FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wick, SD Dermer, CD Atoyan, A AF Wick, SD Dermer, CD Atoyan, A TI High-energy cosmic rays from galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray bursts SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Particle and Fundamental Physics in Space CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP NASA ID SPECTRUM AB A model for high-energy (greater than or similar to 10(14) eV) cosmic rays (HECRs) from galactic and extragalactic gamma (GRBs) is summarized. Relativistic outflows in GRBs are assumed to inject power-law distributions of CR protons and ions to the highest (greater than or similar to 10(20) eV) energies. A diffusive propagation model for HECRs from a single recent GRB within approximate to 1 kpc from Earth explains the CR spectrum near and above the knee. The CR spectrum at energies above similar to10(18) eV is fit with a component from extragalactic GRBs. By normalizing the energy injection rate to that required to produce the CR flux from extragalactic sources observed locally, we determine the amount of energy a typical GRB must release in the form of nonthermal hadrons. Our interpretation of the HECR spectrum requires that GRBs are hadronically dominated, which would be confirmed by the detection of HE neutrinos from GRBs. C1 NRC, NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Montreal, CRM, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Wick, SD (reprint author), NRC, NRL, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 134 BP 81 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.08.013 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 873MI UT WOS:000225284000014 ER PT J AU Mickens, RE Jordan, PM AF Mickens, RE Jordan, PM TI A positivity-preserving nonstandard finite difference scheme for the damped wave equation SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE Maxwell-Cattaneo law; nonstandard finite difference scheme; damped wave equation; positivity ID PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS; MEDIA AB A positivity-preserving nonstandard finite difference scheme is constructed to solve an initial-boundary value problem involving heat transfer described by the Maxwell-Cattaneo thermal conduction law, i.e., a modified form of the classical Fourier flux relation. The resulting heat transport equation is the damped wave equation, a PDE of hyperbolic type. In addition, exact analytical solutions are given, special cases are mentioned, and it is noted that the positivity condition is equivalent to the usual linear stability criteria. Finally, solution profiles are plotted and possible extensions to a delayed diffusion equation and nonlinear reaction-diffusion systems are discussed. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 27 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0749-159X EI 1098-2426 J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 639 EP 649 DI 10.1002/num.20003 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 846BN UT WOS:000223289800001 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI The second law in nonextensive quantum thermostatistics for small systems SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Sardinian International Conference on News and Expectations in Thermostatistics CY SEP 21-28, 2003 CL Villasimius, ITALY DE nonextensive quantum thermostatistics; second law; quantum q-divergence ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; THERMODYNAMICS; ENTROPY; HEAT AB Nonextensive quantum thermostatistics is shown to be consistent with the second law of thermodynamics if the entropic index, q, is in the range (0,2]. Clausius' inequality is derived by making use of the convexity property of the quantum q-divergence which is a nonadditive generalization of the ordinary quantum relative entropy. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. EM suabe@sf6.so-net.ne.jp NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 340 IS 1-3 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2004.03.076 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 841IZ UT WOS:000222924800006 ER PT J AU Chevallier, J Teukam, Z Saguy, C Kalish, R Cytermann, C Jomard, F Barbe, M Kociniewski, T Butler, JE Baron, C Deneuville, A AF Chevallier, J Teukam, Z Saguy, C Kalish, R Cytermann, C Jomard, F Barbe, M Kociniewski, T Butler, JE Baron, C Deneuville, A TI Shallow donor induced n-type conductivity in deuterated boron-doped diamond SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Surface and Bulk Defects in CVD Diamond Films CY FEB 18-20, 2004 CL Diepenbeek Hasselt, BELGIUM ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; AB-INITIO; SULFUR; HYDROGEN; LAYERS; IMPURITIES; DIFFUSION; DOPANTS; FILMS; CVD AB We show that deuteration of a series of boron-doped (100) diamond epitaxial layers can lead to a p-type to n-type conversion. The n-type diamond epilayers have electrical conductivities of a few S/cm at 300 K. These values are a factor 10(3)-10(5) higher than the n-type conductivities achieved with phosphorus doping. This is a consequence of the shallow donor character of the deuterium-related donors inducing the conversion (ionization energy of 0.34 eV) and of the high donor concentrations. We also show that these donors are formed in a two-step process. First, all the acceptors form (13, D) complexes with one deuterium per boron atom. Then, the presence of excess and more mobile deuterium triggers the formation of the shallow donors. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 CNRS, Lab Phys Solides & Cristallog, UMR 8635, F-92195 Meudon, France. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Etud Proprietes Elect Solides Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. RP Chevallier, J (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Phys Solides & Cristallog, UMR 8635, 1 Pl A Briand, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM jacques.chevallier@cnrs-bellevue.fr RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 201 IS 11 BP 2444 EP 2450 DI 10.1002/pssa.200405180 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 857XK UT WOS:000224152700012 ER PT J AU Charles, SJ Butler, JE Feygelson, BN Newton, ME Carroll, DL Steeds, JW Darwish, H Yan, CS Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Charles, SJ Butler, JE Feygelson, BN Newton, ME Carroll, DL Steeds, JW Darwish, H Yan, CS Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI Characterization of nitrogen doped chemical vapor deposited single crystal diamond before and after high pressure, high temperature annealing SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Surface and Bulk Defects in CVD Diamond Films CY FEB 18-20, 2004 CL Diepenbeek Hasselt, BELGIUM ID HOMOEPITAXIAL CVD DIAMOND; EV VIBRONIC BAND; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; GROWTH-RATE; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGEN; MOBILITY; VACANCY; STRESS AB A 820 micron thick single crystal diamond layer epitaxially grown on a single crystal diamond seed (high pressure, high temperature grown synthetic) by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition with added nitrogen is characterized by an array of analytical techniques before and after annealing the material at high pressures and temperatures. The most striking result is the conversion of the initially dark colored, highly absorbing CVD layer to clear, transparent material after a 1 hour anneal at 7 GPa and 2200 degreesC. IR absorption in the region of the CH stretching modes, 2800 to 3107 cm(-1) shows a remarkable sharpening and persistence of the observed modes. IR absorption in the one-phonon region also indicates the presence of significant concentrations of ionized single substitutional nitrogen in the as grown material. EPR indicates a concentration of neutral single substitutional nitrogen at lattice sites of ca. I ppm, and this changes by less then 30% when annealed at temperatures up to 2200 degreesC. EPR also detects 0.1 ppm of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen complex in the as grown diamond, but this anneals out by 1900 degreesC, the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy complex is below the EPR detection limit in these samples of about 0.1 ppm. Photoluminescence detects the presence of neutral and negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy complexes in the as grown material, and the formation of new, unassigned bands principally in the 800 to 900 nm region. The total detected nitrogen concentration in the sample is ca. 1.5 ppm. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM butler@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Darwish, Hussein/G-7474-2016 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Darwish, Hussein/0000-0002-5308-512X NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 201 IS 11 BP 2473 EP 2485 DI 10.1002/pssa.200405175 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 857XK UT WOS:000224152700017 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Haftel, MI Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Interlayer surface relaxations and energies of fcc metal surfaces by a tight-binding method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; EARLY FILM DEPOSITION; TRANSITION-METALS; MULTILAYER RELAXATION; PT(110)-(1X2) SURFACE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NOBLE-METALS; BAND THEORY; AB-INITIO; MODEL AB The authors examine the interlayer surface relaxations and surface energies for the low-index faces of fcc Ni, Pd, Rh, Pt, Au, and Ir using the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) tight-binding (TB) method. We compare the TB calculations, utilizing self-consistent charge transfer, with experimental measurements, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and semiempirical methods. We find that for these metals the NRL-TB method largely reproduces the trends with respect to the exposed face and periodic table position obtained in DFT calculations and experimental measurements. We find that the inclusion of self-consistency in the TB surface calculations is essential for obtaining this agreement, as the TB calculations without it predict large first interlayer expansions for many of these surfaces. We also examine the energetics and relaxations of the 2x1 (011) missing row reconstruction for these metals. The TB method predicts that, in agreement with experiment, Au and Pt undergo this reconstruction, while Ni, Pd, and Rh do not, but predicts the Ir ground state structure to be unreconstructed 1x1, opposite to experiment. The interatomic relaxations of the (011) missing row structure for Pt, Au, and Ir are in good agreement with DFT calculations and experiment. Finally, we analyze the bonding characteristics of these metals using a decomposition of the TB total energy over neighboring atoms and angular momentum character. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 98 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 AR 125419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.125419 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 858RO UT WOS:000224209600082 ER PT J AU Halterman, K Valls, OT AF Halterman, K Valls, OT TI Stability of pi-junction configurations in ferromagnet-superconductor heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; STATE AB We investigate the stability of possible order parameter configurations in clean layered heterostructures of the SFS...FS type, where S is a superconductor and F a ferromagnet. We find that for most reasonable values of the geometric parameters (layer thicknesses and number) and of the material parameters (such as magnetic polarization, wave vector mismatch, and oxide barrier strength) several solutions of the self-consistent microscopic equations can coexist, which differ in the arrangement of the sequence of "0" and "pi" junction types (that is, with either same or opposite sign of the pair potential in adjacent S layers). The number of such coexisting self-consistent solutions increases with the number of layers. Studying the relative stability of these configurations requires an accurate computation of the small difference in the condensation free energies of these inhomogeneous systems. We perform these calculations, starting with numerical self consistent solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. We present extensive results for the condensation free energies of the different possible configurations, obtained by using efficient and accurate numerical methods, and discuss their relative stabilities. Comprehensive and systematic results as a function of the relevant parameters for systems consisting of three and seven layers (one or three junctions) are given, and the generalization to larger number of layers is discussed. C1 USN, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, Res Dept, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Halterman, K (reprint author), USN, Sensor & Signal Sci Div, Res Dept, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM klaus.halterman@navy.mil; otvalls@umn.edu RI Halterman, Klaus/G-3826-2012; OI Halterman, Klaus/0000-0002-6355-3134 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 AR 104516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.104516 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 858RL UT WOS:000224209300082 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Combined asymmetry-induced and exchange-induced spin splitting in antimonide type-II quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON; RELAXATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; FERROMAGNETISM; SUPERLATTICES; CARRIERS; SYSTEMS; ALLOYS; FIELD AB We incorporate bulk and structure inversion asymmetries into an eight-band effective bond-orbital method to study the effects of an adjacent ferromagnetic GaMnSb layer on the transport and spin properties of high-mobility electrons in an asymmetric AlSb/GaSb/InAs/AlSb quantum well. An appreciable exchange interaction for electrons results, due to their hybridization with holes in the GaSb layer, which in turn overlap the GaMnSb. Interactions between the asymmetry and exchange effects cause these structures to have complicated spin splittings and spin orientations. When the GaMnSb magnetization points parallel to the growth axis, the spin polarization for electrons conducting in the plane can be as high as 71%. The conductivity decreases by two orders of magnitude when turning off the magnetization or rotating it toward the plane induces a transition from a gapless state to a more conventional type-II semimetal with a "hybridization gap." C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 11 AR 115320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.115320 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 858RN UT WOS:000224209500070 ER PT J AU Wu, ZG Cohen, RE Singh, DJ AF Wu, ZG Cohen, RE Singh, DJ TI Comparing the weighted density approximation with the LDA and GGA for ground-state properties of ferroelectric perovskites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; SELF-INTERACTION CORRECTION; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL FORMALISM; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION; NONLOCAL EXCHANGE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; LINEAR-RESPONSE AB First-principles calculations within the weighted density approximation (WDA) were performed for ground-state properties of ferroelectric perovskites PbTiO3, BaTiO3, SrTiO3, KNbO3, and KTaO3. We used the plane-wave pseudopotential method, a pair distribution function G based on the uniform electron gas, and shell partitioning. Comparing with the local density approximation (LDA) and the general gradient approximation (GGA), we found that the WDA significantly improves the equilibrium volume of these materials in cubic symmetry over both the LDA and GGA. Ferroelectric instabilities calculated by the WDA agree with the LDA and GGA very well. At the experimental ferroelectric lattice, optimized atom positions by the WDA are in good agreement with measured data. However, the WDA overestimates the strain of tetragonal PbTiO3 at experimental volume. The WDA overestimates the volume of fully relaxed structures, but the GGA results are even worse. Some calculations were also done with other models for G. It is found that a G with longer range behavior yields improved relaxed structures. Possible avenues for improving the WDA are discussed. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, ZG (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Wu, Zhigang/K-2554-2014 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359; Wu, Zhigang/0000-0001-8959-2345 NR 54 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 AR 104112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.104112 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 858RL UT WOS:000224209300031 ER PT J AU Loschialpo, PF Forester, DW Smith, DL Rachford, FJ Monzon, C AF Loschialpo, PF Forester, DW Smith, DL Rachford, FJ Monzon, C TI Optical properties of an ideal homogeneous causal left-handed material slab SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE-INDEX; METAMATERIAL; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY AB The optical properties of a homogeneous slab of material characterized by causal permittivity epsilon(f), and permeability mu(f) are investigated through finite difference time domain simulations. Lorentzian epsilon(f) and mu(f) are used to produce values of interest in the resulting index n(f), namely, n<0, 066 Gy) in our institution between 1/1/1988 and 12/31/2000. All were subject to continuous follow-up with routine PSA levels. Biochemical failure ( 77 patients) was defined by the ASTRO criteria ( n = 67) or by the date of first hormonal therapy for a rising PSA, which did not meet the ASTRO criteria ( n = 10). No patients were included if they received postoperative radiation, or if hormones were administered prior to bNED recurrence, if any. Patients were stratified by PSA(100) values less than or equal to or >4.0 ng/ml, and less than or equal to or <2.5 ng/ml. Median follow-up was 64.3 months: follow-up data were calculated as of time to last PSA, with data collection as of 12/31/02. Patients with PSA(100) <= 4.0 ng/ml had 62% 8-y bNED survival, and those with PSA(100) >4.0 ng/ml had 20% 8-y bNED survival ( P<0.001). Use of a PSA(100) cutoff of 2.5 ng/ml yielded no significant difference in 8-y bNED survival ( P = 0.229). Cox proportional analysis revealed that initial PSA ( P = 0.006), stage ( P = 0.001) and PSA(100) <= 4.0 ng/ml ( P = 0.002) were significantly related to bNED survival, but that age ( P = 0.887), race ( P = 0.500), RT dose ( P = 0.669), Gleason sum ( P = 0.091), and PSA(100) <= 2.5 ng/ml ( P = 0.128) were not. In conclusion, PSA(100) using a cutoff of 4 ng/ml is a valuable and reliable surrogate for bNED survival after definitive RT, requiring less follow-up than other metrics. Patients with less values will have only about a 1 in 3 chance of bNED failure at 8 y. Patients with greater values will have a 4 in 5 chance of bNED failure at 8 y. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), Emory Clin, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM peter@radonc.emory.org NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500736 PG 5 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 857NK UT WOS:000224124000018 PM 15289811 ER PT J AU Van Buren, AL Boisvert, JE AF Van Buren, AL Boisvert, JE TI Improved calculation of prolate spheroidal radial functions of the second kind and their first derivatives SO QUARTERLY OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB Alternative expressions for calculating the prolate spheroidal radial functions of the second kind R-ml((2)) (c, xi) and their first derivatives with respect to xi are shown to provide accurate values over wide parameter ranges where the traditional expressions fail to do so. The first alternative expression is obtained from the expansion of the product of R-ml((2)) (c, xi) and the prolate spheroidal angular function of the first kind S-ml((1)) (c, eta) in a series of products of the corresponding spherical functions. A similar expression for the radial functions of the first kind was shown previously to provide accurate values for the prolate spheroidal radial functions of the first kind and their first derivatives over all parameter ranges. The second alternative expression for R-ml((2)) (c, xi) involves an integral of the product of S-ml((1)) (c, eta) and a spherical Neumann function kernel. It provides accurate values when xi is near unity and l - m is not too large, even when c becomes large and traditional expressions fail. The improvement in accuracy using the alternative expressions is quantified and discussed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Van Buren, AL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0033-569X J9 Q APPL MATH JI Q. Appl. Math. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 62 IS 3 BP 493 EP 507 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 855LF UT WOS:000223974000006 ER PT J AU Fugitt, JB Puckett, ML Quigley, MM Kerr, SM AF Fugitt, JB Puckett, ML Quigley, MM Kerr, SM TI Necrotizing fasciitis SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE extremities, abnormalities; fasciitis; soft tissues, infection ID INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; CT C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Fugitt, JB (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM coleybear@cox.net NR 11 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1472 EP 1476 DI 10.1148/rg.245035169 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 853DX UT WOS:000223807800018 PM 15371620 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Hwang, I Schindler, WR AF Pickhardt, PJ Choi, JR Hwang, I Schindler, WR TI Nonadenomatous polyps at CT colonography: Prevalence, size distribution, and detection rates SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC COLONOGRAPHY; VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY; COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS; SCREEN; CANCER AB PURPOSE: To prospectively investigate with computed tomographic (CT) colonography the prevalence and size distribution of nonadenomatous polyps in asymptomatic adults and to compare the detection rates of adenomatous and nonadenomatous polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1233 asymptomatic adults (mean age, 57.8 years; 505 women, 728 men) underwent same-day CT colonography and optical colonoscopy procedures. CT colonoscopy studies were interpreted prospectively with a primary three-dimensional approach immediately before optical colonoscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with the chi(2) test. Size, prevalence, and by-polyp detection differences were compared between adenomatous and nonadenomatous polyps. RESULTS: Seven hundred fifty-six (57.7%) colorectal polyps identified at optical colonoscopy in 410 (33.3%) patients were nonadenomatous; of these lesions, 622 (82.3%) were diminutive (less than or equal to5 mm). Nonadenomatous polyps accounted for 622 (64.4%) of 966 diminutive lesions and 134 (39.9%) of 344 polyps 6 mm or larger (P < .001). The prevalence rate for nonadenomatous polyps was 8.8% (109 of 1233 patients) and 2.0% (25 of 1233 patients) at 6- and 10-mm thresholds, respectively. CT colonography by-polyp sensitivity for nonadenomatous lesions was 73.1% (98 of 134 patients) and 73.3% (22 of 30 patients) at 6- and 10-mm thresholds, respectively, compared with 85.7% (180 of 210 patients) and 92.2% (47 of 51 patients) for adenomas (P < .01). In 1065 patients that did not have a 6-mm or larger adenoma at optical colonoscopy, CT colonography depicted a nonadenomatous polyp that was 6 mm or larger in 63 (5.9%) patients and a nonadenomatous polyp that was 10 mm or larger in 15 (1.4%) patients. CONCLUSION: More than 80% of nonadenomatous polyps were diminutive, but they accounted for nearly 40% of polyps that were 6 mm or larger. Fortunately, CT colonography is significantly (P < .01) less sensitive in the detection of lesions that have no malignant potential when compared with similar-sized adenomas that have malignant potential. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, E3-311 Clin Sci Ctr,600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. EM ppickhardt@mail.radiology.wisc.edu NR 17 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD SEP PY 2004 VL 232 IS 3 BP 784 EP 790 DI 10.1148/radiol.2323031614 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 848GG UT WOS:000223455000020 PM 15247435 ER PT J AU Claassen, JH Willard, MA Francavilla, TL Harris, VG AF Claassen, JH Willard, MA Francavilla, TL Harris, VG TI Inductive measurements of magnetic properties of ribbon materials SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Inductive measurements of thin ribbon materials are usually done with wrapped toroidal cores. To avoid this time consuming procedure, measurements can also be performed on short straight pieces in a solenoidal setup. We show that demagnetizing effects should be unimportant for the latter case in determining coercive field, saturation field, and core loss. These two types of measurement were performed on samples of amorphous ribbon material. It was found that there is reasonable agreement for these magnetic parameters as long as care was taken to ensure that the samples were strain-free. Strain is particularly important when the material has significant magnetostriction. Based on demagnetization estimates we would expect agreement on permeability determinations in all but the most extreme cases; in fact results can be quite different for the two measurements. Similarly, we can get rather different answers for coercive field when it is very small. This may be due to uniaxial anisotropy which is different for the two sample geometries. It is concluded that the rapid turnaround in solenoid measurements is particularly useful when optimization of saturation field or core loss is of primary importance. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Claassen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2817 EP 2821 DI 10.1063/1.1783597 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 866DU UT WOS:000224754800003 ER PT J AU Feresenbet, EB Busi, M Ugozzoli, F Dalcanale, E Shenoy, DK AF Feresenbet, EB Busi, M Ugozzoli, F Dalcanale, E Shenoy, DK TI Influence of cavity depth on the responses of SPR sensors coated with self-assembled monolayers of cavitands SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cavitands; self-assembled monolayers; surface plasmon resonance; cavity depth; sensors ID HOST-GUEST COMPLEXATION; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; GAS-PHASE; GOLD; SELECTIVITY; ADSORBATES; RECEPTORS AB Cavitands are synthetic organic compounds with enforced cavities of molecular dimensions. Cavitand Self-assembled Monolayers are shown to be highly responsive materials for SPR based chemical vapor sensing. The SAM approach permits an unambiguous comparison of the influence of cavity depth and synergistic interactions between cavitand and guest molecule. This eliminates the possibility of response biases arising from differences in sensing layer morphology. Consistent with earlier results on spin coated cavitands, aromatic vapors are selectively complexed within cavitand 3 (quinoxaline-bridged cavitand) and show lesser affinity for cavitand 2 (pyrazine-bridged cavitand) and cavitand 1 (methylene-bridged cavitand) owing to their smaller cavity depths. Cavitand 1, with its meniscus shaped pi basic cavity, selectively interacts only with small molecules with acidic methyl groups such as nitromethane and acetonitrile. Modeling results corroborate the experimental data and show that increased van der Waals interactions within cavitand 3 are responsible for the higher selectivity towards aromatic vapors. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-43100 Parma, Italy. INSTM, UdR Parma, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Chim Gen & Inorgan, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dshenoy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Dalcanale, Enrico/A-6352-2012; OI Dalcanale, Enrico/0000-0001-6964-788X; Ugozzoli, Franco/0000-0002-7609-7975 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-198X EI 1546-1971 J9 SENSOR LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD SEP-DEC PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1166/sl.2004.053 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 004PY UT WOS:000234765900006 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC Gerlach, KR AF Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC Gerlach, KR TI Robust adaptive signal processing methods for heterogeneous radar clutter scenarios SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co DE STAP; invariance; low rank; LRNMF; LRNAMF; CFAR; SNR; P-fa; P-d; KASSPER; RLSTAP; outlier; SCRFML/APR; SCRFML/GIP ID COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; INVARIANT RANDOM-PROCESSES; VECTOR SUBSPACE DETECTION; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CFAR DETECTION; STAP TESTS; PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR; APPROXIMATION AB This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in severely heterogeneous clutter environments. Specifically, we present the performance of the normalized matched filter test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the (LRNMF) test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and has an approximately constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Performance of the test depends only upon the number of elements, the number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval, and the rank of the clutter covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test (LRNAMF) is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program. Results pertaining to sample support for subspace estimation, CFAR, and detection performance are presented. Target contamination of training data has a deleterious impact on the performance of the test. Therefore, a technique known as self-censoring reiterative fast maximum likelihood/adaptive power residue (SCRFML/APR) is developed to treat this problem and its performance is discussed. The SCRFML/APR method is used to estimate the unknown covariance matrix in the presence of outliers. This covariance matrix estimate can then be used in the LRNAMF or any other eigen-based adaptive processing technique. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil NR 52 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1653 EP 1665 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2004.05.006 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 848FW UT WOS:000223454000010 ER PT J AU Moniz, L Pecora, L Nichols, J Todd, M Wait, JR AF Moniz, L Pecora, L Nichols, J Todd, M Wait, JR TI Dynamical assessment of structural damage using the continuity statistic SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nondestructive structural health evaluation; damage localization; attractor; Lyapunov exponents; continuity test; filtered Lorenz signal ID ALGORITHMS AB Recent works by Nichols et al. (Nichols, J.M., Todd, M.D., Seaver, M. and Virgin, L.N. (2003). Use of chaotic excitation and attractor property analysis in structural health monitoring. Phys Rev E, 67(016209)) and Pecora et al. (Todd, M.D., Nichols, J.M., Pecora, L.M. and Virgin, L.N. (2001). Vibration-based damage assessment utilizing state-space geometry changes: Local attractor variance ratio. Smart Materials and Structures, 10, 1000-1008.) have shown that steady-state dynamic analysis of structural health exhibits advantages over transient vibrational analysis. A geometric representation of system dynamics can be used to extract information about a structure's response to sustained excitation. Analysis of various features of the geometric representation can be used to describe the degree to which the dynamics have been altered by damage. Here, the feature we employ is the "continuity test," a statistical test first described by Pecora et al. (Pecora, L.M., Carroll, T.L. and Heagy, J.F. (1997). Statistics for continuity and differentiability: an application to attractor reconstruction from time-series. Fields Institute Communications, 11). This test measures the probability that a continuous function exists from one geometric object to another. In this implementation, we formulate a new null hypothesis which serves to make the test less sensitive to noise in the data than the original test. Using experimental data from an excited three-story aluminum frame structure with multiple sensors at the joints, we show that the continuity test can be used not only to detect, but also in some cases to localize damage to particular joints in the frame structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA WR, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moniz, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM moniz@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 EI 1741-3168 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1177/1475921704042681 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 859TA UT WOS:000224289600001 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Theoretical study of hydrogen adsorption on the GaN(0001) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE models of surface chemical reactions; chemisorption; gallium nitride; hydrogen atom ID ELECTRON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POLAR OXIDE SURFACES; P-TYPE GAN(0001); GAN SURFACES; WURTZITE GAN; AB-INITIO; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES AB Ab initio density functional theory, using the B3LYP hybrid functional with all-electron basis sets, has been applied to the adsorption of H on the (0 0 0 1) surface of wurtzite GaN. For bulk GaN, good agreement is obtained with photoemission and X-ray emission data for the valence band and for the Ga 3d and N 2s shallow core levels. A band gap of E-g = 4.14 eV is computed vs the experimental value (at 0 K) of 3.50 eV. A simple model, consisting of a (2 x 2) structure with 3/4-monolayer (ML) of adsorbed H, is found to yield a density of states in poor agreement with photoemission data for H adsorbed on surfaces prepared by ion bombardment and annealing. A new model, consisting of co-adsorbed Ga (1/4 ML) and H (1/2 ML), is proposed to account for these data. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 87 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 565 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.06.209 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 851RL UT WOS:000223702600010 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Chafin, AP Hollins, RA Baldwin, LC Erickson, ED Zarras, P Drury, EC AF Davis, MC Chafin, AP Hollins, RA Baldwin, LC Erickson, ED Zarras, P Drury, EC TI Synthesis of an isophorone-based nonlinear optical chromophore SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aldol; dyes; Knoevenagel; nonlinear optical; Vilsmeier ID CONDENSATION; ACCEPTORS AB The synthesis of a "CLD-type" nonlinear optical chromophore incorporating the isophorone unit to rigidize the polyene segment is described. The synthesis required seven steps with an overall yield of 17%. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept,Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res Dept,Chem & Mat Div, Code 4T4200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 18 BP 3419 EP 3429 DI 10.1081/SCC-200030646 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 861CA UT WOS:000224392500020 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB AF Johnson, WB TI Diagnosing the stars: A technique for teaching diagnosis in abnormal psychology SO TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Writing diagnostic evaluations requires students in abnormal psychology to apply material from the study of psychopathology to real cases. it also allows them to practice one of the main professional activities of practicing psychologists. I describe a variation of the diagnostic write-up assignment that allows students to select a famous person or "star" as the subject of their written evaluation. Evaluation of this technique indicates that the assignment enhances enjoyment of diagnostic report writing. It also provides an enjoyable mechanism for reviewing for the final examination. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0098-6283 J9 TEACH PSYCHOL JI Teach. Psychol. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 275 EP 277 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 866JV UT WOS:000224770700011 ER PT J AU Reed, C Burr, R Melcer, T AF Reed, C Burr, R Melcer, T TI Navy telemedicine: A review of current and emerging research models SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E-HEALTH LA English DT Review ID DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE; HEALTH-CARE INTERNET; SYSTEMS; MILITARY; INTEROPERABILITY; IMPLEMENTATION; TELERADIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; TELEHEALTH; SERVICES AB With extended deployments of military telemedicine to remote, austere, and high-risk settings, there is a danger that implementation will outrun the research designed to assess it. A review of existing research evaluates current assessment models and indicates gaps around which future research may be designed. A review of models for evaluating telemedicine was conducted in. September, 2001. Seven areas of assessment recurred that could be subsumed under the framework of "interoperability." A follow-up search was conducted during September, 2003, to ascertain the degree to which assessments of interoperability were being advocated. Although extensive deployments of telemedicine systems in high-risk settings make it imperative to know that human, organizational, and technical components are integrating productively (i.e., interoperating), current research does not evaluate telemedicine as a system. The structure and functioning of telemedicine systems should be assessed empirically and systemically to avoid subjective or limited assessments. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. MTS Technol Inc, Arlington, VA USA. RP Reed, C (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ReedC@nhrc.navy.mil NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-5627 J9 TELEMED J E-HEALTH JI Telemed. J. e-Health PD FAL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1089/tmj.2004.10.343 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 860ZR UT WOS:000224386400009 PM 15650529 ER PT J AU Rentas, FJ Salata, J Harman, R Childs, J Silva, T Koch, D AF Rentas, FJ Salata, J Harman, R Childs, J Silva, T Koch, D TI Post-thaw storage of red cells affected by the use of different additive solutions SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks CY OCT 23-26, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2004 VL 44 IS 9 SU S BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 849XS UT WOS:000223575600204 ER PT J AU Elster, EA Hale, DA Mannon, RB Cendales, LC Swanson, SJ Kirk, AD AF Elster, EA Hale, DA Mannon, RB Cendales, LC Swanson, SJ Kirk, AD TI The road to tolerance: renal transplant tolerance induction in nonhuman primate studies and clinical trials SO TRANSPLANT IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tolerance; costimulation blockade; lymphocyte depletion; mixed chimerism ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; DOSE CYCLOSPORINE MONOTHERAPY; DONOR BONE-MARROW; ALLOGRAFT TOLERANCE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MIXED CHIMERISM; LYMPHOHEMATOPOIETIC CHIMERISM; KIDNEY-TRANSPLANTATION; CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA AB Organ transplantation has become a standard life-saving therapy for many causes of end stage organ failure. Although valuable, it remains hampered by the requirement for, and complications of, immunosuppression to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted organ. It is now clear that rejection can be avoided in some experimental systems without a requirement of immunosuppressive medication, and these experimental concepts are now making their way into the clinic in the form of early transplantation tolerance trials. This manuscript will discuss the most promising techniques for tolerance induction, namely, costimulation blockade, lymphocyte depletion, and mixed chimerism. Seminal preclinical studies will be cited and the results of initial clinical trials will be reviewed. The data to date indicate that while tolerance remains elusive, immunosuppression minimization is a feasible near-term alternative. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIDDKD, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Transplantat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Naval Med Res Ctr, Radiat & Combat Repair Dept, Washington, DC USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), Room 11s219,Bldg 10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 84 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0966-3274 J9 TRANSPL IMMUNOL JI Transpl. Immunol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.trim.2004.05.010 PG 13 WC Immunology; Transplantation SC Immunology; Transplantation GA 859QJ UT WOS:000224282700003 PM 15380539 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM Perkins, FK AF Bermudez, VM Perkins, FK TI Preparation and properties of clean Si3N4 surfaces SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silicon; nitrides; auger electron spectroscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy; photoelectron spectroscopy; chemical vapor deposition; thin films ID SILICON-NITRIDE FILMS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ION-BOMBARDMENT; GAN SURFACES; AES ANALYSIS AB In situ chemical methods for preparing atomically-clean surfaces of Si3N4 thin films in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) have been studied using X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission, electron energy loss and Auger electron spectroscopies. Prior to the UHV studies, the films (grown ex situ on Si(1 0 0) wafers by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition) were characterized using primarily infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. A combination of annealing in NH3 to remove C and deposition of Si (followed by thermal desorption) to remove O is found to be an effective cleaning procedure. Other potential cleaning methods, such as annealing in UHV without in situ chemical treatment and annealing in a flux of H atoms, were also considered and found to be only partly effective. The clean surfaces are disordered but show no evidence of Si-Si bonding (which would indicate N vacancies) in the Si LVV Auger spectrum or in surface-sensitive Si 2p photoemission data. Evidence for surface-related features is seen in the N 1s photoemission and in energy loss spectra in the region of valence excitations; however, no indication of occupied surface states near the valence band maximum is seen in ultraviolet photoemission spectra. Preliminary results for O-2 chemisorption show adsorbate-induced features in the Si3N4 band gap and also evidence for changes in surface potential due to adsorption. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 83 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD AUG 31 PY 2004 VL 235 IS 4 BP 406 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.02.065 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 857QR UT WOS:000224133900002 ER PT J AU Sapsford, KE Medintz, IL Golden, JP Deschamps, JR Uyeda, HT Mattoussi, H AF Sapsford, KE Medintz, IL Golden, JP Deschamps, JR Uyeda, HT Mattoussi, H TI Surface-immobilized self-assembled protein-based quantum dot nanoassemblies SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; ARRAY BIOSENSOR; BINDING; VISUALIZATION; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOSENSORS; DONORS; GOLD AB Luminescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-based optical biosensors have the potential to overcome many of the limitations associated with using conventional organic dyes for biodetection. We have previously demonstrated a hybrid QD-protein-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor.(1) Although the QD acted as an energy donor and a protein scaffold in the sensor, recognition and specificity were derived from the proteins. Transitioning this hybrid prototype sensor into flow cells and integrated devices will require a surface-immobilization strategy that allows the QD-based sensor to sample the environment and still maintain a distinct protein-covered QD architecture. We demonstrate a self-assembled strategy designed to accomplish this. Using glass slides coated with a monolayer of neutravidin (NA) as the template, QDs with maltose binding protein (MBP) and avidin coordinated to their surface were attached to the glass slides in discrete patterns using an intermediary bridge of biotinylated MBP or antibody linkers. Control of the surface location and concentration of the QD-protein-based structures is demonstrated. The utility of this self-assembly strategy is further demonstrated by assembling a QD-protein structure that allows the QDs to engage in FRET with a dye located on the surface-covering protein. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Delehanty, James/F-7454-2012; OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 33 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 31 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 18 BP 7720 EP 7728 DI 10.1021/la049263n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 849UZ UT WOS:000223567900054 PM 15323524 ER PT J AU Li, CH Kioseoglou, G van 't Erve, OMJ Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A AF Li, CH Kioseoglou, G van 't Erve, OMJ Hanbicki, AT Jonker, BT Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A TI Spin injection across (110) interfaces: Fe/GaAs(110) spin-light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BARRIER; SEMICONDUCTOR; GAAS(110); GAAS AB We report electrical spin injection from an Fe contact into a (110)-oriented light-emitting diode (LED) structure, and compare results with data obtained from (001)-oriented structures to address the dependence of spin injection on interface and orientation. Fe/AlGaAs/GaAs LEDs were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, and processed to form surface emitting structures. Electroluminescence results obtained using a reverse-biased Fe Schottky tunnel barrier injector show that a 13% electron spin polarization is achieved in the GaAs(110) quantum well due to injection across the Fe/AlGaAs(110) interface. Analysis of the transport data indicates that tunneling is a significant transport mechanism at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of the spin polarization is similar to that of (001)-oriented spin LEDs, and is dominated by the GaAs electron spin lifetime. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cli@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1544 EP 1546 DI 10.1063/1.1786366 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 849QO UT WOS:000223555000032 ER PT J AU Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ King, WP Nelson, BA AF Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ King, WP Nelson, BA TI Nanoscale deposition of solid inks via thermal dip pen nanolithography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPE CANTILEVERS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; AFM DATA-STORAGE; NANOSTRUCTURES; TRANSPORT; MILLIPEDE; GROWTH AB We demonstrate that nanolithography can be performed using a heated atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever tip to control the deposition of a solid organic "ink." The ink, octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA), has a melting temperature near 100degreesC and can self-assemble on mica. Postdeposition analysis shows that deposition occurs only when the cantilever tip is heated above OPA's melting temperature, that the deposited structure does not spread significantly while cooling, and that a cool tip coated with OPA does not contaminate the substrate during subsequent imaging. Single lines were written with a width of 100 nm. This approach greatly expands the potential of dip pen nanolithography, allowing local control of deposition and deposition of materials typically immobile at room temperature, while avoiding potential problems arising from inadvertent deposition and postdeposition diffusion. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sheehan, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM paul.sheehan@nrl.navy.mil; william.king@me.gatech.edu RI Nelson, Brent/B-4973-2008; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 25 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 30 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1589 EP 1591 DI 10.1063/1.1785860 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 849QO UT WOS:000223555000047 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Mazin, II Singh, DJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Johannes, MD Mazin, II Singh, DJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Nesting, spin fluctuations, and odd-gap superconductivity in NaxCoO2 center dot yH(2)O SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NACO2O4; MODEL AB We calculated the one-electron susceptibility of hydrated NaxCoO2 and find strong nesting, involving about 70% of all electrons at the Fermi level and nearly commensurate with a 2x2 superstructure. This nesting creates a tendency to a charge density wave compatible with the charge order often seen at xapproximate to0.5 and usually ascribed to electrostatic repulsion of Na ions. In the spin channel, it leads to strong spin fluctuations, which should be important for superconductivity. The state most compatible with this nesting structure is an odd-gap triplet s-wave state. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 29 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 9 AR 097005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.097005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 849QS UT WOS:000223555600056 PM 15447132 ER PT J AU Kaplan, KJ Dainty, LA Dolinsky, B Rose, GS Carlson, J McHale, M Elkas, JC AF Kaplan, KJ Dainty, LA Dolinsky, B Rose, GS Carlson, J McHale, M Elkas, JC TI Prognosis and recurrence risk for patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions diagnosed during pregnancy SO CANCER CYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; cervical lesions; pregnancy ID INTRA-EPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; 2001 CONSENSUS GUIDELINES; CYTOLOGIC FINDINGS; MANAGEMENT; COLPOSCOPY; REGRESSION; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; EXPERIENCE; DYSPLASIA AB BACKGROUND. in the current study, the authors sought to examine the prognosis 2 and recurrence risk for patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions 2 (SILs) diagnosed during pregnancy. METHODS. A retrospective review of all women who gave birth at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (Washington, DC) or the National Naval Medical Center (Bethesda, MD) between 1986 and 1997 was performed. One hundred fifty-seven patients with SILs who under-went antepartum and postpartum evaluation were identified from a total of 6248 records of birth at these two institutions. Patient demographics and cervical cytology and histology were reviewed. RESULTS, One-hundred twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) antepartum. Of these patients, 49 (38%) had a previous history of abnormal cervical cytology (30 LSILs and 19 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [HSILs]). Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with HSIL antepartum. Of these patients, 24 (86%) had a history of abnormal cervical cytology. Sixty-two percent of patients with antepartum LSILs had disease regression postpartum, 32% had persistent LSILs postpartum, and 6% experienced progression of an LSIL to an HSIL. All cases of HSIL that were diagnosed antepartum persisted on postpartum cytologic examination. Three patients were found to have microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma after postpartum conization. Five years of follow-up data were available for 98 patients (60%), 78 of whom had antepartum LSILs and 20 of whom had antepartum HSILs. Sixty percent of patients with antepartum LSILs detected on Pap smear developed recurrent LSILs within 5 years, and all 20 patients with antepartum HSILs developed recurrent HSILs within 5 years. CONCLUSIONS. Most cases of LSIL regressed or remained stable during pregnancy. All cases of HSIL diagnosed antepartum persisted in the postpartum period, and 11% of patients with antepartum HSILs were found to have invasive carcinoma postpartum. High rates of recurrence for both LSIL and HSIL were noted 2-5 years after the diagnosis of SIL in the antepartum. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kaplan, KJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Ward 47,Off 4705, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM keith.kaplan@na.amedd.army.mil NR 28 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER CYTOPATHOL JI Cancer Cytopathol. PD AUG 25 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 4 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1002/cncr.20428 PG 5 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA 847LG UT WOS:000223393400005 PM 15368314 ER PT J AU Todd, MD Nichols, JM Nichols, CJ Virgin, LN AF Todd, MD Nichols, JM Nichols, CJ Virgin, LN TI An assessment of modal property effectiveness in detecting bolted joint degradation: theory and experiment SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Letter ID CONNECTIONS C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mdt@uscd.edu NR 12 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 275 IS 3-5 BP 1113 EP 1126 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.10.037 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 837PU UT WOS:000222648500035 ER PT J AU Atas, E Mair, C Mellinger, JS Peng, ZH Kleiman, V AF Atas, E Mair, C Mellinger, JS Peng, ZH Kleiman, V TI Ultrafast energy transfer studies in phenylene ethynylene dendrimers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM eatas@chem.ufl.edu; kleiman@chem.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 203-ORGN BP U52 EP U52 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800269 ER PT J AU Barlow, DE AF Barlow, DE TI Physical chemistry on the nanoscale: From single molecules to self-assembled systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Res Associate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dbarlow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 091-AEI BP U40 EP U41 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800109 ER PT J AU Barlow, DE AF Barlow, DE TI AEI: Physical chemistry on the nanoscale: From single molecules to self-assembled systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Res Associate, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dbarlow@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 430-PHYS BP U264 EP U264 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801384 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Zope, RR Richardson, SL Pederson, MR AF Baruah, T Zope, RR Richardson, SL Pederson, MR TI Electronic and vibrational properties of As@Ni-12@As-20 cluster and anion. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baruah@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 660-INOR BP U880 EP U880 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803695 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Zope, RR Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI AF Baruah, T Zope, RR Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI TI Density functional study of organic open-shell triradical 5-dehydro-1,3-quinodimethane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Theoret Chem Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 318-PHYS BP U248 EP U248 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801275 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, CH LeBlanc, BW Cleveland, TE AF Boue, SM Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, CH LeBlanc, BW Cleveland, TE TI Antioxidant activity of soybean phytoalexins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, USN, Med Serv Corps, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 105-AGFD BP U66 EP U66 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800248 ER PT J AU Cao, H Flippen-Anderson, JL Cook, JM AF Cao, H Flippen-Anderson, JL Cook, JM TI General approach for the synthesis of natural and non-natural products via the tandem Pauson-Khand reaction: Synthesis of 14 pi annulenes and [5.8.5] systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM capncook@uwm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 390-ORGN BP U83 EP U83 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800456 ER PT J AU Carney, JR McGrath, TP Jackson, GS AF Carney, JR McGrath, TP Jackson, GS TI Pressure gauge development for fuel/air explosive events. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res & Technol Dept, Surface Warfare Ctr Indian Head, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Weap Dept, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM CarneyJR@ih.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 526-PHYS BP U278 EP U279 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801477 ER PT J AU Chang, PH Colbert, JE Hardy, DR Leonard, JT AF Chang, PH Colbert, JE Hardy, DR Leonard, JT TI Evaluation of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuels for United States Naval applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. Geocenter Inc, Washington, DC USA. EM changph@navair.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 52-PETR BP U177 EP U177 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800914 ER PT J AU Coughlin, CS Martinelli, AA Boswell, RF AF Coughlin, CS Martinelli, AA Boswell, RF TI Mechanism of ballistic self-healing in EMAA ionomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Aerosp Mat Div, Polymers & Composites Branch, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM christopher.coughlin@navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 261-PMSE BP U454 EP U454 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802420 ER PT J AU Das, A Trammell, SA Hu, Y Scoles, G Hecht, MH AF Das, A Trammell, SA Hu, Y Scoles, G Hecht, MH TI Combinatorially designed de novo proteins: Immobilization on gold and applications as biosensors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Frick Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM das@princeton.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 222-BIOL BP U207 EP U207 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800913 ER PT J AU Das, A Trammell, SA Hecht, MH AF Das, A Trammell, SA Hecht, MH TI De novo designed heme binding proteins immobilized on gold surface: Electrochemical studies and biosensor applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, FrickLab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM das@princeton.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 421-INOR BP U842 EP U842 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803465 ER PT J AU Foos, EE AF Foos, EE TI Self-assembly of gold nanoclusters on electronic devices: Consequences of shell, linker, and solvent variation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 072-INOR BP U787 EP U787 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803117 ER PT J AU Hughes, RO Austen, AR AF Hughes, RO Austen, AR TI Solid-state co-extrusion of semicrystalline P(VDF-TRFE) films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Underwater Transducer Mat Resource, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Innovare Inc, Bath, PA USA. EM hughesor@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 255-PMSE BP U453 EP U453 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802414 ER PT J AU Johnson, KJ Morris, RE Rose-Pehrsson, S AF Johnson, KJ Morris, RE Rose-Pehrsson, S TI Chemometric modeling of fuel degradation from compositional analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kevinj@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 84-PETR BP U182 EP U182 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800946 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, MK Keller, TM TI Alternatives to thermal curing of diacetylenes in diacetylenecontaining carboranylenesiloxanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manojkv@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 132-PMSE BP U434 EP U434 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802291 ER PT J AU Kus, E Anderson, N Zarras, P Mansfeld, F AF Kus, E Anderson, N Zarras, P Mansfeld, F TI Evaluation of the protective properties of chromate-free BAMPPV-based polymer coatings using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CEEL, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Point Mugu Nawc, CA 93042 USA. EM kus@usc.edu; mansfeld@usc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 304-POLY BP U370 EP U370 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801980 ER PT J AU Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM AF Laskoski, M Dominguez, DD Keller, TM TI Processable phthalonitrile resins with high thermal stability for advanced applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 90-PMSE BP U428 EP U428 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802250 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Jang, BB Kafafi, ZH AF Lee, SH Jang, BB Kafafi, ZH TI Highly fluorescent asymmetric spirosilabifluorene derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sangho@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 438-PMSE BP U496 EP U496 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802595 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH AF Lee, SH Kafafi, ZH TI Synthesis and electronic properties of novel symmetric spirosilabifluorene derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sangho@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 171-ORGN BP U46 EP U46 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800237 ER PT J AU Lloyd, CT Jensen, SD Cozzens, RF AF Lloyd, CT Jensen, SD Cozzens, RF TI Formation of graphite-containing char upon high energy laser irradiation of composite materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM clloyd@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 336-PMSE BP U465 EP U465 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802495 ER PT J AU Monat, JE Carney, JR Pangilinan, GI AF Monat, JE Carney, JR Pangilinan, GI TI Optical fiber-based gauge for measuring temporal profiles of pressures from explosives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM monatje@ih.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 032-ANYL BP U116 EP U116 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712800518 ER PT J AU Pederson, MR Bernstein, N Baruah, T Powell, BJ Brake, K McKenzie, RH AF Pederson, MR Bernstein, N Baruah, T Powell, BJ Brake, K McKenzie, RH TI Application of DFT to melanin monomers, dimers and macromolecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 602-PHYS BP U290 EP U290 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801552 ER PT J AU Peng, ZH Pan, YC Lu, M Xie, BH Melinger, JS AF Peng, ZH Pan, YC Lu, M Xie, BH Melinger, JS TI Synthesis and applications of light-harvesting conjugated dendrimers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pengz@umkc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 40-ORGN BP U24 EP U24 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800107 ER PT J AU Pollack, SK AF Pollack, SK TI Acoustic guitar: From classical to Indie rock. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Res & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 22-POLY BP U329 EP U329 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801700 ER PT J AU Prokopyk, N AF Prokopyk, N TI Electro-optic films based on ruthenium coordination complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM nicholas.prokopuk@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 739-INOR BP U893 EP U893 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803774 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP AF Purdy, AP TI Formation and crystallization of group III nitrides in NaNH2 flux. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM purdy1@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 561-INOR BP U865 EP U865 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803597 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, DR TI Why nanoscience may lead to big changes in who does science (and how we do science). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 266-CHED BP U345 EP U345 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712801434 ER PT J AU Seferos, DS Trammell, SA Kushmerick, JG Bazan, GC AF Seferos, DS Trammell, SA Kushmerick, JG Bazan, GC TI Interchromophore tunneling in molecular wire junctions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Dept Chem & Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM dseferos@chem.ucsb.edu RI Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 416-PMSE BP U493 EP U493 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802573 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Selinger, RLB Schnur, JM AF Selinger, JV Selinger, RLB Schnur, JM TI Chiral amplification in organic materials: Polymers, liquid crystals, and lipid membranes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jonathan.Selinger@nrl.navy.mil RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 045-GEOC BP U697 EP U697 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802899 ER PT J AU Sorathia, U Perez, I AF Sorathia, U Perez, I TI Improving fire performance characteristics of composite materials for naval applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Fire Protect Branch, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Off Naval Res, Dept Mat, Arlington, VA USA. EM sorathiaua@nswccd.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 169-PMSE BP U440 EP U440 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802328 ER PT J AU Tender, LM Lowy, DA AF Tender, LM Lowy, DA TI Harvesting energy from marine and river sediment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM lmt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; dal@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 293-ENVR BP U638 EP U638 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802570 ER PT J AU Tsiper, EV Burke, K AF Tsiper, EV Burke, K TI MAME: Minimal atomic multipole expansion of molecular fields. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RI burke, kieron/P-9201-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 394-PHYS BP U259 EP U259 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801350 ER PT J AU Urban, JJ AF Urban, JJ TI Computational evaluation of stereoelectronic effects in fluorinated amines. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM urban@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 124-COMP BP U519 EP U519 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802151 ER PT J AU Wiggins, MJ Flom, SR Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Lepkowicz, RS Ranade, A Tai, HW Baer, E Hiltner, A AF Wiggins, MJ Flom, SR Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Lepkowicz, RS Ranade, A Tai, HW Baer, E Hiltner, A TI Processing and characterization of nonlinear 1D photonic crystal polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM wiggins@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 475-PMSE BP U502 EP U502 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802632 ER PT J AU Willauer, HD Hoover, JB Mushrush, GW Williams, FW AF Willauer, HD Hoover, JB Mushrush, GW Williams, FW TI Automated atomizer for evaluating aerosols. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem Div Code 6180, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 015-IEC BP U762 EP U762 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802996 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Snow, AW Jones-Meehan, JM Straube, WL AF Wynne, JH Snow, AW Jones-Meehan, JM Straube, WL TI Novel polymer bound bactericidal surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 375-POLY BP U381 EP U381 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802051 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, H Moore, M Kushmerick, JG Christodoulides, JA Kafafi, ZH AF Yamamoto, H Moore, M Kushmerick, JG Christodoulides, JA Kafafi, ZH TI Characterization of nano-scale self-assembled w-(N-pyrrolyl) alkanethiol monolayers on gold substrates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hiyahiro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 410-PMSE BP U492 EP U492 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802567 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV Olling, RP Teuben, PJ AF Makarov, VV Olling, RP Teuben, PJ TI Kinematics of stellar associations: the epicycle approximation and the convergent point method SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE astrometry; stars : kinematics; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; open clusters and associations : general; solar neighbourhood ID ASTROMETRIC RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SURFACE MASS DENSITY; GALACTIC DISK; MOVING GROUP; YOUNG STARS; MILKY-WAY; X-RAY; HIPPARCOS; CLUSTERS; SUN AB Employing analytical and numerical tools, we expound the Galactic epicycle theory to describe the kinematic evolution of stellar, gravitationally unbound associations in the vicinity of the Sun. We estimate the limits of applicability of the analytical epicycle approximation and harmonic vertical motion by numerical integration of test orbits with an axisymmetric potential. We consider mainly early times when the associations are not too stretched out by differential Galactic rotation. If the member stars are ejected from a compact parental molecular cloud simultaneously, but with different velocities of ejection, the association remains as an entity for a long time. However, at a given time, individual velocities may vary widely among the members. The systematic differences of individual velocities does not allow one to apply the classical convergent point method even to young associations only several million years old. We demonstrate, however, that certain coordinate- and age-dependent corrections can be applied to the proper motions as observed in order to 'rectify' them and retrieve a common convergent point. This method can be used for determining the Oort's constants A and B, and for estimating the vertical frequency in the local part of the Galaxy and the expansion ages of nearby associations. In combination with the global convergence mapping technique, it can be used to search for yet-undiscovered nearby associations using the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues. C1 CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, 770 S Wilson Ave,MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vvm@caltech.edu; olling@usno.navy.mil; teuben@astro.umd.edu OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2004 VL 352 IS 4 BP 1199 EP 1207 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08012.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 846BU UT WOS:000223290600011 ER PT J AU Elias, NM AF Elias, NM TI Optical interferometric polarimetry. II. Theory SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; techniques : polarimetric ID APERTURE SYNTHESIS; POLARIZATION; FOURIER AB Challenging ground-based optical interferometry projects, such as Stokes parameter imaging, require new techniques and instrumentation. In anticipation of such observations, I progress beyond the mathematics of classical optical interferometry (OIC) to optical interferometric polarimetry (OIP). First, I calculate the behavior of a two-channel coherent-averaging OIP instrument. I then define observables that ease instrumental requirements for counteracting atmospheric effects. In general, the output vectors that arise from these observables can be used only for modeling, but if a priori source information is available, images may be created with a single variable baseline. Next, I derive covariances, signal-to-noise ratios, and biases for the observables and output vectors. I also discuss calibration matrices and demonstrate how they are obtained and applied. Last, I present a simple example of OIP data reduction. C1 USN Observ, Navy Prototype Opt Interferometer, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Elias, NM (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, POB 1062, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. EM nelias@ball.com NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 2 BP 1175 EP 1199 DI 10.1086/422212 PN 1 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 847NY UT WOS:000223403400049 ER PT J AU Jaffe, D Bertschi, I Jaegle, L Novelli, P Reid, JS Tanimoto, H Vingarzan, R Westphal, DL AF Jaffe, D Bertschi, I Jaegle, L Novelli, P Reid, JS Tanimoto, H Vingarzan, R Westphal, DL TI Long-range transport of Siberian biomass burning emissions and impact on surface ozone in western North America SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; BACKGROUND OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO; VARIABILITY; WILDFIRES; CHEMISTRY; EPISODES; PACIFIC; CH4 AB During the summer of 2003, biomass fires burned a large area of Siberia, the largest in at least 10 years. We used the NRL Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model to forecast the transport of the smoke from these fires. Transport of these airmasses to North America was confirmed by aircraft and surface observations. The fires resulted in enhancements in summer background CO and O-3 of 23 - 37 and 5 - 9 ppbv, respectively, at 10 sites in Alaska, Canada and the Pacific Northwest. From the area burned, we estimate that the Siberian fires generated 68 Tg of CO and 0.82 Tg of NOx ( as N). In addition, we show that the background O-3 enhancement contributed to an exceedance of the ozone air quality standard in the Pacific Northwest. These results show that regional air quality and health are linked to global processes, including climate, forest fires and long-range transport of pollutants. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98011 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Aerosal & Radiat Modeling Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Div Atmospher Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Environm Canada, Aquat & Atmospher Sci Div, Pacific & Yukon Reg, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, 18115 Campus Way NE, Seattle, WA 98011 USA. EM djaffe@u.washington.edu RI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 24 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 16 AR L16106 DI 10.1029/2004GL020093 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 849NB UT WOS:000223544400002 ER PT J AU Lou, JW Fatemi, FK Currie, M AF Lou, JW Fatemi, FK Currie, M TI Brillouin fibre laser enhanced by Raman amplification SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; AMPLIFIER; STOKES AB A multiple-wavelength Brillouin fibre laser is demonstrated, with channel spacings of similar to10.5 GHz, using Raman amplification in dispersion-shifted optical fibre. More than 20 frequency lines with similar to2 kHz linewidths are obtained using a 14.5 km length of fibre and a 1.3 MHz linewidth Brillouin pump. Gain depletion due to amplified spontaneous emission limits the total number of cascaded Brillouin lines. At high Raman pump powers, the laser produces a pulse train at the repetition rate corresponding to the cavity round-trip time. C1 SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lou, JW (reprint author), SFA Inc, Naval Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 17 BP 1044 EP 1046 DI 10.1049/el:20040603 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 850PC UT WOS:000223623900010 ER PT J AU Qin, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B Myers, R AF Qin, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B Myers, R TI Higher-order predistortion linearisation using cascaded lower-order nonlinearities SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A technique for realising nonlinear functions of order greater than or equal to 5 using cascaded third-order nonlinear functions is described. The technique can be used to efficiently generate higher-order nonlinearities for predistortion linearisation applications. The use of two cascaded third-order functions is experimentally demonstrated to be comparable to a fifth-order implementation in performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Qin, JX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 17 BP 1068 EP 1070 DI 10.1049/el:20045583 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 850PC UT WOS:000223623900026 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Gilardi, RD AF Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Gilardi, RD TI Novel high-nitrogen materials based on nitroguanyl-substituted tetrazines SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; AZAPHILIC ADDITION AB The synthesis and properties of several novel high-nitrogen materials based on nitroguanyl-substituted tetrazines are described. An optimized procedure provides straightforward access to these materials in multigram quantities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam DX2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam DX2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 81 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 6 IS 17 BP 2889 EP 2891 DI 10.1021/ol049076g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 846EB UT WOS:000223296800014 PM 15330640 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK TI Nonpropagating incipient cracks from sharp notches under fatigue SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE fatigue; crack arrest; notches ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR; GROWTH THRESHOLD; STRAIN STRESS; CURVE METHOD; PREDICTION; PROPAGATION; CLOSURE; LIMIT; COMPONENTS; PLASTICITY AB Growing incipient cracks from sharp notches can stop completely even when the remote applied stress amplitude remains constant. As the crack lengthens, the crack-tip driving force, the stress intensity factor, should increase for a constant remote applied stress, yet, arrest occurs. For this reason, the fatigue stress concentration factor K-f differs from the conventional stress concentration factor Kt for sharp notches. The arrest has been attributed to increased crack growth resistance as an incipient crack lengthens. The increased resistance has been related to plasticity-induced crack closure, which builds up with crack-wake plasticity during crack growth. In this paper we present a different concept based on our unified approach that considers the existence of two fatigue thresholds rather than one. It is shown that nonpropagation of incipient crack occurs when the total stress intensity factor falls below the long crack growth threshold value in terms of K-max. Total stress intensity results from both the remote applied stress and the local internal stress. Even when the remote applied load is constant, the local internal stress can decrease sharply as the incipient crack grows away from the notch tip. Notch-tip plasticity contributes to the changes in the internal stresses. Using extensive data from the literature, it is shown that it is the decreasing crack-tip driving force with length that causes the crack arrest phenomenon. Crack growth under tension-tension, tension-compression, and compression-compression fatigue are all accounted for on the basis of gradient in the internal stresses. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sada@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 14 BP 4239 EP 4249 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.040 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847JZ UT WOS:000223389800016 ER PT J AU Wang, J Zima, J Lawrence, NS Chatrathi, MP Mulchandani, A Collins, GE AF Wang, J Zima, J Lawrence, NS Chatrathi, MP Mulchandani, A Collins, GE TI Microchip capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection of thiol-containing degradation products of V-type nerve agents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ORTHO-PHTHALALDEHYDE DERIVATIVES; AMINO-ACIDS; AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; SEPARATION; GLUTATHIONE; CHIPS; PROTEINS; CYSTEINE; WEAPONS AB A microchip protocol for the capillary electrophoresis separation and electrochemical detection of thiol-containing degradation products of V-type nerve agents is described. The microchip assay relies on the derivatization reaction of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol (DMAET), 2-(diethylamino)ethanethiol (DEAET), and 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) with o-phthaldialdehyde in the presence of the amino acid valine along with amperometric monitoring of the isoindole derivatives. Both off chip and on-chip derivatization reactions have led to highly sensitive and rapid detection of the thiol degradation products. Various parameters influencing the derivatization, separation, and detection processes were examined and optimized. These include the amino acid co-reagent, reagent-mixing ratio, reaction time, injection time, separation voltage, and detection potential. The chip microsystem offers a rapid (<4 min) simultaneous detection of micromolar concentrations of DMAET, DEAET, and ME. Linear calibration plots were observed for the V-type nerve agent thiol degradation products, along with good stability and reproducibility (RSD < 8.0%). Detection limits of 5 and 8 muM were obtained for the off chip reaction of DMAET and DEAET, respectively, following a 2-s injection. The suitability for assays of environmental matrixes was demonstrated for the determination of DMAET and DEAET in untreated tap and river water samples. The favorable analytical performance makes the new microfluidic device attractive for addressing the needs of various security scenarios. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM joewang@NMSU.edu RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016 OI Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154 FU PHS HHS [R01A 1056047-01] NR 31 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 16 BP 4721 EP 4726 DI 10.1021/ac049658b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 846BS UT WOS:000223290300015 PM 15307782 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Kane, CJ Terris, MK Presti, JC Trock, B Amling, CL AF Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Kane, CJ Terris, MK Presti, JC Trock, B Amling, CL TI Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy among men with normal preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen levels SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; radical prostatectomy; prostate-specific antigen; prostate-specific antigen recurrence ID DISEASE RECURRENCE; RADIATION-THERAPY; CANCER; CUTOFF; SPECIMENS; NOMOGRAM; SURVIVAL; NG./ML.; NG/ML; STAGE AB BACKGROUND. Recent studies have shown that a significant number of men with normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels have prostate carcinoma, Whether malignancies in such men are associated with better outcomes is unclear. The authors compared the risk of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy (RP) between men with normal PSA levels and men with elevated PSA levels. METHODS. Data were examined from 1582 men who underwent RP between 1988 and 2002 at I of 5 equal-access medical centers. Patients were segregated into groups based on serum PSA levels (with stratification according to age-specific reference ranges). Clinical and pathologic characteristics and biochemical outcome data were compared across groups using analyses of variance, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS. Men who had normal PSA levels had significantly fewer high-grade tumors compared with men who had higher PSA levels (P < 0.001). The former group had a significantly decreased incidence of positive surgical margins, extracapsular disease, seminal vesicle invasion, and lymph node involvement (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, only serum PSA level (P < 0.001) and biopsy Gleason score (P < 0.001) predicted the time to disease recurrence. When only men with serum PSA levels < 10 ng/mL were examined, PSA level treated as a continuous variable remained a significant predictor of time to biochemical failure (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS. Men who had normal PSA levels had significantly fewer high-grade tumors and significantly better biochemical outcomes after undergoing RP compared with men who had elevated PSA levels. Overall, men with normal PSA levels who undergo RP represent a favorable risk group. Cancer 2004;101:748-53. (C) 2004 American Cancer Society. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 4 BP 748 EP 753 DI 10.1002/cncr.20390 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 843UD UT WOS:000223111200011 PM 15305405 ER PT J AU Beckett, CG Kosasih, H Ma'roef, C Listiyaningsih, E Elyazar, IRF Wuryadi, S Yuwono, D McArdle, JL Corwin, AL Porter, KR AF Beckett, CG Kosasih, H Ma'roef, C Listiyaningsih, E Elyazar, IRF Wuryadi, S Yuwono, D McArdle, JL Corwin, AL Porter, KR TI Influenza surveillance in Indonesia: 1999-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC; VIRUSES AB Although influenza is recognized for its worldwide importance, little is known about the disease from tropical countries like Indonesia. From August 1999 through January 2003, a surveillance study was conducted in clinics at 6 sentinel locations. Adults (age, >14 years) and children (age, 4-14 years) presenting with respiratory symptoms suggestive of influenza were asked to enroll in the study. Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were examined by virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction, and rapid immunochromatographic tests. A total of 3079 specimens were collected from 1544 participants. Influenza infection was confirmed in 172 volunteers (11.1%) presenting with influenza-like illness. Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses were detected at all sites. Peak prevalence tended to coincide with the respective rainy seasons, regardless of location. In light of the recent epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome, continued influenza surveillance would be useful in strengthening the infrastructure of the Indonesian public health system. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesian Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Beckett, CG (reprint author), Amer Embassy Jakarta, Unit 8132, NAMRU-2, FPO, AP 96520 USA. EM beckettcg@namru2.med.navy.mil RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1086/422314 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 844EY UT WOS:000223141500001 PM 15356802 ER PT J AU Schauer, CL Chen, MS Price, RR Schoen, PE Ligler, FS AF Schauer, CL Chen, MS Price, RR Schoen, PE Ligler, FS TI Colored thin films for specific metal ion detection SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HEAVY-METALS; CHITOSAN; ADSORPTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHROMIUM; CR(VI); CU(II); REMOVAL; SYSTEM AB This paper describes the investigation of chitosan and poly(allylamine) (PAH) for the creation of a multi-film, color-based dipstick for the detection of metal ions in solution. Thin, colored films of chitosan and PAH cross-linked with hexamethylene 1,6-di(aminocarboxysulfonate) (HDACS) are created where color is due to film thickness and optical interference effects. The films are investigated for their ability to selectively detect aqueous metal ions via changes in thickness and/or color. Chitosan-HDACS films were selective for Cr(VI) over all other metal ions tested including Cr(acac)(3) and Cr(NO3)(3)-.9H(2)O, and PAH-HDACS films were selective for COO and Cu(I) salts over all other metal ions tested. The irreversible, selective changes due to metal ion solutions were not caused by varying the pH. Potomac River water was also tested using the two films, with results indicating the presence of Cu(II) in the aqueous sample. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fligler@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Schauer, Caroline/A-1020-2007; Schauer, Caroline/D-5350-2013; OI Schauer, Caroline/0000-0002-5987-682X NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 16 BP 4409 EP 4413 DI 10.1021/es035047+ PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846HK UT WOS:000223306300028 PM 15382871 ER PT J AU Brown, GO Atvars, TDZ Guardala, NA Price, JL Weiss, RG AF Brown, GO Atvars, TDZ Guardala, NA Price, JL Weiss, RG TI Temperature-dependent fluorescence from pyrenyl-modified polyethylene films. A comparison of attachment methods and morphology changes by irradiation with eV-range photons and bombardment with MeV-range positive ions SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; pyrene; polyethylene; temperature; radiation; bombardment ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RELAXATIONS; VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMERS; GAMMA-LOSS BANDS; LINEAR POLYETHYLENE; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS; ALPHA-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION AB 1-Pyrenyl groups were attached covalently to three polyethylene (Py-PE) films with different crystallinities by irradiating (eV-range photons-UV-photons) or by bombarding (MeV-range ions-protons and alpha particles) pyrene-doped PE films (Py/PE). Onset temperatures of relaxation processes (T-x) of the Py-PE were approximated from (1) Arrhenius-type plots of the normalized integrated intensities of the films and (2) the temperature dependence of the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) films and the position of the 0-0 fluorescence band. DSC thermograms of the native and irradiated or bombarded films were also compared to independently assess the morphological changes. The onset temperatures T-x in lower crystallinity Py-PE films were more difficult to locate when prepared by bombardment with high doses than with low doses of photons or ions or by irradiation. The ease of locating the T-x in higher crystallinity Py-PE films was independent of dose, suggesting little change in the mobility in the vicinity of pyrenyl probes. Fluorescence from Py-PE bombarded with alpha particles indicated the presence of both singly- and doubly-attached pyrenyl groups. The singly-attached pyrenyl groups were less sensitive than the doubly attached to the T-x. Py-PE films were more sensitive luminescence reporters of T-gamma segmental motions than were 9-anthryl groups covalently attached to the same polymers. We also discuss possible reasons why the values of the activation energies for the relaxation processes, as calculated from the Arrhenius plots, were much smaller than those based on the dynamic mechanical methods. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Quim, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Weiss, RG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM weissr@georgetown.edu RI Atvars, Teresa/C-9988-2012 NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 16 BP 2957 EP 2970 DI 10.1002/polb.20165 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 843IJ UT WOS:000223071700003 ER PT J AU Pan, D Dutta, I AF Pan, D Dutta, I TI A mechanics-induced complication of impression creep and its solution: application to Sn-3.5Ag solder SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE impression creep; lead-free solder; finite element model; Sn-3.5Ag ID FINITE-ELEMENT; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INDENTATION; TIN; TEMPERATURE; ANISOTROPY; HARDNESS; TESTS; ALLOY AB Impression creep, wherein a flat-tipped cylindrical punch is used to load a small area of the specimen in nominally uniaxial compression, enables testing of very small material volumes and miniaturized components with minimal sample preparation. One of the attractive features of the impression creep test is its ability to establish steady-state within very short times for rapidly creeping materials. However, for relatively slowly creeping materials, a considerable time is necessary for the evolution of a steady-state plastic zone under the punch, resulting in a prolonged period of decreasing creep rate even when the constitutive creep behavior is strain-independent. This test-dependent transient behavior, where the creep rate decreases slowly even at very long test times, complicates the determination of true material creep parameters. Here, we discuss the source of this problem, and prescribe a methodology to substantially shorten the required test times in order to make the test technologically attractive. Because of the emerging importance of lead-free solders in microelectronics packaging, the analysis presented here is based on finite element simulations of eutectic Sn-3.5Ag solder, deforming via power-law creep. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.navy.mil RI Pan, Deng/C-2072-2009 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 379 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.01.034 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 846QG UT WOS:000223330100019 ER PT J AU Dutta, I Park, C Choi, S AF Dutta, I Park, C Choi, S TI Impression creep characterization of rapidly cooled Sn-3.5Ag solders SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE impression creep; Sn-Ag; lead-free solder; mechanism ID LEAD-FREE SOLDERS; SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; TIN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DISLOCATION CLIMB; VISCOUS GLIDE; SN-AG; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE AB The creep behavior of solders crucially influences solder joint reliability in microelectronic packages. This, in conjunction with the ongoing industry-wide transition to lead-free solders, has resulted in significant current emphasis on developing approaches for expeditiously creep testing miniaturized samples of a wide range of solder compositions to determine their suitability for packaging applications. Here we characterize the creep response of Sn-3.5Ag solders via impression creep testing. The tested microstructures represent a rapidly cooled state, resembling the highly refined microstructures often found in tiny microelectronic solder joints. It is shown that in the as-reflowed state, the solder creeps by a viscous glide-controlled mechanism at low stresses due to the presence of a non-equilibrium amount of dissolved Ag in Sn, and a particle-limited climb mechanism at high stresses. Following slight aging, which allows the dissolved solute concentration to drop to near-equilibrium levels, the low stress mechanism changes to dislocation climb-control. Based on these observations, a unified view of creep of Sn-3.5Ag solders is presented, which is consistent with observations of a transition from low to high stress sensitivity with increasing stress, which has been reported in several studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM idutta@nps.navy.mil NR 40 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 379 IS 1-2 BP 401 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.023 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 846QG UT WOS:000223330100052 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Fernsler, R Ladouceur, HD Baronavski, AP Grounds, PW AF Keskinen, MJ Fernsler, R Ladouceur, HD Baronavski, AP Grounds, PW TI Generation of transient electric field structures in femtosecond high intensity ionizing laser pulses SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AIR; PLASMA AB A model for the generation of electric field structures in ultrashort high intensity laser pulses in air is developed. A collisionless plasma fluid model is developed to compute the transient electron-ion displacement generated by a high intensity laser pulse in air. We show that the electric fields associated with the electron-ion dipolar displacement are in good agreement with recent observations. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 238 IS 4-6 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2004.04.060 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 847FJ UT WOS:000223377800018 ER PT J AU Falkenstein, P Merritt, CD Justus, BL AF Falkenstein, P Merritt, CD Justus, BL TI Fused preforms for the fabrication of photonic crystal fibers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS AB A novel approach for the fabrication of high-quality preforms for use in the fabrication of photonic crystal fibers is described. The preforms are fabricated in a multistep process that involves stacking a bundle with rods and (or) tubes of two dissimilar glasses, fusing the bundle, and then etching the fused bundle in acid to remove one of the two glasses. The procedure for fabrication of the fused preforms is similar to that used in the fabrication of microchannel plate glass and yields periodically spaced, uniform, round channels that extend, through the length of the preform. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Justus, BL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM justus@nrl.navy.mil NR 4 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 16 BP 1858 EP 1860 DI 10.1364/OL.29.001858 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 843JJ UT WOS:000223074600008 PM 15357339 ER PT J AU Haeni, JH Irvin, P Chang, W Uecker, R Reiche, P Li, YL Choudhury, S Tian, W Hawley, ME Craigo, B Tagantsev, AK Pan, XQ Streiffer, SK Chen, LQ Kirchoefer, SW Levy, J Schlom, DG AF Haeni, JH Irvin, P Chang, W Uecker, R Reiche, P Li, YL Choudhury, S Tian, W Hawley, ME Craigo, B Tagantsev, AK Pan, XQ Streiffer, SK Chen, LQ Kirchoefer, SW Levy, J Schlom, DG TI Room-temperature ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO3 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MICROWAVE DEVICES; TRANSITION AB Systems with a ferroelectric to paraelectric transition in the vicinity of room temperature are useful for devices. Adjusting the ferroelectric transition temperature (T-c) is traditionally accomplished by chemical substitution - as in BaxSr1-xTiO3, the material widely investigated for microwave devices in which the dielectric constant (epsilon(r)) at GHz frequencies is tuned by applying a quasi-static electric field(1,2). Heterogeneity associated with chemical substitution in such films, however, can broaden this phase transition by hundreds of degrees(3), which is detrimental to tunability and microwave device performance. An alternative way to adjust Tc in ferroelectric films is strain(4-8). Here we show that epitaxial strain from a newly developed substrate can be harnessed to increase Tc by hundreds of degrees and produce room-temperature ferroelectricity in strontium titanate, a material that is not normally ferroelectric at any temperature. This strain-induced enhancement in T-c is the largest ever reported. Spatially resolved images of the local polarization state reveal a uniformity that far exceeds films tailored by chemical substitution. The high er at room temperature in these films ( nearly 7,000 at 10 GHz) and its sharp dependence on electric field are promising for device applications(1,2). C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div MST8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Motorola Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Ceram, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM schlom@ems.psu.edu RI Choudhury, Samrat/B-4115-2009; Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Tagantsev, Alexander/E-3707-2010; Irvin, Patrick/E-2159-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Irvin, Patrick/0000-0002-0248-2758; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 31 TC 1019 Z9 1024 U1 59 U2 517 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7001 BP 758 EP 761 DI 10.1038/nature02773 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 845HS UT WOS:000223233600035 PM 15306803 ER PT J AU Landi, E Feldman, U AF Landi, E Feldman, U TI Models for solar magnetic loops. IV. On the relation between coronal and footpoint plasma in active region loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; plasmas; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; TRANSITION REGION; SUMER OBSERVATIONS; DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE REGION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOHO; TELESCOPE AB In the present work we analyze several SUMER intensity maps of active region solar loops in order to compare the relative brightnesses of the footpoints and the coronal section of active region loops. We find that the former are barely distinguishable from the background emission of the active region, while the coronal emission of loops is confined in well-identifiable structures that are significantly brighter than the background. This result means that the vast majority of the active region emission in chromospheric and transition region lines is generated by plasma not directly connected with the coronal plasma that constitutes the observed coronal loops. We determine the observed intensities of coronal lines relative to the observed transition region and chromospheric emission and compare them with predictions from loop models having uniform cross section and different heating functions. We find that the loop models overestimate the footpoint emission by orders of magnitude. We discuss the discrepancy in light of the heating function and of the loop cross section. We speculate that nonuniformity in the loop cross section, more specifically a significant decrease of the cross section near the footpoints, is the most likely solution to the discrepancy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 1 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1086/422169 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 845IO UT WOS:000223236000041 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Atoyan, A AF Dermer, Charles D. Atoyan, Armen TI NONTHERMAL RADIATION PROCESSES IN X-RAY JETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: theory; radiation mechanisms: nonthermal; X-rays: galaxies AB Analytic approximations for synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), and external Compton (EC) processes are used to constrain model parameters for knot and hot-spot emission in extended jets of radio galaxies. Equipartition formulas are derived that relate the Doppler factor delta and the comoving magnetic field B assuming a nonthermal synchrotron origin of the radio emission and synchrotron, SSC, and EC origins of the X-ray emission. Expressions are also derived for d and B that minimize the total jet powers of the emitting region in synchrotron, SSC, and EC models for the X-ray emission. The results are applied to knot WK7.8 of PKS 0637 - 752. Predictions to test two-component synchrotron and EC models are made for Chandra and the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope. C1 [Dermer, Charles D.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Atoyan, Armen] Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Math, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; GLAST Science Investigation [DPR-S-1563-Y] FX We thank Dan Schwartz and Andrew Wilson for questions and discussions about these issues, and the referee for helpful comments on a different, earlier approach to this problem. The work of C.D.D. is supported by the Office of Naval Research. The research of C.D.D. and the visits of A. A. to the NRL High Energy Space Environment Branch are supported by GLAST Science Investigation DPR-S-1563-Y. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 1 AR L9-L12 DI 10.1086/423667 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V24GX UT WOS:000208400000003 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Antiochos, SK AF Warren, Harry P. Antiochos, Spiro K. TI THERMAL AND NONTHERMAL EMISSION IN SOLAR FLARES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun; corona-Sun; flares AB The observation that in many flares there is a linear correlation between the peak soft X-ray emission and the time-integrated nonthermal emission-the Neupert effect-indicates a strong link between particle acceleration and chromospheric evaporation. In this Letter we consider the hydrodynamic response of impulsively heated flare loops. We find that the peak soft X-ray flux should scale approximately as E-1.75/(VL0.25)-L-0.75, where E is the total input energy, V is the flare volume, and L is the loop length. This scaling is not consistent with the linear relationship implied by the Neupert effect unless there are additional correlations between the input energy and the other parameters of the flare. C1 [Warren, Harry P.; Antiochos, Spiro K.] USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 FU NASA Sun-Earth Connection Guest Investigator program FX This work has been supported by the NASA Sun-Earth Connection Guest Investigator program. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 1 DI 10.1086/423840 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V24GX UT WOS:000208400000013 ER PT J AU Kolel-Veetil, MK Beckham, HW Keller, TM AF Kolel-Veetil, MK Beckham, HW Keller, TM TI Dependence of thermal properties on the copolymer sequence in diacetylene-containing polycarboranylenesiloxanes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; CARBORANYLENESILOXANES AB Diacetylene-containing polycarboranylenesiloxane copolymers were prepared by two different methods to yield either alternating or block copolymers with respect to the diacetylene distribution along the backbone. With each method, a set of copolymers was prepared with trisiloxane:carborane:diacetylene molar ratios of 10:9:1, 5:4:1, and 3:2:1. Both sets of copolymers yielded networks upon thermal curing. Even though the two methods produced materials of comparable molecular weights and overall compositions, the variation in the copolymer sequence caused noticeable differences in the calorimetric glass transitions for the copolymers in which the diacetylene group was most concentrated (i.e., the 3:2:1 and 5:4:1 copolymers). The copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and H-1 solid-state NMR spectroscopy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM manojkv@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; haskell.beckham@ptfe.gatech.edu; keller1@cesalpha3.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 16 BP 3162 EP 3167 DI 10.1021/cm035348i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 844MP UT WOS:000223162700025 ER PT J AU Narayanan, C Rao, VNR Kaihatu, JM AF Narayanan, C Rao, VNR Kaihatu, JM TI Model parameterization and experimental design issues in nearshore bathymetry inversion SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE experimental design; model parameterization; bathymetric inversion ID DATA ASSIMILATION; DEPTH INVERSION; BEACH PROFILES; WAVES; IDENTIFIABILITY; SYSTEMS; IMAGERY AB We present a general method for approaching inverse problems for bathymetric determination under shoaling waves. We run the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) model for various bathymetric representations while collecting data in the form of free-surface imagery and time series. The sensitivity matrix provides information on the range of influence of data on the parameter space. By minimizing the parameter variances, three metrics based on the sensitivity matrix are derived that can be systematically used to make choices of experiment design and model parameterization. This analysis provides insights that are useful, irrespective of the minimization scheme chosen for inversion. We identify the characteristics of the data (time series versus snapshots, early time measurements versus long-duration measurements, nearshore measurements versus offshore measurements), and model (bathymetry parameterizations) for inversion to be possible. We show that Bruun/Dean and Exponential bathymetric parameterizations are preferred over polynomial parameterizations. The former can be used for inversion with both time series and snapshot data, while the latter is preferably used only with snapshot data. Also, guidelines for time separation between snapshots and spatial separation between time series measurements are derived. C1 Natl Weather Serv, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. MIT, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Natl Weather Serv, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, 5200 Auth Rd Room 209, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM chandrasekher.narayanan@noaa.gov; rrao@mit.edu; kaihatu@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C8 AR C08006 DI 10.1029/2002JC001756 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 846UY UT WOS:000223344100001 ER PT J AU Casado, J Hernandez, V Kim, OK Lehn, JM Navarrete, JTL Ledesma, SD Ortiz, RP Delgado, MCR Vida, Y Perez-Inestrosa, E AF Casado, J Hernandez, V Kim, OK Lehn, JM Navarrete, JTL Ledesma, SD Ortiz, RP Delgado, MCR Vida, Y Perez-Inestrosa, E TI Vibrational and quantum-chemical study of nonlinear optical chromophores containing dithienothiophene as the electron relay SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; IR spectroscopy; nonlinear optics; push-pull oligomers; Raman spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy ID INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER; DONOR-ACCEPTOR POLYENES; LARGE QUADRATIC HYPERPOLARIZABILITIES; END-CAPPED OLIGOTHIOPHENES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BOND-LENGTH ALTERNATION; ORGANIC MATERIALS; AB-INITIO; SUBSTITUTED OLIGOTHIOPHENES; MOLECULAR MATERIALS AB A series of nonlinear optical (NLO) donor-acceptor (D-A) chromophores containing a fused terthiophene, namely dithienothiophene (DTT), as the electron relay, the same donor group, and acceptors of various strengths, has been investigated by means of infrared and Raman spectroscopies, both in the solid state as well as in a variety of solvents, to evaluate the effectiveness of the intramolecular charge transfer from the electron-donor to the electron-acceptor end groups. The Raman spectral profiles of these NLO-phores measured from their dilute solutions have been found to be rather similar to those of the corresponding solids, and thus their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) shows very little dependence on the solvent polarity. The experimental results obtained for the DTT-containing NLO-phore with a 4-(N,N-dibutylamino)styryl end group as the donor and a 2,2-dicyanoethen-1-yl end group as the acceptor differ from those previously obtained for two parent "push-pull" chromophores with the same D-A pair but built-up around either a bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythienyl) (BEDOT) or a bithienyl (BT) electron relay. Vibrational spectroscopy shows that DTT is significantly more efficient as an electron relay than BT (which has the same number of conjugated C=C bonds) or BEDOT (which can be viewed as a rigidified version of BT on account of noncovalent intramolecular interactions between heteroatoms of adjacent rings). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have also been performed on these NLO-phores to assign their main electronic and vibrational features and to obtain information about their structures. An additional merit of these molecular materials was revealed by the infrared spectra of the DTT-based NLO-phores recorded at different temperatures. Thus, spectra recorded between -170 and 150degreesC did not show any substantial change, indicating that the materials have a high thermal stability, which is of significance for their use as active components in optoelectronic devices. C1 Univ Malaga, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Fis, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. Univ Malaga, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Organ, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Coll France, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Hernandez, V (reprint author), Univ Malaga, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Fis, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. EM teodomiro@uma.es RI Hernandez, Victor/E-1624-2012; Ponce Ortiz, Rocio/B-3730-2013; Vida, Yolanda/M-5662-2014; Lopez Navarrete, Juan Teodomiro /H-3783-2015; Ruiz Delgado, Maria Carmen /F-7038-2013; Perez-Inestrosa, Ezequiel/H-9801-2015; OI Vida Pol, Yolanda/0000-0002-7004-4629; Ponce Ortiz, Rocio/0000-0002-3836-3494; Lopez Navarrete, Juan Teodomiro /0000-0002-5763-9214; Ruiz Delgado, Maria Carmen /0000-0001-8180-7153; Perez-Inestrosa, Ezequiel/0000-0001-7546-5273; Hernandez Jolin, Victor/0000-0002-3728-5084 NR 62 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 10 IS 15 BP 3805 EP 3816 DI 10.1002/chem.200305752 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 846HB UT WOS:000223305400023 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, A Przybyl, AK Linders, JTM Kodato, S Tian, XR Deschamps, JR George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Hashimoto, A Przybyl, AK Linders, JTM Kodato, S Tian, XR Deschamps, JR George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI Probes for narcotic receptor-mediated phenomena. 33. Construction of a strained trans-5,6-ring system by displacement of a nitro-activated aromatic fluorine. Synthesis of the penultimate oxide-bridged phenylmorphans SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETEROATOM DIRECTED PHOTOARYLATION; ARYL VINYL ETHERS; ANTAGONISTS; MORPHINE; ISOMERS; 5-(META-HYDROXYPHENYL)MORPHAN; HEXAHYDRODIBENZOFURANS; PHOTOCYCLIZATION; STEREOCHEMISTRY; DERIVATIVES AB The synthesis of the ortho- and para-e isomers in the oxide-bridged 5-phenylmorphan series of rigid tetracyclic compounds was accomplished via rac-5-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)-2-methyl-2azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9beta-ol ((+/-)-10), an intermediate containing an aromatic nitro-activated fluorine atom. The fluorine atom was used as the leaving group for the formation of the strained tetracyclic trans-fused 5,6-ring system in rac-(1alpha,4aalpha,9aalpha)-1,3,4,9a-tetrahydro-2-methyl-6-nitro-2H-1,4a-propanobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine ((+/-)-11), although preference for cis ring fusion during the formation of tricyclic tetra- and hexahydrodibenzofurans has been well-documented. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study of the desired para-e isomer ((+/-)-2), as well as of two intermediates in its synthesis, provided assurance of the correct structures. The e-isomers are among the last of the 12 oxide-bridged 5-phenylmorphans to be synthesized. We envisioned the syntheses of these rigid, tetracyclic compounds in order to determine the three-dimensional pattern of a ligand that would enable interaction with opioid receptors as agonists or antagonists. C1 NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, US Dept HHS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, US Dept HHS, NIH, Bldg 8,Room B1-23, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 16 BP 5322 EP 5327 DI 10.1021/jo040159k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 842MJ UT WOS:000223008100021 PM 15287777 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Willauer, HD Lloyd, CT Hughes, JM Beal-, EJ AF Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Willauer, HD Lloyd, CT Hughes, JM Beal-, EJ TI Recycled soybean cooking oils as blending stocks for diesel fuels SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB It has been proposed that renewable energy sources be substituted or at least used as blending stocks for middle distillate ground transportation fuels. The U.S. Navy is considering allowing up to 20% soybean biodiesel to be added as a blending stock to petroleum diesel fuels. It is important for operational considerations to look at the many positives and/or negatives that this could engender. Among the more important considerations are storage stability, filterability, fuel solubility, oxidative stability, and induced instability reactions. This paper reports on methylated recycled restaurant soybean cooking oils used as blending stocks for ground transportation diesel fuels. We compare this recycled soy liquid in blends of both 10% and 20% with petroleum middle distillate fuels for storage stability, oxidative stability, solubility, and chemical instability results. These results are contrasted to those of pure soy-derived fuel liquids used as blending stocks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Tech Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Fuels & Lubricants Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gmushrus@gmu.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 16 BP 4944 EP 4946 DI 10.1021/ie030883d PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 842CH UT WOS:000222979900053 ER PT J AU Yesinowski, JP Purdy, AP AF Yesinowski, JP Purdy, AP TI Defect dynamics observed by NMR of quadrupolar nuclei in gallium nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yesinowski, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yesinows@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 30 BP 9166 EP 9167 DI 10.1021/ja049603r PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 841SE UT WOS:000222950900009 PM 15281790 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Wang, DW AF Hwang, PA Wang, DW TI An empirical investigation of source term balance of small scale surface waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIND-GENERATED WAVES; NUMBER SPECTRA; GRAVITY-WAVES; OCEAN; EQUILIBRIUM; WAVENUMBER; MODEL; SLOPE; RANGE AB Phillips [1984] presents a method to derive the dissipation function ( D) of the wave action density conservation equation from the functional dependence of the wave saturation spectrum ( B) on wind friction velocity. The method is applied to field spectra of small scale waves ( wavelengths between 0.02 and 6 m). The results indicate that D approaches asymptotically to B-3 toward long gravity waves and to B-2.3 for short gravity waves. In the middle wavelength range (0.16 to 2.1 m), the dependence is as strong as B-10. This may suggest that the spectral property of wave breaking is localized in the wavenumber space, with strong signature in the 0.16 to 2.1 m wavelength scale. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM phwang@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 16 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15301 DI 10.1029/2004GL020080 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846RY UT WOS:000223335100001 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ AF Yang, WS Butler, JE Russell, JN Hamers, RJ TI Interfacial electrical properties of DNA-modified diamond thin films: Intrinsic response and hybridization-induced field effects SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; TRANSFER KINETICS; GOLD ELECTRODES; SURFACES; SILICON; POLYCRYSTALLINE; CHARGE; IMPEDANCE; ALKYL; QUANTITATION AB We have investigated the frequency-dependent interfacial electrical properties of nanocrystalline diamond films that were covalently linked to DNA oligonucleotides and how these properties are changed upon exposure to complementary and noncomplementary DNA oligonucleotides. Frequency-dependent electrical measurements at the open-circuit potential show significant changes in impedance at frequencies of > 10(4) Hz when DNA-modified diamond films are exposed to complementary DNA, with only minimal changes when exposed to noncomplementary DNA molecules. Measurements as a function of potential show that at 10(5) Hz, the impedance is dominated by the space-charge region of the diamond film. DNA molecules hybridizing at the interface induce a field effect in the diamond space-charge layer, altering the impedance of the diamond film. By identifying a range of impedances where the impedance is dominated by the diamond space-charge layer, we show that it possible to directly observe DNA hybridization, in real time and without additional labels, via simple measurement of the interfacial impedance. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rjhamers@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 60 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 16 BP 6778 EP 6787 DI 10.1021/la036460y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 843GN UT WOS:000223066700040 PM 15274585 ER PT J AU Kruppa, W Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Boos, JB AF Kruppa, W Yang, MJ Bennett, BR Boos, JB TI Low-frequency noise in AlSb/InAs high-electron-mobility transistor structure as a function of temperature and illumination SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE QUANTUM-WELLS; LOW-VOLTAGE; HEMTS AB Measurements of the low-frequency noise in AlSb/InAs high-electron-mobility transistor structures over the temperature range between 60 and 300 K are reported. Without illumination, the slope of the noise level with frequency was found to be close to 1/f with a Hooge parameter, alpha(H), of 9x10(-3) at room temperature. With broad-spectrum visible-light illumination at lower temperatures, however, the noise level increases greatly and displays a strong Lorentzian component with the characteristic 1/f(2) slope above the corner frequency. The associated sheet resistance also increases greatly, consistent with previously observed negative photoconductivity in AlSb/InAs quantum wells. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kruppa, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kruppa@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 5 BP 774 EP 776 DI 10.1063/1.1777390 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841YS UT WOS:000222969200026 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Muratore, C Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF Blackwell, DD Meger, RA AF Walton, SG Muratore, C Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF Blackwell, DD Meger, RA TI Electron-beam-generated plasmas for materials processing SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma-Based Ion Implantation CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL San Antonio, TX SP SW Res Inst DE [C] PIII; [C] nitriding; [C] PACVD; [C] PAPVD; [X] electron beam produced ID IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; THRESHOLD; SYSTEM; IONS AB The results of investigations aimed at characterizing pulsed, electron-beam-produced plasmas for use in materials processing applications are discussed. In situ diagnostics of the bulk plasma and at the plasma/surface interface are reported for plasmas produced in Ar, N-2, and mixtures thereof Langmuir probes were employed to determine the local electron temperature, plasma density, and plasma potential within the plasma, while ion energy analysis and mass spectrometry were used to interrogate the ion flux at an electrode located adjacent to the plasma. The results illustrate the unique capabilities of electron-beam-produced plasmas and the various parameters available to optimize operating conditions for applications such as nitriding, etching, and thin film deposition. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sgwalton@ccs.nri.navy.mil NR 16 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.04.007 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 840GB UT WOS:000222844200008 ER PT J AU Powley, EH Fry, RE Barrett, FJ Bright, DS AF Powley, EH Fry, RE Barrett, FJ Bright, DS TI Dialogic democracy meets command and control: Transformation through the appreciative inquiry summit SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT EXECUTIVE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB This article describes how managers and executives can use Appreciative Inquiry (AI) to promote democratic organizing to involve multiple stakeholders and generate strategic policy. Planned, temporary spaces where democratic organizing can occur may benefit and enhance the change capacity of command and control cultures without replacing or discounting basic organizing structures. We describe democratic organizing in the context of the Appreciative Inquiry Summit, a large-system change initiative that uses dialogic democratic processes to inspire positive change. A case study of ongoing AI Summits within the United States Navy offers an example democratic organizing in a command and control environment. We suggest that within a temporarily organized space like the AI Summit, normative consciousness, holistic collegiality, and communal conviction are key principles of democratic organizing. These design principles not only foster organizational democracy, but they also promote effective and collaborative relationships across organizational levels and functional boundaries well after the intervention has ended. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Powley, EH (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM powley@case.edu; ronald.fry@case.edu; fbarrett@nps.edu; dxb83@case.edu NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 0896-3789 J9 ACAD MANAGE EXEC JI Acad. Manage. Exec. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 67 EP 80 PG 14 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 862CE UT WOS:000224466400007 ER PT J AU Fabian, J Zutic, I AF Fabian, J Zutic, I TI Spin switch and spin amplifier: Magnetic bipolar transistor in the saturation regime SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International School on Physics of Semiconducting Compounds CY 2004 CL Jaszowiec, POLAND ID INJECTION; SPINTRONICS; METALS; DIODE AB It is shown that magnetic bipolar transistors can amplify currents even in the saturation regime, in which both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are forward biased. The collector current and the current gain can change sign as they depend on the relative orientation of the equilibrium spin in the base and on the nonequilibrium spin in the emitter and collector. The predicted phenomena should be useful for electrical detection of nonequilibrium spins in semiconductors, as well as for magnetic control of current amplification and for current switching. C1 Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Theoret Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fabian, J (reprint author), Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Theoret Phys, Universitatspl 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RI Fabian, Jaroslav/K-1700-2013 OI Fabian, Jaroslav/0000-0002-3009-4525 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 857ZL UT WOS:000224159600001 ER PT J AU McCutchan, FE Sankale, JL M'Boup, S Kim, B Tovanabutra, S Hamel, DJ Brodine, SK Kanki, PJ Birx, DL AF McCutchan, FE Sankale, JL M'Boup, S Kim, B Tovanabutra, S Hamel, DJ Brodine, SK Kanki, PJ Birx, DL TI HIV type 1 circulating recombinant form CRF09_cpx from West Africa combines subtypes A, F, G, and may share ancestors with CRF02_AG and Z321 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; DIVERSITY; EPIDEMIC; THAILAND; ISOLATE; STRAIN; PREDOMINANCE; SEQUENCES; INFECTION; NIGERIA AB Two HIV-1 intersubtype recombinant forms are circulating widely in populations and have become important strains in the pandemic: CRF01_AE in Southeast Asia and CRF02_AG in West and West Central Africa, respectively. Several other circulating recombinant forms (CRF) have also been identified, but with fewer numbers of infections and/or more limited geographic spread. Here we expand knowledge of HIV-1 CRF using clinical samples, principally from West Africa, that were difficult to classify by partial genome sequencing. DNA was extracted from primary patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The virtually complete HIV-1 genome was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced. Additional strains were characterized by partial envelope sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was used to identify and map intersubtype recombination breakpoints. Four virtually complete genome sequences and two partial envelope sequences represent CRF09_cpx, a newly identified complex recombinant HIV-1 whose principal focus seems to be in West Africa. This recombinant includes segments of subtypes A, F, G, and unclassified genetic material. It shares unique unclassified regions with the early Zaire strain Z321. There are similarities in structure, but considerable genetic distances, between CRF09_cpx and CRF02_AG IbNG. In conclusion, it is possible that this CRF shared common ancestors with both Z321 and CRF02_AG in the course of the pandemic, perhaps arising by recombination between earlier forms of these strains. Although newly identified, at least one infection with CRF09_cpx has already occurred outside of Africa. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Global Mol Epidemiol Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal. Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. USN, Hlth Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McCutchan, FE (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, Global Mol Epidemiol Program, 1600 E Guide Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fmccutchan@hivresearch.org NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 8 BP 819 EP 826 DI 10.1089/0889222041725163 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 852AF UT WOS:000223726900006 PM 15320986 ER PT J AU McGowan, JC Wallace, SK AF McGowan, JC Wallace, SK TI Synergy of a combined near-infrared spectroscopy and blood oxygenation level-dependent functional activation study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McGowan, JC (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1127 EP 1128 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 846OY UT WOS:000223326400001 PM 15313694 ER PT J AU Chauhan, SP Doherty, DD Magann, EF Cahanding, F Moreno, F Klausen, JH AF Chauhan, Suneet P. Doherty, Dorota D. Magann, Everett F. Cahanding, Francis Moreno, Frank Klausen, Jack H. TI Amniotic fluid index vs single deepest pocket technique during modified biophysical profile: A randomized clinical trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE modified biophysical profile; amniotic fluid; oligohydramnios AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the superior technique, if either, of the amniotic fluid index (AFI) vs the single deepest pocket technique in predicting an adverse pregnancy outcome among high-risk patients undergoing antenatal testing. Study design: Patients having modified biophysical profile (nonstress test plus sonographic estimation of amniotic fluid) were randomized to either have AFI or determination of the presence or absence of a 2 X 1-cm single deepest pocket. Results: Between January of 1997 and December of 2001, 1080 women were randomized with 530 women in the AFI arm, and 558 in the 2 X 1 pocket arm. The maternal demographics and prenatal complications were similar between groups. Significantly more patients were identified as having oligohydramnios using AFI (17%) compared with using 2 X 1 pocket (10%) (P =.002). The overall rate of cesarean section for nonreassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing was 3.8% (30 cases, with 16 cases in the AFI-monitored, and 14 cases in the 2 X 1 pocket-monitored groups, respectively, P =.608). Logistic regression analysis showed no difference between the groups with respect to the ability to identify patients who underwent cesarean section for nonreassuring FHR tracing during labor (P =.999). The umbilical artery pH < 7.1 (P =. 688) and admission to the newborn intensive care unit were also comparable between groups. Conclusion: During antepartum fetal surveillance, use of single deepest pocket compared with amniotic fluid index is associated with a significantly lower rate of suspected oligohydramnios. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chauhan, Suneet P.] Spartanburg Reg Med Ctr, Spartanburg, SC USA. [Doherty, Dorota D.] Univ Western Australia, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. [Magann, Everett F.] Portsmouth Naval Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Cahanding, Francis; Moreno, Frank; Klausen, Jack H.] USN Hosp, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Chauhan, SP (reprint author), Reg Womens Hlth Care, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 853 N Church St,Suite, Spartanburg, SC 29303 USA. EM schauhan@srhs.com NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 191 IS 2 BP 661 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.078 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA V58VL UT WOS:000203976500054 PM 15343260 ER PT J AU Pando, MDP Biglione, MM Toscano, MF Rey, JA Russell, KL Negrete, M Gianni, S Martinez-Peralta, L Salomon, H Sosa-Estani, S Montano, SM Olson, JG Sanchez, JL Carr, JK Avila, MM AF Pando, MDP Biglione, MM Toscano, MF Rey, JA Russell, KL Negrete, M Gianni, S Martinez-Peralta, L Salomon, H Sosa-Estani, S Montano, SM Olson, JG Sanchez, JL Carr, JK Avila, MM TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other viral co-infections among young heterosexual men and women in Argentina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; HTLV-II INFECTION; BLOOD-DONORS; BUENOS-AIRES; SEROPREVALENCE; HIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDIANS AB Infections with hepatitis C virus, (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human T lymphotropic type I/II (HTLV-I/II) virus are commonly found in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We conducted a seroepidemiologic study among 174 HIV-positive heterosexuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1999. Evidence of exposure to HCV, HBV, and HTLV-I/II was found in 32%,17%, and 5%, respectively. A higher prevalence of HBV infection was observed among males (33%) compared with females (12%; P < 0.05). Among women, a prior history of a sexually transmitted infection, injecting drug use (IDU), having had more than five lifetime sex partners, and having exchanged sex-for-goods were significantly associated with HCV infection, whereas an IDU history, syringe sharing, and having exchanged sex-for-goods were found to be associated with HBV infection. Among men, an IDU history and syringe/needle sharing were significantly associated with HCV infection. The IDU-related and sexual transmission of hepatitis viruses constitute a significant problem among young, HIV-infected, heterosexuals in Argentina. C1 Ctr Nacl Referencia SIDA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Clin Jose San Martin, Lab Hemoterapia, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. US Naval Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. US Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Pando, MDP (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, Paraguay 2155,Piso 11,C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM mpando@fmed.uba.ar; mbiglione@fmed.uba.ar; mfertos@yahoo.com.ar; jrey@arnet.com.ar; Russell@nhrc.navy.mil; mnegreteg@yahoo.com; silviaserman@infovia.com.ar; lilimp@fmed.uba.ar; hsalomon@fmed.uba.ar; ssosaestani@abaconet.com.ar; smontano@nmrcd.med.navy.mil; olson@nmrcd.med.navy.mil; jsanchez@hivresearch.org; Jcarr@hivresearch.org; mavila@fmed.uba.ar NR 34 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 848AZ UT WOS:000223440700005 PM 15306703 ER PT J AU Ballou, WR Arevalo-Herrera, M Carucci, D Richie, TL Corradin, G Diggs, C Druilhe, P Giersing, BK Saul, A Heppner, DG Kester, KE Lanar, DE Lyon, J Hill, AVS Pan, WQ Cohen, JD AF Ballou, WR Arevalo-Herrera, M Carucci, D Richie, TL Corradin, G Diggs, C Druilhe, P Giersing, BK Saul, A Heppner, DG Kester, KE Lanar, DE Lyon, J Hill, AVS Pan, WQ Cohen, JD TI Update on the clinical development of candidate malaria vaccines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Multilateral Initiative on Malaria Pan-African Malaria Conference CY NOV 17-22, 2002 CL ARUSHA, TANZANIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Agcy Int Dev, JHPIEGO Corp ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; VIRUS ANKARA; DNA VACCINE; IN-VITRO; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY AB The recent availability of significantly increased levels of funding for unmet medical needs in the developing world, made available by newly created public-private-partnerships, has proven to be a powerful driver for stimulating clinical development of candidate vaccines for malaria. This new way forward promises to greatly increase the likelihood of bringing a safe and effective vaccine to licensure. The investigators bring together important published and unpublished information that illuminates the status of malaria vaccine development. They focus their comments on those candidate vaccines that are currently in or expected to enter clinical trials in the next 12 months. C1 GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Clin Res & Dev, Emerging Dis, Rixensart, Belgium. GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Res & Dev, Rixensart, Belgium. Malaria Vaccine & Drug Testing Ctr, Cali, Colombia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC USA. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Trials, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Oxford, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Trop Med, Oxford, England. Second Mil Med Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Ballou, WR (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Clin Res & Dev, Emerging Dis, 89 Rue Inst, Rixensart, Belgium. EM Ripley.Ballou@gskbio.com RI HILL, Adrian/C-1306-2008; Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011; Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; Saul, Allan/I-6968-2013 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802; Saul, Allan/0000-0003-0665-4091 NR 36 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 SU S BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 850LM UT WOS:000223612900033 PM 15331843 ER PT J AU Tanen, DA Danish, DC Grice, GA Riffenburgh, RH Clark, RF AF Tanen, DA Danish, DC Grice, GA Riffenburgh, RH Clark, RF TI Fasciotomy worsens the amount of myonecrosis in a porcine model of crotaline envenomation SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology CY SEP 09-16, 2003 CL Chicago, IL ID HYPERTONIC SODIUM-BICARBONATE; RATTLESNAKE ENVENOMATIONS; VIRIDIS-VIRIDIS; MANAGEMENT; VENOM; BITES; COMPARTMENT; DEBRIDEMENT; ANTIVENIN; TOXICITY AB Study objective: We evaluate the efficacy of fasciotomy or crotaline snake antivenom in reducing myonecrosis. Methods: We used a randomized, blinded, controlled acute animal preparation. Twenty anesthetized swine were injected intramuscularly in the anterior tibiales muscle of both hind limbs with 6 mg/kg of Crotalus atrox venom (total of 12 mg/kg of venom per animal). Immediately after venom injection, the right hind limb underwent fasciotomy. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the fasciotomized hind limb at 0,4, and 8 hours and from the other hind limb at the conclusion of the study(8 hours). In addition, animals received either 8 vials of reconstituted Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) (CroFab; FabAV) or an equal volume of normal saline solution intravenously 1 hour after venom injection. A pathologist blinded to the study determined the percentage of myonecrotic cells in each biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance for compartment pressure. Rank-order methods were used for comparison of myonecrosis between groups. Results: Biopsies from hind limbs undergoing fasciotomy revealed a progressive increase in the amount of myonecrosis overtime (myonecrosis median at 0,4, or 8 hours [or death]: 0%, 14%, or 14.5%, respectively; P<.001). Comparison of the amount of myonecrosis of biopsies at death or 8 hours revealed that limbs that underwent fasciotomy had significantly more myonecrosis than those that did not (myonecrosis median: 14.5% versus 2.5%, P=.048). No difference was detected in the amount of myonecrosis when FabAV was compared with normal saline solution on final biopsies from either fasciotomy or nonfasciotomy hind limb (myonecrosis median: 10.0% versus 10.0%, P=.64). Conclusion: Fasciotomy significantly worsens the amount of myonecrosis in a porcine model of intramuscular crotaline venom injection. No change in the amount of myonecrosis was detected with the use of FabAV treatment at the dosages used in this animal model. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Div Med Toxicol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 91234 USA. EM dtanen@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.01.009 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 842AY UT WOS:000222975900001 PM 15278079 ER PT J AU Clark, PC Yencha, MW Hart, AKE AF Clark, PC Yencha, MW Hart, AKE TI Management of isolated extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a pregnant patient SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervical adenitis; pregnancy; tuberculosis ID LYMPHADENOPATHY; LYMPHADENITIS; NECK; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; WOMEN AB The worldwide incidence of tuberculosis is increasing, largely as a consequence of both the increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The pulmonary system is typically the primary site of involvement by this infectious disease; however, extrapulmonary disease does occasionally occur. Although uncommon, neck involvement can occur. The usual presentation is bilateral adenopathy from pulmonary dissemination. Tuberculous cervical adenitis in the absence of pulmonary findings is rare. A concurrent diagnosis of pregnancy complicates the treatment of the infected patient. We present a case of isolated, unilateral tuberculous cervical adenitis in a pregnant patient and discuss the multidisciplinary approach necessary for the appropriate management of this unique situation. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Clark, PC (reprint author), Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 113 IS 8 BP 648 EP 651 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 844RS UT WOS:000223177900009 PM 15330145 ER PT J AU Leonard, GD Wagner, MR Quinn, MG Grem, JL AF Leonard, GD Wagner, MR Quinn, MG Grem, JL TI Severe disabling sensory-motor polyneuropathy during oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy SO ANTI-CANCER DRUGS LA English DT Article DE oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy; sensory-motor polyneuropathy ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; FLUOROURACIL; LEUCOVORIN AB Oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy is an option for first-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. It is associated with acute hyperexcitability of motor and sensory nerves, and a cumulative sensory axonal neuropathy. We describe a 56-year-old male with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine who developed a rapidly ascending motor and sensory neuropathy, which rendered him wheelchair-bound. Heightened clinical suspicion for possible oxaliplatin-induced motor neuropathies may be warranted. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 NCI, Navy Med Oncol, Bethesda, MD USA. USN Med Med, Charette Hlth Ctr, Dept Neurol, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Grem, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Sect Oncol Hematol, 987680 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM jgrem@unmc.edu NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4973 J9 ANTI-CANCER DRUG JI Anti-Cancer Drugs PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 7 BP 733 EP 735 DI 10.1097/01.cad.0000136683.27176.88 PG 3 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 848PI UT WOS:000223479200012 PM 15269607 ER PT J AU Arnold, CB Kim, H Pique, A AF Arnold, CB Kim, H Pique, A TI Laser direct write of planar alkaline microbatteries SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES; SUPPLIES; LITHIUM AB We are developing a laser engineering approach to fabricate and optimize alkaline microbatteries in planar geometries. The laser direct-write technique enables multicapability for adding, removing and processing material and provides the ability to pattern complicated structures needed for fabricating complete microbattery assemblies. In this paper, we demonstrate the production of planar zinc-silver oxide alkaline cells under ambient conditions. The microbattery cells exhibit 1.55-V open-circuit potentials, as expected for the battery chemistry, and show a flat discharge behavior under constant-current loads. High capacities of over 450 muA h cm(-2) are obtained for 5-mm(2) microbatteries. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM cbarnold@princeton.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 79 IS 3 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-2736-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 824GR UT WOS:000221675000005 ER PT J AU Fine, B Gaglione, AM Spellman, D AF Fine, B Gaglione, AM Spellman, D TI The axiomatic closure of the class of discriminating groups SO ARCHIV DER MATHEMATIK LA English DT Article AB In [6] squarelike groups were defined to be those groups G universally equivalent to their direct squares G x G. In that paper it was shown that G is squarelike if and only if G is universally equivalent to a discriminating group in the sense of [3]. Further it was shown that the class of squarelike groups is first-order axiomatizable while the class of discriminating groups is not. In this paper, we prove that the class of squarelike groups is the least axiomatic class containing the discriminating groups. C1 Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fine, B (reprint author), Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. EM amg@usna.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0003-889X J9 ARCH MATH JI Arch. Math. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 2 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00013-004-1067-2 PG 7 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 852PA UT WOS:000223767700003 ER PT J AU Leach, BC Graham, BS AF Leach, BC Graham, BS TI Papular lesion of the proximal nail fold SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECCRINE SPIRADENOMA; TUMORS; HAND C1 USAF, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Leach, BC (reprint author), USAF, San Diego, CA USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 140 IS 8 BP 1003 EP + DI 10.1001/archderm.140.8.1003-a PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 844SO UT WOS:000223180300015 PM 15313820 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Southwick, S Hazlett, G Rasmusson, A Hoyt, G Zimolo, Z Charney, D AF Morgan, CA Southwick, S Hazlett, G Rasmusson, A Hoyt, G Zimolo, Z Charney, D TI Relationships among plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol levels, symptoms of dissociation, and objective performance in humans exposed to acute stress SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID UNCONTROLLABLE STRESS; PREGNENOLONE-SULFATE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; DHEA-S; RECEPTOR; MEN; BRAIN; CORTICOSTERONE; NEUROSTEROIDS AB Context: Recently, a growing body of research has provided evidence that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) is involved in an organism's response to stress and that it may provide beneficial behavioral and neurotrophic effects. Objective: To investigate plasma DHEA-S and cortisol levels, psychological symptoms of dissociation, and military performance. Design: Prospective study. Setting and Participants: Twenty-five healthy subjects enrolled in military survival school. Results: The DHEA-S-cortisol ratios during stress were significantly higher in subjects who reported fewer symptoms of dissociation and exhibited superior military performance. Conclusions: These data provide prospective, empirical evidence that the DHEA-S level is increased by acute stress in healthy humans and that the DHEA-S-cortisol ratio may index the degree to which an individual is buffered against the negative effects of stress. C1 Vet Affairs New England Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA. John F Kennedy Special Warfare Training Ctr & Sch, Psychol Applicat Directorate, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Air Stn N Isl, Fleet Aviat Special Operat Training Grp Pacific N, Coronado, CA USA. RP Morgan, CA (reprint author), Vet Affairs New England Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. EM charles.a.morgan@yale.edu NR 54 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 819 EP 825 DI 10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.819 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 844EN UT WOS:000223140400007 PM 15289280 ER PT J AU Johnston, KJ Fey, AL Gaume, RA Claussen, MJ Hummel, CA AF Johnston, KJ Fey, AL Gaume, RA Claussen, MJ Hummel, CA TI Recent observations of the centimeter radio emission from the T Tauri system SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : general; radio continuum : stars; stars : formation; stars : individual (T Tauri) ID STAR AB Observations of the centimeter radio emission of T Tau in 2003 June are consistent with the radio source T Tau N being coincident with the optical star ( T Tau A) and its radio emission due predominately to a stellar wind. The absolute position of radio source T Tau N shows acceleration in declination, which confirms it is gravitationally bound to T Tau B. The emission from the radio source T Tau S is associated with but may not be coincident with the pre-main-sequence M star (T Tau Bb) in the T Tau B binary. An orbital fit to the IR and radio data, adopting a distance of 140 pc, allows an estimate of the masses of 2.1 and 0.44 M. for the T Tau B binary system. The radio emission of T Tau S may be due to magnetic reconnections in the interbinary medium. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Johnston, KJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 128 IS 2 BP 822 EP 828 DI 10.1086/422490 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 843QO UT WOS:000223099600023 ER PT J AU Lazio, TJW Fischer, J AF Lazio, TJW Fischer, J TI Mid- and far-infrared Infrared Space Observatory limits on dust disks around millisecond pulsars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; pulsars : general ID PLANETARY SYSTEM; PSR B1620-26; BINARY; COMPANION; SEARCH; PROTOPLANETARY; MASSES; M4 AB We report 60 and 90 mum observations of seven millisecond pulsars with the Infrared Space Observatory. The pulsar PSR B1257+12 is orbited by three planets, and other millisecond pulsars may be orbited by dust disks that represent planets that failed to form or their residue. We do not detect any infrared emission from the seven pulsars in our sample, and typical upper limits are 100 mJy. Using a simple model, we constrain the typical dust disk mass to be on the order of less than 100 M-circle plus, assuming that the heating of any putative dust disk would be coupled only weakly to the pulsar's emission. If the planets around PSR B1257+12 are composed largely of metals, our limits are probably an order of magnitude above plausible values for the disk mass in metals. Future observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope should be capable of probing into the range of disk masses that could plausibly give rise to planets. