER04032203 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA 072UY UT WOS:000239699700002 ER PT J AU Book, JW Perkins, HT Cavaleri, L Doyle, JD Pullen, JD AF Book, JW Perkins, HT Cavaleri, L Doyle, JD Pullen, JD TI ADCP observations of the western Adriatic slope current during winter of 2001 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE current observations; temperature data; wind-driven currents; deep water formation; bora; West Adriatic Current; Mediterranean; Eastern Mediterranean; Adriatic Sea; northern Adriatic Sea ID SEA GENERAL-CIRCULATION; DENSE WATER; SURFACE CIRCULATION; NORTHERN; PREDICTION; BOTTOM; SHELF; SCATTEROMETER; WINDS; BORA AB Data from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) mooring maintained during the winter of 2001 in 57 m of water near Senigallia, Italy are used to describe the winter conditions of the Western Adriatic Current in the northern Adriatic Sea. Wind and water temperature measurements from the Acqua Alta tower in 19 m water depth off Venice and winds from a 4-km resolution reanalysis model, COAMPSTM, are used to interpret the ADCP data, especially with respect to currents generated by bora winds. At the ADCP site, mean depth-average current for the winter deployment period was 10.4 cm/s toward 140 degrees, roughly aligned with local bathymetric contours. Both mean currents and fluctuations about the means were highly barotropic during the winter. Southeastward (along-shore), mean currents increased slightly (1.8 cm/s) with depth between 7 and 47 m following a nearly linear trend. Offshore (cross-slope), mean currents only increased (2.0 cm/s) deep in the water column, between 35 and 51 m. Current variability was dominated by four bursts of currents in which flow toward the southeast greatly increased. These bursts followed bora winds, the timing of which was identified by measured winds at the Acqua Alta tower. Depth-averaged, de-tided currents exceeded 30 cm/s during all four events, and reached 45 cm/s during one event. Correlations between these along-shore currents and simulated wind stress from the COAMPS model were calculated over the whole north Adriatic. The cross-covariance between currents and wind stress had a spatial pattern similar to the bora wind itself, reaching maxima along the northern Adriatic coast, off the southern tip of Istria, and near Ilovik Island (14.5 degrees N, 44.4 degrees E). Wind stress in these regions had stronger correlation with currents at the mooring than did wind stress anywhere near the mooring. Bottom water at the mooring was too warm for it to have been North Adriatic Dense Water, except perhaps for a brief pulse of cold water associated with the third current burst on April 1st. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Ist Sci Marine, I-30125 Venice, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Book, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM book@nrlssc.navy.mil RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Cavaleri, Luigi/0000-0003-0360-2077 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 66 IS 2-4 BP 270 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2004.07.014 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 959JD UT WOS:000231513100011 ER PT J AU Fernandez, V Dietrich, DE Haney, RL Tintore, J AF Fernandez, V Dietrich, DE Haney, RL Tintore, J TI Mesoscale, seasonal and interannual variability in the Mediterranean Sea using a numerical ocean model SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Mediterranean Sea; ocean modelling; interannual variability ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; PART I; SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY; RESOLUTION; CHANNELS; ENERGY AB In this paper, we present the results from a 1/8 degrees horizontal resolution numerical simulation of the Mediterranean Sea using an ocean model (DieCAST) that is stable with low general dissipation and that uses accurate control volume fourth-order numerics with reduced numerical dispersion. The ocean model is forced using climatological monthly mean winds and relaxation towards monthly climatological surface temperature and salinity. The variability of the circulation obtained is assessed by computing the volume transport through certain sections and straits where comparison with observations is possible. The seasonal variability of certain currents is reproduced in the model simulations. More important, an interannual variability, manifested by changes in currents and water mass properties, is also found in the results. This may indicate that the oceanic internal variability (not depending on external atmospheric forcing), is an important component of the total variability of the Mediterranean circulation; variability that seems to be very significant and well documented by in situ and satellite data recovered in the Mediterranean Sea during the last decade. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. EM v.fernandez@uib.es NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 66 IS 2-4 BP 321 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2004.07.010 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 959JD UT WOS:000231513100014 ER PT J AU Wiggert, JD Hood, RR Banse, K Kindle, JC AF Wiggert, JD Hood, RR Banse, K Kindle, JC TI Monsoon-driven biogeochemical processes in the Arabian Sea SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Arabian sea; phytoplankton; ocean color; monsoon; biogeochemical modeling; eddies; mesoscale processes ID MURRAY,JOHN MABAHISS EXPEDITION; MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODEL; UPPER-OCEAN RESPONSE; ZONE COLOR SCANNER; MICROBIAL FOOD-WEB; INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; MIXED-LAYER; NORTHEAST MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB Although it is nominally a tropical locale, the semiannual wind reversals associated with the Monsoon system of the Arabian Sea result annually in two distinct periods of elevated biological activity. While in both cases monsoonal forcing drives surface layer nutrient enrichment that supports increased rates of primary productivity, fundamentally different entrainment mechanisms are operating in summer (Southwest) and winter (Northeast) Monsoons. Moreover, the intervening intermonsoon periods, during which the region relaxes toward oligotrophic conditions more typical of tropical environments, provide a stark contrast to the dynamic biogeochemical activity of the monsoons. The resulting spatial and temporal variability is great and provides a significant challenge for ship-based surveys attempting to characterize the physical and biogeochemical environments of the region. This was especially true for expeditions in the pre-satellite era. Here, we present an overview of the dynamical response to seasonal monsoonal forcing and the characteristics of the physical environment that fundamentally drive regional biogeochemical variability. We then review past observations of the biological distributions that provided our initial insights into the pelagic system of the Arabian Sea. These evolved through the 1980s as additional methodologies, in particular the first synoptic ocean color distributions gathered by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner, became available. Through analyses of these observations and the first large-scale physical-biogeochemical modeling attempts, a pre-JGOFS understanding of the Arabian Sea emerged. During the 1990s, the in situ and remotely sensed observational databases were significantly extended by regional JGOFS activities and the onset of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor ocean color measurements. Analyses of these new data and coupled physical-biogeochemical models have already advanced our understanding and have led to either an amplification or revision of the pre-JGOFS paradigms. Our understanding of this complex and variable ocean region is still evolving. Nonetheless, we have a much better understanding of time-space variability of biogeochemical properties in the Arabian Sea and much deeper insights about the physical and biological factors that drive them, as well as a number of challenging new directions to pursue. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, UMCES, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wiggert, JD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, CCPO, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM jwiggert@ccpo.odu.edu RI hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013 NR 137 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 65 IS 2-4 BP 176 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2005.03.008 PG 38 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 936PP UT WOS:000229868200005 ER PT B AU Ugarte, NP Swider-Lyons, KE AF Ugarte, NP Swider-Lyons, KE BE Murthy, M Fuller, TF VanZee, JW Gottesfeld, S TI Low-platinum tin-oxide electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell cathodes SO Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells III, Proceedings SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells CY OCT, 2002 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrolysis & Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div ID REDUCTION AB Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can be made more affordable by reducing their noble metal (platinum) content. Traditional fuel cells often use 10 wt% Pt on Vulcan carbon (10% Pt/VC), but we show that this platinum content can be lowered by the utilization of metal oxide supports for the Pt at the cathode. New low-Pt catalysts of hydrous tin oxide (Pt-SnOx) are compared to 10% Pt/VC in both half-cell and PEMFC measurements. Half-cell voltammetric evaluation with a rotating disk electrode shows that Pt-SnOx/VC has higher activity for oxygen reduction than the standard 10% Pt/VC even though it contains 5x less Pt. Preliminary PEMFC measurements are made using a Pt-SnOx/VC cathode and a Pt/VC anode at room temperature using humidified hydrogen and oxygen. The Pt-SnOx/VC catalyst performs well in PEMFCs compared to 10% Pt/VC catalysts, despite having a 23x lower platinum loading. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ugarte, NP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6171, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-455-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2005 VL 2002 IS 31 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BCF79 UT WOS:000229108600005 ER PT S AU Meyer, JR Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Evans, AJ Yu, JS Slivken, S Razeghi, M AF Meyer, JR Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Evans, AJ Yu, JS Slivken, S Razeghi, M BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI High-power CW mid-IR quantum cascade lasers SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diode laser; quantum cascade laser; quantum well; mid-infrared ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; HIGH-DUTY-CYCLE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MU-M; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; MIDINFRARED LASER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DIODE-LASERS; HEAT-SINKING AB We report the cw operation of quantum cascade lasers that do not require cryogenic cooling and emit at lambda = 4.7-6.2 mu m. At 200 K, more than 1 W of output power is obtained from 12-mu m-wide stripes, with a wall-plug efficiency (eta(wall)) near 10 %. Room-temperature cw operation has also been demonstrated, with a maximum output power of 640 mW (eta(wall) = 4.5 %) at 6 mu m and 260 MW (eta(wall) = 2.3 %) at 4.8 mu m. Far-field characterization indicates that whereas the beam quality remains close to the diffraction limit in all of the tested lasers, in the devices emitting at 6.2 mu m the beam tends to steer by as much as 5-10 degrees in either direction with varying temperature and pump current. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009; Slivken, Steven/B-7273-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5706-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5732 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.597072 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BCF41 UT WOS:000229036500017 ER PT S AU Aifer, EH Tischler, JG Warner, JH Vurgaftman, I Kim, JC Meyer, JR Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ AF Aifer, EH Tischler, JG Warner, JH Vurgaftman, I Kim, JC Meyer, JR Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI W-structured type-II superlattice based long and very-long wavelength infrared photodiodes. SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE type-II superlattice; strained layer superlattice; GaSb; III-V; IR detector ID MU-M; DETECTORS; LIFETIME; CUTOFF AB W-structured type-H superlattices (W-SLs) were initially developed to increase the gain of mid-wave infrared (MWIR) lasers. The design addressed the reduced optical transition matrix elements due to the spatial displacement between valence and conduction band wavefunctions in the type-II superlattice (T2SL), and further improved the differential optical gain by providing a mostly two-dimensional density of states. As a result, W-SL and W interband cascade lasers have lower thresholds and higher pulsed and cw operating temperatures than any other III-V interband MWIR lasers. These same features give W-SLs desirable properties for IR detectors, and here we report for the first time on characteristics of W-SLs used for long-wave and very long-wave IR photodiodes. IR transmission measurements of W and conventional T2SL photodiodes revealed absorption characteristics that are well described by theory, including line shape and peak absorption coefficient values which are about a factor of 2 greater in the W-SLs. Similarly, the low temperature photoluminescence shows much higher and sharper emission intensity in the W-SLs. While the W-SLs have demonstrated superior optical properties, as predicted, additional work is needed to achieve higher detector quantum efficiency. Results suggest that the excess carrier collection in the W-structures is reduced with respect to similar T2SL structures, especially for the lowest energy state. Possible mechanisms of excess carrier loss, as well as new designs to improve charge collection, in the W-SL, will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011; Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174; Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5706-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5732 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1117/12.597134 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BCF41 UT WOS:000229036500026 ER PT S AU Harrison, TR Tait, GB McAdoo, JA AF Harrison, TR Tait, GB McAdoo, JA BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Nano-scale heterostructure InGaAs MSM photodetectors SO Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE MSM photodetectors; nanolithography; InGaAs heterostructure ID SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL PHOTODETECTORS; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE AB In this work, we investigate the DC and high-frequency performance of heterostructure InGaAs/InAlAs metalsemiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors fabricated using e-beam nanolithography. The device finger electrodes are approximately 250 nm in width with gaps of 100 nm, and are arranged interdigitally in a circular geometry with similar to 4.5 mu m outer diameter. The InGaAs absorption layer is 200 nm thick. high-bandgap material layers are utilized to form carrier transport barriers and to enhance Schottky barrier heights at the contacts. Also, a buried Bragg reflector (resonant cavity enhanced structure) serves to increase the photodetector responsivity given the very thin absorption layer thickness. Current-voltage measurements of seven devices were taken at room temperature under dark and illuminated conditions. Additionally, the frequency performance was evaluated using a 1550-nm diode laser with an integrated 50-GHz electroabsorption modulator and a microwave network analyzer. A fairly large range of dark currents from 100 pA-1 mu A is observed. External responsivities for these small devices also vary widely between 0.05 - 0.24 A/W. Under high-frequency intensity modulation, the devices exhibit an RC-limited and/or diffusion-limited performance, with usable bandwidths to 15 GHz. Physical origins of the device and parasitic capacitances are discussed as well as optical diffraction effects, both of which are thought to contribute to the limited high-frequency performance. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Joint Warfare Anal Ctr, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Harrison, TR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Joint Warfare Anal Ctr, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5706-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5732 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1117/12.587809 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BCF41 UT WOS:000229036500034 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Doyle, JD Smith, RB AF Jiang, QF Doyle, JD Smith, RB TI Blocking, descent and gravity waves: Observations and modelling of a MAP SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE evanescent wave; hydraulic jump; mountain drag ID DOWNSLOPE WINDS; FLOW; MOUNTAIN; DYNAMICS; DRAG; ALPS AB A northerly fohn event observed during the special observational period of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme is investigated based on observational analysis and numerical modelling. The focus of this study includes three dynamical processes associated with mountain perturbations and their interactions, namely, windward flow blocking, descent and warming on the lee side, and mountain waves. Observations indicate the presence of a deep weak-flow layer underneath a stable layer, associated with Alpine-scale blocking. Satellite imagery reveals a fohn-induced cloud-free area to the south of the Alps, which is consistent with flow descent diagnosed from radiosondes and constant-volume balloons. Moderate-amplitude stationary waves were observed by research aircraft over the major Alpine peaks. Satellite images and balloon data indicate the presence of stationary trapped-wave patterns located to the north of the Alpine massif. Satisfactory agreement is found between observations and a real-data COAMPS simulation nested to 1 km resolution. COAMPS indicates the presence of trapped waves associated with a sharp decrease of Scorer parameter above a stable layer in the mid-troposphere. Underneath the stable layer, moist low-level flow is blocked to the north of the Alps. The warm air in the stable layer descends in the lee and recovers its altitude over a relatively short horizontal distance through a hydraulic jump. Blocking reduces the effective mountain and hence significantly reduces mountain drag. A simple empirical formula for estimation of the effective mountain height, he, is derived based on numerical simulations. The formula states h(e)/h(c) = root h/h(c) where h is the real mountain height and h(c) is the critical mountain height to have flow stagnation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Av, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jiang@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 606 BP 675 EP 701 DI 10.1256/qj.03.176 PN B PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910ZR UT WOS:000227971200014 ER PT S AU Cray, JE Addison, SR AF Cray, JE Addison, SR BE Trebits, RN Kurtz, JL TI A generalization of Huygen's principle and some applications SO Radar Sensor Technology 1X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology IX CY MAR 31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE random sums; Huygen's principle; passive surveillance AB In this note we show how to arrive at the characteristic function for sum of N sinusoidal random variables under the conditions that a characteristic function for the individual component can be calculated. Using this formalism, it is possible to generalize Huygen's principle to random variables with each point of space to be an antenna with a gain pattern that is a superposition of random variables. Applications of this principle to several problems of interest is then briefly discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Cray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Addison, Stephen/C-6068-2013 OI Addison, Stephen/0000-0003-1196-6030 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5773-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5788 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.603584 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR79 UT WOS:000230961200010 ER PT B AU Kosch, M Turk, M AF Kosch, M Turk, M BE Kisacanin, B Pavlovic, V Huang, TS TI Flocks of features for tracking articulated objects SO REAL-TIME VISION FOR HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Vision for Human-Computer Interaction held in Conjunction with IEEE CVPR 2004 CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE CVPR C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Comp Sci Dept, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Comp Sci Dept, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Comp Sci Dept, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM kolsch@nps.edu; mturk@cs.ucsb.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-27697-1 PY 2005 BP 67 EP 83 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BDI62 UT WOS:000233634300005 ER PT B AU Gulian, AM Wood, KS AF Gulian, AM Wood, KS BE Takayanagi, H Nitta, J TI Quantum properties of single-domain triplet superconductors SO Realizing Controllable Quantum States: MESOSCOPIC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SPINTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Mesoscopic Superconductivity and Spintronics CY MAR 01-04, 2004 CL Atsugi City, JAPAN SP Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, FED, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID DYNAMICS; SR2RUO4 AB In absence of external fields the ground state in triplet superconductors with broken time-reversal symmetry is degenerate, corresponding to two values of chirality N. Chirality corresponds to clockwise (N=1) and counter-clockwise (N=-1) spontaneous non-dissipative currents in single-domain superconductors. Interactions lift the degeneracy and yield a possibility of macroscopic quantum tunneling between the chiral states, observable in sufficiently small samples. For an appropriate initial state, coherent oscillations of the order parameter (and simultaneously, orbital and magnetic momentum) should take place with sign alternations of non-dissipative currents. Understanding the details of quantum properties of the ground state is the objective of this work. The method of investigation is in linking the phenomenological description of the superconductor with the spin-boson Hamiltonian approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-468-3 PY 2005 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1142/9789812701619_0022 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BDM86 UT WOS:000234363700022 ER PT B AU Wood, KS Wu, HD Golf, FF Yaguchi, H Maeno, Y Gulian, AM AF Wood, KS Wu, HD Golf, FF Yaguchi, H Maeno, Y Gulian, AM BE Takayanagi, H Nitta, J TI Triplet superconductors: Exploitable basis for scaleable quantum computing SO Realizing Controllable Quantum States: MESOSCOPIC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SPINTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Mesoscopic Superconductivity and Spintronics CY MAR 01-04, 2004 CL Atsugi City, JAPAN SP Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, FED, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID STATE AB Triplet-pairing superconductors with broken time-reversal symmetry such as ruthenates, Sr2RuO4, have potential application as a basis for quantum computing (QC). The prerequisite here is the requirement of achieving superconductivity in single domain mesoscopic samples. One possible fabrication approach is application of thin film technologies. Initially some attempts were made by other groups to achieve epitaxial Sr2RuO4 films by pulsed laser deposition, but they failed. We propose an alternative method that makes small pieces of the material from larger crystals without destroying the crystal Meanwhile, experimental demonstration of quantum dynamics of triplet superconductors, such as Sr2RuO4, requires small structures on the order of the size of a single domain. QC done using triplet state superconductivity is potentially advantageous because the qubit is only a tiny piece of metal, yet a complete QC system can be implemented building upon this kind of qubit as the foundation. The supporting technology for initiation, entanglement and readout is described. Some of it involves application of ferromagnetic components, used in gate mechanisms. Ultimately, the approach presented here brings together triplet superconductivity in mesoscopic structures witliferromagnetic techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-468-3 PY 2005 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1142/9789812701619_0053 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BDM86 UT WOS:000234363700053 ER PT J AU Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Cestone, V Kurihara, LK Harris, VG Brown, EC AF Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Cestone, V Kurihara, LK Harris, VG Brown, EC TI Automated system for x-ray absorption spectroscopy of nanoparticle nucleation and growth SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMBINATORIAL; CATALYSTS; EDGE AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a useful tool for studying nanoparticle synthesis and growth. Described here is a system for automating synthesis and data collection, allowing time-resolved XAS measurements at a synchrotron to be accurately combined with measurements made under identical conditions elsewhere, and promising the ability to use XAS with experiments in combinatorial chemistry. The primary components of this system are a commercial parallel processor and a custom flow cell. The system has been used to collect data on the synthesis of iron oxides from iron(II) acetylacetonate. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sarah Lawrence Coll, Dept Phys, Bronxville, NY 10708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvin, S (reprint author), Sarah Lawrence Coll, Dept Phys, 1 Mead Way, Bronxville, NY 10708 USA. EM scalvin@mailaps.org RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 AR 016103 DI 10.1063/1.1831231 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 893SA UT WOS:000226738300052 ER PT S AU Chao, CC Chen, HW Li, X Xu, WB Hanson, B Ching, WM AF Chao, CC Chen, HW Li, X Xu, WB Hanson, B Ching, WM BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Identification, cloning, and expression of potential diagnostic markers for Q fever SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Q fever; 2D gel electrophoresis; LC-MS-MS; protein antigens; biotin AB The clinical diagnosis of Q fever is difficult. Whole cell antigens are currently used in several serological methods, but antigens are limited due to the hazardous nature of Coxiella burnetii cultivation. In this report, we described the method of detecting immunodominant antigens of C. burnetii by using proteomic techniques with patient sera, and cloning and expressing the selected antigens using a novel vector known for its ease of expression, purification, and downstream application. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, RDD, IDD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. PanBio Inc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Chao, CC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, RDD, IDD, 503 Robert Grand Ave,RM 3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chaoc@nmrc.navy.mil RI Chen, Hua-Wei/A-8018-2011 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 76 EP 78 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.010 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200009 PM 16481493 ER PT S AU Chao, CC Chelius, D Zhang, T Mutumanje, E Ching, WM AF Chao, CC Chelius, D Zhang, T Mutumanje, E Ching, WM BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Proteomic analysis of Rickettsia prowazekii SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Rickettsia prowazekii; proteomics; LC-MS-MS ID MADRID-E AB Rickettsia prowazekii is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium. Comparative proteomics study or a virulent strain (Breinl) versus an avirulent strain (Madrid E) was performed using an integrated liquid chromatography and mass spectrometer. About 30% of predicted proteins were detected and identified. Among the detected proteins, more than 30 proteins were of unknown function in both strains. Although several proteins were detected in only one strain, the overall distribution of detected proteins in different COGs (clusters of orthologs groups) was very similar between the two strains. Functional analysis of differentially expressed proteins, either qualitatively or quantitatively, may lead to the discovery of pathogenesis-related factors. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, IDD, RDD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Thermo Electrons, San Jose, CA USA. RP Chao, CC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, IDD, RDD, 503 Robert Grant Ave,RM 3N71, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chaoc@nmrc.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.013 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200012 PM 16481496 ER PT S AU Ge, H Tong, M Li, A Mehta, R Ching, WM AF Ge, H Tong, M Li, A Mehta, R Ching, WM BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Cloning and sequence analysis of the 22-kDa antigen genes of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains Kato, TA763, AFSC 7, 18-0324609 TH1814, and MAK 119 SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Orientia tsutsugamushi; scrub typhus; 22-kDa antigen; vaccine AB The 22-kDa protein antigen is one of several antigens recognized by sera from scrub typhus patients infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi. The 22-kDa protein genes from six O. tsutsugamushi strains (Kato, TA763, AFSC 7, 18-032460, TH1814, MAK119) were cloned and their sequences were determined and compared to each other and to the Karp strain sequence listed in GenBank. The sequence alignment revealed that the promoter regions of these seven strains were highly conserved. However, the ORFs exhibited some variation. The phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences indicated that among the seven strains assessed, Kato and TA763 were the most closely related, while Karp and TH1814 were the most distantly related. The information gained from this analysis will facilitate our selection of O. tsutsugamushi strains from which antigens should be derived to be included in a multivalent vaccine candidate for scrub typhus. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. Technol Mentorship Program, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP Ge, H (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM geh@nmrc.navy.mil NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.036 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200035 PM 16481519 ER PT S AU Xu, GA Chattopadhyay, S Jiang, J Chan, TC Chao, CC Ching, WM Richards, AL AF Xu, GA Chattopadhyay, S Jiang, J Chan, TC Chao, CC Ching, WM Richards, AL BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Short- and long-term immune responses of CD-1 outbred mice to the scrub typhus DNA vaccine candidate: p47Kp SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE CD-1 mice; immunization; p47Kp; scrub typhus; vaccine AB Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is the causative agent of scrub typhus. To develop an effective vaccine to prevent or ameliorate scrub typhus, knowledge of the protective immune response to O. tsutsugamushi needs to be ascertained. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the DNA vaccine vector pVR1012 carrying the O. tsutsugamushi Karp strain 47-kDa protein gene (p47Kp) consistently provides outbred mice protection against homologous challenge. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM richardsa@nmrc.navy.mil NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 266 EP 269 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.043 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200042 PM 16481526 ER PT S AU Taye, A Chen, H Duncan, K Zhang, Z Hendrix, L Gonzalez, J Ching, W AF Taye, A Chen, H Duncan, K Zhang, Z Hendrix, L Gonzalez, J Ching, W BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Production of recombinant protein Pap31 and its application for the diagnosis of Bartonella bacilliformis infection SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Bartonella bacilliformis; Pap31; ELISA; infection ID POPULATION; HISTORY AB Tropical bartonellosis is a highly fatal epidemic and endemic infectious disease that occurs throughout the communities of the Andes Mountains in South America. The disease is caused by the facultative intracellular bacteria, Bartonella bacilliformis. The emergence of bartonellosis in new geographic areas and an increase in the number of reported cases suggest the need for a rapid test for epidemiologic study and investigation of the disease burden. The objective of this research is to develop a rapid serologic diagnostic test using recombinant antigens to overcome the limitations of the current standard IFA technique for laboratory diagnosis. Western blot analysis with patient sera of whole cell lysate separated on a 2D gel identified Pap31 as a dominant antigen. PCR primers were designed according to the sequence of ATCC strain 35685 to amplify the gene coding for Pap31 from a local isolate (HOSP 800-09, Peru). The amplicon was subsequently cloned into pET24a, adding the T7 tag, and expressed in E. coli. Patient sera with different IFA titers confirmed the diagnostic band of 31 kDa on a Western blot of SDS-PAGE. The performance of affinity-purified recombinant Pap31 (rPap3) was also evaluated in an ELISA format with 137 patient sera of known IFA titers. The range of ELISA reading from positive sera did not overlap with the range of those from negative sera, suggesting the potential application of rPap31 in both ELISA for high throughput regional hospital settings and in the construction of handheld rapid tests for rural clinical sites. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ching, W (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chingw@nmrc.navy.mil RI Chen, Hua-Wei/A-8018-2011 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 280 EP 285 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.045 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200044 PM 16481528 ER PT S AU Jiang, J Blair, PJ Felices, V Moron, C Cespedes, M Anaya, E Schoeler, GB Sumner, JW Olson, JG Richards, AL AF Jiang, J Blair, PJ Felices, V Moron, C Cespedes, M Anaya, E Schoeler, GB Sumner, JW Olson, JG Richards, AL BE Hechemy, KE Oteo, JA Raoult, DA Silverman, DJ Blanco, JR TI Phylogenetic analysis of a novel molecular isolate of spotted fever group rickettsiae from northern Peru - Candidatus rickettsia andeanae SO RICKETTSIOSES: FROM GENOME TO PROTEOME, PATHOBIOLOGY, AND RICKETTSIAE AS AN INTERNATIONAL THREAT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY JUN 18-21, 2005 CL Logrono, SPAIN SP Gobierno Rioja, Fund Rioja Salud, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Amer Soc Rickettsiol DE Peru; ticks; spotted fever rickettsiae; phylogenetic analysis ID IDENTIFICATION AB Phylogenetic analysis of five rickettsial genes (17-kDa gene, gltA, ompB, ompA, and sca4) from two molecular isolates of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae from two ticks (Amblyomma maculatum and Ixodes boliviensis) collected from two domestic horses living in two separate locations in northern Peru (Coletas and Naranjo) was conducted to more clearly characterize this recently reported novel spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia. Following nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 17-kDa gene, gltA, ompB, ompA, and sca4, amplicons were purified, sequenced, and compared to those downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses of the Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae sequences generated from 17-kDa gene (483 bp), gltA (1185 bp), ompA (1598 lip), ompB (4839 bp), and sca4 (2634 bp) demonstrated that they aligned strongly with those of SFG rickettsiae. Moreover, the sequences of these five genes most closely aligned with the following rickettsiae: ompA: Rickettsia sp RpA4 (98.03%), R. sp DnS28 (97.90%), and R. rhipicephali and R. massiliae (97.11%); ompB: R. aeschlimannii (97.22%), R. rhipicephali (97.20%), and R. sp Bar 29 (97.10%); and sca4: R. massiliae (97.8%), R. rhipicephali, and R. slovaca (97.7%). These results from the additional phylogenetic analyses of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae confirm its inclusion within, and distance and uniqueness from, other known SFG rickettsiae. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM RichardsA@nmrc.navy.mil NR 5 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-600-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1063 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1196/annals.1355.054 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEE03 UT WOS:000236907200053 PM 16481537 ER PT S AU Beaubouef, T Petry, FE Ladner, R AF Beaubouef, T Petry, FE Ladner, R BE Slezak, D Wang, G Szczuka, M Duntsch, I Yao, Y TI Normalization in a rough relational database SO ROUGH SETS, FUZZY SETS, DATA MINING, AND GRANULAR COMPUTING, PRT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing (RSFDGrC 2005) CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2005 CL Univ Regina, Regina, CANADA HO Univ Regina DE normalization; functional dependency; rough sets; relational database; uncertainty ID SET TECHNIQUES; MODEL AB The rough relational database model was developed for the management of uncertainty in relational databases. In this paper we discuss rough functional dependencies and the normalization process used with them. Normalization is an important part of the relational database design process and rough normalization provides similar benefits for the rough relational database model. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Beaubouef, T (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, SLU 10506, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM tbeaubouef@selu.edu; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil; rladner@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28653-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2005 VL 3641 BP 275 EP 282 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCZ92 UT WOS:000232188600029 ER PT B AU Loup, DC Matteson, RC Gielen, AWJ AF Loup, DC Matteson, RC Gielen, AWJ BE Thomsen, OT Bozhevolnaya, E Lyckegaard, A TI Material characterization of PVC foam under static and dynamic loading SO Sandwich Structures7: Advancing with Sandwich Structures and Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Sandwich Structures CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Aalborg Univ, Aalborg, DENMARK SP Aalborg Univ, Inst Mech Engn HO Aalborg Univ DE PVC foam; nonlinear response; high strain rate response AB To Support the development of sandwich composite failure models, a series of material coupon tests were performed to characterize foam core material response Linder quasi-static and dynamic tension loading. Material stress-strain response was found to be highly nonlinear and dependent on the loading orientation relative to the axis of the foam sheet. At low to moderate strain rates, less than 150 sec(-1), tension strength and modulus were both increased and ultimate strain at failure decreased. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Loup, DC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3444-X PY 2005 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1007/1-4020-3848-8_8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BDF39 UT WOS:000233234700008 ER PT B AU Matteson, RC Carlsson, LA Aviles, F Loup, DC AF Matteson, RC Carlsson, LA Aviles, F Loup, DC BE Thomsen, OT Bozhevolnaya, E Lyckegaard, A TI On crack extension in foam cored sandwich fracture specimens SO Sandwich Structures7: Advancing with Sandwich Structures and Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Sandwich Structures CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Aalborg Univ, Aalborg, DENMARK SP Aalborg Univ, Inst Mech Engn HO Aalborg Univ DE crack extension; DCB; sandwich ID TOUGHNESS; KINKING; PANELS; BEAMS AB The crack propagation path in foam cored sandwich DCB specimen is analyzed using laminated beam analysis. The analysis determines whether the crack would propagate self-similarly or kink upwards or downwards, and the steady state position of the crack. Kink direction and crack propagation path predictions are in agreement with experimental observations. Fracture toughness data related to the various propagation paths is presented. The resistance curves recorded for various initial crack positions indicate some mixed mode influence on the toughness, with a minimum toughness in the range of 500-600 J/m(2) corresponding to pure mode 1. C1 NSWC, Marine Composites Branch, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Matteson, RC (reprint author), NSWC, Marine Composites Branch, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3444-X PY 2005 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1007/1-4020-3848-8_12 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BDF39 UT WOS:000233234700012 ER PT S AU Steed, CA Sample, J Harris, M Avera, W Bibee, LD AF Steed, CA Sample, J Harris, M Avera, W Bibee, LD BE Carapezza, EM TI AQS-20 Through-The-Sensor environmental data sharing SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE AQS-20; TTS; SPAWAR; RTP; NCW; BMW; NAVOCEANO; TEDServices; GDBV; NRL AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed an advanced architecture for connecting many maturing Through-The-Sensor (TTS) efforts for an end-to-end demonstration using the AQS-20 mine hunting sensor. The goal of TTS technologies is to exploit tactical sensors to characterize the battlespace environment for Navy Fleet Tactical Decision Aids (TDAs) with minimal impact on tactical systems. The AQS-20 Rapid Transition Process (RTP) will utilize the AQS-20 to demonstrate sensor data collection, processing, fusion, storage, distribution and use in a tactical decision aid. In recent years, NRL has shown that the AQS-20 can be used to obtain swath bathymetry and bottom sediment information in a single flight. In the AQS-20 RTP, these data will be processed and fused with historical databases to provide an improved environmental picture. The RTP will also utilize the Geophysical Data Base Variable resolution (GDBV) dynamic format for storing local datasets. The GDBV dynamic has been developed in prior years to provide an extensible, efficient data storage format for TTS systems. To provide the interconnectivity that is critical to Network Centric Warfare (NCW), the GDBV will be connected to the SPAWAR funded Tactical Environmental Data Services (TEDServices). To complete the flow of information from sensor to user, the RTP will transmit information to the MEDAL TDA through existing connections in The Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Bottom Mapping Workstation (BMW). In addition, TEDServices will handle transmission of the AQS-20 data to NAVOCEANO who serves as the domain authority for oceanographic datasets in the U.S. Navy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Steed, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Steed, Chad/0000-0002-3501-909X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.606327 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700005 ER PT S AU Blackmon, F Antonelli, L AF Blackmon, F Antonelli, L BE Carapezza, EM TI Remote, aerial, opto-acoustic communications and sonar SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE opto-acoustics; acousto-optics; underwater acoustic communications; sonar AB A remote, aerial, laser-based sonar and communications concept has been demonstrated to direct laser beams from the air onto the water surface to remotely generate and detect underwater sound. This forms the basis for a portable, aerial sonar and communications system for both detecting underwater objects such as vehicles and mines as well as for bidirectional acoustic communication between an in-air platform and a submerged platform operating at speed and depth. Two laser systems are required. The first laser system is a high-energy laser, the opto-acoustic transmitter, whose optical energy is converted to acoustic energy at the water surface. The second laser system is a laser interferometer, the acousto-optic sensor that detects underwater sound by measuring the vibrations of the water surface caused by the incident underwater sound field. Historically, acoustic transmitters and detectors need to be submerged to interact with the underwater environment. This remote, aerial, laser-based sonar and communication system presents a revolutionary change in the way sonar and communications can be realized, by remotely activating and detecting underwater acoustics from the air. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 800 EP 808 DI 10.1117/12.603323 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700083 ER PT S AU Freeman, D AF Freeman, D BE Carapezza, EM TI C3I standards for payload weaponry SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE weapon; standards; payload; unmanned AB Report progress of Payload Weaponry standards within the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Unmanned Systems Committee (AS-4) Weapons Payload Subcommittee. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Freeman, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1117/12.603683 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700088 ER PT S AU McCreedy, FP Sample, JT Ladd, WP Thomas, ML Shaw, KB AF McCreedy, FP Sample, JT Ladd, WP Thomas, ML Shaw, KB BE Carapezza, EM TI Searching and exploitation of distributed geospatial data sources via the naval research lab's geospatial information database (GIDB(TM)) portal SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE (C31) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY AND HOMELAND DEFENSE IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE GIS; GIDB; portal; search AB The Naval Research Laboratory's Geospatial Information Database (GIDB (TM)) Portal System has been extended to now include an extensive geospatial search functionality. The GIDB (TM) Portal System interconnects over 600 distributed geospatial data sources via the Internet with a thick client, thin client and a PDA client. As the GIDB Portal System has rapidly grown over the last two years (adding hundreds of geospatial sources), the obvious requirement has arisen to more effectively mine the interconnected sources in near real-time. How the GIDB Search addresses this issue is the prime focus of this paper. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM frank.mccreedy@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 906 EP 913 DI 10.1117/12.606179 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700094 ER PT B AU McMahon, MM AF McMahon, MM BE Arabnia, HR Reza, H TI Implementing multiple priorities in a publish-subscribe system for netcentric applications SO SERP '05: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice (SERP 05) CY JUN 27-29, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP CSREA, Int Technol Inst, World Acad Sci & Informat Technol, HPCwire, GRIDtoday DE publish-subscribe; netcentric applications AB There are many considerations when designing a publish-subscribe system, including the choice of the underlying implementation technologies, the configuration and deployment of applications and the types of subscriptions. Employing a publish-subscribe approach to network-centric (netcentric) applications with an underlying hub-and-spoke network architecture introduces additional considerations. The system may be distributed across multiple computers, in separate locations. Many publish-subscribe systems identify and fulfill different types of subscriptions, but do not address multiple priorities of messages. To handle multi-priority messages requires identifying application message types and defining their flow through the system to satisfy real- and near-real-time requirements. This paper discusses the design options when organizing a multi-priority publish-subscribe information distribution system, and explores the hypes of messages required to support netcentric applications using such a system. It then presents an initial implementation as proof of concept for the multi-priority publishing using Java technologies. Typical example applications are also discussed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-51-3 PY 2005 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BDY23 UT WOS:000236081000022 ER PT B AU Scrofani, JW Therrien, CW AF Scrofani, JW Therrien, CW BE Marcellin, MW TI A multirate approach to high-resolution image reconstruction SO Seventh IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing CY AUG 15-17, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev DE multirate; super-resolution; image reconstruction; optimal filtering AB The paper addresses the problem of reconstructing a high-resolution image from a set of observation images sampled at a lower rate and subject to additive noise and distortion. The method introduced here is based on our work in multirate optimal filtering, extended to two dimensions. The linear filters used for the reconstruction are periodically spatially-varying (in 2-D) and chosen so that their regions of support are closest to the point being estimated. Results are presented for images with additive white noise and compared to methods using interpolation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Scrofani, JW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-516-7 PY 2005 BP 538 EP 542 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDF42 UT WOS:000233235300101 ER PT J AU Ghoshal, A Martin, WN Schulz, MJ Prosser, WH Chattopadhyay, A AF Ghoshal, A Martin, WN Schulz, MJ Prosser, WH Chattopadhyay, A TI Simulation of asymmetric Lamb waves for sensing and actuation in plates SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS; COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; SENSORS AB Two approaches used for monitoring the health of thin aerospace structures are active interrogation and passive monitoring. The active interrogation approach generates and receives diagnostic Lamb waves to detect damage, while the passive monitoring technique listens for acoustic waves caused by damage growth. For the application of both methods, it is necessary to understand how Lamb waves propagate through a structure. In this paper, a Physics-Based Model (PBM) using classical plate theory is developed to provide a basic understanding of the actual physical process of asymmetric Lamb mode wave generation and propagation in a plate. The closed-form model uses modal superposition to simulate waves generated by piezoceramic patches and by simulated acoustic emissions. The generation, propagation, reflection, interference, and the sensing of the waves are represented in the model, but damage is not explicitly modeled. The developed model is expected to be a useful tool for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) community, particularly for studying high frequency acoustic wave generation and propagation in lieu of Finite Element models and other numerical models that require significant computational resources. The PBM is capable of simulating many possible scenarios including a variety of test cases, whereas experimental measurements of all of the cases can be costly and time consuming. The model also incorporates the sensor measurement effect, which is an important aspect in damage detection. Continuous and array sensors are modeled, which are efficient for measuring waves because of their distributed nature. C1 United Technol Res Ctr, Struct Integr Grp, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, NESB, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Ghoshal, A (reprint author), United Technol Res Ctr, Struct Integr Grp, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. EM anindo_ghoshal@yahoo.com; MartinWN@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil; mark.j.schulz@uc.edu; William.H.Prosser@nasa.gov; aditi@asu.edu NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 243 EP 271 PG 29 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 973EB UT WOS:000232504600001 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Nguyen, TH AF Smith, JF Nguyen, TH BE Kadar, I TI Distributed autonomous systems: resource management, planning, and control algorithms SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIV CY MAR 28-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE fuzzy logic; resource management; evolutionary computing; robotic control; distributed autonomous systems AB Distributed autonomous systems, i.e., systems that have separated distributed components, each of which, exhibit some degree of autonomy are increasingly providing solutions to naval and other DoD problems. Recently developed control, planning and resource allocation algorithms for two types of distributed autonomous systems will be discussed. The first distributed autonomous system (DAS) to be discussed consists of a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are under fuzzy logic control. The UAVs fly and conduct meteorological sampling in a coordinated fashion determined by their fuzzy logic controllers to determine the atmospheric index of refraction. Once in flight no human intervention is required. A fuzzy planning algorithm determines the optimal trajectory, sampling rate and pattern for the UAVs and an interferometer platform while taking into account risk, reliability, priority for sampling in certain regions, fuel limitations, mission cost, and related uncertainties. The real-time fuzzy control algorithm running on each UAV will give the UAV limited autonomy allowing it to change course immediately without consulting with any commander, request other UAVs to help it, alter its sampling pattern and rate when observing interesting phenomena, or to terminate the mission and return to base. The algorithms developed will be compared to a resource manager (RM) developed for another DAS problem related to electronic attack (EA). Ibis RM is based on fuzzy logic and optimized by evolutionary algorithms. It allows a group of dissimilar platforms to use EA resources distributed throughout the group. For both DAS types significant theoretical and simulation results will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5794-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5809 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1117/12.602075 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU81 UT WOS:000231336900007 ER PT S AU Mank, H Moisson, C Turover, D Twigg, M Saddow, SE AF Mank, H Moisson, C Turover, D Twigg, M Saddow, SE BE Nipoti, R Poggi, A Scorzoni, A TI Regrowth of 3C-SiC on CMP treated 3C-SiC/Si epitaxial layers SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2004 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comune Bologna, Giunta Reg Emilia Romagna, Prov Biologna, Univ Bologna, President Italian Consiglio Nazl Ric DE 3C-SiC; epilayer; (001)Si; chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP); regrowth AB In this work, we have investigated the 3C-SiC re-growth on planarized 3C-SiC epitaxial layers, grown on (001)Si, after the application of a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. A specific polishing process was developed for 3C-SiC to achieve a flat, high-quality surface. The interface between the deposited 3C-SiC and the polished 3C-SiC on Si film was studied by TEM characterization to determine if defects appear at this interface. It was observed that no additional defects were nucleated at the interface. The resulting re-grown film roughness, as a function of film thickness, was studied and is reported along with recommendations for future work. C1 NOVASiC, Savoie Technol, F-73375 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Mank, H (reprint author), NOVASiC, Savoie Technol, Arche Bat 4,BP 267, F-73375 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. EM hmank@novasic.com; cmoisson@novasic.com; dturover@novasic.com; twigg@estd.nrl.navy.mil; saddow@nnrc.usf.edu NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-963-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 483 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCB85 UT WOS:000228549600046 ER PT S AU Losee, PA Li, C Seiler, J Stahlbush, RE Chow, TP Bhat, IB Gutmann, RJ AF Losee, PA Li, C Seiler, J Stahlbush, RE Chow, TP Bhat, IB Gutmann, RJ BE Nipoti, R Poggi, A Scorzoni, A TI Electrical characteristics and reliability of 4H-SiC pin diodes fabricated on in-house grown and commercial epitaxial films SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2004 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comune Bologna, Giunta Reg Emilia Romagna, Prov Biologna, Univ Bologna, President Italian Consiglio Nazl Ric DE 4H-SiC; pin diode; stacking fault AB 4H-SiC pin diodes fabricated on epitaxial films grown in-house on various substrates along with devices fabricated on commercial epi-material are presented. Defects have been observed using electroluminescence imaging and are correlated with device electrical performance. Most diodes fabricated with in-house epi-layers up to 25μ m thick show relatively stable forward biased operation, although stacking fault propagation has been confirmed in all samples using electroluminescence imaging. Significant stacking fault propagation induced in the vicinity of testing probes has been observed and resulting design considerations are discussed. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Losee, PA (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM loseep3@rpi.edu; lic6@rpi.edu; seiler@tnetworksinc.com; stahlbush@nrl.navy.mil; chowt@rpi.edu; bhati@rpi.edu; gutmar@rpi.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-963-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 483 BP 961 EP 964 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCB85 UT WOS:000228549600229 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG Pocock, M Wimmer, SA Hogan, EA AF DeGiorgi, VG Pocock, M Wimmer, SA Hogan, EA BE Brebbia, CA DeGiorgi, VG Adey, RA TI Zonal ICCP system control interactions SO Simulation of Electrochemical Processes SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Simulation of Electrochemical Processes CY MAY, 2005 CL Cadiz, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Off Naval Res Global DE cathodic protection; ICCP system; zone interaction; control; polarization response AB To date much work has been done on modeling shipboard impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems. The emphasis has been on system performance: the systems' ability to maintain the hull at a constant potential value. Reported system design work has dealt mainly with anode number, anode placement, subdividing the overall system into power supply zones (anodes connected to a single power supply with a controlling reference cell) and reference cell placement. As electronic and hardware advances are incorporated into new ship designs the system control algorithms are evolving. In general, system control algorithms can range from simple one point feedback to complex multiple input-multiple-output that subdivide the structure into small regions. Multiple input-multiple-output systems provide the ability to fine tune in order to maintain uniform values throughout the structure. It has long been observed, both experimentally and on shipboard, that even simple ICCP systems with two or three power supply zones show zonal interactions. This work uses a model ship geometry, computational methods and experimental physical scale model results to further the understanding of the interaction between individual power zones on a typical shipboard ICCP system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 1-84564-012-8 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2005 VL 48 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCN91 UT WOS:000230346700002 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG Hogan, EA AF DeGiorgi, VG Hogan, EA BE Brebbia, CA DeGiorgi, VG Adey, RA TI Experimental vs. computational system analysis SO Simulation of Electrochemical Processes SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Simulation of Electrochemical Processes CY MAY, 2005 CL Cadiz, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Off Naval Res Global AB Computational and experimental methodologies are often seen as competing resources. This is unfortunate because in the evaluation of complex physical phenomenon often both methodologies are required to develop a complete understanding of the underlying basic science as well as an understanding of the system level behavior. Even though the title implies a contrasting of methods, this work will present how computational methods can be used to supplement experimental techniques and visa versa. Electrochemical corrosion is a complex natural phenomenon that has been studied for many years, however corrosion mechanisms as well as corrosion protection are still not completely defined. The prevention of ship hull corrosion is a major concern for the US Military and the commercial shipping industry due to the large monetary and long-term investment. This paper discusses the physical scale modeling (PSM), shipboard impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) design technique, how computational methods can be used to augment the design process and presents a number of experimentally determined factors that should be applied to present mathematical code development to improve the computational approach to cathodic protection system design. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 1-84564-012-8 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2005 VL 48 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCN91 UT WOS:000230346700004 ER PT S AU Krupa, M Lemeiux, EJ Lueng, A Hogan, EA DeGiorgi, VG Seelinger, A AF Krupa, M Lemeiux, EJ Lueng, A Hogan, EA DeGiorgi, VG Seelinger, A BE Brebbia, CA DeGiorgi, VG Adey, RA TI Polarization characteristics of geometrically confined spaces SO Simulation of Electrochemical Processes SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Simulation of Electrochemical Processes CY MAY, 2005 CL Cadiz, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Off Naval Res Global DE confined; gap; cathodic protection; corrosion; impressed current AB With the advent and application of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) systems to confined spaces, the ability of an externally controlled ICCP system to effect sufficient cathodic protection to internal components is questionable. This paper seeks to evaluate the ability of ICCP systems to provide adequate corrosion control for confined and sensitive surfaces. Both a boundary element and a physical model were utilized to understand the effects of current distribution within a confined space, through a 1,27 mm gap. Initially, tests were performed to quantify polarization levels in a simplified parallel plate configuration. Then more complicated geometries and materials were modeled to effectively evaluate real world scenarios. Previous tests have determined that adequate cathodic polarization is achieved for simple and complex geometries at the increased driving voltages experienced with sacrificial anode systems. The results of this work provide evidence that adequate cathodic protection may be provided at controlling potentials more electropositive to conventional galvanic cathodic protection system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Key West, FL 33040 USA. RP Krupa, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Key West, FL 33040 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4471 BN 1-84564-012-8 J9 WIT TRANS ENG SCI PY 2005 VL 48 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCN91 UT WOS:000230346700007 ER PT J AU Carr, W Yanagi, MA Salamat, JS Drummond, SA AF Carr, W Yanagi, MA Salamat, JS Drummond, SA TI PVT during MRI SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Educ & Training Compound, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 0964 BP A326 EP A326 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906101471 ER PT J AU Marchand, V Carr, W Phillips, BD Yanagi, MA Scholosser, AM Wong, RT Wetherell, LA Sausen, KP Drummond, SP AF Marchand, V Carr, W Phillips, BD Yanagi, MA Scholosser, AM Wong, RT Wetherell, LA Sausen, KP Drummond, SP TI Stronger REM and SWS recovery after sleep deprivation in long vs. short sleepers SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Educ & Training Command, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 442 BP A150 EP A150 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100444 ER PT J AU Yanagi, MA Sausen, KP Marchand, V Carr, W Paulus, MP Resovsky, K Drummond, SP AF Yanagi, MA Sausen, KP Marchand, V Carr, W Paulus, MP Resovsky, K Drummond, SP TI Prediction of inhibition performance during total sleep deprivation using stroop SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Vet Affairs San Diego Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Educ & Training Command, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 433 BP A146 EP A147 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100435 ER PT S AU Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Summers, E AF Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Clark, AE Summers, E BE Armstrong, WD TI Elevated temperature aging of stress annealed Fe-Ga transduction alloys with built-in uniaxial stress anisotropies SO Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Active Materials: Behavior and Mechanics SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2005 Conference CY MAR 07-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Sage Publicat, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, KAIST, Smart Infra Struct Technol Ctr DE Galfenol; FeGa; iron gallium alloys; actuators; tension; magnetostriction; stress annealing ID COMPRESSIVE STRESS AB The addition of Ga to b.c.c. Fe greatly increases the magnetostriction of Fe in the < 100 > directions (by a factor of 12 in Fe81Ga19). These Fe-based materials are mechanically tough and thus can be used under both compressive and tensile loading. The object of this study is to examine the effects of temperature aging on Fe81.6Ga18.4 alloys with built-in uniaxial stress anisotropies. To accomplish this, a transverse anisotropy was built into these positive magnetostrictive Fe-Ga (Galfenol) alloys by heat treatment under high compressive stresses. Annealing temperatures between 600 and 635 degrees C and compressive stresses between 100 and 219 MPa produced uniaxial anisotropies between 2 and 9 kJ/m(3). it is now possible to obtain magnetostrictions greater than 250 ppm over a broad range of stresses, extending from far into the compressive stress region through zero stress and into the tensile region. In this paper we examine the effect of aging at elevated temperatures on the built-in uniaxial anisotropy and magnetostriction of these alloys. Aging at 150 degrees C for 697 hours left the magnetostriction unchanged. At 200 degrees C most of the uniaxial anisotropy had disappeared after 525 hours. At 250 degrees C, about two-thirds of the uniaxial stress was lost after 168 hours and very little remained after 336 hours. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr, Caderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Warfare Ctr, Caderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5742-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5761 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.599881 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCN81 UT WOS:000230337500020 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, Y AF Aboul-Enein, Y TI What's in a name? SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Aboul-Enein, Y (reprint author), USN, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 10 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 882DG UT WOS:000225918200007 ER PT S AU Culhane, JL Harra, LK Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Watanabe, T Hara, H AF Culhane, JL Harra, LK Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Watanabe, T Hara, H BE Harra, LK Culhane, JL Harruson, RA TI The Solar-B EUV imaging spectrometer and its science goals SO SOLAR ENCOUNTER, SOLAR-B AND STEREO SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE sun; EUV; spectrometer ID FLARE; ARCADE; RECONNECTION AB The Solar-B mission includes an Extreme-UV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS). It detects photons in the ranges 170-210 and 250-290 angstrom which include emission lines from several highly ionised species that exist at temperatures log T = 4.7 5.6, 5.8, 5.9 and 6.0-7.3 K. In this paper, we will describe the design and operation of the instrument and present its performance parameters, e.g., spectral and spatial resolution and sensitivity. Preliminary results of recent calibration measurements will be described. Its role in the Solar-B mission will be illustrated with reference to several key science topics that the EIS is expected to address. The anticipated observing strategy for the first three months of the mission will be outlined. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM jlc@mssl.ucl.ac.uk OI Harra, Louise/0000-0001-9457-6200 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 8 SI 2005 BP 1494 EP 1502 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.106 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEC66 UT WOS:000236807600022 ER PT J AU Sylwester, J Gaicki, I Kordylewski, Z Kowalinski, M Nowak, S Plocieniak, S Siarkowski, M Sylwester, B Trzebinski, W Bakala, J Culhane, J Whyndham, M Bentley, R Guttridge, P Phillips, K Lang, J Brown, C Doschek, G Kuznetsov, V Oraevsky, V Stepanov, A Lisin, D AF Sylwester, J Gaicki, I Kordylewski, Z Kowalinski, M Nowak, S Plocieniak, S Siarkowski, M Sylwester, B Trzebinski, W Bakala, J Culhane, J Whyndham, M Bentley, R Guttridge, P Phillips, K Lang, J Brown, C Doschek, G Kuznetsov, V Oraevsky, V Stepanov, A Lisin, D TI RESIK: A bent crystal X-ray spectrometer for studies of solar coronal plasma composition SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION-LINES; ABUNDANCES; ATMOSPHERES; POTASSIUM; SATELLITE; SPECTRA; CALCIUM; SULFUR; ARGON AB We describe the RESIK (REntgenovsky Spektrometr s Izognutymi Kristalami) instrument, consisting of two double-channel X-ray spectrometers, designed to observe solar active region and flare plasmas. RESIK is one of the instruments making up the scientific payload of the Russian CORONAS-F solar mission. The uncollimated spectrometer uses two silicon and two quartz bent crystals observing flare, active region and coronal spectra in four wavelength bands with a resolving power (lambda/Delta lambda) of similar to 1000. The wavelength coverage, 3.3 - 6.1 angstrom, includes emission lines of Si, S, Cl, Ar, and K and in the third diffraction order, the wavelength range includes He-like Fe lines ( 1.85 angstrom) and Ni lines ( 1.55 angstrom) with dielectronic satellites, emitted during intense, hot flares. The instrument is believed to be the best calibrated space-borne crystal spectrometer flown to date. The spectrometer dynamically adjusts the data gathering intervals from 1 s to 5 minutes, depending on the level of solar X-ray emission at the time of observation. The principal aims of RESIK are the measurements of relative and absolute element abundances in the emitting plasma and the temperature distribution of plasma ( differential emission measure) over the temperature interval 3 and 50 MK. This paper summarizes the scientific objectives of RESIK and describes the design, characteristics, and performance of the instrument. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. NASA, Natl Res Council, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IZMIRAN, Moscow, Russia. RP Sylwester, J (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. EM js@cbk.pan.wroc.pl NR 32 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 226 IS 1 BP 45 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-6392-5 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 923FT UT WOS:000228895900004 ER PT S AU Swider-Lyons, KE Bussmann, KM AF Swider-Lyons, KE Bussmann, KM BE Knauth, P Masquelier, C Traversa, E Wachsman, ED TI Correlation of the charge storage and magnetic susceptibility of hydrous RuO2 SO Solid State Ionics-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid State Ionics CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA ID RUTHENIUM OXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; AEROGELS; DIOXIDE AB Hydrous RuO2 is a mixed metallic-protonic conductor that is used as a charge storage material in electrochemical capacitors and as an electrocatalyst. Previous structural analysis by Dmowski, et. al. has shown that RuO2 is a composite of ordered RuO2 nanoparticles that are surrounded by hydrous grain boundaries. In this paper, magnetic susceptibility (MS) is used to show that the hydrous RuO2 has both localized and delocalized electrons. The localized electrons are attributed to Ru3+ defects that decrease in concentration with decreasing water content. The delocalized electrons are represented by a temperature independent paramagnetic (TIP) component of the MS. The magnetic data is consistent with a structure having metallic nanoparticles whose electrons become more itinerant with decreasing structural water. We conclude that hydrous RuO2 stores charge analogously to double-layer capacitors in which charge is stored at the interface of the hydrous grain boundaries and the metallic nanoparticles, and that there is effectively no difference in the charge storage mechanisms of hydrous RuO2 and carbon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6171, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-783-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 835 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BCG08 UT WOS:000229184100009 ER PT S AU Bowman, SR Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Jenkins, NS Bluiett, AG Ganem, J AF Bowman, SR Condon, NJ O'Connor, S Jenkins, NS Bluiett, AG Ganem, J BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK TI Growth and characterization of direct mid-IR laser materials SO Solid State Lasers XIV: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIV CY JAN 24-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA ID EMISSION PROPERTIES; CRYSTALS; TRICHLORIDE; KPB2CL5 AB Rare earth doped ternary lead salts are being studied for use as mid-IR laser materials. We summarize progress at the Naval Research Labs on the production and evaluation of this important class of solid-state laser. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Condon, Nicholas/C-7171-2009 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5681-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5707 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1117/12.597781 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCH85 UT WOS:000229339100017 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Lara, A Manoharan, PK Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Lara, A Manoharan, PK Howard, RA TI An empirical model to predict the 1-AU arrival of interplanetary shocks SO SPACE WEATHER SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE space weather; interplanetary shocks; predicting interplanetary shock arrival; coronal mass ejections ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ACCELERATION AB We extend the empirical coronal mass ejection (CME) arrival model of Gopalswamy et al. [Gopalswamy, N. et al. Predicting the 1-AU arrival times of coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29207, 2001] to predict the 1-AU arrival of interplanetary (IP) shocks. A set of 29 IP shocks and the associated magnetic clouds observed by the Wind spacecraft are used for this study. The primary input to this empirical shock arrival model is the initial speed of white-light CMEs obtained using coronagraphs. We use the gas dynamic piston-shock relationship to derive the ESA model which provides a simple means of obtaining the 1-AU speed and arrival times of interplanetary shocks using CME speeds. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 695, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM n_gopalswamy@yahoo.com RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Lara, Alejandro/0000-0001-6336-5291; Manoharan, Periasamy K/0000-0003-4274-211X NR 13 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 12 SI 2005 BP 2289 EP 2294 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.07.014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDS48 UT WOS:000235183100008 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Andrews, J Wilcox, CC Payne, DM AF Restaino, SR Andrews, J Wilcox, CC Payne, DM BE Tchoryk, P Holz, B TI Use of MEMs for active and adaptive optics SO Spaceborne Sensors II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spaceborne Sensors II CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Optech Inc DE MEM; adaptive optics; waveftont compensation AB Adaptive optics techniques have been proved in both laboratory and field tests to the satisfaction especially of the astronomical and surveillance communities. Such success have sparked interests in other fields, however, to increase efficiency and lower costs new technologies have to be brought to fruition. MEMs are becoming a very important player in this arena. In this paper we describe a portable adaptive optics (AO) system that has been tested in both laboratory and field experiments. Results of these tests will be discussed. Capabilities and shortcomings of this technology will be discussed. A look at future applications and trends will be given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Core 7215,4550 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5783-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5798 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.605973 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BCR83 UT WOS:000230974000020 ER PT S AU Trask, AJ Hope, AS AF Trask, AJ Hope, AS BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Primer vector theory for optimal relative waypoint flying SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB A method is developed to generate optimal impulsive maneuvers to fly between multiple waypoints relative to a reference spacecraft using Primer Vector Theory and the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire relative equations of motion. Equations describing the primer vector history between waypoints; are derived and applied to example trajectories to check for optimality. Non-optimal maneuvers are optimized by choosing to change time of flight between waypoints, adding midcourse maneuvers, or relaxing velocity constraints at the waypoints. Optimal trajectories are found using the Differential Evolution algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Appl Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trask, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Appl Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 1631 EP 1640 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444901030 ER PT S AU Segerman, AM Akins, KA AF Segerman, AM Akins, KA BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Range bias modeling for satellite catalog maintenance SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB High-precision orbit determination routines typically account for time-varying range observation biases. They generally accomplish this by treating the range bias during each overhead pass as a fit parameter. Such fitting of range bias parameters, on a pass-by-pass basis, has been added to a satellite catalog maintenance software package, intended for use with large amounts of observational data for many satellites. Statistics are presented, indicating the extent to which this process affects the overall maintenance effort, both in terms of accuracy as well as computation time. C1 USN, Res Lab, AT&T Govt Solut, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Segerman, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, AT&T Govt Solut, Code 8233,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 2065 EP 2078 PN 1-3 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444901057 ER PT S AU Hope, AS Middour, JW Simons, JM Davis, MA Fein, J AF Hope, AS Middour, JW Simons, JM Davis, MA Fein, J BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Establishment and validation of the NRL one-meter telescope position SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Naval Research Laboratory is operating a new Satellite Laser Ranging facility near Quantico, Virginia. This paper describes a novel technique to establish the position of the facility with respect to the International Terrestial Reference Frame. The one-meter aperture telescope is located approximately 74 km south of a fundamental geodetic reference used to define and realize the ITRF2000 coordinate system. The precise tie establishes the absolute spatial relationship between the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centers's MOBLAS7 laser ranging system telescope and the NRL one-meter telescope and defines the absolute position of the NRL telescope in the ITRF2000. The various datasets used to establish the location of the NRL facility are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hope, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Code 8103, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 2117 EP 2131 PN 1-3 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444901060 ER PT S AU Coffey, S Akins, K Zedd, M Kelm, B Summers, B Segerman, A Hoots, F Pierce, G Cox, T Hadley, H AF Coffey, S Akins, K Zedd, M Kelm, B Summers, B Segerman, A Hoots, F Pierce, G Cox, T Hadley, H BE Vallado, DA Gabor, MJ Desai, PN TI The validation of SimFence - A simulation of the Air Force Space Surveillance System SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2005, Vol 120, Pts 1 and 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 15th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL Copper Mt, CO SP AAS, AIAA AB This paper presents results on the validation of a simulation, SimFence, of the Air Force Space Surveillance System (AFSSS). SimFence simulates observations of the AFSSS VHF radars and the processing of the observations into orbit updates. The validation is based on comparisons of simulated observations to actual observations for I I Satellite Laser Ranging Satellites. The observations are constructed from either of two radar sensor models. Our paper outlines the validation procedures and demonstrates that SimFence produces observations very nearly the same as the real system. SimFence's subsequent processing of the simulated observations into orbit updates closely duplicates the real updates that are performed at Dahlgren, VA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coffey, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-520-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 120 BP 347 EP 366 PN 1-2 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BCU60 UT WOS:000231281700021 ER PT J AU Saprigin, AV Thomas, CW Dulcey, CS Patterson, CH Spector, MS AF Saprigin, AV Thomas, CW Dulcey, CS Patterson, CH Spector, MS TI Spectroscopic quantification of covalently immobilized oligonucleotides SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE DNA; aminosilane; self-assembled monolayer; XPS; infrared spectroscopy ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SILANE COUPLING AGENTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RAMAN; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; INFRARED-SPECTRA; MATRIX-ISOLATION; GLASS SURFACES; GOLD SURFACES; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS AB Quantitative determination of surface coverage, film thickness and molecular orientation of DNA oligomers covalently attached to aminosilane self-assembled monolayers has been obtained using complementary infrared and photoelectron studies. Spectral variations between surface immobilized oligomers of the different nucleic acids are reported for the first time. Carbodiimide condensation was used for covalent attachment of phosphorylated oligonucleotides to silanized aluminum substrates. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the surfaces after each modification step. Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of covalently bound DNA provides orientational information. Surface density and layer thickness are extracted from XPS data. The surface density of immobilized DNA, 2-3 (x10(13)) molecules cm(-2), was found to depend on base composition. Comparison of antisymmetric to symmetric phosphate stretching band intensities in reflection-absorption spectra of immobilized DNA and transmission FTIR spectra of DNA in KBr pellet indicates that the sugar-phosphate backbone is predominantly oriented with the sugar-phosphate backbone lying parallel to the surface, in agreement with the 10-20 Angstrom DNA film thickness derived from XPS intensities. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Spector, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM spector@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 61 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1002/sia.1999 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 888VW UT WOS:000226403300003 ER PT J AU Bongard, JE Hartsock, RW Stegbauer, WD Streich, FC Barnum, R Chang, EL Knight, DA AF Bongard, JE Hartsock, RW Stegbauer, WD Streich, FC Barnum, R Chang, EL Knight, DA TI Monofunctionalized tetraazacrowns for use in bioconjugation and catalysis SO SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY IN INORGANIC METAL-ORGANIC AND NANO-METAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cyclen; alkylation; cobalt ID CONTRAST AGENTS; COMPLEXES; MONO; CYCLEN AB Alkylation of 1,4,7,11-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) with 4-nitrobenzy] bromide, p-chloromethylbenzyl alcohol, 4-iodobenzyl bromide, or 4-vinylbenzyl bromide in acetonitrile gave N-monoalkylated cyclen ligands 1-4 in 38-60% yield. Compounds 3 and 4 reacted with cobalt chloride hexahydrate in methanol, followed by air oxidation and addition of HCl, gave cobalt complexes dichloro(N-(4-iodobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotetradecane)cobalt(III) chloride (5) and dichloro{N-(4-vinylbenzyl)1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotetradecane}cobalt(III) chloride (6) in 34-55% yield. Compounds 1-6 were characterized by H-1 NMR, ESI-MS, UV-visible, and IR spectroscopies. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Knight, DA (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6363 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM dakight@loyno.edu OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265; Streich Jr, Frederick/0000-0002-7549-424X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1553-3174 J9 SYNTH REACT INORG ME JI Synth. React. Inorg. Met.-Org. Nano-Metal Chem. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 9 BP 727 EP 731 DI 10.1080/15533170500302109 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 987UK UT WOS:000233542600011 ER PT B AU Daulton, TL AF Daulton, TL BE Gruen, DM Shenderova, OA Vul, A TI Nanodiamonds in the Cosmos - Microstructural and trapped element isotopic data SO Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci Affairs Div, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Russian Fdn Basic Res DE presolar nanodiamonds; meteoritic nanodiamonds; star dust; circumstellar grains; CVD nanodiamonds; detonation soot nanodiamonds; twin microstructures; lonsdaleite; 2H polytype ID PRESOLAR DIAMONDS; NOBLE-GASES; INTERSTELLAR DIAMONDS; MURCHISON METEORITE; ORIGIN; GRAPHITE; GRAINS; NUCLEATION; ABUNDANCES; POWDER AB Interstellar molecular clouds exhibit infrared emission features characteristic of C-H stretching bands that are attributed to dust grains of hydrogen terminated diamond. Within our solar system, primitive chondritic meteorites (among the most well preserved, least altered, and least metamorphosed material that initially formed in our solar system) have been found to contain pristine dust grains that predate the formation of the solar system. Nanometer-sized diamonds are ubiquitous in primitive chondrites at 1-1400 ppm, often representing a significant component of carbon in the matrices of these meteorites. The astronomical sources, which produced the nanodiamonds, and the relative contribution of the sources to the nanodiamond population have not been fully established. The presence of trapped Xe with specific isotopic anomalies (characteristic of explosive nucleosynthesis) in nanodiamond isolates from meteorites suggests at least a subpopulation of the nanodiamonds formed in association with supernovae. However, all attempts to isolate that subpopulation have failed and the exact nature of the Xe carriers is not known. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) carbon stars are a likely source of presolar nanodiamonds based on their pervasive dust production, however the available isotopic evidence can neither support nor eliminate AGB stars as sources. Similarly, the solar nebula should not be neglected as a possible source since the available isotopic evidence cannot exclude it. Regardless of source, comparative microstructural studies indicate the majority of the nanodiamonds formed by low-pressure vapor condensation. Microstructural and trapped element isotopic data on meteoritic nanodiamonds are discussed in terms of the origin and formation mechanisms of the nanodiamonds. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Daulton, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3320-6 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2005 VL 192 BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BCP62 UT WOS:000230594500005 ER PT S AU Bender, B Pan, MJ AF Bender, B Pan, MJ BE WongNg, W Goyal, A Guo, R Bhalla, AS TI The effect of processing conditions on the dielectric properties of lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate ceramics SO SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF PEROVSKITE-BASED MATERIALS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O3; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A compositional series of lead magnesium mobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) relaxer ferroelectrics have been produced via attrition milling and the columbite precursor method. Fine pure reactive PMN-PT powders were fabricated using careful processing. Sintering at 1200 degrees C led to the fort-nation of dense, phase pure, large-grained PMN-PT ceramics with high permittivity. Thermal annealing in flowing oxygen at 900 degrees C optimized the dielectric properties of the PMN-PT ceramics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6351, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-190-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 169 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BBR78 UT WOS:000227471800010 ER PT S AU Pan, MJ Lanagan, M Bender, BA Cheng, CT AF Pan, MJ Lanagan, M Bender, BA Cheng, CT BE WongNg, W Goyal, A Guo, R Bhalla, AS TI High energy density ferroelectric glass-ceramics SO SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF PEROVSKITE-BASED MATERIALS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB In this study we examined the feasibility of using glass-ceramics with ferroelectric precipitates as high energy density dielectric materials. Specific goals were to demonstrate: 1) the formability of ferroelectric particles inside a glass matrix, 2) high dielectric constant and breakdown strength of glass-ceramics, and 3) improved energy density. Three glasses with network former (Si, Al, and B) content as low as 20 wt% was successfully formed using splash-quenching. After the crystallization temperature of each composition was determined by differential thermal analysis, a series of heat treatment were performed. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the formation of the appropriate ferroelectric phase (barium titanate for two compositions and barium strontium niobate for the third). The dielectric constant of the heat-treated samples can be Lip to 300 and the dielectric breakdown strength up to 800 kV/cm. Correspondingly, the projected energy density is 6-8 joules/c.c., an order of magnitude higher than commercial ceramic dielectrics. C1 USN, Nova Res Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pan, MJ (reprint author), USN, Nova Res Inc, Code 6350,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-190-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 169 BP 187 EP 193 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BBR78 UT WOS:000227471800018 ER PT J AU Davis, MC AF Davis, MC TI Convenient preparation of diethyl (2-thienyl)methanephosphonate SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Arbuzov; chlorination; phosphite AB This article describes a convenient preparation of diethyl (2-thienyl)methanephosphonate in 88% overall yield. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 15 BP 2079 EP 2083 DI 10.1081/SCC-200066689 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 952FI UT WOS:000230989000011 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Chafin, AC Sathrum, AJ AF Davis, MC Chafin, AC Sathrum, AJ TI Convenient preparation of N,N '-diphenyl-N,N '-bis(4-aminopheny1)-p- phenylenediamine SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; reduction; SNAr ID ACIDITIES; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE; EQUILIBRIUM AB This article describes modified conditions to prepare N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'bis(4-aminophenyl)-P-phenylenediamine in 60% overall yield. C1 USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Naval Air Engineer & Sci Dev Program,Air Warfare, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Naval Air Engineer & Sci Dev Program,Air Warfare, Code 498220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 15 BP 2085 EP 2090 DI 10.1081/SCC-200066693 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 952FI UT WOS:000230989000012 ER PT J AU Duddu, R Dave, PR Damavarapu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R AF Duddu, R Dave, PR Damavarapu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R TI Hydrogenolytic denitration of polynitro compounds SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE cyclobutane; hexaazaisowurtzitane; hydrogenation; nitro compounds ID 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE AB Results of the hydrogenation of 1, 1,3,3-tetranitrocyclobutane and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane are described. C1 Geo Ctrs Inc, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Duddu, R (reprint author), Geo Ctrs Inc, ARDEC, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM rduddu@pica.army.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 20 BP 2709 EP 2714 DI 10.1080/00397910500214425 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 980IZ UT WOS:000233013500014 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI TAIWAN'S SECURITY History and prospects INTRODUCTION SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 1 EP + PG 15 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600002 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI TAIWAN'S SECURITY History and prospects PREFACE SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 301 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP IX EP + PG 16 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600001 ER PT J AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI HISTORY OF TAIWAN'S MILITARY SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 13 EP + PG 25 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600003 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI THREAT TO TAIWAN'S SECURITY SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 32 EP + PG 26 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600004 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI DEFENSE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 52 EP + PG 24 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600005 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI PERSONNEL SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 72 EP + PG 22 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600006 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI TAIWAN ARMY SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 91 EP + PG 17 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600007 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI TAIWAN AIR FORCE SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 105 EP + PG 18 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600008 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI TAIWAN NAVY SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 119 EP + PG 21 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600009 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN TAIWAN SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 135 EP + PG 22 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600010 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI A LOOK AHEAD SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 152 EP + PG 22 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600011 ER PT B AU Cole, BD AF Cole, Bernard D. BA Cole, BD BF Cole, BD TI TAIWAN'S SECURITY History and prospects CONCLUSION SO TAIWAN'S SECURITY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS SE Asian Security Studies LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cole, BD (reprint author), USN, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI NEW YORK PA 29 W 35TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA BN 978-0-203-01833-0 J9 ASIAN SECUR STUD PY 2005 BP 169 EP + PG 21 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BMG01 UT WOS:000272243600012 ER PT B AU Dutta, I Pan, D Jadhav, S AF Dutta, I Pan, D Jadhav, S BE Ernst, LJ Zhang, GQ Rodgers, P Marco, S Meuwissen, M Leger, ODS TI Impression creep testing and microstructurally adaptive creep modeling of lead free solder interconnects SO Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Micro-Electronics and Micro-Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Micro-Electronics and Micro-Systems CY APR 18-20, 2005 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP IEEE, CMPT, IZM, Nokia Corp, Philips Ctr Ind Technol, Robert Bosch GmbH ID GRAIN-GROWTH; KINETICS; JOINTS; ALLOY AB Creep plays an important role in the reliability of solder joints under thermo-mechanical fatigue conditions encountered by a microelectronic package during service. In addition, the fine intermetallic precipitates (Ag3Sn and/or CU6Sn5) in the microstructures of the new lead-free solders (Sn-Ag and Sn-Ag-Cu) can undergo significant in situ strain-enhanced coarsening during TMC, resulting in in-service evolution of the creep behavior of the joints. Since there are significant microstructural/compositional differences between bulk solder samples and tiny microelectronic solder joints, it is critical to develop accurate creep testing methodologies on tiny life-sized solder joints and microstructurally adaptive constitutive creep models for the emerging Pb-free solder alloys. In this paper, we present creep data obtained from tests conducted on individual Sn4Ag0.5Cu ball grid array (BGA) solder balls attached to a packaging substrate, using a newly developed miniaturized impression creep apparatus, which affords high test throughput with minimal sample preparation. Coarsening of intermetallic particles is demonstrated to influence creep behavior in two ways. At low stresses, the creep rate increases proportionately with precipitate size. At high stresses, precipitate coarsening influences creep response by altering the threshold stress for particle-limited creep. Based on the experimental observations, a microstructurally adaptive creep model, which accounts for the effects of coarsening on the creep response of solder joints, and is capable of adjusting itself as solder joint microstructures evolve during service, is presented, along with experimental determination of the relevant coarsening kinetics parameters. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astron Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astron Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9062-8 PY 2005 BP 641 EP 647 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BCO38 UT WOS:000230406800102 ER PT B AU Archer, M AF Archer, M GP IEEE TI Tutorial - Making PVS do what you want SO Third ACM & IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUL 11-14, 2005 CL Verona, ITALY SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc DATC, ARTIST2, INRIA, NSF C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Archer, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9227-2 PY 2005 BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCY72 UT WOS:000231876600007 ER PT B AU Jeffords, R Bharadwaj, R AF Jeffords, R Bharadwaj, R GP IEEE TI Extended abstract: Formal verification of architectural patterns in support of dependable distributed systems SO THIRD ACM & IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS AND MODELS FOR CO-DESIGN, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUL 11-14, 2005 CL Verona, ITALY SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc DATC, ARTIST2, INRIA, NSF DE architectural patterns; dependable software; component-based development; formal verification C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC USA. EM jeffords@itd.nrl.navy.mil; ramesh@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9227-2 PY 2005 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCY72 UT WOS:000231876600028 ER PT B AU Leonard, E Archer, M AF Leonard, E Archer, M GP IEEE TI Extended abstract: Organizing automaton specifications to achieve faithful representation SO Third ACM & IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design CY JUL 11-14, 2005 CL Verona, ITALY SP ACM SIGDA, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc DATC, ARTIST2, INRIA, NSF C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leonard, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9227-2 PY 2005 BP 245 EP 246 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BCY72 UT WOS:000231876600029 ER PT B AU McDermott, J AF McDermott, J BE Cole, JL Wolthusen, SD TI Attack-potential-based survivability modeling for high-consequence systems SO THIRD IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION ASSURANCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Information Assurance CY MAR 23-24, 2005 CL College Pk, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc, TF Informat Assurance, ACM SIGSAC AB Previous quantitative models of security or survivability have been defined on a range of probable intruder behavior This measures survivability as a statistic such as mean time to breach. This kind of purely stochastic quantification is not suitable for high-consequence systems. For high-consequence systems the quantified survivability should be based on the most competent intruders the system is likely to face. We show how to accomplish this with a contingency analysis based on variations in intruder attack-potential. The quantitative results are then organized and presented according to intruder attack potential. Examples of the technique are presented using stochastic process algebra. An interesting result for diverse replication is included in the examples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM John.McDermott@NRL.Navy.mil NR 24 TC 9 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2317-X PY 2005 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1109/IWIA.2005.4 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BBX94 UT WOS:000228294900010 ER PT B AU McEachen, JC Zachary, JM AF McEachen, JC Zachary, JM BE He, X Hintz, T Piccardi, M Wu, Q Huang, M Tien, D TI Real-time representation of network traffic behavior for enhanced security SO Third International Conference on Information Technology and Applications, Vol 2, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Information Technology and Applications CY JUL 04-07, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE NSW Sect, Univ Technol, FIT, Univ Technol, IICT DE intrusion detection; network diagnostics; statistical mechanics AB This paper presents a model for real-time network monitoring and anomaly detection that provides a holistic view of network conversation exchanges. We argue that monitoring and anomaly detection are necessary mechanisms for ensuring secure and dependable network computing infrastructure. The model for network traffic exchange is based on a modified Ehrenfest urn model and combines statistical physics and queuing theory to provide macrostate descriptions of complex networked systems when the exact microstate parameters of each element in the system precludes global understanding from first principles. The conversation exchange dynamics model for real-time network monitoring and anomaly detection is formally presented in this context as a system-driven data reduction model. The model induces a unique real-time visualization capability for network monitoring and detection of anomalous events. An implementation of the model and visualization capability is presented along with laboratory tests and successful detection of computer network attacks. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McEachen, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2316-1 PY 2005 BP 214 EP 219 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCQ25 UT WOS:000230664200040 ER PT S AU Liotta, PH AF Liotta, PH BE Vogtmann, H Dobretsov, N TI Critical geography - The strategic influence of water in Central Asia SO Transboundary Water Resources: Strategies for Regional Security and Ecological Stability SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Transboundary Water Resources - Strategies for Regional Security and Ecological Stability CY AUG 25-27, 2003 CL Novosibirsk, RUSSIA SP NATO AB This chapter assesses the geostrategic and geopolitical implications of water shortages in Central Asia and argues that resource scarcity or competition cannot be separated from other regional realities. On-again, off-again relation between Central Asian states, as well as the so-called war on terrorism, bear significant implications for the region. Thus, the convention of defining Central Asia as a grouping of five states is increasingly less relevant for policy making and sound strategic analysis. Central Asia is linked to the entire Caspian basin, the South Caucasus, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, and China's Xinjiang province. Equally, the long-term interests of Russia and the United States now play into the complex realities of Central Asia. Specifically regarding water shortages, a number of vulnerability issues involving so-called "non-traditional" security present serious long-term challenges to the stability of the region. The chapter argues that there are crucial differences between threats and vulnerabilities, distinguishes between the two, and suggests relevant policy applications for the Central Asian states. The analysis includes a review of theoretical models that have been proposed in research. Specifically, this review addresses what have been argued as "trigger mechanisms" that can unleash violent conflict, create socioeconomic disparity, and induce long-term insecurity, and provides possible pathways for geostrategic solutions and means to reduce water resource tensions. C1 USN, War Coll, Chair Econ Geog & Natl Secur, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Liotta, PH (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Chair Econ Geog & Natl Secur, 6686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-3080-0 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2005 VL 46 BP 169 EP 193 PG 25 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BCF03 UT WOS:000228994700014 ER PT S AU Salem, TE Porschet, D Bayne, SB AF Salem, TE Porschet, D Bayne, SB GP IEEE TI Thermal performance of water-cooled heat sinks: A comparison of two different designs SO Twenty-First Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium, Proceedings 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS, IEEE SEMICONDUCTOR THERMAL MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium CY MAR 15-17, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE, CPMT, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB As power electronic applications continue to switch higher levels of voltage and current in smaller-sized component packages, the resulting increase in power density requires efficient thermal management. This paper compares the thermal performance for operating a MOSFET on a water-cooled pole-arrayed heat sink versus a novel water-cooled microchannel heat sink. Details are presented on an innovative technique for determining the thermal capacitance modeling parameter for the heat sinks from experimental data. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Salem, TE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1065-2221 BN 0-7803-8985-9 J9 P IEEE SEMICOND THER PY 2005 BP 264 EP 269 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BBX51 UT WOS:000228259200040 ER PT S AU Owrutsky, JC Sando, GM Zhong, Q Baronavski, AP AF Owrutsky, JC Sando, GM Zhong, Q Baronavski, AP BE Kobayashi, T Okada, T Kobayashi, T Nelson, KA DeSilvestri, S TI Vibrational and rotational relaxation dynamics of anions in reverse micelles by ultrafast infrared spectroscopy SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XIV SE SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Niigata, JAPAN SP Opt Soc Amer ID ENERGY RELAXATION; AZIDE ION; WATER AB Vibrational energy and rotational relaxation times for triatomic anions in the water pools of reverse micelles (RM) were measured by ultrafast infrared spectroscopy. The dynamics are slower than in bulk water due to confinement effects. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 3-540-24110-8 J9 SPRINGER SERIES CHEM PY 2005 VL 79 BP 437 EP 439 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBW62 UT WOS:000228159300135 ER PT S AU Jurjens, J Fernandez, EB France, RB Rumpe, B Heitmeyer, C AF Jurjens, J Fernandez, EB France, RB Rumpe, B Heitmeyer, C BE Nunes, NJ Selic, B RodriguesDaSilva, A Alvarez, AT TI Critical systems development using modeling languages (CSDUML'04): Current developments and future challenges (Report on the Third International Workshop) SO UML MODELING LANGUAGES AND APPLICATIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Satellite Activities Conference on UML Modeling Languages and Applications CY OCT 11-15, 2004 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP SINFIC, Springer, Mentor Graph, IBM, ACM SIGSoft, IEEE Comp Soc, New Univ Lisbon, Turismo Lisboa, Object Management Grp AB We give a short report on the contributions to and some discussions made and conclusions drawn at the Third International Workshop on Critical Systems Development Using Modeling Languages (CSDUML'04). C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Informat, Munich, Germany. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jurjens, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Informat, Munich, Germany. RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; Rumpe, Bernhard/S-8216-2016; OI Rumpe, Bernhard/0000-0002-2147-1966; Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25081-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3297 BP 76 EP 84 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCD45 UT WOS:000228724000009 ER PT S AU Freeman, D Cox, C AF Freeman, D Cox, C BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Defeating swarm counter threat SO Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII CY MAR 29-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Cent Florida DE robot; swarm; squad; threat; counter threat; survivability; evasive; predictability; operational routes; operational lanes AB Under threat of attack, survivability depends on evasive maneuvers exhibited by a squad of robotic vehicles. Reduced venerability of the squad derives from interruption and redirection of repeated reactions. Exclusion of predictability in the selection of operational routes and lanes, whether preplanned or determined in-stride, renders swarm counter threats useless. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Freeman, D (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Panama City, 110 Vernon Ave, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5789-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5804 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1117/12.603633 PG 8 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BCS54 UT WOS:000231052500054 ER PT B AU Lucas, G AF Lucas, G BE French, PA Short, JA TI Defense or offense? The two streams of just war tradition SO War and Border Crossing: Ethics When Cultures Clash LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on War and Border Crossing - Ethics When Cultures Clash CY FEB, 2003 CL Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ SP SW Surg Soc HO Arizona State Univ C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBL INC PI LANHAM PA 4720 BOSTON WAY, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA BN 0-7425-4385-4 PY 2005 BP 45 EP 57 PG 13 WC Ethics; International Relations SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; International Relations GA BDC24 UT WOS:000232596700004 ER PT S AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC BE Tustison, RW TI History of development of polycrystalline optical spinel in the U.S. SO Window and Dome Technologies and Materials IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials IX CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE spinel; infrared window; ceramic; optical material; dome; transparent armor ID MAGNESIUM ALUMINATE SPINEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPARENT SPINEL; DOMES; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS; MGAL2O4; ALON AB Optical quality polycrystalline spinel (MgAl2O4) has been sought as a visible- and infrared-transmitting material since the 1960s because of its potential for transparent armor and durable sensor windows. Its physical properties were known from synthetic crystals available since similar to 1950 from Linde Air Products. In the late 1960s, methods to process powder into transparent, polycrystalline spine] were investigated at North Carolina State University, General Electric Co., AVCO, and Westinghouse, mainly with Government support. The leading figure in the development of polycrystalline spinel was Don Roy, who began work on spinel at Coors Ceramics around 1970, initially for transparent armor. In the late 1970s, both Coors Ceramics and Raytheon Research Division were funded to make spinel for the infrared dome of the Advanced Short-Range Air-to-Air Missile, an application that disappeared by 1980. In the late 1980s, there was another burst of activity when spine] was a candidate for the Stinger Missile. By 1990, Raytheon had dropped spinel and the material was spun off by Coors Ceramics to Alpha Optical Systems, whose technical effort was led by Don Roy. With low commercial sales potential for spinel, Alpha was dissolved in 1993. RCS Technologies took over a Government contract seeking 200-mm spinel domes for the Harrier aircraft, but this effort ended in 1996 and RCS was dissolved. In 1998, the Army enlisted TA&T to make spinel for transparent armor. Other potential applications appeared and TA&T received numerous Government development contracts. Demand for the still-unavailable spinel drew Surmet to begin development in 2002. In early 2005, spinel is under active development at TA&T and Surmet. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5771-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5786 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.609708 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BCR91 UT WOS:000230980400001 ER PT S AU Sullivan, RM AF Sullivan, RM BE Tustison, RW TI A historical view of ALON (TM) SO Window and Dome Technologies and Materials IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials IX CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida ID PHASE-RELATIONS; SPINEL; ALN-AL2O3; SYSTEM AB The aluminum oxynitride phase known as ALON (TM) is prepared as a ceramic with promising physical and optical properties for infrared transparent domes and windows. It was first reported in the late nineteen fifties. James McCauley of the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center (AMMRC) began work in the nineteen seventies that led to a firm foundation for understanding the phase diagram of AIN-Al2O3, which in turn led to the first transparent ceramic ALON (TM) samples. Technology transfer from the AMMRC to Raytheon Corporation resulted in further development of the material, which was qualified for missile dome applications. In the nineteen nineties a renaissance in interest in ALON (TM) occurred when ALON (TM) Composites were shown to have superior qualities as transparent armor. The first decade of the twenty first century has seen Surmet Corporation acquire ALON (TM) optical ceramic technology from Raytheon Company and transition the research and development technology to production. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Sullivan, RM (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5771-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5786 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.598031 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BCR91 UT WOS:000230980400002 ER PT S AU Bayya, SS Chin, GD Villalobos, G Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Bayya, SS Chin, GD Villalobos, G Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID BE Tustison, RW TI VIS-IR transmitting windows SO Window and Dome Technologies and Materials IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Window and Dome Technologies and Materials IX CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE BGG glass; spinel; vis-IR windows; domes; reconnaissance; low-cost ID GLASSES AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed two unique materials with excellent properties for various military and commercial applications in the UV-Vis-IR wavelength range. These materials are: an amorphous Barium Gallo-Germanate (BGG) glass and a polycrystalline Magnesium Aluminate Spinel. The BGG glass is made using traditional glass melting techniques, and was developed as a low cost alternative to the currently used window materials. Large prototype windows have been fabricated for a Navy reconnaissance program. BGG windows have been successfully tested for environmental ruggedness (MIL-F-48616) and rain erosion durability up to 300 mph. BGG glass is currently under development and evaluation for High Energy Laser (HEL) applications. A new process has been developed to sinter spinel to clear transparency with very high yields. This process has been used to make various sizes and shapes (flats and domes) and is readily scalable to industrial sizes to produce large windows & domes for various applications. NRL has also developed modified BGG glasses, which are compatible with Spinel and ALON substrates for bonding. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aggarwal, ID (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5771-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5786 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.1117/12.603753 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BCR91 UT WOS:000230980400028 ER PT B AU Kang, W Mao, ZQJ AF Kang, Wei Mao, Ziqiang John BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Horimoto, K TI Robustness of process controllers for semiconductor manufacturing SO WMSCI 2005: 9TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE feedback control; EWMA estimation; robustness; stability; and H-infinity gain ID RUN PROCESS-CONTROL; EXTENSIONS AB In this paper, we present a study on the robustness of two process feedback controllers based on EWMA estimation, which is widely used in semiconductor manufacturing. In the robustness study, we assume model mismatch and unknown disturbances. Two issues of robustness are addressed in this paper, namely the region of model mismatch in which a process feedback is stable; and the H-infinity gain of the controlled process from unknown noise to the system performance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-60-4 PY 2005 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BFQ01 UT WOS:000243687600045 ER PT B AU Hurlburt, GF AF Hurlburt, GF GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Development of the warfighting architecture requirements (War) tool SO WORDS 2005: 10th IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems (WORDS 2005) CY FEB 02-04, 2005 CL Sedona, AZ SP IEEE Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IFIP WG 10 4 Dependable Comp, OMG AB The Warfighting Architecture Requirements (WAR) tool extends the Department of Defense Architectural Framework (DODAF) to fill warfighting voids. It builds warfighting scenarios and documents Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) elements. WAR uses DoD task lists to build scenarios attributed by Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership, Personnel and Facilities (DOTHLPF). These data feed a growing ontology and are managed through an object oriented multiple inheritance structure. The WAR tool reach-back capability draws from existing distributed data sources. The task oriented WAR scenarios can be further defined in terms of timing, cost, function and constraints. Scenario data synchronize the DODAF required Operational, System, and Technical views. These data may be easily translated to Modeling and Simulation (M&S) and lend themselves to thin thread analysis across multiple scenarios. The highly scaleable, thin-client, web-based WAR tool is compliant with emerging DOD Net Centric Enterprise Services (NCES) as it contains semantic-web service elements. C1 USN, Air Warfarce Ctr, Aricraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Hurlburt, GF (reprint author), USN, Air Warfarce Ctr, Aricraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2347-1 PY 2005 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1109/WORDS.2005.27 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCQ72 UT WOS:000230786900012 ER PT S AU Laming, JM Dasgupta, A Hwang, U AF Laming, JM Dasgupta, A Hwang, U BE Smith, RK TI Open issues regarding ionization balance SO X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas - Theory, Experiment, and Observation CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA DE ISM : individual(Cassiopeia A)-supemova remnants-X-rays; ISM-ISM : abundances-atomic processes-accretion; accretion disks-line; formation ID DIELECTRONIC-RECOMBINATION; CASSIOPEIA-A; BLACK-HOLE; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; IONS; ACCELERATION; COEFFICIENTS; SUPERNOVAE AB We discuss some or our favorite open issues in ionization balance. In particular, we are concerned with steady-state ionization balance in the presence of thermal instability, and in time dependent problems. In both cases, having accurate rate coefficients for the ionization and recombination processes is crucial to modeling the plasma state correctly, since when instabilities are involved, small errors in input physics can translate to large errors in results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0259-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 774 BP 45 EP 55 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCS46 UT WOS:000231041800005 ER PT S AU Jacobs, VL Decaux, V Beiersdorfer, P AF Jacobs, VL Decaux, V Beiersdorfer, P BE Smith, RK TI K-Alpha emission spectra from non-equilibrium ionizing plasmas SO X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas - Theory, Experiment, and Observation CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA DE autoionization; radiative transitions; inner-shell-electron collisional excitation and ionization; X-ray spectra; equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasmas; electron-ion interactions ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS; BEAM ION TRAP; FE-XXV; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; RADIATIVE EMISSION; CHARGED IONS; RECOMBINATION; AUTOIONIZATION; TRANSITIONS AB K alpha X-ray emission spectra from highly charged Fe ions have been theoretically predicted using a detailed and systematic spectral model. Account has been taken of the fundamental atomic radiative-emission processes associated with inner-shell electron collisional excitation and ionization, as well as dielectronic recombination. Particular emphasis has been directed at extreme non-equilibrium or transient-ionization conditions, which can occur in astrophysical and tokamak plasmas. Good agreement has been found in comparisons with spectral observations on the EBIT-II electron beam ion trap at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We have identified spectral features that can serve as diagnostics of the electron density, the line-formation mechanism, and the charge-state distribution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390-2, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0259-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 774 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCS46 UT WOS:000231041800024 ER PT S AU Lee, JC Ravel, B AF Lee, JC Ravel, B BE Smith, RK TI Prospects for determining the grain composition of the interstellar medium with Chandra and Astro E2 SO X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: THEORY, EXPERIMENT, AND OBSERVATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas - Theory, Experiment, and Observation CY NOV 15-17, 2004 CL Cambridge, MA DE dust : XAFS; ISM; composition; ISM : dust composition; technique : solid state; X-rays : ISM; dust ID DUSTY WARM ABSORBER; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT; ABSORPTION-EDGE; IONIZED-GAS; ABUNDANCE; SPECTRUM; OXYGEN; IRON; MCG-6-30-15 AB The ability of high resolution X-ray spectroscopy to directly probe the grain composition of the ISM is discussed. Using experimental data taken at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, current and near-future mission prospects for (1) distinguishing gas from dust phase absorption, and (2) determining the chemical composition of interstellar grains, through the details of X-ray absorption fine structure is assessed. Details, in-depth discussions and complete references can be found in Lee & Ravel 2005 [8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Corros Chem & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Corros Chem & Engn, Code 6134, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0259-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 774 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCS46 UT WOS:000231041800029 ER PT J AU Braun, W Kaganer, VM Jenichen, B Tinkham, B Ploog, KH AF Braun, W Kaganer, VM Jenichen, B Tinkham, B Ploog, KH TI Surface dynamics of III-V semiconductors studied by in situ X-ray diffraction during molecular beam epitaxy SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE coarsening; molecular beam epitaxy; surface diffraction; equilibrium shape; crystal growth; semiconductors; synchrotron radiation ID RECONSTRUCTION; DIFFUSION; KINETICS; GROWTH; ISLAND; GASB AB We study the coarsening of two-dimensional crystalline islands on the (001) face of GaAs, InAs and GaSb after deposition at typical growth conditions in molecular beam epitaxy. The time-resolved island/pit size distributions are measured in situ using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and are analyzed together with the diffraction intensity oscillations during deposition. Whereas the deposition kinetics is similar for the three materials, they strongly differ in the coarsening. During coarsening, the mean correlation length grows proportional to t(n). GaAs shows coarsening exponents around n = 1 and an exponential island size distribution, in clear contrast to the behavior of InAs and GaSb, where we find coarsening closer to the expected Ostwald ripening behavior (n between 1/3 and 1/2) on InAs and extremely slow kinetics on GaSb. C1 Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Braun, W (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM braun@pdi-berlin.de NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2005 VL 220 IS 2-3 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1524/zkri.220.2.225.59138 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 906LW UT WOS:000227644200024 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Habasaki, J Leon, C Rivera, A AF Ngai, KL Habasaki, J Leon, C Rivera, A TI Comparison of dynamics of ions in ionically conducting materials and dynamics of glass-forming substances: Remarkable similarities SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionically conducting glasses; crystals and melts; glass-forming substances; dynamic properties ID NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NA BETA-ALUMINA; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; COUPLING MODEL; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION AB We consider many of the fundamental dynamic properties of ionically conducting glasses, crystals and melts and show there are analogues in the dynamic properties of glass-forming substances. These similarities suggest the dynamics of these two classes of complex systems are governed by the same physics. We also show within each class. the evolution of dynamics from short time to long times are principally governed by the stretch exponent of the Kohlrasuch function. which determines either the primary relaxation of glass-formers or the conductivity relaxation of ionic conductors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC, Dpto Fis Aplicada 3, Madrid 28040, Spain. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 83 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 219 IS 1 BP 47 EP 70 DI 10.1524/zpch.219.1.47.55017 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 888ZO UT WOS:000226413300004 ER PT B AU Hoffman, ME AF Hoffman, ME BE Aoki, T Kanemitsu, S Nakahara, M Ohno, Y TI Algebraic aspects of multiple zeta values SO Zeta Functions, Topology and Quantum Physics SE DEVELOPMENTS IN MATHEMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Zeta Functions, Topology and Quantum Physics CY MAR 03-06, 2003 CL Kinki Univ, Osaka, JAPAN HO Kinki Univ DE multiple zeta values; shuffle product; quasi-symmetric functions; Hopf algebra ID HARMONIC SERIES; HOPF-ALGEBRAS; SHUFFLES AB Multiple zeta values have been studied by a wide variety of methods. In this article we summarize some of the results about them that can be obtained by an algebraic approach. This involves "coding" the multiple zeta values by monomials in two noncommuting variables x and y. Multiple zeta values can then be thought of as defining a map (zeta : xi -> R from a graded rational vector space xi(0) generated by the "admissible words" of the noncommutative polynomial algebra Q (x,y). Now xi(0) admits two (commutative) products making ( a homomorphism-the shuffle product and the "harmonic" product. The latter makes xi(0) a subalgebra of the algebra QSym of quasi-symmetric functions. We also discuss some results about multiple zeta values that can be stated in terms of derivations and cyclic derivations of Q(x, y), and we define an action of QSym on Q(x,y) that appears useful. Finally, we apply the algebraic approach to relations of finite partial sums of multiple zeta value series. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hoffman, ME (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-9436-7596 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-24972-9 J9 DEV MATH PY 2005 VL 14 BP 51 EP 73 PG 23 WC Mathematics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BCL80 UT WOS:000229950200004 ER PT J AU Robeck, TR Monfort, SL Calle, PP Dunn, JL Jensen, E Boehm, JR Young, S Clark, ST AF Robeck, TR Monfort, SL Calle, PP Dunn, JL Jensen, E Boehm, JR Young, S Clark, ST TI Reproduction, growth and development in captive beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mondontidae; cetacean age and growth; testosterone; progesterone; captive cetaceans ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; WHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HARBOR-PORPOISES; BAY; METABOLITES; EXCRETION; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIOR; HORMONE AB Recent success propagating captive beluga has resulted from combined efforts by North American zoos and aquariums to manage disparate collections as a single population. This success has provided a tremendous opportunity to increase our understanding of beluga reproductive biology. Blood samples were collected on a weekly to biweekly basis from 23 female and 12 male beluga, ranging in age from 2-15 years, for analysis of serum progesterone (P) and testosterone (T), respectively. Peri-parturient observational data, including food intake, duration and signs of labor, and nursing patterns were collected from 15 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum during 21 births. Total body lengths and weights were collected from 10 captive-born beluga. For female beluga, the mean ( SD) age, body length, and weight at first conceptions were 9.1 +/- 2.8 years, 318.0 +/- 9.1 cm, and 519 +/- 84 kg. Thirty-five luteal phases and 13 conceptions were detected from January-June, and 70% of luteal phases and 80% conceptions occurred from March-May. The mean luteal phase and total estrous cycle lengths were 30.0 +/- 6.5 days and 48.0 +/- 4.6 days, respectively. For male beluga, the mean age that males sired their first calf was 13.3 +/- 2.6 years. Compared to younger males (< 8 years of age, 0.95 ng/ml), levels of T secretion in older males (> 8 years of age, 5.0 ng/ml) were elevated significantly only during the interval from January-April. Highest T concentrations (6.2 +/- 4.9 ng/ml) were recorded from January-March, whereas nadir concentrations (1.1 +/- 1.0 ng/ml) were detected from August-September. The mean gestation length was 475.0 +/- 20.4 days (n = 9). For parturition, the mean time from the first appearance of fluke or rostrum to delivery, delivery to placental passage, and delivery to nursing were 4.4 +/- 2.9 hr, 7.6 +/- 1.8 hr, and 43 +/- 45 hr, respectively. All cows had decreased food intake on the day of delivery, with 44% having zero intake. Peak 24-hr nursing activity occurred 3.9 +/- 2.7 days post-partum. Growth (i.e., body weight and length) as a function of age were well described by the Gompertz model (r(2) = 0.91, 0.93). Based on the model, growth in body weight and length were significantly greater in males compared to females. Predicted birth weight (88.9 kg) was similar for both sexes, however, and male calves were predicted to be shorter (154.3 cm) than female calves (160.7 cm). The results provide the first descriptions of captive beluga reproductive physiology, including endocrinology, peri-parturient behavior, growth, and reproductive maturity. This knowledge is important for helping to maintain genetically diverse, self-sustaining populations of captive beluga whales. C1 SeaWorld Texas, San Antonio, TX 78251 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. Myst Aquarium, Mystic, CT USA. USN Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA USA. John G Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL USA. Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Corp Zool Operat, Orlando, FL USA. RP Robeck, TR (reprint author), SeaWorld Texas, 10500 SeaWorld Dr, San Antonio, TX 78251 USA. EM Todd.Robeck@SeaWorld.com NR 47 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 9 U2 69 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 29 EP 49 DI 10.1002/zoo.20037 PG 21 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 903TL UT WOS:000227448400003 ER PT J AU Honrath, RE Owen, RC Val Martin, M Reid, JS Lapina, K Fialho, P Dziobak, MP Kleissl, J Westphal, DL AF Honrath, RE Owen, RC Val Martin, M Reid, JS Lapina, K Fialho, P Dziobak, MP Kleissl, J Westphal, DL TI Regional and hemispheric impacts of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions on summertime CO and O3 in the North Atlantic lower free troposphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE tropospheric ozone; North Atlantic; biomass burning ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; TROPICAL SOUTH-ATLANTIC; AMERICAN BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; AIR-POLLUTION; SURFACE OZONE AB [ 1] We report summertime measurements of CO and O-3 obtained during 2001 - 2003 at the PICO-NARE mountaintop station in the Azores. Frequent events of elevated CO mixing ratios were observed. On the basis of backward trajectories arriving in the free troposphere and global simulations of biomass burning plumes, we attribute nearly all these events to North American pollution outflow and long-range transport of biomass burning emissions. There was a high degree of interannual variability in CO levels: median [ CO] ranged from 65 ppbv in 2001 to 104 ppbv in 2003. The highest concentrations were associated with transport of Siberian fire emissions during summer 2003, when Siberian fire activity was unusually high. Ozone mixing ratios also increased ( by up to -30 ppbv) during the fire events. These findings demonstrate the significant hemispheric scale impact that biomass burning events have on background CO and O3 levels. O3 enhancements of similar magnitude were also observed in North American pollution outflow. O3 and CO were correlated during North American outflow events, with a slope averaging 1.0 ( d[O-3]/d[ CO], ppbv/ ppbv) when no fire impact was present. This slope is more than 80% larger than early 1990s observations made in the eastern United States and nearshore outflow region, even after accounting for declining U. S. CO emissions and for CO loss during transport to the Azores, and is not consistent with simple dilution of U. S. outflow with marine background air. We conclude that a significantly larger amount of O3 production occurred in the air sampled during this study, and we suggest several potential reasons for this, each of which could imply potentially significant shortcomings in current estimates of the hemispheric impact of North American emissions on tropospheric ozone and should be evaluated in future studies. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Azores, Grp Chem & Phys Atmosphere, PT-9701851 Angra Do Heroismo, Portugal. RP Honrath, RE (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM reh@mtu.edu RI Val Martin, Maria/D-6955-2011; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Fialho, Paulo/0000-0001-9137-3870 NR 69 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24310 DI 10.1029/2004JD005147 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885CG UT WOS:000226133900007 ER PT J AU Long, JW Logan, MS Rhodes, CP Carpenter, EE Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Logan, MS Rhodes, CP Carpenter, EE Stroud, RM Rolison, DR TI Nanocrystalline iron oxide aerogels as mesoporous magnetic architectures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL METHOD; RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; GAS SHIFT REACTION; SILICA AEROGEL; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC BEHAVIOR; GAMMA-FE2O3 NANOPARTICLES; PARTIAL OXIDATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ION BATTERIES; FE(III) SALTS AB We have developed crystalline nanoarchitectures of iron oxide that exhibit superpararnagne behavior while still retaining the desirable bicontinuous pore-solid networks and monolithic nature of an aerogel. Iron oxide aerogels are initially produced in an X-ray-amorphous. high-surface-area loan. by adapting recently established sol-gel methods using Fe(III) salts and epoxide-based proton scavengers. Controlled temperature/atmosphere treatments convert the as-prepared iron oxide aerocals into nanocrystalline forms with the inverse spinel structure. As a function of the bathing gas, treatment lamp temerature and treatment history, these nanocrystalline forms can be reversibly tuned to predominantly exhibit either Fe3O4 (magnetite) or gamma-Fe2O3 (maghemite) phases, as verified by electron microscopy, X-ray am electron. diffraction, microprobe Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic analysis. Peak deconvolution oil the Raman-active bands yields valuable information on the local structure and vacancy content of the various aerogel forms, and facilitates the differentiation of Fe3O4 and gamma-Fe2O3 components. which are difficult to assign using only diffraction methods. These nanocrystalline, magnetic forms retain the inherent characteristics of aerogels, including high surface area (>140 m(2) g(-1)) through-connected porosity concentrated in the mesopore size range (2-50 rim), and nanoscale particle sizes (7-18 nm). On the basis of this synthetic and processing protocol, we produce multifunctional nanostructured material with effective control of the pore-solid architecture, the nanocrystalline phase. and subsequent magnetic properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwlong@ccs.nri.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 88 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 12 U2 124 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 51 BP 16879 EP 16889 DI 10.1021/ja046044f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 882AI UT WOS:000225910400046 PM 15612727 ER PT J AU Inan, US Golkowski, M Carpenter, DL Reddell, N Moore, RC Bell, TF Paschal, E Kossey, P Kennedy, E Meth, SZ AF Inan, US Golkowski, M Carpenter, DL Reddell, N Moore, RC Bell, TF Paschal, E Kossey, P Kennedy, E Meth, SZ TI Multi-hop whistler-mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emissions excited by the HAARP HF heater SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOT PLASMA DISTRIBUTION; LOWER IONOSPHERE; WAVE INJECTION; ELF RADIATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; DIAGNOSTICS; GENERATION; POLAR AB [ 1] Modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF heater is used to excite 1-2 kHz signals observed on a ship-borne receiver in the geomagnetic conjugate hemisphere after propagating as ducted whistler-mode signals. These 1-hop signals are believed to be amplified, and are accompanied by triggered emissions. Simultaneous observations near (-30 km) HAARP show 2-hop signals which travel to the northern hemisphere upon reflection from the ionosphere in the south. Multiple reflected signals, up to 10-hop, are detected, with the signal dispersing and evolving in shape, indicative of re-amplification and retriggering of emissions during successive traversals of the equatorial interaction regions. C1 Stanford Univ, Star Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Whistler Radio Serv, Anderson Isl, WA 98303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL USBI, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DARPA Tact Technol Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Inan, US (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Star Lab, Packard Bldg,Rm 355,350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM inan@nova.stanford.edu NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 24 AR L24805 DI 10.1029/2004GL021647 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 885BY UT WOS:000226132900007 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Warren, S Plazek, DJ Roland, CM AF Robertson, CG Warren, S Plazek, DJ Roland, CM TI Reentanglement kinetics in sheared polybutadiene solutions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLED POLYMERS; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; SEGMENTAL STRETCH; LINEAR-POLYMERS; MOLTEN POLYMERS; CHAIN DYNAMICS; FLOW BEHAVIOR; STEADY FLOW; POLYSTYRENE AB Interrupted shear measurements were used to follow the reentanglement kinetics and associated molecular weight dependence for solutions of near-monodisperse polybutadiene (PB). The time-dependent recovery of the overshoot in the shear stress was measured for PB having weight-average molecular weights (M-w) equal to 61, 90, 107, and 167 kg/mol, corresponding to a range of 17-47 entanglements per chain in solution. The times for recovery of the stress overshoot were 1.5 decades longer (30 times greater) than the corresponding linear viscoelastic relaxation times, the latter determined from dynamic shear data or from stress relaxation following cessation of flow. Notwithstanding the differing time scales, the M-w dependences for entanglement recovery and linear viscoelastic relaxation were equivalent (power law exponent similar to 3.4). C1 Bridgestone Amer Ctr Res & Technol, Akron, OH 44317 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bridgestone Amer Ctr Res & Technol, 1200 Firestone Pkwy, Akron, OH 44317 USA. EM robertsonchristopher@bfusa.com; roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 26 BP 10018 EP 10022 DI 10.1021/ma048148g PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 882IP UT WOS:000225932900052 ER PT J AU Singh, A Lee, Y Dressick, WJ AF Singh, A Lee, Y Dressick, WJ TI Self-cleaning fabrics for decontamination of organophosphorous pesticides and related chemical agents SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ENZYMES; FILMS; ELECTROPHORESIS; IMMOBILIZATION; ADSORPTION; HYDROLASE AB Cotton threads bearing adsorbed branched polyethylenimine-organo-phosphorous hydrolase (BPEI/OPH) multilayers are woven into cotton cloth (CC) that actively hydrolyzes methyl parathion (MPT) in solution to p-nitro-phenol (PNP) over several weeks. These results form the basis for smart fabrics capable of remediation of environmental toxins. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asingh@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 23-24 BP 2112 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200400660 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 886KD UT WOS:000226225000008 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DF Kane, BE Thompson, PE AF Sullivan, DF Kane, BE Thompson, PE TI Weak localization thickness measurements of Si : P delta-layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SILICON; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS AB We report on our results for the characterization of Si:P delta-layers grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy. Our data show that the effective thickness of a delta-layer can be obtained through a weak localization analysis of electrical transport measurements performed in perpendicular and parallel magnetic fields. An estimate of the diffusivity of phosphorus in silicon is obtained by applying this method to several samples annealed at 850 degreesC for intervals of 0-15 min. With further refinements, this may prove to be the most precise method of measuring delta-layer widths developed to date, including that of secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sullivan, DF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 26 BP 6362 EP 6364 DI 10.1063/1.1842366 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 880JE UT WOS:000225785300014 ER PT J AU Glenn, S Arnone, R Bergmann, T Bissett, WP Crowley, M Cullen, J Gryzmski, J Haidvogel, D Kohut, J Moline, M Oliver, M Orrico, C Sherrell, R Song, T Weidemann, A Chant, R Schofield, O AF Glenn, S Arnone, R Bergmann, T Bissett, WP Crowley, M Cullen, J Gryzmski, J Haidvogel, D Kohut, J Moline, M Oliver, M Orrico, C Sherrell, R Song, T Weidemann, A Chant, R Schofield, O TI Biogeochemical impact of summertime coastal upwelling on the New Jersey Shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE coastal upwelling; phytoplankton; hypoxia ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; INNER SHELF; OCEAN; SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON; ATTENUATION; CALIBRATION; ABSORPTION; EVOLUTION AB The alternative hypothesis that observed regions of recurrent hypoxia on the New Jersey inner shelf are more related to coastal upwelling than riverine inputs of nutrients was investigated through a series of multidisciplinary research programs beginning in 1993. The largest variations in ocean temperatures along the New Jersey coast, other than seasonal, are found to be caused by episodic summertime upwelling events driven by southwesterly winds associated with the atmospheric Bermuda High. Off the southern coast of New Jersey, topographic variations associated with ancient river deltas cause upwelled water to evolve into an alongshore line of recurrent upwelling centers that are colocated with historical regions of low dissolved oxygen. Recurrent upwelling centers are observed every summer in a 9-year data set. The most significant upwelling events occur in summers following colder than usual falls and winters. Size and duration of individual events are correlated and are found to depend on the wind forcing history that effects the inner side of the Middle Atlantic Cold Pool, the precipitation history that effects the strength of the Hudson River plume, and the mixing storm frequency. Upwelling results in a significant enhancement of particulate organic carbon. The typical carbon enhancement associated with the upwelling is sufficient to deplete 75% of the oxygen in the bottom water, making it borderline hypoxic. This indicates that topographically controlled coastal upwelling, rather than riverine inputs, is the more probable mechanism for generating the historical regions of recurrent hypoxia observed along the New Jersey coast. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ocean Observat Lab, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Color Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Florida Environm Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33611 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Glenn, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ocean Observat Lab, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM oscar@imcs.marine.rutgers.edu NR 52 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 24 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C12 AR C12S02 DI 10.1029/2003JC002265 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 883PW UT WOS:000226027600001 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, GM Dahl, K Owrutsky, JC TI Vibrational relaxation dynamics of azide in ionic and nonionic reverse micelles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLAR SOLVATION DYNAMICS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; AEROSOL OT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ENERGY RELAXATION; WATER-POOL; RESTRICTED ENVIRONMENT AB Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy has been used to measure vibrational energy relaxation (VER) and reorientation times (T(r)) for the antisymmetric stretching band of azide ion (N(3)(-)) in several reverse micelle (RM) systems using cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants. RMs were formed using H(2)O for all surfactants and D(2)O for the anionic and cationic surfactants. The vibrational dynamics depended on the RM charge. The charge dependence is attributed to differences in ion location in the RM because of Coulombic interactions. The VER times in anionic (AOT, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) RMs are indistinguishable from those in bulk solution and T(r) times are longer only for the smallest RMs studied. In cationic (CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) RMs, VER and T(r) times are longer and weakly depend on the RM water content and water pool size. The results are attributed to the azide anion being attracted toward the RM wall when it is cationic and repelled into the bulklike center when it is anionic. VER times are also longer in small nonionic RMs (NP and Brij-30) but, unlike cationic RMs, approach bulk behaviour as the RM size is increased. Comparative studies are performed using mixtures of water and tri(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (TGE) in which the latter resembles the hydrophilic portion of the nonionic surfactants. The similar results for nonionic RMs and TGE/water mixtures provide evidence that water penetrates into and hydrates the poly-oxo chains in the nonionic RMs before a water pool is formed. The interfacial region in nonionic RMs include the poly-oxo chains, which appear to be hydrated, so that the boundary between the interface and the water core is less clearly defined than for the ionic RMs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 75 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 23 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 51 BP 11209 EP 11217 DI 10.1021/jp0463363 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 880OK UT WOS:000225798900007 ER PT J AU Englert, CR Harlander, JM Cardon, JG Roesler, FL AF Englert, CR Harlander, JM Cardon, JG Roesler, FL TI Correction of phase distortion in spatial heterodyne spectroscopy SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The detailed analysis of measured interferograms generally requires phase correction. Phase-shift correction methods are commonly used and well documented for conventional Fourier-transform spectroscopy. However, measured interferograms can show additional phase errors, depending on the optical path difference and signal frequency, which we call phase distortion. In spatial heterodyne spectroscopy they can be caused, for instance, by optical defects or image distortions, making them a characteristic of the individual spectrometer. They can generally be corrected without significant loss of the signal-to-noise ratio. We present a technique to measure phase distortion by using a measured example interferogram. We also describe a technique to correct for phase distortion and test its performance by using a simulation with a near-UV solar spectrum. We find that for our measured example interferogram the phase distortion is small and nearly frequency independent. Furthermore, we show that the presented phase-correction technique is especially effective for apodized interferograms. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. St Cloud State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Engn Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 36 BP 6680 EP 6687 DI 10.1364/AO.43.006680 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 882CP UT WOS:000225916500016 PM 15646788 ER PT J AU Atoyan, A Dermer, CD AF Atoyan, A Dermer, CD TI TeV emission from the Galactic center black hole plerion SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; black hole physics; Galaxy : center; plasmas; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; X-RAY FLARE; CENTRAL PARSEC; GALAXY; ACCELERATION; DIRECTION; SPECTRUM; RADIO; MODEL AB The HESS (High Energy Stereoscopic System) collaboration recently reported highly significant detection of TeV gamma-rays coincident with Sgr A*. In the context of other Galactic center (GC) observations, this points to the following scenario: In the extreme advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) regime of the GC black hole (BH), synchrotron radio/submillimeter emission of similar to100 MeV electrons emanates from an inefficiently radiating turbulent magnetized corona within 20R(S) (Schwarzschild radii) of the GCBH. These electrons are accelerated through second-order Fermi processes by MHD turbulence, as suggested by Liu et al. Closer to the innermost stable orbit of the ADAF, instabilities and shocks within the flow inject power-law electrons through first-order Fermi acceleration to make synchrotron X-ray flares observed with Chandra, XMM, and INTEGRAL. A subrelativistic MHD wind subtending an similar to1 sr cone with power greater than or similar to10(37) ergs s(-1) is driven by the ADAF from the vicinity of the GCBH. As in pulsar-powered plerions, electrons are accelerated at the wind termination shock at greater than or similar to10(16.5) cm from the GCBH, and Compton-scatter the ADAF and the far-infrared dust radiation to TeV energies. The synchrotron radiation of these electrons forms the quiescent X-ray source resolved by Chandra. The radio counterpart of this TeV/X-ray plerion, formed when the injected electrons cool on timescales of greater than or similar to10(4) yr, could explain the origin of nonthermal radio emission in the parsec-scale bar of the radio nebula Sgr A West. C1 Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Atoyan, A (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, CP 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM atoyan@crm.umontreal.ca; dermer@gamma.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 2 BP L123 EP L126 DI 10.1086/427390 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 882VT UT WOS:000225968400008 ER PT J AU Buzorius, G McNaughton, CS Clarke, AD Covert, DS Blomquist, B Nielsen, K Brechtel, FJ AF Buzorius, G McNaughton, CS Clarke, AD Covert, DS Blomquist, B Nielsen, K Brechtel, FJ TI Secondary aerosol formation in continental outflow conditions during ACE-Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nucleation; atmospheric turbulence; hygroscopicity; chemical composition ID PARTICLE FORMATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; SIZE; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; DELIQUESCENCE; EVOLUTION; KOREA; DUST AB Ground-based aerosol size distribution measurements at the Gosan, Korea, sampling site during ACE-Asia showed occasionally elevated concentrations of nucleation mode aerosol particles, with subsequent growth to the Aitken mode. Similar results from aircraft and ship-based measurements at around the same time indicated that at least one event exhibited a broad spatial extent. One of the most pronounced events, with total number concentrations of particles as high as 10(5) cm(-3), occurred on 12 April at the same time as a large dust event, when the total aerosol surface area of particles with diameters less than 10 mum was increase by a factor of 1.7 compared to the average value for the study. Aircraft data showed layers of enlarged SO2 concentration coinciding with an increased aerosol total number concentration, with the highest detected SO2 concentration being 12 ppbv and aerosol number concentration reaching 8 x 10(4) cm(-3) at 800 m altitude. Aircraft data showed that newly formed particles and dust were stratified in different layers in marine environment and transported to the surface close to the island. Atmospheric thermodynamic data suggested that particles were formed above the marine boundary layer and transported by vertical mixing toward the surface as a result of a 3 K north-to-south increase in the sea surface temperature. This temperature increase changed atmosphere stratification from stable to neutral/slightly unstable and deepened the internal mixed layer from below 300 m to above 800 m altitude. Measured hygroscopic properties of nucleation mode aerosol particles were consistent with those of ammonium sulfate particles. Here we reported a novel case study of tropospheric aerosol formation identifying particle chemical composition of nucleation mode aerosols in real time by measuring their water uptake properties. Then we demonstrated that particles formed in a layer aloft and were transported to the ground site by growth of the mixed boundary layer while nucleation was chemically induced and did not require turbulent mixing. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies,CIRPAS, Dept Res, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. RP Buzorius, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies,CIRPAS, Dept Res, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. EM gbuzoriu@nps.navy.mil NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D24 AR D24203 DI 10.1029/2004JD004749 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881QJ UT WOS:000225882500001 ER PT J AU Russell, M Pool, V Kelso, JA Tomazic-Jezic, VJ AF Russell, M Pool, V Kelso, JA Tomazic-Jezic, VJ TI Vaccination of persons allergic to latex: a review of safety data in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE natural dry rubber latex; allergy or hypersensitivity; vaccination ID VIAL CLOSURES; ANAPHYLAXIS; SYRINGES; RISK AB Vaccine products currently licensed in the US and other countries are marketed in vials and syringes that may contain natural latex allergens. Little scientific information exists regarding the safety of vaccination of latex-allergic individuals. A review of data within the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a large registry of reported possible vaccine adverse reactions was conducted. A search of the database, which contains >160,000 vaccine adverse event reports. revealed only 28 cases of possible immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions in vaccine recipients with a history of allergy to latex. Given the large number Of immunizations administered every year in the US. the reported risk of allergic reactions possibly due to latex contamination of vaccines appears to be very small. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CDC, NIP, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. US FDA, CDRH, DLS, Off Sci & Technol, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Russell, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Mail Stop E03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM yzr8@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.042 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 882KB UT WOS:000225936700013 PM 15542187 ER PT J AU Delehanty, JB Shaffer, KM Lin, BC AF Delehanty, JB Shaffer, KM Lin, BC TI Transfected cell microarrays for the expression of membrane-displayed single-chain antibodies SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CONTACT RESIDUES; HIGH-AFFINITY; GENE-THERAPY; CANCER; CEA; SCFV; DELIVERY AB The expression of recombinant antibody fragments on the surface of mammalian cells has recently emerged as a therapeutic strategy, particularly in the treatment of a number of cancers. Screening technologies that allow for the facile characterization of fragments expressed on the cell surface would hasten the identification and isolation of reagents to be used as therapeutics. In this report, we describe a cellular microarray-based platform for the comparative functional analysis of single-chain antibodies (scFvs) expressed on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Using the anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibody 4-4-20 as a model system, the native binding site and three mutants were expressed as scFvs on the membrane of HEK 293T/17 cells in a microarray format. Collectively, the equilibrium dissociation constants of the soluble forms of the wild-type scFv and the three mutants spanned nearly 3 orders of magnitude. Expression of the scFvs on the surface of mammalian cells was achieved by the deposition of plasmid DNAs in micrometer-sized spots onto the surface of a glass microscope slide. The addition of cells to the printed array resulted in the expression of the scFvs in clusters of cells in spatially discrete locations. Ligand binding assays performed with a fluorescein-bovine serum albumin conjugate demonstrated the ability of the transfected cell microarray to differentiate the relative binding affinities of the expressed scFvs. Further, the apparent affinities of the membrane-displayed scFvs were within 10-fold of those reported for the soluble forms of the scFvs. The assays described herein demonstrate the potential for cellular microarrays to be used for the high-throughput screening of potential therapeutic reagents. More generally, our work details the utility of transfected cell microarrays in mediating the functional characterization of expressed membrane receptor proteins. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Delehanty, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jbd@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 24 BP 7323 EP 7328 DI 10.1021/ac049259g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 880IH UT WOS:000225781700021 PM 15595875 ER PT J AU Kalish, R Saguy, C Cytermann, C Chevallier, J Teukam, Z Jomard, F Kociniewski, T Ballutaud, D Butler, JE Baron, C Deneuville, A AF Kalish, R Saguy, C Cytermann, C Chevallier, J Teukam, Z Jomard, F Kociniewski, T Ballutaud, D Butler, JE Baron, C Deneuville, A TI Conversion of p-type to n-type diamond by exposure to a deuterium plasma SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BORON-DOPED DIAMOND; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGEN; PASSIVATION; GROWTH; DONORS; LAYERS AB The lack of a shallow donor in diamond with reasonable room temperature conductivity has been a major obstacle, until now, for the realization of many diamond based electronic devices. Most recently it has been shown that exposure of p-type (B doped) homoepitaxial diamond layers to a deuterium plasma can result in the formation of n-type diamond with a shallow donor state (E-a=0.34 eV) and high room temperature mobility (430 cm(2)/V s) [Z. Teukam , Nat. Mater. 2, 482 (2003); C. Saguy , Diamond Relat. Mater. 13, 700 (2004)]. Experimental results, based on the comparison of secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles of B and D and Hall effect measurements at different temperatures are presented. They confirm the previous speculation that some deuterium related complex is responsible for the donor activity in diamond. These donors are shown to be formed in a two-step process. First, deuterium diffuses into the entire B containing layer rather slowly, being trapped by the boron acceptors and passivating them. Once all B have formed complexes, further exposure to a D plasma results in the formation of a layer that contains about twice as many D atoms as the B content. This step is the one that gives rise to the excellent n-type features observed. The most recent theoretical attempts to explain the donor state by simulations of various boron-hydrogen complexes in diamond are reviewed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. CNRS, UMR 8635, Lab Phys Solides & Cristallog, F-92195 Meudon, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Lab Etud Proprietes Electron Solides, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. RP Kalish, R (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM kalish@sspower.technion.ac.il RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7060 EP 7065 DI 10.1063/1.1811777 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400015 ER PT J AU Drotar, JT Lu, TM Wang, GC AF Drotar, JT Lu, TM Wang, GC TI Real-time observation of initial stages of copper film growth on silicon oxide using reflection high-energy electron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; POLYCRYSTALLINE MGO FILMS; CU THIN-FILMS; TEXTURE DETERMINATION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; SILICIDES; SURFACES; HYDROGEN AB We have studied, in real time, the evolution of a thin (less than 200 A) copper film deposited onto an oxidized silicon surface using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. We show that quantitative measurements of island size and shape as functions of time are possible and the results are presented. While the film texture is initially random, texture competition leads to an absence of the low-energy (111) and (200) oriented grains for later times. It is also found that the film surface is composed of facets that increase in size with time. This behavior is explained in terms of facet coalescence. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Drotar, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM drotarj@nswc.navy.mil NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7071 EP 7079 DI 10.1063/1.1811785 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400017 ER PT J AU Warner, JH Summers, GP Walters, RJ Messenger, SR AF Warner, JH Summers, GP Walters, RJ Messenger, SR TI Energy dependence of majority carrier defect introduction rates in p(+) n GaAs photodiodes irradiated with protons SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; DAMAGE AB Traps introduced into p(+) n GaAs diodes, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, by room temperature irradiation with 1, 4, 10, 50, and 53 MeV protons, have been studied using deep--level transient spectroscopy. Five distinct majority carrier (electron) traps were observed after irradiation. The activation energies, capture cross sections, and introduction rates of the traps were measured. Good agreement was found between the energy dependence of the introduction rates for each trap and the calculated elastic nonionizing energy loss for protons incident upon GaAs (i.e., excluding the effects of inelastic nuclear interactions). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Warner, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7225 EP 7228 DI 10.1063/1.1814806 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400040 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Myers, M Hegeler, F Swanekamp, SB Wolford, MF Sethian, JD Ludeking, L AF Friedman, M Myers, M Hegeler, F Swanekamp, SB Wolford, MF Sethian, JD Ludeking, L TI Emission of an intense large area electron beam from a slab of porous dielectric SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIT-TIME INSTABILITY; DIODES; STABILITY; LASER AB Inserting a thick slab of porous dielectric (e.g., ceramic honeycomb) in front of the emitting surface of a large-area planar diode improves the electron beam emission uniformity, decreases the beam current rise and fall times, and maintains a more constant diode impedance. Particle-in-cell simulations of the first few nanoseconds of diode operation show that initially numerous secondary electrons and ions load the ceramic honeycomb. The electrons and ions were confined within the ceramic pores, redistributing the electric field by reducing it within the ceramic pores and increasing it on the cathode surface (by a factor of 2-3). After the initial stage, plasma fills the ceramic pores and the space between the cathode and the ceramic. A space-charge-limited electron beam was then emitted from the ceramic honeycomb. No surface plasma was detected outside the pores inside the diode vacuum. The introduction of dielectric into the diode solves two additional problems associated with large-area planar diodes: (1) Space-charge-limited flow in large-area planar diodes is susceptible to the transit time instability. Feeding the instability are growing transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves that propagate along the anode-cathode gap. By inserting the slab of honeycomb ceramic in front of the emitting cathode these TEM waves are suppressed. (2) A planar diode emits an electron beam with an enhanced current density at the edges (edge effect). The ceramic slab can be easily machined and contoured so as to reduce this effect. The insertion of ceramic honeycomb into the diode had little affect onthe postshot diode pressure. However, deposition of gamma alumina on the ceramic reduced the postshot diode pressure by 80%. This enables the diode to be repetitively pulsed (rep-rated mode). The modified diode was fielded on Electra, a high-power, rep-rated, electron-beam pumped KrF laser. It operated for 50 000 shots at 1 Hz and 8000 shots at 5 Hz with little or no degradation in the pulse shape and with undetectable loss of cathode material. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), CTI, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7714 EP 7722 DI 10.1063/1.1815050 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400116 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Krucker, S Stenborg, G Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Krucker, S Stenborg, G Howard, RA TI Intensity variation of large solar energetic particle events associated with coronal mass ejections SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CME; flare; SEP ID CHARGE-EQUILIBRATION; ACCELERATION; SPACECRAFT; PLASMA; IONS; SUN AB We studied the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares associated with large solar energetic particle (SEP) events of solar cycle 23 (1996-2002) in order to determine what property of the solar eruptions might order the SEP intensity. The SEP events were divided into three groups: (1) events in which the primary CME was preceded by one or more wide CMEs from the same solar source, (2) events with no such preceding CMEs, and (3) events in which the primary CME might have interacted with a streamer or with a nearby halo CME. The SEP intensities are distinct for groups 1 and 2 although the CME properties were nearly identical. Group 3 was similar to group 1. The primary findings of this study are as follows: (1) Higher SEP intensity results whenever a CME is preceded by another wide CME from the same source region. (2) The average flare size was also larger for high-intensity SEP events. (3) The intensity of SEP events with preceding CMEs showed a tighter correlation with CME speed. The extent of scatter in the CME speed versus SEP intensity plots was reduced when various subgroups were considered separately. (4) The intensities of energetic electrons were better correlated with flare size than with CME speed. (5) The SEP intensity showed poor correlation with the flare size, except for group 3 events. Since only a third of the events did not have preceding CMEs, we conclude that the majority of SEP producing CMEs propagate through the near-Sun interplanetary medium severely disturbed and distorted by the preceding CMEs. Furthermore, the preceding CMEs are faster and wider on the average, so they may provide seed particles for CME-driven shocks that follow. Therefore we conclude that the differing intensities of SEP events in the two groups may not have resulted due to the inherent properties of the CMEs. The presence of preceding CMEs seems to be the discriminating characteristic of the high- and low-intensity SEP events. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Solar Phys Branch, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov; yashiro@cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov; krucker@ssl.berkeley.edu; stenborg@kreutz.nascom.nasa.gov; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 33 TC 150 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A12 AR A12105 DI 10.1029/2004JA010602 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 881QS UT WOS:000225883700002 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, DR TI Aerogels 7 - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Aerogels (ISA-7) - Alexandria, VA, USA - November 2-5, 2003 - Preface SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.232 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200001 ER PT J AU Wallace, JM Stroud, RM Pietron, JJ Long, JW Rolison, DR AF Wallace, JM Stroud, RM Pietron, JJ Long, JW Rolison, DR TI The effect of particle size and protein content on nanoparticle-gold-nucleated cytochrome c superstructures encapsulated in silica nanoarchitectures SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; SOL; AEROGELS; BIOSENSORS; LIPASE; OXIDE AB We recently reported the encapsulation of a heme protein superstructure within a sol-gel-derived material processed to form gas-phase-active bioaerogels. The protein superstructure, nucleated in the liquid phase by colloidal gold, protects cytochrome c protein molecules within the superstructure to the extent that they survive the harsh physical and chemical processing conditions necessary to form the aerogel and retain long-lived stability at room temperature. In this investigation, we report the effects of altering the size of the colloidal metal nanoparticle upon the viability of the aerogel-encapsulated proteins, and examine the number of protein molecules that can be assembled into a gold-nanoparticle-nucleated superstructure. The resultant bioaerogels exhibit stable electronic-state spectra at room temperature for 6 weeks for the protein molecules encapsulated in the biocomposite nanoarchitecture. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Sensors & Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.07.087 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200006 ER PT J AU Rhodes, CP Long, JW Doescher, MS Dening, BM Rolison, DR AF Rhodes, CP Long, JW Doescher, MS Dening, BM Rolison, DR TI Charge insertion into hybrid nanoarchitectures: mesoporous manganese oxide coated with ultrathin poly(phenylene oxide) SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID OBTAINING THIN-FILMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION; REACTIVE POLYMERS; METAL-SURFACES; ELECTRODES; ELECTROLYTES; OXIDATION; MEMBRANES AB Hybrid inorganic organic nanoarchitectures are created by self-limiting electrodeposition of ultrathin poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) coatings on high surface area (>200m(2)g(-1)), mesoporous sol-gel-derived MnO2. Scanning electron microscopy images confirm that the polymer film coats the porous surface without completely covering over or occluding the large-scale porosity of the oxide nanoarchitecture. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements show C1s and O1s photoelectron peaks consistent with the reported PPO structure. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that the encapsulated MnO2 undergoes reversible Li-ion insertion/de-insertion reactions where the Li+ ions are supplied through the polymer coating from an acetonitrile electrolyte; the polymer coating does not affect the nature of insertion into the oxide. These hybrid systems assemble inorganic and organic components on the nanoscale and offer routes to new architectures with expanded functionality and enhanced electrochemical performance for energy-storage applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwlong@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.050 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200012 ER PT J AU Baker, WS Long, JW Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Baker, WS Long, JW Stroud, RM Rolison, DR TI Sulfur-functionalized carbon aerogels: a new approach for loading high-surface-area electrode nanoarchitectures with precious metal catalysts SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID PEM FUEL-CELLS; ORGANIC AEROGELS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ELECTROSORPTION; FORMALDEHYDE; RESORCINOL; MORPHOLOGY; PLATINUM; ENERGY; IONS AB Thiophene-modified resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels are prepared using a two-stage reaction sequence. Resorcinol-formaldehyde gels are generated in the first step using conventional sol-gel methods, followed by a second reaction stage in which the partially cured RF gel is reacted with 3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde before aerogel processing. Heterocyclic sulfur is retained in the aerogel following pyrolytic conversion of the insulating polymeric aerogel to its conductive carbon form, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ability of this sulfur-functionalized carbon aerogel to mimic the thiophene-mediated precious metal binding that occurs with Vulcan carbon was investigated by adsorbing pre-formed Pt metal colloids from aqueous colloidal suspensions, when unmodified carbon aerogels exhibit minimal uptake of Pt. The Pt-loaded, sulfur-functionalized carbon aerogels are characterized electrochemically by CO-stripping voltammetry and examined for oxygen reduction activity. The results suggest that these functionalized nanoarchitectures may improve the applicability of carbon aerogel electrode structures for fuel cell and other electrocatalytic applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat & Sensors Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwlong@ces.nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.07.088 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200013 ER PT J AU Long, JW Dening, BM McEvoy, TM Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Dening, BM McEvoy, TM Rolison, DR TI Carbon aerogels with ultrathin, electroactive poly(o-methoxyaniline) coatings for high-performance electrochemical capacitors SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; FILMS; SUPERCAPACITORS; ELECTRODES; ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; ENERGY; NANOARCHITECTURES; ELECTROSORPTION; DEPOSITION AB Carbon aerogels are attractive electrode structures due to their high surface areas, through-connected porosity, and high electrical conductivity, as has been recognized by their commercialization for electrochemical capacitors. We extend the versatility of these conductive nanostructures by modifying them with ultrathin, electroactive polymer coatings based on the self-limiting electropolymerization of o-methoxyaniline. The pore-solid architecture is largely retained in the polymer-carbon-aerogel hybrid due to the conformal, self-limiting nature of the electrodeposited polymer coating. Although grown under insulating conditions, these polymers coatings become electroactive when exposed to aqueous-acid electrolytes, and contribute a pseudocapacitance component to the energy-storage mechanism in the hybrid nanoarchitecture. These hybrids and their electrochemical character can now be designed to exploit the functionalities of both the polymer and the carbon aerogel and achieve electrode structures that exhibit stability, high energy density, and high power density when used as electrochemical capacitors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwlong@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.033 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200015 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ Rolison, DR AF Pietron, JJ Rolison, DR TI Improving the efficiency of titania aerogel-based photovoltaic electrodes by electrochemically grafting isopropyl moieties on the titania surface SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 ELECTRODES; NANOPOROUS TIO2; SOLAR-CELLS; TRANSPORT; PHOTOCURRENT; FILMS AB We have fabricated thick, nanostructured composite films of titania (aerogel)-silica (aerogel) on transparent electrodes for use as composite photoelectrodes. Aerogels are excellent candidate materials for photovoltaic electrodes because the high specific surface area of titania aerogel (similar to150 m(2)/g) significantly amplifies photoactive area, while the continuous pore network permits rapid mass transport of diffusing electron donors through the film. The high surface-to-volume ratio of titania aerogel films can also be a cause for concern because the amplified surface character begets a large number of surface defects that can act as energetically deep traps and hinder percolative transport of electrons through the film. Surface hydroxyls (Ti-OH, titanols) act as charge traps, whereby electrons localize at the semiconductor surface and promote recombination of electrons with solution-phase acceptors, resulting in diminished measured photocurrents. Titania (aerogel)-silica (aerogel) composite films can be modified by electrochemically generated organic radical anions, which graft to the titanols at the electrode surface. This organic modification improves photocurrent yields under bandgap-excitation by a factor of >2 relative to unmodified films, and shifts the onset of photoanodic current negatively by similar to45 mV. The improved photocurrent yields are likely due to more facile electronic transport through the modified mesoporous network caused by changing the chemical nature of the surface species on the titania electrode. The negative shift of the onset potential for the flow of cathodic current is further evidence that the enhanced photocurrent arises from a change in electron mobility, as opposed to a lowering of the conduction band edge, which would improve photoelectron injection efficiency, but would involve a positive shift in the cathodic onset potential. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jpietron@nrl.navy.mil; rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.035 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200016 ER PT J AU Long, JW Logan, MS Carpenter, EE Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Logan, MS Carpenter, EE Rolison, DR TI Synthesis and characterization of Mn-FeOx aerogels with magnetic properties SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS; FINE PARTICLES; SILICA MATRIX; MANGANESE FERRITE; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC BEHAVIOR; PORE-SIZE; NANOCOMPOSITES; MNFE2O4; PRECURSORS AB In an adaptation of sol-gel methods recently described for preparing iron oxide (FeOx) aerogels, we use epichlorohydrin as a proton scavenger to generate mixed metal oxides from ethanol solutions of Mn- and Fe-chloride salts. This reaction forms monolithic gels, which can be processed with supercritical CO2 extraction to form high-surface-area, highly porous Mn-FeOx aerogels. The amorphous as-prepared Mn-FeOx aerogel is transformed into a nanocrystalline form by heating in argon to 300 degreesC. Elemental analysis shows that a Fe:Mn ratio of 2:1 is attained, and the X-ray diffraction pattern for the nanocrystalline aerogel is consistent with that for spinel MnFe2O4, confirming that Mn(II) from the initial sol-gel mixture is incorporated into the crystal structure of the resulting oxide. The nanocrystalline Mn-FeOx aerogel exhibits magnetic properties consistent with a superparamagnetic material, while still retaining the characteristic morphology of an aerogel nanoarchitecture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Mat Phys Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwlong@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.036 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200026 ER PT J AU Lucas, EM Doescher, MS Ebenstein, DM Wahl, KJ Rolison, DR AF Lucas, EM Doescher, MS Ebenstein, DM Wahl, KJ Rolison, DR TI Silica aerogels with enhanced durability, 30-nm mean pore-size, and improved immersibility in liquids SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; HARDNESS; MODULUS; GELS; NANOARCHITECTURES; COMPRESSION; PARAMETERS; CARBON; OXYGEN AB The pore structures and mechanical properties of silica aerogels obtained by traditional base-catalyzed sol-gel synthesis can be modified by curing in neat methanol. The curing process produces gels with a larger mean pore-size and more cumulative pore volume than their uncured (standard) counterparts both before and after heat-treatment steps. Cured silica aerogels that are densified by heat-treating in air to 900degreesC for 30min retain a mean pore-size of similar to30nm, comparable to a standard/as-dried silica aerogel. Heating the standard silica aerogel to 900degreesC for 30min markedly decreases the mean pore-size to 16nm. Nanoindentation studies show that the modulus (E) and hardness (H) values for the standard and cured aerogels vary depending on the heat-treatment. The as-dried standard and cured silica acrogels respond comparably to nanoindentation. After heating in air to 900degreesC, the modulus and hardness values for both the standard and cured gels increase dramatically, with the standard/900degreesC (30 min) aerogels having significantly higher modulus (3.8 GPa) and hardness (0.42 GPa) values than the cured/900degreesC (30 min) aerogels (E = 1.2 GPa, H = 0.17 GPa). The increased modulus and hardness of the standard/900degreesC gels does not, however, translate into an increased ability to endure the wetting stresses imposed by immersion into liquid. The less dense, cured/900degreesC gels are better able to withstand immersion stresses producing a more rugged material and one more amenable to post-processing chemical and physical modification to create multifunctional platforms. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 41 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.07.074 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200035 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Long, JW Pietron, JJ Rolison, DR AF Stroud, RM Long, JW Pietron, JJ Rolison, DR TI A practical guide to transmission electron microscopy of aerogels SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID METAL-OXIDE AEROGELS; SOL-GEL; SILICA AEROGELS; NANOSTRUCTURE; TRANSITION; NETWORKS; PORE AB Aerogel-based materials encompass an outstandingly diverse class of nanoscale single-phase and composite materials, from the traditional base-catalyzed silica aerogel with its branched-beaded network of amorphous mesoparticles to the novel composite aerogels incorporating self-assembled protein superstructures. The structural characterization of these disparate materials often requires more than routine application of basic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. This paper serves as a guide to the full utilization of TEM for investigating new aerogel architectures. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Mat & Sensors Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Surface Chem Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stroud, RM (reprint author), USN, Mat & Sensors Branch, Res Lab, Code 6360, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM stroud@nrl.navy.mil RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.05.013 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200040 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK TI Analysis of fatigue crack growth behavior in polymers using the unified approach SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Strength of Materials (ICSMA 13) CY AUG, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Eotvos Univ Budapest, Minist Educ Republic Hungary, Naval Res Int Field-Office, USN Office DE fatigue crack growth behavior; unified approach; polymers ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; MEAN STRESS; CLOSURE; PROPAGATION; TEMPERATURE; FREQUENCY; SPECIMENS; THRESHOLD; DAMAGE; RATIO AB The unified approach for fatigue damage developed by the authors is applied for the analysis of fatigue crack growth in polymers. According to this approach, fatigue requires two load parameters and correspondingly there are two thresholds that must be met simultaneously for a crack to grow. The thresholds manifest in terms of stress intensity range, DeltaK and maximum stress intensity, K-max. The K-max-threshold is normally greater than the DeltaK-threshold. It is shown that fatigue crack growth behaviour of a polymeric material is analogous to that of any metal or alloy. Typical L-shaped type of curves in the DeltaK-K-max plots can be seen, defining the two limiting values for each crack growth rate. The variation of these two limiting values provides a trajectory map that reflects the changing crack growth mechanisms involved. In polymers depending on molecular weight and processing conditions, creep crack growth can superimpose on fatigue crack growth. The unified approach shows clearly the degree of such superpositions and how it varies with processing conditions. Understanding of these changing mechanisms is important for development of any reliable fatigue life prediction model. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sada@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 387 BP 536 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.10.115 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 883UY UT WOS:000226042400112 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Heidemann, KF Lenke, R Kierey, H Barbee, TW Hunter, WR AF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Heidemann, KF Lenke, R Kierey, H Barbee, TW Hunter, WR TI Record high extreme-ultraviolet efficiency at near-normal incidence from a multilayer-coated polymer-overcoated blazed ion-etched holographic grating SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTH REGION; CALIBRATION AB We have measured the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) efficiency of a polymer-overcoated blazed ion-etched holographic test grating. The grating had a magnetron-sputtered MO2C/Si multilayer coating matched to the grating blaze angle of 2.78degrees. At an angle of incidence of 5.6degrees and a wavelength of 15.79 nm, the measured efficiency peaks in the second outside order at 29.9%. The derived groove efficiency is 53.0%. To the best of our knowledge these are the highest values obtained yet at EUV wavelengths from a holographic ion-etched blazed grating. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carl Zeiss Laser Opt GMBH, Grating Technol, D-73446 Oberkochen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowal-ski@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 24 BP 2914 EP 2916 DI 10.1364/OL.29.002914 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 878YG UT WOS:000225682900027 PM 15645822 ER PT J AU Gole, JL Iretskii, AV White, MG Jacob, A Carter, WB Prokes, SM Erickson, AS AF Gole, JL Iretskii, AV White, MG Jacob, A Carter, WB Prokes, SM Erickson, AS TI Suggested oxidation state dependence for the activity of submicron structures prepared from tin/tin oxide mixtures SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TIN OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; METAL-OXIDE; SNO2; NANOWIRES; NANOTUBES; POWDERS; PHENOL AB Submicron-sized particles of tin oxide (SnOx) were prepared via a high-temperature synthesis from the combination of zerovalent tin and tin oxide (SnO) in an inert carrier gas. The size, nature, and relative product yields of the structures produced are dependent upon the synthesis temperature and the ratio of metal/metal oxide in the starting materials. It is suggested that the surface oxidation states of these nanoparticles vary with the ratio of tin to tin oxide and the synthesis temperature so that the product ratio of SnO to SnO2 and the reactivity of these particles with the phenol hydroxylation reaction could be adjusted. An apparent higher reactivity per unit surface area is observed for the larger submicron particles. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP White, MG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mark.white@chbe.gatech.edu OI White, Mark/0000-0002-2760-9057 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 25 BP 5473 EP 5481 DI 10.1021/cm030618i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 879HD UT WOS:000225706100037 ER PT J AU Stecklum, B Launhardt, R Fischer, O Henden, A Leinert, C Meusinger, H AF Stecklum, B Launhardt, R Fischer, O Henden, A Leinert, C Meusinger, H TI High-resolution near-infrared observations of the circumstellar disk system in the Bok globule CB 26 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; ISM : globules; ISM : individual (CB 26, HH 494); polarization; stars : pre-main-sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; POLARIZATION; ENVELOPES; MAPS; VELOCITIES; PARTICLES; EMISSION; CATALOG; STARS AB We report on results of near-infrared and optical observations of the millimeter disk embedded in the Bok globule CB 26. The near-infrared images show a bipolar reflection nebula with a central extinction lane that coincides with the millimeter disk. Imaging polarimetry of this object yielded a polarization pattern that is typical of a young stellar object (YSO) surrounded by a large circumstellar disk and an envelope, seen almost edge-on. The strong linear polarization in the bipolar lobes is caused by single scattering at dust grains and reveals the location of the illuminating source that coincides with the center of the millimeter disk. The spectral energy distribution of the YSO embedded in CB 26 resembles that of a Class I source with a luminosity of 0.5 L-.. Using the pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks and the stellar mass inferred from the rotation curve of the disk, we derive an age of the system of less than or equal to 10(6) yr. Halpha and [S II] narrowband imaging as well as optical spectroscopy revealed a Herbig-Haro object 6.'15 northwest of CB 26 YSO 1, perfectly aligned with the symmetry axis of the bipolar nebula. This Herbig-Haro object (HH 494) indicates ongoing accretion and outflow activity in CB 26 YSO 1. Its excitation characteristics show that the Herbig-Haro flow is propagating into a low-density environment. We suggest that CB 26 YSO 1 represents the transition stage between embedded protostellar accretion disks and more evolved protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars in an undisturbed environment. C1 Thuringer Landesternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Jena, AG Didakt Phys & Astron, D-07743 Jena, Germany. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Stecklum, B (reprint author), Thuringer Landesternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. EM stecklum@tls-tautenburg.de NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 1 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1086/425291 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 880CP UT WOS:000225766700029 ER PT J AU Lynch, BJ Antiochos, SK MacNeice, PJ Zurbuchen, TH Fisk, LA AF Lynch, BJ Antiochos, SK MacNeice, PJ Zurbuchen, TH Fisk, LA TI Observable properties of the breakout model for coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLUX ROPE; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCES; FIELD STRUCTURE; MHD SIMULATION; SOLAR-FLARES; CLOUDS; PROPAGATION AB We compare the "magnetic breakout'' model for coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with observed general properties of CMEs by analyzing in detail recent high-resolution MHD simulations of a complete breakout CME. The model produces an eruption with a three-part plasma density structure that shows a bright circular rim outlining a dark central cavity in synthetic coronagraphic images of total brightness. The model also yields height-time profiles similar to most three-part CMEs, but the eruption speed by 2.5 R. is of order the Alfven speed, indicative of a fast CME. We show that the evolution of the posteruptive flare loop and chromospheric ribbons determined from the model are in agreement with observations of long-duration flares, and we propose an explanation for the long-standing observation that flares have an impulsive and gradual phase. A helical magnetic flux rope is generated during eruption and is consistent with a large class of interplanetary CME observations. The magnetic fields in this flux rope are well approximated by the Lundquist solution when the ejecta are at 15 R. and beyond. Furthermore, the interior density structure of the magnetic flux rope appears to have some of the basic features of an "average'' magnetic cloud profile at 1 AU. Future simulation improvements and more stringent observational tests are discussed. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lynchb@engin.umich.edu; antiochos@nrl.navy.mil; macneice@alfven.gsfc.nasa.gov; thomasz@umich.edu; lafisk@umich.edu RI MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X NR 69 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 1 BP 589 EP 599 DI 10.1086/424564 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 880CP UT WOS:000225766700045 ER PT J AU Le, T Becker, PA AF Le, T Becker, PA TI A self-consistent model for the formation of relativistic outflows in advection-dominated accretion disks with shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies : jets; hydrodynamics ID SGR-A-ASTERISK; BLACK-HOLES; STANDING SHOCKS; M87; FLOWS; JET AB In this Letter, we suggest that the relativistic protons powering the outflows emanating from radio-loud systems containing black holes are accelerated at standing, centrifugally supported shocks in hot advection-dominated accretion disks. Such disks are ideal sites for first-order Fermi acceleration at shocks because the gas is tenuous, and consequently the mean free path for particle-particle collisions generally exceeds the thickness of the disk. The accelerated particles are therefore able to avoid thermalization, and as a result a small fraction of them achieve very high energies and escape from the disk. In our approach, the hydrodynamics and the particle acceleration are coupled and the solutions are obtained self-consistently based on a rigorous mathematical treatment. The theoretical analysis of the particle transport parallels the early studies of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova shock waves. We find that particle acceleration in the vicinity of the shock can extract enough energy to power a relativistic jet. Using physical parameters appropriate for M87 and Sgr A*, we confirm that the jet kinetic luminosities predicted by the theory agree with the observational estimates. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Le, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM truong.le@nrl.navy.mil; pbecker@gmu.edu NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/427075 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 880CQ UT WOS:000225766800007 ER PT J AU Cai, DC McCarron, RM Hallenbeck, J AF Cai, DC McCarron, RM Hallenbeck, J TI Cloning and characterization of a forkhead transcription factor gene, FoxOla, from thirteen-lined ground squirrel SO GENE LA English DT Article DE hibernation; ischemic tolerance; cytoprotection; apoptosis; Akt ID CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; CELL-SURVIVAL; C-ELEGANS; LIFE-SPAN; PROTEIN; PHOSPHORYLATION; HIBERNATION; FUSION; FKHR; AKT AB This research analyzes the regulation of ischemic tolerance in hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus). Hibernation is studied because it represents a unique state of reversible suspended animation associated with tolerance to an otherwise lethal reduction of core body temperature and metabolism. An integral aspect of hibernation is the profound decrease of cerebral perfusion without neurological damage. As such, hibernation serves as a model for studying natural tolerance to brain ischemia. Identification of regulatory mechanisms that control hibernation in ground squirrels may guide efforts to develop improved treatments for stroke and brain trauma. It was previously shown that phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase 13), an insulin-like growth factor-regulated serine/threonine kinase, was significantly reduced as was its kinase activity in hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Here we studied the forkhead (FH) in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR) transcription factor, which is controlled by Akt signaling and is involved in regulating cell cycle progression and cell death. A cDNA derived from brains of S. tridecemlineatus, encoding a specific FKHR transcription factor, FoxO1a, was cloned and sequenced, and the amino acid sequence of the protein was deduced. FoxO1a is composed of 653 amino acids and has a predicted molecular mass of 69.4 kilodaltons (kDa). Here, for the first time, we report the contrary expression of phosphorylation of two members in the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway during hibernation (i.e., phosphorylated FKHR was significantly up-regulated as phosphorylation of its upstream kinase, Akt, was significantly down-regulated). Further study is required to identify the possible connection between FoxO1a and Akt activity and the possible role of such interactions in hibernation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Stroke Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hallenbeck, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Stroke Branch, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hallenbj@ninds.nih.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 343 IS 1 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2004.09.003 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 879PC UT WOS:000225728700020 PM 15563846 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Zope, RR Richardson, SL Pederson, MR AF Baruah, T Zope, RR Richardson, SL Pederson, MR TI Electronic structure, vibrational stability, and predicted infrared-Raman spectra of the As-20, As@Ni-12, and As@Ni-12@As-20 clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SI CAGE CLUSTERS; METAL-ATOM; AS-N; FULLERENE; SYSTEMS; GAS; APPROXIMATION; LOCALIZATION; SIMULATIONS; NANOTUBES AB Recently an inorganic fullerine-like [As@Ni-12@As-20](3-) onion with near-perfect icosahedral symmetry in the crystalline phase was reported [M. J. Moses, J. C. Fettinger, and B. W. Eichhorn, Science 300, 778 (2003)]. This paper presents a detailed computational study in the framework of density functional theory on various aspects of this molecule. The electronic structure of the As@Ni-12@As-20 is investigated in its neutral as well as -3 charged state together with its subunits As-20 and As@Ni-12 by the all electron linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals method. The bonding is studied by examining the integrated charge within atomic sphere, the electron localization function, changes in the electron density distribution, and from vibrational modes. We find that strong covalent As-As bonds seen in isolated As-20 become weaker in the As@Ni-12@As-20 and strong covalent As-Ni bonds are formed. The structural stability of all four clusters is examined by analyzing the energetics and by calculating the vibrational frequencies. Further, the infrared and Raman spectra is predicted for both the neutral and charged As@Ni-12@As-20 clusters. Finally, the energy barrier for removal of a single arsenic atom is calculated for the neutral As@Ni-12@As-20 cluster. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Engn, BSF CREST Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Te, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 22 BP 11007 EP 11015 DI 10.1063/1.1803539 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RS UT WOS:000225440000017 PM 15634050 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Casalini, R TI Comment on: "Disentangling density and temperature effects in the viscous slowing down of glass forming liquids" [J. Chem. Phys. 120, 6135 (2004)] SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORTHO-TERPHENYL; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Recently, Tarjus [G. Tarjus, D. Kivelson, S. Mossa, and C. Alba-Simionesco, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 6135 (2004)] concluded from a review of data for a variety of glass formers that the supercooled dynamics are almost invariably dominated by temperature T, rather than by density rho. By including additional published data into such a compilation, we show that for van der Waals molecular liquids, the dynamics near T-g are in fact governed as much by density as by temperature. Moreover, relaxation times measured at various temperatures and pressures can be superimposed by plotting as a function rho(gamma)/T. This scaling form can arise from an assumed inverse power law for the intermolecular repulsive potential, with gamma a material constant. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 22 BP 11503 EP 11504 DI 10.1063/1.1814974 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RS UT WOS:000225440000078 PM 15634111 ER PT J AU Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Fermi level effects on Mn incorporation in modulation-doped ferromagnetic III1-xMnxV heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanospintronics Design and Realization (ICNDR 2004) CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Nanospintron Design & Realizat Project Member ID CURIE-TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; IN1-XMNXSB; GAMNAS AB The effect of increasing the Fermi level by modulation doping on the incorporation of Mn into the III-V host lattice-and hence on the ferromagnetic properties of III1-xMnx V alloys-is investigated in Ga1-xMnxAs/Ga1-yAlyAs heterojunctions and quantum wells. Introducing Be acceptors into the Ga1-yAlyAs barriers leads to an increase of the Curie temperature T-C of Ga1-xMnxAs, from 70 K in undoped structures to over 100 K in modulation-doped structures. This increase is qualitatively consistent with multi-band mean field theory simulation of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism. Here the crucial feature is that the increase of T-C occurs only in those structures where the modulation doping is introduced after the deposition of the magnetic layer, and that T-C actually drops when the Be-doped layer is grown first. Using ion channelling techniques we provide direct evidence that this latter reduction in T-C is directly correlated with an increased formation of magnetically inactive Mn interstitials. This formation of interstitials is induced by the shift of the Fermi energy as the holes are transferred from the barrier to the quantum well during the growth. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 48 SI SI BP S5499 EP S5508 AR PII S0953-8984(04)79188-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/48/004 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 883PH UT WOS:000226025300005 ER PT J AU Huang, H Dyka, CT Saigal, S AF Huang, H Dyka, CT Saigal, S TI Hybrid particle methods in frictionless impact-contact problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE meshless methods; particles; SPH; stress points; motion points; contact ID TENSION INSTABILITY; STRESS POINTS; HYDRODYNAMICS; SPH; STABILITY AB The dual particle dynamic (DPD) methods which employ two sets of particles have been demonstrated to have better accuracy and stability than the co-locational particle methods, such as the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The hybrid particle method (HPM) is an extension of the DPD method. Besides the advantages of the DPD method, the HPM possesses features which better facilitate the simulation of large deformations. This paper presents the continued development of the HPM for the numerical solution of two-dimensional frictionless contact problems. The interface contact force algorithm which employs a modified kinematic constraints method is used to determine the contact tractions. In this method, both the impenetrability condition and the traction condition are simultaneously enforced. In the original kinematic constraints method, only the former condition is satisfied. A new formulation to find stress derivatives at stress-free corners by imposing stress-free boundary conditions is also developed. The results for 1-D and 2-D contact problems indicate good accuracy for the contact formulation as well as the corner treatment when compared to analytical solutions and explicit finite element results using the commercial code LS-DYNA. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Saigal, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave,ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM saigal@eng.usf.edu RI Huang, Hao/A-1376-2012 OI Huang, Hao/0000-0002-5186-180X NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 13 BP 2250 EP 2272 DI 10.1002/nme.1146 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 878FX UT WOS:000225633200004 ER PT J AU Naciri, J Shenoy, DK Grueneberg, K Shashidhar, R AF Naciri, J Shenoy, DK Grueneberg, K Shashidhar, R TI Molecular structure and pretilt control of photodimerized-monolayers (PDML) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLYIMIDE SURFACES; BACKBONE STRUCTURE; ALIGNMENT; ANGLES; GENERATION; FILMS; DISPLAYS; LIGHT; 5CB AB We have studied the alignment of nematic liquid crystals on photo-sensitive chemisorbed monolayers. Surface modification and a single UV exposure at normal incidence resulted in photo-dimerized monolayers. A uniform, planar alignment of liquid crystals is realized on these surfaces. Chemical modification of the photosensitive chromophores of the monolayer allow fine-tuning of the pretilt. For a given alignment layer, there is a good correlation between the value of the pretilt and the polar properties of the liquid crystal used. Furthermore, the value of the pretilt depends on the chemical functionality at the outermost portion of the photo-alignment layer. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Naciri, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 14 IS 23 BP 3468 EP 3473 DI 10.1039/b403656e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 881AR UT WOS:000225836300026 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Meyer, JR Bruno, JD Towner, FJ AF Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Kim, CS Kim, M Canedy, CL Meyer, JR Bruno, JD Towner, FJ TI Room-temperature "W" diode lasers emitting at lambda approximate to 4.0 mu m SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; HIGH-POWER; OPTICAL GAIN AB Type-II "W" diode lasers with ten quantum-well periods operated in pulsed mode to 315 K, where the emission wavelength was 4.02 mum. The devices with uncoated facets had a threshold current density of 145 A/cm(2) and slope efficiency of 47 mW/A per facet at 78 K, and displayed a characteristic temperature T(0)approximate to46 K in the range 78-300 K. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Technol Inc, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vurgaftman@nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 23 BP 5544 EP 5546 DI 10.1063/1.1834714 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AY UT WOS:000225620100016 ER PT J AU Watson, WD Srivastava, M Leighton, X Glasman, M Faraday, M Fossam, LH Pollard, HB Verma, A AF Watson, WD Srivastava, M Leighton, X Glasman, M Faraday, M Fossam, LH Pollard, HB Verma, A TI Annexin 7 mobilizes calcium from endoplasmic reticulum stores in brain SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Symposium on Calcium-Binding Proteins in Normal and Transformed Cells CY JUL 28-31, 2004 CL Hinxton Hall, Campus, Cambridge, ENGLAND SP European Calcium Soc, VisiTech Int, European Union, High Level Sci Conf, British Soc Cell Biol, Raytek, Leica Microsyst, Zeiss, Univ Imaging, Med Solut & Imp HO Hinxton Hall, Campus DE annexin 7; knockout mouse; endoplasmic reticulum; calcium; IP3 receptor; signaling; brain ID INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE; VII SYNEXIN; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; MOUSE; GENE; ANX7 AB Mobilization of intracellular calcium from inositol-1,4,5 -triphosphate (IP3)-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores plays a prominent role in brain function. Mice heterozygous for the annexin A7 (Anx7) gene have a profound reduction in IP3 receptor function in pancreatic islets along with defective insulin secretion. We examined IP3-sensitive calcium pools in the brains of Anx7 (+/-) mice by utilizing ATP/Mg2+-dependent Ca-45(2+) uptake into brain membrane preparations and tissue sections. Although the Anx7 (+/-) mouse brain displayed similar levels of IP3 binding sites and thapsigargin-sensitive Ca-45(2+) uptake as that seen in wild-type mouse brain, the Anx7 (+/-) mouse brain Ca2+ pools showed markedly reduced sensitivity to IP3. A potent and saturable Ca2+-releasing effect of recombinant ANX7 protein was demonstrated in mouse and rat brain membrane preparations, which was additive with that of IP3. We propose that ANX7 mobilizes Ca2+ from an endoplasmic reticulum-like pool, which can be recruited to enhance IP3-mediated Ca2+ release. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. C1 Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Dept Psychol Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. FDA, CDER, Div Neuropharmacol Drug Prod, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Pollard, HB (reprint author), Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM hpollard@usuhs.mil NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4889 J9 BBA-MOL CELL RES JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell Res. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 1742 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.10.008 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 893XK UT WOS:000226754200016 PM 15590065 ER PT J AU McCormack, JP Eckermann, SD Coy, L Allen, DR Kim, YJ Hogan, T Lawrence, B Stephens, A Browell, EV Burris, J McGee, T Trepte, CR AF McCormack, JP Eckermann, SD Coy, L Allen, DR Kim, YJ Hogan, T Lawrence, B Stephens, A Browell, EV Burris, J McGee, T Trepte, CR TI NOGAPS-ALPHA model simulations of stratospheric ozone during the SOLVE2 campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MIDDLE-ATMOSPHERE CLIMATOLOGIES; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; UNIFIED MODEL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; CLIMATE MODELS; MINI-HOLES; TRANSPORT AB This paper presents three-dimensional prognostic O-3 simulations with parameterized gas-phase photochemistry from the new NOGAPS-ALPHA middle atmosphere forecast model. We compare 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of stratospheric O-3 with satellite and DC-8 aircraft measurements for two cases during the SOLVE II campaign: (1) the cold, isolated vortex during 11-16 January 2003; and (2) the rapidly developing stratospheric warming of 17-22 January 2003. In the first case we test three different photochemistry parameterizations. NOGAPS-ALPHA O-3 simulations using the NRL-CHEM2D parameterization give the best agreement with SAGE III and POAM III profile measurements. 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of polar O-3 initialized with the NASA GEOS4 analyses produce better agreement with observations than do the operational ECMWF O-3 forecasts of case 1. For case 2, both NOGAPS-ALPHA and ECMWF 114-h forecasts of the split vortex structure in lower stratospheric O-3 on 21 January 2003 show comparable skill. Updated ECMWF O-3 forecasts of this event at hour 42 display marked improvement from the 114-h forecast; corresponding updated 42-hour NOGAPS-ALPHA prognostic O-3 fields initialized with the GEOS4 analyses do not improve significantly. When NOGAPS-ALPHA prognostic O-3 is initialized with the higher resolution ECMWF O-3 analyses, the NOGAPS-ALPHA 42-hour lower stratospheric O-3 fields closely match the operational 42-hour ECMWF O-3 forecast of the 21 January event. We find that stratospheric O-3 forecasts at high latitudes in winter can depend on both model initial conditions and the treatment of photochemistry over periods of 1-5 days. Overall, these results show that the new O3 initialization, photochemistry parameterization, and spectral transport in the NOGAPS-ALPHA NWP model can provide reliable short-range stratospheric O-3 forecasts during Arctic winter. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Washington, DC USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, British Atmospher Data Ctr, Didcot, Oxon, England. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McCormack, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mccormack@nrl.navy.mil RI McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; OI McCormack, John/0000-0002-3674-0508; Lawrence, Bryan/0000-0001-9262-7860 NR 71 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 2401 EP 2423 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876EQ UT WOS:000225479400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, YH Toebes, ML van der Eerden, A O'Grady, WE de Jong, KP Koningsberger, DC AF Zhang, YH Toebes, ML van der Eerden, A O'Grady, WE de Jong, KP Koningsberger, DC TI Metal particle size and structure of the metal-support interface of carbon-supported platinum catalysts as determined with EXAFS spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; XAFS SPECTROSCOPY; FUEL-CELL; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS; FINE-STRUCTURE; GAS-PHASE; IN-SITU; HYDROGEN; SURFACE AB The metal particle size and structure of the metal-support interface of platinum supported on Vulcan XC-72 (a commercial catalyst used in platinum fuel-cell electrodes) and on carbon nanofibers (CNF) have been determined with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). The CNF-supported Pt catalysts were synthesized using a homogeneous deposition precipitation (HDP) method. The amount of acidic oxygen groups on the CNF surface was modified by treatment in an inert atmosphere at different temperatures. The average first shell Pt-Pt coordination number (similar to5.5) detected in Pt/CNF is much smaller than for Pt/ Vulcan XC-72 (similar to8.2). The presence of oxygen-containing groups in the CNF support most probably leads to the stabilization of small Pt particles on the CNF support. A prominent interaction between the metal particles and the support atoms was detected on both kinds of catalysts, which confirms that the metal is in direct contact with the carbon support atoms. After reduction, a long metal-carbon distance around 2.62 Angstrom was detected in both Pt/Vulcan XC-72 and Pt/CNF. After evacuation of Pt/CNF at higher temperatures, the distance between support and interfacial metal atoms decreased to 2.02 Angstrom. Therefore, the long metal-carbon support distance is ascribed to the presence of atomic chemisorbed hydrogen in the interface between the Pt particles and the carbon support. According to the number of interfacial Pt-C bonds (four), the platinum particles supported on CNF are proposed to be in contact with a prismatic surface of the carbon support, on which oxygen groups have more stable bonds with carbon atoms. Six Pt-C bonds could be detected in the metal-support interface of Pt/Vulcan XC-72 with an even longer carbon shell at 3.62 Angstrom, indicating that the metal particles are located on a more carbon-rich surface. This supports a structural model in which the platinum metal particles are epitaxially grown on the (0001) basal surface plane of carbon graphite. C1 Univ Utrecht, Debye Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koningsberger, DC (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Debye Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Sorbonnelaan 16, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM d.c.koningsberger@chem.uu.nl RI de Jong, Krijn/C-5319-2009; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 NR 50 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 48 BP 18509 EP 18519 DI 10.1021/jp049905f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 875JU UT WOS:000225417200019 ER PT J AU Gibbons, DE AF Gibbons, DE TI Network structure and innovation ambiguity effects on diffusion in dynamic organizational fields SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MODELS; SIMULATION; PATTERNS; SCIENCE AB Computational modeling simulated innovation diffusion through six prototypical interregional network structures and two distributions of partnering tendencies in dynamic organizational fields. Compared to regional constraints, connections among all geographic regions decreased clearly beneficial innovation diffusion (a low-threshold adoption model) but increased ambiguous innovation diffusion (a social influence model). Compared with uniform partnering tendencies, normally distributed partnering tendencies increased diffusion of ambiguous innovations. Overall, local and interregional network structures interacted with the observability of an innovation's benefits to determine diffusion. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Gibbons, DE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM degibbon@nps.edu NR 43 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 40 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 0001-4273 J9 ACAD MANAGE J JI Acad. Manage. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 938 EP 951 PG 14 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 882FE UT WOS:000225923700011 ER PT J AU Owen, MK Clenney, TL AF Owen, MK Clenney, TL TI Management of vaginitis SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID VULVO-VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; ORAL METRONIDAZOLE; PRETERM BIRTH; ASYMPTOMATIC WOMEN; CLINDAMYCIN CREAM; WET-MOUNT; TRICHOMONIASIS; INFECTIONS AB Common infectious forms of vaginitis include, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Vaginitis also can occur because of atrophic changes. Bacterial vaginosis is caused by proliferation of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and anaerobes. The diagnosis is based primarily on the Amsel criteria (milky discharge, pH greater than 4.5, positive whiff test, clue cells in a wet-mount preparation). The standard treatment is oral metronidazole in a dosage of 500 mg twice daily for seven days. Vulvovaginal candidiasis can be difficult to diagnose because characteristic signs and symptoms (thick, white discharge, dysuria, vulvovaginal pruritus and swelling) are not specific for the infection. Diagnosis should. rely on microscopic examination of a sample from the lateral vaginal wall (10 to 20 percent potassium hydroxide preparation). Cultures are helpful in women with recurrent or complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis, because species other than Candida albicans (e.g., Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis) may be present. Topical azole and oral fluconazole are equally efficacious in the management of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis, but a more extensive regimen may be required for complicated infections. Trichomoniasis may cause a foul-smelling, frothy discharge and, in most affected women, vaginal inflammatory changes. Culture and DNA probe testing,are useful in diagnosing the infection; examinations of wet-mount preparations have a high false-negative rate. The standard treatment for trichomoniasis is a single 2-g oral dose of metronidazole. Atrophic vaginitis results from estrogen deficiency. Treatment with topical estrogen is effective. Copyright (C) 2004 American Academy of Family Physicians. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. USN, Hosp Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Clenney, TL (reprint author), 1705 Broad Water Ct, Orange Pk, FL 32003 USA. EM tclenney@msn.com NR 46 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 70 IS 11 BP 2125 EP 2132 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879GM UT WOS:000225704400010 PM 15606061 ER PT J AU Napolitano, PG Ryan, MAK Grabenstein, JD AF Napolitano, PG Ryan, MAK Grabenstein, JD TI Pregnancy discovered after smallpox vaccination: Is vaccinia immune globulin appropriate? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE preanancy; smallpox; smallpox vaccine; vaccinia iminune globulin; fetal vaccinia ID EXPERIENCE AB Smallpox vaccination just before conception or during pregnancy can result. in rare instances. in fetal vaccinia from viral infection of the fetus. Approximately 50 cases have beer, documented. despite literally billions of people having been vaccinated. This live viral vaccine has a wider array of rare but serious medical side effects (eg. eczema vaccinatum. progressive vaccinia. encephalitis, myopericarditis) compared with other vaccines that are given currently to the public. In response to recent world events, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United States Department of Defense established a preoutbreak Smallpox vaccination program. Because no actual outbreak has yet occurred, some investigators have proposed prophylactic treatment with vaccinia immune globulin for pregnancies that are exposed to smallpox vaccine to prevent fetal vaccinia. We review the existing, medical literature to access the risks of fetal vaccinia in these pregnancies and the controversy regarding the prophylactic use of vaccinia immune globulin. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept OBGYN, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Antenatal Diagnost Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Def, Birth & Infant Hlth Registry, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USA Med Command, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Napolitano, PG (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept OBGYN, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Antenatal Diagnost Ctr, 3-N, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. EM Peter.Napolitano@nw.amedd.army.mil NR 23 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 191 IS 6 BP 1863 EP 1867 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.014 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 882FZ UT WOS:000225925800005 PM 15592266 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Nugent, PA Schindler, WR AF Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Nugent, PA Schindler, WR TI The effect of diagnostic confidence on the probability of optical colonoscopic confirmation of potential polyps detected on CT colonography: Prospective assessment in 1,339 asymptomatic adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL POLYPS; UNRESECTED POLYPS; SURVEILLANCE; GROWTH AB OBJECTIVE. We sought to evaluate the effect of interpreter confidence on the likelihood that a lesion detected on CT colonography (CTC) will correspond to a matched polyp seen on optical colonoscopy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Same-day CTC and optical colonoscopy were performed on 1,339 asymptomatic adults. A standard matching algorithm for polyp size and location was used. For each potential polyp detected on CTC, the level of diagnostic confidence was prospectively rated on a 3-point scale (1, least certain; 2, intermediate; and 3, most certain). RESULTS. For CTC-detected lesions 6 mm or larger, diagnostic confidence levels of 1, 2, and 3 corresponded to matched polyps on optical colonoscopy in 33.3% (45/135), 50.0% (103/206), and 66.8% (157/235) of cases, respectively (p<0.01). Similar trends were present for categories of lesions that measured 6-7 mm, 8-9 mm, and 10 mm or larger, rising to a match rate of 82.1% (55/67) for lesions 10 mm or larger that were diagnosed with a level-3 confidence rating. The likelihood that a matched polyp was adenomatous increased with greater levels of diagnostic confidence. Of note, level-3 confidence for lesions measuring 8-9 mm on CTC more often yielded a matching neoplasm on optical colonoscopy than level-1 or level-2 confidence for lesions measuring 10 mm or larger (60.3% [35/58] vs 20.8% [10/48]; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION. Greater diagnostic confidence for an individual lesion detected on CTC correlates with a significantly increased likelihood that a matching polyp will be found on optical colonoscopy and that this matched polyp will be neoplastic. Although polyp size represents the primary criterion for CTC screening algorithms, this data could help guide the decision to opt for noninvasive CTC surveillance versus optical colonoscopy for polypectomy. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Ctr Clin Sci, Madison, WI 53792 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Ctr Clin Sci, E3-311,600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 183 IS 6 BP 1661 EP 1665 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 873KB UT WOS:000225277400022 PM 15547207 ER PT J AU Covey, DC Sapega, AA Marshall, RC AF Covey, DC Sapega, AA Marshall, RC TI The effects of varied joint motion and loading conditions on posterior cruciate ligament fiber length behavior SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE posterior cruciate ligament (PCL); joint loading; biomechanical; fiber region; knee ID BIOMECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS; IN-VITRO; RECONSTRUCTION; INJURIES; KNEE; FORCES; ISOMETRY AB Background: The posterior cruciate ligament has been described as being composed of 2 bands that reciprocally tighten and loosen with knee flexion, but the fiber anatomy and behavior may be more complex. Hypothesis: The mechanical effects of defined loading conditions at discrete knee joint angles can vary significantly within the substance of the posterior cruciate ligament depending on the fiber region tested. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Nine intact, fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were instrumented with excursion filaments implanted within 4 fiber regions of the posterior cruciate ligament. Patterns of fiber behavior were analyzed as a function of the variable linear separation distance between tibial and femoral fiber attachment sites during joint motion under a simulated quadriceps contraction, tibial internal rotation, and tibial external rotation. Analysis of variance, the Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons procedure, and paired t tests were used to evaluate statistical significance. Results: Compared with the control pattern of fiber behavior during unloaded passive knee motion from 0degrees to 120degrees, the quadriceps force caused loosening of most ligament fibers at knee flexion of less than 75degrees. Tibial internal rotation significantly slackened the anterior and central fiber regions near extension and significantly tightened the central and posterior fiber regions with progressive flexion. External rotation had an effect similar to internal rotation on the anterior and central fiber regions but caused significant slackening of the posterior fiber regions from 0degrees to 45degrees. Conclusions: Distinct geographic regions within the posterior cruciate ligament have different functional roles depending on the joint angle and the type of load to which the knee is subjected. Clinical Relevance: The specific graft placement parameters in a given surgical procedure relate to end-to-end length changes of the graft and may have important implications for postoperative rehabilitation and return to specific functional activities. C1 US Naval Hosp, Okinawa, Japan. Penn Knee & Shoulder Ctr, King Of Prussia, PA USA. Third Marine Expeditionary Force, Okinawa, Japan. RP Covey, DC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 38000 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 96362 USA. EM coveydc@oki10.med.navy.mil NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1866 EP 1872 DI 10.1177/0363546504267152 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 874WJ UT WOS:000225380900010 PM 15572314 ER PT J AU McDevitt, ER Taylor, DC Miller, MD Gerber, JP Ziemke, G Hinkin, D Uhorchak, JM Arciero, RA Pierre, PS AF McDevitt, ER Taylor, DC Miller, MD Gerber, JP Ziemke, G Hinkin, D Uhorchak, JM Arciero, RA Pierre, PS TI Functional bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - A prospective, randomized, multicenter study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE functional bracing; anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); knee braces; postoperative bracing; knee reconstruction ID KNEE-BRACES; REHABILITATION; FIXATION; GRAFT AB Background: Bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is expensive and is not proven to prevent injuries or influence outcomes. Purpose: To determine whether postoperative functional knee bracing influences outcomes. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Methods: One hundred volunteers from the 3 US service academies with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears were randomized into braced or nonbraced groups. Only those subjects with anterior cruciate ligament tears treated surgically within the first 8 weeks of injury were included. Patients with chondral injuries, significant meniscal tears, or multiple knee ligament injuries were excluded. Surgical procedures and the postoperative physical therapy protocols were identical for both groups. The braced group was instructed to wear an off-the-shelf functional knee brace for all cutting, pivoting, or jumping activities for the first year after surgery. Results: Ninety-five subjects were available with a minimum 2-year follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in knee stability, functional testing with the single-legged hop test, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, Lysholm scores, knee range of motion, or isokinetic strength testing. Two braced subjects had reinjuries, and 3 nonbraced subjects had reinjuries. Conclusions: In this young, active population, postoperative bracing does not appear to change the clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. C1 USN Acad, Dept Orthopaed, Annapolis, MD USA. USN Acad, Dept Sports Med, Annapolis, MD USA. USN Acad, Phys Therapy Dept, Annapolis, MD USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Taylor, DC (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Serv, 900 Washington Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM dean.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1177/0363546504265998 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 874WJ UT WOS:000225380900013 PM 15572317 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Terray, A Kuhn, KL Arnold, J Leski, TA AF Hart, SJ Terray, A Kuhn, KL Arnold, J Leski, TA TI Optical chromatography of biological particles SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID MANIPULATION AB This article describes a novel application of optical trapping for the separation of molecules based on both size and refractive index. The technique known as optical chromatography promises to have many applications for the separation of biological particles, including blood cells, bacteria, viruses, pollen, and yeasts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Biol Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Biol Chem Sect, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM shart@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Leski, Tomasz/K-6916-2013 OI Leski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7688-9887 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 24 BP 13 EP + PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 885JI UT WOS:000226152500002 ER PT J AU Lockhart, J AF Lockhart, J TI Powered terms in a series SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lockhart, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 111 IS 10 BP 920 EP 920 PG 1 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 901HX UT WOS:000227274700017 ER PT J AU Roberts, N AF Roberts, N TI Public deliberation in an age of direct citizen participation SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LA English DT Review DE deliberation; dialogue; citizen engagement; involvement; participation ID MODEL CITIES PROGRAM; DECISION-MAKING; POLICY-MAKING; ADMINISTRATIVE STATE; COMMUNITY ACTION; DECENTRALIZATION; GOVERNMENT; MANAGEMENT; DEMOCRACY; POWER AB Citizen participation in the decisions that affect their lives is an imperative of contemporary society. For the first half of the 20th century, citizens relied on public officials and administrators to make decisions about public policy and its implementation. The latter part of the 20th century saw a shift toward greater direct citizen involvement. This trend is expected to grow as democratic societies become more decentralized, interdependent, networked, linked by new information technologies, and challenged by "wicked problems." The purpose of this article is to summarize the past experiments in direct citizen participation-the forms they take, the challenges they raise (including the need for redefined roles for public officials and citizens), and the consequences they produce. By laying out what has been done in the past, we are better positioned to identify the critical issues and challenges that remain for researchers and practitioners to address in the future. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA. RP Roberts, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA. NR 179 TC 145 Z9 151 U1 17 U2 86 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0275-0740 J9 AM REV PUBLIC ADM JI Amer. Rev. Public Adm. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 315 EP 353 DI 10.1177/0275074004269288 PG 39 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 869UV UT WOS:000225010800001 ER PT J AU Goldman, ER O'Shaughnessy, TJ Soto, CM Patterson, CH Taitt, CR Spector, MS Charles, PT AF Goldman, ER O'Shaughnessy, TJ Soto, CM Patterson, CH Taitt, CR Spector, MS Charles, PT TI Detection of proteins cross-linked within galactoside polyacrylate-based hydrogels by means of a quantum dot fluororeagent SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrogel; microarray; quantum dot ID FABRICATION; MICROARRAYS; IMMUNOASSAY; MICROCHIPS; BIOSENSOR AB Protein toxins have been immobilized in a galactoside polyacrylate hydrogel in a microarray format. The large pore size and solution-like environment of these novel hydrogels allow for easy penetration of large proteins and detection reagents. Confocal microscopy provided three-dimensional visualization of dyelabeled toxins cross-linked within the gel and of streptavidin-coated quantum dot (QD) fluorophores used to visualize the toxins after incubation with biotinylated anti-toxin antibodies. Fluorescence microscopy was utilized to visualize arrays of toxins detected by a biotinylated antibody and then exposure to streptavidin-conjugated QDs. The intensity of the QD fluorescence was quantified, and binding to two toxins on three types of hydrogels was examined. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goldman, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM egoldman@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 380 IS 7-8 BP 880 EP 886 DI 10.1007/s00216-004-2850-4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 884OR UT WOS:000226095400005 PM 15551074 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Wang, J Kim, J Jan, MR Collins, GE AF Liu, GD Wang, J Kim, J Jan, MR Collins, GE TI Electrochemical coding for multiplexed immunoassays of proteins SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; HYBRIDIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB An electrochemical immunoassay protocol for the simultaneous measurements of proteins, based on the use of different inorganic nanocrystal tracers is described. The multiprotein electrical detection capability is coupled to the amplification feature of electrochemical stripping transduction (to yield fmol detection limits) and with an efficient magnetic separation (to minimize nonspecific adsorption effects). The multianalyte electrical sandwich immunoassay involves a dual binding event, based on antibodies linked to the nanocrystal tags and magnetic beads. Carbamate linkage is used for conjugating the hydroxyl-terminated nanocrystals with the secondary antibodies. Each biorecognition event yields a distinct voltammetric peak, whose position and size reflects the identity and level, respectively, of the corresponding antigen. The concept is demonstrated for a simultaneous immunoassay of beta(2)-microglobulin, IgG, bovine serum albumin, and C-reactive protein in connection with ZnS, CdS, PbS, and CuS colloidal crystals, respectively. These nanocrystal labels exhibit similar sensitivity. Such electrochemical coding could be readily multiplexed and scaled up in multiwell microtiter plates to allow simultaneous parallel detection of numerous proteins or samples and is expected to open new opportunities for protein diagnostics and biosecurity. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Peshawar, Dept Chem, Peshawar, Pakistan. RP Wang, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM joewang@nmsu.edu RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; Jan, Mohammad Rasul /F-5876-2015; Kim, Jeong-Hwan/M-5169-2014 OI Kim, Jeong-Hwan/0000-0002-2079-2020 FU PHS HHS [R01A 1056047-01] NR 15 TC 221 Z9 229 U1 6 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 23 BP 7126 EP 7130 DI 10.1021/ac0491071 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 876YR UT WOS:000225535300045 PM 15571369 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Kendziora, CA Nachumi, B Fischer, R Grun, J Rao, MV Tucker, J Siddiqui, S Ridgway, MC AF Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Kendziora, CA Nachumi, B Fischer, R Grun, J Rao, MV Tucker, J Siddiqui, S Ridgway, MC TI Structural modifications of silicon-implanted GaAs induced by the athermal annealing technique SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION; ION IRRADIATION; SI; DAMAGE; INP AB We have used high-resolution X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to investigate structural modifications inside and outside the focal region of Si-implanted GaAs samples that have been irradiated at high power by a focused short-pulse laser. Si atoms implanted into the GaAs matrix generate exciton-induced local lattice expansion, resulting in a satellite on the lower-angle side of the Bragg peak. After the laser pulse irradiation, surface features inside and outside the focal spot suggest the presence of Bernard convection cells, indicating that a rapid melting and re-crystallization has taken place. Moreover, the laser irradiation induces a compressive strain inside the focal spot, since the satellite appears on the higher-angle side of the Bragg peak. The stress maximizes at the center of the focal spot and extends far outside the irradiated area (approximately 2.5-mm away from the bull's eye), suggesting the propagation of a laser-induced mechanical wave. The maximum compressive stress inside the focal spot corresponds to 2.7 GPa. Raman spectra inside the focal spot resemble that of pristine GaAs, indicating that rapid melting has introduced significant heterogeneity, with zones of high and low Si concentration. X-ray measurements indicate that areas inside the focal spot and annealed areas outside of the focal spot contain overtones of a minor tetragonal distortion of the lattice, consistent with the observed relaxation of Raman selection rules when compared with the parent zinc-blende structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM qadri@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1971 EP 1977 DI 10.1007/s00339-003-2174-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 860ZZ UT WOS:000224387200028 ER PT J AU Spira, J Kotay, A AF Spira, J Kotay, A TI The influence of Zen Meditation and stress on Very Low, Low, and High Frequency Heart Rate Variability SO APPLIED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOFEEDBACK LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Zen; Heart Rate Variability; Very Low Frequency C1 USN, Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-0586 J9 APPL PSYCHOPHYS BIOF JI Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 894SD UT WOS:000226811000042 ER PT J AU Enad, JG AF Enad, JG TI Bifurcate origin of the long head of the biceps tendon SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE biceps tendon; arthroseopy; labrum ID GLENOID LABRUM; VARIANTS; BRACHII AB This report illustrates an anatomic variation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle. A bifurcate tendon origin attaching separately onto the supraglenoid tubercle and the posterosuperior capsulolabral tissue is described. The clinical histories and arthroscopic identification of this anatomic finding observed in 2 patients are reviewed. Recognition of the described anatomic variant at arthroscopy can aid the shoulder surgeon in focusing treatment on the actual pathology and not on aberrant anatomy. Several other anatomic variations in the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii have been previously described. The role of a bifurcate biceps tendon origin in the function of the shoulder is unclear. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Enad, JG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jgenad@mar.med.navy.mil NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1081 EP 1083 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.09.003 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 880BJ UT WOS:000225763000012 PM 15592239 ER PT J AU Sekiya, JK Kurtz, CA Carr, DR AF Sekiya, JK Kurtz, CA Carr, DR TI Transtibial and tibial inlay double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Surgical technique using a bifid bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material DE posterior cruciate ligament; reconstruction; allograft ID IN-VITRO; TUNNEL; FORCES AB The treatment of posterior cruciate ligament injuries is difficult and controversial. Reconstructive technique and graft design are 2 of the unsolved issues in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We present a technique using a bifid bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft for reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament. This graft more closely mimics normal anatomy and may be used in both transtibial and tibial inlay reconstructions. C1 USN, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, Portmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Sekiya, JK (reprint author), USN, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Med Ctr, 27 Effingham St, Portmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM jsekiya@hotmail.com NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1095 EP 1100 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.08.004 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 880BJ UT WOS:000225763000015 PM 15592242 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Rafferty, TJ Urban, SE Flagg, L AF Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Wycoff, GL Rafferty, TJ Urban, SE Flagg, L TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. X. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; VISUAL DOUBLE STARS; PROBLEM HIPPARCOS BINARIES; PROPER-MOTION STARS; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; PHOTOGRAPHIC ASTROMETRY; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS; PARALLAX; MASSES AB The results of 3047 speckle interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch (66 cm) refractor of the US Naval Observatory, are presented. Each speckle interferometric observation of a system represents a combination of over a thousand short-exposure images. These observations are averaged into 1572 mean relative positions and range in separation from 0."20 to 62."86, with a median separation of 4."19. This is the 10th in a series of papers presenting measures obtained with this system and covers the period 2003 January 13 through 2003 December 1. Included in these data are nine older measures whose positions were previously deemed possibly aberrant but are no longer classified this way following a confirming observation. Four of these systems have new orbital elements, which are presented here as well. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM bdm@usno.navy.mil OI Urban, Sean/0000-0003-3280-6693 NR 112 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 128 IS 6 BP 3012 EP 3018 DI 10.1086/425532 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875JX UT WOS:000225417500037 ER PT J AU Frohlich, C Lean, J AF Frohlich, C Lean, J TI Solar radiative output and its variability: evidence and mechanisms SO ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS REVIEW LA English DT Review DE sun; irradiance; activity; UV radiation; solar-terrestrial relations ID SCALE MAGNETIC-FIELD; IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIANCE; LAST MILLENNIUM; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; SUNSPOT NUMBERS AB Electromagnetic radiation from the Sun is Earth's primary energy source. Space-based radiometric measurements in the past two decades have begun to establish the nature, magnitude and origins of its variability. An 11-year cycle with peak-to-peak amplitude of order 0.1 % is now well established in recent total solar irradiance observations, as are larger variations of order 0.2 % associated with the Sun's 27-day rotation period. The ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectral regions all participate in these variations, with larger changes at shorter wavelengths. Linkages of solar radiative output variations with solar magnetism are clearly identified. Active regions alter the local radiance, and their wavelength-dependent contrasts relative to the quiet Sun control the relative spectrum of irradiance variability. Solar radiative output also responds to subsurface convection and to eruptive events on the Sun. On the shortest time scales, total irradiance exhibits five minute fluctuations of amplitude approximate to 0.003 %, and can increase to as much as 0.015 % during the very largest solar flares. Unknown is whether multidecadal changes in solar activity produce longer-term irradiance variations larger than observed thus far in the contemporary epoch. Empirical associations with solar activity proxies suggest reduced total solar irradiance during the anomalously low activity in the seventeenth century Maunder Minimum relative to the present. Uncertainties in understanding the physical relationships between direct magnetic modulation of solar radiative output and heliospheric modulation of cosmogenic proxies preclude definitive historical irradiance estimates, as yet. C1 Phys Meteorol Observatorium Davos, World Radiat Ctr, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frohlich, C (reprint author), Phys Meteorol Observatorium Davos, World Radiat Ctr, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. EM cfrohlich@pmodwrc.ch OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 144 TC 207 Z9 215 U1 6 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0935-4956 EI 1432-0754 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS REV JI Astron. Astrophys. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 273 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1 PG 48 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 884PD UT WOS:000226096600002 ER PT J AU Lambert, S Capitaine, N AF Lambert, S Capitaine, N TI Effects of zonal deformations and the Earth's rotation rate variations on precession-nutation SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE reference systems; astrometry; time ID TIDES AB Because of their importance in the accurate modeling of the Earth's orientation in space, some non-negligible predictable effects on precession-nutation are investigated. This paper considers the coupling effects between the axial and the equatorial components of the Earth's rotation vector in the dynamical equations, and the effects of the second order lunisolar torque due to the Earth's zonal deformations. Firstly, the coupling effects are shown to contribute for less than 0.1 muas and are therefore negligible. Secondly, we demonstrate that the 0.7 mas contribution of the rotation rate variations due to zonal tides to the nutation in obliquity deduced by Bretagnon et al. (2000, Proc. IAU Coll., 180, 230; 2001, Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astr., 80, 177) is an artefact which comes from an incomplete way of taking into account the effect of the rotation rate variations. The net contribution is shown to be negligibly small. Thirdly, for an Earth model with an elastic mantle and decoupled liquid core, the contribution of the second-order lunisolar torque due to the Earth's zonal deformations is shown to be 207.9 muas and -9.7 muas on the 18.6-year nutation respectively in longitude and in obliquity, and a correction of -4925.9 muas/century on the precession in longitude. C1 USN Observ, Dept Navy, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR 8630, SYRTE, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Lambert, S (reprint author), USN Observ, Dept Navy, Earth Orientat Dept, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM sbl@usno.navy.mil; capitaine@syrte.obspm.fr RI Lambert, Sebastien/H-9647-2016 OI Lambert, Sebastien/0000-0001-6759-5502 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 428 IS 1 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1051/0004-66361:20035952 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 874EY UT WOS:000225334900033 ER PT J AU Curdt, W Landi, E Feldman, U AF Curdt, W Landi, E Feldman, U TI The SUMER spectral atlas of solar coronal features SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : UV radiation; Sun : corona; line : identification; atlases ID ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER SUMER; ANGSTROM WAVELENGTH RANGE; LATE-TYPE STARS; R-CIRCLE-DOT; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; FORBIDDEN LINES; EMISSION-LINES; PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; SPECTROGRAPH SUMER; ATOMIC DATABASE AB We present a spectral atlas of the solar corona in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range. The atlas is based on observations obtained between 670 Angstrom and 1609 Angstrom in first order of diffraction and between 465 and 670 Angstrom in second order with the SUMER ( Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation) spectrograph on SOHO ( Solar and Heliospheric Observatory). This paper complements the SUMER Spectral Atlas of Solar Disk Features, also published in A&A. The atlas contains off-limb spectra of the corona above a coronal hole, a quiet region, the active corona, and a flare. We provide wavelengths of all detected lines and identification, if available; 311 out of 507 coronal emission lines could be identified or reconfirmed, including several new identifications. Brief descriptions of the data reduction and calibration procedures are given. The spectral radiances are determined with a relative uncertainty of 0.15 to 0.40 (1sigma) and the wavelength scale is accurate to typically similar or equal to 30 mAngstrom. The atlas is also available in a machine readable format. C1 Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Curdt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM curdt@mps.mpg.de RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 46 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 427 IS 3 BP 1045 EP U124 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041278 PG 46 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 872HE UT WOS:000225197500030 ER PT J AU McGehee, PM Smith, JA Henden, AA Richmond, MW Knapp, GR Finkbeiner, DP Ivezic, E Brinkmann, J AF McGehee, PM Smith, JA Henden, AA Richmond, MW Knapp, GR Finkbeiner, DP Ivezic, E Brinkmann, J TI The V1647 Orionis (IRAS 05436-0007) protostar and its environment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : individual (IRAS 05436-0007, V1647 Orionis) stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; T-TAURI STARS; DATA RELEASE; EXTINCTION; OUTBURST; SCALE; SUBDWARFS; EMISSION; MODELS; SYSTEM AB We present Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and United States Naval Observatory (USNO) observations of the V1647 Ori protostar and its surrounding field near NGC 2068. V1647 Ori, the likely driving source for HH 23, brightened significantly in 2003 November. Analysis of SDSS imaging acquired in 1998 November and 2002 February during the quiescent state, recent USNO photometry, and published Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and Gemini data show that the color changes associated with brightening suggest an EX Lupi type (EXor) outburst rather than a simple dust-clearing event. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE-8,MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM peregrin@apo.nmsu.edu NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 616 IS 2 BP 1058 EP 1064 DI 10.1086/425069 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875KC UT WOS:000225418100029 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Warren, HP Wang, YM AF Sheeley, NR Warren, HP Wang, YM TI The origin of postflare loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID FLARE SUPRA-ARCADE; SOLAR-FLARE; CORONAL INFLOWS; RECONNECTION; MOTIONS; PLASMA; PHASE; TRACE; MODEL AB We apply a tracking technique, previously developed to study motions in the outer corona by Sheeley, Walters, Wang, and Howard, to 195 Angstrom filtergrams obtained with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer ( TRACE) satellite and obtain height-time maps of the motions in the hot ( 10 - 20 MK) plasma clouds above postflare loop systems. These maps indicate the following two main characteristics. ( 1) Within the plasma cloud, the motions are downward at speeds of approximately 4 km s(-1). The cloud itself grows with time, its upper layers being replenished by the arrival and deceleration of fast inflows and its lower layers disappearing when they cool to form the tops of new postflare loops. ( 2) Early in these events, the inward motions are turbulent, showing a variety of dark elongated features resembling "tadpoles'' and some bright features. Later, the inflows are visible as dark collapsing loops, changing from initially cusp-shaped features to rounder loops as they move inward. Their speeds initially lie in the range 100 - 600 km s(-1) but decrease to 4 km s(-1) in about 3 minutes, corresponding to an average deceleration similar to 1500 m s(-2). Combining these observations with similar observations obtained at reconnection sites in the outer corona by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO), we conclude that postflare loops are the end result of the formation, filling, deceleration, and cooling of magnetic loops produced by the reconnection of field lines blown open in the flare. The formation of collapsing loops occurs in the dark tadpoles; the filling of these initially dark loops occurs via chromospheric evaporation, which also contributes to the deceleration of the loops; and the radiative cooling ultimately resolves the loops into sharply defined structures. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sheeley@spruce.nrl.navy.mil; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil; ywang@yucca.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 616 IS 2 BP 1224 EP 1231 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875KC UT WOS:000225418100047 ER PT J AU Klimchuk, JA Tanner, SEM De Moortel, I AF Klimchuk, JA Tanner, SEM De Moortel, I TI Coronal seismology and the propagation of acoustic waves along coronal loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conduction; hydrodynamics; Sun : corona; Sun : oscillations; waves ID SLOW MAGNETOACOUSTIC WAVES; TRANSITION-REGION; MHD WAVES; TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS; MAGNETOSONIC WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLAR CORONA; TRACE; EXPLORER; PLUMES AB We use a combination of analytical theory, numerical simulation, and data analysis to study the propagation of acoustic waves along coronal loops. We show that the intensity perturbation of a wave depends on a number of factors, including dissipation of the wave energy, pressure and temperature gradients in the loop atmosphere, work action between the wave and a flow, and the sensitivity properties of the observing instrument. In particular, the scale length of the intensity perturbation varies directly with the dissipation scale length (i.e., damping length) and the scale lengths of pressure, temperature, and velocity. We simulate wave propagation in three different equilibrium loop models and find that dissipation and pressure and temperature stratification are the most important effects in the low corona where the waves are most easily detected. Velocity effects are small and cross-sectional area variations play no direct role for lines of sight that are normal to the loop axis. The intensity perturbation scale lengths in our simulations agree very well with the scale lengths we measure in a sample of loops observed by TRACE. The median observed value is 4.35 x 10(9) cm. In some cases the intensity perturbation increases with height, which is likely an indication of a temperature inversion in the loop (i.e., temperature that decreases with height). Our most important conclusion is that thermal conduction, the primary damping mechanism, is accurately described by classical transport theory. There is no need to invoke anomalous processes to explain the observations. C1 USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM klimchuk@nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 616 IS 2 BP 1232 EP 1241 DI 10.1086/425122 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875KC UT WOS:000225418100048 ER PT J AU Nindos, A Andrews, MD AF Nindos, A Andrews, MD TI The association of big flares and coronal mass ejections: What is the role of magnetic helicity? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; FLUX ROPES; FIELDS; PRODUCTIVITY; MOTIONS; BUDGET; CMES AB Recently, M. D. Andrews found that approximately 40% of M-class flares between 1996 and 1999, classified according to GOES X-ray flux, are not associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Using 133 events from his data set for which suitable photospheric magnetograms and coronal images were available, we studied the preflare coronal helicity of the active regions that produced big flares. The coronal magnetic field of 78 active regions was modeled under the "constant alpha" linear force-free field assumption. We find that in a statistical sense the preflare value of a and coronal helicity of the active regions producing big flares that do not have associated CMEs is smaller than the coronal helicity of those producing CME-associated big flares. A further argument supporting this conclusion is that for the active regions whose coronal magnetic field deviates from the force-free model, the change of the coronal sign of alpha within an active region is twice as likely to occur when the active region is about to produce a confined flare than a CME-associated flare. Our study indicates that the amount of the stored preflare coronal helicity may determine whether a big flare will be eruptive or confined. C1 Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Sect Astrogeophys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nindos, A (reprint author), Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Sect Astrogeophys, POB 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. EM anindos@cc.uoi.gr NR 22 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 616 IS 2 BP L175 EP L178 DI 10.1086/426861 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875KJ UT WOS:000225418800026 ER PT J AU Denisov, VP Schlessman, JL Garcia-Moreno, B Halle, B AF Denisov, VP Schlessman, JL Garcia-Moreno, B Halle, B TI Stabilization of internal charges in a protein: Water penetration or conformational change? SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; X-RAY; RELAXATION DISPERSION; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-A; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TITRATION CURVES; PK(A) VALUES; ACTIVE-SITE AB The ionizable amino acid side chains of proteins are usually located at the surface. However, in some proteins an ionizable group is embedded in an apolar internal region. Such buried ionizable groups destabilize the protein and may trigger conformational changes in response to pH variations. Because of the prohibitive energetic cost of transferring a charged group from water to an apolar medium, other stabilizing factors must be invoked, such as ionization-induced water penetration or structural changes. To examine the role of water penetration, we have measured the O-17 and H-2 magnetic relaxation dispersions (MRD) for the V66E and V66K mutants of staphylococcal nuclease, where glutamic acid and lysine residues are buried in predominantly apolar environments. At neutral pH, where these residues are uncharged, we find no evidence of buried water molecules near the mutation site. This contrasts with a previous cryogenic crystal structure of the V66E mutant, but is consistent with the room-temperature crystal structure reported here. MRD measurements at different pH values show that ionization of Glu-66 or Lys-66 is not accompanied by penetration of long-lived water molecules. On the other hand, the MRD data are consistent with a local conformational change in response to ionization of the internal residues. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Biophys Chem, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Halle, B (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Biophys Chem, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM bertil.halle@bpc.lu.se RI Denisov, Vladimir/F-3636-2012; Halle, Bertil/I-6563-2013 OI Halle, Bertil/0000-0002-8770-0362 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-061597, R01 GM061597] NR 61 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 19 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 3982 EP 3994 DI 10.1529/biophysj.104.048454 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 875NH UT WOS:000225426700034 PM 15377517 ER PT J AU Amling, CL AF Amling, CL TI Advanced prostate cancer treatment guidelines: a United States perspective SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Prostate Cancer Global Opinion Leaders Workshop CY JAN 28-29, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM clamling@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 SU 3 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2004.05137.x PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 888PD UT WOS:000226385800005 PM 15521885 ER PT J AU Amling, CL AF Amling, CL TI Biochemical failure: role for early hormonal therapy SO BJU INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Prostate Cancer Global Opinion Leaders Workshop CY JAN 28-29, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; RADIOTHERAPY; RADIATION; CANCER C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. EM clamling@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-4096 J9 BJU INT JI BJU Int. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 SU 3 BP 9 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2004.05138.x PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 888PD UT WOS:000226385800006 PM 15521886 ER PT J AU Prejean, SG Hill, DP Brodsky, EE Hough, SE Johnston, MJS Malone, SD Oppenheimer, DH Pitt, AM Richards-Dinger, KB AF Prejean, SG Hill, DP Brodsky, EE Hough, SE Johnston, MJS Malone, SD Oppenheimer, DH Pitt, AM Richards-Dinger, KB TI Remotely triggered seismicity on the United States west coast following the M-W 7.9 Denali fault earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; HECTOR MINE; CALIFORNIA; LANDERS; DEFORMATIONS; MAGNITUDE; ALASKA; SLIP; WASHINGTON; TRANSIENT AB The M-W 7.9 Denali fault earthquake in central Alaska of 3 November 2002 triggered earthquakes across western North America at epicentral distances of up to at least 3660 km. We describe the spatial and temporal development of triggered activity in California and the Pacific Northwest, focusing on Mount Rainier, the Geysers geothermal field, the Long Valley caldera, and the Coso geothermal field. The onset of triggered seismicity at each of these areas be-an during the Love and Raleigh waves of the M-W 7.9 wave train, which had dominant periods of 15 to 40 sec, indicating that earthquakes were triggered locally by dynamic stress changes due to low-frequency surface wave arrivals. Swarms during the wave train continued for similar to4 min (Mount Rainier) to similar to40 min (the Geysers) after the surface wave arrivals and were characterized by spasmodic bursts of small (M less than or equal to 2.5) earthquakes. Dynamic stresses within the surface wave train at the time of the first triggered earth-quakes ranged from 0.01 MPa (Coso) to 0.09 MPa (Mount Rainier). In addition to the swarms that began during the surface wave arrivals, Long Valley caldera and Mount Rainier experienced unusually large seismic swarms hours to days after the Denali fault earthquake. These swarms seem to represent a delayed response to the Denali fault earthquake. The occurrence of spatially and temporally distinct swarms of triggered seismicity at the same site suggests that earthquakes may be triggered by more than one physical process. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Geothermal Program, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Prejean, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RI Brodsky, Emily/B-9139-2014 NR 39 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 13 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S348 EP S359 DI 10.1785/0120040610 PN B PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 902DG UT WOS:000227331100025 ER PT J AU Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV Malanoski, AP Schnur, JM AF Selinger, RLB Selinger, JV Malanoski, AP Schnur, JM TI Visualizing chiral self-assembly SO CHAOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Gallery of Nonlinear Images CY MAR, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP APS Topical Grp Statist & Nonlinear Phys C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Selinger, RLB (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP S3 EP S3 DI 10.1063/1.1821692 PG 1 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 874VO UT WOS:000225378600002 PM 15568900 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, RR Dunlap, BI TI On the optimal value of alpha for the Hartree-Fock-Slater method SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE PARAMETER-ALPHA; BASIS-SETS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NOBEL LECTURE; ROW ATOMS; X-ALPHA; OPTIMIZATION; 1ST-ROW AB We have examined the performance of the analytic Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) method for various a values and empirically determined the optimal a value by minimizing the mean absolute error (MAE) in atomization energies of the G2 set of molecules. At the optimal a the HFS method's performance is far superior with the MAE of 14 kcal/mol than that of the local density approximation (MAE similar to 36 kcal/mol) and the Hartree-Fock theory (MAE similar to 78 kcal/mol). The HFS exchange functional with alpha = 0.7091 performs significantly better than the Kohn-Sham exchange functional for equally weighted atoms H-Kr. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM rzope@alchemy.nrl.navy.mil; dunlap@nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 399 IS 4-6 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.037 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 874ZS UT WOS:000225389800023 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Groff, HL Parrish, JS Ring, W AF Crum, NF Groff, HL Parrish, JS Ring, W TI A novel use for drotrecogin alfa (activated): Successful treatment of septic shock associated with coccidioidomycosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEVERE SEPSIS AB We present 2 cases of septic shock associated with coccidioidomycosis that were successfully treated with drotrecogin alfa ( activated) in combination with antifungal agents. The favorable outcomes, in light of the high mortality usually associated with this condition, suggest that drotrecogin alfa ( activated) may be a valuable adjunct for treating septic shock due to endemic mycoses. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Div Pulm Crit Care, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Scripps, Div Pulm Crit Care, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP E122 EP E123 DI 10.1086/425918 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JI UT WOS:000227492100046 PM 15578351 ER PT J AU Pilone, M AF Pilone, M TI Plug-ins & Java SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pilone, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 29 IS 12 BP 46 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 866FL UT WOS:000224759100011 ER PT J AU Alcisto, J Enriquez, A Garcia, H Hinkson, S Hahn, M Foyos, J Ogren, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Alcisto, J Enriquez, A Garcia, H Hinkson, S Hahn, M Foyos, J Ogren, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS TI The effect of thermal history on the color of oxide layers in titanium 6242 alloy SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE oxidation; thermal history; titanium alloys; heat tints AB A study was done to examine the effects of thermal history and surface pretreatment on the color of oxide layers in Titanium 6242 alloy. Coupons of the alloy underwent three different pretreatment options prior to thermal exposure to temperatures from 371 to 760 degreesC with periods from 6 min up to 100 h. After exposure it was found that there was not a simple correlation between color and thermal history. Also, it was not evident after exposure that the hardness could be traced to the thermal history. However, it was clear that color did rely on pretreatment options. The abrasive treatment resulted in shades of gold with a polished look while the milder treatments produced matte hues of blue. All coupons after exposure were found to have an oxide layer thickness of no more than 400 nm. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Northrop Grumman, Mat & Proc Technol Dept, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Es-Said, OS (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, MS 8145,1 LMU Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. EM oessaid@lmu.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.04.001 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 867EM UT WOS:000224825100001 ER PT J AU Ma, W Fitzgerald, W Liu, QY O'Shaughnessy, TJ Maric, D Lin, HJ Alkon, DL Barker, JL AF Ma, W Fitzgerald, W Liu, QY O'Shaughnessy, TJ Maric, D Lin, HJ Alkon, DL Barker, JL TI CNS stem and progenitor cell differentiation into functional neuronal circuits in three-dimensional collagen gels SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE neural stem cells; proliferation; neurogenesis; 3D matrix; collagen; GABA; glutamate; acetylcholine; synapse formation; Ca2+ imaging ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEURAL PRECURSOR CELLS; RAT CORTICAL-NEURONS; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; MATRIX; EMERGE AB The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has little capacity for self-repair after injury, and neurons are not capable of proliferating. Therefore, neural tissue engineering that combines neural stem and progenitor cells and biologically derived polymer scaffolds may revolutionize the medical approach to the treatment of damaged CNS tissues. Neural stem and progenitor cells isolated from embryonic rat cortical or subcortical neuroepithelium were dispersed within type I collagen, and the cell-collagen constructs were cultured in serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor. The collagen-entrapped stem and progenitors actively expanded and efficiently generated neurons, which developed neuronal polarity, neurotransmitters, ion channels/receptors, and excitability. Ca2+ imaging showed that differentiation from BrdU(+)/TuJ1(-) to BrdU(-)/TuJ1(+) cells was accompanied by a shift in expression of functional receptors for neurotransmitters from cholinergic and purinergic to predominantly GABAergic and glutamatergic. Spontaneous postsynaptic currents were recorded by patch-clamping from precursor cell-derived neurons and these currents were partially blocked by 10-muM bicuculline, and completely blocked by additional 10 muM of the kainate receptor antagonist CNQX, indicating an appearance of both GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic activities. Staining with endocytotic marker FM1-43 demonstrated active synaptic vesicle recycling occurring among collagen-entrapped neurons. These results show that neural stem and progenitor cells cultured in 3D collagen gels recapitulate CNS stem cell development; this is the first demonstration of CNS stem and progenitor cell-derived functional synapse and neuronal network formation in a 3D matrix. The proliferative capacity and neuronal differentiating potential of neural progenitors in 3D collagen gels suggest their potential use in attempts to promote neuronal regeneration in vivo. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NICHHD, NASA NIH Ctr 3D Tissue Culture, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Blancehette Rockefeller Neurosci Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM wma@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 130 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 190 IS 2 BP 276 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.10.016 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 873EB UT WOS:000225261200002 PM 15530869 ER PT J AU Ehlke, TA Imbrigiotta, TE Dale, JM AF Ehlke, TA Imbrigiotta, TE Dale, JM TI Laboratory comparison of polyethylene and dialysis membrane diffusion samplers SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID INSITU; WATER; GROUNDWATER AB The ability of diffusion samplers constructed from regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane and low density, lay flat polyethylene tubing to collect. volatile organic compounds and inorganic ions was compared in a laboratory study. Concentrations of vinyl chloride, cis-1, 2-dichloroethene, bromochloromethane, trichloroethene, bromodichloromethane, and tetrachloroethene collected by both types of diffusion samplers reached equilibrium with the concentrations of these compounds in test solution within three days. Concentrations of bromide and iron collected by the dialysis membrane diffusion samplers reached equilibrium with the concentrations of these compounds in a test solution within three to seven days. No detectable concentrations of bromide or iron were found,in polyethylene diffusion samplers even after 21 days. No measurable concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, and lead, or sulfide, were leached out of dialysis membrane samplers over seven days. Compared with using a gas-tight syringe to sample the diffusion sampler, clipping the bag and pouring the water sample into a sample vial resulted in only a small 6.2% average loss of volatile organic compounds. Dialysis membrane diffusion samplers offer promise for use in sampling ground water for inorganic constituents as well as volatile organic compounds. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, W Trenton, NJ 08626 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command, Philadelphia, PA 19113 USA. RP Ehlke, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 810 Bear Tavern Rd,Suite 206, W Trenton, NJ 08626 USA. EM tehlke@usgs.gov; timbrig@usgs.gov; dalejm@efane.navfac.navy.mil NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb00704.x PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 777ET UT WOS:000189163400005 ER PT J AU Monk, CA Boehm-Davis, DA Trafton, JG AF Monk, CA Boehm-Davis, DA Trafton, JG TI Recovering from interruptions: Implications for driver distraction research\ SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID DRIVING PERFORMANCE; TASK; SITUATION; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; ROAD; AGE; TELEPHONES; MODELS; MEMORY AB This research adopted a model of goal activation to study the mechanisms underlying interrupted task performance. The effects of interruption timing, type of interruption, and age on task time and primary task resumption time were explored under conditions in which attention was switched back and forth between two tasks, much as when drivers shift attention between attending to the road and to an in-vehicle task. The timing of interruptions had a significant impact on task resumption times, indicating that the most costly time to interrupt task performance is during the middle of a task. However, this effect was overshadowed by age-related performance decrements for older participants. Interruptions that prevented strategic rehearsal of goals resulted in longer resumption times as compared with interruptions that allowed rehearsal. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of in-vehicle device user interfaces, the timing of in-vehicle messages, and current metrics for assessing driver distraction. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monk, CA (reprint author), Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Off Human Centered Res, SAIC, 400 7th St SW, Washington, DC 20590 USA. EM christopher.a.monk@saic.com RI Boehm-Davis, Deborah/C-5482-2009 NR 43 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 18 U2 25 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD WIN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 650 EP 663 DI 10.1518/hfes.46.4.650.56816 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 888DM UT WOS:000226354400007 PM 15709327 ER PT J AU Cortes, LM Baltazar, LM Lopez-Cardona, MG Olivares, N Ramos, C Salazar, M Sandoval, L Lorenz, MGO Chakraborty, R Paterson, AD Rivas, F AF Cortes, LM Baltazar, LM Lopez-Cardona, MG Olivares, N Ramos, C Salazar, M Sandoval, L Lorenz, MGO Chakraborty, R Paterson, AD Rivas, F TI HLA class II haplotypes in Mexican systemic lupus erythematosus patients SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE haplotype; HLA class II; systemic lupus erythernatosus; association study ID PRIMERS PCR-SSP; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ETHNIC-GROUPS; ALLELES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; REGION; DNA; AMPLIFICATION AB Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which polymorphisms within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region have been associated to its etiology. For this study, HLA-DQB1, DQA1, and DRB1 genes were typed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer in 237 individuals, taken from 74 families, who had a member with SLE, and who had their residence in the western region of Mexico; as well as in 159 ethnically matched healthy volunteers taken from 32 families. Genotype and allele frequency analysis was performed in 74 SLE patients and 54 unrelated controls. Precise three-loci identification of independent haplotypes was performed in 48 patients and 54 controls by familial segregation. Genotype distribution at each loci was concordant with Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium in the control group. In general, no genotype effect was observed in SLE patients. Allele distribution comparison showed in the SLE group a significant increase of HLA-DQA1*0102, DQB1*0402, and DRB1*15; whereas alleles HLA-DQB1*0303 and *0501 were significantly decreased. SLE patients showed haplotype DQB1*0602-DQA1-*0102-DRB1*15 increased. As expected, patients with SLE have a reduced haplotype genetic diversity. The associations found in this study are related to an ancestral haplotype that has been observed in SLE populations of different origins. (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 2004. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Hosp Especialidades, Div Immunol, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Hosp Especialidades, Div Genet, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Hosp Especialidades, Div Mol Med, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Hosp Especialidades, Ctr Invest Biomed Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Univ Guadalajara, Grad Studies Program Immunol, Ctr Univ Ciencias Salud, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. Univ Colima, Sch Med, Colima, Mexico. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Ctr Genome Informat, Cincinnati, OH USA. Hosp Sick Children, Program Genet & Genom Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Cortes, LM (reprint author), NEI, NIH, Immunoregulat Lab, Bldg 10-10N222,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM CortesL@nei.nih.gov RI Paterson, Andrew/A-4088-2011 OI Paterson, Andrew/0000-0002-9169-118X NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1469 EP 1476 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.09.008 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 886RE UT WOS:000226245200010 PM 15603875 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR AF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR TI Design of a compact, optically guided, pinched, megawatt class free-electron laser SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE amplifier; free-electron laser (FEL); megawatt class; optical guiding; pinched optical beam ID HIGH-POWER; RADIATION AB A conceptual design for a compact megawatt class free-electron laser (FEL) operating at 1mum is presented. The proposed FEL consists of an optically guided, pinched amplifier configuration driven by a RF linac. The gain length, efficiency, electron pulse slippage, and the distance between the wiggler and first relay mirror are determined for a megawatt class design. Of particular concern in the design is the overall length of the optical system, i.e., the wiggler length and distance to the first relay mirror. In the present design, the wiggler length is similar to1 m and the distance between the first relay mirror and the wiggler is determined by the average intensity damage threshold on the mirror. By focusing the electron beam, the optical beam can be pinched upon exiting the wiggler. The pinched optical beam has a reduced Rayleigh length which permits the first relay mirror to be relatively close to the wiggler. By pinching the optical beam and employing grazing incidence the first relay mirror can be located within similar to3 m of the wiggler. It is shown that frequency detuning can more than double the FEL efficiency. In the present design with frequency detuning and uniform wiggler the efficiency is similar to1.8%. In addition, electron-pulse slippage is shown to be substantially reduced in a high-gain amplifier. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Iearus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sprangle@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1739 EP 1743 DI 10.1109/TQE.2004.837667 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 872QP UT WOS:000225223700016 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS AF Smith, JR Mirotznik, MS TI Analytical simplification of the 2-D method of moments impedance integral SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering; method of moments (MoM); transforms ID MATRIX-ELEMENTS AB The elements of the two-dimensional (2-D), method of moments (MoM) impedance matrix are analytically reduced by way of an integral transform. The resulting impedance expression is a single integral with an analytic integrand for nearly arbitary shape and weight function sets. The reduced expression requires fewer computations, thereby reducing the matrix fill time. This moments via integral transform method (MITM) is based on an integral representation of the Green's function (Hankel function) and utilizes a special integral transform. The method is developed for 2-D perfectly electrically conducting bodies subjected to a transverse magnetic field. A comparison between brute force and MITM is presented for polynomial shape and weight functions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20017 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM smithjr@nswccd.navy.mil NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 3288 EP 3294 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.835164 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 877EQ UT WOS:000225551000017 ER PT J AU Gubser, DU AF Gubser, DU TI Superconductivity: An emerging power-dense energy-efficient technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE cryogenics; electrical power systems; superconducting wires and magnets; superconductivity ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEM AB As the world becomes more "electrified," efficient distribution and use of electrical power becomes increasingly important. Loss of electrical energy due to resistance to current flow translates into wasted energy and wasted economic resources. Superconductivity offers zero (dc) to near zero (ac) resistance to electrical flow; thus, the use of superconducting materials can improve the overall electrical system efficiency while significantly reducing the size and weight of power components and machinery. Although superconductivity was first discovered in 1911, the requirement of an extreme cryogenic environment (near absolute zero temperature) limited its utility. With the discovery in 1986 of a new class of "high-temperature superconductors (HTS)" that operate at substantially higher temperatures (although still cryogenic), remarkable progress has been made in advancing a broader use for superconducting technology. Full-scale demonstrations are now permitting the development of engineering skills required for systems implementation and are quantifying system benefits of this new HTS technology. This article briefly reviews some of the fundamental attributes of superconductivity and discusses how they can benefit our electrical power system. The article then briefly describes some of the ongoing U.S. demonstration projects (transmission lines, transformers, motors/generators, etc.), showing the benefits of superconductivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gubser, DU (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gubser@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 2037 EP 2046 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.838318 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 879HR UT WOS:000225707500003 ER PT J AU Currie, M AF Currie, M TI Hybrid photonic analog-to-digital conversion using superconducting electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE analog-digital conversion; optical data processing; photonic sampling; superconducting electronics ID JOSEPHSON TRANSMISSION-LINE; A/D CONVERTER; JITTER MEASUREMENT; CURRENT PULSES; RSFQ CIRCUITS; SYSTEM; GHZ; RESOLUTION; TIME; COMPARATORS AB A hybrid analog-to-digital converter is described that uses photonic waveform sampling coupled with superconducting electronics for quantization and conversion to a binary format. The architecture scheme exploits extremely low clock jitter, amplitude stability, and a picosecond sampling aperture from the photonic system and magnetic flux quantization and high-speed digital logic in the superconducting system. The operational speed of the conversion is primarily limited by the maximum speed of the superconducting logic elements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Currie, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marc.currie@nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 2047 EP 2052 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.838319 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 879HR UT WOS:000225707500004 ER PT J AU Chen, XJ Barnaby, HJ Pease, RL Schrimpf, RD Platteter, DG Dunham, G AF Chen, XJ Barnaby, HJ Pease, RL Schrimpf, RD Platteter, DG Dunham, G TI Radiation-induced base current broadening mechanisms in gated bipolar devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE bipolar; energy distribution; gated devices; interface traps; ionization; radiation ID INTERFACE TRAPS; GAIN DEGRADATION; TRANSISTORS; CHARGE; SEPARATION AB Ionizing radiation experiments on gated lateral bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) show a broadening in the peak base current profile after irradiation. The primary mechanism for this effect is identified as the change in the charge state of interface traps in the oxide over the base. Simulations and theoretical analysis not only describe the mechanism in detail, but also suggest possible solutions for extracting information from the shape of the profile. The effects of the interface-trap energy distribution are investigated, showing that traps between flatband and threshold contribute to the width of the base-current peak. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Chen, XJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM xchen@email.arizona.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3178 EP 3185 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839198 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300013 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Burke, EA Summers, GP Walters, RJ AF Messenger, SR Burke, EA Summers, GP Walters, RJ TI Limits to the application of NIEL for damage correlation. SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE displacement damage; nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) ID DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; MONTE-CARLO; LOW-ENERGY; SILICON; DEVICES; RADIATION AB The effect of incident particle range, straggling, primary recoil atom range and target volume on the expected applicability of nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) as a basis for correlating displacement damage effects are quantified. Examples are given for protons and alpha particles incident on both silicon and gallium arsenide. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM messenger@nrl.navy.mil; edaburke@rcn.com; gsummers@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; rwalters@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3201 EP 3206 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839152 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300016 ER PT J AU Buchner, S Campbell, A Reed, R Fodness, B Kuboyama, S AF Buchner, S Campbell, A Reed, R Fodness, B Kuboyama, S TI Angular dependence of multiple-bit upsets induced by protons in a 16 Mbit DRAM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE CUPID; DRAM; linear energy transfer (LET); single event upset (SEU) ID EVENT; ION; ANGLE AB The number of double-bit upsets induced by protons in a 16 Mb DRAM was found to increase with angle of incidence. The increase was greater for intermediate energy (63 MeV) protons than for high-energy (198 MeV) protons. An explanation is offered and the results of a calculation using the CUPID program agree with the observations. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Japanese Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; campbell@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Robert.Reed@vanderbilt.edu; bfodness@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; kuboyama.satoshi@jaxa.jp NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3270 EP 3277 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839169 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300027 ER PT J AU Gadlage, MJ Schrimpf, RD Benedetto, JM Eaton, PH Mavis, DG Sibley, M Avery, K Turflinger, TL AF Gadlage, MJ Schrimpf, RD Benedetto, JM Eaton, PH Mavis, DG Sibley, M Avery, K Turflinger, TL TI Single event transient pulsewidths in digital microcircuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE digital single event transients (DSETs); heavy ions; single event effects (SEEs); SPICE ID COMBINATIONAL LOGIC; UPSET AB The radiation effects community has long known that single event transients in digital microcircuits will have an increasing importance on error rates as device sizes shrink. However separating these errors from static errors in latch cells has often proved difficult. Thus determining both the significance and the nature of these transient errors has not been easy. In this study, by utilizing a latch that is radiation hard at static clock frequencies the errors due to transients could be separated. By separating the transient error rate from the static upset error rate, the pulse structure of the propagating transients was studied using SPICE. The implications of these pulsewidths will also be discussed. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37332 USA. Mission Res Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Gadlage, MJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM gadlage-m@atd.crane.navy.mil; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; benedetto@mrcmicroe.com; peaton@mrcmicroe.com RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 14 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3285 EP 3290 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839174 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300029 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Boos, JB Knudson, AR Lotshaw, WT Park, D Melinger, JS Bennett, BR Torres, A Ferlet-Cavrois, V Sauvestre, JE D'Hose, C Flament, O AF McMorrow, D Boos, JB Knudson, AR Lotshaw, WT Park, D Melinger, JS Bennett, BR Torres, A Ferlet-Cavrois, V Sauvestre, JE D'Hose, C Flament, O TI Transient response of III-V field-effect transistors to heavy-ion irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE AlSb; charge collection; GaAs; HEMT; InAlAs; InAs; InGaAs; InP; MESFET; single-event transient; single-event upset ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; CHARGE-COLLECTION CHARACTERISTICS; GAAS-MESFETS; HETEROSTRUCTURE FETS; BUFFER LAYER; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT; SPEED; HEMTS AB The single-event effects response of three different III-V field-effect transistor technologies (GaAs MESFET, InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT, and AlSb/InAs HEMT) is measured for MeV and GeV heavy-ion irradiation. These measurements reveal significant charge enhancement and very slow, microsecond-timescale relaxation times for the GaAs and InAlAs/InGaAs devices, with a much faster recovery from the ionizing event observed for the AlSb/InAs HEMTs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM McMorrow@ccf.nrl.navy.mi RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; sauvestre, jean-etienne/C-8819-2009 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3324 EP 3331 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839529 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300035 ER PT J AU Eaton, P Benedetto, J Mavis, D Avery, K Sibley, M Gadlage, M Turflinger, T AF Eaton, P Benedetto, J Mavis, D Avery, K Sibley, M Gadlage, M Turflinger, T TI Single event transient pulsewidth measurements using a variable temporal latch technique SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE ID BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; LOGIC; COMPARATORS; CHARGE; SETS AB A new test structure was designed for measuring the pulsewidths of transients created by SETs. Experimental data was gathered using heavy ions from LETs of 11.5 to 84 MeV - cm(2)/mg. The pulsewidths of SETs generated using heavy ions are measured using a variable temporal latch. Our SET's widths at low LETs agree exceptionally well with previous localized beam measurements. C1 ATK Mission Res, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP ATK Mission Res, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM Peaton@mrcmicroe.com NR 14 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3365 EP 3368 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.840020 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300042 ER PT J AU Dyer, CS Hunter, K Clucas, S Campbell, A AF Dyer, CS Hunter, K Clucas, S Campbell, A TI Observation of the solar particle events of October and November 2003 from CREDO and MPTB SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE dynamic random access memories (DRAMs); heavy ions; linear energy transfer spectra; protons; single-event effects (SEE); solar particle events ID MAXIMUM; MODEL AB Proton fluxes, linear energy transfer spectra, and single-event effects (SEEs) rates for the five solar particle events occurring during October 26 to November 6, 2003, are compared with previous events of the current solar maximum and with environment models. It is shown that this period includes the worst week for the current solar maximum and that this exceeds the October 1989 worst week in protons but not in ions. The SEE rates illustrate the importance of allowing for both proton and heavy ion contributions, the relative importance of which varies from event to event and with time during individual events. C1 USN, Res Lab, Solid State Devices Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM csdyer@space.qinetiq.com; campbell@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3388 EP 3393 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839156 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300046 ER PT J AU Marshall, P Carts, M Campbell, A Ladbury, R Reed, R Marshall, C Currie, S McMorrow, D Buchner, S Seidleck, C Riggs, P Fritz, K Randall, B Gilbert, B AF Marshall, P Carts, M Campbell, A Ladbury, R Reed, R Marshall, C Currie, S McMorrow, D Buchner, S Seidleck, C Riggs, P Fritz, K Randall, B Gilbert, B TI A comparative study of heavy-ion and proton-induced bit-error sensitivity and complex burst-error modes in commercially available high-speed SiGeBiCMOS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE ground testing; high-speed testing; silicon germanium (SiGe); single-event effect (SEE); single-event upset (SEU) ID SIGEHBT DIGITAL LOGIC; DATA RATES AB We compare heavy ion and proton SEE data on commercial SiGe technologies from IBMs 7 HP and 5 AM processes and Jazz Semiconductors SiGe120 process at data rates from 50 Mb/s to 12.4 Gb/s. Complex burst-error trends correlate with both data rate and particle LET, as well as pulsed laser probing of both data paths and clock distribution circuitry. C1 Raytheon Informat Technol, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Orbital Sci Corp, McLean, VA 20166 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM PWMarshall@aol.com NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3457 EP 3463 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839193 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300056 ER PT J AU Liu, ST Liu, HY Anthony, D Heikkila, W Hughes, H Campbell, A Petersen, EL McMarr, PJ AF Liu, ST Liu, HY Anthony, D Heikkila, W Hughes, H Campbell, A Petersen, EL McMarr, PJ TI Proton-induced upset in SOI CMOS SRAMS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE double-node hit; figure-of-merit; heavy ion; proton; single-event upset (SEU); silicon-on-insulator; SRAM; total dose radiation hardness ID TECHNOLOGY; SILICON; DEVICES; MODEL AB The results of proton-induced single-event upset (SEU) measurements on radiation hard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS SRAMS are discussed and compared with a generalized figure-of-merit (FOM) prediction. Fairly large differences between the measured upset cross section and the cross section predicted by the FOM prediction were observed. The measured upset cross section is explained with a double-node hit model. Calculated double-node hit model cross sections compare well with measured data for SOT 1- and 4-Mb SRAMS. C1 Honeywell Def & Space Elect Syst, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, ST (reprint author), Honeywell Def & Space Elect Syst, Plymouth, MN 55441 USA. EM mike.liu@honeywell.com; hughes@estd.nrl.navy.mil; epetersen3@earthlink.net NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3475 EP 3479 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839175 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300059 ER PT J AU Benedetto, J Eaton, P Avery, K Mavis, D Gadlage, M Turflinger, T Dodd, PE Vizkelethyd, G AF Benedetto, J Eaton, P Avery, K Mavis, D Gadlage, M Turflinger, T Dodd, PE Vizkelethyd, G TI Heavy ion-induced digital single-event transients in deep submicron processes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE error-rate; heavy ion; radiation effects; single event effects; single event transient; single event upset; transient propagation; transient pulse width ID BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; COMBINATIONAL LOGIC; SIMULATION; COMPARATORS; MICROBEAM; DESIGN; CHARGE; SETS AB Single-event transients (SETs) in digital circuits/processes are examined. SETs appear to substantially mitigate traditional SEU static-latch hardening techniques below 0.25 mum. The resulting IC error rate for advanced technology node hardened-electronics is dominated by the combinational-logic SET rate. C1 Mission Res Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Benedetto, J (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM benedetto@mrcmicroe.com; peaton@mrcmicroe.com; peaton@mrcmicroe.com; dgmaivs@mrcmicro.com; Gadlage_m@atd.crane.navy.mil; Turflinger@atd.crane.navy.mil; pedodd@sandia.gov; gvizkel@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 71 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3480 EP 3485 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839173 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300060 ER PT J AU Boulghassoul, Y Buchner, S McMorrow, D Pouget, V Massengill, LW Fouillat, P Holman, WT Poivey, C Howard, JW Savage, M Maher, MC AF Boulghassoul, Y Buchner, S McMorrow, D Pouget, V Massengill, LW Fouillat, P Holman, WT Poivey, C Howard, JW Savage, M Maher, MC TI Investigation of millisecond-long analog single-event transients in the LM6144 Op amp SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE analog single-event transients; heavy-ion broad-beam; LM6144 operational amplifier; millisecond pulse width; multistable circuit; picosecond pulsed lased; radiation hardening by design ID PULSED-LASER; DESIGNS AB A new category of analog single-event transients (SETs) with millisecond-long durations have been experimentally observed in the LM6144 operational amplifier. It is the first time that events with such extreme widths are under investigation in a linear integrated circuit. Relying on heavy-ion broadbeam tests, picosecond pulsed lasers diagnostics, and computer-assisted circuit modeling, we uncover the mechanisms and causes of these anomalous voltage transients. The identification of the problematic area of the IC reveals that the bias/startup circuitry is sensitive to energetic ionizing particles and can be responsible for corrupted circuit operations when subjected to a heavy-ion strike. A circuit hardening solution with minimal impact on the layout and the electrical performances of the op amp are proposed to mitigate this effect. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NASA, QSS, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, IXL, Microelect Lab, F-33405 Talence, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, SGT, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Jaskon & Tull, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NAVSEA, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. RP Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3529 EP 3536 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839196 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300067 ER PT J AU Savage, MW Titus, JL Turflinger, TL Pease, RL Poivey, C AF Savage, MW Titus, JL Turflinger, TL Pease, RL Poivey, C TI A comprehensive analog single-event transient analysis methodology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE analog; heavy ions; OP-27; operational-amplifier; single-event transient (SET) ID BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; NMOS MICROPROCESSORS; INDUCED ERRORS; HEAVY-ION; SEU; UPSET; COMPARATORS; DEVICES; SYSTEMS; VULNERABILITY AB A new method for analyzing analog single-event transient (ASET) data has been developed. The approach allows for quantitative error calculations, given device failure thresholds. The method is described and employed in the analysis of an OP-27 op-amp. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RLP Res Inc, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. RP Savage, MW (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM savage_m@atd.crane.navy.mil NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3546 EP 3552 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839107 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300069 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Buchner, S Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Maher, M Savage, MW AF McMorrow, D Buchner, S Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Maher, M Savage, MW TI Demonstration of single-event effects induced by through-wafer two-photon absorption SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE LM124 operational amplifier; multiphoton absorption; nonlinear absorption; nonlinear-optical carrier injection; single-event effects (SEE); single-event transients (SET) AB The first demonstration of through-wafer two-photon absorption (TPA) single-event effects (SEEs) testing is presented. We interrogate the single-event transient (SET) response of several different nodes of the LM124 operational amplifier via TPA carrier injection through both the front and back (substrate) chip surfaces. The results reveal that the SETs and sensitivities produced in several different nodes by front-side and back-side irradiation are effectively identical, confirming the validity of this approach for SEE studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. Navsea Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3553 EP 3557 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839106 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300070 ER PT J AU Buchner, S Howard, J Poivey, C McMorrow, D Pease, R AF Buchner, S Howard, J Poivey, C McMorrow, D Pease, R TI Pulsed-laser testing methodology for single event transients in linear devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE linear devices; pulsed-laser testing; radiation single event transients ID CIRCUITS; LIGHT; ICS AB A methodology for testing linear devices for single event transients that uses a pulsed laser to supplement a heavy-ion accelerator is proposed. The method is based on an analysis of plots of transient amplitudes versus width over a range of laser pulse input energies and heavy-ion LETs. Additional data illustrating the method are presented that include the dependence of SETs on circuit configuration in a comparator (LM111) and operational amplifier (LM124). If judiciously used, the methodology has the advantage that the amount of heavy-ion accelerator testing can be reduced. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20772 USA. Jackson & Tull, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. RP Buchner, S (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20772 USA. EM sbuchner@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; jihoward@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; cpoivey@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; mcmorrow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; rpease@mrcmicroe.com NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3716 EP 3722 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839263 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300094 ER PT J AU Minson, E Sanchez, I Barnaby, HJ Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, G AF Minson, E Sanchez, I Barnaby, HJ Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, G TI Assessment of gated sweep technique for total dose and dose rate analysis in bipolar oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE bipolar transistor; diodes; dose rate; ELDRS; gate sweep; ionizing radiation; radiation effects ID LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PASSIVATION LAYERS; TRANSISTORS; SEPARATION; DEVICES; PROTON AB The efficacy of a gate sweep characterization technique for extracting radiation defect densities in bipolar devices as a function of total dose, dose rate, irradiation bias and device geometry has been studied. The parts analyzed were all NP type gated diodes formed with the n-type emitter and p-type base of a standard linear bipolar process. Diodes, having either 7 or 14 mum gate widths, were exposed to ionizing radiation at dose rates of 17 and 0.017 rad(Si)/s with either 0 or 10 V gate biases. Characteristics at several doses were measured using a step stress approach. The majority of the experimental results are shown to be consistent with the space charge model for enhanced-low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS) in bipolar technologies. The results also show, as expected, that gate width has no influence on fixed oxide trapped charge buildup. However, the results suggest the need to refine the standard technique for extracting interface trap densities; where the area of the gate electrode is a critical parameter. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. NAVSEA CRANE, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Minson, E (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3723 EP 3729 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839264 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300095 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Seiler, JE Barnaby, HJ Schrimpf, RD Shaneyfelt, MR Maher, MC Nowlin, RN AF Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Seiler, JE Barnaby, HJ Schrimpf, RD Shaneyfelt, MR Maher, MC Nowlin, RN TI Characterization of enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) effects using gated lateral PNP transistor structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS); p-glass/nitride ID BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS; LINEAR VOLTAGE COMPARATOR; LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PASSIVATION LAYERS; GAIN DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; RADIATION; OXIDES; CHARGE AB The high and low dose rate responses of bipolar transistors in a bipolar linear circuit process technology have been studied with specially designed gated lateral pup test transistors that allow for the extraction of the oxide trapped charge (N-ot) and interface trap (N-it) densities. The buildup of N-ot and N-it with total dose is investigated as a function of the irradiation gate voltage at 39 rad/s and 20 mrad/s for three variations of the final passivation layer (all variations had the same oxide covering the active region of the devices). The three variations in final passivation were selected to exhibit minimal degradation at high and low dose rate (no passivation), significant degradation at high and low dose rate (p-glass/nitride) and enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) (p-glass only). It is shown that the increase in base current is dominated by increased N-it and the "true" low dose rate enhancement in the ELDRS parts occurs for zero and negative gate voltage, but is eliminated for large positive gate voltage and elevated temperature irradiation. Implications for ELDRS models are discussed. C1 RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87154 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. ATK Miss Res, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. EM rpease@mrcmicroe.com RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3773 EP 3780 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839258 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300103 ER PT J AU Luqi Zhang, L Berzins, V Qiao, Y AF Luqi Zhang, L Berzins, V Qiao, Y TI Documentation driven development for complex real-time systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE software development; documentation; agility; information representation; complex systems; real-time systems AB This paper presents a novel approach for development of complex real-time systems, called the documentation-driven development (DDD) approach. This approach can enhance integration of computer aided software development activities, which encompass the entire life cycle. DDD will provide a mechanism to monitor and quickly respond to changes in requirements and provide a friendly communication and collaboration environment to enable different stakeholders to be easily involved in development processes and, therefore, significantly improve the agility of software development for complex real-time systems. DDD will also support automated software generation based on a computational model and some relevant techniques. DDD includes two main parts: a documentation management system (DMS) and a process measurement system (PMS). DMS will create, organize, monitor, analyze, and transform all documentation associated with the software development process. PMS will monitor the frequent changes in requirements and assess the effort and success possibility of development. A case study was conducted by a tool set that realized part of the proposed approach. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn Automat Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM luqi@nps.edu; lzhang@nps.edu; berzins@nps.edu; yqiao@nps.edu NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0098-5589 EI 1939-3520 J9 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG JI IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 936 EP 952 DI 10.1109/TSE.2004.100 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 881RI UT WOS:000225886200007 ER PT J AU Anantha, RP McVeigh, AL Lee, LH Agnew, MK Cassels, FJ Scott, DA Whittam, TS Savarino, SJ AF Anantha, RP McVeigh, AL Lee, LH Agnew, MK Cassels, FJ Scott, DA Whittam, TS Savarino, SJ TI Evolutionary and functional relationships of colonization factor antigen I and other class 5 adhesive fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CS1 PILI; GENOME SEQUENCE; MAJOR SUBUNIT; PROTEINS; DIARRHEA; HUMANS; GENE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IDENTIFICATION AB Colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) is the archetype of eight genetically related fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) designated class 5 fimbriae. Assembled by the alternate chaperone pathway, these organelles comprise a rigid stalk of polymerized major subunits and an apparently tip-localized minor adhesive subunit. We examined the evolutionary relationships of class 5-specific structural proteins and correlated these with functional properties. We sequenced the gene clusters encoding coli surface antigen 4 (CS4), CS14, CS17, CS19, and putative colonization factor antigen O71 (PCFO71) and analyzed the deduced proteins and the published homologs of CFA/I, CS1, and CS2. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the proteins encoded by each operon define three subclasses, 5a (CFA/I, CS4, and CS14),5b (CS1, CS17, CS19, and PCFO71), and 5c (CS2). These share distant evolutionary relatedness to fimbrial systems of three other genera. Subclass divisions generally correlate with distinguishing in vitro adherence phenotypes of strains bearing the ETEC fimbriae. Phylogenetic comparisons of the individual structural proteins demonstrated greater intrasubclass conservation among the minor subunits than the major subunits. To correlate this with functional attributes, we made antibodies against CFA/I and CS17 whole fimbriae and maltose-binding protein fusions with the amino-terminal half of the corresponding minor subunits. Anti-minor subunit Fab preparations showed hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) of ETEC expressing homologous and intrasubclass heterologous colonization factors while anti-fimbrial Fab fractions showed HAI activity limited to colonization factor-homologous ETEC. These results were corroborated with similar results from the Caco-2 cell adherence assay. Our findings suggest that the minor subunits of class 5 fimbriae may be superior to whole fimbriae in inducing antiadhesive immunity. C1 USN, Enter Dis Dept, Dept Med Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Microbial Evolut Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Enter Dis Dept, Dept Med Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM savarinos@nmrc.navy.mil RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 NR 58 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7190 EP 7201 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.12.7190-7201.2004 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 875WW UT WOS:000225453900050 PM 15557644 ER PT J AU Holm, ER Orihuela, B Rittschof, D AF Holm, ER Orihuela, B Rittschof, D TI Genetic variation in adhesive tenacity and adhesive plaque characteristics in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Indian Head, MD USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM HolmER@nswccd.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 570 EP 570 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721400240 ER PT J AU Zheng, T Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zheng, T Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI The influence of heat resistance and heat leak on the performance of a four-heat-reservoir absorption refrigerator with heat transfer law of Q alpha Delta (T-1) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE finite time thermodynamics; thermodynamic optimization; four-heat-reservoir absorption refrigerator; linear phenomenological heat transfer law ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION AB On the basis of an endoreversible absorption refrigeration cycle model with Newton's heat transfer law, an irreversible four-heat-reservoir cycle model with another linear heat transfer law of Q alpha Delta(T-1) is built by taking account the heat leak and heat resistance losses. The fundamental optimal relation between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the cooling load, the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load, as well as the maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP of the cycle with another linear heat transfer law coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. The optimal distribution relation of the heat-transfer surface areas is also obtained. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the COP and the cooling load of the cycle are studied by detailed numerical examples. The results obtained herein are of importance to the optimal design and performance improvement of a four-heat-reservoir absorption refrigeration cycle. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Engn, USN, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Univ Engn, USN, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1187 EP 1195 DI 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2004.04.008 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 863ZT UT WOS:000224603000007 ER PT J AU Bankert, RL Hadjimichael, M Kuciauskas, AP Thompson, WT Richardson, K AF Bankert, RL Hadjimichael, M Kuciauskas, AP Thompson, WT Richardson, K TI Remote cloud ceiling assessment using data-mining methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE CLOSURE-MODEL; MESOSCALE; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTION; VISIBILITY; SYSTEM; EVENT AB Data-mining methods are applied to numerical weather prediction (NWP) output and satellite data to develop automated algorithms for the diagnosis of cloud ceiling height in regions where no local observations are available at analysis time. A database of hourly records that include Coupled Ocean - Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) output, satellite data, and ground truth observations [ aviation routine weather reports (METAR)] has been created. Data were collected over a 2.5-yr period for specific locations in California. Data-mining techniques have been applied to the database to determine relationships in the collected physical parameters that best estimate cloud ceiling conditions, with an emphasis on low ceiling heights. Algorithm development resulted in a three-step approach: 1) determine if a cloud ceiling exists, 2) if a cloud ceiling is determined to exist, determine if the ceiling is high or low ( below 1 000 m), and 3) if the cloud ceiling is determined to be low, compute ceiling height. A sample of the performance evaluation indicates an average absolute height error of 120.6 m with a 0.76 correlation and a root-mean-square error of 168.0 m for the low-cloud-ceiling testing set. These results are a significant improvement over the ceiling-height estimations generated by an operational translation algorithm applied to COAMPS output. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM bankert@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1929 EP 1946 DI 10.1175/JAM2177.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 889QX UT WOS:000226458600010 ER PT J AU Chang, W Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM Bellotti, JA Qadri, SB Haeni, JH Schlom, DG AF Chang, W Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM Bellotti, JA Qadri, SB Haeni, JH Schlom, DG TI Room-temperature tunable microwave properties of strained SrTiO3 films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; FERROELECTRICS; PERMITTIVITY; CAPACITORS; CONSTANT AB Structural distortion of ferroelectric thin films caused by film strain has a strong impact on the microwave dielectric properties. SrTiO3 thin films epitaxially grown on (110) DyScO3 substrates using molecular beam epitaxy are extremely strained (i.e., similar to1% in-plane tensional strain) from 3.905 Angstrom of bulk SrTiO3. The room-temperature in-plane dielectric constant and its tuning of the films at 10 GHz are observed to be 6000 and 75% with an electric field of 1 V/mum, respectively. The control of strain in SrTiO3 provides a basis for room-temperature tunable microwave applications by elevating its phase-transition peak to room temperature. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chang@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6629 EP 6633 DI 10.1063/1.1813641 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800106 ER PT J AU Li, H Mei, T Lantz, KP Karunasiri, G AF Li, H Mei, T Lantz, KP Karunasiri, G TI Growth of InGaAsP based asymmetric quantum well infrared photodetector using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERSUBBAND TRANSITIONS; WAVELENGTH; SUPERLATTICES; PARAMETERS; ALLOYS AB A lattice-matched InyGa1-yAszP1-z/InwGa1-wAsvP1-v/InxGa1-xAs asymmetric step quantum well infrared photodetector grown by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) using N-2 carrier with tertiarybutylarsine (TBA) and tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) is reported. The spectral responsivity of the detector has its peak at a wavelength of 10.7 mum with a peak responsivity of 0.19 A/W under 0.8 V bias at 25 K. A maximum peak detectivity of 1.9x10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W was achieved under 0.6 V bias at 25 K. The measured activation energy using thermionic emission of carriers is found to be about 81 meV. This work demonstrates the fabrication of InP based quantum well infrared detectors using MOVPE with TBA and TBP sources with performance comparable to that achieved using molecular beam epitaxy. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mei, T (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM ETMei@ntu.edu.sg RI Mei, Ting/B-2850-2008 OI Mei, Ting/0000-0001-7756-040X NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6799 EP 6802 DI 10.1063/1.1810203 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800133 ER PT J AU Boteler, JM Sutherland, GT AF Boteler, JM Sutherland, GT TI Tensile failure of water due to shock wave interactions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE PRESSURES; CAVITATION; LIQUIDS; SONOLUMINESCENCE; STRENGTH; LIMIT AB A series of low stress shock impact experiments were performed on water to examine the dynamic response under tension and establish a lower bound for water rupture or cavitation threshold. The experimental cell configuration permitted particle velocity measurements at the water-air free surface separated by a 5-mum-thick aluminized Mylar diaphragm. Water samples were triply distilled, de-ionized, and degassed prior to experiments. The average tensile strength for shock-induced cavitation in the water was found to be 8.7+/-0.2 MPa. Experiments are compared with hydrocode simulations using a simple fracture criterion and published experimental data. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Warfare Ctr Indian Head, Res & Technol Dept, Dynam Properties Grp, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP USN, Warfare Ctr Indian Head, Res & Technol Dept, Dynam Properties Grp, Code 920W, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM botelerjm@aol.com NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6919 EP 6924 DI 10.1063/1.1810635 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800152 ER PT J AU Barron, CN Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Rowley, C Smedstad, LF AF Barron, CN Kara, AB Hurlburt, HE Rowley, C Smedstad, LF TI Sea surface height predictions from the global Navy Coastal Ocean Model during 1998-2001 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED MIXED-LAYER; SKILL SCORES; SYSTEM AB A 1/8degrees global version of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), operational at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), is used for prediction of sea surface height (SSH) on daily and monthly time scales during 1998-2001. Model simulations that use 3-hourly wind and thermal forcing obtained from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) are performed with/without data assimilation to examine indirect/direct effects of atmospheric forcing in predicting SSH. Model-data evaluations are performed using the extensive database of daily averaged SSH values from tide gauges in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans obtained from the Joint Archive for Sea Level (JASL) center during 1998-2001. Model-data comparisons are based on observations from 282 tide gauge locations. An inverse barometer correction was applied to SSH time series from tide gauges for model-data comparisons, and a sensitivity study is undertaken to assess the impact of the inverse barometer correction on the SSH validation. A set of statistical metrics that includes conditional bias (B-cond), root-mean-square (rms) difference, correlation coefficient (R), and nondimensional skill score (SS) is used to evaluate the model performance. It is shown that global NCOM has skill in representing SSH even in a free-running simulation, with general improvement when SSH from satellite altimetry and sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite IR are assimilated via synthetic temperature and salinity profiles derived from climatological correlations. When the model was run from 1998 to 2001 with NOGAPS forcing, daily model SSH comparisons from 612 yearlong daily tide gauge time series gave a median rms difference of 5.98 cm (5.77 cm), an R value of 0.72 (0.76), and an SS value of 0.45 (0.51) for the 1/8degrees free-running (assimilative) NCOM. Similarly, error statistics based on the 30-day running averages of SSH time series for 591 yearlong daily tide gauge time series over the time frame 1998-2001 give a median rms difference of 3.63 cm (3.36 cm), an R value of 0.83 (0.85), and an SS value of 0.60 (0.64) for the A 1/8degrees free-running (assimilated) NCOM. Model data comparisons show that skill in 30-day running average SSH time series is as much as 30% higher than skill for daily SSH. Finally, SSH predictions from the free-running and assimilative A 1/8degrees NCOM simulations are validated against sea level data from the tide gauges in two different ways: 1) using original detided sea level time series from tide gauges and 2) using the detided data with an inverse barometer correction derived using daily mean sea level pressure extracted from NOGAPS at each location. Based on comparisons with 612 yearlong daily tide gauge time series during 1998-2001, the inverse barometer correction lowered the median rms difference by about 1 cm (15%-20%). Results presented in this paper reveal that NCOM is able to predict SSH with reasonable accuracies, as evidenced by model simulations performed during 1998-2001. In an extension of the validation over broader ocean regions, the authors find good agreement in amplitude and distribution of SSH variability between NCOM and other operational model products. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Barron, CN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7323,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM barron@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1876 EP 1893 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1680.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885VD UT WOS:000226184300010 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DA Wimbush, M Watts, DR Teague, WJ AF Mitchell, DA Wimbush, M Watts, DR Teague, WJ TI The residual GEM technique and its application to the southwestern Japan/East sea SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAVEST EMPIRICAL MODE; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDER AB The standard gravest empirical mode (GEM) technique for utilizing hydrography in concert with integral ocean measurements performs poorly in the southwestern Japan/East Sea (JES) because of a spatially variable seasonal signal and a shallow thermocline. This paper presents a new method that combines the U.S. Navy's Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) static climatology (which implicitly contains the mean seasonal signal) with historical hydrography to construct a "residual GEM'' from which profiles of such parameters as temperature (T) and specific volume anomaly (delta) can be estimated from measurements of an integral quantity such as geopotential height or acoustic echo time (tau). This is called the residual GEM technique. In a further refinement, sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are included in the profile determinations. In the southwestern JES, profiles determined by the standard GEM technique capture 70% of the T variance and 64% of the delta variance, while the residual GEM technique using SST captures 89% of the T variance and 84% of the delta variance. The residual GEM technique was applied to optimally interpolated tau measurements from a two-dimensional array of pressure-gauge-equipped inverted echo sounders moored from June 1999 to July 2001 in the southwestern JES, resulting in daily 3D estimated fields of T and delta throughout the region. These estimates are compared with those from direct measurements and good agreement is found between them. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Mitchell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Code 7332, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM dmitchell@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 15 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1895 EP 1909 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1668.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885VD UT WOS:000226184300011 ER PT J AU Wang, DW Hwang, PA AF Wang, DW Hwang, PA TI The dispersion relation of short wind waves from space-time wave measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANDOM GRAVITY-WAVES; SEA-SURFACE WAVES; PHASE-VELOCITY; MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS; WATER-WAVES; SPECTRA; OCEAN; FIELD; EQUILIBRIUM; SATURATION AB To study the dispersion relation of short wind waves, a linear wave gauge array (WGA) is configured and mounted on a wave-following buoy to conduct in situ space-time measurements of short gravity waves. Results from two field deployments of the WGA buoy in growing seas are presented. The two-dimensional (2D) wavenumber-frequency spectra derived from the space-time measurements provide a direct examination on the relation of wave frequency and wavenumber of short waves in the along-wind direction. Both wavenumber-based and frequency-based phase velocities are extracted from the 2D spectra. The effect of higher harmonics resulting from the Fourier decomposition of nonlinear wave profiles is more prominent to the frequency-based phase velocity than the wavenumber-based phase velocity. The wavenumber-based phase velocity is consistent with that according to the linear dispersion relation, while the frequency-based phase velocity becomes larger due to the higher harmonics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy,Oceanog Div, Meso & Finescale Ocean Phys Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Wang, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy,Oceanog Div, Meso & Finescale Ocean Phys Sect, Code 7330, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM dwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1936 EP 1945 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1669.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885VD UT WOS:000226184300014 ER PT J AU Priest, FG Barker, M Baillie, LWJ Holmes, EC Maiden, MCJ AF Priest, FG Barker, M Baillie, LWJ Holmes, EC Maiden, MCJ TI Population structure and evolution of the Bacillus cereus group SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; GENOME SEQUENCE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; THURINGIENSIS SEROVARS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; ANTHRACIS; STRAINS; BACTERIA; GENE AB Representative strains of the Bacillus cereus group of bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis (11 isolates), B. cereus (38 isolates), Bacillus mycoides (1 isolate), Bacillus thuringiensis (53 isolates from 17 serovars), and Bacillus weihenstephanensis (2 isolates) were assigned to 59 sequence types (STs) derived from the nucleotide sequences of seven alleles,glpF,gmk,ilvD,pta,pur,pycA, and tpi. Comparisons of the maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the concatenated sequences with individual gene trees showed more congruence than expected by chance, indicating a generally clonal structure to the population. The STs followed two major lines of descent. Clade 1 comprised B. anthracis strains, numerous B. cereus strains, and rare B. thuringiensis strains, while clade 2 included the majority of the B. thuringiensis strains together with some B. cereus strains. Other species were allocated to a third, heterogeneous clade. The ML trees and split decomposition analysis were used to assign STs to eight lineages within clades 1 and 2. These lineages were defined by bootstrap analysis and by a preponderance of fixed differences over shared polymorphisms among the STs. Lineages were named with reference to existing designations: Anthracis, Cereus I, Cereus II, Cereus III, Kurstaki, Sotto, Thuringiensis, and Tolworthi. Strains from some B. thuringiensis serovars were wholly or largely assigned to a single ST, for example, serovar aizawai isolates were assigned to ST-15, serovar kenyae isolates were assigned to ST-13, and serovar tolworthi isolates were assigned to ST-23, while other serovars, such as serovar canadensis, were genetically heterogeneous. We suggest a revision of the nomenclature in which the lineage and clone are recognized through name and ST designations in accordance with the clonal structure of the population. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Priest, FG (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM f.g.priest@hw.ac.uk OI Baillie, Les/0000-0002-8186-223X; Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552; Maiden, Martin/0000-0001-6321-5138 NR 57 TC 189 Z9 196 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 186 IS 23 BP 7959 EP 7970 DI 10.1128/JB.186.23.7959-7970.2004 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 873HY UT WOS:000225271700016 PM 15547268 ER PT J AU Polyakov, IV Alekseev, GV Timokhov, LA Bhatt, US Colony, RL Simmons, HL Walsh, D Walsh, JE Zakharov, VF AF Polyakov, IV Alekseev, GV Timokhov, LA Bhatt, US Colony, RL Simmons, HL Walsh, D Walsh, JE Zakharov, VF TI Variability of the intermediate Atlantic water of the Arctic Ocean over the last 100 years SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CANADIAN BASIN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VERTICAL HEAT-FLUX; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; NORDIC SEAS; ICE COVER; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; OSCILLATION AB Recent observations show dramatic changes of the Arctic atmosphere-ice-ocean system, including a rapid warming in the intermediate Atlantic water of the Arctic Ocean. Here it is demonstrated through the analysis of a vast collection of previously unsynthesized observational data, that over the twentieth century Atlantic water variability was dominated by low-frequency oscillations (LFO) on time scales of 50-80 yr. Associated with this variability, the Atlantic water temperature record shows two warm periods in the 1930s-40s and in recent decades and two cold periods earlier in the century and in the 1960s-70s. Over recent decades, the data show a warming and salinification of the Atlantic layer accompanied by its shoaling and, probably, thinning. The estimate of the Atlantic water temperature variability shows a general warming trend; however, over the 100-yr record there are periods (including the recent decades) with short-term trends strongly amplified by multidecadal variations. Observational data provide evidence that Atlantic water temperature, Arctic surface air temperature, and ice extent and fast ice thickness in the Siberian marginal seas display coherent LFO. The hydrographic data used support a negative feedback mechanism through which changes of density act to moderate the inflow of Atlantic water to the Arctic Ocean, consistent with the decrease of positive Atlantic water temperature anomalies in the late 1990s. The sustained Atlantic water temperature and salinity anomalies in the Arctic Ocean are associated with hydrographic anomalies of the same sign in the Greenland-Norwegian Seas and of the opposite sign in the Labrador Sea. Finally, it is found that the Arctic air-sea-ice system and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature display coherent low-frequency fluctuations. Elucidating the mechanisms behind this relationship will be critical to an understanding of the complex nature of low-frequency variability found in the Arctic and in lower-latitude regions. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 757335, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM igor@iarc.uaf.edu RI Bhatt, Uma/D-3674-2009 NR 75 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 23 BP 4485 EP 4497 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3224.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 876MP UT WOS:000225501400001 ER PT J AU Shaheen, HI Khalil, SB Rao, MR Abu Elyazeed, R Wierzba, TF Peruski, LF Putnam, S Navarro, A Morsy, BZ Cravioto, A Clemens, JD Svennerholm, AM Savarino, SJ AF Shaheen, HI Khalil, SB Rao, MR Abu Elyazeed, R Wierzba, TF Peruski, LF Putnam, S Navarro, A Morsy, BZ Cravioto, A Clemens, JD Svennerholm, AM Savarino, SJ TI Phenotypic profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with early childhood diarrhea in rural Egypt SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; ETEC; PREVALENCE; TRAVELERS; INFANTS; DISEASE AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes substantial diarrheal morbidity and mortality in young children in countries with limited resources. We determined the phenotypic profiles of 915 ETEC diarrheal isolates derived from Egyptian children under 3 years of age who participated in a 3-year population-based study. For each strain, we ascertained enterotoxin and colonization factor (CF) expression, the O:H serotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Sixty-one percent of the strains expressed heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) only, 26% expressed heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) alone, and 12% expressed both toxins. The most common CF phenotypes were colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) (10%), coli surface antigen 6 (CS6) (We), CS14 (6%), and CS1 plus CS3 (4%). Fifty-nine percent of the strains did not express any of the 12 CFs included in our test panel. Resistance of ETEC strains to ampicillin (63%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (52%), and tetracycline (43%) was common, while resistance to quinolone antibiotics was rarely detected. As for the distribution of observed serotypes, there was an unusually wide diversity of 0 antigens and H types represented among the 915 ETEC strains. The most commonly recognized composite ETEC phenotypes were ST CS14 O78:H18 (4%), ST (or LTST) CFA/I O128:H12 (3%), ST CS1+CS3 O6:H16 (2%), and ST CFA/I O153:H45 (1.5%). Temporal plots of diarrheal episodes associated with ETEC strains bearing common composite phenotypes were consistent with discrete community outbreaks either within a single or over successive warm seasons. These data suggest that a proportion of the disease that is endemic to young children in rural Egypt represents the confluence of small epidemics by clonally related ETEC strains that are transiently introduced or that persist in a community reservoir. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Minist Hlth & Populat, Abu Homos, Beheira Governo, Egypt. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM savarinos@nmrc.navy.mil FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 44 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5588 EP 5595 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5588-5595.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800025 PM 15583286 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I Soballe, PW Anderson, WF AF Jatoi, I Soballe, PW Anderson, WF TI Delayed benefit of mammography screening in premenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BREAST-CANCER C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 23 BP 4860 EP 4860 DI 10.1200/JCO.2004.99.017 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 886NW UT WOS:000226236600033 PM 15570095 ER PT J AU Norton, GV Novarini, JC AF Norton, GV Novarini, JC TI Including dispersion and attenuation in time domain modeling of pulse propagation in spatially-varying media SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE FDTD; dispersion; causality; propagation ID FREQUENCY POWER-LAW; WAVE-PROPAGATION; EQUATIONS AB Modeling of acoustic pulse propagation in nonideal fluids requires the inclusion of attenuation and its causal companion, dispersion. For the case of propagation in a linear, unbounded medium Szabo developed a convolutional propagation operator which, when introduced into the linear wave equation, accounts for attenuation and causal dispersion for any medium whose attenuation possesses a generalized Fourier transform. Utilizing a one dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) model Norton and Novarini showed that for an unbounded isotropic medium, the inclusion of this unique form of the convolutional propagation operator into the wave equation correctly carries the information of attenuation and dispersion into the time domain. This paper addresses the question whether or not the operator can be used as a basic building block for pulse propagation in a spatially dependent dispersive environment. The operator is therefore used to model 2-D pulse propagation in the presence of an interface separating two dispersive media. This represents the simplest description of a spatially dependent dispersive media. It was found that the transmitted and backscattered fields are in excellent agreement with theoretical expectations demonstrating the effectiveness of the local operator to model the field in spatially dependent dispersive media. [Work supported by ONR/NRL.] C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. RP Norton, GV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 501 EP 519 DI 10.1142/S0218396X04002389 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 894TJ UT WOS:000226814200002 ER PT J AU Matt, GD Thorpe, JR Strother, JM McClanahan, SB AF Matt, GD Thorpe, JR Strother, JM McClanahan, SB TI Comparative study of white and gray Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) simulating a one- or two-step apical barrier technique SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID END FILLING MATERIALS; ADULT MONKEY TEETH; RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS; ROOT PERFORATIONS; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; SEALING ABILITY; LONG-TERM; REPAIR; MODEL; APEXIFICATION AB This study investigated the use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an apical barrier by comparing the sealing ability and set hardness of white and gray MTA. Forty-four root segments were prepared to simulate an open apex. Apical barriers of white and gray MTA were placed to a thickness of 2 mm or 5 mm. The samples were obturated immediately (onestep) or after the MTA set for 24 h (two-steps). After placement in methylene blue dye for 48 h, the samples were sectioned for leakage analysis and microhardness testing of the barrier. Gray MTA demonstrated significantly less leakage than white MTA (p < 0.001), and the two-step technique showed significantly less leakage than one-step (p < 0.006). The 5-mm thick barrier was significantly harder than the 2 mm barrier, regardless of the type of MTA or number of steps (p < 0.01). Results suggested that a 5 mm apical barrier of gray MTA, using two-steps, provided the best apical barrier. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Endodont Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Res, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP McClanahan, SB (reprint author), 5419 Flint Tavern Pl, Burke, VA 22015 USA. EM mcclanahansb@nmd10.med.navy.mil NR 25 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 876 EP 879 DI 10.1097/01.don.0000136213.93171.45 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 874BZ UT WOS:000225327200011 PM 15564868 ER PT J AU Manheimer, W AF Manheimer, W TI The fusion hybrid as a key to sustainable development SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion energy; fusion-fission hybrid ID REACTOR; ENERGY; TRANSMUTATION; FUTURE; ITER AB If world development is to continue, mid-century energy requirements are daunting. For world development, per capita energy use in the developing world must be brought up to levels in the already developed world. Restrictions on how much CO2 mankind can responsibly put into the atmosphere may complicate the task further. Studies show that by 2050 the world will require an additional 10-30 terawatts (TW) of carbon free power, at least as much additional, as the 10 TW generated today with fossil fuel. This paper suggests that the fusion hybrid is one of rather few possibilities for generating this power economically, in an environmentally acceptable way, and with little proliferation danger. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manheime@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-5615-y PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 942DO UT WOS:000230263300001 ER PT J AU Soos, ZG Tsiper, EV Painelli, A AF Soos, ZG Tsiper, EV Painelli, A TI Polarization in organic molecular crystals and charge-transfer salts SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 325th Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Seminar on Organic Molecular Solids CY MAY 17-19, 2004 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY SP Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn DE polarization; dielectric response; organic molecular crystals; thin films; peierls transition ID ELECTRONIC POLARIZATION; TRANSFER COMPLEXES; PHASE-TRANSITION; SEMICONDUCTORS; PTCDA; SPECTROSCOPY; CHLORANIL; SPECTRA; ENERGY; FILMS AB Polarization in insulators is a general phenomenon that extends over nanometer distances. Two special cases illustrate recent theoretical progress. Polarization energies of localized charges in organic molecular crystals exceed the bandwidth and redistribute the charge density. A systematic treatment of electronic polarization is summarized in the limit of zero intermolecular overlap for pentacene crystals or thin films on metallic substrates, with special attention to the transport gap for producing a separated electron-hole pair and the optical dielectric tensor of the crystal. When overlap cannot be neglected, the general formulation of polarization in extended insulators is in terms of the exact ground state's phase. This formulation is applied to organic charge-transfer (CT) salts whose correlated electronic structure is described by one-dimensional Peierls-Hubbard models. Near the Peierls instability, coupling to lattice modes generates large peaks in the dielectric response that is primarily due to lattice vibrations. Comparisons with experiment are mentioned for both organic molecular crystals and CT salts. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim GIAF, I-43100 Parma, Italy. UdR Parma, INSTM, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Soos, ZG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM soos@princeton.edu OI Painelli, anna/0000-0002-3500-3848 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 110 IS 4 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.08.029 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 882EB UT WOS:000225920400028 ER PT J AU Dietrich, DE Haney, RL Fernandez, V Josey, SA Tintore, J AF Dietrich, DE Haney, RL Fernandez, V Josey, SA Tintore, J TI Air-sea fluxes based on observed annual cycle surface climatology and ocean model internal dynamics: a non-damping zero-phase-lag approach applied to the Mediterranean Sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ocean modeling; surface buoyancy fluxes; Mediterranean sea ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BUDGET; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION AB A new model-based method of determining the surface fluxes of heat and freshwater that are needed to force ocean models is presented. In contrast to deriving the fluxes from a simulation with a restoring surface boundary condition, the new method determines the fluxes as a residual within the framework of physically realistic and natural boundary conditions on the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS). The fluxes are computed (diagnosed) in such a way that an ensemble average of the model-simulated annual cycles of SST and SSS match the observed climatological annual cycles of SST and SSS, respectively. The surface boundary condition on the SST implicitly includes a net radiative flux (diagnosed) and a physically realistic heat exchange with the atmosphere (restoring flux), while the boundary condition on the SSS is the real freshwater flux (diagnosed) as proposed by Huang (J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33 (1993) 2428). Apart from being based on physically realistic surface boundary conditions, the advantage of the method is that it results in a realistic model simulation of the observed annual cycle of SST and SSS with no artificial damping of surface watermass fronts. The resulting heat fluxes and freshwater sources are realistic if the observed climatological data and model internal physics are accurate. The performance of the method is demonstrated using the DieCAST ocean model adapted to the Mediterranean Sea where the obtained model fluxes are compared with observations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UIB, CSIC, IMEDEA, E-07190 Esporles, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Fernandez, V (reprint author), UIB, CSIC, IMEDEA, E-07190 Esporles, Spain. EM v.fernandez@uib.es NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1-4 BP 145 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.01.006 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 878UL UT WOS:000225672500009 ER PT J AU Oh-ishi, K Boydon, J McNelley, TR AF Oh-ishi, K Boydon, J McNelley, TR TI Processing, deformation, and failure in superplastic aluminum alloys: Applications of orientation-imaging microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AeroMat 2004 Conference CY JUN 07-09, 2004 CL Seattle, WA DE aluminum; cavity growth; continuous recrystallization; deformation microstructures; deformation processing; deformation textures; discontinuous recrystallization; grain boundaries; grain refinement; recrystallization; superplasticity ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY EVOLUTION; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; REFINEMENT; TRANSITION; MECHANISMS; BANDS; SLIP AB The importance of grain size refinement in enabling superplasticity is reviewed, and the current understanding of grain boundary characteristics is summarized. The application of orientation-imaging microscopy (OIM) methods to the processing response and the deformation and failure modes in superplastic aluminum alloys are illustrated through microtexture analysis and determination of grain boundary characteristics in selected commercial materials. Continuous and discontinuous recrystallization reactions exhibit distinct microtextures and grain boundary characteristics. The application of OIM and microtexture analysis to the evaluation of both deformation and failure mechanisms during superplastic forming is illustrated. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Oh-ishi, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tmcnelley@nps.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 710 EP 719 DI 10.1361/10599490421349 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 882DZ UT WOS:000225920200010 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Cooper, KP Tran, NE AF Lambrakos, SG Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Cooper, KP Tran, NE TI Properties and effects of water-soluble inhibitors on the corrosion rates of structural metals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE corrosion inhibitors; seawater corrosion control; steel and aluminum corrosion rates; surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and water soluble corrosion inhibitors ID MULTIPHASE FLOW CONDITIONS; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; C-STEEL; FILMS; PERSISTENCY AB The effects of six commercial water-soluble inhibitor formulations on the corrosion rates of aluminum and steel in seawater were determined. Corrosion rates were measured by the weight loss of specimens following long-term immersion in artificial seawater containing inhibitors at the developer's recommended dosages. The effects of environmental changes on inhibitor behavior were also investigated by varying the seawater concentration in certain tests. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy was investigated as a method to observe the inherent adherence and persistence of the inhibitors at a metal surface. Results show that the level of effectiveness of the test inhibitors varies significantly and is dependent on the nature of the metal being protected. While some inhibitors reduce the corrosion of steel by up to 80%, others actually increase the corrosion rate. Four of the six inhibitors were observed to increase aluminum pitting; the other two offered protection. Two of the inhibitors reduced the corrosion rates for the aluminum and steel. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy was able to detect and discriminate between inhibitors. These measurements show good correlation between the adherence of an inhibitor to a metal surface and its ability to reduce corrosion rates. Results of this study provide a firm measure of the levels of corrosion control that can be achieved by commercially available inhibitor formulations. They also provide a quantitative basis for comparison and selection of corrosion inhibitors for use in a variety of applications (i.e., metal holding tanks and cans, recirculation loops, and modified wash downs of outdoor equipment typically experiencing deterioration due to exposure to salt-containing environments). C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Acad, Div Engn & Phys Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lambrako@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 766 EP 774 DI 10.1361/10599490421556 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 882DZ UT WOS:000225920200017 ER PT J AU Lim, JW Jain, H Toulouse, J Marjanovic, S Sanghera, JS Miklos, R Aggarwal, ID AF Lim, JW Jain, H Toulouse, J Marjanovic, S Sanghera, JS Miklos, R Aggarwal, ID TI Structure of alkali tungsten tellurite glasses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th University Conference on Glass Science CY AUG 13-15, 2003 CL Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Troy, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Gen Elect Co, IBM Corp, Nippon Elect Glass Co Ltd, PPG Ind HO Rensselaer Polytechn Inst ID ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; OXIDES; TRANSITION AB The electronic structure of two alkali tungsten tellurite glass series: (a) 10Li(2)O.xWO(3) -.(90 - x)TeO2, and (b) xK(2)O.(10 - x)-Li2O . 25WO(3) - 65TeO(2) has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In contrast to alkali tellurite glasses, the core level spectra of the various elements appear unaffected when TeO2 is replaced by WO3, with the alkali oxide concentration remaining constant. The Ols spectra do not indicate a clear separation of the bridging and non-bridging oxygen contributions. Thus we conclude that WO3 behaves essentially as a network former in tellurite glasses. We have also obtained valence band spectra of the glasses and observed major changes with the addition Of WO3. In particular, the intensity corresponding to the lowest energy part of the spectra, attributed to the O2p bonding orbital, decreases significantly with increasing WO3, indicating the appearance of a new bonding configuration. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Ctr Opt Technol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jain, H (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Ctr Opt Technol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM hjain@lehigh.edu NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 349 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.263 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 879MT UT WOS:000225722600011 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL Hiwatari, Y Moynihan, CT AF Habasaki, J Ngai, KL Hiwatari, Y Moynihan, CT TI Molecular dynamics simulations of the dynamics of ions in single and mixed alkali glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th University Conference on Glass Science CY AUG 13-15, 2003 CL Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Troy, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Gen Elect Co, IBM Corp, Nippon Elect Glass Co Ltd, PPG Ind HO Rensselaer Polytechn Inst ID AC CONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE GLASSES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; DISORDERED SOLIDS; SILICATE-GLASSES; CONSTANT LOSS; LOW-FREQUENCY; CONDUCTORS; UNIVERSALITY; CRYSTALS AB Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out at 700K in single alkali and mixed alkali metasilicate glasses to reproduce the dramatic mixed alkali effect occurring in the dilute foreign alkali region. Previous experimental work showed that one foreign alkali appears to immobilize a large number of host ions. This large number can now be rationalized with the help of the simulations as being due to blockage by the less mobile foreign ions of the co-operative ion dynamics that originate from ion-ion interaction and correlation. Molecular dynamics simulations of Li metasilicate glass at 500 K showed that the ubiquitous nearly constant loss (NCL) comes from the motions of caged Li ions that experience 'dynamic anharmonicity' caused by the motions of the caging matrix atoms, particularly the oxygen atoms. The length scales of the Li ion motions are distributed according to a Levy distribution that has a long tail, which is responsible for the peculiar frequency dependence of the NCL. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6807,Bldg 208, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM habasaki@echem.titech.ac.jp; ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil; hiwatari@cphys.s.kanazawa-u.ac.jp; moynic@rpi.edu RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 349 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.146 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 879MT UT WOS:000225722600034 ER EF