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lazio, TJW (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Joseph.Lazio@nrl.navy.mil; Jacqueline.Fischer@nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 128 IS 2 BP 842 EP 845 DI 10.1086/422492 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 843QO UT WOS:000223099600025 ER PT J AU Feretti, L Orru, E Brunetti, G Giovannini, G Kassim, N Setti, G AF Feretti, L Orru, E Brunetti, G Giovannini, G Kassim, N Setti, G TI Spectral index maps of the radio halos in Abell 665 and Abell 2163 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : general; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual : A665; galaxies : clusters : individual : A2163; galaxies : intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY-EMISSION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MERGER SHOCKS; COMA CLUSTER; TEMPERATURE; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION; MASS AB New radio data at 330 MHz are presented for the rich clusters Abell 665 and Abell 2163, whose radio emission is characterized by the presence of a radio halo. These images allowed LIS to derive the spectral properties of the two clusters under study. The integrated spectra of these halos between 0.3 GHz and 1.4 GHz are moderately steep: alpha(0.3)(1.4) = 1.04 and alpha(0.3)(1.4) = 1.18, for A665 and A2163, respectively. The spectral index maps, produced with an angular resolution of the order of similar to1', show features of the spectral index (fiattening and patches), which are indication of a complex shape of the radiating electron spectrum, and are therefore in support of electron reacceleration models. Regions of flatter spectrum are found to be related to the recent merger activity in these clusters. This is the first strong confirmation that the cluster merger supplies energy to the radio halo. In the undisturbed cluster regions, the spectrum steepens with the distance from the cluster center. This is interpreted as the result of the combination of the magnetic field profile with the spatial distribution of the reacceleration efficiency, thus allowing us to set constraints on the radial profile of the cluster magnetic field. C1 CNR, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feretti, L (reprint author), CNR, Ist Radioastron, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM iferetti@ira.cnr.it OI Feretti, Luigina/0000-0003-0312-6285; Brunetti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-4195-8613; Giovannini, Gabriele/0000-0003-4916-6362 NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 423 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20040316 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 848MY UT WOS:000223473000013 ER PT J AU Torrejon, JM Kreykenbohm, I Orr, A Titarchuk, L Negueruela, I AF Torrejon, JM Kreykenbohm, I Orr, A Titarchuk, L Negueruela, I TI Evidence for a Neutron Star in the non-pullsating massive X-ray binary 4U2206+54 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : binaries : close; X-rays : binaries ID ENERGY CONCENTRATOR SPECTROMETER; COLLIDING STELLAR WINDS; BLACK-HOLES; COMPTONIZATION MODELS; ASTRONOMY SATELLITE; TIMING EXPLORER; VELA X-1; ABSORPTION; ACCRETION; EMISSION AB We present an analysis of archival RXTE and BeppoSAX data of the X-ray source 4U2206+54. For the first time, high energy data (greater than or equal to30 keV) are analyzed for this source. The data are well described by comptonization models (CompTT and BMC) in which seed photons with temperatures between 1.1 keV and 1.5 keV are comptonized by a hot plasma at 50 keV thereby producing a hard tail which extends up to, at least, 100 keV. We offer a new method of identification of neutron star systems using a temperature - lurninosity relation. If a given X-ray source is characterized by a low bolometric luminosity and a relatively high color blackbody temperature (>1 keV) it has necessarily to be a neutron star rather than a black hole. From these arguments it is shown that the area of the soft photon source must be small (r approximate to 1 km) and that the accretion disk, if present, Must be truncated very far from the compact object. Here we report on the possible existence of a cyclotron line around 30 keV The presence of a neutron star in the system is strongly favored by the available data. C1 Univ Alicante, Escuela Politen Super, Dept Fis Ingn Sistemas & Teoria Senal, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. Inst Astron & Astrophys Astron, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Integral Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. ESA, ESTEC Res & Sci Support Div, Noordwijk, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Torrejon, JM (reprint author), Univ Alicante, Escuela Politen Super, Dept Fis Ingn Sistemas & Teoria Senal, Ap 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. EM jmt@disc.ua.es RI Kreykenbohm, Ingo/H-9659-2013; Negueruela, Ignacio/L-5483-2014; Torrejon, Jose /K-6395-2014 OI Kreykenbohm, Ingo/0000-0001-7335-1803; Negueruela, Ignacio/0000-0003-1952-3680; Torrejon, Jose /0000-0002-5967-5163 NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 423 IS 1 BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20035743 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 848MY UT WOS:000223473000029 ER PT J AU Schuck, PW Chen, J Schwartz, IB Yurchyshyn, V AF Schuck, PW Chen, J Schwartz, IB Yurchyshyn, V TI On the temporal relationship between H alpha filament eruptions and soft X-ray emissions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : statistical; stars : flare; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : filaments; techniques : image processing ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FLARE AB A technique for investigating the temporal relationship between Halpha filament eruptions and soft X-ray flux is presented. The method is fast, simple, based on statistical measures, and requires no a priori knowledge regarding the location of the filaments on the solar disk. The method is used to study the filament eruption associated with a coronal mass ejection and the M-class flare that originated from NOAA Active Region 9163 on 2000 September 12. The technique provides a quantitative determination of the temporal relationship between changes in the Halpha filament and soft X-ray flux. We conclude that the filament eruption begins 2 hr prior to the first detectable enhancement in soft X-ray flux. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schuck@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 610 IS 2 BP L133 EP L136 DI 10.1086/423170 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840AF UT WOS:000222828700016 ER PT J AU Winebarger, AR Warren, HP AF Winebarger, AR Warren, HP TI Can trace extreme-ultraviolet observations of cooling coronal loops be used to determine the heating parameters? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; TRANSITION-REGION; EXPLORER; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; PROFILES AB Recent analysis of relatively cool (similar to1 MK) active region loops observed with TRACE has suggested that these loops have been heated impulsively and are cooling through the TRACE bandpasses. In this Letter we explore the evolution of cooling loops to determine if the TRACE EUV observations can be used to determine the magnitude, duration, and location of the energy release. We find that the evolution of the apex density and temperature in an impulsively heated cooling loop depends only on the total energy deposited ( not the magnitude, duration, or location of the energy deposition) after the loop cools past an "equilibrium point," where the conductive and radiative cooling times are comparable. Hence, observations must be made early in the evolution of a loop to determine the heating parameters. Typical TRACE observations of cooling loops do not provide adequate information to discriminate between different heating scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Winebarger, AR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM winebarger@nrl.navy.mil; hwarren@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 610 IS 2 BP L129 EP L132 DI 10.1086/423304 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840AF UT WOS:000222828700015 ER PT J AU Holm, ER Schultz, MP Haslbeck, EG Talbott, WJ Field, AJ AF Holm, ER Schultz, MP Haslbeck, EG Talbott, WJ Field, AJ TI Evaluation of hydrodynamic drag on experimental fouling-release surfaces, using rotating disks SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE drag; biofilm; fouling-release; silicone surfaces ID BACTERIAL ADHESION; BIOFILMS; WETTABILITY; ATTACHMENT; FILMS; TBT AB Fouling by biofilms significantly increases frictional drag on ships' hulls. A device, the friction disk machine, designed to measure torque on rotating disks, was used to examine differences among experimental fouling-release coatings in the drag penalty due to accumulated biofilms. Penalties were measured as the percentage change in the frictional resistance coefficient C f . Drag penalties due to microfouling ranged from 9% to 29%, comparable to previously reported values. An antifouling control coating showed a smaller drag penalty than the fouling-release coatings. There were also significant differences among the fouling-release coatings in drag due to biofilm formation. These results indicate that the friction disk machine may serve as a valuable tool for investigating the effects of experimental coatings, both antifouling and fouling-release, on microfouling and associated drag penalties. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Holm, ER (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Code 641,Bldg 60,Rm 334,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM holmer@nswccd.navy.mil RI Schultz, Michael/C-3670-2008 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PD AUG-OCT PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1080/08927010400011245 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 882GD UT WOS:000225926300004 PM 15621643 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Ray, RI Lemieux, EJ Falster, AU Little, BJ AF Lee, JS Ray, RI Lemieux, EJ Falster, AU Little, BJ TI An evaluation of carbon steel corrosion under stagnant seawater conditions SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE seawater; aerobic; anaerobic; sulphate-reducing bacteria ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; UNDERNEATH AEROBIC BIOFILMS; MILD-STEEL; STAINLESS-STEEL; COPPER; SYSTEM AB Corrosion of 1020 carbon steel coupons in natural seawater over a 1-year period was more aggressive under strictly anaerobic stagnant conditions than under aerobic stagnant conditions as measured by weight loss and instantaneous corrosion rate (polarization resistance). Under oxygenated conditions, a two-tiered oxide layer of lepidocrocite/goethite formed. The inner layer was extremely tenacious and resistant to acid cleaning. Under anaerobic conditions, the corrosion product was initially a non-tenacious sulphur-rich corrosion product, mackinawite, with enmeshed bacteria. As more sulphide was produced the mackinawite was transformed to pyrrhotite. In both aerobic and anaerobic exposures, corrosion was more aggressive on horizontally oriented coupons compared to vertically oriented samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Naval Res Lab, Key West, FL 33040 USA. Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jlee@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PD AUG-OCT PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1080/08927010400013274 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 882GD UT WOS:000225926300006 PM 15621645 ER PT J AU Zope, RR Baruah, T Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI AF Zope, RR Baruah, T Pederson, MR Dunlap, BI TI Electronic structure, vibrational stability, infra-red, and Raman spectra of B24N24 cages SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOTUBES; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; FULLERENE; CLUSTERS AB We report an all electron density functional study of three candidate structures for the B24N24 cage. The structures considered are an octahedral O round cage, S-4 symmetric cage that satisfies the isolated square rule, and a cage of S-8 symmetry with caps of (4,4) nanotube. The S-4 and S-8 cages are energetically nearly degenerate and are favored over the O cage containing six extra octagons and squares. The infra-red and Raman spectra of the three clusters show notable differences providing thereby a way to identify and possibly synthesize the cages. The ionization potentials and static dipole polarizabilities are also reported. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189,Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rzope@alchemy.nrl.navy.mil; baruah@dave.nrl.navy.mil; pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil; dunlap@nrl.navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 16 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 393 IS 4-6 BP 300 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.047 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842ZL UT WOS:000223043100004 ER PT J AU Nipper, M Qian, YR Carr, RS Miller, K AF Nipper, M Qian, YR Carr, RS Miller, K TI Degradation of picric acid and 2,6-DNT in marine sediments and waters: the role of microbial activity and ultra-violet evposure SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ordnance; degradation; biotransformation; photo-transformation; picric acid; 2,6-DNT ID RHODOCOCCUS-ERYTHROPOLIS; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; 2,4,6-TRINITROPHENOL; BIODEGRADATION; 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; TRANSFORMATION AB Bio- and photo-transformation of two munitions and explosives of concern, 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) were assessed in spiked marine sediments and water. A sandy and a fine-grained sediment, with 0.25% and 1.1% total organic carbon, respectively, were used for biotransformation assessments at 10 and 20 degreesC. Sterilized sediments were used as controls for biotic vs. abiotic transformation. Transformation products were analyzed by HPLC, GC/MS and LC/MS. Biotransformation in sediments started soon after the initial contact of the chemicals with the sediments and proceeded for several months, with rates in the following sequence: fine-grain at 20 degreesC > fine-grain at 10 degreesC > sand at 20 degreesC > sand at 10 degreesC. The biotransformation paths seemed to be similar for all conditions. The major biotransformation product of 2,6-DNT was 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene (2-A-6-NT). 2-Nitrotoluene (2-NT) and other minor components, including; N,N-dimethyl-3-nitroaniline, benzene nitrile, methylamino-2-nitrosophenol and diaminophenol, were also identified. After more prolonged incubation these chemicals were replaced by high molecular weight polymers. Several breakdown products of picric acid were identified by GC/MS, including 2,4-dinitrophenol, amino dinitrophenols, 3,4-diamino phenol, amino nitrophenol and nitro diaminophenol. Photo-transformation of 2,6-DNT and picric acid in seawater was assessed under simulated solar radiation (SSR). No significant photolysis of picric acid in seawater was observed for up to 47 days, but photo-transformation of 2,6-DNT began soon after the initial exposure to SSR, with 89% being photo-transformed in 24 h and none remaining after 72 h. High molecular weight chemicals were generated, with mass spectra ranging from molecular weight 200-500 compared to 182 for DNT, and the color of the stock solution changed from clear to orange. Complexity of the mass spectra and mass differences among fragments suggest that multiple polymers were produced and were co-eluting during the LC/MS analyses. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Restorat Dev Branch, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Nipper, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Coastal Studies, 6300 Ocean Dr,NRC Suite 3200, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. EM mnipper@falcon.tamucc.edu NR 31 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 6 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.039 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 837RF UT WOS:000222652500002 PM 15212895 ER PT J AU Barrett, MJ Lacey, CS Sekara, AE Linden, EA Gracely, EJ AF Barrett, MJ Lacey, CS Sekara, AE Linden, EA Gracely, EJ TI Mastering cardiac murmurs - The power of repetition SO CHEST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Chest-Physicians CY OCT 25-30, 2003 CL ORLAMDO, FL SP Amer Coll Chest Physicians DE cardiac murmurs; heart auscultation; medical students; teaching ID INTERNAL-MEDICINE; AUSCULTATION; DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT; SKILLS AB Background: The ability of medical students to recognize heart murmurs is poor (20%), and does not improve with subsequent years of training. A teaching method to improve this skill would be useful. Study objectives: To determine whether intensive repetition of four basic cardiac murmurs improves auscultatory proficiency in medical students. Design: Controlled intervention study. Subjects: Fifty-one second-year medical students in an east coast medical school. Interventions: Subjects were classified into three groups: (1) a monitored group, who listened to 500 repetitions of each murmur in a monitored setting, (2) an unmonitored group, who listened to 500 repetitions of each murmur in an unmonitored setting, and (3) a control group. All three groups were tested using a pretest and posttest methodology. Measurements and results: The 20 subjects in the monitored group improved from 13.5 +/- 9.8 to 85 +/- 17.6% following the intervention (mean +/- SD). Similarly, 21 students in the unmonitored group improved from 20.9 +/- 10.9 to 86.1 +/- 15.6%. Ten control students showed no significant improvement (24 +/- 21.7 to 32 +/- 22.5%). The differences between the two intervention groups and the control subjects was significant at p < 0.001 by analysis of variance. Conclusion: Five hundred repetitions of four basic cardiac murmurs significantly improved auscultatory proficiency in recognizing basic cardiac murmurs by medical students. These results suggest that cardiac auscultation is, in part, a technical skill. C1 USAF, Dept Cardiovasc Med & Surg, Travis Base Hosp, Fairfield, CA USA. USAF, Dept Internal Med, Travis Base Hosp, Fairfield, CA USA. USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Barrett, MJ (reprint author), 620 GSB Bldg,1 Belmont Ave, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 USA. EM mbarret55@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2004 VL 126 IS 2 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1378/chest.126.2.470 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 846CZ UT WOS:000223293900027 PM 15302733 ER PT J AU Tieu, K Silverman, ED Cole, RL AF Tieu, K Silverman, ED Cole, RL TI Bull rider's myositis SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE bone scan; extraosseous uptake AB A 21-year-old man was evaluated for acute hip pain with skeletal scintigraphy to exclude femoral neck stress fracture. The bone scan revealed extraosseous tracer uptake in the adductor muscles of the thighs bilaterally. History revealed multiple episodes of mechanical bull riding within the previous week. Muscle uptake of bone scanning agents may occur in a variety of conditions including overexertion and direct trauma to muscle. C1 USN Hosp, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Silverman, ED (reprint author), USN Hosp, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 204, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM edsilverman@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 8 BP 514 EP 515 DI 10.1097/01.rlu.0000132954.99147.8b PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 839VQ UT WOS:000222813400016 PM 15249835 ER PT J AU Rollwagen, FM Davis, TA Li, YY Pacheco, ND Zhu, XL AF Rollwagen, FM Davis, TA Li, YY Pacheco, ND Zhu, XL TI Orally administered IL-6 induces elevated intestinal GM-CSF gene expression and splenic CFU-GM SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE GM-CSF; hematopoiesis; IL-6; oral administration ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; HEMATOPOIESIS; MURINE; MICE; ALLEVIATION; INTERFERON; CYTOKINES AB Orally administered interleukin (IL)-6 has been shown to be of benefit in eliminating Campylobacter infection and in preventing sepsis following hemorrhage. In related experiments, it was seen that proliferating cells were found in the spleens of untreated mice eiven IL-6 by oral gavage. Injection of the DNA label, BrdU, showed that significant proliferation began at 4 It and peaked at 24 h in the splenic red pulp of animals given oral IL-6. Mice given saline showed no increase in splenic BrdU uptake. Histological analysis suggested a hematopoietic lineage for these cells. Clonogenic assays performed on spleen cells taken from mice given oral IL-6 revealed that increased granulocyte-macrophage colony, forming units (GM-CFU) were present at 24 h post-IL-6 administration. No increase in GM colonies occurred in mice fed IL-3. granulocvte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF. RT-PCR analysis of intestinal mRNA from treated mice revealed that GM-CSF mRNA was elevated at 4 h after oral IL-6 administration, but not in mice fed other cytokines. It is suggested that oral administration of IL-6 induces both proliferation and a brief elevation of GM-CFU in the hematopoietic spleens of mice. This increase appears to be the result of increased GM-CSF mRNA production in the intestines of mice fed IL-6. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Immunol Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Resusitat Med Program, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rollwagen, FM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4-5 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.03.019 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 846XX UT WOS:000223353900003 PM 15271376 ER PT J AU Parlette, EC Kroeger, N Ross, EV AF Parlette, EC Kroeger, N Ross, EV TI Nd : YAG laser treatment of recalcitrant folliculitis decalvans SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERIFOLLICULITIS-CAPITIS-ABSCEDENS; DISSECTING CELLULITIS; ET-SUFFODIENS; THERAPY; SCALP; ZINC AB BACKGROUND. The scarring follicular disorders pose challenging therapeutic dilemmas. OBJECTIVE. Hair removal lasers have recently been shown to be efficacious in the management of these disorders. METHODS. We present a young, Fitzpatrick skin type VI African-American patient with recalcitrant folliculitis decalvans, whom we treated with the neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. RESULTS. A remission of folliculitis decalvans was successfully achieved using the Nd:YAG for laser depilation. CONCLUSION. Based on the optical properties of light in skin, the Nd:YAG laser is the best for laser depilation in dark individuals. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Parlette, EC (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM ECParlette@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1152 EP 1154 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30344.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 840PH UT WOS:000222870900015 PM 15274709 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Pancrazio, JJ AF Lin, BC Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Pancrazio, JJ TI Assessment of differentially expressed genes induced by JP-8 jet fuel exposure in the rat central nervous system SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 23 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200024 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Wu, C Li, Q Wu, F Wu, JH Guo, FZ AF Li, ZY Wu, C Li, Q Wu, F Wu, JH Guo, FZ TI Phase space analysis on thermo-acoustic heat engine system SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE thermo-acoustic heat engine; phase space; maximum Lyapunov exponents ID TIME-SERIES AB The phase space method is used in studying a thermo-acoustic heat engine in this paper. The maximum Lyapunov exponent is used to quantify the phase space that is reconstructed from the pressure signal of the thermo-acoustic heat engine. For quantifying the system change, the maximum Lyapunov exponents of the reconstructed pressure phase space trails are calculated. The plot of the maximum Lyapunov exponents versus time is attained. Good agreement between the plot and the evolving process of the real physical phenomenum indicates that the maximum Lyapunov exponents can reflect the state changes of the thermoacoustic heat engine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing 10010, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wu@usna.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 45 IS 13-14 BP 2197 EP 2205 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2003.11.012 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 823DT UT WOS:000221590600017 ER PT J AU Phongikaroon, S Judd, KP Smith, GB Handler, RA AF Phongikaroon, S Judd, KP Smith, GB Handler, RA TI The thermal structure of a wind-driven Reynolds ridge SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; TEMPERATURE-FIELD; FREE-SURFACE; OCEAN; FILM; FLOW; TRANSITION; MONOLAYER; LAYER; SPEED AB In this study, we investigate the nature of a Reynolds ridge formed by wind shear. We have simultaneously imaged the water surface, with a deposit of a monolayer of the surfactant, oleyl alcohol, subject to different wind shears, by using a high-resolution infrared (IR) detector and a high-speed (HS) digital camera. The results reveal that the regions around the wind-driven Reynolds ridge, which have subtle manifestations in visual imagery, possess surprisingly complex hydrodynamical and thermal structures when observed in the infrared. The IR measurements reveal a warm, clean region upstream of the ridge, which is composed of the so called fishscale structures observed in earlier investigations. The region downstream of the ridge is composed of colder fluid which forms two counter-rotating cells. A region of intermediate temperature, which we call the mixing (wake) region, forms immediately downstream of the ridge near the channel centerline. By measuring the velocity of the advected fishscales, we have determined a surface drift speed of about 2% of the wind speed. The spanwise length-scale of the structures has also been used to estimate the wind shear. In addition, a comparison of IR and visual imagery shows that the thermal field is a very sensitive indicator of the exact position of the ridge itself. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phongikaroon, S (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM supathorn@nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD AUG PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s00348-004-0794-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 842OV UT WOS:000223014600001 ER PT J AU Johnson, PJ Harach, DJ AF Johnson, PJ Harach, DJ TI Quantitative multi-component analysis of copper cyanide strike solutions using partial least squares analysis of Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectra SO HYDROMETALLURGY LA English DT Article DE copper cyanide complexes; infrared spectroscopy; partial least squares ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Spectra of copper cyanide solutions, similar to those of copper strike-plating baths, have been investigated with Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy using a Horizontal Attenuated Total Reflectance (HATR) accessory in order to determine the chemical composition of the solutions. Three components, total copper, total cyanide, and carbonate, have been examined at concentration ranges of 0.1-0.3 M for total copper, 0.3-1.0 M for total cyanide, and 0.0-0.9 M for carbonate. Partial least squares analysis of the spectra yields correlation coefficients of greater than 0.999 for all species. This research shows that FTIR spectroscopy can provide rapid, accurate quantitative analysis of copper cyanide solutions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, NAVAIR Depot N Isl, Mat Engn Lab, San Diego, CA 92135 USA. RP Johnson, PJ (reprint author), USN, NAVAIR Depot N Isl, Mat Engn Lab, San Diego, CA 92135 USA. EM paul.j.johnson@navy.mil NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-386X J9 HYDROMETALLURGY JI Hydrometallurgy PD AUG PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.01.006 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 835DR UT WOS:000222461000007 ER PT J AU Chatzigeorgiadis, F Jenn, DC AF Chatzigeorgiadis, F Jenn, DC TI A MATLAB physical-optics RCS prediction code SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE radar cross section; radar scattering; physical optics; complex objects AB POFACETS is an implementation of the Physical Optics approximation for predicting the radar cross section (RCS) of complex objects [1]. It utilizes the scientific computational features of MATLAB and its graphical-user-interface (GUI) functions to provide an error-free encoding of input parameters and efficient calculation of RCS. POFACETS,provides a convenient tool for a "first cut" at the RCS of complex shapes by representing its constituent parts by triangular facets. The software calculates the monostatic or bistatic RCS of the object for the parameters specified by the user, and displays plots for the model's geometry and its RCS. The latest version (POFACETS 3.0) features new options and tools for complex target design, and provides new computational capabilities, including the approximate effects of the ground, the exploitation of symmetry planes in targets, and the effects of materials and coatings [2]. The software is ideal for use by students on projects and for instruction. It has been used in the past by students in the Naval Postgraduate School's Aeronautical Engineering Department and Total Ship Systems Engineering Program to compute the RCS of their platform entries for student design competitions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chatzigeorgiadis, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jenn@nps.edu NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 868FV UT WOS:000224900400017 ER PT J AU Osiander, R Firebaugh, SL Champion, JL Farrar, D Darrin, MAG AF Osiander, R Firebaugh, SL Champion, JL Farrar, D Darrin, MAG TI Microelectromechanical devices for satellite thermal control SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE emittance change; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); nanosatellites; thermal control AB Future space missions will include constellations of spacecraft, including nano- and picosatellites, where adaptive thermal control systems will be needed that fit the constraints of space applications with limited power and mass budgets. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) solution has been developed that will vary the emissivity on the surface of the small satellite radiator. The system is based on louver thermal controllers, where panels are mechanically positioned to modulate the effective radiator surface area. This system consists of MEMS arrays of gold-coated sliding shutters, fabricated with the Sandia ultraplanar, multilevel MEMS technology fabrication process, which utilizes multilayer polycrystalline silicon surface micromachining. The shutters can be operated independently to allow digital control of the effective emissivity. This first demonstrator technology is limited in the possible emittance range to a 40% change. Early prototypes of MEMS louvers that open away from the structure have shown the capability of a much wider dynamic range. The first generation of this,active thermal management system will be demonstrated on NASA's New Millennium Program ST-5 spacecraft. With the opportunity to validate the MEMS thermal control technology in space on ST-5, lightweight, low-power, MEMS radiators offer a possibility for flexible thermal control on future nanosatellites. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM robert.osiander@jhuapl.edu; fire-baug@usna.edu; john.champion@jhuapl.edu; dawnielle.farrar@jhuapl.edu; ann.darrin@jhuapl.edu RI Darrin, Margaret/H-4305-2011; Osiander, Robert/J-5781-2015 OI Osiander, Robert/0000-0001-9672-5513 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X EI 1558-1748 J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2004.830297 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 838PI UT WOS:000222724900018 ER PT J AU Krener, AJ Kang, W Chang, DE AF Krener, AJ Kang, W Chang, DE TI Control bifurcations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE control bifurcation; fold control bifurcation; Hopf control bifurcation; normal form; transcritical control bifurcation ID LOCAL FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; NONLINEAR CONTROL-SYSTEMS; STATE-FEEDBACK; DISCRETE-TIME; NORMAL-FORM; LINEARIZATION AB A parametrized nonlinear differential equation can have multiple equilibria as the parameter is varied. A local bifurcation of a parametrized differential equation occurs at an equilibrium where there is a change in the topological character of the nearby solution curves. This typically happens because some eigenvalues of the parametrized linear approximating differential equation cross the imaginary axis and there is a change in stability of the equilibrium. The topological nature of the solutions is unchanged by smooth changes of state coordinates so these may be used to bring the differential equation into Poincare normal form. From this normal form, the type of the bifurcation can be determined. For differential equations depending on a single parameter, the typical ways that the system can bifurcate are fully understood, e.g., the fold (or saddle node), the transcritical and the Hopf bifurcation. A nonlinear control system has multiple equilibria typically parametrized by the set value of the control. A control bifurcation of a nonlinear system typically occurs when its linear approximation loses stabilizability. The ways in which this can happen are understood through the appropriate normal forms. We present the quadratic and cubic normal forms of a scalar input nonlinear control system around an equilibrium point. These are the normal forms under quadratic and cubic change of state coordinates and invertible state feedback. The system need not be linearly controllable. We study some important control bifurcations, the analogues of the classical fold, transcritical and Hopf bifurcations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Krener, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajkrener@ucdavis.edu RI Chang, Dong Eui/A-9941-2017 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1231 EP 1246 DI 10.1109/TAC.2004.832199 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 846EM UT WOS:000223298100001 ER PT J AU Ross, IM Fahroo, F AF Ross, IM Fahroo, F TI Pseudospectral methods for optimal motion planning of differentially flat systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE differential flatness; optimal control theory; pseudospectral methods ID TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS AB This note presents some preliminary results on combining two new ideas from nonlinear control theory and dynamic optimization. We show that the computational framework facilitated by pseudospectral methods applies quite naturally and easily to Fliess' implicit state variable representation of dynamical systems. The optimal motion planning problem for differentially flat systems is equivalent to a classic Bolza problem of the calculus of variations. In this note, we exploit the notion that derivatives of flat outputs given in terms of Lagrange polynomials at Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto points can be quickly computed using pseudospectral differentiation matrices. Additionally, the Legendre pseudospectral method approximates integrals by Gauss-type quadrature rules: The application of this method to the two-dimensional crane model reveals how differential flatness may be readily exploited. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astron Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astron Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM im-ross@nps.edu; ffahroo@nps.edu NR 19 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1410 EP 1413 DI 10.1109/TAC.2004.832972 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 846EM UT WOS:000223298100023 ER PT J AU Morse, MS Berg, JS TenWolde, RL AF Morse, MS Berg, JS TenWolde, RL TI Diffuse electrical injury: A study of 89 subjects reporting long-term symptomatology that is remote to the theoretical current pathway SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE diffuse electrical injury; disproportionate electrical injury; electrical injury; electric shock; low-voltage electrical injury ID NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS; NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE; MECHANISMS; WEB; KINETICS; TRAUMA AB Historically, tissue damage from electrical contact was thought to arise from resistive heating of tissues along the current pathway. The modern view has accepted that tissue damage can result from cellular rupture (electroporation) induced by the presence of an electric field. There remain electrical injuries that defy explanation by either theory. In rare electrical contacts, diffuse symptomatology arises that is neither proportionate to the electrical contact nor does it occur along the theoretical linear pathway of the current from entry point to exit point. Disproportionate, remote electrical injury is most notable when the contact voltage is low (120 and 240 V). Symptoms occur, absent diagnostic evidence, that defy explanation as organic injury. A Web-based interactive survey was used to locate and query individuals suffering from rarely occurring responses to electrical contact. The results of the study suggest that there is a common symptomatology that is neither linked to voltage nor loss of consciousness at the time of contact. C1 Univ San Diego, Dept Elect Engn, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Morse, MS (reprint author), Univ San Diego, Dept Elect Engn, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM mmorse@sandiego.edu; DrBerg@consultingpsychiatrist.com; Rachel.TenWolde@unisys.com NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1449 EP 1459 DI 10.1109/TMBE.2004.827343 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 838QI UT WOS:000222727600019 PM 15311832 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Burkholder, RJ AF Smith, JR Burkholder, RJ TI Channeling phenomenon in electromagnetic forward scattering at low grazing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces; physical optics (PO); sea surface electromagnetic scattering ID OCEAN SURFACE AB Channeling phenomenon is a type of forward scattering and multipath that occasionally occurs when a well-formed sea wave briefly reflects or focuses the out-of-plane energy toward the receiver, yielding a higher than expected, broadband power gain. A series of X-band, forward-scattering measurements in a large wave tank observed multiple channeling events at low grazing angles. The wave tank simulated a one-dimensional, 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. During the measurements, channeling events were observed under crosswind wave conditions when a properly constructed wave trough, coinciding with the radar's line of sight, channeled or focused the out-of-plane, forward-scattered energy toward the receiver. Presented is a summary of the channeling events observed and a physical model of the channeling phenomenon based on experimental observations and numerical simulations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM smithjr@nswccd.navy.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1731 EP 1738 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.831694 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 846DW UT WOS:000223296300014 ER PT J AU Firebaugh, SL Charles, HK Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Wilderson, SF AF Firebaugh, SL Charles, HK Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Wilderson, SF TI Optical deflection measurement for characterization of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE measurement; microactuators; microelectromechanical devices; microsensors; nondestructive testing; optical fiber measurement applications ID RF-MEMS; PULL-IN; CANTILEVERS; SWITCHES; BEAM AB Nonintrusive measurement of small out-of-plane motions of microscale structures is critical to the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This paper presents a low-cost deflection measurement system for MEMS structures based on a fiber optic displacement sensor. The system is demonstrated in the characterization of a microwave switch. The deflection system had a demonstrated sensitivity of 290 +/- 32 muV/nm over a deflection range of 100 mum. The calibration and linearity of the system are described, and the static and dynamic performance is compared to more elaborate systems. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Firebaugh, SL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM firebaug@usna.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1051 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.831504 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 840EK UT WOS:000222839700023 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Margolina, TM AF Chu, PC Ivanov, LM Margolina, TM TI Rotation method for reconstructing process and field from imperfect data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE reconstruction; imperfect data; linear/nonlinear models ID FLOW AB Reconstruction of processes and fields from noisy data is to solve a set of linear algebraic equations. Three factors affect the accuracy of reconstruction: (a) a large condition number of the coefficient matrix, (b) high noise-to-signal ratio in the source term, and (c) no a priori knowledge of noise statistics. To improve reconstruction accuracy, the set of linear algebraic equations is transformed into a new set with minimum condition number and noise-to-signal ratio using the rotation matrix. The procedure does not require any knowledge of low-order statistics of noises. Several examples including highly distorted Lorenz attractor illustrate the benefit of using this procedure. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Marine Hydrophys, Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 8 BP 2991 EP 2997 DI 10.1142/S0218127404010941 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 863ZW UT WOS:000224603300030 ER PT J AU Saito, M Traves, WN AF Saito, M Traves, WN TI Finite generation of rings of differential operators of semigroup algebras SO JOURNAL OF ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE toric variety; semigroup ring; finite generation; ring of differential operators ID TORIC VARIETIES AB We prove that the ring of differential operators of any semigroup algebra is finitely generated. In contrast, we also show that the graded ring of the order filtration on the ring of differential operators of a semigroup algebra is finitely generated if and only if the semigroup is scored. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Dept Math, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Traves, WN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM saito@math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp; traves@usna.edu RI Saito, Mutsumi/A-6177-2012 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-8693 J9 J ALGEBRA JI J. Algebra PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 278 IS 1 BP 76 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jalgebra.2004.01.009 PG 28 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 834HM UT WOS:000222402200004 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, JM TI Interpretation of isolated positive skin test results for mesquite tree pollen SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CALIFORNIA; ALLERGY C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 114 IS 2 BP 452 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.05.011 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 847OU UT WOS:000223405600039 PM 15341027 ER PT J AU Sando, GM Zhong, Q Owrutsky, JC AF Sando, GM Zhong, Q Owrutsky, JC TI Vibrational and rotational dynamics of cyanoferrates in solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFAST INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLVED IR SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER RATES; PUMP-PROBE EXPERIMENTS; ENERGY RELAXATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; POPULATION RELAXATION; AZIDE ION; CHEMICAL SUBSTITUTION; DIELECTRIC FRICTION AB Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy has been used to measure vibrational energy relaxation (VER) and reorientation (T-r) times for the high frequency vibrational bands of potassium ferrocyanide and ferricyanide (CN stretches), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, CN, and NO stretches) in water and several other solvents. Relatively short VER times (4-43 ps) are determined for the hexacyano species and for the NO band of SNP, but the CN band of SNP relaxes much more slowly (55-365 ps). The solvent dependence of the VER times is similar for all the solutes and resembles what has been previously observed for triatomic molecular ions [Li , J. Chem. Phys. 98, 5499 (1993)]. Anisotropy decay times are also measured from the polarization dependence of the transient absorptions. The T-r times determined for SNP are different for the different vibrational bands; for the nondegenerate NO mode of nitroprusside (SNP) they are much longer (>15 ps), correlate with solvent viscosity, and are attributed to overall molecular rotation. The short T-r (<10 ps) times for the CN band in SNP and for the hexacyanoferrates are due to dipole orientational relaxation in which the transition moment rapidly redistributes among the degenerate modes. There is no evidence of intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) to other high frequency modes. VER times measured for hexacarbonyls and SNP in methanol are similar, which suggests that the generally faster VER for the latter is in part because they are soluble in more strongly interacting polar solvents. The results are compared to those for small ions and metal carbonyls and are discussed in terms of the importance of solute charge and symmetry on VER. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jeff.owrutsky@nrl.navy.mil RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 74 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2158 EP 2168 DI 10.1063/1.1767072 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 837ZT UT WOS:000222680900018 PM 15260770 ER PT J AU Godkar, PB Gordon, RK Ravindran, A Doctor, BP AF Godkar, PB Gordon, RK Ravindran, A Doctor, BP TI Celastrus paniculatus seed water soluble extracts protect against glutamate toxicity in neuronal cultures from rat forebrain SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Celastrus paniculatus; neuroprotection; glutamate; NMDA; patch-clamp; neurodegenerative diseases; neurotoxicity; primary neuronal cells ID HUPERZINE-A; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MECHANISM; DODECYLGLYCEROL; PERFORMANCE; CHANNEL; INJURY; CELLS AB Aqueous extracts of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seed have been reported to improve learning and memory in rats. In addition, these extracts were shown to have antioxidant properties, augmented endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and decreased lipid peroxidation in rat brain. However, water soluble extracts of CP seed (CP-WSE) have not been evaluated for their neuroprotective effects. In the study reported here, we used enriched forebrain primary neuronal cell (FBNC) cultures to study the neuroprotective effects of three CP-WSE extracts (a room temperature, WF; a hot water, HF; and an acid, AF) on glutamate-induced toxicity. FBNC were pre-treated with the CP-WSE and then with glutamate to evaluate the protection afforded against excitatory amino acid-induced toxicity. The criteria for neuroprotection were based on the effects of CP-WSE on a mitochondrial function test following glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment of neuronal cells with CP-WSE significantly attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal death. To understand the molecular mechanism of action of CP-WSE, we conducted electrophysiological studies using patch-clamp techniques on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated whole-cell currents in FBNC. WSE significantly and reversibly inhibited whole-cell currents activated by NMDA. The results suggest that CP-WSE protected neuronal cells against glutamate-induced toxicity by modulating glutamate receptor function. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem Pharmacol, Div Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Richard.Gordon@na.amedd.army.mil NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.051 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 839MQ UT WOS:000222789600009 PM 15234755 ER PT J AU Buccolo, LS AF Buccolo, LS TI Severe rash after dermatitis SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ECZEMA HERPETICUM; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; MANAGEMENT; INFECTIONS C1 USN Hosp, Family Practice Clin, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Buccolo, LS (reprint author), USN Hosp, Family Practice Clin, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL USA. EM L_S_Buccolo@sarmed.navy.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 8 BP 613 EP 615 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 846UH UT WOS:000223341700007 PM 15298830 ER PT J AU Zoccola, PJ AF Zoccola, PJ TI Effect of opening obstructions on the flow-excited response of a Helmholtz resonator SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE cavity resonance; sheartone; vortex convection; flow excitation ID CAVITY; OSCILLATIONS; EDGE AB Flow over cavity-backed openings often results in high-amplitude pressure fluctuations inside the cavity. This phenomenon is known to be caused by periodic vortex shedding from the upstream edge of the opening becoming coupled to a resonance frequency of the cavity. These fluctuations are frequently suppressed in practice by installing a grid in the opening. Analysis of results from large-scale model tests has revealed that even with a grid present, under some circumstances these fluctuations continue to occur, at amplitudes and frequencies similar to those that would be observed for an unobstructed opening. This study is an experimental effort to understand why and under what circumstances this flow-excited resonance continues to occur despite the presence of a grid. Measurements of cavity pressure due to flow over a cavity with obstructions or grids of varying dimensions in the opening were made. Measurements were also made of the flow field in the cavity opening for selected configurations. It was seen that the frequency of the excitation and the amplitude of the response at the large length scale are altered in various ways, depending on the configuration of the grid. Of particular interest is the distinct difference between the results obtained with coarse and fine grids. Flow field results show the effects that a grid has on the flow, including effects on the vortex convection velocity and the energy production distribution. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zoccola, PJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 725,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM zoecolapj@nswccd.navy.mil NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1005 EP 1025 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.04.013 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 856VE UT WOS:000224072500009 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Gorschboth, MF Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, JR AF Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Gorschboth, MF Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, JR TI A procedure for the estimation of intrabeam hazard distances and optical density requirements under the ANSI Z136.1-2000 standard SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; laser hazard evaluation; nominal ocular hazard distance; optical density; visual interference ID ULTRASHORT LASER-PULSES; PRIMATE EYE; EXPOSURE; LESIONS; LIMITS AB Over the past few years, a comprehensive rewrite of the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1) has been conducted [American National Standards Institute, Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (American National Standards Institute, New York, 2000)]. Important parts of many laser safety evaluations are the determination of the maximum distance at which the laser presents a hazard and the computation of optical density requirements for eye protection. In the ANSI Z136.1-2000 Standard, two approaches for the computation of hazard distance are presented. We specifically address the derivation of these two methodologies including the effects of atmospheric attenuation and optically aided viewing. In addition, these methodologies may be applied to the computation of visual interference distance as described in the ANSI Z136.6-2000 Standard [American National Standards Institute, Z136.6-2000 American National Standard for Use of Lasers Outdoors (American National Standards Institute, New York, 2000)]. This publication represents the third in a series of tutorial articles designed to clarify laser hazard analysis procedures under these ANSI Standards (C) 2004 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USACHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.2351/1.1771301 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 848OB UT WOS:000223475900007 ER PT J AU Chavez, RB AF Chavez, RB TI The evolution of judicial autonomy in Argentina: Establishing the rule of law in an ultrapresidential system SO JOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID GOVERNMENT AB This article uses a diachronic study of Argentina to explain how the nascent democracies of Latin America build the rule of law. The changing relationship between Argentina's executive and judicial branches demonstrates that the construction of the rule of law is not a linear process. There have been periods of regression away from, as well as progress towards, the rule of law. This article uses party competition to explain Argentina's varying levels of judicial independence. The rule of law results from a balance of power between at least two political parties, neither of which has monolithic control, meaning that no highly disciplined party sustains control of both the executive and legislative branches. Competitive politics creates a climate in which an autonomous judiciary can emerge. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chavez, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 83 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-216X J9 J LAT AM STUD JI J. Lat. Am. Stud. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 BP 451 EP 478 DI 10.1017/S0022216X04007758 PN 3 PG 28 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 861DL UT WOS:000224396200002 ER PT J AU Martins, C Cavaco, B Tonon, G Kaye, FJ Soares, J Fonseca, I AF Martins, C Cavaco, B Tonon, G Kaye, FJ Soares, J Fonseca, I TI A study of MECT1-MAML2 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and Warthin's tumor of salivary glands SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PAROTID-GLAND; CHROMOSOME-ABNORMALITIES; REARRANGEMENTS; TRANSLOCATION; NEOPLASMS; T(11-19)(Q21-P13.1); ABERRATIONS; FUSION; CHILD AB The t(11;19)(q21;p13) chromosomal translocation has been described in two distinct types of salivary gland neoplasms: mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and Warthin's tumor (WT). Since this translocation. has been recently shown to generate a MECT1-MAML2 fusion gene, we evaluated 10 primary MEC and seven primary WT to further define the molecular association of these two entities using cytogenetic, as well as in situ hybridization (ISH) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses directed against the fusion gene. A karyotype was established in all neoplasms except for two MEC cases. Of the eight karyotyped MECs, five showed the t(11; 19)(q21;p13), two had a normal karyotype, and one case presented a -Y and +X. Three of the WT revealed a normal karyotype and four had several abnormalities which did not involve chromosomes 11 and 19. ISH analysis performed in cytogenetic suspension and/or in tumor paraffin sections demonstrated MAML2 rearrangement in 7 of 10 cases of MEC: all five cases with t(11;19), one case with normal karyotype, and one unkaryotyped case. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of the MECT1-MAML2 gene in all MEC cases that were positive by ISH analysis. Neither the t(11;19) nor MECTI-MAML2 was detected in any case of WT, nor in control samples from polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, or normal parotid gland tissue. We have demonstrated that ISH and RT-PCR are sensitive methods for detecting MECT1-MAML2 in MEC. In contrast, we did not detect the t(11;19) nor MECT1-MAML2 expression in seven cases of WT. C1 Inst Portugues Oncol Francis Gentil, Dept Patol Morfol, P-1099023 Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Portugues Oncol Francis Gentil, CIPM, P-1099023 Lisbon, Portugal. NCI, Bethesda, MD USA. USN Hosp, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Fonseca, I (reprint author), Inst Portugues Oncol Francis Gentil, Dept Patol Morfol, Rua Prof Lima Basto, P-1099023 Lisbon, Portugal. EM ifonseca@ipolisboa.min-saude.pt RI kaye, frederic/E-2437-2011; Soares, Jorge/C-7429-2015; Fonseca, Isabel/A-7396-2008; OI Soares, Jorge/0000-0002-1359-6494; Fonseca, Isabel/0000-0002-1359-6494; Martins, Carmo/0000-0002-7901-7600; Cavaco, Branca/0000-0001-8946-8635 NR 36 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60511-9 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 840SV UT WOS:000222880800006 PM 15269296 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Riddle, JR Ryan, MAK AF Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Riddle, JR Ryan, MAK CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Self-reported mental health among US military personnel prior and subsequent to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; VALIDITY; STRESS; SEVERITY; UTILITY; SYMPTOMS; PHQ-9 AB There is much concern over the potential for short- and long-term adverse mental health effects caused by the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. This analysis used data from the Millennium Cohort Study to identify subgroups of US military members who enrolled in the cohort and reported their mental health status before the traumatic events of September 11 and soon after September 11. While adjusting for confounding, multivariable logistic regression, analysis of variance, and multivariate ordinal, or polychotomous logistic regression were used to compare 18 self-reported mental health measures in US military members who enrolled in the cohort before September 11, 2001 with those military personnel who enrolled after September 11, 2001. In contrast to studies of other populations, military respondents reported fewer mental health problems in the months immediately after September 11, 2001. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Smith@nhrc.navy.mil NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 8 BP 775 EP 782 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000135545.51183.ad PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 845WU UT WOS:000223276800005 PM 15300128 ER PT J AU Lukish, JR Powell, DM AF Lukish, JR Powell, DM TI Laparoscopic ligation of the median sacral artery before resection of a sacrococcygeal teratoma SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE sacrococcygeal teratoma; laparoscopy; minimally invasive surgery AB To minimize the risk of exsanguinating hemorrhage, the authors describe a technique of laparoscopic ligation of the median sacral artery before posterior sagittal resection of type I sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT). Two female infants with antenatally diagnosed SCT underwent postnatal evaluation and preoperative imaging and were taken to the operating room. In both patients, pneumoperitoneum was established via an epigastic 5-mm trocar. Two additional trocars were inserted in the right and left lower quadrants. The peritoneal reflection was opened to the right of the sigmoid colon, and the presacral space was explored. A large median sacral artery was identified easily, isolated, and divided. The children then were placed in a prone position, and the tumors underwent en bloc resection via a Chevron incision with minimal blood loss. The laparoscopic portion of the procedure was performed in an average of 15 minutes. This is the first report of laparoscopic ligation of the median sacral artery before posterior resection of a sacrococcygeal tumor in an infant. This technique can be performed easily with minimal morbidity. Division of this artery is a logical preventative measure and may reduce the risk of hemorrhage during operative resection. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Powell, DM (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Surg, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1288 EP 1290 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.04.042 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 852PH UT WOS:000223768400031 PM 15300550 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB Stanton, TK AF Reeder, DB Stanton, TK TI Acoustic scattering by axisymmetric finite-length bodies: An extension of a two-dimensional conformal mapping method SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-SCATTERING; PROLATE SPHEROIDS; MATRIX APPROACH; CYLINDERS; FORMULATION; RADIATION; LIQUIDS; WAVES AB A general scattering formulation is presented for predicting the far-field scattered pressure from irregular, axisymmetric, finite-length bodies for three boundary conditions-soft, rigid, and fluid. The formulation is an extension of a two-dimensional conformal mapping approach [D. T. DiPerna and T. K. Stanton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 3064-3079 (1994)] to scattering by finite-length bodies. This extended formulation, which is inherently numerically efficient, involves conformally mapping the surface of an irregular, finite-length body to a new, orthogonal coordinate system in which the separation of variables method may be used to solve the Helmholtz equation and satisfy the boundary conditions. Extensive comparisons with previously published results using other formulations are presented. This formulation is shown to be accurate in the prediction of scattering from smooth, symmetric bodies for a wide range of frequencies (Rayleigh through geometric scattering region), scattering angles (monostatic and bistatic), aspect ratios, and for each of the three boundary conditions listed above. Reasonable agreement has also been demonstrated for irregular, realistic shapes with soft boundary conditions. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 729 EP 746 DI 10.1121/1.1648681 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 845YQ UT WOS:000223281800010 ER PT J AU Reeder, DB Jech, JM Stanton, TK AF Reeder, DB Jech, JM Stanton, TK TI Broadband acoustic backscatter and high-resolution morphology of fish: Measurement and modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on Acoustics in Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP ICES, Inst Rech Dev, IFREMER, Acoust Soc Amer, UK Inst Acoust, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Soc Francaise Acoust ID SOUND-SCATTERING; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; ZOOPLANKTON GROUPS; FILLED CYLINDERS AB Broadband acoustic backscattering measurements, advanced high-resolution imaging of fish morphology using CT scans and phase-contrast x rays (in addition to traditional x rays), and associated scattering modeling using the images have been conducted involving alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), a swimbladder-bearing fish. A greater-than-octave bandwidth (40-95 kHz) signal was used to insonify live, individual, adult alewife that were tethered while being rotated in 1-deg increments over all angles in two planes of rotation (lateral and dorsal/ventral). These data, in addition to providing the orientation dependence of the scattering over a continuous band of frequencies, were also used (after pulse. compression) to identify dominant scattering features of the fish (including the skull and swimbladder). The x-ray and CT scan images of the swimbladder were digitized and incorporated into two scattering models: (1) Kirchhoff-ray mode (KRM) model [Clay and Home, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 1661-1668 (1994)] and (2) conformal-mapping-based Fourier matching method (FMM), which has recently been extended to finite-length bodies [Reeder and Stanton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116. 729-746 (2004)]. Comparisons between the scattering predictions and data demonstrate the utility of the CT scan imagery for use in scattering models, as it provided a means for rapidly and noninvasively measuring the fish morphology in three dimensions and at high resolution. In addition to further validation of the KRM model, the potential of the new FMM formulation was demonstrated, which is a versatile approach, valid over a wide range of shapes, all frequencies and all angles of orientation. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Reeder, DB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 747 EP 761 DI 10.1121/1.1648318 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 845YQ UT WOS:000223281800011 PM 15376641 ER PT J AU Feuillade, C Chu, D Clay, CS AF Feuillade, C Chu, D Clay, CS TI Space-time variations of the acoustic field scattered from a penetrable isovelocity wedge SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DENSITY CONTRAST WEDGE; IMPULSE-RESPONSE; DIFFRACTION AB The formalism of D. Chu [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 1883-1896 (1989)] is used to detail the spatial and time domain, variations of the scattered field of a penetrable isovelocity wedge. The direct, reflected, and diffracted field components, and their relationships, are investigated. Since diffractions often dominate rough surface scattering, these waves are carefully studied, with particular emphasis on the wave phenomena and transition behavior around the forward scattering shadow boundary, where the causal relationship between the direct and diffracted fields is specifically examined. The wave processes here, and above and below the geometrical shadow zone, lead to complicated temporal and azimuthal variations of the field. The phenomenon of diffractions associated with specular reflections of the source in the wedge faces is also studied., Among the conclusions reached are (i) direct/reflected impulses arrive first, followed by and separated from their associated diffractions; (ii) the direct/reflected impulse is a delta function, with arrival predicted by the source-receiver raypath travel time, and amplitude determined by spherical spreading and reflection/transmission coefficients at the wedge faces; and (iii) diffractions are causally associated with direct/reflected impulses interacting with the wedge apex, and their amplitude depends on the degree of acoustic shadowing at the apex. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Ocean Phys& Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Geophys & Polar Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Feuillade, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM cf@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 777 EP 789 DI 10.1121/1.1772394 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 845YQ UT WOS:000223281800014 ER PT J AU Hassan, SE Stepanishen, PR AF Hassan, SE Stepanishen, PR TI Response of force excited elastic solids with internal fluid loading SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT RADIATION; CYLINDRICAL-SHELL; VIBRATION AB A general approach to solving for the velocity response and associated pressure field of elastic solids loaded internally by a fluid is formulated. An in vacuo eigenvector expansion is used to describe the time dependent velocity field of the fluid loaded solid resulting from an arbitrary force excitation. The pressure field in the fluid is expressed using a Green's function and fluid loading on the structure is included via the use of the impulse responses of the modal acoustic radiation impedances. The time dependent modal velocity responses are obtained from the solution to a set of coupled convolution integral equations. A Fourier transform approach is used to develop the associated equations of motion for the harmonic response. The special case of a fluid filled axisymmetric elastic cylindrical shell with a base plate is considered. Transient and harmonic velocity and pressure responses due to a bandlimited axisymmetric point force excitation applied to the base plate are discussed and compared with experimental measurements. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Cr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Hassan, SE (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Cr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM hassanse@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 891 EP 899 DI 10.1121/1.1766052 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 845YQ UT WOS:000223281800024 ER PT J AU Summers, JE Torres, RR Shimizu, Y AF Summers, JE Torres, RR Shimizu, Y TI Statistical-acoustics models of energy decay in systems of coupled rooms and their relation to geometrical acoustics SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 143rd Annual Meeting of the Acoustical-Society-of-America CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Acoust Soc Amer ID RAY-TRACING TECHNIQUE; REVERBERATION TIME; ERGODIC AUDITORIUMS; SOUND FIELDS; ABSORPTION; DIFFUSE; POWER; DEPENDENCE; REFLECTION; ENCLOSURE AB An improved statistical-acoustics model of high-frequency sound fields in coupled rooms is developed by incorporating into prior models geometrical-acoustics corrections for both energy decay within subrooms and energy transfer between subrooms. The conditions under which statistical-acoustics models of coupled rooms are valid approximations to geometrical acoustics are examined by comparison of computational geometrical-acoustics predictions of decay curves in two- and three-room systems with those of both improved and prior statistical-acoustics models. The accuracy of the decay model used within subrooms is found to have a primary influence on the accuracy of predictions in coupled systems. Likewise, nondiffuse transfer of energy is shown to significantly affect decay of energy in systems of coupled rooms. The decrease in energy density of the reverberant field with distance from the source, which is predicted by geometrical acoustics, is found to result in spatial dependence of decay-curve shape for certain coupling geometries. Geometrical effects are shown to contribute to the failure of statistical-acoustics models in the case of strong coupling between subrooms; thus, previously proposed statistical-acoustics criteria cannot predict the point at which the models break down with consistent accuracy. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Program Architectural Acoust, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Summers, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM summers@abyss.nrl.navy.mil RI Summers, Jason/K-3142-2012 OI Summers, Jason/0000-0002-9247-7900 NR 47 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 2 BP 958 EP 969 DI 10.1121/1.1763974 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 845YQ UT WOS:000223281800032 PM 15376662 ER PT J AU Monzon, C Loschialpo, P Smith, D AF Monzon, C Loschialpo, P Smith, D TI Two theorems on electromagnetic bistatic scattering SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID BODIES; LAYER AB For an axially incident plane wave, two theorems are stated in which sufficient conditions are imposed on the constitutive parameters epsilon and mu of a three-dimensional scatterer to ensure the identity of scattering patterns in orthogonal planes, both near and far zone, such as E and H planes. The theorems represent an extension of existing scattering theorems that apply to bodies of revolution. The theorems are proven analytically, and the results are validated through detailed finite-difference-time-domain and method-of-moments computer simulations on a few noncanonical complex shapes characterized by quite general causal permittivity epsilon and permeability mu functions. The selected materials have Lorentzian functional forms and encompass ordinary materials as well as left-handed materials as special cases. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 NRI, SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Monzon, C (reprint author), NRI, SFA, Largo, MD 20774 USA. EM cjmonzon@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1438 EP 1444 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.001438 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 841KI UT WOS:000222928300009 PM 15330471 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Terris, MK Presti, JC Amling, CL Kane, CJ Trock, B Aronson, WJ AF Freedland, SJ Terris, MK Presti, JC Amling, CL Kane, CJ Trock, B Aronson, WJ CA Search Database Study Grp TI Obesity and biochemical outcome following radical prostatectomy for organ confined disease with negative surgical margins SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; obesity; African Americans ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PATHOLOGICAL VARIABLES; SERUM TESTOSTERONE; US ADULTS; CANCER; MEN; FINASTERIDE; RACE; MORTALITY; DATABASE AB Purpose: We have previously shown that men with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m(2) had higher rates of positive surgical margins and significantly higher biochemical recurrence rates following radical prostatectomy (RP). To determine whether the higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence rates were due solely to the higher positive margin rate, we examined whether obesity was an independent predictor of biochemical failure among men with negative surgical margins. Materials and Methods: We examined data from 1,250 men treated with RP between 1988 and 2003 at 5 equal access medical centers, of whom 731 had pathologically organ confined disease and negative surgical margins. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine if BMI was a significant independent predictor of biochemical recurrence. Results: Mean BMI significantly increased over time (p = 0.010). Black men were significantly more likely to be obese than white or nonwhite-nonblack men. After controlling for all preoperative characteristics, body mass index was a significant predictor of biochemical failure with moderately and severely obese men (BMI 35 kg/m(2) or greater) having greater than a 4-fold increased risk of PSA failure (p = 0.035). After controlling for the higher pathological Gleason grades among obese men, body mass index remained a significant predictor of biochemical failure with moderately and severely obese men (BMI 35 kg/m(2) or greater) having nearly a 4-fold increased risk for PSA failure (p = 0.036). Conclusions: BMI 35 kg/m(2) or greater was associated with higher grade tumors and worse outcome following RP in a cohort of men with favorable pathological findings. Thus, surgical technique (margin status) cannot fully explain the worse outcomes among obese men, suggesting that obesity may be associated with a biologically more aggressive form of prostate cancer. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA92131-01A1] NR 20 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 172 IS 2 BP 520 EP 524 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000135302.58378.ae PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 837MJ UT WOS:000222639300026 PM 15247719 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Hoppe, P AF Stroud, RM Nittler, LR Hoppe, P TI Microstructures and isotopic compositions of two SiC X grains SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Meteorit Soc ID PRESOLAR SILICON-CARBIDE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Abt Kosmochem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM stroud@nrl.navy.mil RI Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 SU S BP A101 EP A101 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 842GB UT WOS:000222990600185 ER PT J AU Holmes, DE Bond, DR O'Neill, RA Reimers, CE Tender, LR Lovley, DR AF Holmes, DE Bond, DR O'Neill, RA Reimers, CE Tender, LR Lovley, DR TI Microbial communities associated with electrodes harvesting electricity from a variety of aquatic sediments SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GEOBACTER-METALLIREDUCENS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; ANAEROBIC SEDIMENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; METAL REDUCTION AB The microbial communities associated with electrodes from underwater fuel cells harvesting electricity from five different aquatic sediments were investigated. Three fuel cells' were constructed with marine, salt-marsh, or freshwater sediments incubated in the laboratory. Fuel cells were also deployed in the field in salt marsh sediments in New Jersey and estuarine sediments in Oregon, USA. All of the sediments produced comparable amounts of power. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences after 37 months of incubation demonstrated that all of the energy-harvesting anodes were highly enriched in microorganisms in the delta-Proteobacteria when compared with control electrodes not connected to a cathode. Geobacteraceae accounted for the majority of delta-Proteobacterial sequences or all of the energy-harvesting anodes, except the one deployed at the Oregon estuarine site. Quantitative PCR analysis of 16S rRNA genes and culturing studies indicated that Geobacteraceae were 100-fold more abundant on the marine-deployed anodes versus controls. Sequences most similar to microorganisms in the family Desulfobulbaceae predominated on the anode deployed in the estuarine sediments, and a significant proportion of the sequences recovered from the freshwater anodes were closely related to the Fe(III)-reducing isolate, Geothrix fermentans. There was also a specific enrichment of microorganisms on energy harvesting cathodes, but the enriched populations varied with the sediment/water source. Thus, future studies designed to help optimize the harvesting of electricity from aquatic sediments or waste organic matter should focus on the electrode interactions of these microorganisms which are most competitive in colonizing anodes and cathodes. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lovley, DR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, 106N Morrill 4 N, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dlovley@microbio.umass.edu OI Bond, Daniel/0000-0001-8083-7107 NR 65 TC 258 Z9 279 U1 13 U2 95 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s00248-003-0004-4 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 867SZ UT WOS:000224863800004 PM 15546038 ER PT J AU Bohnker, BK Betts, LS Sack, DM Craft, NA AF Bohnker, BK Betts, LS Sack, DM Craft, NA TI Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program (1984-1990): Linear regression analysis for effect of asbestos exposure on pulmonary function testing SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; SHIPYARD WORKERS; SMOKING AB This study examined records from the Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program for 1984 through 1990 for Caucasian men (N = 129,598) using a population-based, cross-sectional, linear regression model. Continuous dependent variables were forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (FVC), and continuous independent variables were age, height, weight, and tobacco use. A mid-period estimate of asbestos exposure was used because those values were reported as categorical variables. With asbestos exposure, forced expiratory volume in 1 s changed - 3.2 cm(3)/year (t = - 8.6, p = 0.000), and forced vital capacity changed -5.1 cm(3)/year (t = -11.8, p = 0.00). Those with more than 5 years of asbestos exposure demonstrated impairment over those with less exposure, and those with more than 15 years of exposure demonstrated even more impairment. These findings support the association of pulmonary function impairment with asbestos exposure for workers studied during this period. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Rd,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 169 IS 8 BP 613 EP 619 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IZ UT WOS:000235830100010 PM 15379073 ER PT J AU Bohnker, BK Betts, LS Sack, DM Craft, N AF Bohnker, BK Betts, LS Sack, DM Craft, N TI Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program (1991-1999): Linear regression analysis for the effect of asbestos exposure on pulmonary function testing SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LUNG-FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SHIPYARD WORKERS AB The effect of asbestos exposure on pulmonary function was studied using data from the Navy Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program. Records were selected for Caucasian men from 1991 to 1999 (N = 89,318) and were analyzed using a crosssectional, linear regression model. Dependent variables were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), with independent continuous variables of age, height, weight, smoking, and asbestos history. Overall, the continuous variable for asbestos exposure demonstrated significant protection of + 1.1 cm(3)/year (t = 3.278, p = 0.001) for FEV1 and + 1.6 cm(3)/year (t = 4.225, p = 0.000) for FVC. There was significant interaction between asbestos exposure and smoking history (FEV1, -0.09 cm(3)/year(2), t = -6.467, p = 0.000; FVC, -0.097 cm(3)/year(2), t = -5.663, p = 0.000). This study suggests that workers within the program demonstrated minimal additional pulmonary function changes during the period, particularly if they do not smoke tobacco. The study also supports continuing smoking cessation efforts for all asbestos-exposed workers. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 169 IS 8 BP 620 EP 626 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IZ UT WOS:000235830100011 PM 15379074 ER PT J AU McGinnis, J Bohnker, B Malakooti, M Riegodedios, AJ Mann, M Sack, DM AF McGinnis, J Bohnker, B Malakooti, M Riegodedios, AJ Mann, M Sack, DM TI Navy and Marine Corps malaria surveillance from the Navy Disease Reporting System and the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database (1997-2000) SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Reported cases of malaria in the Navy and Marine Corps were reviewed from the Naval Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database (DMED). For 1997 through 2000, NDRS identified 62 cases of malaria and DMED identified 162 cases. Further analysis compared NDRS and DMED information with Composite Health Care System (CHCS) records in the Hampton Roads catchment area. The review of 46 patient records available in CHCS found that 30 patient encounters were miscoded in DMED for malaria treatment when they were actually for malaria chemoprophylaxis, 12 visits were coded for malaria treatment, and 4 visits had no apparent relationship to malaria. Ten of the 12 patients reported as treated for malaria in CHCS were also recorded in NDRS. This review suggests a need for further analysis and additional efforts to improve reporting and coding compliance to enhance medical surveillance and force health protection. C1 USN, Populat Hlth Directorate, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP McGinnis, J (reprint author), USN, Populat Hlth Directorate, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Pual Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 169 IS 8 BP 627 EP 630 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IZ UT WOS:000235830100012 PM 15379075 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DC Colestock, PL Kurennoy, SS Rees, DE Regan, AH Russell, S Schrage, DL Wood, RL Young, LM Schultheiss, T Christina, V Cole, M Rathke, J Shaw, J Eddy, C Holm, R Henry, R Yater, J AF Nguyen, DC Colestock, PL Kurennoy, SS Rees, DE Regan, AH Russell, S Schrage, DL Wood, RL Young, LM Schultheiss, T Christina, V Cole, M Rathke, J Shaw, J Eddy, C Holm, R Henry, R Yater, J TI Overview of the 100 mA average-current RF photoinjector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Free-Electron Laser Conference/10th Free-Electron Laser Users Workshop* CY 2003 CL Epochal Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JAPAN SP FEL Lab, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Kansai Res Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst HO Epochal Tsukuba DE FEL; photoinjector; high current; high brightness; cw; photocathode ID INJECTOR; DRIVEN; GUN; FEL AB High-average-power FELs require high-current, low-emittance and low-energy-spread electron beams. These qualities have been achieved with RF photoinjectors operating at low-duty factors. To date, a high-average-current RF photoinjector operating continuously at 100% duty factor is yet to be demonstrated. The principal challenges of a high-duty-factor normal-conducting RF photoinjector are related to applying a high accelerating gradient continuously, thus generating large ohmic losses in the cavity walls, cooling the injector cavity walls and the high-power RF couplers, and finding a photocathode with reasonable Q.E. that can survive the poor vacuum of the RF photoinjector. We present the preliminary design of a normal-conducting 700 MHz photoinjector with solenoid magnetic fields for emittance compensation. The photoinjector is designed to produce 2.7 MeV electron beams at 3 nC bunch charge and 35 MHz repetition rate (100 mA average current). The photoinjector consists of a 2-1/2-cell, pi-mode, RF cavity with on-axis electric coupling, and a non-resonant vacuum plenum. Heat removal in the resonant cells is achieved via dense arrays of internal cooling passages capable of handling high-velocity water flows. Megawatt RF power is coupled into the injector through two tapered ridge-loaded waveguides. PARMELA simulations show that the 2 1/2-cell injector can produce a 7 mum emittance directly. Transverse plasma oscillations necessitate additional acceleration and a second solenoid to realign the phase space envelopes of different axial slices at higher energy, resulting in a normalized rms emittance of 6.5 mum and 34 keV rms energy spread. We are developing a novel cesiated p-type GaN photocathode with 7% quantum efficiency at 350 ran and a cesium dispenser to replenish the cathode with cesium through a porous silicon carbide substrate. These performance parameters will be necessary for the design of the 100 kW FEL. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Adv Energy Syst, Medford, NY 11763 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Nguyen, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dcnguyen@lanl.gov OI Kurennoy, Sergey/0000-0003-2854-9647 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 528 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.021 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 847QJ UT WOS:000223409700017 ER PT J AU Colson, WB Blau, J Armstead, RL Crooker, PP AF Colson, WB Blau, J Armstead, RL Crooker, PP TI Single-mode simulations of a short Rayleigh length FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Free-Electron Laser Conference/10th Free-Electron Laser Users Workshop* CY 2003 CL Epochal Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JAPAN SP FEL Lab, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Kansai Res Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst HO Epochal Tsukuba DE free electron laser; short Rayleigh length AB Free electron lasers can make use of a short Rayleigh length optical mode in order to reduce the intensity on resonator mirrors. A simulation method is used that includes the dynamics of this rapidly focusing optical mode and the macroscopic and microscopic electron evolution. The amplitude and phase of the optical fields are represented by a single Gaussian mode. The simulation runs in seconds on small laptop computers and can be used for system analysis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM colson@nps.edu NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 528 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.039 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 847QJ UT WOS:000223409700036 ER PT J AU Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Cetina, C Hubler, GK Getaneh, M Tumey, SJ AF Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Cetina, C Hubler, GK Getaneh, M Tumey, SJ TI Status report of the NRL TEAMS facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN SP Japanese Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Nihon Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Tokyo Geog Soc, Daiko Fdn, Nagoya Convent & Visitors Bur, Nagoya Univ Fdn, High Voltage Engn Europe BV HO Nagoya Univ DE accelerator mass spectrometry; trace elements; methane hydrates ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETER AB Measurements of radio and stable carbon isotope ratios are now routinely performed at the Naval Research Laboratory Trace Element Accelerator Mass Spectrometer facility. The system capabilities and its application are described. In addition, an overview of system upgrades, which have improved efficiency and accuracy is presented. Studies of broad-mass-range transport using the NIST 610 glass standard reference material containing 500 ppm of 61 elements are also reported. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lincoln Univ, Dept Phys, Lincoln, PA 19352 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Knies, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6370, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM knies@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2004 VL 223 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.018 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 852JT UT WOS:000223752300016 ER PT J AU Tumey, SJ Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Mignerey, AC AF Tumey, SJ Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Mignerey, AC TI Radiocarbon data collection, filtering and analysis at the NRL TEAMS facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN SP Japanese Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Nihon Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Tokyo Geog Soc, Daiko Fdn, Nagoya Convent & Visitors Bur, Nagoya Univ Fdn, High Voltage Engn Europe BV HO Nagoya Univ DE accelerator mass spectrometry; data analysis; LabVIEW (R) ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETER; AMS-FACILITY AB This report describes a novel approach to collection and analysis of radiocarbon data due to the unique design of the Naval Research Laboratory Trace Element Accelerator Mass Spectrometry system. In this approach, targets are loaded on the cathode wheel such that samples are clustered in groups of five between standards. Each target is measured until the external error asymptotically reaches a constant value and the internal error dominates, or until a predefined time limit is reached. These measurements are repeated until the desired level of counting statistics is attained. Cycle control software saves the measured beam currents and count rate, as well as all system parameters to disc at fixed intervals throughout each measurement. Data visualization software has aided in system diagnosis by exposing relationships between the measured isotope ratios and system parameters. A filtering algorithm is employed to the data set of each target measurement in an attempt to achieve a Gaussian distribution. Final results are generated by a radiocarbon calculator that allows a user to select which target measurements to treat as samples, standards and blanks, and calculates the desired values (i.e. conventional radiocarbon age, percent modern carbon, etc.) with full error propagation. Currently, a Microsoft Access(R) relational database is being developed which will be integrated into the existing LabVIEW(R) control, filtering and calculation programs in order to streamline the process from sample submission to report generation, as well as improve quality control. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tumey, SJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM stumey@wam.umd.edu RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2004 VL 223 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1006/j.nimb.2004.041.044 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 852JT UT WOS:000223752300042 ER PT J AU Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Tumey, SJ Pohlman, JW Mitchell, CS Coffin, RB AF Grabowski, KS Knies, DL Tumey, SJ Pohlman, JW Mitchell, CS Coffin, RB TI Carbon pool analysis of methane hydrate regions in the seafloor by accelerator mass spectrometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, JAPAN SP Japanese Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol, Nihon Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Tokyo Geog Soc, Daiko Fdn, Nagoya Convent & Visitors Bur, Nagoya Univ Fdn, High Voltage Engn Europe BV HO Nagoya Univ DE AMS; methane hydrate; carbon cycle; marine sediment ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GAS HYDRATE; OXIDATION AB Accelerator mass spectrometry for C-14 was applied to the study of carbon pools associated with methane hydrate formations found in the seafloor at two continental margin sites. The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) site contains thermogenically produced methane that is ancient and thus free of C-14. The Cascadia Margin site contains biogenically produced methane, so may contain some C-14. This work reports on the C-14 content of organic matter in the sediment at the GOM site, and of the methane in hydrates from both sites. In the GOM, the surface sediments contained ancient organic matter that was from 20% to 60% of the total organic carbon content. At both sites, the collected hydrates contained essentially no C-14. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grabowski, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6371,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM grabowski@nrl.navy.mil OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2004 VL 223 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.082 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 852JT UT WOS:000223752300080 ER PT J AU Du, YZ Chang, CI Ren, H Chang, CC Jensen, JO D'Amico, FM AF Du, YZ Chang, CI Ren, H Chang, CC Jensen, JO D'Amico, FM TI New hyperspectral discrimination measure for spectral characterization SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE relative spectral discriminatory entropy (RSDE); relative spectral discriminatory power (RSDPW); relative spectral discriminatory probability (RSDPB); self-information; spectral angle mapper (SAM); spectral information divergence (SID); spectral information measure (SIM) AB The spectral angle mapper (SAM) has been widely used in multispectral and hyperspectral image analysis to measure spectral similarity between substance signatures for material identification. It has been shown that the SAM is essentially the Euclidean distance when the spectral angle is small. Most recently, a stochastic measure, called the spectral information divergence (SID), has been suggested to model the spectrum of a hyperspectral image pixel as a probability distribution, so that spectral variations among spectral bands can be captured more effectively in a stochastic manner. This paper develops a new hyperspectral spectral discrimination measure, which combines the SID and the SAM into a mixed measure. More specifically, let r and r' denote two hyperspectral image pixel vectors with their corresponding spectra specified by s and s'. Then SAM(s,s') measures the spectral angle between s and s'. Similarly, SID(s,s') measures the information divergence be, tween the probability distributions generated by s and s'. The proposed new measure, referred to as the SID-SAM mixed measure, can be implemented in two versions, given by SID(s,s') x tan(SAM(s,s')) and SID(s,s') x sin(SAM(s,s')), where tan and sin are the usual trigonometric functions. The spectral discriminability of such a mixed measure is greatly enhanced by multiplying the spectral abilities of the two measures. In order to demonstrate its utility, a comparative study is conducted among the SID-SAM mixed measure, the SID, and the SAM. Our experimental results have shown that the discriminatory ability of the (SID,SAM) mixed measure can be a significant improvement over the SID and SAM. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Lab Biometr Signal Proc, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Informat Engn, Ctr Space & Remote Sense Res, Chungli, Taiwan. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Du, YZ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Lab Biometr Signal Proc, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM ydu@usna.edu NR 7 TC 104 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1777 EP 1786 DI 10.1117/1.1766301 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 850HA UT WOS:000223600600013 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Moskowitz, IS AF Ahmed, F Moskowitz, IS TI Correlation-based watermarking method for image authentication applications SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE authentication; watermark; binary phase-only filter; correlation detector; bit-plane embedding AB We propose a correlation-based digital watermarking technique for robust image pattern authentication. We hide a phase-based signature of the image back into its Fourier magnitude spectrum in the embedding stage. The detector computes the Fourier transform of the watermarked image and extracts the embedded signature. Authentication performance is measured by a correlation test of the extracted signature and the signature computed from the watermarked image. The quality of the watermarked image is obtained from the peak signal-to-noise ratio metric. We also furnish simulation results to show the robustness of our approach to typical image processing as found in JPEG compression. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept EECS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept EECS, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1833 EP 1838 DI 10.1117/1.1763589 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 850HA UT WOS:000223600600020 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Chafin, AP AF Davis, MC Chafin, AP TI A convenient method for the preparation of 2,5-bis-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Chem & Mat Div, Michelson Lab, Air Warfare Ctr, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 USA SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 4 BP 375 EP 379 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 850RR UT WOS:000223630600011 ER PT J AU Smith, EL Wohlrab, KP Matzkin, EG Providence, BC AF Smith, EL Wohlrab, KP Matzkin, EG Providence, BC TI A comparison of distal canal restrictors in primary cemented femoral hip arthroplasty SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID FOLLOW-UP; INTRAMEDULLARY PLUG; REPLACEMENT; PRESSURIZATION; COMPONENT; REPRODUCIBILITY; OCCLUSION; VOIDS AB A retrospective study evaluated 75 total hip arthroplasties performed over a 4-year period using 4 different cement restrictors. A harvested bone restrictor, polyethylene restrictor (Smith & Nephew, Richards Inc, Memphis, Tenn), Biostop G (Depuy Orthopaedics, Warsaw, Ind), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (Wright Medical Technology, Arlington, Tex) were compared for the percentage of failures, the average length of the cement mantle, and the width of the femoral canal compared to the cement grade. Patient age, sex, and cement type were also evaluated for their influence on cement grade. The PMMA restrictor and bone performed better than the Richards plug and Biostop G restrictor. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Smith, EL (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Orthoped, 100 Brewster Blvd, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 8 BP 847 EP 851 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 847XA UT WOS:000223430100014 PM 15369006 ER PT J AU Mahapatra, RN Varma, SK Lei, C Agarwala, VV AF Mahapatra, RN Varma, SK Lei, C Agarwala, VV TI Oxidation behavior of Rh-30Ni-18Nb refractory superalloy SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE oxidation behavior; refractory alloys; weight-gain method; EDS analysis; TEM; SEM; optical microscopy ID ALLOYS AB The isothermal-oxidation behavior of Rh - 30Ni - 18Nb in at% refractory alloy was investigated up to a period of 312 hr in air from 1000 to 1350degreesC. A comparison of the oxidation behavior of this alloy with a conventional Ni-base superalloy (Inconel 713C) shows an order-of-magnitude higher oxidation resistance. This experimental alloy oxidizes by forming alternate layers of Nb2O5 and RhO while NiO is on the surface in contact with air. Optical and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure and morphology for the characterization of the oxides. Thermal stability of the alloy for extended periods of exposure to air at 1400degreesC was studied using transmission-electron microscopy (TEM). C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Varma, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM skvarma@utep.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1023/B:OXID.0000038787.71255.77 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 848RX UT WOS:000223485900006 ER PT J AU Cholewiak, RW Brill, JC Schwab, A AF Cholewiak, RW Brill, JC Schwab, A TI Vibrotactile localization on the abdomen: Effects of place and space SO PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic-Society CY NOV, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Psychon Soc ID TACTILE SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; ORIENTATION; THRESHOLD; BODY; DISCRIMINATION; INFORMATION; DISPLAYS; NEGLECT; HUMANS; ACUITY AB In this study, we explore the conditions for accurate localization of vibrotactile stimuli presented to the abdomen. Tactile orientation systems intended to provide mobility information for people who are blind depend on accurate identification of location of stimuli on the skin, as do systems designed to indicate target positions in space or the status of remotely operated devices to pilots or engineers. The spatial acuity of the skin has been examined for simple touch, but not for the types of vibrating signals used in such devices. The ability to localize vibratory stimuli was examined at sites around the abdomen and found to be a function of separation among loci and, most significantly, of place on the trunk. Neither the structures underlying the skin nor the types of tactor tested appeared to affect localization. Evidence was found for anatomically defined anchor points that provide localization referents that enhance performance even with wide target spacing. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Tactile Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Cholewiak, RW (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Tactile Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM rcholewi@princeton.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 00076] NR 55 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0031-5117 J9 PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS JI Percept. Psychophys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 66 IS 6 BP 970 EP 987 DI 10.3758/BF03194989 PG 18 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 881MJ UT WOS:000225871300007 PM 15675645 ER PT J AU Gulian, AM Wood, KS AF Gulian, AM Wood, KS TI Ruthenates: simple superconducting qubits SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductive and High Temperature Superconductors CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE ruthenates; qubits; triplet superconductors ID STATES AB We propose triplet superconductors, such as ruthenates, as a prospective material for qubit construction. The vectorial nature of the order parameter in triplet superconductors makes it conceptually very easy to imagine the performance of the qubits. The Cooper condensate of pairs in triplet superconductors has all the attributes of the Bose-Einstein condensates and should facilitate long decoherence times of these qubits versus other "vectorial" schemes for qubits, such as small ferromagnets. There are other benefits, which the Superconducting state provides for a requirement like entanglement between qubits via the proximity effect. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Phys Art Frontiers, Ashton, MD 20861 USA. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM armen.gulian@nrl.navy.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG PY 2004 VL 408 BP 923 EP 925 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.03.165 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 856NK UT WOS:000224051700388 ER PT J AU Wood, KS Horwitz, JS Wu, HD Bounnak, SS Yaguchi, H Maeno, Y Gulian, AM AF Wood, KS Horwitz, JS Wu, HD Bounnak, SS Yaguchi, H Maeno, Y Gulian, AM TI Toward nano-fabrication of superconducting ruthenate qubits SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductive and High Temperature Superconductors CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE superconducting ruthenate films; qubits; fabrication technique ID EPITAXIAL SR2RUO4 FILMS; GROWTH AB The lack of thin films is one of the major obstacles in exploring the intriguing quantum properties specific to triplet superconductors. To have a single-domain chiral structure the sample should be made out of thin film, but crystalline imperfections until now have not allowed anybody to succeed in deposition of superconducting thin films of ruthenates. This stops not only general progress in investigating their properties, but in particular forbids practical realization of triplet superconductor qubits. Using the material properties of ruthenates, we have elaborated a method to overcome this problem. This report contains experimental aspects of our recent progress towards triplet superconductor qubits. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NRL, SFA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. PAF, Ashton, MD 20861 USA. RP Wood, KS (reprint author), NRL, SFA, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil; armen.gulian@nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG PY 2004 VL 408 BP 928 EP 929 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.03.167 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 856NK UT WOS:000224051700390 ER PT J AU Bandhu, RS Zhang, X Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K AF Bandhu, RS Zhang, X Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K TI Acoustic vibrations in free-standing double layer membranes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-ATOM SCATTERING; NANOMECHANICAL RESONATORS; QUANTUM; MODES AB We report on a Brillouin light scattering study of acoustic excitations in free-standing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/Si3N4 double layer membranes. For vanishing-wave vector transfer along the membrane, the observed excitations are a series of longitudinal standing wave harmonics whose frequencies depend on PMMA and Si3N4 layer thickness. The associated displacement profiles below 30 GHz are largely confined to the softer PMMA layer with mode amplitudes significantly higher at the PMMA surface than at the free surface of the high elastic modulus Si3N4 layer. At higher frequencies, in the vicinity and beyond the resonance associated with the Si3N4 layer, the mode amplitudes become comparable at both free surfaces. Excitations with transverse polarization as well as waves whose amplitudes within the Si3N4 are consistent with flexural and dilatational modes for a single layer are also observed. For certain ranges of wave vector the latter interact and hybridize with the harmonics arising from the PMMA layer. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bandhu, RS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 AR 075409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.075409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WG UT WOS:000223716600079 ER PT J AU Broido, DA Reinecke, TL AF Broido, DA Reinecke, TL TI Lattice thermal conductivity of superlattice structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FILM THERMOELECTRIC DEVICES; PHONON-SCATTERING; DIAMOND STRUCTURE; CRYSTALS; TRANSPORT; SI AB We give a quantitative inelastic phonon Boltzmann equation theory of thermal transport in quantum well superlattices due to anharmonic three phonon processes. The thermal conductivity is calculated as a function of the mass ratio of the constituent atoms and of the superlattice period. We show that there is a competition between the flattening of dispersions that inhibits heat flow and reduced umklapp scattering that enhances it. Both effects must be included consistently for a quantitative treatment. We apply this theory to realistic models of Si/Ge based structures. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Broido, DA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 8 AR 081310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.081310 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WH UT WOS:000223716700014 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Pickett, WE AF Johannes, MD Pickett, WE TI Electronic structure of ZnCNi3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MGCNI3; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB According to a recent report by Park , ZnCNi3 is isostructural and isovalent to the superconducting (T(c)similar to8 K) antiperovskite, MgCNi3, but shows no indication of a superconducting transition down to 2 K. A comparison of calculated electronic structures shows that the main features of MgCNi3, particularly the van Hove singularity near the Fermi energy (E-F), are preserved in ZnCNi3. Thus, the reported lack of superconductivity in ZnCNi3 is not explainable in terms of T-c being driven to a very low value by a small Fermi level density of states. We propose that the lack of superconductivity, the small value of the linear specific heat coefficient gamma and the discrepancy between theoretical and experimental lattice constants can all be explained if the material is assumed to be a C-deficient alpha-ZrCNi3 similar to the analogous nonsuperconducting phase of MgCNi3. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 060507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.060507 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WE UT WOS:000223716300017 ER PT J AU Park, K Pederson, MR AF Park, K Pederson, MR TI Effect of extra electrons on the exchange and magnetic anisotropy in the anionic single-molecule magnet Mn-12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; JAHN-TELLER ISOMERISM; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RELAXATION; APPROXIMATION; ORIGIN AB To understand the effect of molecular environment on the electronic and magnetic properties of the single-molecule magnet Mn-12, we explore two possible means for adding extra electrons to molecule. We explore both substitution of Mn ions by Fe ions and the inclusion of neighboring electronic donors. For both possibilities we calculate, within density-functional theory, the electronic structure, the total ground-state spin and ordering, the magnetic anisotropy barrier, the transverse magnetic anisotropy parameter E which is responsible for some measured tunneling, and the tilting angle of the easy axis from the z axis. Our calculations show that the total spin increases with increasing number of extra electrons except for the case of Mn8Fe4 where the resulting ground state has a low spin. The calculated energy gaps between the unoccupied and the occupied orbitals exhibit no clear trend as a function of number of extra electrons. The calculated magnetic anisotropy barrier decreases with an increasing number of extra electrons and can be directly traced to a quenching of Jahn-Teller distortions at the sites where the additional electrons are localized. The values of E and the easy-axis tilting angles for the geometries with one- and two-extra electrons are significantly larger than those induced by solvent disorder. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@dave.nrl.navy.mil; pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 AR 054414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.054414 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WD UT WOS:000223716100061 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Mazin, II AF Singh, DJ Mazin, II TI Electronic structure and electron-phonon coupling in the 18 K superconductor Y2C3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM SESQUICARBIDE SYSTEM; LANTHANUM SESQUICARBIDE AB The electronic structure and electron-phonon coupling in Y2C3 is investigated using density functional calculations. We find that the Fermi level falls in a manifold of mixed character derived from Y d states and antibonding states associated with the C dimers in the structure. Calculations of the electron-phonon coupling for Y and C modes show that the former provide most of the coupling. Modes associated with C-C bond stretching have large matrix elements, but make small contributions to the coupling because of their high phonon frequencies. Substantial electron doping of the C-C antibonding states would yield a large increase in the coupling and critical temperature, perhaps to values comparable to MgB2. However, it seems unlikely that a modification of Y2C3 with much higher filling of the C-C antibonding states can be stabilized. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 AR 052504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.052504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WD UT WOS:000223716100018 ER PT J AU Woods, GT Soulen, RJ Mazin, I Nadgorny, B Osofsky, MS Sanders, J Srikanth, H Egelhoff, WF Datla, R AF Woods, GT Soulen, RJ Mazin, I Nadgorny, B Osofsky, MS Sanders, J Srikanth, H Egelhoff, WF Datla, R TI Analysis of point-contact Andreev reflection spectra in spin polarization measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; FERROMAGNETS; TRANSPORT; CRO2 AB We present a systematic analysis of point-contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) spectra for ferromagnetic materials, using both modeling and experimental data. We emphasize the importance of consistent data analysis to avoid possible misinterpretation of the data. We consider the relationship between ballistic and diffusive transport, the effect of different transport regimes on spin polarization measurements, and the importance of unambiguous identification of the type of transport regime. We find that in a realistic parameter range, the analysis of PCAR spectra of purely diffusive character by a ballistic model yield approximately the same (within similar to3%) values of the spin polarization and the barrier strength Z larger by similar to0.5-0.6. We also consider the dependence of polarization values on Z, and have shown by simple modeling that letting the superconducting gap vary as an adjustable parameter can result in a spurious dependence of the spin-polarization P-c on Z. At the same time we analyzed the effects of finite Z on the apparent value of P-c measured by the PCAR technique, using a large number of examples from both our own measurements and from the literature. We conclude that there is a system-dependent variation in P-c (Z), presumably due to spin-flip scattering at the interface. However, the exact type of this dependence is hard to determine with any statistical certainty. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woods, GT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 26 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 AR 054416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.054416 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WD UT WOS:000223716100063 ER PT J AU Billings, L Schwartz, IB Morgan, DS Bollt, EM Meucci, R Allaria, E AF Billings, L Schwartz, IB Morgan, DS Bollt, EM Meucci, R Allaria, E TI Stochastic bifurcation in a driven laser system: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NOISE-INDUCED CHAOS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; OPTIMAL PATHS; MANIFOLDS; ORBITS; ESCAPE; POINT AB We analyze the effects of stochastic perturbations in a physical example occurring as a higher-dimensional dynamical system. The physical model is that of a class-B laser, which is perturbed stochastically with finite noise. The effect of the noise perturbations on the dynamics is shown to change the qualitative nature of the dynamics experimentally from a stochastic periodic attractor to one of chaoslike behavior, or noise-induced chaos. To analyze the qualitative change, we apply the technique of the stochastic Frobenius-Perron operator [L. Billings , Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 234101 (2002)] to a model of the experimental system. Our main result is the identification of a global mechanism to induce chaoslike behavior by adding stochastic perturbations in a realistic model system of an optics experiment. In quantifying the stochastic bifurcation, we have computed a transition matrix describing the probability of transport from one region of phase space to another, which approximates the stochastic Frobenius-Perron operator. This mechanism depends on both the standard deviation of the noise and the global topology of the system. Our result pinpoints regions of stochastic transport whereby topological deterministic dynamics subjected to sufficient noise results in noise-induced chaos in both theory and experiment. C1 Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Ist Nazl Ott Applicata, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, Dept Phys, Florence, Italy. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009; Allaria, Enrico/H-1811-2012; Meucci, @/Q-9545-2016 OI Allaria, Enrico/0000-0001-9570-6361; NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2 AR 026220 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.026220 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 852VJ UT WOS:000223784600049 PM 15447578 ER PT J AU Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Davis, J Deeney, C Coverdale, CA AF Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Davis, J Deeney, C Coverdale, CA TI Enhanced energy coupling and x-ray emission in Z-pinch plasma implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID WIRE-ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; RADIATIVE COLLAPSE; MODEL; INSTABILITY; DEPOSITION; GENERATORS; DYNAMICS; STATE AB Recent experiments conducted on the Saturn pulsed-power generator at Sandia National Laboratories [R. B. Spielman , in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Dense Z Pinches, Laguna Beach, CA, 1989, edited by N. R. Pereira, J. Davis, and N. Rostoker (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1989), p. 3] have produced large amounts of x-ray output, which cannot be accounted for in conventional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations. In these experiments, the Saturn current had a rise time of similar to180 ns in contrast to a rise time of similar to60 ns in Saturn's earlier mode of operation. In both aluminum and tungsten wire-array Z-pinch implosions, 2-4 times more x-ray output was generated than could be supplied according to one-dimensional (1D) magnetohydrodynamic calculations by the combined action of the jxB acceleration forces and ohmic heating (as described by a classical Braginskii resistivity). In this paper, we reexamine the problem of coupling transmission line circuits to plasma fluid equations and derive expressions for the Z-pinch load circuit resistance and inductance that relate these quantities in a 1D analysis to the surface resistivity of the fluid, and to the magnetic field energy that is stored in the vacuum diode, respectively. Enhanced energy coupling in this analysis, therefore, comes from enhancements to the surface resistivity, and we show that plasma resistivities approximately three orders of magnitude larger than classical are needed in order to achieve energy inputs that are comparable to the Saturn experiment x-ray outputs. Large enhancements of the plasma resistivity increase the rate of magnetic field and current diffusion, significantly modify the qualitative features of the MHD, and raise important questions as to how the plasma fluid dynamics converts enhanced energy inputs into enhanced x-ray outputs. One-dimensional MHD calculations in which resistivity values are adjusted phenomenologically are used to illustrate how various dynamical assumptions influence the way enhanced energy inputs are channeled by the fluid dynamics. Variations in the parameters of the phenomenological model are made in order to determine how sensitively they influence the dynamics and the degree to which the calculated x-ray outputs can be made to replicate the kinds of large variations in the experimental x-ray power data that were observed in three nominally identical aluminum wire shots on Saturn. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Whitney, KG (reprint author), Berkeley Scholars, POB 852, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. EM whitney@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2004 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3700 EP 3714 DI 10.1063/1.1760093 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 840CQ UT WOS:000222835000003 ER PT J AU Oliver, BV Ottinger, PF Genoni, TC Schumer, JW Strasburg, S Swanekamp, SB Cooperstein, G AF Oliver, BV Ottinger, PF Genoni, TC Schumer, JW Strasburg, S Swanekamp, SB Cooperstein, G TI Magnetically insulated electron flow with ions with application to the rod-pinch diode SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-OPENING SWITCH; RADIOGRAPHY SOURCE; BEAM DIODES; IMPEDANCE; MV AB A one-dimensional, steady-state, relativistic electron-flow model is developed that describes magnetically insulated electron flow in the presence of ions produced by space-charge-limited emission from the anode. The model is applied to the rod-pinch diode which is a cylindrical pinched-beam diode consisting of a small radius anode rod extending through the hole of an annular cathode. The diode is designed to run at critical current so that electrons emitted from the cathode are magnetically insulated and flow axially along the anode rod until they pinch radially onto the rod tip. Ions are emitted along the length of rod and flow radially outward. Without these ions, magnetically insulated electron flow cannot be established and electrons cannot propagate to the rod tip. Both fluid and Vlasov treatments of the electrons are considered. An analytic expression for the critical current is derived and is compared with the critical current determined from experimental data and particle-in-cell simulations. Reasonable agreement is obtained when the electron flow is nonlaminar, suggesting that a significant radial electron pressure is required to correctly describe the flow. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oliver, BV (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM boliver@mrcabq.com RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2004 VL 11 IS 8 BP 3976 EP 3991 DI 10.1063/1.1771659 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 840CQ UT WOS:000222835000039 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Campbell, CD AF Johnson, WB Campbell, CD TI Character and fitness requirements for professional psychologists: Training directors' perspectives SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Psychology-Postdoctoral-and-Internship-Centers CY 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Assoc Psychol Postdoctoral Internship Ctr ID IMPAIRED PSYCHOLOGIST; ISSUES; RECOMMENDATION; COMPETENCE; FUTURE AB Do directors of psychology training programs consider whether program applicants and students possess essential moral character and psychological fitness characteristics? A survey revealed that directors of clinical training (DCTs) in clinical and counseling psychology training programs are very concerned about both character and fitness. DCTs reported that evidence accrued during interviews and from undergraduate references is most salient preadmission and that behavior in the program and in clinical situations is most meaningful postadmission. The authors highlight the practices and perspectives of DCTs when it comes to evaluating character and fitness and conclude with several recommendations for training programs, licensing boards, and psychology training organizations. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Grad Sch Business & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. George Fox Univ, Newberg, OR 97132 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Family Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM johnsonb@usna.edu NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.35.4.405 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 841AH UT WOS:000222901200011 ER PT J AU Yates, J Florens, L Washburn, M Raine, D Sinden, R Anthony, R Haynes, D Moch, K Sacci, JB Carucci, DA AF Yates, J Florens, L Washburn, M Raine, D Sinden, R Anthony, R Haynes, D Moch, K Sacci, JB Carucci, DA TI A proteomic view of the malaria parasite life cycle SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Symposium of the Protein-Society CY AUG 14-18, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Protein Soc, Abbott Lab Fund, Amer Peptide Soc, Amgen, Biogen Idec, DARPA, Eli Lilly & Co, Eli Lilly Res Labs, Biotechnol Discovery Res, Genencor Int, Genentech Inc, Merck Res Labs, Natl Sci Fdn, NIH, New England BioLabs, Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Pfizer Inc, Protein Soc Educ Comm, Protein Soc Young Protein Sci Comm, Roche Pharmaceut, Sunesis Pharmaceut Inc C1 Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. Stowers Med Res Inst, Kansas City, KS USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol Sci, Infect & Immun Sect, London, England. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 SU 1 MA 34 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 866TL UT WOS:000224796100035 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Werby, MF AF Jordan, PM Werby, MF TI Comments on the article "Applications of directional wavefield decomposition, phase space, and path integral methods to seismic wave propagation and inversion" [Pure Appl. Geophys. 159 (2002) 1637-1679] SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID QUADRATIC PROFILE; HELMHOLTZ; EQUATION C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 161 IS 8 BP 1807 EP 1813 DI 10.1007/s00024-004-2528-2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827VH UT WOS:000221931000009 ER PT J AU Shepard, MR Temirov, JP Matveev, OI Chigarev, NV Smith, BW Winefordner, JD AF Shepard, MR Temirov, JP Matveev, OI Chigarev, NV Smith, BW Winefordner, JD TI Time-resolved measurements with a mercury resonance ionization imaging detector SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CELL AB The recently developed mercury resonance ionization imaging detector (RIID) has many potential applications in the field of imaging science. We have demonstrated that useful information can be obtained from the time-resolved ionization signal detected along with the image of the object. Clearly distinguishable time-resolved signals from resonance ionization of mercury atoms and photoelectrons created within the channels of a microchannel plate by a UV signal transition of Hg at 253.7 nm were observed. Also, a new source of noise has been identified as low-mass ion desorption by 253.7 nm radiation from the inner parts of the Hg RIID. The time-resolved signal detection allowed temporal correction for the additional noises caused by nonresonant ionization processes inside the RIID, such as photoelectric effect and low-mass ion desorption. The temporal resolution of the RIID could be used for frequency shifted radiation detection and imaging. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Shepard, MR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM jdwin@chem.ufl.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2517 EP 2523 DI 10.1063/1.1771485 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 849QQ UT WOS:000223555300003 ER PT J AU Gold, SH Fliflet, AW Lewis, D Bruce, RW Zharova, NA Semenov, VE AF Gold, SH Fliflet, AW Lewis, D Bruce, RW Zharova, NA Semenov, VE TI Method of determining the wall conductivity of a multimode microwave applicator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We present results for the estimation of the effective surface conductivity of the walls of a multimode microwave cavity applicator, based on measurements of reflected power from the cavity. During microwave thermal processing, this conductivity is a critical issue because the walls of the microwave applicator can become contaminated with evaporated material or process by-products, resulting in significantly reduced surface reflectivity from that of the bare metal. Thus, the cavity walls may absorb an increased amount of microwave energy, compared to that expected based on reflectivity data for clean metallic walls. A method based on the expansion of the total microwave fields in eigenmodes of a cylindrical waveguide is used to find the power reflection coefficient from an overmoded cylindrical applicator cavity as a function of the wall conductivity. The results of this analysis are compared with power reflection measurements from an experimental multimode applicator cavity, in order to determine a realistic value for the cavity wall loss. Because of the sensitivity of the calculated reflection spectrum to small changes in cavity geometry, a detailed comparison of the calculated reflectivity with that measured is not practical. It is found instead that a comparison of the average reflectivity over a broad frequency interval containing many cavity resonances, combined with a calculation of microwave reflectivity as a function of surface reflectivity, is the best means of determining the effective conductivity (effective surface reflectivity) of the walls of a multimode cavity applicator. The realistic surface conductivities and cavity wall loss determined by this means can be used for modeling and optimization of microwave material processing. A comparison is also shown of the calculated contours of microwave power density in the cavity with experimental measurements using thermal paper, showing reasonable agreement. This is done for various transverse and circumferential sections in the cavity and demonstrates the potential and limitations of this technique for characterizing power distributions in microwave systems. The nonlinear response of the thermal paper complicates interpretation, but image analysis techniques could extract substantial amounts of more detailed information from the thermal paper results with suitable calibration techniques. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gold@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2678 EP 2685 DI 10.1063/1.1775315 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 849QQ UT WOS:000223555300030 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Bingert, JF Colligan, KJ AF Fonda, RW Bingert, JF Colligan, KJ TI Development of grain structure during friction stir welding SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE microstructure; texture; friction stir welding; alumium ID TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MATERIAL FLOW; TORSION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A stop-action friction stir weld has been prepared in Al-Li 2195 to "freeze in" the dynamic deformation field surrounding the FSW tool. Analysis of a plan-view section of this weld reveals important new details of the grain structure evolution and texture development occurring around the FSW tool. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6324,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fonda@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 177 Z9 187 U1 10 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.04.017 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 826SD UT WOS:000221848000010 ER PT J AU Agrawal, BN Chen, HJ AF Agrawal, BN Chen, HJ TI Algorithms for active vibration isolation on spacecraft using a Stewart platform SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID DISTURBANCE REJECTION; IDENTIFICATION AB This paper presents the recent development in algorithms for active vibration isolation on spacecraft using a Stewart platform. The multiple error least mean square (LMS) algorithm and the clear box algorithm have been implemented on these platforms and several enhancements have been made to the clear box algorithm. Based on experimental results, it is concluded that the multiple error LMS algorithm is preferred for vibration isolation when a disturbance correlated signal is available. In the absence of such a signal, the clear box algorithm is the method of choice. Among the implementations of the clear box algorithm, the sine/cosine method is preferred for handling time-invariant disturbance frequencies, the adaptive method for rapidly varying disturbance frequencies, and the frequency-domain method for a large number of time invariant disturbance frequencies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, SRDC, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Agrawal, BN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, SRDC, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM agrawal@nps.edu; hchen@nps.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 873 EP 880 AR PII S0964-1726(04)79024-2 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/13/4/025 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 848EV UT WOS:000223451200025 ER PT J AU Lallas, CD Delvecchio, FC Evans, BR Silverstein, AD Preminger, GM Auge, BK AF Lallas, CD Delvecchio, FC Evans, BR Silverstein, AD Preminger, GM Auge, BK TI Management of nephropleural fistula after supracostal percutaneous nephrolithotomy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNUSUAL COMPLICATION; INTERCOSTAL APPROACH; KIDNEY-STONES; STAGHORN; CALCULI; LITHOTRIPSY; NEPHROSTOMY AB Objectives. Access to complex urinary tract pathology may require supracostal access placing patients at risk for intrathoracic complications. Our objective was to retrospectively review our experience with percutaneous renal surgery with a particular emphasis on identifying the incidence of nephropleural fistula and management of this unusual complication. Methods. The records of 375 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous renal surgery between 1993 and 2001 were reviewed. Supracostal access was placed to address the intrarenal pathologic findings most directly in 120 (26.0%) of the 462 tracts, with 87 (18.8%) above the 12th rib, 32 (6.9%) above the 11th rib, and 1 (0.20/c) above the 10th rib. Results. Of 375 patients, 4 (1%) developed a nephropleural fistula. Of the 87 with supracostal-12th rib access, 2 (2.3%) developed a nephropleural fistula, and 2 (6.3%) of the 32 with supracostal-11th rib access developed the same complication. The overall incidence of nephropleural fistulas in our patient population per access tract placed was 0.87% (4 of 462 percutaneous tracts), which increased to 3.3% (4 of 120) when considering only supracostal access. All patients were treated conservatively, although 1 patient required thoracoscopy with decortication for persistent pleural effusion. No further sequelae developed in any of the other 3 patients, and all fistulas had resolved at 3 months of follow-up. Conclusions. As aggressive percutaneous renal surgery with supracostal access to the collecting system becomes more common, the incidence of intrathoracic complications, including nephropleural fistula, may increase. Early recognition and management of a pleural injury is critical to avoid life-threatening situations. Low-morbidity measures are typically successful; however, more aggressive treatment may be required on occasion. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Surg, Div Urol,Comprehens Kidney Stone Ctr, Durham, NC USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Preminger, GM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Div Urol Surg, White Zone,Duke S,Room 157D,DUMC 3167, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RI Preminger, Glenn/B-3990-2011 OI Preminger, Glenn/0000-0003-4287-602X NR 24 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 2 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2004.03.031 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 848UH UT WOS:000223492800012 PM 15302470 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Negative-refractive bicrystal with broken symmetry produces asymmetric electromagnetic fields in guided-wave heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; DEVICES AB Heterostructure arrangements of uniaxial bicrystals have been discovered to produce electromagnetic fields with asymmetric distributions in guide wave structures. The property behind this remarkable phenomenon is the broken crystalline symmetry which allows the new physics to be seen in unsymmetric distributions. Here the theory behind this phenomenon is presented, numerical calculations are performed using an ab initio anisotropic Green's function approach, and the results provided at 10 GHz for a realistic crystal system with nominal permittivity of 5. Asymmetric distributions seen here are one facet of the broken symmetry property which generates negative refraction for impinging waves on a bicrystal. C1 USN, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@webbsight.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 5 AR 053902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.053902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 842IJ UT WOS:000222996800021 PM 15323696 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S AF Ngai, KL Capaccioli, S TI Changes of the primary and secondary relaxation of sorbitol in mixtures with glycerol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND; COUPLING MODEL; GLASS-FORMERS; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; COMPONENT DYNAMICS; BETA-RELAXATION; WATER MIXTURES; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION AB The dielectric relaxation experimental data on the alpha- and Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation dynamics of sorbitol in the neat state and in mixtures with glycerol published by Duvvuri and Richert (J. Phys. Chem. B, published online Apr 23, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp031366b) is challenging to explain. Not only does one need a theory or model that can address both the alpha- and Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation dynamics in a neat glassformer, but one also a theory or model that can address them in a mixture. The coupling model fulfills these requirements. Naturally, we employ the coupling model to interpret the experimental data. Fair agreements are found between the predictions of the model and data of neat sorbitol and mixtures of sorbitol with glycerol. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM, UdR Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 29 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 30 BP 11118 EP 11123 DI 10.1021/jp048885e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 840MY UT WOS:000222864200070 ER PT J AU Souret, FF Kastenmayer, JP Green, PJ AF Souret, FF Kastenmayer, JP Green, PJ TI AtXRN4 degrades mRNA in Arabidopsis and its substrates include selected miRNA targets SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID ENDONUCLEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MAMMALIAN EXOSOME; RAPID DECAY; MICRORNA; DEGRADATION; YEAST; GENES; EXORIBONUCLEASE; TURNOVER AB Messenger RNA degradation is an essential step in gene expression that can be regulated by siRNAs or miRNAs. However, most of our knowledge of in vivo eukaryotic mRNA degradation mechanisms derives from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks miRNAs and RNAi capability. Using reverse genetic and microarray analyses, we have identified multiple substrates of AtXRN4, the Arabidopsis homolog of the major yeast mRNA degrading exoribonuclease, Xrn1p. Insertional mutation of AtXRN4 leads to accumulation of the 3' end of several mRNAs, in a manner that correlates with increased stability of the 3' end, and is reversed following complementation with AtXRN4. Moreover, 3' products of miRNA-mediated cleavage of SCARECROW-LIKE transcripts and several other miRNA target transcripts are among those that accumulate in xrn4 mutants. The demonstration that an Xrn1p homolog degrades mRNA in a multicellular eukaryote and contributes to the miRNA-mediated decay pathway of selected targets has implications for XRNs in other organisms. C1 Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Natl Canc Inst, Genet Branch,Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Green, PJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. EM green@dbl.udel.edu NR 59 TC 186 Z9 200 U1 5 U2 34 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD JUL 23 PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.06.006 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 841UY UT WOS:000222958300006 PM 15260969 ER PT J AU Kastner, JH Richmond, M Grosso, N Weintraub, DA Simon, T Frank, A Hamaguchi, K Ozawa, H Henden, A AF Kastner, JH Richmond, M Grosso, N Weintraub, DA Simon, T Frank, A Hamaguchi, K Ozawa, H Henden, A TI An X-ray outburst from the rapidly accreting young star that illuminates McNeil's nebula SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STELLAR OBJECTS; ORION NEBULA; EMISSION; PROTOSTARS; DISCOVERY; ROTATION; CLUSTER; SYSTEM; SCALE; JETS AB Young, low-mass stars are luminous X-ray sources(1) whose powerful X-ray flares(2-6) may exert a profound influence over the process of planet formation(7). The origin of the X-ray emission is uncertain. Although many (or perhaps most) recently formed, low-mass stars emit X-rays as a consequence of solar-like coronal activity(1,8,9), it has also been suggested that X-ray emission may be a direct result of mass accretion onto the forming star(10-12). Here we report X-ray imaging spectroscopy observations which reveal a factor similar to50 increase in the X-ray flux from a young star that is at present undergoing a spectacular optical/infrared outburst(13) (this star illuminates McNeil's nebula(14)). The outburst seems to be due to the sudden onset of a phase of rapid accretion(13,15,16). The coincidence of a surge in X-ray brightness with the optical/infrared eruption demonstrates that strongly enhanced high-energy emission from young stars can occur as a consequence of high accretion rates. We suggest that such accretion-enhanced X-ray emission from erupting young stars may be short-lived, because intense star-disk magnetospheric interactions are quenched rapidly by the subsequent flood of new material onto the star. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Kastner, JH (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM jhk@cis.rit.edu NR 30 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 22 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 6998 BP 429 EP 431 DI 10.1038/nature02747 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 839RD UT WOS:000222801400035 PM 15269761 ER PT J AU Donta, ST Engel, CC Collins, JF Baseman, JB Dever, LL Taylor, T Boardman, KD Kazis, LE Martin, SE Horney, RA Wiseman, AL Kernodle, DS Smith, RP Baltch, AL Handanos, C Catto, B Montalvo, L Everson, M Blackburn, W Thakore, M Brown, ST Lutwick, L Norwood, D Bernstein, J Bacheller, C Ribner, B Church, LWP Wilson, KH Guduru, P Cooper, R Lentino, J Hamill, RJ Gorin, AB Gordan, V Wagner, D Robinson, C DeJace, P Greenfield, R Beck, L Bittner, M Schumacher, HR Silverblatt, F Schmitt, J Wong, E Ryan, MAK Figueroa, J Nice, C Feussner, JR AF Donta, ST Engel, CC Collins, JF Baseman, JB Dever, LL Taylor, T Boardman, KD Kazis, LE Martin, SE Horney, RA Wiseman, AL Kernodle, DS Smith, RP Baltch, AL Handanos, C Catto, B Montalvo, L Everson, M Blackburn, W Thakore, M Brown, ST Lutwick, L Norwood, D Bernstein, J Bacheller, C Ribner, B Church, LWP Wilson, KH Guduru, P Cooper, R Lentino, J Hamill, RJ Gorin, AB Gordan, V Wagner, D Robinson, C DeJace, P Greenfield, R Beck, L Bittner, M Schumacher, HR Silverblatt, F Schmitt, J Wong, E Ryan, MAK Figueroa, J Nice, C Feussner, JR CA VA Cooperative 475 Grp TI Benefits and harms of doxycycline treatment for Gulf War veterans' illnesses SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; HEALTH-STATUS; MYCOPLASMA-FERMENTANS; DESERT-STORM; DISEASE; QUESTIONNAIRE; GENITALIUM; POPULATION; EXPOSURE AB Background: It has been hypothesized that certain Mycoplasma species may cause Gulf War veterans' illnesses (GWVIs), chronic diseases characterized by pain, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms, and that affected patients may benefit from doxycycline treatment. Objective: To determine whether a 12-month course of doxycycline improves functional status in Gulf War veterans with GWVIs. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 12 months of treatment and 6 additional months of follow-up. Setting: 26 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and 2 U.S. Department of Defense medical centers. Participants: 491 deployed Gulf War veterans with GWVIs and detectable Mycoplasma DNA in the blood. Intervention: Doxycycline, 200 mg, or matching placebo daily for 12 months. Measurements: The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who improved more than 7 units on the Physical Component Summary score of the Veterans Short Form-36 General Health Survey 12 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes were measures of pain, fatigue, and cognitive function and change in positivity for Mycoplasma species at 6, 12, and 18 months after randomization. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the doxycycline and placebo groups for the primary outcome measure (43 of 238 participants [18.1%] vs. 42 of 243 participants [17.3%]; difference, 0.8 percentage point [95% CI, -6.5 to 8.0 percentage points]; P > 0.2) or for secondary outcome measures at 1 year. In addition, possible differences in outcomes at 3 and 6 months were not apparent at 9 or 18 months. Participants in the doxycycline group had a higher incidence of nausea and photosensitivity. Limitations: Adherence to treatment after 6 months was poor. Conclusion: Long-term treatment with doxycycline did not improve outcomes of GWVIs at 1 year. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Montgomery, AL USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Perry Point, MD USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, E Orange, NJ USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, White River Jct, VT USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Albuquerque, NM USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Bedford, MA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dayton, OH USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Fargo, ND USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hines, IL USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Manchester, NH USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Providence, RI USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Juan, PR USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Cent Off, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. RP Collins, JF (reprint author), Vet Affairs Maryland Healthcare Syst, Cooperat Studies Program, Coordinating Ctr 151E, POB 1010, Perry Point, MD 21902 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 20 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 2 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 839BL UT WOS:000222758200001 PM 15262663 ER PT J AU Kim, H Kushto, GP Arnold, CB Kafafi, ZH Pique, A AF Kim, H Kushto, GP Arnold, CB Kafafi, ZH Pique, A TI Laser processing of nanocrystalline TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; CONVERSION; EFFICIENCY; ELECTRODES; LIGHT AB Pulsed-laser deposition and laser direct-write have been applied to deposit dense (30 nm thick) and porous nanocrystalline TiO2 (nc-TiO2, 5-20 mum thick) layers incorporated in dye-sensitized solar cells. Laser direct-write is a laser-induced forward transfer technique that enables the fabrication of conformal structures containing metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites on rigid and flexible substrates without the use of masks or additional patterning steps. A pulsed UV laser (355 nm) was used to forward transfer a suspension of TiO2 (P25) nanopowder onto a F-doped SnO2 coated glass substrate. In this letter we demonstrate the use of laser transfer techniques to produce porous nc-TiO2 films required for dye-sensitized solar cells. The dye solar cells fabricated with the laser processed TiO2 layers on glass showed a power conversion efficiency of similar to4.3% under an illumination of 10 mW/cm(2). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hskim@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 464 EP 466 DI 10.1063/1.1772870 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 837ZO UT WOS:000222680400039 ER PT J AU Photiadis, DM Judge, JA AF Photiadis, DM Judge, JA TI Attachment losses of high Q oscillators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SILICON CANTILEVERS; PLATE; DISSIPATION AB Attachment losses can play a role in limiting the quality factors of micro/nanomechanical oscillators. The existing theoretical results in this regard are applicable to highly idealized scenarios. The theory has been extended in two important directions: the width of the cantilever is considered to be small relative to a wavelength as opposed to large, and the base is allowed to have finite thickness. These extensions result in significant, in many cases order of magnitude, changes in the estimates of attachment loss. Simple formulas for Q(-1) covering most of the parameter range are given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM douglas.photiadis@nrl.navy.mil RI Judge, John/D-1429-2015 NR 17 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 3 BP 482 EP 484 DI 10.1063/1.1773928 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 837ZO UT WOS:000222680400045 ER PT J AU Cai, DC McCarron, RM Yu, EZ Li, YY Hallenbeck, J AF Cai, DC McCarron, RM Yu, EZ Li, YY Hallenbeck, J TI Akt phosphorylation and kinase activity are down-regulated during hibernation in the 13-lined ground squirrel SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hibernation; Akt; dauer larva; Caenorhabditis elegans; tolerance; signaling ID FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PROTEIN-KINASE; CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; CELL-DEATH; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BINDING-PROTEINS; FACTOR FOXO3A; C-ELEGANS; SURVIVAL AB Hibernation in mammals is a reversible state of suspended animation associated with tolerance to an otherwise lethal reduction of core body temperature and metabolism. An integral aspect of hibernation is tolerance to a profound decrease of cerebral perfusion. Identification of regulatory mechanisms that control hibernation in ground squirrels can guide efforts to develop improved treatment for stroke and brain trauma. In this study, we show in multiple tissues that S473 phosphorylation of Akt (Protein kinase B), a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-regulated serine/threonine kinase, was significantly reduced (P<0.001) as was its kinase activity (P=0.023) in the 13-lined ground squirrel, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, during hibernation. T308 phosphorylation of Akt was relatively preserved. Brain immunohistochemical staining confirmed these results. In hibernating animals, reduction of immunoreactive phospho (S473)-Akt was noted throughout the brain. Akt is a key molecule in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signal transduction pathway, which plays a critical role in the balance between survival and apoptosis. The data presented here raise the possibility that down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation plays a regulatory role in hibernation. This would resemble dauer larva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans where Akt inhibition is associated with energy conservation, fat storage, expression of antioxidant enzymes and growth arrest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Resusciat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hallenbeck, J (reprint author), NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bldg 36-Room 4A03,36 Convent Dr,MSC 4128, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hallenbj@ninds.nih.gov NR 50 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 1014 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.braines.2004.04.008 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 838PZ UT WOS:000222726700002 PM 15212987 ER PT J AU Lin, HJ Wang, XT Shaffer, KM Sasaki, CY Ma, W AF Lin, HJ Wang, XT Shaffer, KM Sasaki, CY Ma, W TI Characterization of H2O2-induced acute apoptosis in cultured neural stem/progenitor cells SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; apoptosis; Akt; survival; neural stein cell; Erk1/2 ID PRECURSOR CELLS; STEM-CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GROWTH-FACTOR; RADICALS AB In the present study, we characterized hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell apoptosis and related cell signaling pathways in cultured embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs). Our data indicated that H2O2 induced acute cell apoptosis in NS/PC in concentration- and time-dependent manners and selectively, it transiently increased PI3K-Akt and Mek-Erk1/2 in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of PI3K-Akt with wortmannin, a PI3-K inhibitor, was found to significantly increase H2O2-induced acute apoptosis and dramatically decrease basal pGSK3beta levels. The level of pGSK3beta remained unchanged with H2O2 exposure. We conclude that the transient activation of PI3K-Akt signaling delays the H2O2-induced acute apoptosis in cultured NSIPCs in part through maintaining the basal pGSK3beta level and activating other downstream effectors. (C) 2004 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biol Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIA, Lab Cell & Mol Biol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIA, Immunol Lab, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Lin, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biol Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jlin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2004 VL 570 IS 1-3 BP 102 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.06.019 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 840UM UT WOS:000222885400020 PM 15251448 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Longo, G Ustione, A Mussi, V Generosi, R Luce, M Rinaldi, M Perfetti, P Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Thielen, P Aggarwal, ID Ivanov, B Miller, JK Haglund, R Tolk, NH Congiu-Castellano, A Rizzo, MA Piston, DW Somma, F Baldacchini, G Bonfigli, F Marolo, T Flora, F Montereali, RM Faenov, A Pikuz, T AF Cricenti, A Longo, G Ustione, A Mussi, V Generosi, R Luce, M Rinaldi, M Perfetti, P Vobornik, D Margaritondo, G Sanghera, JS Thielen, P Aggarwal, ID Ivanov, B Miller, JK Haglund, R Tolk, NH Congiu-Castellano, A Rizzo, MA Piston, DW Somma, F Baldacchini, G Bonfigli, F Marolo, T Flora, F Montereali, RM Faenov, A Pikuz, T TI Optical nanospectroscopy applications in material science SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces (ICFSI 9) CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Madrid, SPAIN DE SNOM; infrared; photocurrent ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; NEAR-FIELD OPTICS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; PLASMA SOURCE; LIF CRYSTALS; FORCE; PHOTOEMISSION; SEMICONDUCTOR; REFLECTION AB The advent of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has augmented at a microscopic level the usefulness of optical spectroscopy in the region between 300 nm and 10 mum. Two-dimensional imaging of chemical constituents makes this a very attractive and powerful new approach. In this paper we show SNOM results obtained in several geometrical configurations on boron clusters in silicon, Li clusters embedded in a LiF sample and BN growth on silicon. We also show some results on the wavelength dependence of the reflectivity (R) in the near infrared (IR) of biological cells in liquid environment with the observation of the local fluorescence. The SNOM images revealed features that were not present in the corresponding shear-force (SF) images and which were due to localized changes in the bulk properties of the sample. The size of the smallest detected features clearly demonstrated that near-field conditions were reached both in the visible and infrared region. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Stutturia Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Fac Sci Base, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Rome, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. CR Frascati, UTS Tecnol Fis Avanzate, ENEA, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. VNIIFTRI, MISDC, Moscow 141570, Russia. RP Cricenti, A (reprint author), Ist Stutturia Mat, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM antonio.cricenti@ism.cnr.it RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Longo, Giovanni/K-8923-2016; OI Longo, Giovanni/0000-0003-2434-2155; Ivanov, Borislav/0000-0003-1837-6113; Mussi, Valentina/0000-0003-1465-1739 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 234 IS 1-4 BP 374 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.05.023 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 848XG UT WOS:000223500800064 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Wang, LY Zullo, JM Shashidhar, R Lebedev, N AF Trammell, SA Wang, LY Zullo, JM Shashidhar, R Lebedev, N TI Orientated binding of photosynthetic reaction centers on gold using Ni-NTA self-assembled monolayers SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE photosynthetic reaction center; immobilization; self-assembled monolayer; photocurrent; atrazine ID REACTION-CENTER PROTEINS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; BIFUNCTIONAL REAGENTS; CHARGE SEPARATION; CYTOCHROME-C; HERBICIDES; IMMOBILIZATION AB Coupling of photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) with inorganic surfaces is attractive for the identification of the mechanisms of interprotein electron transfer (ET) and for possible applications in construction of photo- and chemosensors. Here we show that RCs from Rhodobacter sphaeroides can be immobilized on gold surfaces with the RC primary donor looking towards the substrate by using a genetically engineered poly-histidine tag (His(7)) at the C-terminal end of the M-subunit and a Ni-NTA terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM). In the presence of an electron acceptor, ubiquinone-10, illumination of this RC electrode generates a cathodic photocurrent. The action spectrum of the photocurrent coincides with the absorption spectrum of RC and the photocurrent decreases in response to the herbicide, atrazine, confirming that the RC is the primary source of the photoresponse. Disruption of the Ni-NTA-RC bond by imidazole leads to about 80% reduction of the photocurrent indicating that most of the photoactive protein is specifically bound to the electrode through the linker. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Lebedev, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nnl@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 42 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 EI 1873-4235 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 12 BP 1649 EP 1655 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2003.12.034 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 824HB UT WOS:000221676200012 PM 15142599 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Spencer, CR Amling, CL AF Crum, NF Spencer, CR Amling, CL TI Prostate carcinoma among men with human immunodeficiency virus infection SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); prostate-specific antigen (PSA); screening ID AIDS-DEFINING CANCERS; HIV-INFECTION; CELL CARCINOMA; BREAST-CANCER; RISK; TUMORS; MALIGNANCIES; MORTALITY; PATIENT; PEOPLE AB BACKGROUND. Several malignancies are known to occur more frequently in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To determine the incidence of prostate carcinoma in men with HIV infection, the authors initiated a prostate carcinoma screening program in a large HIV clinic. METHODS. Beginning in February 2002, monitoring of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and digital rectal examination (DRE) were included in the routine annual health maintenance provided to men with HIV infection age greater than or equal to35 years who were followed in the infectious disease clinic at the Naval Medical Center San Diego. All men with prostate carcinoma in this population over the last 2 years were reviewed. Demographic data (age, ethnicity), duration of HIV infection, laboratory values (CD4 counts and HIV viral load), and medication use were determined by medical record review. Men with elevated PSA levels (levels above age-adjusted PSA values or PSA velocity greater than or equal to0.75 ng/mL per year) or abnormal DRE results were referred for urologic evaluation. Comparisons between groups were performed using a logistic regression model and the Fisher exact test. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression to determine relations between prostate carcinoma and patient characteristics. RESULTS. Two hundred sixty-nine men age greater than or equal to35 years (mean age, 43.4 years; range, 35-72 years)underwent prostate carcinoma screening by DRE, and 216 men also received PSA testing. Overall, 56.3% of the patients were white, 28.7% were African American, and 15% were of other racial ethnicity. Of the 216 men, 7 (3.2%) had elevated PSA values, and none had abnormal DRE results. Three patients were diagnosed with prostatitis (PSA range, 3.3-25.7 ng/mL), and 1 patient had high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, which was determined after a biopsy was performed. Repeat PSA evaluations were within normal limits for the remaining three patients. Review of the cohort during the 2-year period before the current study was initiated revealed 5 additional cases of prostate neoplasia. Prostate carcinoma was common (4 of 11 men, 36.4%) in men age >60 years and occurred with relatively preserved CD4 counts (mean, 509 cells/mm(3)). In multivariate analysis, African-American race (P = 0.020) and duration of HIV infection (P = 0.047) were found to be associated with the development of prostate carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS. Prostate carcinoma screening identified abnormal PSA values in 3.2% of the HIV-positive cohort, many associated with prostatitis. Prostate carcinoma was common in older men and was associated with duration of HIV infection. As the life expectancy of men with HIV infection increases, prostate carcinoma screening will become increasingly important in this population. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society*. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfcrum@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 2 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1002/cncr.20389 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 835YD UT WOS:000222520500011 PM 15241826 ER PT J AU Chen, KH Jin, ZQ Li, J Kennedy, G Wang, ZL Thadhani, NN Zeng, H Cheng, SF Liu, JP AF Chen, KH Jin, ZQ Li, J Kennedy, G Wang, ZL Thadhani, NN Zeng, H Cheng, SF Liu, JP TI Bulk nanocomposite magnets produced by dynamic shock compaction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONSOLIDATION; POWDERS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Exchange-coupled R2Fe14B/alpha-Fe (R=Nd or Pr) nanocomposite bulk magnets with nearly full density have been successfully produced by shock compaction of melt-spun powders. X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy analyses of the shock-consolidated compacts showed no grain growth upon compaction, in fact, a decrease in the crystallite size of both the hard and soft phases was observed. As a consequence, magnetic properties were retained and even improved after compaction. Hysteresis loops of the shock-consolidated powder compacts showed a smooth single-phaselike behavior, indicating effective exchange coupling between hard and soft magnetic phases. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Liu, JP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM pliu@uta.edu RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011; Zeng, Hao/E-1994-2012 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380; NR 13 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 2 BP 1276 EP 1278 DI 10.1063/1.1760834 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 834DJ UT WOS:000222391500054 ER PT J AU Belani, CP Larocca, RV Rinaldi, DA Tester, WJ Gable, PS Perry, MC AF Belani, CP Larocca, RV Rinaldi, DA Tester, WJ Gable, PS Perry, MC TI A multicenter, phase III randomized trial for stage IIIB/IV NSCLC of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin vs. standard paclitaxel and carboplatin given every three weeks, followed by weekly paclitaxel. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY JUN 05-08, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Kentuckiana Canc Inst PLLC, Louisville, KY USA. Louisiana Oncol Associates, Lafayette, LA USA. Albert Einstein Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19141 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Missouri, Ellis Fischel Canc Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 14 SU S MA 7017 BP 621S EP 621S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 849BL UT WOS:000223512402463 PM 28016265 ER PT J AU Conant, WC VanReken, TM Rissman, TA Varutbangkul, V Jonsson, HH Nenes, A Jimenez, JL Delia, AE Bahreini, R Roberts, GC Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Conant, WC VanReken, TM Rissman, TA Varutbangkul, V Jonsson, HH Nenes, A Jimenez, JL Delia, AE Bahreini, R Roberts, GC Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI Aerosol-cloud drop concentration closure in warm cumulus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; CCN; cloud microphysics ID CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; CLIMATE; ALBEDO; GROWTH; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MICROPHYSICS; SPECTROMETER AB [1] Our understanding of the activation of aerosol particles into cloud drops during the formation of warm cumulus clouds presently has a limited observational foundation. Detailed observations of aerosol size and composition, cloud microphysics and dynamics, and atmospheric thermodynamic state were collected in a systematic study of 21 cumulus clouds by the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft during NASA's Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE). An "aerosol-cloud'' closure study was carried out in which a detailed cloud activation parcel model, which predicts cloud drop concentration using observed aerosol concentration, size distribution, cloud updraft velocity, and thermodynamic state, is evaluated against observations. On average, measured droplet concentration in adiabatic cloud regions is within 15% of the predictions. This agreement is corroborated by independent measurements of aerosol activation carried out by two cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) counters on the aircraft. Variations in aerosol concentration, which ranged from 300 to 3300 cm(-3), drives large microphysical differences ( 250 2300 cm(-3)) observed among continental and maritime clouds in the South Florida region. This is the first known study in which a cloud parcel model is evaluated in a closure study using a constraining set of data collected from a single platform. Likewise, this is the first known study in which relationships among aerosol size distribution, CCN spectrum, and cloud droplet concentration are all found to be consistent with theory within experimental uncertainties much less than 50%. Vertical profiles of cloud microphysical properties ( effective radius, droplet concentration, dispersion) clearly demonstrate the boundary layer aerosol's effect on cloud microphysics throughout the lowest 1 km of cloud depth. Onboard measurements of aerosol hygroscopic growth and the organic to sulfate mass ratio are related to CCN properties. These chemical data are used to quantify the range of uncertainty associated with the simplified treatment of aerosol composition assumed in the closure study. C1 CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, CIRPAS, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93633 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, UCB 311, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Conant, WC (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM billc@cheme.caltech.edu; vanreken@its.caltech.edu; rissman@its.caltech.edu; tomtor@its.caltech.edu; hjonsson@nps.navy.mil; thanos.nenes@che.gatech; jose.jimenez@colorado.edu; alice.delia@colorado.edu; broya@caltech.edu; greg@fiji.ucsd.edu; flagan@caltech.edu; seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847 NR 40 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D13 AR D13204 DI 10.1029/2003JD004324 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839PS UT WOS:000222797600003 ER PT J AU Yashiro, S Gopalswamy, N Michalek, G St Cyr, OC Plunkett, SP Rich, NB Howard, RA AF Yashiro, S Gopalswamy, N Michalek, G St Cyr, OC Plunkett, SP Rich, NB Howard, RA TI A catalog of white light coronal mass ejections observed by the SOHO spacecraft SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION; SPEEDS; TRANSIENTS; STORMS; LASCO AB The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission's white light coronagraphs have observed nearly 7000 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) between 1996 and 2002. We have documented the measured properties of all these CMEs in an online catalog. We describe this catalog and present a summary of the statistical properties of the CMEs. The primary measurements made on each CME are the apparent central position angle, the angular width in the sky plane, and the height ( heliocentric distance) as a function of time. The height-time measurements are then fitted to first- and second-order polynomials to derive the average apparent speed and acceleration of the CMEs. The statistical properties of CMEs are (1) the average width of normal CMEs (20degrees < width &LE; 120&DEG;) increased from 47&DEG; (1996; solar minimum) to 61&DEG; (1999; early phase of solar maximum) and then decreased to 53&DEG; (2002; late phase of solar maximum), (2) CMEs were detected around the equatorial region during solar minimum, while during solar maximum CMEs appear at all latitudes, ( 3) the average apparent speed of CMEs increases from 300 km s(-1) (solar minimum) to 500 km s(-1) (solar maximum), (4) the average apparent speed of halo CMEs (957 km s(-1)) is twice of that of normal CMEs (428 km s(-1)), and (5) most of the slow CMEs (V &LE; 250 km s(-1)) show acceleration while most of the fast CMEs (V > 900 km s(-1)) show deceleration. Solar cycle variation and statistical properties of CMEs are revealed with greater clarity in this study as compared with previous studies. Implications of our findings for CME models are discussed. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. USN, Solar Phys Branch, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yashiro, S (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM yashiro@cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov; gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov; michalek@oa.uj.edu.pl; chris.stcyr@nasa.gov; simon.plunkett@nrl.navy.mil; nathan.rich@nrl.navy.mil; russ.howard@nrl.navy.mil RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 42 TC 493 Z9 497 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A7 AR A07105 DI 10.1029/2003JA010282 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 839QJ UT WOS:000222799300001 ER PT J AU Tsao, JW Dickey, DH Heilman, KM AF Tsao, JW Dickey, DH Heilman, KM TI Emotional prosody in primary progressive aphasia SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Neurol, Jacksonville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Neurol Serv, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Tsao, JW (reprint author), 2313 Bridgewater Court, Orange Pk, FL 32003 USA. EM jwtsao@bellsouth.net NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 EI 1526-632X J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 13 PY 2004 VL 63 IS 1 BP 192 EP 193 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 839VJ UT WOS:000222812700046 PM 15249645 ER PT J AU Flatau, PJ AF Flatau, PJ TI Fast solvers for one dimensional light scattering in the discrete dipole approximation SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID MATRICES AB In this paper we propose new algorithms for solution of light scattering on non-spherical particles using one-dimensional variant of discrete dipole approximation. We discuss recent advances in algorithms for matrices with structures in context of the discrete dipole approximation and show that it is possible to apply these advances to form non-iterative solvers and improve algorithmic complexity in case of many incoming plane parallel waves. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Flatau, PJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pflatau@ucsd.edu RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 14 BP 3149 EP 3155 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.003149 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 837AF UT WOS:000222597300013 PM 19483836 ER PT J AU Sumner, MJ Weyers, RY Rosario, AC Riffle, JS Sorathia, U AF Sumner, MJ Weyers, RY Rosario, AC Riffle, JS Sorathia, U TI Synthesis and characterization of vinyl ester networks containing phthalonitrile moieties SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE vinyl ester; flame-resistant; phthalonitrile ID COMPOSITES; RESIN AB A new styrenic monomer, 4-vinylphenoxyphthalonitrile, was synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 4-vinylphenolate onto 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The new monomer was reacted with dimethacrylate-styrene resins (so-called vinyl esters) via free radical copolymerization at 90, then 120 degreesC with benzoyl peroxide as the initiator to form networks. The networks were further post-cured at 220, 240, or 260 degreesC for 4 h to convert the last portion of the methacrylates, and to partially cross-link the pendent phthalonitrile groups. A dimethacrylate-styrene network containing 30 wt% of the phthalonitrile-functional monomer exhibited a 70% reduction in peak heat release rate by cone calorimetry measured at an incident heat flux of 50 kW m(-2) relative to control vinyl ester networks. This still remains somewhat higher than peak heat release rates exhibited by brominated vinyl ester networks, but the CO/CO2 ratio in the smoke is much lower for these non-halogenated materials. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Technol, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Riffle, JS (reprint author), Virginia Technol, Dept Chem, 2018 Hahn Hall,Mail Code 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM anflynn@vt.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 15 BP 5199 EP 5206 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.011 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 840GE UT WOS:000222844500023 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Akiyama, S AF Doschek, GA Mariska, JT Akiyama, S TI The relationship of the chromosphere to the lower solar transition region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID EMISSION-LINE SPECTRUM; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; QUIET-SUN; SUMER TELESCOPE; ATOMIC DATABASE; ZONE LINES; SOHO; ATMOSPHERE; NETWORK; CORONA AB We examine the intensity correlations among lower transition region emission lines of N III, N IV, N V, O II, O III, O IV, O V, S IV, and S V. We find strong intensity correlations, with 1 sigma deviations in line intensity ratios less than about 35% on spatial scales of 1". For strong lines the percent deviations are significantly less than this. The line intensities were obtained from the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We find a dependence of the O II/O III and O V/N V ratios with intensity. The degree of correlation we obtain on arcsecond spatial scales is consistent with size scales for the basic transition region structures that are significantly less than 1" (730 km). C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 609 IS 2 BP 1153 EP 1163 DI 10.1086/421235 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 835BZ UT WOS:000222456200054 ER PT J AU Habasaki, J Ngai, KL Hiwatari, Y AF Habasaki, J Ngai, KL Hiwatari, Y TI "Cooperativity blockage" in the mixed alkali effect as revealed by molecular-dynamics simulations of alkali metasilicate glass SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICATE-GLASSES; ION DYNAMICS; RELAXATION; SINGLE; MODEL; SLOW; MD AB The relaxation dynamics of a complex interacting system can be drastically changed when mixing with another component having different dynamics. In this work, we elucidate the effect of the less mobile guest ions on the dynamics of the more mobile host ions in mixed alkali glasses by molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. One MD simulation was carried out on lithium metasilicate glass with the guest ions created by freezing some randomly chosen lithium ions at their initial locations at 700 K. A remarkable slowing down of the dynamics of the majority mobile Li ions was observed both in the self-part of the density-density correlation function, F-s(k,t), and in the mean-squared displacements. On the other hand, there is no significant change in the structure. The motion of the Li ions in the unadulterated Li metasilicate glass is dynamically heterogeneous. In the present work, the fast and slow ions were divided into two groups. The number of fast ions, which shows faster dynamics (Levy flight) facilitated by cooperative jumps, decreases considerably when small amount of Li ions are frozen. Consequently there is a large overall reduction of the mobility of the Li ions. The result is also in accordance with the experimental finding in mixed alkali silicate glasses that the most dramatic reduction of ionic conductivity occurs in the dilute foreign alkali limit. Similar suppression of the cooperative jumps is observed in the MD simulation data of mixed alkali system, LiKSiO3. Naturally, the effect found here is appropriately described as "cooperativity blockage." Slowing down of the motion of Li ions also was observed when a small number of oxygen atoms chosen at random were frozen. The effect is smaller than the case of freezing some the Li ions, but it is not negligible. The cooperativity blockage is also implemented by confining the Li metasilicate glass inside two parallel walls formed by freezing Li ions in the same metasilicate glass. Molecular-dynamics simulations were performed on the dynamics of the Li ions in the confined glass. Slowing down of the dynamics is largest near the wall and decreases monotonically with distance away from the wall. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RP Habasaki, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, 4259 Nagatsuta Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM habasaki@echem.titech.ac.jp RI Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 925 EP 934 DI 10.1063/1.1759614 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 832KE UT WOS:000222265600039 PM 15260624 ER PT J AU Ha, YH Nikolov, N Dulcey, C Wang, SC Mastrangelo, J Shashidhar, R AF Ha, YH Nikolov, N Dulcey, C Wang, SC Mastrangelo, J Shashidhar, R TI Conductivity tuning of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) through side-group cleavage SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article ID POLY(3,4-ALKYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) DERIVATIVES; ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; PEDOT C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shashidhar, R (reprint author), GeoCtr, Maritime Plaza 1,1201 M St SE Suite 50, Washington, DC 20003 USA. EM rshashidhar@geo-centers.com NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 144 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.01.002 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 824LO UT WOS:000221688300014 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Arness, MK Cassimatis, DC Campbell, CL Boyd, SY Murphy, JG Swerdlow, DL Collins, LC Riddle, JR Tornberg, DN Grabenstein, JD Engler, RJM AF Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Arness, MK Cassimatis, DC Campbell, CL Boyd, SY Murphy, JG Swerdlow, DL Collins, LC Riddle, JR Tornberg, DN Grabenstein, JD Engler, RJM CA Dept of Def Smallpox Vaccination TI Incidence and follow-up of inflammatory cardiac complications after smallpox vaccination SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VIRAL MYOCARDITIS AB OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the follow-up of patients with vaccinia-associated myocarditis. BACKGROUND With the threat of biological warfare, the U.S. Department of Defense resumed a program for widespread smallpox vaccinations on December 13, 2002. One-year afterwards, there has been a significant increase in the occurrence of myocarditis and pericarditis among those vaccinated. METHODS Cases were identified through sentinel reporting to military headquarters, systematic surveillance, and spontaneous reports. RESULTS A total of 540,824 military personnel were vaccinated with a New York City Board of Health strain of vaccinia from December 2002 through December 2003. Of these, 67 developed myopericarditis at 10.4 +/- 3.6 days after vaccination. The ST-segment elevation was noted in 57%, mean troponin on admission was 11.3 +/- 22.7 ng/dl, and peak cardiac enzymes were noted within 8 h of presentation. On follow-up of 64 patients (96%) at a mean of 32 16 weeks, all patients had objective normalization of echocardiography, electrocardiography, laboratory testing, graded exercise testing, and functional status; 8 (13%) reported atypical, non-limiting persistent chest discomfort. CONCLUSIONS Post-vaccinial myopericarditis should be considered in patients with chest pain within 30 days after smallpox vaccination. Normalization of echocardiography, electrocardiography, and treadmill testing is expected, and nearly all patients have resolution of chest pain on follow-up. (C) 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 USA, Med Command, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USA, Med Command, Off Assistant Secreary Def Hlth Affairs, Falls Church, VA USA. USA, Med Command, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), USA, Med Command, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Robert.Eckart@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.004 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 834OX UT WOS:000222421500040 PM 15234435 ER PT J AU Gent, DB Bricka, RM Alshawabkeh, AN Larson, SL Fabian, G Granade, S AF Gent, DB Bricka, RM Alshawabkeh, AN Larson, SL Fabian, G Granade, S TI Bench- and field-scale evaluation of chromium and cadmium extraction by electrokinetics SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics CY AUG, 2002 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE electrokinetics; soil remediation; heavy metals; electroosmosis; ion migration ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; REMEDIATION; REMOVAL; KAOLINITE; METALS; LEAD AB The results of bench-scale laboratory tests and in situ, pilot-scale demonstration of electrokinetic extraction of chromium and cadmium from contaminated soil are presented. The laboratory tests were conducted using 10 cm long samples under current density of 5 A/m(2) for 1200 h. Tests were conducted with and without citric acid amendment at the cathode. The results showed that citric acid improved extraction, especially in the sections near the cathode. However, processing was not enough to result in complete cleanup. The field demo was conducted at the Naval Air Weapon Station (NAWS), Point Mugu, California. Three cathodes were centered between six anodes. The anode-cathode spacing was 4.45 m (15 ft). Constant voltage of 60 V (similar to13 V/m) was applied for 20 days and then was reduced to 45 V (10 V/m) for 6 months. Citric acid was used to maintain the cathode pH at 4. After 6 months of treatment, 78% of the soil volume has been cleared of chromium or treated to below natural background levels. The results also indicated that 70% of the soil between the electrodes had been cleared of cadmium contamination. A comparison between the bench-scale and field demo showed that the field process was more effective than the lab tests. This indicated that small sample size will induce a negative effect on the efficiency of the process due to an increased impact of the boundaries on the overall process. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US ACE, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Aberdeen Testing Ctr, APG, Aberdeen, MD USA. USN, Point Mugu Nawc, CA USA. RP Alshawabkeh, AN (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM aalsha@coe.neu.edu NR 24 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 1-3 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.02.036 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 833DC UT WOS:000222315600006 PM 15177726 ER PT J AU Mascarenhas, AS Castro, R Collins, CA Durazo, R AF Mascarenhas, AS Castro, R Collins, CA Durazo, R TI Seasonal variation of geostrophic velocity and heat flux at the entrance to the Gulf of California, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE geostrophic heat flux; Gulf of California; geostrophic current ID NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; BALANCE; WAVES; CIRCULATION; SALINITY; SEAMOUNT; OCEAN; FLOW AB The divergence of the surface heat flux in the Gulf of California is driven by the exchange of waters with the Pacific Ocean [Castro et al., 1994]. To estimate these exchanges, geostrophic velocities and heat fluxes were computed from nine sections of closely spaced conductivity-temperature-depth stations across the entrance to the Gulf of California between 1992 and 1999. The mean geostrophic velocity was composed of two alternating cores of inflow and outflow. The two cores that were adjacent to either coast were broader and contained the highest inflow (0.40 m/s) and outflow (-0.25 m/s) velocities, supporting the general idea of inflow along Sinaloa and outflow along Baja California (BC). During winter and spring the baroclinic outflow usually occurred near BC, and the baroclinic inflow occurred either through the center of the section and/or along the Sinaloa coast. Both inflow and outflow cores were similar to45 km wide and extended deeper than 700 dbar. Summer and fall showed a more complex pattern, with alternating cores of inflow and outflow but with inflow along Sinaloa on all cruises. During May the inflow was mainly in the center of the section, while outflow was concentrated along BC. The heat transport associated with the geostrophic flow was calculated and compared with estimates derived from surface heat budgets for the gulf [Castro et al., 1994]. Both the geostrophic flow and heat transport exhibited (for the first empirical orthagonal function mode) a strong seasonal signal with the maximum amplitude in May and the minimum amplitude in late October. A seasonal fit to the net heat transport had an amplitude of 50 x 10(12) Wand phase of 133 days, in good agreement with other authors, further validating the geostrophic velocity estimates. The heat added to (subtracted from) the Pacific Ocean accelerates (decelerates) alongshore currents and appears to propagate similar to10degrees westward as a Rossby wave. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22820, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada 22820, Baja California, Mexico. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mascarenhas, AS (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22820, Baja California, Mexico. EM asmj@uabc.mx; rubenc@uabc.mx; collins@oc.nps.navy.mil; rdurazo@uabc.mx NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C7 AR C07008 DI 10.1029/2003JC002124 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839JW UT WOS:000222781200002 ER PT J AU Butcher, RJ Evans, R Gilardi, R AF Butcher, RJ Evans, R Gilardi, R TI 2,5,7-trinitro-2,5,7,9-tetraazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-one SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND BICYCLO-HMX; CRYSTAL AB The structure of the title compound, C5H7N7O7, contains fused five- and six-membered rings in a flattened envelope and a twist-boat conformation, respectively, with a cis junction between the two heterocyclic rings. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gilardi@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP O1376 EP O1378 DI 10.1107/S1600536804017301 PN 8 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 843HJ UT WOS:000223069000114 ER PT J AU Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Jiang, FM Zaveri, NT AF Parrish, DA Deschamps, JR Jiang, FM Zaveri, NT TI 1-[1-(decahydronaphthalen-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]indolin-2-one: one of a novel series of nociceptin receptor ligands SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C23H32N2O, is a member of the family of nociceptin receptor ligands derived from N-(4-piperidinyl)indolin- 2-ones. Modifications of the piperidine N- substituent can produce both agonists and antagonists, the title compound being an agonist with moderate affinity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SRI Int, Biosci Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parrish, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dparrish@ccs.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP O1253 EP O1254 DI 10.1107/S1600536804013297 PN 7 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 833XJ UT WOS:000222374500114 ER PT J AU Wheeler, KA Deschamps, JR AF Wheeler, KA Deschamps, JR TI Bis(dimethylammonium) 1,4-phenylenediacrylate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, 2 C2H8N+.C12H8O42-, crystallizes as a salt in space group P2(1)/n, the anion being located on an inversion center. The dimethylammonium cations link neighboring carboxylate anions via two N+-H...O hydrogen bonds [H...O = 1.72 (3) and 1.84 (3) Angstrom, N...O = 2.671 (2) and 2.726 (2) Angstrom, and N-H...O = 178 (3) and 173 (2)degrees] resulting in molecular ribbons. C1 Delaware State Univ, Dept Chem, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wheeler, KA (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Chem, 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM kwheeler@desu.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP O1421 EP O1423 DI 10.1107/S1600536804017921 PN 8 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 843HJ UT WOS:000223069000133 ER PT J AU Wheeler, KA Gordineer, M Deschamps, JR AF Wheeler, KA Gordineer, M Deschamps, JR TI N-phthaloyl-DL-alanine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID ENANTIOMERS; ACID AB In the title compound [systematic name: DL-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanoic acid], C11H9NO4, the propanoic acid and planar phthaloyl moieties adopt a staggered conformation. Molecules crystallize as centrosymmetric dimers linked by carboxyl O-H...O hydrogen bonds [O...O = 2.6005 (12) Angstrom and O-H...O = 174.8 (15)degrees]. C1 Delaware State Univ, Dept Chem, Dover, DE 19901 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wheeler, KA (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Chem, 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM kwheeler@desu.edu OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP O1399 EP O1400 DI 10.1107/S1600536804016459 PN 8 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 843HJ UT WOS:000223069000124 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Peng, HQ Rodriguez-Macias, F Margrave, JL Khabashesku, VN Imam, AM Lozano, K Barrera, EV AF Zhu, J Peng, HQ Rodriguez-Macias, F Margrave, JL Khabashesku, VN Imam, AM Lozano, K Barrera, EV TI Reinforcing epoxy polymer composites through covalent integration of functionalized nanotubes SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; LOAD-TRANSFER; STRENGTH; FABRICATION AB Strong interfacial bonding and homogenous dispersion have been found to be necessary conditions to take full advantage of the extraordinary properties of nanotubes for reinforcement of composites. We have developed a fully integrated nanotube composite material through the use of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The functionalization was performed via the reaction of terminal diamines with alkylcarboxyl groups attached to the SWNTs in the course of a dicarboxylic acid acyl peroxide treatment. Nanotube-reinforced epoxy polymer composites were prepared by dissolving the functionalized SWNTs in organic solvent followed by mixing with epoxy resin and curing agent. In this hybrid material system, nanotubes are covalently integrated into the epoxy matrix and become part of the crosslinked structure rather than just a separate component. Results demonstrated dramatic enhancement in the mechanical properties of an epoxy polymer material, for example, 30-70% increase in ultimate strength and modulus with the addition of only small quantities (1-4 wt.-%) of functionalized SWNTs. The nano tube-reinforced epoxy composites also exhibited an increased strain to failure, which suggests higher toughness. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. RP Barrera, EV (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ebarrera@rice.edu RI Rodriguez-Macias, Fernando/A-9841-2013 OI Rodriguez-Macias, Fernando/0000-0002-4319-5608 NR 31 TC 368 Z9 382 U1 5 U2 154 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 14 IS 7 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1002/adfm.200305162 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 844SS UT WOS:000223180700002 ER PT J AU Kotloff, RM Ahya, VN Crawford, SW AF Kotloff, RM Ahya, VN Crawford, SW TI Pulmonary complications of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; organ transplantation; pneumonia ID BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; BRONCHIOLITIS-OBLITERANS-SYNDROME; IDIOPATHIC-PNEUMONIA-SYNDROME; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE; ORTHOTOPIC LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; SINGLE-LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; ALLOGENEIC BMT RECIPIENTS; GANCICLOVIR-RESISTANT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AB The ability to successfully transplant solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells represents one of the landmark medical achievements of the twentieth century. Solid organ transplantation has emerged as the standard of care for select patients with severe vital organ dysfunction and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has become an important treatment option for patients with a wide spectrum of nonmalignant and malignant hematologic disorders, genetic disorders, and solid tumors. Although advances in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive management, and prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases have made long-term survival an achievable goal, transplant recipients remain at high risk for developing a myriad of serious and often life-threatening complications. Paramount among these are pulmonary complications, which arise as a consequence of the immunosuppressed status of the recipient as well as from such factors as the initial surgical insult of organ transplantation, the chemotherapy and radiation conditioning regimens that precede hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and alloimmune mechanisms mediating host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host responses. As the population of transplant recipients continues to grow and as their care progressively shifts from the university hospital to the community setting, knowledge of the pulmonary complications of transplantation is increasingly germane to the contemporary practice of pulmonary medicine. C1 Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Sect Adv Lung Dis & Lung Transplantat, Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Div, Philadelphia, PA 19027 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Pulm & Crit Care, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kotloff, RM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Sect Adv Lung Dis & Lung Transplantat, Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Div, 838 W Gates,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19027 USA. EM kotloff@mail.med.upenn.edu NR 351 TC 168 Z9 188 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 170 IS 1 BP 22 EP 48 DI 10.1164/rccm.200309-1322SO PG 27 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 833HQ UT WOS:000222328200013 PM 15070821 ER PT J AU Charoenvit, Y Brice, GT Bacon, D Majam, V Williams, J Abot, E Ganeshan, H Sedegah, M Doolan, DL Carucci, DJ Zimmerman, DH AF Charoenvit, Y Brice, GT Bacon, D Majam, V Williams, J Abot, E Ganeshan, H Sedegah, M Doolan, DL Carucci, DJ Zimmerman, DH TI A small peptide (CEL-1000) derived from the beta-chain of the human major histocompatibility complex class II molecule induces complete protection against malaria in an antigen-independent manner SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CD8+ T-CELLS; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; LEAPS(TM) HETEROCONJUGATE; INFECTED MOSQUITOS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; BINDING-SITE; MICE; IMMUNIZATION; IL-12; HEPATOCYTES AB CEL-1000 (DGQEEKAGVVSTGLIGGG) is a novel potential preventative and therapeutic agent. We report that CEL-1000 confers a high degree of protection against Plasmodium sporozoite challenge in a murine model of malaria, as shown by the total absence of blood stage infection following challenge with 100 sporozoites (100% protection) and by a substantial reduction (400-fold) of liver stage parasite RNA following challenge with 50,000 sporozoites. CEL-1000 protection was demonstrated in A/J (H-2(a)) and C3H/HeJ (H-2(k)) mice but not in BALB/c (H-2(d)) or CAF1 (A/J x BALB/c F, hybrid) mice. In CEL-1000-treated and protected mice, high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in serum and elevated frequencies of hepatic and splenic CD4(+) IFN-gamma-positive T cells were detected 24 h after administration of an additional dose of CEL-1000. Treatment of A/J mice that received CEL-1000 with antibodies against IFN-gamma just prior to challenge abolished the protection, and a similar treatment with antibodies against CD4(+) T cells partially reduced the level of protection, while treatment with control antibodies or antibodies specific for interleukin-12 (IL-12), CD8(+) T cells, or NK cells had no effect. Our data establish that the protection induced by CEL-1000 is dependent on IFN-gamma and is partially dependent on CD4(+) T cells but is independent of CD8(+) T cells, NK cells, and IL-12 at the effector phase and does not induce a detectable antibody response. C1 CEL SCI Corp, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Zimmerman, DH (reprint author), CEL SCI Corp, 8229 Boone Blvd,Suite 802, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. EM Dzimmerman@cel-sci.com RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7 BP 2455 EP 2463 DI 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2455-2463.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 834RC UT WOS:000222427200016 PM 15215094 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zhu, XQ Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zhu, XQ Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimal configuration and performance for a generalized Carnot cycle assuming the heat-transfer law Q alpha (Delta T)(m) SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE heat engine; optimal configuration; finite heat-reservoir; optimal performance; power efficiency ID MAXIMUM POWER; FINITE-TIME; ENGINES; EFFICIENCY; WORK AB The finite-time thermodynamic performance of a generalized Carnot cycle, in which the heat transfer between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs obeys a generalized law Q proportional to(DeltaT)(m), is studied. The optimal configuration and the fundamental optimal relation between power Output and efficiency of the cycle are derived. Some special examples are discussed. The results can provide some theoretical guidance for the design of practical engines. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Huaiyin Teachers Coll, Jiangsu 223001, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@pppublic.wh.hb.cn NR 26 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JUL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.08.006 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 812BR UT WOS:000220815500005 ER PT J AU Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Cooling-load density optimization for a regenerated air refrigerator SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE regenerated air refrigeration cycle; variable-temperature heat reservoirs; cooling-load density; optimization ID PERFORMANCE; CYCLES AB A performance analysis and optimization of a regenerated air refrigeration cycle with variable-temperature heat-reservoirs is carried out by taking the cooling-load density, i.e., the ratio of cooling load to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, as the optimization objective using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy-generation minimization (EGM). The model of a regenerated air refrigerator is presented, and analytical relationships between cooling-load density and pressure ratio, as well as between coefficient of performance (COP) and pressure ratio are derived. The irreversibilities considered in the analysis include the heat-transfer losses in the hot- and cold-side heat-exchangers and the regenerator, the non-isentropic compression and expansion losses in the compressor and expander, and the pressure-drop losses in the piping. The cycle performance comparison under maximum cooling-load density and maximum cooling-load conditions is performed via detailed numerical calculations. The optimal performance characteristics of the cycle are obtained by optimizing the pressure ratio of the compressor, and searching for the optimum distribution of heat-conductances of the hot- and cold-side heat-exchangers and regenerator for the fixed total heat-exchanger inventory. The effect of heat capacity rate matching between the working fluid and heat reservoirs on the cooling-load density is analyzed for the cycle. The influences of the effectiveness of the regenerator as well as the hot- and cold-side heat-exchangers, the efficiencies of the expander and the compressor, the pressure-recovery coefficient, and the temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs on the cooling-load density and COP are examined and illustrated by numerical examples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 16 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JUL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.08.008 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 812BR UT WOS:000220815500006 ER PT J AU Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI An absorption heat-former and its optimal performance SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; absorption heat-transformer cycle; heat resistances; heat leak; internal irreversibilities ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; TRANSFORMER; PUMP; THERMODYNAMICS; COEFFICIENT; PARAMETERS; PLANTS; LOAD AB On the basis of an endoreversible absorption heat-transformer cycle, a generalized irreversible four-heat-reservoir heat-transformer cycle model has been established by taking account of the heat resistances, heat leaks and irreversibilities due to the internal dissipation of the working substance. The heat transfer between the heat reservoir and the working substance is assumed to obey the linear (Newtonian) heat-transfer law, and the overall heat transfer surface area of the four heat-exchangers is assumed to be constant. The fundamental optimal relations between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the heating load, the maximum coefficient of performance and the corresponding heating load, the maximum heating load and the corresponding coefficient of performance, as well as the optimal temperatures of the working substance and the optimal heat-transfer surface areas of the four heat exchangers are derived using finite-time thermodynamics. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the characteristics of the cycle are studied by numerical examples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 21 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JUL PY 2004 VL 78 IS 3 BP 329 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.08.007 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 812BR UT WOS:000220815500007 ER PT J AU Fischer, J Klaassen, T Hovenier, N Jakob, G Poglitsch, A Sternberg, O AF Fischer, J Klaassen, T Hovenier, N Jakob, G Poglitsch, A Sternberg, O TI Cryogenic far-infrared laser absorptivity measurements of the Herschel Space Observatory telescope mirror coatings SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTHS; SURFACES; MISSION; CAMERA; PACS AB Far-infrared laser calorimetry was used to measure the absorptivity, and thus the emissivity, of aluminum-coated silicon carbide mirror samples produced during the coating qualification run of the Herschel Space Observatory telescope to be launched by the European Space Agency in 2007. The samples were measured at 77 K to simulate the operating temperature of the telescope in its planned orbit about the second Lagrangian point, L-2, of the Earth-Sun system. Together, the telescope's equilibrium temperature in space and the emissivity of the mirror surfaces will determine the far-infrared-submillimeter background and thus the sensitivity of two of the three astronomical instruments aboard the observatory if stray-light levels can be kept low relative to the mirror emission. Absorptivities of both clean and dust-contaminated samples were measured at 70,118,184, and 496 mum. Theoretical fits to the data predict absorptivities of 0.2-0.4% for the clean sample and 0.2-0.8% for the dusty sample, over the spectral range of the Herschel Space Observatory instruments. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Fischer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jackie.fischer@nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 19 BP 3765 EP 3771 DI 10.1364/AO.43.003765 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 834RD UT WOS:000222427300001 PM 15250543 ER PT J AU Mullen, L Laux, A Concannon, B Zege, EP Katsev, IL Prikhach, AS AF Mullen, L Laux, A Concannon, B Zege, EP Katsev, IL Prikhach, AS TI Amplitude-modulated laser imager SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID UNDERWATER; SYSTEM AB Laser systems have been developed to image underwater objects. However, the performance of these systems can be severely degraded in turbid water. We have developed a technique using modulated light to improve underwater detection and imaging. A program, Modulated Vision System (MVS), which is based on a new theoretical approach, has been developed to predict modulated laser imaging performance. Experiments have been conducted in a controlled laboratory environment to test the accuracy of the theory as a function of system and environmental parameters. Results show a strong correlation between experiment and theory and indicate that the MVS program can be used to predict future system performance. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Air Warfare Ctr, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Belarus Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. RP Mullen, L (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Air Warfare Ctr, Electroopt & Special Mission Sensors Div, 22347 Cedar Point Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM linda.mullen@navy.mil NR 14 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 19 BP 3874 EP 3892 DI 10.1364/AO.43.003874 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 834RD UT WOS:000222427300012 PM 15250554 ER PT J AU West, AA Hawley, SL Walkowicz, LM Covey, KR Silvestri, NM Raymond, SN Harris, HC Munn, JA McGehee, PM Ivezic, Z Brinkmann, J AF West, AA Hawley, SL Walkowicz, LM Covey, KR Silvestri, NM Raymond, SN Harris, HC Munn, JA McGehee, PM Ivezic, Z Brinkmann, J TI Spectroscopic properties of cool stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: An analysis of magnetic activity and a search for subdwarfs SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : structure; solar neighborhood; stars : activity; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; subdwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; M-DWARF; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; MAIN-SEQUENCE; BROWN DWARFS; DATA RELEASE; 2MASS; KINEMATICS; NEIGHBORS; EMISSION AB We present a spectroscopic analysis of nearly 8000 late-type dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using the Halpha emission line as an activity indicator, we investigate the fraction of active stars as a function of spectral type and find a peak near type M8, confirming previous results. In contrast to past findings, we find that not all M7 - M8 stars are active. We show that this may be a selection effect of the distance distributions of previous samples, since the active stars appear to be concentrated near the Galactic plane. We also examine the activity strength ( ratio of the luminosity emitted in Halpha to the bolometric luminosity) for each star and find that the mean activity strength is constant over the range M0-M5 and declines at later types. The decline begins at a slightly earlier spectral type than previously found. We explore the effect that activity has on the broadband photometric colors and find no significant differences between active and inactive stars. We also carry out a search for subdwarfs using spectroscopic metallicity indicators and find 60 subdwarf candidates. Several of these candidates are near the extreme subdwarf boundary. The spectroscopic subdwarf candidates are redder by similar to 0.2 mag in g - r compared with disk dwarfs at the same r - i color. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP West, AA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM west@astro.washington.edu RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 43 TC 212 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.1086/421364 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 838GZ UT WOS:000222702800034 ER PT J AU Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Kurt Anderson, SJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carliles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gal, RR Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hamabe, M Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Leger, RF Li, N Lin, H Loh, YS Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Malik, T Margon, B Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nakajima, R Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S O'Mullane, W Ostriker, JP Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Quinn, TR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Seljak, U Sergey, G Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Teodoro, L Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Wang, SI Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB AF Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Kurt Anderson, SJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carliles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gal, RR Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hamabe, M Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Leger, RF Li, N Lin, H Loh, YS Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Malik, T Margon, B Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nakajima, R Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S O'Mullane, W Ostriker, JP Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Quinn, TR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Seljak, U Sergey, G Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Teodoro, L Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Wang, SI Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB TI The second data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; 1ST DATA RELEASE; PROPER-MOTION CATALOG; USNO-B; GALAXY SAMPLE; WHITE-DWARFS; STARS; SYSTEM; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has validated and made publicly available its Second Data Release. This data release consists of 3324 deg(2) of five-band (ugriz) imaging data with photometry for over 88 million unique objects, 367,360 spectra of galaxies, quasars, stars, and calibrating blank sky patches selected over 2627 deg(2) of this area, and tables of measured parameters from these data. The imaging data reach a depth of r approximate to 22.2 ( 95% completeness limit for point sources) and are photometrically and astrometrically calibrated to 2% rms and 100 mas rms per coordinate, respectively. The imaging data have all been processed through a new version of the SDSS imaging pipeline, in which the most important improvement since the last data release is fixing an error in the model fits to each object. The result is that model magnitudes are now a good proxy for point-spread function magnitudes for point sources, and Petrosian magnitudes for extended sources. The spectroscopy extends from 3800 to 9200 8 at a resolution of 2000. The spectroscopic software now repairs a systematic error in the radial velocities of certain types of stars and has substantially improved spectrophotometry. All data included in the SDSS Early Data Release and First Data Release are reprocessed with the improved pipelines and included in the Second Data Release. Further characteristics of the data are described, as are the data products themselves and the tools for accessing them. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Japan Womens Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Akad Pedag Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. CERN, IT Div, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Japan Participat Grp, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Abazajian, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; /0000-0002-1891-3794 NR 41 TC 762 Z9 768 U1 2 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1086/421365 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 838GZ UT WOS:000222702800040 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Dammasch, I Landi, E Doschek, GA AF Feldman, U Dammasch, I Landi, E Doschek, GA TI Observations indicating that similar to 1 x 10(7) K solar flare plasmas may be produced in situ from similar to 1 x 10(6) K coronal plasma SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : UV radiation ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; R-CIRCLE-DOT; ACTIVE-REGION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; DISTANCES; CHIANTI AB We discuss a set of flare observations obtained at a position of 0.10 R(.) above the solar northwest limb. The data were acquired by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We derive time-dependent comparisons of physical properties, such as electron temperature and density, between flare plasma and background coronal plasma observed along the same lines of sight. In addition to temperature and density, we discuss emission measures, elemental abundances, nonthermal mass motions ( from line widths), and bulk mass motions ( from Doppler shifts). The observations appear to indicate that the flaring plasmas (4 x 10(6) K less than or equal to T(e) less than or equal to 1 x 10(7) K) along the lines of sight were formed by in situ heating and possibly by compression of the ambient coronal material ( T(e) less than or equal to 2 x 10(6) K). C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, 2922 Excelsior Springs Court, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 609 IS 1 BP 439 EP 451 DI 10.1086/420964 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 832FO UT WOS:000222252900042 ER PT J AU Klose, S Henden, AA Geppert, U Greiner, J Guetter, HH Hartmann, DH Kouveliotou, C Luginbuhl, CB Stecklum, B Vrba, FJ AF Klose, S Henden, AA Geppert, U Greiner, J Guetter, HH Hartmann, DH Kouveliotou, C Luginbuhl, CB Stecklum, B Vrba, FJ TI A near-infrared survey of the N49 region around the soft gamma repeater SGR 0526-66 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (SL 463); pulsars : individual (SGR 0526-66); supernova remnants ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; X-RAY PULSARS; MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SGR 1900+14; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CLUSTERS; ASSOCIATIONS; COUNTERPART; SGR1900+14 AB We report the results of a deep near-infrared survey with the Very Large Telescope/Infrared Spectrometer and Array Camera of the environment of the supernova remnant N49 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which contains the soft gamma repeater SGR 0526 - 66. Two of the four confirmed SGRs are potentially associated with compact stellar clusters. We thus searched for a similar association of SGR 0526 - 66 and imaged a young stellar cluster at a projected distance of similar to 30 pc from the SGR. This constitutes the third cluster - SGR link and lends support to scenarios in which SGR progenitors originate in young dusty clusters. If confirmed, the cluster-SGR association constrains the age and thus the initial mass of SGR progenitors. C1 Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Klose, S (reprint author), Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. EM klose@tls-tautenburg.de NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 609 IS 1 BP L13 EP L16 DI 10.1086/422657 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 832FY UT WOS:000222253900004 ER PT J AU Romano, TA Keogh, MJ Kelly, C Feng, P Berk, L Schlundt, CE Carder, DA Finneran, JJ AF Romano, TA Keogh, MJ Kelly, C Feng, P Berk, L Schlundt, CE Carder, DA Finneran, JJ TI Anthropogenic sound and marine mammal health: measures of the nervous and immune systems before and after intense sound exposure SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; WHALE DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; MASKED HEARING THRESHOLDS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; BLOOD-LYMPHOCYTES; TEMPORARY SHIFT; STRESS; NOISE AB Anthropogenic sound is a potential stressor for marine mammals that may affect health, as has been demonstrated in other mammals. Therefore, we have initiated investigations on the effects of intense underwater sounds on nervous system activation and immune function in marine mammals. Blood samples were obtained before and after sound exposures (single underwater impulsive sounds (up to 200 kPa) produced from a seismic water gun and (or) single pure tones (up to 201 dB re 1 muPa) resembling sonar opingso from a white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, and a bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, to measure neural-immune parameters. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine levels increased with increasing sound levels and were significantly higher after high-level sound exposures (>100 kPa) compared with low-level sound exposures (<100 kPa) or controls (P = 0.003, 0.006, and 0.020) for the white whale. Alkaline phosphatase decreased over the experimental period (P < 0.001), while gamma-glutamyltransferase increased over the experimental period (P < 0.001). Significant neural-immune measurements for the dolphin after exposure to impulsive sounds included an increase in aldosterone (P = 0.003) and a decrease in monocytes (P = 0.006). Neural-immune changes to tonal sound exposures were minimal, although changes were observed in multiple neural-immune measures over time. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Coll Med, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Maritime Serv Div, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Romano, TA (reprint author), Mystic Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Res & Vet Serv, 55 Coogan Blvd, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. EM tromano@mysticaquarium.org NR 54 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 48 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 7 BP 1124 EP 1134 DI 10.1139/F04-055 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 861XD UT WOS:000224451000008 ER PT J AU Hovsepian, DM Siskin, GP Bonn, J Cardella, JF Clark, TWI Lampmann, LE Miller, DL Omary, RA Pelage, JP Rajan, D Schwartzberg, MS Towbin, RB Walker, WJ Sacks, D AF Hovsepian, DM Siskin, GP Bonn, J Cardella, JF Clark, TWI Lampmann, LE Miller, DL Omary, RA Pelage, JP Rajan, D Schwartzberg, MS Towbin, RB Walker, WJ Sacks, D CA CIRSE and SIR Standards of Practi TI Quality improvement guidelines for uterine artery embolization for symptomatic leiomyomata SO CARDIOVASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBROID EMBOLIZATION; FOLLOW-UP; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; EXPERIENCE; COMPLICATIONS; MICROSPHERES; PREGNANCY; WOMEN AB Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is assuming an important role in the treatment of women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata worldwide. The following guidelines, which have been jointly published with the Society of Interventional Radiology in the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, are intended to ensure the safe practice of UAE by identifying the elements of appropriate patient selection, anticipated outcomes, and recognition of possible complications and their timely address. C1 Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Albany Med Coll, Dept Vasc Radiol, Albany, NY 12208 USA. SUNY, Upstate Med Univ, Dept Radiol, Syracuse, NY USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Sect Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Reading Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Reading, PA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Intervent Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Radiol Associates Cent Florida, Leesburg, FL USA. St Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Radiol, Tilburg, Netherlands. Hop Lariboisiere, Dept Body & Vasc Imaging, F-75475 Paris, France. Univ Toronto, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Royal Surrey Cty Hosp, Dept Radiol, Guildford, Surrey, England. RP Hovsepian, DM (reprint author), Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM hovsepiand@mir.wustl.edu RI Pelage, Jean-Pierre/L-2488-2015 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0174-1551 J9 CARDIOVASC INTER RAD JI Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s00270-004-0087-4 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 842ZT UT WOS:000223043900002 PM 15346204 ER PT J AU Denning, PJ AF Denning, PJ TI The field of programmers myth SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Superiority, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. ACM, New York, NY USA. RP Denning, PJ (reprint author), USN, Cebrowski Inst Informat Innovat & Superiority, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM pjd@nps.edu NR 7 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUL PY 2004 VL 47 IS 7 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1145/975817.975834 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 832KY UT WOS:000222267600008 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Tran, NE Feresenbet, E AF Lambrakos, SG Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Tran, NE Feresenbet, E TI Evaluation of the effectiveness of wash water additives on the corrosion behavior of metal structures exposed to marine environments SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE aluminum; inhibitor coatings; inhibitor wash down rinses; military equipment; seawater; steel surface plasmon resonance ID MULTIPHASE FLOW CONDITIONS; INHIBITOR FILMS; C-STEEL; PERSISTENCY AB Corrosion of military equipment remains a serious problem to all branches of the military, affecting both operational readiness and life cycle costs. Commercial additives have been proposed for inclusion in freshwater rinses used to inhibit corrosion of military vehicles exposed to marine environments. The performance data available for these products are generally qualitative and do not permit reliable assessments of their utility or the actual level of protection that can be anticipated. Manufacturers suggest ways the additives may work. but the active inhibiting agent and its concentration are usually protected as proprietary information. Investigation of the problem is further complicated by the fact that during operations. military vehicles usually experience a wide range of conditions that influence corrosion rates. Based on the premise that corrosion inhibition involves the association of a metal surface with an active inhibiting species. this work investigated the inherent properties of five rinse additives and their influence on the corrosion rates of steel and aluminum through separate experimental procedures. The properties examined were the intrinsic ability of additives to affect seawater corrosion processes, the level of inhibition observed as a function of seawater concentration, and the intrinsic attraction of the additive or a component to a metal surface. Correlations between the resultant test data and ongoing field data were examined in attempts to establish a firm basis for predicting and ranking wash additives relative to practical application. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Acad, Div Engn & Phys Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA. USN, Res Lab, Bioengn Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lambrakos@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 IS 7 BP 611 EP 621 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 837XP UT WOS:000222675000001 ER PT J AU Webley, WC Vora, GJ Stuart, ES AF Webley, WC Vora, GJ Stuart, ES TI Cell surface display of the chlamydial glycolipid exoantigen (GLXA) demonstrated by antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; ANTIIDIOTYPIC ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PNEUMONIAE DNA; HEART-DISEASE; HELA-CELLS; TRACHOMATIS; ANTIGEN AB The chlamydial species are Gram-negative bacterial pathogens critical to human health. Their developmental cycle is associated with the formation and release of the broadly conserved glycolipid exoantigen (GLXA), which has been implicated in the chlamydial elementary body-host cell interaction. This study examines the potential surface display of this glycolipid by chlamydiae-infected cells and the ability of the GLXA they secrete to associate with the plasma membranes of uninfected cells, a prerequisite for exerting influence on them. The sequential incubation of anti-GLXA antibody and complement with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar K or C pneumoniae AR-39-infected HeLa 229 or macrophage cells resulted in significant cellular cytotoxicity, which preceded the formation of mature elementary bodies. For uninfected cells, co-incubation of GLXA, purified from supernatants of either C. trachomatis or C. pneumoniae-infected HeLa 229 cells, followed by the successive addition of mouse anti-GLXA antibody and complement, yielded similar levels of cellular cytotoxicity. Thus, GLXA indeed is displayed on the surface of infected cells and, therefore, if antibody of appropriate specificity were present, this GLXA could serve to target these infected cells for elimination. Furthermore, released GLXA can associate with uninfected cells and therefore would be positioned to influence their behavior, especially in the context of infection. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Morrill Sci Ctr IVN, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stuart, ES (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Morrill Sci Ctr IVN, Rm 203, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM esstuart@microbio.umass.edu RI Webley, Wilmore /I-7145-2012; OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597; Webley, Wilmore/0000-0003-4490-395X NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s00284-003-4181-7 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837DC UT WOS:000222607500004 PM 15297924 ER PT J AU Cronquist, SD AF Cronquist, SD TI Tularemia: the disease and the weapon SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; OCULOGLANDULAR TULAREMIA; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; AGENTS; BIOTERRORISM; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION AB Tularemia is a bacterial infection usually transmitted via arthropod vectors or direct contact with infected animals. Naturally occurring cases are relatively rare, and can result in six different clinical syndromes. Tularemia is also a potential agent of bioterrorism or biowarfare, and is categorized as a high-level threat. Effective antibiotic treatment is available, including potential use of oral antibiotics in a mass casualty situation. An awareness of potential clinical presentations of tularemia will facilitate timely intervention, appropriate diagnostic testing, and decreased morbidity in the event of a biologic attack with Francisella tularensis. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Cronquist, SD (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, 3001A 6th St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM sdcronquist@NHGL.med.navy.mil NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 313 EP + DI 10.1016/j.det.2004.03.009 PG 10 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 835EL UT WOS:000222463200009 PM 15207312 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K AF Gerlach, K TI Shipboard/landbased radar clutter/jamming rejection using a structured covariance matrix SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE radar; adaptive processing; adaptive beamforming; interference rejection AB Shipboard/landbased radars require adaptive signal processing to suppress interference consisting of external directional jammers and background clutter. Using a structured covariance matrix form, which includes partial knowledge of the internal noise and temporal clutter covariance matrix, a fast converging adaptive signal processor is developed that can take two forms: (1) simultaneously adaptively weight the spatial (antenna elements) and temporal (pulses) inputs to form an output or (2) adaptively weight the spatial (antenna elements) inputs and nonadaptively pulse-Doppler process thereafter to form an output. In either case it is shown using a simplistic mismatched clutter/jamming model that the convergence performance (within 3 dB of optimum) of the new adaptive processors (AP) is almost the same as that of the fast converging processor when no clutter was present in the data inputs. For both cases, the algorithms converge for typical scenarios under consideration in just a few independent sample vectors per input channel. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gerlach@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 379 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.dsp.2003.12.005 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 836KY UT WOS:000222555800007 ER PT J AU Torres, JR Russell, KL Vasquez, C Barrera, R Tesh, RB Salas, R Watts, DM AF Torres, JR Russell, KL Vasquez, C Barrera, R Tesh, RB Salas, R Watts, DM TI Family cluster of Mayaro fever, Venezuela SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-DISEASE; ARBOVIRUSES; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB A cluster of protracted migratory polyarthritis involving four adult family members occurred in January 2000 after a brief overnight outing in a rural area of Venezuela. Laboratory testing demonstrated Mayaro virus as the cause of the cluster. These results documented the first human cases of Mayaro virus in Venezuela. C1 Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Trop Med, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Caracas, Venezuela. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Torres, JR (reprint author), Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Trop Med, Apartado 47019, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela. EM torresj@mailandnews.com NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1304 EP 1306 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835CF UT WOS:000222456800020 PM 15324555 ER PT J AU Coffin, RB Montgomery, MT Boyd, TJ Masutani, SM AF Coffin, RB Montgomery, MT Boyd, TJ Masutani, SM TI Influence of ocean CO2 sequestration on bacterial production SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER ID DIVERSITY; LEUCINE AB Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a major greenhouse gas. Increasing atmospheric concentrations are believed to be responsible for a gradual warming of the Earth. Strategies to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by sequestration underground or in the deep ocean are being investigated. An international collaboration to conduct a field experiment on CO2 ocean sequestration was initiated in December 1997. The primary objective of this project is to obtain data that can be applied to assess environmental impacts of direct injection of CO2 into the deep ocean. The collaboration is being implemented by a research team comprising engineers and scientists from five nations: Japan, the US, Norway, Canada, and Australia. This paper focuses on studies being conducted as part of the field experiment to investigate the influence of decreased seawater pH from CO2 dissolution on bacterial production in the ocean. A preliminary analysis of the variation in bacterial production under different values of pH and temperature, conducted in July 1999, indicated that there was no measurable effect on the microbial population in the first 24 h of the experiment. However, there was a rapid decline in bacterial production with decreases in pH over a 96 It incubation period. In addition, the impact of reduced pH was more pronounced when the bacteria were grown at warmer temperatures, i.e. with a more rapid potential production rate. Subsequent laboratory experiments were conducted in June 2000 using pressure chambers to determine the effect of depressurization on bacterial production. For this effort, seawater samples were collected from a 600 in deep pipeline off the Kona coast of the island of Hawaii. Water was placed in a pressure chamber and allowed to stabilize for 48 h at the ambient pressure and temperature of 600 in depth at the sampling location. After 48 h, the water was depressurized and acidified with CO2 to pH values of 6.95 and 5.6. The acidified water and an un-amended sample were incubated at 5, 10 and 15degreesC for 96 h and sampled every 24 h. Similar impacts to those observed previously on the bacterial production were noted. The overall result was that longer incubation times and warmer temperatures reduced bacterial production in samples exposed to the lower pH. This observation is beneficial to develop an understanding of the long term effects of CO2 releases on basic elemental cycles that support aquatic food chains. Future work needs to investigate long term variation in the bacterial community, the impact on nutrient recycling, and the population growth efficiency. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Hawaii, HNEI, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Coffin, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Biogeochem Sect, Code 6114, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rcoffin@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1511 EP 1520 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2003.06.001 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 831DO UT WOS:000222173600028 ER PT J AU Butler, D AF Butler, D TI When should a longitudinal study be extended? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 USN, Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S172 EP S172 DI 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00456 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800455 ER PT J AU Tomm, JW Gerhardt, A Biermann, ML Holland, JP AF Tomm, JW Gerhardt, A Biermann, ML Holland, JP TI Quantitative spectroscopic strain analysis of AlGaAs-based high-power diode laser devices SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP 10) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL Batz sur Mer, FRANCE ID SUPERLATTICE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INDUCED STRESS-DISTRIBUTION; K-P THEORY AB Results of quantitative spectroscopic analysis of packaging-induced strain in In0.06Ga0.86Al0.08As/Ga0.7Al0.3As/GaAs high-power 'cm-bars' diode laser arrays are presented. Theoretically, the influence on the results of particular device structure properties, such as intrinsic strain, is analyzed. We compare these theoretical results, which are based on a unaxial stress model, with photocurrent data. For In-soldered devices on copper heatsinks, we find a strain difference of (0.050+/- 0.015)% between edge and center of the device. Almost complete strain-relaxation toward the device edges is experimentally demonstrated. The general approach is also applicable to the analysis of all data that refer to changes of the electronic bandstructure, such as absorption and photoluminescence. C1 Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspektros, Berlin, Germany. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Tomm, JW (reprint author), Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspektros, Max Born Str 2A, Berlin, Germany. EM tomm@mbi-berlin.de RI Tomm, Jens /D-2697-2011 OI Tomm, Jens /0000-0002-9731-9397 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-0042 J9 EUR PHYS J-APPL PHYS JI Eur. Phys. J.-Appl. Phys PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1051/epjap:2004097 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863KC UT WOS:000224559500102 ER PT J AU Neal, AL Clough, LK Perkins, TD Little, BJ Magnuson, TS AF Neal, AL Clough, LK Perkins, TD Little, BJ Magnuson, TS TI In situ measurement of Fe(III) reduction activity of Geobacter pelophilus by simultaneous in situ RT-PCR and XPS analysis SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, ATV Jord Grundvand, Soc Danish Environm Engineers, Univ New Hampshire, Bedrock Bioremediat Ctr, Univ New Hampshire, Environm Res Grp, US DOE, Danish Tech Res Council, Cowifonden DE iron respiring bacterium; gene detection; surface attachment; mineral transformation; geobacteraceae ID OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SHEWANELLA-ALGA BRY; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; IRON SULFIDES; ADHESION; OXIDE; SULFURREDUCENS; CHEMISTRY AB Geobacter pelophilus is capable of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reduction on solid phase Fe(III)-oxides by means of surface attachment and direct electron transport to Fe(III), in part mediated by outer membrane c-type cytochromes. A study was undertaken to characterize surface colonization patterns, gene expression, and mineral transformation by this organism. The gene fer A (Geobacter sulfurreducens outer membrane Fe(III) reductase cytochrome c) was used as a target for PCR based molecular detection methods for visualizing G. pelophilus surface colonization. Protein extracts were prepared from solid-phase cultures, and cytochrome c content assessed. Mineral transformations were followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results of in situ (IS) RT-PCR experiments demonstrate that G. pelophilus attaches and grows at ferrihydrite mineral surfaces. Fluorescently-labeled cells were observed after IS-RT-PCR experiments, suggesting that G. pelophilus contains a cytochrome c sequence similar to ferA in G. sulfurreducens which is expressed in the presence of ferrihydrite. Protein extracts possessed high mass c-type cytochromes of similar size to those found in G. sulfurreducens. In addition, unique high-mass c-type cytochromes were also detected. XPS analysis demonstrated mineral transformation to occur, mediated by the surface associated population. This study demonstrates that G. pelophilus attaches to Fe(III)-oxide surfaces, reduces the Fe(III) oxides at the surface, produces c-type cytochromes under these growth conditions, and expresses cytochrome c-encoding genes as measured by in situ molecular detection techniques. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USN, Res Lab, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Magnuson, TS (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, POB 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM magntimo@isu.edu RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.03.014 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 836IL UT WOS:000222549000017 PM 19712394 ER PT J AU Kutschman, RF Hadley, S AF Kutschman, RF Hadley, S TI Diagnosing and treating metabolic syndrome SO GERIATRIC NURSING LA English DT Article ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; OBESITY; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HEALTH C1 USN, Nurse Corps, Washington, DC USA. USN, Hosp Guam, Intens Care Unit, Washington, DC USA. San Diego State Univ, Sch Nursing, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Kutschman, RF (reprint author), USN, Nurse Corps, Washington, DC USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0197-4572 J9 GERIATR NURS JI Geriatr. Nurs. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2004.06.023 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Nursing SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nursing GA 847IO UT WOS:000223386100016 PM 15311197 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, PR AF Bandyopadhyay, PR TI Biology-inspired science and technology for autonomous underwater vehicles SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID INSECT FLIGHT C1 USN, Undersea Warfare ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, PR (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM BandyopadhyayPR@Npt.NUWC.Navy.MiI NR 5 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.833099 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 868FZ UT WOS:000224900800002 ER PT J AU Opila, D Annaswamy, AM Krol, WP Raghu, S AF Opila, D Annaswamy, AM Krol, WP Raghu, S TI Biomimetic reduction of wake deficit using tail articulation at low Reynolds number SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology CY AUG 24-27, 2003 CL Durham, NH DE active control; biomimetic; tail articulation; wake reduction ID FISH AB The field of biomimetics seeks to distill biological principles from nature and implement them in engineering systems in an effort to improve various performance metrics. In this paper, a biology-based approach is used to address the problem of radiated propulsor noise in underwater vehicles using active control. This approach is one of "tail articulation" of a stator blade, which is carried out using a suitable strategy that effectively alters the flow field impinging on a rotor downstream and in turn changes the radiated noise characteristics of the rotor blades. A reduced-order two-dimensional noise model is developed by characterizing the impact of the articulation as a point circulation input, which is then used to develop an active control strategy. An experimental investigation of such a control strategy is also carried out in this paper using a simple benchtop open-channel water tunnel at Re = 4000 and stepper motor controlled articulation. Tail articulations using sinusoidal and transient motion were able to reduce the wake deficit behind the stator by as much as 40-60%. The implications of the proposed method for reducing blade tonal noise in autonomous underwater vehicles are briefly discussed at the end of the paper. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Adv Fluid, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Opila, D (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 766 EP 776 DI 10.1109/JOE.2004.833121 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 868FZ UT WOS:000224900800023 ER PT J AU Tulchinsky, DA Li, XW Li, N Demiguel, S Campbell, JC Williams, KJ AF Tulchinsky, DA Li, XW Li, N Demiguel, S Campbell, JC Williams, KJ TI High-saturation current wide-bandwidth photodetectors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE high-power photodetectors; photodetectors; photodiodes; saturation current; sheet resistance; space-charge effect ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE; PARTIALLY DEPLETED ABSORBER; MICROWAVE PHOTODETECTORS; INP; REGION; NONLINEARITIES; FIELDS AB This paper describes the design and performance of two wide-bandwidth photodiode structures. The partially depleted absorber photodiode utilizes an absorbing layer consisting of both depleted and undepleted In0.53Ga0.47As layers. These photodiodes have achieved saturation currents (bandwidths) of >430 mA (300 MHz) and 199 mA (1 GHz) for 100-mum-diameter devices and 24 mA (48 GHz) for 100-mum(2) area devices. Charge compensation has also been utilized in a similar, but modified In0.53Ga0.47As-InP unitraveling-carrier photodiode design to predistort the electric field in the depletion region in order to mitigate space charge effects. For 20-mum-diameter photodiodes the large-signal 1-dB compression current and bandwidth were similar to90 mA and 25 GHz, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Microelect Res, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.tulchinsky@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.831951 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 862KG UT WOS:000224488900007 ER PT J AU Mahalanobis, A Muise, RR Stanfill, SR Van Nevel, A AF Mahalanobis, A Muise, RR Stanfill, SR Van Nevel, A TI Design and application of quadratic correlation filters for target detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL IMPLEMENTATION; CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION AB We introduce a method for designing and implementing quadratic correlation filters (QCFs) for shift-invariant target detection in imagery. The QCFs are a quadratic classifier that operates directly on the image data without feature extraction or segmentation. In this sense, the QCFs retain the main advantages of conventional linear correlation filters while offering significant improvements in other respects. Not only is more processing required to detect peaks in the outputs of multiple linear filters, but choosing a winner among them is an error prone task. On the other hand, all channels in a QCF work together to optimize the same performance metric and produce a combined output that leads to considerable simplification of the postprocessing scheme. In addition, QCFs also yield better performance than their linear counterparts for comparable throughput requirements. Two different methods for designing basis functions that optimize the QCF performance criterion are presented. An efficient architecture for implementing QCFs is discussed along with a case study of the proposed approach for detecting targets in LADAR imagery. C1 Lockheed Martin, Missiles & Fire Control, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, Image & Signal Proc Branch,Sensor & Signals Sci D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Lockheed Martin, Missiles & Fire Control, MP 450,5600 Sandlake Rd, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 837 EP 850 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1337458 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 867ZW UT WOS:000224882600006 ER PT J AU Hespanha, JM Yakimenko, OA Kaminer, II Pascoal, AM AF Hespanha, JM Yakimenko, OA Kaminer, II Pascoal, AM TI Linear parametrically varying systems with brief instabilities: An application.to vision/inertial navigation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SWITCHED SYSTEMS; STABILITY AB This paper addresses the problem of nonlinear filter design to estimate the relative position and velocity of an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) with respect to a point on a ship using infrared (IR) vision, inertial, and air data sensors. Sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of a particular type of complementary filters with guaranteed stability and performance in the presence of so-called out-of-frame events that arise when the vision system loses its target temporarily. The results obtained build upon new developments in the theory of linear parametrically varying systems (LPVs) with brief instabilities-also reported in the paper-and provide the proper framework to deal with out-of-frame events. Field tests with a prototype UAV illustrate the performance of the filter and the scope of applications of the new theory developed. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Super Tecn, Dept Elect Engn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Super Tecn, Inst Syst & Robot, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Hespanha, Joao/C-2569-2008; OI Hespanha, Joao/0000-0003-2809-4718; PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 14 TC 30 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 889 EP 902 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1337462 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 867ZW UT WOS:000224882600010 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Blunt, SD Picciolo, ML AF Gerlach, K Blunt, SD Picciolo, ML TI Robust adaptive matched filtering using the FRACTA algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COVARIANCE-MATRIX; CANCELER AB An effective method is developed for selecting sample snapshots for the training data used to compute the adaptive weights for an adaptive match filter (AMF); specifically a space/time adaptive processing (STAP) airborne radar configuration is considered. In addition, a new systematic robust adaptive algorithm is presented and evaluated against interference scenarios consisting of jamming, nonhomogeneous airborne clutter (generated by the Research Laboratory STAP (RLSTAP) or knowledge-aided sensor signal processing and expert reasoning (KASSPER) high-fidelity clutter models or using the multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) clutter data base), internal system noise, and outliers (which could take the form of targets themselves). The new algorithm arises from empirical studies of several combinations of performance metrics and processing configurations. For culling the training data, the generalized inner product (GIP) and adaptive power residue (APR) are examined. In addition two types of data processing methodsare considered and evaluated: sliding window processing (SWP) and concurrent block processing (CBP). For SWP, a distinct adaptive weight is calculated for each cell-under-test (CUT) in a contiguous set of range cells. For one configuration of CBP, two distinct weights are calculated for a contiguous set of CUTs. For the CBP, the CUTs are in the initial training data and there are no guard cells associated with the CUT as there would be for SWP. Initial studies indicate that the combination of using the fast maximum likelihood (FML) algorithm, reiterative censoring, the APR metric, CBP, the two-weight method, and the adaptive coherence estimation (ACE) metric (we call this the FRACTA algorithm) provides a basis for effective detection of targets in nonhomogeneous interference. For the KASSPER data, FRACTA detects 154 out of 268 targets with one false alarm (P-F approximate to 3 x 10(-5)) whereas the FML algorithm with SWP detects 11 with one false alarm. The clarvoyant processor (where each range cell's covariance matrix is known) detects 192 targets with one false alarm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SAIC, Chantilly, VA USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gerlach@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 929 EP 945 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1337465 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 867ZW UT WOS:000224882600013 ER PT J AU Mitra, R Sadananda, K Feng, CR AF Mitra, R Sadananda, K Feng, CR TI Effect of microstructural parameters and Al alloying on creep behavior, threshold stress and activation volumes of molybdenum disilicides SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE molybdenum silicides; composites; ternary alloy systems; creep; grain boundaries, structure ID MOSI2 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; STEADY-STATE; TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITES; ADDITIONS AB Creep behavior of several molybdenum disilicides, with varying grain sizes, silica content, SiC reinforcement, or Al additions has been studied at 1200 degreesC, and compared with the deformation behavior at constant strain rates. The effect of grain size on creep rate supercedes all other factors. A high silica content is less deleterious at coarser grain sizes in the dislocation creep range. In addition, 20 vol% SiC reinforcement of MoSi2 can enhance creep strength, if grain size remains coarse. Furthermore, Al addition has been found to be beneficial up to a critical concentration, which helps in the removal of silica at grain boundaries, while retaining the tetragonal structure of MoSi2. threshold stress for creep can arise due to the build up of internal stresses at second phase particles or dislocation networks. These stresses inhibit further movement of dislocations. The activation volume was found to vary between 27b(3) and 2b(3) with applied stress, where b is the Burgers vector. This implies that the rate controlling creep mechanism can be overcoming glide type of barrier (say, Peierls stress) at low stresses, and dislocation climb at higher stresses. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sadananda@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 827 EP 836 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.033 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900022 ER PT J AU Yost, DS AF Yost, DS TI The US Nuclear Posture Review and the NATO allies SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Inst Peace, Jennings Randolph Program Int Peace, Washington, DC USA. RP Yost, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 80 IS 4 BP 705 EP 729 DI 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00412.x PG 25 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 837TF UT WOS:000222662500008 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Feuillade, C AF Jordan, PM Feuillade, C TI On the propagation of harmonic acoustic waves in bubbly liquids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic waves; bubbly liquids; Stokes' second problem ID AIR BUBBLES; EQUATIONS; ATTENUATION; MIXTURES; FLUIDS; FLOWS; WATER; SOUND AB The propagation of harmonic acoustic waves in a half-space (i.e., x > 0) filled with a viscous, isothermal bubbly liquid is studied. The exact solution to this problem, which corresponds to the compressible Stokes' second problem for the van Wijngaarden-Eringen equation, is obtained and an in-depth analytical and numerical investigation is carried out. Specifically, high- and low-frequency asymptotic results are given for the attenuation coefficient, the wave number, as well as several other propagation parameters, and special/ limiting cases are noted. In addition, general features of the solution are illustrated via numerical computations. Most significantly, the analysis shows the following: (i) the attenuation coefficient and wave number are equal at the natural bubble frequency; (ii) the bubbly liquid exhibits anomalous dispersion; (iii) for high-frequencies, there exists a layer adjacent to x = 0 that oscillates virtually in phase with the boundary (driving) motion; (iv) for low-frequencies, there exists a layer adjacent to x = 0 that is essentially transparent to harmonic waves; (v) the penetration depth exhibits an absolute minimum. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 11-12 BP 1119 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2003.12.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 842YS UT WOS:000223041200002 ER PT J AU Beaubouef, T Ladner, R Petry, F AF Beaubouef, T Ladner, R Petry, F TI Rough set spatial data modeling for data mining SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2002) CY MAY, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI AB Uncertainty management is necessary for real world applications, especially those used with data mining. The Region Connection Calculus (RCC) and egg-yolk methods have proven useful for the representation of vague regions in spatial data. Rough set theory has been shown to be an effective tool for data mining and for uncertainty management in databases. In this study we use a rough set foundation for expressing topological relationships previously defined for the RCC and egg-yolk methods and show that rough sets can improve on the representation of topological relationships and concepts defined with the other models, which leads to improved mining of spatial data. Finally, we provide an extension of spatial association rule generation that will be able to use rough set-modeled spatial data. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. USN, Res Lab Mapping Charting & Geodesy, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM tbeaubouef@selu.edu; rladner@nrlss.navy.mil; fpetry@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-8173 EI 1098-111X J9 INT J INTELL SYST JI Int. J. Intell. Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 567 EP 584 DI 10.1002/int.20019 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 831AC UT WOS:000222164300002 ER PT J AU Menasalvas, E Millan, S Pena, JM Hadjimichael, M Maran, O AF Menasalvas, E Millan, S Pena, JM Hadjimichael, M Maran, O TI Subsessions: A granular approach to click path analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2002) CY MAY, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI ID WEB; EFFICIENT AB The fiercely competitive web-based electronic commerce (e-commerce) environment has made necessary the application of intelligent methods to gather and analyze information collected from consumer web sessions. Knowledge about user behavior and session goals can be discovered from the information gathered about user activities, as tracked by web clicks. Most current approaches to customer behavior analysis study the user session by examining each web page access. However, the abstraction of subsessions provides a more granular view of user activity. Here, we propose a method of increasing the granularity of the user session analysis by isolating useful subsessions within sessions. Each subsession represents a high-level user activity such as performing a purchase or searching for a particular type of information. Given a set of previously identified subsessions, we can determine at which point the user begins a preidentified subsession by tracking user clicks. With this information we can (1) optimize the user experience by precaching pages or (2) provide an adaptive user experience by presenting pages according to our estimation of the user's ultimate goal. To identify subsessions, we present an algorithm to compute frequent click paths from which subsessions then can be isolated. The algorithm functions by scanning all user sessions and extracting all frequent subpaths by using a distance function to determining subpath similarity. Each frequent subpath represents a subsession. An analysis of the pages represented by the subsession provides additional information about semantically related activities commonly performed by users. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, DLSIIS Fac Informat, E-28660 Madrid, Spain. Univ Valle, Cali 25360, Colombia. Univ Politecn Madrid, Fac Informat, DATSI, E-28660 Madrid, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Informat, Madrid 28911, Spain. RP Univ Politecn Madrid, DLSIIS Fac Informat, Campus Montegancedo, E-28660 Madrid, Spain. EM emenasalvas@fi.upm.es; millan@eisc.univalle.edu.co; jmpena@fi.upm.es; hadjimic@nrlmry.navy.mil; omarban@inf.uc3m.es OI Marban, Oscar/0000-0002-2465-1778; menasalvas, ernestina/0000-0002-5615-6798 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-8173 EI 1098-111X J9 INT J INTELL SYST JI Int. J. Intell. Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 619 EP 637 DI 10.1002/int.20014 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 831AC UT WOS:000222164300005 ER PT J AU Batch, LE Schulz, CR Linden, KG AF Batch, LE Schulz, CR Linden, KG TI Evaluting water qualify effects on UV disinfection of MS2 coliphage SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BENCH-SCALE; INACTIVATION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; BACTERIOPHAGE; IRRADIATION; LIGHT; ACID AB Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is being considered for inactivation of pathogens in filtered surface waters across North America. MS2 coliphage is the most commonly used test microbe for UV reactor validation in North America, and the development of UV dose-response data for MS2 at bench scale is an integral part of validation testing. This research evaluated the effect of water quality (e.g., turbidity, particle count, particle size, and absorbance) and sample depth on inactivation of MS2 coliphage in 17 filtered waters. In addition, the inactivation performance of low-pressure (LP) and medium-pressure (MP) lamp types was compared. Results indicated that turbidity, particle count, and absorbance, when factored into the bench-scale dose measurement, did not affect UV inactivation of MS2 coliphage in filtered waters meeting federal regulations. UV light from MP lamps appeared more effective than LP UV for inactivating MS2. These results suggest that water quality should not be considered a major factor in properly designed UV bench-scale tests or in reactor validation challenges that use inactivation kinetics of MS2 coliphage as a dose-measurement tool in filtered surface waters. C1 CDM Inc, Denver, CO USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Batch, LE (reprint author), USN, NAVFAC, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM kglinden@duke.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 96 IS 7 BP 75 EP 87 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 839UZ UT WOS:000222811700016 ER PT J AU Paris, AC Bonner, M AF Paris, AC Bonner, M TI Nonlinear model development from flight-test data for F/A-18E super hornet SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TEXAS SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Applied procedures for nonlinear aerodynamic model development and extraction from flight data for the F/A-18E Super Hornet aircraft are addressed. Parameter identification maneuver design, flight-test support technique, and aerodynamic model development are included. All-axis 3-2-1-1 maneuvers were designed to best excite the longitudinal and lateral-directional system natural frequencies of interest. The work was in support of leading edge flap degraded modes studies for the F/A-18E aircraft investigated by the Naval Air Systems Command. In this flight-test program, the effect of off-schedule, differentially frozen, leading-edge flaps was examined with the aircraft in power-approach configuration. A variety of processes was employed to develop fully nonlinear longitudinal and lateral-directional aerodynamic incremental model corrections. This effort included total aerodynamic coefficient reconstruction from flight-test data and equation error analysis for model structure development/estimation. The available data allowed for the successful extraction of incremental coefficients for aerodynamic forces and moments that resulted in an engineering simulation with increased aerodynamic fidelity in the configurations examined. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Lexington Pk, MD 20653 USA. Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Paris, AC (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Lexington Pk, MD 20653 USA. EM alfonso.paris@saic.com; michael.bonner@navy.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 692 EP 702 DI 10.2514/1.3167 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844RZ UT WOS:000223178700002 ER PT J AU Watkins, NJ Zorba, S Gao, YL AF Watkins, NJ Zorba, S Gao, YL TI Interface formation of pentacene on Al2O3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ALUMINUM; LAYER; CATHODE AB We examined the interface formed by pentacene deposition onto an Al2O3 substrate. We found that upon pentacene deposition onto Al2O3 the pentacene vacuum level aligns with that of Al2O3. We observe the immediate appearance of a measurable pentacene molecular orbital near the Fermi level upon deposition of as little as 2 Angstrom of pentacene onto the Al2O3 surface. This suggests that there are no chemical bonds at this interface. The vacuum level change at the interface dipole is found to be less than 0.25 eV, and at least part of it can be attributed to the oxygen adsorbates at the in situ prepared aluminum oxide surface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ygao@pas.rochester.edu RI Gao, Yongli/N-8392-2015 OI Gao, Yongli/0000-0001-9765-5246 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1063/1.1756211 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300067 ER PT J AU Yater, JE Shih, A Butler, JE Pehrsson, PE AF Yater, JE Shih, A Butler, JE Pehrsson, PE TI Electron transport mechanisms in thin boron-doped diamond films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; CVD DIAMOND; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; EMISSION; TRANSMISSION; AFFINITY; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Electron transmission spectroscopy is used to examine the effect of transport distance, diamond nanostructure, and electron affinity on the cold emission characteristics of thin nanocrystalline diamond films. Energy distribution and intensity measurements are taken from films having different thicknesses (similar to0.15, 2, and 4 mum) and surface properties (hydrogenated, cesiated), and two distinct transmission regimes are identified that exhibit fundamentally different characteristics. In measurements taken at sufficiently high beam energy E-o, electrons are transported through the conduction band of the diamond and emitted at a low-affinity surface, with transmission yields generally greater than 1. In this regime, the dependence on E-o results from the finite escape depth of the conduction-band electrons, which is determined to be similar to1 mum for these films based on a Monte Carlo analysis of the incident electron range. In measurements taken at lower values of E-o, electrons are generated outside of this escape range and are unable to reach the surface via conduction-band transport. In this regime, the transmission data are dominated by a much broader, low-intensity distribution, and the transmission yields are substantially lower than 1. The transmission is furthermore completely insensitive to changes in the surface properties of the diamond. Based on the nanostructure of the films, electrons are most likely transported along grain boundaries that propagate through the films. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yater, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yater@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.1063/1.1760240 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300071 ER PT J AU Bergman, L Chen, XB Morrison, JL Huso, J Purdy, AP AF Bergman, L Chen, XB Morrison, JL Huso, J Purdy, AP TI Photoluminescence dynamics in ensembles of wide-band-gap nanocrystallites and powders SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SI-DOPED GAN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; QUANTUM DOTS; EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITONIC TRANSITIONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ENERGY-GAP AB We present photoluminescence (PL) studies of GaN and ZnO nanocrystallites and powders. Our studies show that in addition to the intrinsic photoluminescence characteristics, the photoluminescence properties of the porous media are also a strong function of conditions such as ensemble size and powder density, ultraviolet-laser excitation power, and vacuum state. PL redshifts up to 120 meV were observed for GaN and ZnO crystallites and were attributed to laser heating and heat trapping in the ensemble. The electron-phonon interaction model for GaN indicated ensemble temperature similar to550 K, which is consistent with the finding obtained via high-temperature PL and Raman experiments. The PL in the vacuum state exhibited a significant redshift, similar to80 meV relative to that in air, and the PL of a dense ZnO pellet was found to resemble that of the bulk more than does a loose powder. The PL analyses indicated an excitonic emission at room temperature for both GaN and ZnO crystallites with intensity saturation occurring for large ensembles at high laser power. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bergman, L (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM Lbergman@uidaho.edu RI Chen, Xiang-Bai/B-7052-2012 NR 47 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1063/1.1759076 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300109 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Jin, N Pavlovicz, RE Berger, PR Yu, RH Fang, ZQ Thompson, PE AF Chung, SY Jin, N Pavlovicz, RE Berger, PR Yu, RH Fang, ZQ Thompson, PE TI Annealing of defect density and excess currents in Si-based tunnel diodes grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANT INTERBAND; POINT-DEFECTS; SILICON; VACANCY; TRANSISTORS; JUNCTIONS; DIVACANCY; SI(100); PHYSICS AB Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were performed in order to investigate the effects of post-growth heat treatment on deep level defects in Si layers grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy (LT-MBE) at 320 degreesC. In the LT-MBE as-grown samples, two dominant divacancy-related complex defects, of which the possible origins are suggested as P-V (E center)+V-V (0/-) and V-V (-2/-) and others, were observed in P-doped n layers. When the as-grown samples were annealed at 700, 800, and 900 degreesC for 60 s by rapid thermal annealing, the total density of defects were decreased without generating other defects and most defects were annihilated at 900 degreesC. This study also compared the DLTS trends with performance of Si-based resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITDs) in terms of peak current density, valley current density, and peak-to-valley current ratio, which are closely related to the deep-level defects. The active regions of the RITDs were grown at the same substrate growth temperature and annealed at similar temperatures used in this DLTS study. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pberger@ieee.org RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.1063/1.1755436 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300119 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Gould, RW Cayula, JF McBride, WE Blaha, JP Rowley, C AF Keen, TR Gould, RW Cayula, JF McBride, WE Blaha, JP Rowley, C TI A simple method of deriving three-dimensional temperature fields using remotely sensed and in situ data for application to numerical hydrodynamic models of estuaries and bays SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GULF-STREAM REGION; OF-MEXICO; CURRENTS; IMPACT; OCEAN AB This paper describes the subjective interpolation method (SIM) for generating three-dimensional temperature distributions from remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) fields. SIM incorporates MATLAB-based cloud removal software and a method of generating synthetic temperature profiles based on observations. This approach depends on the human facility for recognizing patterns in complex images. Three-dimensional temperature fields produced by SIM are compared to analogous fields based on optimal interpolation (OI) methods by using temperature fields interpolated by the two methods to initialize a baroclinic coastal ocean circulation model. The initial SST surface fields from both methods have a bias of less than -0.5degreesC and rms errors of less than 1.5degreesC. After running for 48 h, the bias and rms errors for the OI simulations are 0.3degrees and 1.2degreesC, respectively, whereas the same errors for the SIM run are 0.7degrees and 0.9degreesC. The OI and SIM approaches can be combined to allow preprocessing of SST data in three steps: 1) bad pixels can be marked by a human user (quality control), 2) automated OI methods can be used to produce valid SST fields based on available reference data, and 3) the SST field can be projected into the water column using a combination of observed and synthetic profiles. C1 USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM keen@nrlssc.navy.mil OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1044 EP 1058 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1044:ASMODT>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835CT UT WOS:000222458300007 ER PT J AU Dao, KD Solomon, DJ Shin, AY Puckett, ML AF Dao, KD Solomon, DJ Shin, AY Puckett, ML TI The efficacy of ultrasound in the evaluation of dynamic scapholunate ligamentous instability SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID INTEROSSEOUS LIGAMENT; WRIST; ANATOMY AB Background: The accuracy of diagnostic imaging modalities that are currently used to evaluate dynamic scapholunate ligamentous instability is equivocal. Ultrasound is commonly used for a wide variety of diagnostic purposes in orthopaedics. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of dynamic scapholunate ligamentous instability. Methods: Two groups of individuals were prospectively studied. Group A included patients with a clinical diagnosis of unilateral dynamic scapholunate ligamentous instability, and Group B included asymptomatic volunteer control subjects. Dynamic ultrasound examinations of the dorsal portion of the scapholunate ligament in both wrists of all individuals were performed by radiologists. The radiologists were blinded with regard to the group to which each person belonged as well as with regard to the affected wrist in the patients in Group A. Arthroscopic examinations of the affected wrist in all of the patients in Group A were then performed by surgeons who were blinded with regard to the results of the ultrasound examination, and the results of the arthroscopic and ultrasound examinations were compared. The ability of ultrasound to discern asymptomatic from symptomatic individuals was also determined. Results: Over a period of 1.5 years, a total of sixty-four wrists were evaluated in fourteen patients (Group A) and eighteen normal subjects (Group B). All fourteen nonaffected wrists in Group A and all thirty-six wrists in Group B were correctly identified as normal with use of ultrasound. Of the fourteen affected wrists in Group A, thirteen were found to have scapholunate ligament laxity on the basis of arthroscopy (twelve wrists) or arthrotomy (one wrist); six of these thirteen wrists had been correctly identified as abnormal with use of ultrasound (a true-positive result), and seven had false-negative results. There was one true-negative result. The ability of ultrasound to differentiate between normal and abnormal wrists was significant (p < 0.001). For the sixty-four wrists, statistical analysis revealed that ultrasound had a sensitivity of 46.2%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 89.1%. Conclusions: We conclude that ultrasound has a high specificity and accuracy but a low sensitivity for the evaluation of dynamic scapholunate ligamentous instability, and we recommend its use as an adjunct to other diagnostic modalities for this purpose. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic study, Level IV-1 (case-control study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Hand Surg, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Dao, KD (reprint author), 14501 Magnolia Ave,Suite 104, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. EM daokd@yahoo.com OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 86A IS 7 BP 1473 EP 1478 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 835IK UT WOS:000222475900016 PM 15252095 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Vora, GJ Thach, D Walter, E Metzgar, D Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA AF Lin, BC Vora, GJ Thach, D Walter, E Metzgar, D Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA TI Use of oligonucleotide microarrays for rapid detection and serotyping of acute respiratory disease-associated adenoviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; VIRUS-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; TYPE-4 INFECTION; LARGE EPIDEMIC; GENERAL PCR; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; DIAGNOSIS AB The cessation of the adenovirus vaccination program for military trainees has resulted in several recent acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks. In the absence of vaccination, rapid detection methods are necessary for the timely implementation of measures to prevent adenovirus transmission within military training facilities. To this end, we have combined a fluorogenic real-time multiplex PCR assay with four sets of degenerate PCR primers that target the E1A, fiber, and hexon genes with a long oligonucleotide microarray capable of identifying the most common adenovirus serotypes associated with adult respiratory tract infections (serotypes 3, 4, 7, 16, and 21) and a representative member of adenovirus subgroup C (serotype 6) that is a common cause of childhood ARD and that often persists into adulthood. Analyses with prototype strains demonstrated unique hybridization patterns for representative members of adenovirus subgroups B-1, B-2, C-1, and E, thus allowing serotype determination. Microarray-based sensitivity assessments revealed lower detection limits (between I and 100 genomic copies) for adenovirus serotype 4 (Ad4) and Ad7 cell culture lysates, clinical nasal washes, and throat swabs and purified DNA from clinical samples. When adenovirus was detected from coded clinical samples, the results obtained by this approach demonstrated an excellent concordance with those obtained by the more established method of adenovirus identification as well as by cell culture with fluorescent-antibody staining. Finally, the utility of this method was further supported by its ability to detect adenoviral coinfections, contamination, and, potentially, recombination events. Taken together, the results demonstrate the usefulness of the simple and rapid diagnostic method developed for the unequivocal identification of ARD-associated adenoviral serotypes from laboratory or clinical samples that can be completed in 1.5 to 4.0 h. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, SGX, Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Consortium, Falls Church, VA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 37 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 3232 EP 3239 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3232-3239.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837WN UT WOS:000222672100056 PM 15243087 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Vora, GJ Stenger, DA AF Wang, Z Vora, GJ Stenger, DA TI Detection and genotyping of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum by oligonucleotide microarray SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ASSAY; DNA MICROARRAY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIFFERENT HOSTS; WATER SAMPLES; FECAL SAMPLES; RFLP ANALYSIS; HUMAN FECES AB Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parpum are the most frequently identified protozoan parasites causing waterborne disease outbreaks. The morbidity and mortality associated with these intestinal parasitic infections warrant the development of rapid and accurate detection and genotyping methods to aid public health efforts aimed at preventing and controlling outbreaks. In this study, we describe the development of an oligonucleotide microarray capable of detecting and discriminating between E. histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, G. lamblia assemblages A and B, and C parpum types I and 2 in a single assay. Unique hybridization patterns for each selected protozoan were generated by amplifying six to eight diagnostic sequences/organism by multiplex PCR; fluorescent labeling of the amplicons via primer extension; and subsequent hybridization to a set of genus-, species-, and subtype-specific covalently immobilized oligonucleotide probes. The profile-based specificity of this methodology not only permitted for the unequivocal identification of the six targeted species and subtypes, but also demonstrated its potential in identifying related species such as Cryptosporidium meleagridis and Cryptosporidium muris. In addition, sensitivity assays demonstrated lower detection limits of five trophozoites of G. lamblia. Taken together, the specificity and sensitivity of the microarray-based approach suggest that this methodology may provide a promising tool to detect and genotype protozoa from clinical and environmental samples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zwang@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 48 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 3262 EP 3271 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3262-3271.2004 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837WN UT WOS:000222672100060 PM 15243091 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, DW Heikes, BG Snow, J Burrow, P Avery, M Blake, DR Sachse, GW Talbot, RW Thornton, DC Bandy, AR AF O'Sullivan, DW Heikes, BG Snow, J Burrow, P Avery, M Blake, DR Sachse, GW Talbot, RW Thornton, DC Bandy, AR TI Long-term and seasonal variations in the levels of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and selected compounds over the Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE peroxides; distributions; troposphere ID PEM-WEST-B; ASIAN CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; AIR-MASS CHARACTERISTICS; EXPLORATORY MISSION; GAS-PHASE; NORTH PACIFIC; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ORGANIC HYDROPEROXIDES; TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; SOUTH-PACIFIC AB [1] The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment program has conducted five sampling programs examining the Pacific troposphere from 1991 to 2001. Flights on two aircraft, a P3-B and DC-8, sampled the Pacific troposphere at altitudes from 0.5 km to 13 km and from 130 degreesE to 115 degreesW and from 65 degreesN to 70 degreesS. Long-term trends in the observed species mixing ratios in different geographic regions are presented. Changes in species mixing ratios are discussed with respect to changes in source, transport, and photochemical production and loss processes over the decade study period. CH4 and CO2 exhibited average annual mixing ratio increases of 6.39 ppbv yr(-1) and 1.92 ppmv yr(-1), respectively. O-3, CO, and NO all exhibit significantly higher mixing ratios in the north Pacific troposphere in the spring than in the fall. However, there is no clear annual trend for these species. H2O2 mixing ratios were 38 +/- 16% higher (Delta(fall - spring) 258 +/- 34 pptv), and CH3OOH was 61 +/- 15% higher (Delta343 +/- 76 pptv) throughout the Pacific troposphere in the fall than in the spring. During 2001, SO2 loading in the North Pacific is 2 - 3 times larger than during earlier years. Anthropogenic tracer gases, C2H6, C3H8, C2H2, and C2Cl4, do not exhibit comparable increases in their average mixing ratios during the decade study period. CH3I, a tracer for oceanic emission, also does not exhibit an increase in 2001. Sulfur loading characterized by SO2 also does not exhibit a clear annual trend. The enhanced sulfur loading during 2001 appears to have resulted in a suppression of H2O2 mixing ratios in the lower troposphere throughout the midlatitude North Pacific. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NASA, Div Atmospher Sci, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM osulliva@usna.edu OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15S13 DI 10.1029/2003JD003689 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839JQ UT WOS:000222780600001 ER PT J AU MacMahan, JH Reniers, AJHM Thornton, EB Stanton, TP AF MacMahan, JH Reniers, AJHM Thornton, EB Stanton, TP TI Surf zone eddies coupled with rip current morphology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE rip currents; surf zone; nearshore; eddies; circulation; waves ID MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; CURRENT SYSTEM; NEARSHORE CIRCULATION; SHEAR INSTABILITIES; ENERGY; DYNAMICS; BEACHES; WAVES; MOTION AB [1] Energetic very low frequency (VLF; frequencies < 0.004 Hz) surf zone eddies (SZEs) were observed on a beach composed of shore-connected shoals with quasi-periodic ( similar to 125 m) incised rip channels at Sand City, Monterey Bay, California. Incident waves consisted of predominantly shore-normal narrow-banded swell waves. SZEs were located outside the gravity region in alongshore wave number, k(y), spaced within the VLF band, and did not appear to exist in higher-frequency bands. The SZEs were significant (U-rms, VLF similar to 0.25 m/s) and constant in intensity within the surf zone (shore-connected shoals and rip channels) and rapidly decreased offshore. The alongshore and cross-shore SZE velocity variances were similar in magnitude. VLF SZE velocities were not forced by VLF surface elevations and were not well correlated with rip current flows (r(2) = 0.18). There is an indication that the SZEs were related to wave forcing, with the SZEs statistically correlated with incoming sea-swell wave height ( r(2) = 0.49). F-k(y) spectral estimates illustrate a strong relationship between rip channel spacing and SZE cross-shore velocities (k(y) = +/- 0.008 m(-1)) and minimal SZE alongshore velocity variation (k(y) = 0 m(-1)). Data analysis suggests that the SZEs are not simply instabilities of an unstable rip current jet. A simple conceptual model suggests that SZE f-k(y) spectra can be explained by the entire rip current circulation cells oscillating predominantly in the cross shore and slightly in the alongshore. C1 USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 CN Delft ZH, Netherlands. RP MacMahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jhmacmah@nps.edu NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C7 AR C07004 DI 10.1029/2003JC002083 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839JV UT WOS:000222781100004 ER PT J AU Romano, M Agrawal, BN AF Romano, M Agrawal, BN TI Attitude dynamics/control of dual-body spacecraft with variable-speed control moment gyros SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID RELAY MIRROR SPACECRAFT; TRACKING AB The dynamics equations of a spacecraft consisting of two bodies mutually rotating around a common gimbal axis are derived by the use of the Newton-Euler approach. One of the bodies contains a cluster of single-gimbal variable-speed control moment gyros. The equations include all of the inertia terms and are written in a general form, valid for any cluster configurations and any number of actuators in the cluster. A guidance algorithm has been developed under the assumtion that the two bodies of the spacecraft are optically coupled telescopes that relay laser signals. The reference maneuver is found by the imposition of the connectivity between the source and the target on the ground. A new nonlinear control law is designed for the spacecraft attitude and joint rotation by the use of Lyapunov's direct method. An acceleration-based steering law is used for the variable-speed control moment gyros. The analytical results are tested by numerical simulations conducted for both regulation and tracking cases. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Romano, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Romano, Marcello/C-7972-2013 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 4 BP 513 EP 525 DI 10.2514/1.2564 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 840RU UT WOS:000222877900001 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, BT Dao, KD Shin, AY AF Fitzgerald, BT Dao, KD Shin, AY TI Functional outcomes in young, active duty, military personnel after submuscular ulnar nerve transposition SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE cubital tunnel; outcome; submuscular; transposition; young ID CUBITAL TUNNEL-SYNDROME; ELBOW; COMPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; NEUROPATHY AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report on the results of submuscular ulnar nerve transposition (SMUNT) for treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome in a young, active duty, military population. Methods: Twenty patients (20 extremities) were evaluated retrospectively a minimum of 12 months after surgery. Outcome analyses were performed using the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Bishop-Kleinman rating scales, physical examination, return-to-work analysis, evaluation of complication rate, and overall patient satisfaction. Results: At an average follow-up evaluation of 24 months (range, 12-38 mo), 19 patients had returned to full military active duty work status. The average duration of limited work capacity after surgery was 4.8 months (range, 3-7 mo). The DASH scores improved from an average of 32.5 points before surgery to 6.2 points after surgery. In 19 patients the functional outcome evaluated with the Bishop-Kleinman rating system was excellent. There were no poor outcomes using this rating score. Statistically significant improvements in both key pinch and grip strength were noted. Complications included one permanent and 2 transient neuropraxias of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Overall 19 of 20 patients were satisfied with the procedure and would have the surgery again if required. Conclusions: Submuscular ulnar nerve transposition for cubital tunnel syndrome provides a reliable rate of return to full active duty work in military personnel with good patient satisfaction and minimal complications. Copyright (C) 2004 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand Surg, Rochester, MN USA. RP Fitzgerald, BT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 29A IS 4 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.jhsa.2004.04.011 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 839VD UT WOS:000222812100011 PM 15249085 ER PT J AU Sanford, S Voura, E Jaiswal, J Mattoussi, H AF Sanford, S Voura, E Jaiswal, J Mattoussi, H TI Spectral imaging of quantum dots in mice SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry CY JUL 24-29, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP Histochem Soc C1 Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 52 SU 1 BP S19 EP S19 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 833QI UT WOS:000222352900075 ER PT J AU Vego, M AF Vego, M TI Partisan War in Yugoslavia 1941-1944 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 994 EP 996 DI 10.1353/jmh.2004.0156 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 834QW UT WOS:000222426600053 ER PT J AU Stolfi, RHS AF Stolfi, RHS TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Stolfi, RHS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1058 EP 1059 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 834QW UT WOS:000222426600079 ER PT J AU Royset, JO Polak, E AF Royset, JO Polak, E TI Implementable algorithm for stochastic optimization using sample average approximations SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE stochastic optimization; sample average approximations; Monte Carlo simulations; reliability-based optimal designs ID PROGRAMS; RECOURSE; DESIGN AB We develop an implementable algorithm for stochastic optimization problems involving probability functions. Such problems arise in the design of structural and mechanical systems. The algorithm consists of a nonlinear optimization algorithm applied to sample average approximations and a precision-adjustment rule. The sample average approximations are constructed using Monte Carlo simulations or importance sampling techniques. We prove that the algorithm converges to a solution with probability one and illustrate its use by an example involving a reliability-based optimal design. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Royset, JO (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 122 IS 1 BP 157 EP 184 DI 10.1023/B:JOTA.0000041734.06199.71 PG 28 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 854PX UT WOS:000223916900007 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Roland, CM AF Robertson, CG Roland, CM TI Local segmental relaxation in bidisperse polystyrenes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polystyrene; segmental relaxation; bidisperse blends; fragility; glass transition; cyclic polymer; glass-transition temperature ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYSTYRENE; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLEND; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; CYCLIC POLYSTYRENE; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS AB Dynamic mechanical results are reported for segmental relaxation of monodisperse polystyrenes (PSs) with molecular weights of 0.7, 3, 18, and 104 kg/mol and bidisperse PSs created from blending pairs of these materials. The data for the monodisperse polymers confirm previous findings; namely, there is an increase in the glass-transition temperature normalized temperature dependence of the segmental relaxation times (fragility) with increasing molecular weight, along with a breakdown of the correlation between the fragility and the breadth of the relaxation function. For both the monodisperse and bidisperse PSs, the glass-transition temperature is a single function of the average number of chain ends, independent of the nature of the molecular weight distribution. It is also found that these materials exhibit fragilities that uniquely depend on the number-average molecular weight, that is, on the concentration of chain ends. In blends with linear PS, cyclic PS with a low molecular weight behaves as a high polymer, similar to its neat behavior, reflecting the overriding importance of chain ends. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 13 BP 2604 EP 2611 DI 10.1002/polb.20127 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 830LX UT WOS:000222124700018 ER PT J AU Heredia-Langner, A Montgomery, DC Carlyle, WM Borror, CM AF Heredia-Langner, A Montgomery, DC Carlyle, WM Borror, CM TI Model-robust optimal designs: A genetic algorithm approach SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computer generated designs; multiobjective optimization; response surface methodology ID REGRESSION; CONSTRUCTION AB A model-robust design is an experimental array that has high efficiency with respect to a particular optimization criterion for every member of a set of candidate models that are of interest to the experimenter. We present a technique to construct model-robust alphabetically-optimal designs using genetic algorithms. The technique is useful in situations where computer-generated designs are most likely to be employed, particularly experiments with mixtures and response surface experiments in constrained regions. Examples illustrating the procedure are provided. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Heredia-Langner, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Alejandro.Heredia-Langner@pnl.gov; doug.montgomery@asu.edu; mcarlyle@nps.navy.mil NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 263 EP 279 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 836BD UT WOS:000222528800002 ER PT J AU Trask, AJ Coverstone, VL AF Trask, AJ Coverstone, VL TI Optimal low-thrust trajectories combined with an aeroassist maneuver SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PLANE CHANGE; ORBITAL TRANSFER; OPTIMIZATION AB Various optimal powered aeroassisted orbit transfers using solar electric propulsion are presented. These trajectories use a combination of solar electric propulsion and controlled atmospheric perturbations. Single revolution coplanar and plane change trajectories are considered. The objective of the coplanar trajectory is to circularize the orbit, and the objective of the plane change trajectory is to maximize the reduction in orbital inclination. Optimal trajectories are presented for both cases to show the benefits of combining atmospheric perturbations and solar electric propulsion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Talbot Lab 306, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Trask, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.2514/1.2582 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844WC UT WOS:000223190800020 ER PT J AU Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Houston, BH Kugel, JL Rossman, PJ Grimm, RC Ehman, RL AF Romano, AJ Bucaro, JA Houston, BH Kugel, JL Rossman, PJ Grimm, RC Ehman, RL TI On the feasibility of elastic wave visualization within polymeric solids using magnetic resonance elastography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC STRAIN WAVES; SONOELASTICITY; TISSUE; RECONSTRUCTION; DISPLACEMENT; ULTRASOUND; CANCER; IMAGES; MRI AB In this paper, the feasibility of extending previously described magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) dynamic displacement (and associated elasticity) measurement techniques, currently used successfully in tissue, to solid materials which have much higher shear rigidity and much lower nuclear spin densities, is considered. Based on these considerations, the MIZE technique is modified in a straightforward manner and used to directly visualize shear wave displacements within two polymeric materials, one of which is relatively stiff. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Romano, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM romano@pa.nrl.navy.mil FU NCI NIH HHS [CA91959]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB001981] NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 116 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1121/1.1738841 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 837XN UT WOS:000222674800012 PM 15295972 ER PT J AU Yang, M Chopra, I Haas, DJ AF Yang, M Chopra, I Haas, DJ TI Sensitivity of rotor-fault-induced vibrations to operational and design parameters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY JUN 11-13, 2002 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Amer Helicopter Soc ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; DAMAGE AB A coupled rotor-fuselage vibration analysis is carried out to study the sensitivity of fuselage vibration induced by rotor system faults to operational and design parameters such as aircraft configuration, aircraft gross weight, aircraft center of gravity location, airspeed and fuselage natural modes. Predicted airframe vibration results for an SH-60 helicopter with prescribed faults are presented and compared with flight test data. Three types of rotor system faults are considered: imbalanced mass, misadjusted pitch-control rod and misadjusted trim-tab. Results show that the first fuselage lateral mode has the largest effect on 1/rev fuselage roll vibration and that the first fuselage vertical mode has the largest contribution to the fuselage vertical vibration among all the elastic airframe modes. In addition, the analytical results show that in some cases the fuselage vibrations induced by rotor system faults can be sensitive to changes in aircraft configuration and operational parameters that may be overlooked during routine collection of rotor track and balance data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Marine & Aviat Dept, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Yang, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 328 EP 339 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844EJ UT WOS:000223139900008 ER PT J AU Lusardi, JA Tischler, MB Blanken, CL Labows, SJ AF Lusardi, JA Tischler, MB Blanken, CL Labows, SJ TI Empirically derived helicopter response model and control system requirements for flight in turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY MAY 02-04, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Flight test data from a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter in turbulent conditions were used to determine control system disturbance rejection criteria and to develop a low speed turbulence model for helicopter simulation. A system identification approach to modeling the aircraft response to turbulence was used to extract representative control inputs that accurately replicate the aircraft response to disturbances. Parametric turbulence models that have a Dryden-type form and are scalable for varying levels of turbulence were developed. Estimates of flight control bandwidth for precision hover in turbulence were determined to support disturbance rejection flight control design and handling qualities criteria. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Rotorcraft Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lusardi, JA (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Rotorcraft Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 340 EP 349 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844EJ UT WOS:000223139900009 ER PT J AU Berry, MM Healy, LM AF Berry, MM Healy, LM TI Implementation of Gauss-Jackson integration for orbit propagation SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The Gauss-Jackson multi-step predictor-corrector method is widely used in numerical integration problems for astrodynamics and dynamical astronomy. The U.S. space surveillance centers have used an eighth-order Gauss-Jackson algorithm since the 1960s. In this paper, we explain the algorithm including a derivation from first principals and its relation to other multi-step integration methods. We also study its applicability to satellite orbits including its accuracy and stability. C1 Analyt Graph Inc, Exton, PA 19341 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Berry, MM (reprint author), Analyt Graph Inc, 220 Valley Creek Blvd, Exton, PA 19341 USA. EM mberry@agi.com; Liam.Healy@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 331 EP 357 PG 27 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 931WA UT WOS:000229515000003 ER PT J AU Cheng, AN Xu, KM Golaz, JC AF Cheng, AN Xu, KM Golaz, JC TI The liquid water oscillation in Modeling boundary layer cumuli with third-order turbulence closure models SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PDF-BASED MODEL; EXPLICIT SIMULATION; PART I; CLOUDS; ENSEMBLES; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION AB A hierarchy of third-order turbulence closure models are used to simulate boundary layer cumuli in this study. An unrealistically strong liquid water oscillation (LWO) is found in the fully prognostic model, which predicts all third moments. The LWO propagates from cloud base to cloud top with a speed of 1 m s(-1). The period of the oscillation is about 1000 s. Liquid water buoyancy (LWB) terms in the third-moment equations contribute to the LWO. The LWO mainly affects the vertical profiles of cloud fraction, mean liquid water mixing ratio, and the fluxes of liquid water potential temperature and total water, but has less impact on the vertical profiles of other second and third moments. In order to minimize the LWO, a moderately large diffusion coefficient and a large turbulent dissipation at its originating level are needed. However, this approach distorts the vertical distributions of cloud fraction and liquid water mixing ratio. A better approach is to parameterize LWB more reasonably. A minimally prognostic model, which diagnoses all third moments except for the vertical velocity, is shown to produce better results, compared to a fully prognostic model. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Monterey, CA USA. RP Cheng, AN (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM a.cheng@larc.nasa.gov RI Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 13 BP 1621 EP 1629 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1621:TLWOIM>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835CV UT WOS:000222458500011 ER PT J AU Aldous, M AF Aldous, M TI Introduction to reference work in the digital age SO JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Wilkins Biomed Lib, San Diego, CA USA. RP Aldous, M (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Wilkins Biomed Lib, San Diego, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA SN 1536-5050 J9 J MED LIBR ASSOC JI J. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 92 IS 3 BP 380 EP 380 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 836UL UT WOS:000222581200019 ER PT J AU Noller, MW Baughman, SM Morey, AF Auge, BK AF Noller, MW Baughman, SM Morey, AF Auge, BK TI Fibrin sealant enables tubeless percutaneous stone surgery SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; kidney calculi; fibrin tissue adhesive; nephrostomy; percutaneous ID RENAL SURGERY; NEPHROLITHOTOMY; COMPLICATIONS; ADHESIVE; GLUE AB Purpose: Fibrin sealant has been demonstrated to be safe and effective as a hemostatic agent and urinary tract sealant. We assessed the ability of fibrin sealant to facilitate tubeless management after uncomplicated percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: Eight consecutive patients underwent single access tubeless PCNL for renal calculi in a total of 9 renal units in a 2-month period. An additional patient with distal ureteral obstruction underwent antegrade ureteroscopy for an 8 X 8 mm distal ureteral stone. Average patient age was 47 years and mean stone size was 3.37 cm(2) (range 0.64 to 9.90). Following complete stone clearance a Double-J (Medical Engineering Corp., New York, New York) ureteral stent was placed antegrade and 2 cc HEMASEEL APR (Haemacure Corp., Sarasota, Florida) fibrin sealant was injected under nephroscopic or fluoroscopic visualization into the parenchymal defect just within the renal capsule. Preoperative and postoperative hematocrit (HCT) was determined. Computerized tomography was performed on postoperative day 1 or 2 to evaluate retained stone fragments, perinephric fluid and urinary extravasation. Results: In the 10 renal units treated via this tubeless technique no intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. Average hospital stay was 1.1 days. All patients were discharged home on postoperative day 1 except 1 undergoing asynchronous bilateral PCNL on consecutive days. The mean intraoperative change in HCT was 2.8%. There was no significant change in HCT on postoperative day 1. No patient required transfusion. Seven renal units and 1 ureteral unit had no residual stone fragments for a complete stone-free rate of 80%. No gross leakage was observed on dressings and postoperative computerized tomography failed to demonstrate urinary extravasation. Conclusions: Tubeless PCNL using fibrin sealant at the renal parenchymal defect appears to be safe and feasible. Further experience is necessary to determine the role of fibrin sealant in percutaneous renal surgery. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Auge, BK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Bldg 3,Suite 200,34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM bkauge@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 172 IS 1 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000129211.71193.28 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 830IN UT WOS:000222115700038 PM 15201763 ER PT J AU Reed, ML Reed, MJ Jagannadham, K Verghese, K Bedair, SM El-Masry, N Butler, JE AF Reed, ML Reed, MJ Jagannadham, K Verghese, K Bedair, SM El-Masry, N Butler, JE TI Electrical characterization of B-10 doped diamond irradiated with low thermal neutron fluence SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND; LAYERS; FILMS; LI AB A sample of B-10 isotope doped diamond was neutron irradiated to a thermal fluence of 1.3 x 10(19) neutron cm(-2). The diamond sample was cooled continuously during irradiation in a nuclear reactor. Li-7 is formed by nuclear transmutation reaction from B-10. Characterization for electrical conductance in the temperature range of 160 K < T < 600 K was performed on an unirradiated B-10 doped sample and the B-10 doped and irradiated sample. The unirradiated diamond sample showed p-type conductance at higher temperature (T > 200 K) and p-type surface conductance at lower temperature (T < 200 K). The irradiated sample showed decreasing conductance below 230 K and increasing conductance above 230 K with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the conductance showed a decrease above 400 K followed by an increase above 500 K. The observed behavior below 400 K with increase in temperature is interpreted in terms of compensation of surface p-type carriers by n-type bulk carriers generated from Li-7 that is formed by nuclear transmutation reaction from B-10 atoms. Also, compensation of n-type carriers from Li-7 by p-type carriers from 1013 is used to interpret the conductance above 400 K. A low concentration of radiation induced defects, absence of defect complexes, and the low activation energy of n-type Li-7 are thought responsible for the observed variation of conductance in the irradiated diamond. The present results illustrate that neutron transmutation from B-10 doped diamond is a useful method to achieve n-type conductivity in diamond. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Reed, ML (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jag_kasichainula@ncsu.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Jagannadham, Kasichainula/A-2953-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1191 EP 1194 DI 10.1116/1.1763910 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000020 ER PT J AU Firebaugh, SL Charles, HK Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Wilderson, SF AF Firebaugh, SL Charles, HK Edwards, RL Keeney, AC Wilderson, SF TI Fabrication and characterization of a capacitive micromachined shunt switch SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AVS International Symposium CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS ID RF-MEMS SWITCHES; CIRCUITS; DEVICES AB The design and fabrication of a capacitive shunt switch are described. The switch is based on a bridge structure that can be modulated using electrostatic actuation. The switch has two states: when the bridge is up the signal passes through with less than 0.1 dB insertion loss. When the bridge is down the signal is attenuated by 15-20. dB at 20 GHz. The residual stress of the bridge material is critical to operation of these switches. This stress was tightly controlled by varying the temperature of the plating bath. Different bridge widths and shapes are compared. "Bowtie" shaped bridges are demonstrated,to have increased insertion loss and similar isolation compared to straight bridges. These devices were observed to be sensitive to packaging stress, resulting in more than doubling the actuation voltage. This work also describes the development of a test fixture that facilitates standard microwave connections for testing the devices without a probe station. The test fixture was observed to have an insertion loss of less than 3 dB up to 20 GHz. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Firebaugh, SL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM firebaug@usna.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1383 EP 1387 DI 10.1116/1.1690255 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000050 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF Blackwell, DD Meger, RA AF Muratore, C Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF Blackwell, DD Meger, RA TI Effect of plasma flux, composition on the nitriding rate of stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID ION-IMPLANTATION; ELECTRON-IMPACT; LOW-TEMPERATURE; LOW-ENERGY; NITROGEN; DIAGNOSTICS; ALLOYS AB The total ion flux and nitriding rate for stainless steel specimens exposed to a modulated electron beam generated argon-nitrogen plasma were measured as a function of distance from the electron beam axis. The total ion flux decreased linearly with distance, but the nitriding rate increased under certain conditions, contrary to other ion flux/nitriding rate comparisons published in the literature. Variation in ion flux composition with distance was explored with a mass spectrometer and energy analyzer as a possible explanation for the anomalous nitriding rate response to ion flux magnitude. A transition in ion flux composition from mostly N-2(+) to predominantly N+ ions with increasing distance was observed. Significant differences in molecular and atomic nitrogen ion energy distributions at a negatively biased electrode were also measured. An explanation for nitriding rate dependence based on flux composition and magnitude is proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM cmurator@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1530 EP 1535 DI 10.1116/1.1752894 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000076 ER PT J AU Davis, AH Bussmann, K AF Davis, AH Bussmann, K TI Large magnetic field effects in organic light emitting diodes based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) (Alq(3))/IN,N '-Di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N ' diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) bilayers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AVS International Symposium CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ANTHRACENE; RECOMBINATION; ANNIHILATION; CRYSTALS; EXCITONS; LAYER AB Magnetic field effects (MFEs) in the luminescence and photoconductivity of organic crystals such as anthracene have been known since the 1960s. While engaged in a project to use spin polarized current to manipulate electroluminescence (EL) in organic light emitting diodes based on a bilayer of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) and N,N'-Di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), we observed MFE similar to those reported in anthracene. The MFE consist of an increase in EL with increasing magnetic field of a few percent for small magnetic fields, a decrease in EL of greater than 20% at high fields and an increase in conductivity, i.e., negative magnetoresistance (MR), for all magnetic fields. The high field. effect (HFE) is enhanced at lower temperatures and higher current densities and is similar to that reported for delayed luminescence in anthracene single crystals suggesting that triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) influences light emission in Alq(3). Transient EL studies were performed in an attempt to identify a delayed component for the MFE with a time scale appropriate for triplets in Alq(3), but the MFE develops at least ten times faster than that expected using a recently published triplet lifetime for Alq(3). However, the temperature and drive dependence of the HFE suggests that TTA involving triplet entities with shorter lifetimes might be responsible for the HFE. In contrast, the low field effect (LFE) is insensitive to temperature and drive conditions and exists even when the HFE does not, indicating that the LFE is caused by a separate mechanism. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, AH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM davis@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 84 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 19 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1885 EP 1891 DI 10.1116/1.1759347 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000140 ER PT J AU Colton, RJ AF Colton, RJ TI Nanoscale measurements and manipulation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Review ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DEPTH-SENSING INDENTATION; FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; LONGITUDINAL RECORDING MEDIA; MOLECULAR VIBRATION SPECTRA; JOULE EXPANSION MICROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOMETER-SCALE CONTACTS AB This review attempts to recount, from my perspective, some of the science and technology highlights (and pitfalls) that fueled the nanoscience and nanotechnology revolution-an odyssey of sort on nanoscale measurements and manipulation. Seminal papers by several pioneering groups are given special attention as well as the role played by the AVS who hosted many of the earlier conferences and published proceedings that recorded the field's early progress. This review is organized around the introduction and evolution of the various scanning probe microscopes that have revolutionized the way we study the structure and properties of surfaces. The use of these enabling tools in pursuit of more ambitious goals in nanotechnology, such as creating unique structures by manipulating individual atoms or molecules, and developing concepts in electronics, information storage, sensor technology, nanotribology, and nanomechanics, is also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rich.colton@nrl.navy.mil NR 604 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 38 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1609 EP 1635 DI 10.1116/1.1760754 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300003 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Novak, JP Lay, MD Houser, EH Perkins, FK Campbell, PM AF Snow, ES Novak, JP Lay, MD Houser, EH Perkins, FK Campbell, PM TI Carbon nanotube networks: Nanomaterial for macroelectronic applications SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-31) CY JAN 18-22, 2004 CL Kailua, HI SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, AVS, Elect Mat & Proc Div ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB We describe the properties and potential applications of an electronic material that consists of an interconnected random network of single-walled carbon nanotubes. This material possesses useful electronic properties, and it can be patterned into devices with high yield using conventional microfabrication technology. One unique aspect of this material is that every atom is a surface atom. For this reason nanotube networks form an ideal electronic material to utilize interface phenomena to engineer its properties for specific applications. We discuss two such applications: chemical sensing and macroelectronics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snow@bloch.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1990 EP 1994 DI 10.1116/1.1768185 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300061 ER PT J AU Chappel, JA Rogers, WO Hoffman, SL Kang, AS AF Chappel, JA Rogers, WO Hoffman, SL Kang, AS TI Molecular dissection of the human antibody response to the structural repeat epitope of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite from a protected donor SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATURALLY ACQUIRED ANTIBODIES; HUMAN MALARIA PARASITES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ATTENUATED SPOROZOITES; IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; VIVAX MALARIA; IMMUNITY; VACCINE AB Background: The circumsporozoite surface protein is the primary target of human antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, these antibodies are predominantly directed to the major repetitive epitope (Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala)(n), (NPNA)(n). In individuals immunized by the bites of irradiated Anopheles mosquitoes carrying P. falciparum sporozoites in their salivary glands, the anti-repeat response dominates and is thought by many to play a role in protective immunity. Methods: The antibody repertoire from a protected individual immunized by the bites of irradiated P. falciparum infected Anopheles stephensi was recapitulated in a phage display library. Following affinity based selection against (NPNA)(3) antibody fragments that recognized the PfCSP repeat epitope were rescued. Results: Analysis of selected antibody fragments implied the response was restricted to a single antibody fragment consisting of V(H)3 and VkappaI families for heavy and light chain respectively with moderate affinity for the ligand. Conclusion: The dissection of the protective antibody response against the repeat epitope revealed that the response was apparently restricted to a single V-H/V-L pairing (PfNPNA-1). The affinity for the ligand was in the muM range. If anti-repeat antibodies are involved in the protective immunity elicited by exposure to radiation attenuated P. falciparum sporozoites, then high circulating levels of antibodies against the repeat region may be more important than intrinsic high affinity for protection. The ability to attain and sustain high levels of anti-(NPNA)(n) will be one of the key determinants of efficacy for a vaccine that relies upon anti- PfCSP repeat antibodies as the primary mechanism of protective immunity against P. falciparum. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kang, AS (reprint author), Avanir Pharmaceut Inc, 11388 Sorrento Valley Rd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM brogers@noguchi.mimcom.net; slhoffman@sanaria.com; akang@avanir.com NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 3 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-3-28 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 849JY UT WOS:000223536100002 PM 15283866 ER PT J AU Gomez, D Gonzalez-Aranguena, E Manuel, C Owen, G del Pozo, M Tejada, J AF Gomez, D Gonzalez-Aranguena, E Manuel, C Owen, G del Pozo, M Tejada, J TI Splitting graphs when calculating Myerson value for pure overhead games SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE communication situations; graph-restricted game; Myerson value; pure overhead games ID THEORETIC APPROACH; SOCIAL NETWORKS; CENTRALITY AB A communication situation consists of a coalitional game and a graph, the nodes of the graph corresponding to the players of the game. To calculate the Myerson value for such situations, we obtain results which extend those well known for trees and cycle-complete graphs. On the other hand, in order to reduce the associated calculus for communication situations with a pure overhead game, the possibility of splitting the graph in several subgraphs is analyzed. For each fixed decomposition of the graph, a subspace of games compatible with this decomposition is given. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Escuela Univ Estadist, Dpto Estadist & IO 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac CC Matemat, Dpto Estadist & IO 1, Madrid, Spain. RP Gomez, D (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Escuela Univ Estadist, Dpto Estadist & IO 3, Avda Puerta Hierro S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM conrado@estad.ucm.es RI Gomez, Daniel/G-1586-2010; Tejada, Juan /L-8765-2014; Manuel, Conrado/I-1958-2015; del Pozo, Monica/I-2183-2015; Gonzalez-Aranguena, Enrique/L-8359-2014 OI Gomez, Daniel/0000-0001-9548-5781; NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, 69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1432-2994 J9 MATH METHOD OPER RES JI Math. Method Oper. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 59 IS 3 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s001860400346 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 837OX UT WOS:000222646100011 ER PT J AU Werner, R AF Werner, R TI "The golden hour" for heatstroke treatment SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Bremerton, WA USA. RP Werner, R (reprint author), USN Hosp, Bremerton, WA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 169 IS 7 BP IV EP IV PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IY UT WOS:000235830000002 PM 15291176 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Bishop, CH Julier, SJ AF Wang, XG Bishop, CH Julier, SJ TI Which is better, an ensemble of positive-negative pairs or a centered spherical simplex ensemble? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; UNSCENTED TRANSFORMATION; OPTIMAL EXCITATION; WAVES AB New methods to center the initial ensemble perturbations on the analysis are introduced and compared with the commonly used centering method of positive-negative paired perturbations. In the new method, one linearly dependent perturbation is added to a set of linearly independent initial perturbations to ensure that the sum of the new initial perturbations equals zero; the covariance calculated from the new initial perturbations is equal to the analysis error covariance estimated by the independent initial perturbations, and all of the new initial perturbations are equally likely. The new method is illustrated by applying it to the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) ensemble forecast scheme, and the resulting ensemble is called the spherical simplex ETKF ensemble. It is shown from a multidimensional Taylor expansion that the symmetric positive-negative paired centering would yield a more accurate forecast ensemble mean and covariance than the spherical simplex centering if the ensemble were large enough to span all initial uncertain directions and thus the analysis error covariance was modeled precisely. However, when the number of uncertain directions is larger than the ensemble size, the spherical simplex centering has the advantage of allowing almost twice as many uncertain directions to be spanned as the symmetric positive-negative paired centering. The performances of the spherical simplex ETKF and symmetric positive-negative paired ETKF ensembles are compared by using the Community Climate Model Version 3 (CCM3). Each ensemble contains 1 control forecast and 16 perturbed forecasts. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data for the boreal summer in 2000 are used for the initialization of the control forecast and the verifications of the ensemble forecasts. The accuracy of the ensemble means, the accuracy of predictions of forecast error variance, and the ability of the ETKF ensembles to resolve inhomogeneities in the observation distribution were all tested. In all of these test categories, the spherical simplex ETKF ensemble was found to be superior to the symmetric positive-negative paired ETKF ensemble. The computational expense for generating spherical simplex ETKF initial perturbations is about as small as that for the symmetric positive-negative paired ETKF. Also shown is that the seemingly straightforward centering method, in which centered perturbations are obtained by subtracting the average of the perturbations from each individual perturbation, is unsatisfactory because the covariance estimated by the uncentered perturbations is not necessarily conserved after centering. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM xuguang@essc.psu.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 NR 23 TC 120 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 132 IS 7 BP 1590 EP 1605 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1590:WIBAEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837CA UT WOS:000222602900004 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG Whitaker, CM Pollack, SK Schull, TL Shashidhar, R AF Kushmerick, JG Whitaker, CM Pollack, SK Schull, TL Shashidhar, R TI Tuning current rectification across molecular junctions SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC DEVICES; WIRES; GOLD; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPORT; SURFACES AB We demonstrate the ability to tune the current rectification in metal-molecule-metal junctions through control of the interaction strength of one of the two metal-molecule contacts. Current-voltage characteristics of thiolate bound molecular wires with a nitro or pyridine termination show that the extent of current rectification in a molecular junction correlates well with the extent of coupling between the chemical linker and metal electrode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 36 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 7 BP S489 EP S493 AR PII S0957-4484(04)77182-2 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/15/7/058 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 842TA UT WOS:000223025900009 ER PT J AU Grim, P AF Grim, P TI Semper Fi SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Hosp, Parris Isl, SC 29905 USA. RP Grim, P (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Parris Isl, SC 29905 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1056/NEJMp048075 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 833QC UT WOS:000222352200001 PM 15229299 ER PT J AU Pothula, V Gupta, S AF Pothula, V Gupta, S TI Care of battlefield injuries SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, FPO, AP 96350 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Pothula, V (reprint author), USN Hosp, FPO, AP 96350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 1 BP 97 EP 98 DI 10.1056/NEJM200407013510117 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 833QC UT WOS:000222352200015 PM 15229314 ER PT J AU Stamper, JA Lehmberg, RH Lehecka, T Deniz, A McLean, EA AF Stamper, JA Lehmberg, RH Lehecka, T Deniz, A McLean, EA TI Experimental studies of laser-target interactions in an ambient gas, under IFE conditions SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION; XENON AB Studies of reactor designs for inertial fusion energy (IFE) have indicated that some of the material requirements can be alleviated if the target chamber is filled with a low-pressure inert gas (<1 Torr). The experiments described in this paper examine the effects of such an ambient gas on the laser-target interactions relevant to laser-driven IFE. These experiments used the Nike KrF laser facility at the Naval Research Laboratory to irradiate uncoated 78 mum thick polystyrene (CH) foil targets at focal intensities around 10(14) W cm(-2). They compared the laser-target interactions in different inert gases (xenon, argon or krypton) at several ambient pressures up to I Torr with that of the vacuum (reference) case. The diagnostics included streaked rear-surface emission at wavelengths 460-540 nm and side-on shadowgraphy at 263 nm. The results of this study were encouraging. In spite of initial concerns about resonantly enhanced nonlinear optical effects in the Xe gas, we found no evidence of laser beam break-up, spreading, on attenuation. The shock breakout profiles (from emitted light) and the front and rear surface plasma profiles (from shadowgraphy) remained smooth and symmetric in all cases. The central shock breakout times, and thus the central laser irradiances, were about the same for the target in an inert gas as in vacuum. Our analysis indicates that the large nonlinear optical processes in atomic Xe are self-limiting because the converging beam ionizes the gas, thereby removing the atoms from the most intense part. C1 NRL, Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stamper, JA (reprint author), NRL, Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20703 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 7 BP 745 EP 751 AR PII S0029-5515(04)80192 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/77/006 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844IY UT WOS:000223152800006 ER PT J AU Colombant, D Obenschain, S Klapisch, M AF Colombant, D Obenschain, S Klapisch, M TI Comparison between radiation-preheated and conventional shock-driven direct-drive targets for KrF lasers SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FUSION IMPLOSIONS; DESIGNS; GROWTH; PLASMA; MODEL AB A radiation-preheated direct-drive target is examined where the fuel isentrope is varied by changing the high-Z dopant concentration in the ablator. As usual, the growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability as determined by a one-dimensional stability analysis can be decreased when the isentrope increases. The target performance is found to be quite similar to previously designed targets where the ablator and fuel isentropes were increased via an initial shock. However, the gain decreases slightly more because some of the laser input energy is carried away as radiation and does not contribute to the kinetic motion of the target on its way inward. This design adds to the options available for high-gain targets that are stable enough against hydrodynamic instability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 20145 USA. RP Colombant, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 7 BP 795 EP 798 AR PII S0029-5515(04)80933-5 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/7/011 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844IY UT WOS:000223152800011 ER PT J AU Dennis, RJ Beer, JMA Baldwin, JB Ivan, DJ Lorusso, FJ Thompson, WT AF Dennis, RJ Beer, JMA Baldwin, JB Ivan, DJ Lorusso, FJ Thompson, WT TI Using the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast test to measure visual performance in USAF personnel after PRK SO OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE photorefractive keratectomy; laser; glare; visual acuity; contrast sensitivity; Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test (FrACT) ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; CONTACT-LENS WEAR; PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; REFRACTIVE SURGERY; RADIAL KERATOTOMY; CORNEAL HAZE; HIGHER-ORDER; GLARE; FLAP; SENSITIVITY AB Purpose. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) may be an alternative to spectacle and contact lens wear for United States Air Force (USAF) aircrew and may offer some distinct advantages in operational situations. However, any residual corneal haze or scar formation from PRK could exacerbate the disabling effects of a bright glare source on a complex visual task. The USAF recently completed a longitudinal clinical evaluation of the long-term effects of PRK on visual performance, including the experiment described herein. Methods. After baseline data were collected, 20 nonflying active duty USAF personnel underwent PRK. Visual performance was then measured at 6, 12, and 24 months after PRK. Visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) data were collected by using the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test (FrACT), with the subject viewing half of the runs through a polycarbonate windscreen. Experimental runs were completed under 3 glare conditions: no glare source and with either a broadband or a green laser (532-nm) glare annulus (luminance similar to6090 cd/m(2)) surrounding the Landolt C stimulus. Results. Systematic effects of PRK on VA relative to baseline were not identified. However, VA was almost 2 full Snellen lines worse with the laser glare source in place versus the broadband glare source. A significant drop-off was observed in CS performance after PRK under conditions of no glare and broadband glare; this was the case both with and without the windscreen. As with VA, laser glare disrupted CS performance significantly and more than broadband glare did. Conclusions. PRK does not appear to have affected VA, but the changes in CS might represent a true decline in visual performance. The greater disruptive effects from laser versus broadband glare may be a result of increased masking from coherent spatial noise (speckle) surrounding the laser stimulus. C1 Karta Technol Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Conceptual Mindworks Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dennis, RJ (reprint author), 16314 Pebble Dew, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-5488 J9 OPTOMETRY VISION SCI JI Optom. Vis. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 81 IS 7 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1097/00006324-200407000-00013 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 840GG UT WOS:000222844700008 PM 15252351 ER PT J AU Egorov, D Dennis, BS Blumberg, G Haftel, MI AF Egorov, D Dennis, BS Blumberg, G Haftel, MI TI Two-dimensional control of surface plasmons and directional beaming from arrays of subwavelength apertures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NONSTANDARD FINITE-DIFFERENCES; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; HOLE ARRAYS; SCATTERING; METALS; LIGHT AB We demonstrate two-dimensional control of coherent modes of surface plasmons (SP) in a metallic array of subwavelength apertures. SP mode intensity and propagation direction is manipulated by varying the wavelength, incidence angle, and polarization of the excitation photons. We also demonstrate directional beaming of light from this device. Finite-difference-time-domain simulations of the SP modes closely resemble the observations by near-field scanning optical microscopy. Calculated SP coupling efficiencies and transmission are also presented. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM girsh@bell-labs.com NR 21 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 033404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.033404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 842II UT WOS:000222996700026 ER PT J AU Freeland, JW Kodama, RH Vedpathak, M Erwin, SC Keavney, DJ Winarski, R Ryan, P Rosenberg, RA AF Freeland, JW Kodama, RH Vedpathak, M Erwin, SC Keavney, DJ Winarski, R Ryan, P Rosenberg, RA TI Induced Ge spin polarization at the Fe/Ge interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SUM-RULES; FE; FILMS; SI; INJECTION; DENSITY; STATES; METALS; LAYERS AB We report direct experimental evidence showing induced magnetic moments on Ge at the interface in an Fe/Ge system. Details of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and resonant magnetic scattering at the Ge L edge demonstrate the presence of spin-polarized s states at the Fermi level, as well as d-character moments at higher energy, which are both oriented antiparallel to the moment of the Fe layer. Use of the sum rules enables extraction of the L/S ratio, which is zero for the s part and similar to0.5 for the d component. These results are consistent with layer-resolved electronic structure calculations, which estimate that the s and d components of the Ge moment are antiparallel to the Fe 3d moment and have a magnitude of similar to0.01 mu(B). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Freeland, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 033201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.033201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 842II UT WOS:000222996700007 ER PT J AU Johannes, MD Singh, DJ AF Johannes, MD Singh, DJ TI Comparison of the electronic structures of hydrated and unhydrated NaxCoO2: The effect of H2O SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; COMPOUND; NACO2O4; SODIUM AB We report electronic structure calculations within density functional theory for the hydrated superconductor Na(1/3)CoO(2)1.33H(2)O and compare the results with the parent compound Na0.3CoO2. We find that the intercalation of water into the parent compound has little effect on the Fermi surface outside of the predictable effects of expansion, in particular increased two dimensionality. This implies an intimate connection between the electronic properties of the hydrated and unhydrated phases. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6391, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 39 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 AR 014507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.014507 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 842IE UT WOS:000222996300091 ER PT J AU Jones, NO Khanna, SN Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Jones, NO Khanna, SN Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Classical stern-gerlach profiles of Mn-5 and Mn-6 clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; RESONANCE AB Mn-5 and Mn-6 clusters have recently been found to exhibit Stern-Gerlach profiles marked by a central peak that broadens with the increasing field gradient. The profiles neither exhibit a reminiscence of space quantization as observed through a splitting of beams for the case of free atoms, nor a net deflection characteristic of superparamagnetic relaxations observed in other transition metal clusters. It is proposed that this new behavior results from a weak coupling of localized atomic moments. ab initio electronic structure studies are carried out to show that a Mn-5 cluster has isomers with spin magnetic moments of 3 mu(B), 13 mu(B), and 23 mu(B) while a Mn-6 cluster has isomers with moments of 2 mu(B), 8 mu(B), 16 mu(B), and 26 mu(B), respectively. The isomers can be obtained by sequential turning of the local atomic moments starting from the ferromagnetic state and can be seen in the negative ion photoelectron spectra of the anions. The weak coupling of the atomic moments, however, leads to unconventional spin dynamics that result in classical broadening of the Stern-Gerlach profiles and lower apparent magnetic moments. The theoretical results illustrate how a combination of the negative ion photodetachment spectroscopy and Stern-Gerlach profiles can provide information on the net spin moment, interatomic spin coupling, and spin dynamics. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, NO (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 AR 045416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.045416 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 843CO UT WOS:000223053300066 ER PT J AU Mehl, MJ Aguayo, A Boyer, LL de Coss, R AF Mehl, MJ Aguayo, A Boyer, LL de Coss, R TI Absence of metastable states in strained monatomic cubic crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; TRANSITION-METALS; MAGIC STRAINS; ENERGY; PHASES; LATTICES; ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURE; SILICON; TI AB A tetragonal, or Bain path, distortion of a metal with an fcc (bcc) ground state toward the bcc (fcc) structure initially requires an increase in energy, but at some point along the Bain path the energy will again decrease until a local minimum is reached. Using a combination of parametrized tight-binding and first-principles linearized augmented plane wave calculations, we show that this local minimum is unstable with respect to an elastic distortion, except in the rare case that the minimum is at the bcc (fcc) point on the Bain path. This shows that body-centered-tetragonal phases of these materials, which have been seen in epitaxially grown thin films, must be stabilized by the substrate and cannot be freestanding films. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis Aplicada, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mehl@dave.nrl.navy.mil; aguayo@tunku.uady.mx; boyer@dave.nrl.navy.mil; decoss@mda.cinvestav.mx RI CinvesNano-Merida, CinvesNano-Merida/C-5672-2013; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 AR 014105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.014105 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 842IE UT WOS:000222996300032 ER PT J AU Tyson, TA Deleon, M Croft, M Harris, VG Kao, CC Kirkland, J Cheong, SW AF Tyson, TA Deleon, M Croft, M Harris, VG Kao, CC Kirkland, J Cheong, SW TI Magnetic field melting of the charge-ordered state of La1/2Ca1/2MnO3: A local structure perspective SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DEPENDENT SPECIFIC-HEAT; X-RAY; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; PHASE-SEPARATION; CUMULANT ANALYSIS; MANGANITES; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; LA1-XCAXMNO3 AB The local structure about the Mn site in the half-doped system La1/2Ca1/2MnO3 was measured in magnetic fields up 10 T to probe the melting of the charge-ordered state. Examination of the Mn-O and Mn-Mn correlations reveals three distinct regions in the structure-field diagram. A broad region with weak field dependence (mainly antiferromagnetic phase below 7.5 T), a narrow-mixed phase region near similar to8.5 T and a high-field ferromagnetic phase region with strong field-structure coupling are found. At high field the Mn-O radial distribution becomes Gaussian and the Mn-Mn correlations are enhanced-consistent with the dominance of a ferromagnetic phase. Comparison of the structural measurements with transport and magnetization measurements suggests that the exponential changes in resistivity in the first region are dominated by the reordering of the moments on the Mn sites from CE type antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order with only a weak change in the local distortions of the MnO6 octahedra. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2 AR 024410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.024410 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 842IH UT WOS:000222996600043 ER PT J AU Psurek, T Maslanka, S Paluch, M Nozaki, R Ngai, KL AF Psurek, T Maslanka, S Paluch, M Nozaki, R Ngai, KL TI Effects of water on the primary and secondary relaxation of xylitol and sorbitol: Implication on the origin of the Johari-Goldstein relaxation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COUPLING MODEL; GLASS-FORMERS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MIXTURES; EVOLUTION; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; GLYCEROL; BLENDS; TIME AB Dielectric spectroscopy was employed to study the effects of water on the primary alpha-relaxation and the secondary beta-relaxation of xylitol. The measurements were made on anhydrous xylitol and mixtures of xylitol with water with three different water concentrations over a temperature range from 173 K to 293 K. The alpha-relaxation speeds up with increasing concentration of water in xylitol, whereas the rate of the beta-relaxation is essentially unchanged. Some systematic differences in the behavior of alpha-relaxation for anhydrous xylitol and the mixtures were observed. Our findings confirm all the observations of Nozaki [ R. Nozaki, H. Zenitani, A. Minoguchi, and K. Kitai, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307, 349 (2002) ] in sorbitol/water mixtures. Effects of water on both the alpha- and beta-relaxation dynamics in xylitol and sorbitol are explained by using the coupling model. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Psurek, T (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 AR 011503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.011503 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 844CP UT WOS:000223135200021 PM 15324052 ER PT J AU Maenchen, J Cooperstein, G O'Malley, J Smith, I AF Maenchen, J Cooperstein, G O'Malley, J Smith, I TI Advances in pulsed power-driven radiography systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article ID ROD-PINCH DIODE; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-BEAMS; PARTICLE-IN-CELL; PLASMA; FLOW; TRANSPORT; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; BACKSCATTER; IMPEDANCE; DESIGN AB Flash X-ray radiography has undergone a transformation in recent years with the resurgence of interest in compact, high-intensity pulsed power-driven electron beam sources. The radiographic requirements and the choice of consistent X-ray sources determine the driver requirements, which can be met by demonstrated induction voltage adder technologies. This paper reviews the state of the art, the critical technologies, and the recent advances which have improved performance by over an order of magnitude in beam brightness and radiographic utility. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87175 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Atom Weapon Estab, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, England. Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP O'Malley, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87175 USA. EM maenchen@sandia.gov; Cooperstein@nrl.navy.mil; John.O'Malley@awe.co.uk; ismith@titan.com NR 82 TC 43 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2004 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1021 EP 1042 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2004.829056 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 831KB UT WOS:000222192200003 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Myers, AC Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, RH Kepple, PC Obenschain, SP Hegeler, F Friedman, M Wolford, MF Smilgys, RV Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Giorgi, D Welch, DR Rose, DV Searles, S AF Sethian, JD Myers, AC Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, RH Kepple, PC Obenschain, SP Hegeler, F Friedman, M Wolford, MF Smilgys, RV Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Giorgi, D Welch, DR Rose, DV Searles, S TI Electron beam pumped krypton fluoride lasers for fusion energy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE electron beam pumped lasers; excimer laser; field emission cathode; inertial fusion energy (IFE); krypton fluoride (KrF) lasers; pulsed power; solid-state pulsed power ID KRF LASER; AMPLIFIER; DIODES; POWER; PERFORMANCE; INCOHERENCE; DEPOSITION; STABILITY; EMISSION; FACILITY AB High-energy electron beam pumped krypton fluoride (KrF) gas lasers are an attractive choice for inertial fusion energy (IFE). Their short wavelength and demonstrated high beam uniformity optimizes the laser-target physics, and their pulsed power technology scales to a large system. This paper presents the principals of this type of laser and the progress toward developing technologies that can meet the IFE requirements for repetition rate (5 Hz), efficiency (>6%), and durability (>3 x 10(8) shots). The Electra laser at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has produced > 500 J of laser light in short 5-Hz bursts. Research on Electra and the NRL Nike laser (3000 J, single shot) has shown that the overall efficiency should be greater than 7%. This is based on recent advances in electron beam stabilization and transport, electron beam deposition, KrF laser physics, and pulsed power. The latter includes the development of a new solid-state laser triggered switch that will be the basis for a pulsed power system that can meet the IFE requirements for efficiency, durability, and cost. The major remaining challenge is to develop long-loved hibachi foils (e-beam transmission windows). Based on recent experiments, this may be achievable by periodically deflecting the laser gas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma PHys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Optiswitch Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Miss Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Sci Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma PHys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sethian@this.nrl.navy.mil; myers2@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; giul@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil; lehmberg@this.nrl.navy.mil; kepple@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil; steveo@this.nrl.navy.mil; fhegeler@this.nrl.navy.mil; friedman@this.nrl.navy.mil; wolford@this.nrl.navy.mil; RUSSELL.V.SMILGYS@saic.com; swane@calvin.nrl.navy.mil; david@optiswitch.com; dwelch@mrcabq.com; drose@mrcabq.com; searles@ccsalpha3.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2004 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1043 EP 1056 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2004.829051 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 831KB UT WOS:000222192200004 ER PT J AU Rooney, RM Bartram, JK Cramer, EH Mantha, S Nichols, G Suraj, R Todd, ECD AF Rooney, RM Bartram, JK Cramer, EH Mantha, S Nichols, G Suraj, R Todd, ECD TI A review of outbreaks of waterborne disease associated with ships: Evidence for risk management SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Review ID PASSENGER CRUISE SHIP; NORWALK VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS; ABOARD; SEA; TRAVELERS; DIARRHEA AB Objective. The organization of water supply to and on ships differs considerably from that of water supply on land. Risks of contamination can arise from source water at the port or during loading, storage, or distribution on the ship. The purpose of this article is to review documented outbreaks of waterborne diseases associated with passenger, cargo, fishing, and naval ships to identify contributing factors so that similar outbreaks can be prevented in the future. Methods. The authors reviewed 21 reported outbreaks of waterborne diseases associated with ships. For each outbreak, data on pathogens/toxins, type of ship, factors contributing to outbreaks, mortality and morbidity, and remedial action are presented. Results. The findings of this review show that the majority of reported outbreaks were associated with passenger ships and that more than 6,400 people were affected. Waterborne outbreaks due to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, noroviruses, Salmonella spp, Shigella so, Cryptosporidium sp, and Giardia lamblia occurred on ships. Enterotoxigenic E. coli was the pathogen most frequently associated with outbreaks. One outbreak of chemical water poisoning also occurred on a ship. Risk factors included contaminated port water, inadequate treatment, improper loading techniques, poor design and maintenance of storage tanks, ingress of contamination during repair and maintenance, cross-connections, back siphonage, and insufficient residual disinfectant. Conclusions. Waterborne disease outbreaks on ships can be prevented. The factors contributing to outbreaks emphasize the need for hygienic handling of water along the supply chain from source to consumption. A comprehensive approach to water safety on ships is essential. This may be achieved by the adoption of Water Safety Plans that cover design, construction, operation, and routine inspection and maintenance. C1 WHO, Water Sanitat & Hlth Programme, Dept Protect Human Environm, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Environm Surveillance Unit, London, England. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rooney, RM (reprint author), WHO, Water Sanitat & Hlth Programme, Dept Protect Human Environm, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM rooneyr@who.int OI Bartram, Jamie/0000-0002-6542-6315; Todd, Ewen/0000-0001-7266-279X NR 21 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 119 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.phr.2004.05.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 860BB UT WOS:000224311100009 PM 15219801 ER PT J AU Zhilyaev, AP Baro, MD Langdon, TG McNelley, TR AF Zhilyaev, AP Baro, MD Langdon, TG McNelley, TR TI An examination of microtexture and microstructure in ultrafine-grained nickel SO REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nanostructured Materials Mechanics CY MAY 21, 2004 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; BONDING ARB PROCESS; STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; THERMAL-STABILITY; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; PURE ALUMINUM; AL-ALLOY; EVOLUTION AB A detailed orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) investigation was conducted to evaluate the microstructural characteristics in samples of pure nickel processed using three different procedures of severe plastic deformation (SPD): equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT) and a combination of ECAP and HPT Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) techniques were employed to measure the microtextures and the distributions of the misorientation angles. A thorough analysis of the microtexture revealed the shear plane normal and shear direction for UFG nickel obtained by various kinds of severe plastic deformation. It is shown that a combination of ECAP and HPT leads both to a greater refinement in the microstructure and to a smaller fraction of boundaries having low angles of misorientation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Southampton, Mat Res Grp, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Zhilyaev, AP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM AlexZ@anrb.ru RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Baro, Maria Dolors/A-2096-2009; Zhilyaev, Alexander/E-5624-2010; OI Baro, Maria Dolors/0000-0002-8636-1063; Zhilyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1902-8703 NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST PROBLEMS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-RUSSIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI ST PTERSBURG PA BOLSHOJ 61, VAS OSTROV, ST PTERSBURG, 199178, RUSSIA SN 1606-5131 J9 REV ADV MATER SCI JI Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 885BR UT WOS:000226131600006 ER PT J AU Blazes, DL Martin, GJ AF Blazes, DL Martin, GJ TI Drug-induced lupus erythematosus secondary to nafcillin: the first reported case SO RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE drug-induced lupus erythematosus; nafcillin; systemic lupus erythematosus AB With an estimated incidence of 15-30,000 cases per year in the United States, drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DIL) is an uncommon iatrogenic condition. The number of implicated medications increases each year. We report the first case of DIL secondary to nafcillin administration in a patient with a prosthetic aortic valve and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus who developed a facial rash and lower back pain. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Blazes, DL (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM DLBlazes@bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8172 J9 RHEUMATOL INT JI Rheumatol. Int. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 242 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s00296-003-0356-6 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 846JB UT WOS:000223310700012 PM 14658003 ER PT J AU Roland, CA AF Roland, CA TI Naval applications of elastomers SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FILLED RUBBER; RELAXATION AB The fact that rubber can be studied in a state of mechanical equilibrium makes it the most fundamentally interesting polymeric material. Elastomers also find wide application both in industry and the military, due to the unique combination of obtainable properties. This short review describes selected uses of rubber by the U.S. Navy on surface vessels, submarines and aircraft. The emphasis is applications which exploit rubber's capacity for energy transmission, storage and dissipation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 77 IS 3 BP 542 EP 551 DI 10.5254/1.3547835 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 853PL UT WOS:000223839400005 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Roland, CM AF Ngai, KL Roland, CM TI Models for the component dynamics in blends and mixtures SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; LOCAL SEGMENTAL DYNAMICS; GLASS-FORMING SUBSTANCES; COUPLING MODEL; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; C-13 NMR; POLYISOPRENE/POLY(VINYLETHYLENE) BLENDS; POLY(N-BUTYL METHACRYLATE-STAT-STYRENE) AB Four models for the component dynamics in polymer blends are briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on their ability to describe anomalous segmental relaxation behavior, secondary relaxations in blends, Mixtures which include small molecules, and properties in the concentration limits of probe molecules and neat polymers. While general features of the segmental dynamics of polymer blends can be accounted for by all of these models, only that of the authors addresses all these particular aspects of blend dynamics. Our conclusion is that assessment of blend dynamics models should extend beyond intuitive appeal or general properties, with due attention given to the more subtle and exceptional behaviors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 89 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 77 IS 3 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.5254/1.3547838 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 853PL UT WOS:000223839400008 ER PT J AU Zega, TJ Garvie, LAJ Dodony, I Buseck, PR AF Zega, TJ Garvie, LAJ Dodony, I Buseck, PR TI Serpentine nanotubes in the mighei CM chondrite SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanotabes; serpentine; CM chondrites; TEM; EELS; aqueous alteration; matrix; fine-grained rims ID C2M CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS; NITRIDE NANOTUBES; MATRIX; MINERALOGY; MICROSTRUCTURE; CRONSTEDTITE; METEORITES; LIZARDITE AB We report the discovery of serpentine nanotubes in the Mighei CM chondrite. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images show that the nanotubes are multiwalled, containing from 3 to 11 layers with petiodicities of 0.68 +/- 0.08 nm. Some nanotubes appear capped. Their lengths and inner diameters range from 20 to 230 nm and 2 to 9 nm, respectively, with internal volumes of 200-11,300 nm(3). Chemical analyses made using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) give Mg1.7Fe0.52+Fe0.73+[Si1.5Fe0.53+O5]H-1.8([](1.0)O2.4S0.6)(Sigma = 4) with H determined by difference. The S-bearing and Fe rich composition of these nanotubes is distinct from previously reported meteoritic and terrestrial materials, and we believe them to be a new variety of serpentine. These intriguing structures likely formed during aqueous-alteration events early in the history of the solar system and potentially served as containers of primordial fluids. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Zega, TJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6360,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tzega@nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 223 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.04.005 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 835LE UT WOS:000222483800010 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Block, JA Stump, JA Pfeil, KM AF Kostoff, RN Block, JA Stump, JA Pfeil, KM TI Information content in Medline record fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Review DE Medline records; Titles and Mesh terms; Abstracts ID LITERATURE-BASED DISCOVERY; FISH-OIL; SCIENCE; RAYNAUDS AB Background: The authors have been conducting text mining analyses (extraction of useful information from text) of Medline records, using Abstracts as the main data source. For literature-based discovery, and other text mining applications as well, all records in a discipline need to be evaluated for determining prior art. Many Medline records do not contain Abstracts, but typically contain Titles and Mesh terms. Substitution of these fields for Abstracts in the non-Abstract records would restore the missing Literature to some degree. Objectives: Determine how well the information content of Title and Mesh fields approximates that of Abstracts in Medline records. Approach: Select historical Medline records related to Raynaud's Phenomenon that contain Abstracts. Determine the information content in the Abstract fields through text mining. Then, determine the information content in the Title fields, the Mesh fields, and the combined Title-Mesh fields, and compare with the information content in the Abstracts. Results: Four metrics were used to compare the information content related to Raynaud's Phenomenon in the different fields: total number of phrases; number of unique phrases; content of factors from factor analyses; content of clusters from multi-link clustering. The Abstract field contains almost an order of magnitude more phrases than the other fields, and slightly more than an order of magnitude more unique phrases than the other fields. Each field used a factor matrix with 14 factors, and the combination of all 56 factors for the four fields represented 27 separate, but not unique, themes. These themes could be placed in two major categories, with two sub-categories per major category: Auto-immunity (antibodies, inflammation) and circulation (peripheral vessel circulation, coronary vessel circulation). All four sub-categories included representation from each field. Thus, while the focus of the representation of each field in each sub-category was moderately different, the four sub-category structure could be identified by analyzing the total factors in each field. In the cluster comparison phase of the study, the phrases used to create the clusters were the most important phrases identified for each factor. Thus, the factor matrix served as a filter for words used for clustering. While clusters were generated for all four fields, the Title hierarchy tended to be fragmented due to sparsity of the co-occurrence matrix that underlies the clusters. Therefore, the Title clusters were examined at only the lower levels of aggregation. The Abstract, Mesh, and Mesh + Title fields had the same first Level taxonomy categories, auto-immunity and circulation. At the second level, the Abstract, Mesh, and Mesh + Title fields had the autoimmune diseases and antibodies sub-category in common. The Abstract and Mesh fields shared fascia inflammation as the other auto-immunity sub-category, white the other Mesh + Title sub-category focuses on vinyl chloride poisoning from industrial contact, and consequences of antineoplastic agents. However, in both cases, even though the words may be different, inflammation may be the common theme. Conclusions: For taxonomy generation, especially at the higher levels, each of the four fields has a similar thematic structure. At very detailed levels, the Mesh and Title fields run out of phrases relative to the Abstract field. Therefore, selection of field (s) to be employed for taxonomy generation depends on the objectives of the study, particularly the level of categorization required for the taxonomy. For information retrieval, or literature-based discovery, selection of the appropriate field again depends on the study objectives. If large queries, or large numbers of concepts or themes are desired, then the field with the largest number of technical phrases would be desirable. If queries or concepts represented by the more accepted popular terminology is adequate, then the smaller fields may be sufficient. Because of its established and controlled vocabulary, the Mesh field tags the Title or Abstract fields in currency. Thus, the Title or Abstract fields would retrieve records with the most explicitly stated current concepts, but the Mesh field would capture a larger swath of fields that contained a concept of interest but perhaps had a wider range of specific terminology in the Abstract or Title text. In addition, this study provides the first validated estimate of the disparity in information retrieved through text mining Limited to Titles and Mesh terms relative to entire Abstracts. As much of the older biomedical literature was entered into electronic databases without associated Abstracts, literature-based discovery exercises that search the older medical literature may miss a substantial proportion of relevant information. On the basis of this study, it may be estimated that up to a log order more information may be retrieved when complete Abstracts are searched. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1386-5056 J9 INT J MED INFORM JI Int. J. Med. Inform. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 73 IS 6 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2004.02.008 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 830NX UT WOS:000222130400005 PM 15171980 ER PT J AU Jung, WY Vogt, PR AF Jung, WY Vogt, PR TI Effects of bottom water warming and sea level rise on Holocene hydrate dissociation and mass wasting along the Norwegian-Barents Continental Margin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE gas-hydrate stability; thermobaric model; Storegga slide ID GAS-HYDRATE; OFFSHORE NORWAY; STOREGGA SLIDE; GREENLAND SEA; PORE-WATER; METHANE; DEEP; SURFACE; STABILITY; EVOLUTION AB Gas hydrate (GH) stability modeling results explain why some major Holocene submarine landslides along the Norwegian-Barents margin could have been triggered by GH dissociation during the early to middle Holocene, not during the lowest sea levels of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our model results show that subbottom depths of 170-260 m below the pre-slide continental slope (ca. 350-475 m present water depth) must have passed out of gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) by 8.15 ka as the effect of warm bottom water inflow at 11 ka penetrated into the subbottom, overcoming the effects of pressure increase due to sea level rise (SLR). The component of local SLR due to the isostatic response to Fennoscandian deglaciation is shown to be relatively insignificant, particularly for the part of the upper continental slope where the slide probably began. The stability relations show that GH could have formed under the ice sheet before deglaciation, and below deeper shelf areas after sea levels began to rise, but before significant warming near the GHSZ base. To the extent water deeper than 800 m has remained cold (-1degrees to 0degreesC) since LGM times, the GHSZ continued to thicken in deep water and GH dissociation could not have triggered Holocene failure in that regime. The present distribution of GH stability is limited to water depths greater than about 400 m in the Storegga slide area, and the thickness of the GHSZ increases with water depth. C1 USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jung, WY (reprint author), USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jung@qur.nrl.navy.mil NR 53 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B6 AR B06104 DI 10.1029/2003JB002738 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 839KA UT WOS:000222781600001 ER PT J AU van Enckevort, IMJ Ruessink, BG Coco, G Suzuki, K Turner, IL Plant, NG Holman, RA AF van Enckevort, IMJ Ruessink, BG Coco, G Suzuki, K Turner, IL Plant, NG Holman, RA TI Observations of nearshore crescentic sandbars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE nearshore crescentic sandbars ID BAR MORPHOLOGY; NATURAL BEACH; EDGE WAVES; SURF ZONE; SWASH; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; COAST; VARIABILITY; ENERGY AB The temporal and spatial variability of crescentic sandbars is analyzed with hourly long-term (months) video observations collected at four barred sites and are qualitatively compared to the temporal and spatial variability predicted by hypotheses underpinning existing approaches and models for crescentic bar formation (edge-wave template model, linear stability analysis, and nonlinear models). The observations, coming from the single barred beaches at Duck (North Carolina, USA) and Miyazaki (Kyushu, Japan), and from the double-barred beaches at the northern Gold Coast (Queensland, Australia) and Noordwijk (Netherlands), show that crescentic sandbar wavelength and amplitude variations over space and time are very common. For instance, at any moment in time, the wavelength of the smallest and longest crescentic bar can differ by a factor of 2. Temporal changes in wavelength and amplitude result from merging and splitting of individual crescents, causing the "final" configuration of a crescentic sandbar system to be very different from the initial configuration. The Gold Coast data indicate that these intrinsically nonlinear interactions are an attempt of the crescentic bar system to self-organize into a more uniform pattern, as splitting is usually confined to the longest crescentic bar observed, whereas merging usually combines the smallest crescentic bars into a longer bar. The observed spatial and temporal crescentic bar behavior contrasts qualitatively with behavior predicted from the edge-wave template model and implies that the predictive skill of linear stability models is limited. Nonlinear models are potentially better suited for a comparison against these field observations; several suggestions to improve these models, and hence to facilitate a data-model comparison, are made. C1 Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Dept Phys Geog, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Calif San Diego, Cecil & Ida Green Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Complex Syst Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Port & Airport Res Inst, Marine Environm & Engn Dept, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2390826, Japan. Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Lab, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Coastal Imaging Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Dept Phys Geog, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. EM i.vanenckevort@geog.uu.nl; g.ruessink@geog.uu.nl; g.coco@niwa.co.nz; suzuki_k@pari.go.jp; ian.turner@unsw.edu.au; nplant@nrlssc.navy.mil; holman@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Turner, Ian/H-7122-2014; OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672; Coco, Giovanni/0000-0001-7435-1602; Turner, Ian/0000-0001-9884-6917 NR 83 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C6 AR C06028 DI 10.1029/2003JC002214 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839JT UT WOS:000222780900002 ER PT J AU Medintz, IL Konnert, JH Clapp, AR Stanish, I Twigg, ME Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Deschamps, JR AF Medintz, IL Konnert, JH Clapp, AR Stanish, I Twigg, ME Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Deschamps, JR TI A fluorescence resonance energy transfer-derived structure of a quantum dot-protein bioconjugate nanoassembly SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE maltose-binding protein; three-dimensional structure; nanotechnology; nanocrystal ID YEAST PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; BINDING-PROTEIN; COMPLEX; FRET; ZNS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIZATION; BIOSENSORS; ACCEPTOR AB The first generation of luminescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-based hybrid inorganic biomaterials and sensors is now being developed. It is crucial to understand how bioreceptors, especially proteins, interact with these inorganic nanomaterials. As a model system for study, we use Rhodamine red-labeled engineered variants of Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (MBP) coordinated to the surface of 555-nm emitting CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies were performed to determine the distance from each of six unique MBP-Rhodamine red dye-acceptor locations to the center of the energy-donating QD. In a strategy analogous to a nanoscale global positioning system determination, we use the intraassembly distances determined from the fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements, the MBP crystallographic coordinates, and a least-squares approach to determine the orientation of the MBP relative to the QD surface. Results indicate that MBP has a preferred orientation on the QD surface. The refined model is in agreement with other evidence, which indicates coordination of the protein to the QD occurs by means of its C-terminal pentahistidine tail, and the size of the QD estimated from the model is in good agreement with physical measurements of QD size. The approach detailed here may be useful in determining the orientation of proteins in other hybrid protein-nanoparticle materials. To our knowledge, this is the first structural model of a hybrid luminescent QD-protein receptor assembly elucidated by using spectroscopic measurements in conjunction with crystallographic and other data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medintz, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM imedintz@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 45 TC 233 Z9 240 U1 1 U2 82 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 26 BP 9612 EP 9617 DI 10.1073/pnas.0403343101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834IU UT WOS:000222405600019 PM 15210939 ER PT J AU Korneev, A Kouminov, P Matvienko, V Chulkova, G Smirnov, K Voronov, B Gol'tsman, GN Currie, M Lo, W Wilsher, K Zhang, J Slysz, W Pearlman, A Verevkin, A Sobolewski, R AF Korneev, A Kouminov, P Matvienko, V Chulkova, G Smirnov, K Voronov, B Gol'tsman, GN Currie, M Lo, W Wilsher, K Zhang, J Slysz, W Pearlman, A Verevkin, A Sobolewski, R TI Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER LASER AB We have measured the quantum efficiency (QE), GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalent power (NEP) of nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) in the visible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-type devices (total area 10x10 mum(2)), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% in the visible range and similar to10% at 1.3 to 1.55 mum wavelength and are potentially sensitive up to midinfrared (similar to10 mum) radiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz with jitter <18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices' NEP varies from similar to10(-17) W/Hz(1/2) for 1.55 mum photons to similar to10(-20)W/Hz(1/2) for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operating temperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to similar to20% and lowering the NEP level to similar to3x10(-22) W/Hz(1/2), both measured at 1.26 mum wavelength. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Electron Technol, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Moscow State Pedag Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NPTest Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Sobolewski, R (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. EM roman.sobolewski@rochester.edu RI Sobolewski, Roman/A-1979-2013; Korneev, Alexander/A-6047-2014 OI Korneev, Alexander/0000-0001-7790-2254 NR 12 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 26 BP 5338 EP 5340 DI 10.1063/1.1764600 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 831NH UT WOS:000222200600014 ER PT J AU Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Tripathi, A Eversole, J Ho, J Spence, M AF Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Tripathi, A Eversole, J Ho, J Spence, M TI Orthogonal analysis of mass and spectral based technologies for the field detection of bioaerosols SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE single particle fluorescence analyzer; fluorescence aerosol particle sizer; pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry; bioaerosols; field biodetection; bacterial spores; ovalbumin protein; single particle spectroscopy ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; AIRBORNE BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; AEROSOL DETECTION; AGENT DETECTION; PYROLYSIS; SYSTEM; EXCITATION; SIZE; IDENTIFICATION AB The detection and qualitative characterization of outdoor ambient bioaerosols have a relatively greater sense of urgency in recent times. Mass-based pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (Py-GC-IMS) and particle-based UV-vis fluorescence technologies were spatially situated for spore and protein bioaerosol detection in a Southeastern prairie region in Alberta, Canada. Orthogonal systems analyses versus individual detector results were investigated for the temporal characterization of bioaerosols. The systems responded to low agent analyte-containing particles per liter of air (PLA) concentrations, and were verified by reference samplers. An orthogonal technologies sensor system appears to be attractive for a high confidence detection of presence and temporal characterization of bioaerosols. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geocenters Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Res & Dev Canada, Ralston, AB T0J 2NO, Canada. RP Snyder, AP (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Bldg E3160 Rdgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM apsnyder@sbccom.apgea.army.mil NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 25 PY 2004 VL 513 IS 2 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.003 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 824VB UT WOS:000221714100001 ER PT J AU Schauer, U Fahrbach, E Osterhus, S Rohardt, G AF Schauer, U Fahrbach, E Osterhus, S Rohardt, G TI Arctic warming through the Fram Strait: Oceanic heat transport from 3 years of measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE interannual variability; heat transport ID WEST SPITSBERGEN CURRENT; WATER MASS-DISTRIBUTION; MOORED CURRENT METERS; MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; SEA-ICE; NORDIC SEAS; ATLANTIC INFLOW; VELOCITY-FIELD; YERMAK PLATEAU; VARIABILITY AB We present estimates of volume and heat transport through Fram Strait for the period 1997 to 2000 from data of moored instruments. The annual mean volume transports at 78degrees55'N were between 9 -/+ 2 and 10 -/+ 1 Sv northward and 13 -/+ 2 and 12 -/+ 1 Sv southward with a net transport between 4 -/+ 2 and 2 -/+ 2 Sv to the south. The temperature of the northward flow of Atlantic Water had a strong seasonality with a minimum in winter. Nevertheless, the northward heat transport was highest in winter caused by the winter maximum of northward volume transport. Between 1997 and 1999, the annual mean net heat transport across 78degrees55'N increased from 16 -/+ 12 to 41 -/+ 5 TW. This resulted from a very strong increase in heat transport in the West Spitsbergen Current (mean annual values from 28 -/+ 5 to 44 -/+ 6 TW and to 46 -/+ 5 TW in 99/00) which was not compensated by an equivalent signal in the southward flow. The heat transport to the south remained constant within error limitations. Only half of the heat flux increase in the West Spitsbergen Current was due to a higher temperature; half of it was due to a stronger flow. A similar increase as observed between 1997 and 2000 would have been sufficient to explain the warming of intermediate layers in the Eurasian Arctic observed in the early 1990s. Consequently, we suggest that a warming signal from the late 1990s is presently spreading in the interior Arctic Ocean. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Schauer, U (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Postfach 12 01 61, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM uschauer@awi-bremerhaven.de NR 44 TC 198 Z9 202 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 25 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C6 AR C06026 DI 10.1029/2003JC001823 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839IK UT WOS:000222777100001 ER PT J AU Olsen, RA Badescu, SC Ying, SC Baerends, EJ AF Olsen, RA Badescu, SC Ying, SC Baerends, EJ TI Adsorption and diffusion on a stepped surface: Atomic hydrogen on Pt(211) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; PLATINUM CRYSTAL-SURFACES; MOLECULAR-BEAM; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; COLLECTIVE DIFFUSION; TUNGSTEN SURFACES; DIATOMIC MOLECULE; EXCHANGE-REACTION AB We present density functional theory calculations for atomic hydrogen interacting with a stepped surface, the Pt(211) surface. The calculations have been performed at the generalized gradient approximation level, using a slab representation of the surface. This is the state-of-the-art method for calculating the interaction of atoms or molecules with metal surfaces, nevertheless only few studies have used it to study atoms or molecules interacting with stepped surfaces, and none, to the best of our knowledge, have considered hydrogen interacting with stepped platinum surfaces. Our goal has been to initiate a systematic study of this topic. We have calculated the full three-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the H/Pt(211) system together with the vibrational band structure and vibrational eigenfunctions of H. A deep global minimum of the PES is found for bridge-bonded hydrogen on the step edge, in agreement with experimental results for the similar H/Pt(533) system. All the local vibrational excitations at the global minimum have been identified, and this will serve as a helpful guide to the interpretation of future experiments on this (or similar) system(s). Furthermore, from the calculated PES and vibrational band structure, we identify a number of consequences for the interpretation or modelling of diffusion experiments studying the coverage and directional dependence of atomic hydrogen diffusion on stepped platinum surfaces. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RI Baerends, Evert Jan/F-7206-2011 OI Baerends, Evert Jan/0000-0002-3045-4906 NR 82 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 24 BP 11852 EP 11863 DI 10.1063/1.1755664 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 827NS UT WOS:000221907800057 PM 15268219 ER PT J AU Manoharan, PK Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Lara, A Michalek, G Howard, RA AF Manoharan, PK Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Lara, A Michalek, G Howard, RA TI Influence of coronal mass ejection interaction on propagation of interplanetary shocks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE shock waves; interplanetary shocks; coronal mass ejections ID EARTH; STORMS; SPEED; EVENT; WIND; 1-AU AB We studied 91 interplanetary (IP) shocks associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originating within about +/-30degrees in longitude and latitude from the center of the Sun during 1997-2002. These CMEs cover a wide range of initial speeds of about 120 to 2400 kms(-1) and they also include a special population of 25 interacting CMEs. This study provides the characteristics of propagation effects of more number of high-speed CMEs (V-CME > 1500 kms(-1)) than the data used in earlier studies. It enables to extend the shock-arrival prediction model to high-speed CMEs. The results on comparison of IP shock speed and transit time at 1 AU suggest that the shock transit time is not controlled by its final speed but is primarily determined by the initial speed of the CME and effects encountered by it during the propagation. It is found that the CME interaction tends to slow the shock and associated CME. The deviations of shock arrival times from the empirical model are considerably large for slow (V-CME < 300 kms(-1)) and fast (V-CME > 800 kms(-1)) CMEs. Results show that the slow and fast CMEs experience stronger effective acceleration. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20017 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Radio Astron Ctr, Ooty, Udhagamandalam, India. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Krakow, Poland. USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manoharan, PK (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20017 USA. EM mano@cspsw3.gsfc.nasa.gov; gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Lara, Alejandro/0000-0001-6336-5291; Manoharan, Periasamy K/0000-0003-4274-211X NR 21 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A6 AR A06109 DI 10.1029/2003JA010300 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 839IT UT WOS:000222778000003 ER PT J AU Saks, NS Suvorov, AV Capell, DC AF Saks, NS Suvorov, AV Capell, DC TI High temperature high-dose implantation of aluminum in 4H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AL IMPLANTATION; ACTIVATION; 4H; 6H AB Heavily doped p-type layers obtained by implanting aluminum near its solubility limit (similar to2x10(20) Al/cm(3)) in 4H-SiC are characterized as a function of the implant and anneal temperatures. For a typical implant temperature of 650degreesC, Al activation rates of similar to6%-35% are obtained for anneals from 1600 to 1750degreesC, respectively. For higher temperature implants at 1000degreesC, the Al activation rates are significantly improved, approaching similar to100% for the same anneal temperatures, with a best p-type resistivity of similar to0.20 Omega cm. For SiC device fabrication, these results demonstrate that by using higher Al implant temperatures, lower anneal temperatures can be used while obtaining close to 100% Al activation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CREE Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6881, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM saks@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 21 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 25 BP 5195 EP 5197 DI 10.1063/1.1764934 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830HD UT WOS:000222111800043 ER PT J AU Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Eddy, CR Henry, RL Holm, RT Culbertson, JC Stahlbush, RE Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA AF Bassim, ND Twigg, ME Eddy, CR Henry, RL Holm, RT Culbertson, JC Stahlbush, RE Neudeck, PG Trunek, AJ Powell, JA TI Microstructure of heteroepitaxial GaN grown on mesa-patterned 4H-SiC substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES AB Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to study the microstructure of a thin heteroeptiaxial GaN film grown on (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces with and without atomic scale steps. Analysis of a mesa that was completely free of atomic-scale surface steps prior to III-N film deposition showed that these GaN layers had a wide variation in island height (1-3 mum) and included the presence of pit-like defects on the film surface. This sample had a low dislocation density (5x10(8)/cm(2)) as compared to conventionally grown samples on unpatterned (0001) on-axis 4H-SiC (2x10(9)/cm(2)), coupled with a 3-5 times increase in grain size. A comparison of a GaN film on the step-free 4H-SiC mesa region with a GaN film on a stepped 4H-SiC mesa region on the same substrate showed that the presence of surface steps reduced the overall grain size of the film from 7-10 mum to a grain size of about 2-3 mum. Since the GaN films grow via a Volmer-Weber mechanism, a decrease in the number of heterogeneous nucleation sites may allow the growth of large GaN islands before coalescence, thus reducing the number of threading dislocations. These results are promising for the further development of unique, low-dislocation density active regions for GaN device structures on 4H-SiC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sest Inc, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Bassim, ND (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nbass@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 21 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 25 BP 5216 EP 5218 DI 10.1063/1.1765213 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830HD UT WOS:000222111800050 ER PT J AU Landi, E Landini, M AF Landi, E Landini, M TI Models for solar magnetic loops. III. Dynamic models and coronal diagnostic spectrometer observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plasmas; sun : corona; sun : magnetic fields ID ACTIVE-REGION LOOPS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STEREOSCOPIC ANALYSIS; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; HEATING FUNCTION; PLASMAS; YOHKOH; TEMPERATURES; ABUNDANCES AB In the present work SOHO Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) observations of a quiescent active region loop are compared to a steady state, dynamic loop model. Three different heating functions are adopted: uniform, concentrated at the top, and concentrated at the footpoints. Predicted temperature and density profiles of the selected loop are compared with those obtained from CDS observations using line ratios and an emission measure analysis. The latter method also allows us to measure the loop filling factor. The space of parameters of the model is investigated in an effort to achieve agreement with observations. The effects of uncertainties and of CDS instrumental limitations on the results are assessed. We find that no agreement can be found between model predictions and observations. Possible causes of the disagreement and areas of further investigation are discussed. This work also demonstrates the potential of high-resolution spectroscopy in loop studies, even in the presence of moderate spatial resolution. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2004 VL 608 IS 2 BP 1133 EP 1147 DI 10.1086/420813 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 831HA UT WOS:000222184300043 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Viscosity at the dynamic crossover in o-terphenyl and salol under high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID TRANSITION; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SHEAR VISCOSITY; EXISTENCE; BEHAVIOR; DIMETHYLETHER AB The viscosities of two prototypical glass formers, o-terphenyl and phenyl salicylate (salol), are shown to exhibit a change in their temperature and pressure dependences at a constant value of the viscosity. This is the first evidence of a dynamic crossover in the viscosity induced by pressure. The characteristic value associated with the change in dynamics is material dependent, but independent of temperature and pressure. These results are in accord with the previous finding, for other glass formers, that the dielectric relaxation time assumes a density-independent value at the dynamic crossover. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 45 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 24 AR 245702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.245702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 830HO UT WOS:000222112900034 PM 15245105 ER PT J AU Kooi, SE Baker, LA Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ AF Kooi, SE Baker, LA Sheehan, PE Whitman, LJ TI Dip-pen nanolithography of chemical templates on silicon oxide SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NANOMETER-SCALE; SURFACES; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULES; PATTERNS; FEATURES; ARRAYS; ACID AB A flexible template strategy for the generation of nanometer-scale templates via dip-pen nanolithography is described. Trichlorosilanes are patterned with a chemically modified cantilever, and subsequently oxidized. The reactive template formed can be further modified by covalent attachment (e.g., of poly(ethylene imine), see Figure) or via electrostatic lization (e.g., of CdSe). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Lloyd.Whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Baker, Lane/B-6452-2008; Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 17 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1013 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200306468 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 836OW UT WOS:000222566400017 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Pancrazio, JJ AF Lin, BC Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Pancrazio, JJ TI Gene expression profiles in the rat central nervous system induced by JP-8 jet fuel vapor exposure SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE jet propulsion fuel-8; DNA microarray; neurotoxicity; gene expression profiles; neurobehavioral deficits; central nervous system ID MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-2; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; NEUROBEHAVIORAL CAPACITY; GROWTH-HORMONE; IN-VITRO; BRAIN; RECEPTOR; LOCALIZATION; CLEAVAGE; NEURONS AB Jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8) is the predominant fuel for military land vehicles and aircraft used in the US and NATO. Occupational exposure to jet fuel in military personnel has raised concern for the health risk associated with such exposure in the Department of Defense. Clinical studies of humans chronically exposed to jet fuel have suggested both neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral deficits. We utilized rat neurobiology U34 array to measure gene expression changes in whole brain tissue of rats exposed repeatedly to JP-8, under conditions that simulated possible occupational exposure (6 h/day for 91 days) to JP-8 vapor at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/m(3), respectively. Our studies revealed that the gene expression changes of exposure groups can be divided into two main categories according to their functions: (1) neurotransmitter signaling pathways; and (2) stress response. The implications of these gene expression changes are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM blin@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2004 VL 363 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.056 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 830OY UT WOS:000222133400009 PM 15182950 ER PT J AU Ward, JF Blute, ML AF Ward, JF Blute, ML TI Use and timing of radiotherapy in high-risk prostate cancer SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; SALVAGE RADIOTHERAPY; MARGINS; IMPACT C1 USN, Dept Urol Oncol, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Urol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Ward, JF (reprint author), USN, Dept Urol Oncol, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 291 IS 23 BP 2817 EP 2817 DI 10.1001/jama.291.23.2817-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 828GT UT WOS:000221962500018 PM 15199027 ER PT J AU Clemens, J Savarino, S Abu-Elyazeed, R Safwat, M Rao, M Wierzba, T Svennerholm, AM Holmgren, J Frenck, R Park, E Naficy, A AF Clemens, J Savarino, S Abu-Elyazeed, R Safwat, M Rao, M Wierzba, T Svennerholm, AM Holmgren, J Frenck, R Park, E Naficy, A TI Development of pathogenicity-driven definitions of outcomes for a field trial of a killed oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Egypt: Application of an evidence-based method SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Joint Conference on Cholera and Other Bacterial Enteric Infections Panel CY DEC 17-19, 2002 CL OKINAWA, JAPAN SP Minist Hlth, Labor & Welfare ID B-SUBUNIT VACCINE; CELL CHOLERA VACCINE; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENDEMIC AREAS; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; TOXIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MALARIA; DISEASE AB Background. To design an efficacy trial of a killed oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC) diarrhea in Egyptian children, we derived for ETEC diarrhea an empirical definition that increased the probability that diarrhea associated with excretion of ETEC was caused by the detected ETEC. Methods. We conducted a cohort study of 397 Egyptian children < 24 months old and monitored them until they were 3 years old. Vaccine-preventable (VP) ETEC was defined as ETEC expressing &GE;1 of the toxin- (heat-labile [LT] toxin) and colonization-factor antigens (CFA I, II, and IV) in the vaccine. Results. Although fecal excretion of VP-ETEC was highly associated with diarrhea, excretion of LT-ETEC per se was not related to diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio [ORA], 1.16 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.90-1.49]). The fecal excretion of antigenic types of VP-ETEC other than LT-ETEC (non-LT VP-ETEC) was highly associated with diarrheal symptoms (ORA, 3.91 [95% CI, 2.78-5.49]; P < .001), and this association was greater for nonbloody than for bloody diarrhea. Conclusions. Because the vaccine had been anticipated to protect primarily against symptomatic ETEC diarrhea, these results indicate that the primary-outcome definition of ETEC diarrhea for the trial should be restricted to nonbloody diarrheal episodes associated with fecal excretion of non-LT VP-ETEC. C1 Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Clemens, J (reprint author), Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM jclemens@ivi.int RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 189 IS 12 BP 2299 EP 2307 DI 10.1086/386288 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 824PW UT WOS:000221699500020 PM 15181579 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, ME AF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, ME TI Sources of exponents SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Anomalous Distributions, Nonlinear Dynamics and Nonextensivity CY NOV 06-09, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab DE levy flights; levy walks; maximum entropy; fractals ID RELAXATION AB Examples are given of scaling relationships governed by fractional exponents. Additional examples are presented with heavy tail probability distributions governed by a fractional exponent. This includes the analysis of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy, subject to an appropriate constraint, to generate long-tailed probability distributions. The stretched exponential distribution is employed to derive a time scale for the glass transition that contains an essential singularity at a critical temperature. These examples demonstrate that there are many routes to producing fractional exponents in physical systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shlesinger, ME (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM shlesim@onr.navy.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 1-4 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2004.01.009 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 830WH UT WOS:000222154400005 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Abe, S AF Rajagopal, AK Abe, S TI Statistical mechanical foundations of power-law distributions SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Anomalous Distributions, Nonlinear Dynamics and Nonextensivity CY NOV 06-09, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab DE power-law distribution; foundations for tsallis statistics ID MACROSCOPIC THERMODYNAMICS; CANONICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; NONEXTENSIVE ENTROPIES; SYSTEMS; THEOREM AB The foundations of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) distributions broadly fall into (i) probabilistic approaches based on the principle of equal a priori probability, the central limit theorem, or the state density considerations and (ii) the Gibbs-Jaynes maximum entropy principle. A minimal set of requirements on each of these are the function space, the counting algorithm, and "additivity" property of the entropy. In the past few decades, a class of complex systems, which are not necessarily in thermodynamic equilibrium (e.g., glasses), have been found to display power-law distributions, which are not describable by the traditional methods. Here, parallels to all the inquiries underlying the BG theory are given for the power-law distributions. In particular, a different function space is employed and additivity of the entropy is discarded. The requirement of stability identifies the entropy proposed by Tsallis. From this, a generalized thermodynamic description of such systems in quasi-equilibrium states is developed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rajagopa@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2004.01.010 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 830WH UT WOS:000222154400006 ER PT J AU Armstead, DN Hunt, BR Ott, E AF Armstead, DN Hunt, BR Ott, E TI Power-law decay and self-similar distributions in stadium-type billiards SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Anomalous Distributions, Nonlinear Dynamics and Nonextensivity CY NOV 06-09, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab DE stadium billiard; open billiards; sticky orbits; self-similar distributions; power-law decay ID LONG-TIME TAILS; HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; MAP AB Orbits of particles in Hamiltonian systems may spend long times near invariant sets. These orbits, called sticky orbits, can lead to self-similar probability distributions and power-law decay. We study problems in stadium-type billiards where the sticky invariant sets consist of orbits which are perpendicular to the straight boundaries of the billiard. We consider the time dependence originating from various initial distributions of the angle of incidence for an ensemble of particles in the stadium billiard, in an open variants of the stadium billiard in which most of the circular wall is removed allowing orbits to leave the billiard, and in a quarter stadium billiard in which the stadium is bisected by horizontal and vertical walls with a porous vertical wall. We find that in each of these cases the relaxing distributions are asymptotically self-similar, and that the particle populations exhibit algebraic decay with time. Power-law decay exponents are determined for the various situations considered. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Applied Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Armstead, DN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6362, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM armstead@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Hunt, Brian/J-6895-2012; O, E/F-1630-2015 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 1-4 BP 96 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2004.01.013 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 830WH UT WOS:000222154400009 ER PT J AU Zehavi, I Weinberg, DH Zheng, Z Berlind, AA Frieman, JA Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Blanton, MR Tegmark, M Mo, HJJ Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Burles, S Csabai, I Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Lamb, DQ Loveday, J Lupton, RH Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nichol, RC Schlegel, D Schneider, DP SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Uomoto, A York, DG AF Zehavi, I Weinberg, DH Zheng, Z Berlind, AA Frieman, JA Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Blanton, MR Tegmark, M Mo, HJJ Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Burles, S Csabai, I Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Lamb, DQ Loveday, J Lupton, RH Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nichol, RC Schlegel, D Schneider, DP SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Uomoto, A York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI On departures from a power law in the galaxy correlation function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOES; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTION; REDSHIFT SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; VELOCITY DISPERSION; ANALYTIC MODEL AB We measure the projected correlation function w(p)(r(p)) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey for a flux-limited sample of 118,000 galaxies and a volume-limited subset of 22,000 galaxies with absolute magnitude M(r) < - 21. Both correlation functions show subtle but systematic departures from the best-fit power law, in particular a change in slope at r(p) similar to 1-2 h(-1) Mpc. These departures are stronger for the volume-limited sample, which is restricted to relatively luminous galaxies. We show that the inflection point in w(p)(r(p)) can be naturally explained by contemporary models of galaxy clustering, according to which it marks the transition from a large-scale regime dominated by galaxy pairs in separate dark matter halos to a small-scale regime dominated by galaxy pairs in the same dark matter halo. For example, given the dark halo population predicted by an inflationary cold dark matter scenario, the projected correlation function of the volume-limited sample can be well reproduced by a model in which the mean number of M(r) < - 21 galaxies in a halo of mass M > M(1) = 4.74 x 10(13) h(-1) M(.) is [N](M)=(M/M(1))(0.89), with 75% of the galaxies residing in less massive, single-galaxy halos and simple auxiliary assumptions about the spatial distribution of galaxies within halos and the fluctuations about the mean occupation. This physically motivated model has the same number of free parameters as a power law, and it fits the w(p)(r(p)) data better, with a chi(2)/dof = 0.93, compared to 6.12 (for 10 degrees of freedom, incorporating the covariance of the correlation function errors). Departures from a power-law correlation function encode information about the relation between galaxies and dark matter halos. Higher precision measurements of these departures for multiple classes of galaxies will constrain galaxy bias and provide new tests of the theory of galaxy formation. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zehavi, I (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Mo, Houjun/P-7811-2015; OI Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 80 TC 213 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 608 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1086/386535 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 827EG UT WOS:000221881200003 ER PT J AU Tateyama, CE Kingham, KA AF Tateyama, CE Kingham, KA TI Structure of OJ 287 from geodetic VLBA data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (OJ 287); galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies ID REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; LACERTAE OBJECT OJ-287; BASE-LINE ARRAY; BL-LACERTAE; WASHINGTON CORRELATOR; OJ 287; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY; PRECESSION; ARCHIVE; DISK AB We have used the Radio Reference Frame Image Database (RRFID) data of the US Naval Observatory (USNO) at 8 GHz to study the structure of OJ 287. The data comprise Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations made during the epochs from 1994 July to 2002 January. The imaging of these data reveals that the position angle of the more collimated unresolved jet rotated clockwise similar to30degrees in 8 yr. The best explanation for this result is given by a ballistic precessing model. The aperture angle of the precessing cone is 3degrees, the axis of the precessing cone forms an angle of 11degrees with the line of sight and has a projected position angle of -107degrees in the plane of sky. The outer structure ( similar to 1.5 mas) of the source is also consistent with a ballistic precessing jet if the velocity of the ballistic component decreases with distance. C1 Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, CRAAM INPE, BR-01302000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Tateyama, CE (reprint author), Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie, CRAAM INPE, Rua Consolacao 896, BR-01302000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 608 IS 1 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1086/392524 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 827EG UT WOS:000221881200013 ER PT J AU Boboltz, DA Claussen, MJ AF Boboltz, DA Claussen, MJ TI Ground-state SiO maser emission toward evolved stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; stars : AGB and post-AGB ID INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; ORION IRC2; NML-CYGNI; (SIO)-SI-29 AB We have made the first unambiguous detection of vibrational ground-state maser emission from (SiO)-Si-28 toward six evolved stars. Using the Very Large Array ( VLA), we simultaneously observed the v = 0, J = 1-0, 43.4 GHz ground-state transitions and the v = 1, J = 1-0, 43.1 GHz first excited-state transitions of (SiO)-Si-28 toward the oxygen-rich evolved stars IRC + 10011, o Ceti, W Hya, RX Boo, NML Cyg, and R Cas and the S-type star chi Cyg. We detected at least one v = 0 SiO maser feature from six of the seven stars observed, with peak maser brightness temperatures ranging from 10,000 to 108,800 K. In fact, four of the seven v 0 spectra show multiple maser peaks, a phenomenon that has not been previously observed. Ground-state thermal emission was detected for one of the stars, RX Boo, with a peak brightness temperature of 200 K. Comparing the v = 0 and v = 1 transitions, we find that the ground-state masers are much weaker, with spectral characteristics different from those of the first excited-state masers. For four of the seven stars, the velocity dispersion is smaller for the v = 0 emission than for the v = 1 emission; for one star, the dispersions are roughly equivalent; and for two stars ( one of which is RX Boo), the velocity spread of the v = 0 emission is larger. In most cases, the peak flux density in the v = 0 emission spectrum does not coincide with the v = 1 maser peak. Although the angular resolution of these VLA observations was insufficient to completely resolve the spatial structure of the SiO emission, the SiO spot maps produced from the interferometric image cubes suggest that the v = 0 masers are more extended than their v = 1 counterparts. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; mclausse@nrao.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 608 IS 1 BP 480 EP 488 DI 10.1086/386541 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 827EG UT WOS:000221881200042 ER PT J AU Reinard, AA Fisk, LA AF Reinard, AA Fisk, LA TI Reconnection of magnetic field lines near the solar surface during coronal mass ejection propagation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; HEAT-FLUX DROPOUTS; WIND; SUN; INFLOWS; EVENTS; CLOUD; CANCELLATION; ELECTRONS; TOPOLOGY AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are a well-known phenomenon resulting in the transport of magnetic flux into the heliosphere. The cumulative effect of this addition of magnetic flux must be balanced by a corresponding reduction of heliospheric flux. This paper describes a model of the reconnection of CME field lines with open field lines, based on observational and theoretical explanations of open magnetic field motions and reconnections in the corona. The model is solved both analytically and numerically. We compare these solutions with observations of CME ejecta ( represented in this study by enhanced oxygen charge states) and a subset of those CME ejecta with a closed magnetic connection to the Sun ( represented by bidirectional electrons). Good agreement is found between the model solutions and the observations. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Reinard, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM reinard@nrl.navy.mil RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 608 IS 1 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1086/392493 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 827EG UT WOS:000221881200047 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Smith, GB Lindemann, GJ AF Marmorino, GO Smith, GB Lindemann, GJ TI Infrared imagery of ocean internal waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMOCLINE; INTERFACE; LAYER AB Infrared imaging provides a new way to detect internal waves under conditions where techniques that rely on backscatter from the sea surface may not be effective and it provides a new means to investigate the spatial variability associated with internal waves. This is illustrated with imagery collected in a bay under light winds using an airborne infrared camera. The internal waves appear as groups of dark and bright bands, corresponding to surface temperature fluctuations of about 0.05degreesC. A signal of this size is shown to be plausible based on straining of the water's surface thermal boundary layer ('cool skin') by internal waves having a strain rate of the order of 10(-2) s(-1). In addition, fine-scale temperature structure was detected that we speculate may indicate instabilities induced by the internal waves. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 AR L11309 DI 10.1029/2004GL020152 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 829XL UT WOS:000222084800005 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF AF Bradford, SF TI Stability and accuracy of a semi-implicit Godunov scheme for mass transport SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE semi-implicit; mass transport; Godunov; finite volume; stability; accuracy ID RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS; FINITE-VOLUME; REACTIVE FLOWS AB Semi-implicit, Godunov-type models are adapted for solving the two-dimensional, time-dependent, mass transport equation on a geophysical scale. The method uses Van Leer's MUSCL reconstruction in conjunction with an explicit, predictor-corrector method to discretize and integrate the advection and lateral diffusion portions of the governing equation to second-order spatial and temporal accuracy. Three classical schemes are investigated for computing advection: Lax-Wendroff, Warming-Beam, and Fromm. The proposed method uses second order, centred finite differences to spatially discretize the diffusion terms. In order to improve model stability and efficiency, vertical diffusion is implicitly integrated with the Crank-Nicolson method and implicit treatment of vertical diffusion in the predictor is also examined. Semi-discrete and Von Neumann analyses are utilized to compare the stability as well as the amplitude and phase accuracy of the proposed method with other explicit and semi-implicit schemes. Some linear, two-dimensional examples are solved and predictions are compared with the analytical solutions. Computational effort is also examined to illustrate the improved efficiency of the proposed model. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Code 7261,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bradford@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 365 EP 389 DI 10.1002/fld.702 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 824AN UT WOS:000221655800002 ER PT J AU Paduan, JD Shulman, I AF Paduan, JD Shulman, I TI HF radar data assimilation in the Monterey Bay area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE HF radar; data assimilation; surface currents ID OCEAN MODELS; SYSTEM AB The utility of high-frequency (HF) radar data for improving numerical circulation model predictions is evaluated. Comparisons of the statistical properties of the (CODAR-type) HF radar data and the observed wind indicate a strong correlation between the dominant alongshore, upwelling-favoring wind-forcing and HF radar-derived surface currents along the central California coastline. Because inadequate knowledge of the wind stress is probably a significant source of error in the model solutions, the idea of using HF radar data to provide corrections to the model wind-forcing is promising. Different HF radar data assimilation schemes are compared and judged based on the correlations observed between model currents and independent observations from two mooring sites. Analysis of correlation maps between model-predicted and observed currents indicates a spatial and temporal shift between modeled and observed features. However, the impact of HF radar data assimilation reduces these spatial and temporal shifts. A significant improvement in the correlation between the model and observed subsurface currents is achieved when an Ekman-layer projection of the corrections is included. In this approach, assimilation of HF radar data produces additional Ekman pumping (vertical velocity) based on the horizontal pattern of model-observed velocity mismatch at the surface. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Paduan, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OCPd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM paduan@nps.edu; igor.shulman@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 28 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C7 AR C07S09 DI 10.1029/2003JC001949 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 829YB UT WOS:000222086700001 ER PT J AU Walker, DN Bowles, JH Amatucci, WE Holland, DL Chen, J AF Walker, DN Bowles, JH Amatucci, WE Holland, DL Chen, J TI The Harris magnetic field: A laboratory realization of the topology based on energy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma; magnetic field; laboratory simulation; energy resonance; magnetotail; nonlinear particle dynamics ID WEAKLY DISTURBED PERIODS; MICROWAVE PLASMA SOURCE; CURRENT SHEET; PARTICLE DYNAMICS; DIFFERENTIAL MEMORY; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; TAIL CURRENT; MODEL; RECONNECTION AB An often-used approximation to the magnetotail field and the reconnection layer magnetic fields is the modified Harris field which consists of a neutral sheet magnetic field profile B-x(z)(x) over cap along with a superimposed normal field B-z(z) over cap. We have designed a configuration of current-carrying conductors and Helmholtz coil fields aimed at producing the topological characteristics of this field. In addition to mapping the geometry of the field we have appealed to another criterion of validity of this simulation, the energy resonance phenomenon. Energy resonance is an essential feature of nonlinear particle dynamics in magnetotail-like magnetic fields. The phenomenon is characterized by periodic peaks and valleys occurring in scattered particle distribution functions when plotted versus energy. The "neutral sheet'' of the simulated field is not actually plasma current which self-consistently is responsible for the magnetic field, but rather the field is produced by planar arrays of current carrying wires. For this reason certain self-consistency requirements on particle orbits in such fields do not arise. Particle injection into the field region, which is formed by 4 conducting wire grids and an external constant field, is accomplished with a programmable electron gun with energies in the range 200 eV to 10 keV. The basic physics of the resonance phenomenon which occurs if the average radius of curvature of the field and the Larmor radius of injected particles are comparable, is scalable from the experiment to the magnetotail environment and has no dimensional dependence. The identification of the resonance effect itself arose from analysis of possible particle phase space orbits in Harris-type fields. A result of this analysis was that the orbits are divided into clearly separate classes from which the resonance phenomenon follows. The creation of the field in the laboratory model includes realistic design considerations related to the method of producing the field. The design is based on using a test particle code which selects a source distribution of particles to "push'' through the modeled magnetic field. Detailed test-particle simulation investigates particle orbits and the effect on resonance of the finite thickness of conducting wires in addition to the finiteness of the apparatus itself. The experimental effort was performed in the large Space Physics Simulation Chamber (SPSC) in the Plasma Physics Division at the Naval Research Laboratory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Illinois State Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Walker, DN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dwalker@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A6 AR A06205 DI 10.1029/2003JA010279 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 829YG UT WOS:000222087400003 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Casalini, R TI Adam-Gibbs model for the supercooled dynamics in the ortho-terphenyl ortho-phenylphenol mixture SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION-TIME; POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; O-TERPHENYL; ALPHA-RELAXATION; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION AB Dielectric measurements of the alpha-relaxation time were carried out on a mixture of ortho-terphenyl (OTP) with ortho-phenylphenol, over a range of temperatures at two pressures, 0.1 and 28.8 MPa. These are the same conditions for which heat capacity, thermal expansivity, and compressibility measurements were reported by Takahara [S. Takahara, M. Ishikawa, O. Yamamuro, and T. Matsuo, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 3288 (1999)] for the same mixture. From the combined dynamic and thermodynamic data, we determine that density and temperature govern to an equivalent degree the variation of the relaxation times with temperature. Over the measured range, the dependence of the relaxation times on configurational entropy is in accord with the Adam-Gibbs model, and this dependence is invariant to pressure. Consistent with the implied connection between relaxation and thermodynamic properties, the kinetic and thermodynamic fragilities are found to have the same pressure independence. In comparing the relaxation properties of the mixture to those of neat OTP, density effects are stronger in the former, perhaps suggestive of less efficient packing. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, INFM, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil; casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 77 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 22 BP 10640 EP 10646 DI 10.1063/1.1739394 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 822KM UT WOS:000221538200030 PM 15268090 ER PT J AU Li, TW Evdokimov, E Shen, RF Chao, CC Tekle, E Wang, T Stadtman, ER Yang, DCH Chock, PB AF Li, TW Evdokimov, E Shen, RF Chao, CC Tekle, E Wang, T Stadtman, ER Yang, DCH Chock, PB TI Sumoylation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, zinc finger proteins, and nuclear pore complex proteins: A proteomic analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SUMO ISOPEPTIDASE; BINDING-PROTEIN; E3 LIGASE; UBIQUITIN; LOCALIZATION; RANBP2; DNA; RANGAP1; DOMAINS AB SUMO, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, is known to covalently attach to a number of nuclear regulatory proteins such as p53, IkappaB, promyelocytic leukemia protein and c-Jun. The sumoylation reaction is catalyzed by the SUMO protease, which exposes the C-terminal active glycine residue of the nascent SUMO, the heterodimeric SUMO activating enzyme, the SUMO conjugating enzyme, Ubc9, and SUMO protein ligases, in a manner similar to ubiquitinylation. Identification of SUMO-regulated proteins is hampered by the fact that many sumoylated proteins are present at a level below normal detection limit. This limitation was overcome by either in vivo overexpression of Myc-SUMO or in vitro sumoylation with excess biotin-SUMO and Ubc9. Sumoylated proteins so obtained were affinity purified or isolated by immunoprecipitation. The isolated sumoylated proteins were identified by sequence analysis using mass spectrometric methods. Results reveal that several heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), zinc finger proteins, and nuclear pore complex proteins were sumoylated. The sumoylation of hnRNP All, hnRNP F, and hnRNP K were confirmed in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation. In view of the facts that hnRNPs have been implicated in RNA splicing, transport, stability, and translation, our findings suggest that sumoylation could play an important role in regulating mRNA metabolism. C1 Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Lab Biochem & Proteom Core Facil, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Yang, DCH (reprint author), Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst, Lab Biochem & Proteom Core Facil, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM pbc@helix.nih.gov RI Chao, Chien-Chung/A-8017-2011; Yang, David/A-7294-2009 NR 33 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 8 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 23 BP 8551 EP 8556 DI 10.1073/pnas.0402889101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 829HC UT WOS:000222037000012 PM 15161980 ER PT J AU Geis, MW Krohn, KE Lawless, JM Deneault, SJ Marchant, MF Twichell, JC Lyszczarz, TM Butler, JE Flechtner, DD Wright, R AF Geis, MW Krohn, KE Lawless, JM Deneault, SJ Marchant, MF Twichell, JC Lyszczarz, TM Butler, JE Flechtner, DD Wright, R TI Optically switched conductivity of epitaxial diamond on nitrogen doped diamond substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIODES; BORON AB Epitaxial diamond with remarkably low p-type doping (1x10(14)-1x10(17) cm(-3)) and exceptionally low compensation similar to1x10(13) cm(-3), has enabled the demonstration of a optically-switched conduction modulation of the epitaxial layer. Charge exchange between the diamond substrate and the epitaxial layer makes it possible to modulate the conductivity of the epitaxial layer. Incandescent light will make the lightly p-doped epitaxial layer insulating and ultraviolet radiation will make the layer conductive again. Once the layer conductivity has been established it will remain in the same electrical state for days, if kept in the dark. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Diamond Microelect Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90402 USA. RP Geis, MW (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM geis@ll.mit.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 23 BP 4620 EP 4622 DI 10.1063/1.1757637 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824AV UT WOS:000221656900008 ER PT J AU Nebert, DW Dalton, TP Okey, AB Gonzalez, FJ AF Nebert, DW Dalton, TP Okey, AB Gonzalez, FJ TI Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated induction of the CYP1 enzymes in environmental toxicity and cancer SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID LUNG-CANCER; HYDROXYLASE-ACTIVITY; AH RECEPTOR; DETERMINES SUSCEPTIBILITY; JAPANESE POPULATION; CYTOCHROMES P450; DEFICIENT MICE; GENE; MOUSE; POLYMORPHISMS AB The mammalian CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 genes (encoding cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1, respectively) are regulated by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The CYP1 enzymes are responsible for both metabolically activating and detoxifying numerous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic amines present in combustion products. Many substrates for CYP1 enzymes are AHR ligands. Differences in AHR affinity between inbred mouse strains reflect variations in CYP1 inducibility and clearly have been shown to be associated with differences in risk of toxicity or cancer caused by PAHs and arylamines. Variability in the human AHR affinity exists, but differences in human risk of toxicity or cancer related to AHR activation remain unproven. Mouse lines having one or another of the Cyp1 genes disrupted have shown paradoxical effects; in the test tube or in cell culture these enzymes show metabolic activation of PAHs or arylamines, whereas in the intact animal these enzymes are sometimes more important in the role of detoxification than metabolic potentiation. Intact animal data contradict pharmaceutical company policies that routinely test drugs under development; if a candidate drug shows CYP1 inducibility, further testing is generally discontinued for fear of possible toxic or carcinogenic effects. In the future, use of "humanized" mouse lines, containing a human AHR or CYP1 allele in place of the orthologous mouse gene, is one likely approach to show that the AHR and the CYP1 enzymes in human behave similarly to that in mouse. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Ctr Environm Genet, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmacol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. USN Hosp, NCI, Lab Metab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Nebert, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Environm Hlth, POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM dan.nebert@uc.edu NR 59 TC 657 Z9 686 U1 12 U2 81 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 4 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 23 BP 23847 EP 23850 DI 10.1074/jbc.R400004200 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 824RA UT WOS:000221702500001 PM 15028720 ER PT J AU Zaveri, NT Jiang, FM Olsen, CM Deschamps, JR Parrish, D Polgar, W Toll, L AF Zaveri, NT Jiang, FM Olsen, CM Deschamps, JR Parrish, D Polgar, W Toll, L TI A novel series of piperidin-4-yl-1,3-dihydroindol-2-ones as agonist and antagonist ligands at the nociceptin receptor SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORPHANIN-FQ; MORPHINE-TOLERANCE; KNOCKOUT MICE; HIGH-AFFINITY; ORL1; RELEASE; DEPENDENCE; EXPRESSION; BINDING AB A series of N-(4-piperidinyl)-2-indolinones were discovered as a new structural class of nociceptin receptor (NOP) ligands. Unlike other previously reported classes of NOP receptor ligands, modifications of the piperidine N substituents afforded both potent agonists and antagonists, with modest selectivities over other opioid receptors. The SAR revealed in this new series will provide important insights for the development of pharmacophores for agonist and antagonist actions at the NOP receptor. C1 SRI Int, Biosci Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zaveri, NT (reprint author), SRI Int, Biosci Div, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nurulain.zaveri@sri.com OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA014026-04, DA 14026, R01 DA014026] NR 27 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUN 3 PY 2004 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2973 EP 2976 DI 10.1021/jm034249d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 825FH UT WOS:000221740900004 PM 15163178 ER PT J AU Jhaveri, SD Trammell, SA Lowy, DA Tender, LM AF Jhaveri, SD Trammell, SA Lowy, DA Tender, LM TI Electron conduction across electrode-immobilized neutravidin bound with biotin-labeled ruthenium pentaamine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CYTOCHROME-C; GOLD ELECTRODES; REDOX ENZYMES; PROTEINS; DESIGN; AVIDIN C1 Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trammell, SA (reprint author), Nova Res Inc, 1900 Elkin St, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. EM sat@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; lmt@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 2 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 21 BP 6540 EP 6541 DI 10.1021/ja037949g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 824FL UT WOS:000221671400019 PM 15161267 ER PT J AU Parsons, BS Vogt, PR Haflidason, H Jung, WY AF Parsons, BS Vogt, PR Haflidason, H Jung, WY TI Seafloor reconnaissance and classification of the Storegga Slide headwall region, Norwegian Sea, using side-scan sonar, video, and photographs acquired on submarine NR-1 SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND SEA; OFFSHORE NORWAY; VORING PLATEAU; CORAL-REEFS; WATER; DIAPIRS; IMAGERY; MARGIN AB The U.S. Navy nuclear research submarine NR-1 was used to investigate the Storegga Slide (Norwegian Sea) shelf break, head-wall, and upper debris-flow fields to a maximum water depth of 630 m (2070 ft). About 275 km (170 mi) of seafloor was traversed in 1 week, collecting 150-kHz side-scan sonar, current speed and direction, bathymetry, optic imagery, and visual observations. Side-scan imagery was used to identify four provinces, some corresponding to distinct optic-scale characteristics. We found the Storegga outer shelf streaked and locally incised by iceberg plow marks or otherwise "lineated" in the side-scan imagery. We attribute the "streaking" to the strong Norwegian-Atlantic Current and perhaps 1 the Norwegian Coastal Current. Despite our short current-sampling "snapshot," we found good agreement between measured current directions and current-generated seafloor features. Along the head-wall, just seaward of the iceberg plow marks, are deep-water, coral (Lophelia pertusa) reefs. Recent instability (post-8.15 ka) along part of the headwall region is indicated by cobble/boulder fields devoid of sessile biota (such as sponges). No obvious fluid expulsion or extensional features were discovered in the small portion of the Storegga Slide that was investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Parsons, BS (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Adv Informat Syst, 540 Huntmar Pk Dr, Herndon, VA USA. EM brian.parsons@gd-ais.com; vogt@qur.nrl.navy.mil; haflidi.haflidason@geo.uib.no NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 88 IS 6 BP 841 EP 855 DI 10.1306/01260403097 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 827SC UT WOS:000221919900009 ER PT J AU Brewer, PJ Lane, PA deMello, AJ Bradley, DDC deMello, JC AF Brewer, PJ Lane, PA deMello, AJ Bradley, DDC deMello, JC TI Internal field screening in polymer light-emitting diodes SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SOLAR-CELLS; INJECTION; ELECTROABSORPTION; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; MORPHOLOGY AB We use electromodulation spectroscopy and modeling studies to probe the electric-field distribution in polyfluorene-based polymer light-emitting diodes containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate). The bulk internal field is shown to be zero under ordinary operating conditions, with trapped electrons close to the anode fully screening the bulk semiconductor from the external field. The effect has far-reaching implications for the understanding and optimization of organic devices. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.demello@ic.ac.uk RI Bradley, Donal/F-6068-2011 OI Bradley, Donal/0000-0001-8713-5060 NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 562 EP 570 DI 10.1002/adfm.200305126 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 834MW UT WOS:000222416200005 ER PT J AU Ha, YH Nikolov, N Pollack, SK Mastrangelo, J Martin, BD Shashidhar, R AF Ha, YH Nikolov, N Pollack, SK Mastrangelo, J Martin, BD Shashidhar, R TI Towards a transparent, highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMUM REACTION CONDITIONS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NOBEL LECTURE; POLYMERIZATION; DERIVATIVES; DIODES; PEDOT; 3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE; FILMS AB A detailed investigation of the processing parameters influencing the oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and a methanol-substituted derivative (EDOT-CH2OH) was performed with the goal of maximising the conductivity of the polymer. We show that the conductivity can be significantly enhanced by varying the monomer, oxidant (iron(m)/p-toule-nesulfonate (Fe(OTs)(3))), weak base (imidazole (Im)), solvent (various alcohols), and solution concentrations. The effect of each variable on the final materials properties is investigated, and the parameters have been optimised to achieve conductivities as high as 900 S cm(-1). Surface resistance below 150 Omega/square for 80-90 nm thick films with visible-spectrum transparency exceeding 80% is achieved. The combination of these properties makes the films highly suitable for numerous device applications. C1 Geo Ctr, Washington, DC 20003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ha, YH (reprint author), Geo Ctr, Maritime Pl 1,1201 St SE,Suite 50, Washington, DC 20003 USA. EM rshashidhar@geo-centers.com NR 39 TC 165 Z9 167 U1 6 U2 86 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.1002/adfm.200305059 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 834MW UT WOS:000222416200012 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Corbeil, TE Ryan, MAK Heller, JM Gray, GC AF Smith, TC Corbeil, TE Ryan, MAK Heller, JM Gray, GC TI In-theater hospitalizations of US and allied personnel during the 1991 Gulf War SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental exposure; hospitalization; military medicine; morbidity; occupational exposure; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID DEPARTMENT-OF-DEFENSE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; MILITARY PERSONNEL; CHEMICAL WARFARE; VETERANS; HEALTH; MORTALITY; ILLNESS; FORCES; EXPERIENCE AB The postwar morbidity of Gulf War veterans has been closely examined. However, data have not been available to evaluate morbidity suffered during the 1991 Gulf War. In this report, the authors examine archived records of hospitalizations in US military facilities in the Kuwaiti theater of operations or those medically evacuated to facilities in Europe. Using multivariable logistic regression modeling, the authors determined that service personnel at greatest odds for "in-theater" hospitalization were enlisted, female, White, Reservist, Army, and health care workers. No increase in odds was observed for oil well fire smoke exposure or possible exposure to the nerve agent hazard areas. Although these data may be incomplete, they represent the best-known data reflecting in-theater hospitalizations during the Gulf War of 1991 and show remarkable similarities in risk factors to those for postwar hospitalization. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Smith@nhrc.navy.mil NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 11 BP 1064 EP 1076 DI 10.1093/aje/kwh152 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 822RH UT WOS:000221557100007 PM 15155291 ER PT J AU Denardo, B Simmons, TG AF Denardo, B Simmons, TG TI An acoustic radiometer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SONOLUMINESCENCE; BACKWARDS AB In contrast to Crookes' radiometer, which rotates due to electromagnetic radiation, the analogous acoustic radiometer demonstrates radiation pressure. The apparatus consists of two panes attached to opposite ends of a horizontal arm that is pivoted at its center. One side of either pane is acoustically reflective and the other absorptive. The apparatus rotates when placed in an enclosure of high-intensity acoustic noise. Experimental values of the terminal angular velocity are in reasonable agreement with approximate theoretical predictions based on radiation pressure. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Denardo, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM denardo@nps.navy.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 72 IS 6 BP 843 EP 845 DI 10.1119/1.1645287 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 821YW UT WOS:000221500400018 ER PT J AU Jones, FR Sanchez, JL Meza, R Batsel, TM Burga, R Canal, E Block, K Perez, J Bautista, CT Escobedo, J Walz, SE AF Jones, FR Sanchez, JL Meza, R Batsel, TM Burga, R Canal, E Block, K Perez, J Bautista, CT Escobedo, J Walz, SE TI Short report: High incidence of shigellosis among peruvian soldiers deployed in the Amazon River basin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID STATES-MILITARY PERSONNEL; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA AB We investigated the etiology of acute diarrhea among Peruvian military recruits undergoing three months of basic combat training near the Amazonian city of Iquitos. From January through September 2002, 307 of 967 recruits were seen at the Health Post for diarrhea (attack rate [AR] = 31.8%, incidence = 1.28 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-1.43] episodes/person-year). Shigella spp. were the most common bacterial pathogen recovered from recruits experiencing diarrhea episodes. These bacteria were isolated from 89 (40%) of 225 diarrheal stools examined (AR = 7.6%, incidence = 0.30 [95% CI = 0.24-0.38] episodes/person-year). Most (83 of 90; 92%) of the Shigella isolates were S. flexneri, of which 57 (69%) were serotype 2a. Seventy-six percent of Shigella isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and all were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Peruvian soldiers may be an excellent population in which to test the efficacy of S. flexneri vaccines in advanced development. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. US No Command, Colorado Springs, CO USA. USN Med Res Ctr Detachment Satellite Lab, Iquitos, Peru. Vargas Guerra Army Base Hlth Post, Iquitos, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Jones, FR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. EM jones@nmrcd.med.navy.mil; jsanchez@hivresearch.org; Tanis.Batsel@northcom.mil; walzs@nmrc.navy.mil RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 BP 663 EP 665 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 831IK UT WOS:000222187900015 PM 15211010 ER PT J AU Joyner, D AF Joyner, D TI Toric codes over finite fields SO APPLICABLE ALGEBRA IN ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE AG codes; toric varieties; Reed-Muller codes ID ERROR-CORRECTING CODES AB In this note, a class of error-correcting codes is associated to a toric variety defined over a finite field F-q, analogous to the class of AG codes associated to a curve. For small q, many of these codes have parameters beating the Gilbert-Varshamov bound. In fact, using toric codes, we construct a (n,k,d)=(49,11,28) code over F-8, which is better than any other known code listed in Brouwer's tables for that n, k and q. We give upper and lower bounds on the minimum distance. We conclude with a discussion of some decoding methods. Many examples are given throughout. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyner, D (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdj@usna.edu NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-1279 J9 APPL ALGEBR ENG COMM JI Appl. Algebr. Eng. Commun. Comput. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 1 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s00200-004-0152-x PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 825UB UT WOS:000221782800005 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Li, Y Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Li, Y Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power optimization of open-cycle regenerator gas-turbine power-plants SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE open cycle regenerator gas-turbine; power output; heat-conversion efficiency; pressure-drop loss; power optimization ID BRAYTON HEAT ENGINE; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; MAXIMUM POWER; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE; FLUID-FLOW; EFFICIENCY AB A performance analysis and optimization of a open-cycle regenerator gas-turbine power-plant is performed in this paper. The analytical formulae about the relation between power output and cycle overall pressure-ratio are derived taking into account the eight pressure-drop losses in the intake, compression, regeneration, combustion, expansion and discharge processes and flow process in the piping, the heat-transfer. loss to the ambient environment, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor. and the turbine,. and the irreversible combustion loss in the combustion chamber. The power,output is optimized by adjusting the mass-flow rate and the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path. Also, it is shown that the power output has a maximum with respect to the fuel-flow rate or any of the overall pressure-drops and the maximized power output has an additional maximum with respect to the overall pressure-ratio. The numerical example shows the effects of design parameters on the power output and heat-conversion efficiency. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 43 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD JUN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 199 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.08.005 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 810AO UT WOS:000220677400006 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Horwitz, JS Qadri, SB Kirchoefer, SW Hubert, C Levy, J AF Bubb, DM Horwitz, JS Qadri, SB Kirchoefer, SW Hubert, C Levy, J TI (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition with low dielectric loss at microwave frequencies SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID STRAIN AB We report a method for producing BST films with consistently high figures of merit for tunable microwave applications. (Ba1-x,Sr-x)TiO3 (x=0.4, target doped with 1% W) thin films have been deposited using pulsed laser deposition onto (100)MgO substrates. Films were deposited at low partial pressures of oxygen (50 mTorr) at a substrate temperature of 730 degreesC. An analysis of the X-ray diffraction data indicates that the film has a nearly cubic structure, with the overall lattice parameter enlarged relative to the bulk material due to the presence of oxygen vacancies. A post-deposition anneal of the film in flowing oxygen (1000 degreesC for 6 h) resulted in a decrease in the lattice parameter while remaining nearly cubic. An analysis of the microwave dielectric properties (1-20 GHz) showed that the annealed film exhibited about 10% tunability for an applied bias field of 67 kV/cm with a dielectric Q(1/tandelta)>600. Investigation of the films by time-resolved confocal scanning optical microscopy (CSOM) has revealed that there is an out-of-plane polarization at zero applied field (E-DC=0). The results show that the paraelectric response is relatively insensitive to applied field, while the ferroelectric response is correlated with the growth of in-plane nanodomains. We find these results to be consistent with a large number of studies that show that strain-relief is of paramount importance if ferroelectric films are to be developed as microwave circuit components. C1 Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. EM bubbdani@shu.edu RI Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s00339-003-2396-x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 805SI UT WOS:000220385600017 ER PT J AU Golimowski, DA Leggett, SK Marley, MS Fan, X Geballe, TR Knapp, GR Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Guetter, HH Munn, JA Canzian, B Zheng, W Tsvetanov, ZI Chiu, K Glazebrook, K Hoversten, EA Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J AF Golimowski, DA Leggett, SK Marley, MS Fan, X Geballe, TR Knapp, GR Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Guetter, HH Munn, JA Canzian, B Zheng, W Tsvetanov, ZI Chiu, K Glazebrook, K Hoversten, EA Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J TI L ' and M ' photometry of ultracool dwarfs SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; INFRARED FILTER SET; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COOL BROWN DWARF; T-DWARFS; GLIESE 229B; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS AB We have compiled L' (3.4 - 4.1 mum) and M' (4.6 - 4.8 mum) photometry of 63 single and binary M, L, and T dwarfs obtained at the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope using the Mauna Kea Observatory filter set. This compilation includes new L' measurements of eight L dwarfs and 13 T dwarfs and new M' measurements of seven L dwarfs, five T dwarfs, and the M1 dwarf Gl 229A. These new data increase by factors of 0.6 and 1.6, respectively, the numbers of ultracool dwarfs (T-eff less than or similar to2400 K) for which L' and M' measurements have been reported. We compute L-bol, BCK, and T-eff for 42 dwarfs whose flux-calibrated JHK spectra, L' photometry, and trigonometric parallaxes are available, and we estimate these quantities for nine other dwarfs whose parallaxes and flux-calibrated spectra have been obtained. BCK is a well-behaved function of near-infrared spectral type with a dispersion of similar to 0.1 mag for types M6 - T5; it is significantly more scattered for types T5 - T9. T-eff declines steeply and monotonically for types M6 - L7 and T4 - T9, but it is nearly constant at similar to 1450 K for types L7 - T4 with assumed ages of similar to 3 Gyr. This constant T-eff is evidenced by nearly unchanging values of L'-M' between types L6 and T3. It also supports recent models that attribute the changing near-infrared luminosities and spectral features across the L-T transition to the rapid migration, disruption, and/or thinning of condensate clouds over a narrow range of T-eff. The L' and M' luminosities of early-T dwarfs do not exhibit the pronounced humps or inflections previously noted in the I through K bands, but insufficient data exist for types L6 - T5 to assert that M-L' and M-M' are strictly monotonic within this range of types. We compare the observed K, L', and M' luminosities of L and T dwarfs in our sample with those predicted by precipitating-cloud and cloud-free models for varying surface gravities and sedimentation efficiencies. The models indicate that the L3-T4.5 dwarfs generally have higher gravities ( log g = 5.0 - 5.5) than the T6 - T9 dwarfs ( log g = 4.5 - 5.0). The predicted M' luminosities of late-T dwarfs are 1.5 - 2.5 times larger than those derived empirically for the late-T dwarfs in our sample. This discrepancy is attributed to absorption at 4.5 - 4.9 mum by CO, which is not expected under the condition of thermochemical equilibrium assumed in the models. Our photometry and bolometric calculations indicate that the L3 dwarf Kelu-1 and the T0 dwarf SDSS J042348.57 - 041403.5 are probable binary systems. We compute log (L-bol/L-.) = - 5.73 +/- 0.05 and T-eff = 600 - 750 K for the T9 dwarf 2MASSI J0415195 - 093506, which supplants Gl 570D as the least luminous and coolest brown dwarf presently known. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 88 TC 373 Z9 373 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3516 EP 3536 DI 10.1086/420709 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828VU UT WOS:000222002600035 ER PT J AU Knapp, GR Leggett, SK Fan, X Marley, MS Geballe, TR Golimowski, DA Finkbeiner, D Gunn, JE Hennawi, J Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ Strauss, MA Tsvetanov, ZI Chiu, K Hoversten, EA Glazebrook, K Zheng, W Hendrickson, M Williams, CC Uomoto, A Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Guetter, HH Munn, JA Canzian, B Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J AF Knapp, GR Leggett, SK Fan, X Marley, MS Geballe, TR Golimowski, DA Finkbeiner, D Gunn, JE Hennawi, J Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Schlegel, DJ Strauss, MA Tsvetanov, ZI Chiu, K Hoversten, EA Glazebrook, K Zheng, W Hendrickson, M Williams, CC Uomoto, A Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB Guetter, HH Munn, JA Canzian, B Schneider, DP Brinkmann, J TI Near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy of L and T dwarfs: The effects of temperature, clouds, and gravity SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; LOW-MASS STARS; BROWN DWARFS; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; SUBSTELLAR OBJECTS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; BINARY-SYSTEMS AB We present new JHK photometry on the MKO-NIR system and JHK spectroscopy for a large sample of L and T dwarfs. Photometry has been obtained for 71 dwarfs, and spectroscopy for 56. The sample comprises newly identified very red objects from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and known dwarfs from the SDSS and the Two Micron All Sky Survey ( 2MASS). Spectral classification has been carried out using four previously defined indices from Geballe et al. that measure the strengths of the near infrared water and methane bands. We identify nine new L8 - 9.5 dwarfs and 14 new T dwarfs from SDSS, including the latest yet found by SDSS, the T7 dwarf SDSS J175805.46+463311.9. We classify 2MASS J04151954 - 0935066 as T9, the latest and coolest dwarf found to date. We combine the new results with our previously published data to produce a sample of 59 L dwarfs and 42 T dwarfs with imaging data on a single photometric system and with uniform spectroscopic classification. We compare the near-infrared colors and absolute magnitudes of brown dwarfs near the L - T transition with predictions made by models of the distribution and evolution of photospheric condensates. There is some scatter in the Geballe et al. spectral indices for L dwarfs, suggesting that these indices are probing different levels of the atmosphere and are affected by the location of the condensate cloud layer. The near-infrared colors of the L dwarfs also show scatter within a given spectral type, which is likely due to variations in the altitudes, spatial distributions, and thicknesses of the clouds. We have identified a small group of late-L dwarfs that are relatively blue for their spectral type and that have enhanced FeH, H2O, and K I absorption, possibly due to an unusually small amount of condensates. The scatter seen in the H - K color for late-T dwarfs can be reproduced by models with a range in surface gravity. The variation is probably due to the effect on the K-band flux of pressure-induced H-2 opacity. The correlation of H - K color with gravity is supported by the observed strengths of the J-band K I doublet. Gravity is closely related to mass for field T dwarfs with ages greater than 10(8) yr and the gravities implied by the H - K colors indicate that the T dwarfs in our sample have masses in the range 15 - 75M(Jupiter). One of the SDSS dwarfs, SDSS J111010.01+ 011613.1, is possibly a very low mass object, with log g similar to 4.2 - 4.5 and mass similar to 10 - 15M(Jupiter). C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 99 TC 356 Z9 357 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3553 EP 3578 DI 10.1086/420707 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828VU UT WOS:000222002600037 ER PT J AU Fey, AL Ma, C Arias, EF Charlot, P Feissel-Vernier, M Gontier, AM Jacobs, CS Li, J MacMillan, DS AF Fey, AL Ma, C Arias, EF Charlot, P Feissel-Vernier, M Gontier, AM Jacobs, CS Li, J MacMillan, DS TI The second extension of the International Celestial Reference Frame: ICRF-EXT.1 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; reference systems; techniques : interferometric ID RADIO REFERENCE FRAME; EXTRAGALACTIC REFERENCE SYSTEM; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; VLBA CALIBRATOR SURVEY; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY; DELAY AB We use very long baseline interferometry data obtained between mid-1995 and the end of 2002 May together with older data to extend and revise the International Celestial Reference Frame ( ICRF). Revised positions of ICRF candidate and "other'' sources, based on inclusion of the additional data, are presented. Positions, in the frame of the ICRF, for an additional 109 new sources are also presented. All but four of the new sources are located north of delta = -30degrees. Positions of the ICRF defining sources remain unchanged. We present a summary of current astrometric and geodetic observing programs and discuss the evolution and future of the ICRF. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NASA, Space Geodesy Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, CNRS, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. Observ Paris, UMR 8630, F-75014 Paris, France. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RI Ma, Chopo/D-4751-2012 NR 38 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3587 EP 3608 DI 10.1086/420998 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828VU UT WOS:000222002600039 ER PT J AU Ojha, R Fey, AL Johnston, KJ Jauncey, DL Reynolds, JE Tzioumis, AK Quick, JFH Nicolson, GD Ellingsen, SP Dodson, RG McCulloch, PM AF Ojha, R Fey, AL Johnston, KJ Jauncey, DL Reynolds, JE Tzioumis, AK Quick, JFH Nicolson, GD Ellingsen, SP Dodson, RG McCulloch, PM TI VLBI observations of southern hemisphere ICRF sources. I. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; galaxies : active; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; reference systems; surveys ID RADIO REFERENCE FRAME; OPTICAL REFERENCE FRAME; ADDITIONAL SOURCE POSITIONS; BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY; 5 GHZ AB We present 8.4 GHz very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of 69 southern hemisphere extragalactic sources in the International Celestial Reference Frame. These are the first in a series of observations intended to image all such sources at milliarcsecond resolution in order to determine their continued suitability for reference-frame use based on intrinsic structure. We use the resultant images to calculate a core fraction, that is, the ratio of core flux density to total flux density, for all observed sources. The resulting distribution, with a mean value of 0.83, suggests that most sources are relatively compact. However, just over half the observed sources show significant extended emission in the form of multiple compact components. These sources are probably poorly suited for high-accuracy reference-frame use unless intrinsic structure and potential variability can be taken into account. Our observations represent the first large, comprehensive VLBI imaging survey in the southern hemisphere, significantly extending the existing limited VLBI surveys and, along with some well-known objects, containing many sources that have never been imaged at milliarcsecond resolution. The overlap with Very Long Baseline Array images of sources between 0degrees and -35degrees declination helps determine the limits to imaging with the southern hemisphere - accessible telescopes. C1 CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Hartebeesthoek Radio Astron Observ, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Ojha, R (reprint author), CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RI Ellingsen, Simon/J-7754-2014 OI Ellingsen, Simon/0000-0002-1363-5457 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3609 EP 3621 DI 10.1086/421001 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828VU UT WOS:000222002600040 ER PT J AU Vreeswijk, PM Ellison, SL Ledoux, C Wijers, RAMJ Fynbo, JPU Moller, P Henden, A Hjorth, J Masi, G Rol, E Jensen, BL Tanvir, N Levan, A Ceron, JMC Gorosabel, J Castro-Tirado, AJ Fruchter, AS Kouveliotou, C Burud, I Rhoads, J Masetti, N Palazzi, E Pian, E Pedersen, H Kaper, L Gilmore, A Kilmartin, P Buckle, JV Seigar, MS Hartmann, DH Lindsay, K van den Heuvel, EPJ AF Vreeswijk, PM Ellison, SL Ledoux, C Wijers, RAMJ Fynbo, JPU Moller, P Henden, A Hjorth, J Masi, G Rol, E Jensen, BL Tanvir, N Levan, A Ceron, JMC Gorosabel, J Castro-Tirado, AJ Fruchter, AS Kouveliotou, C Burud, I Rhoads, J Masetti, N Palazzi, E Pian, E Pedersen, H Kaper, L Gilmore, A Kilmartin, P Buckle, JV Seigar, MS Hartmann, DH Lindsay, K van den Heuvel, EPJ TI The host of GRB 030323 at z=3.372: A very high column density DLA system with a low metallicity SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE gamma rays : bursts; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : quasars : absorption lines; ISM : dust, extinction ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; LYMAN-ALPHA SYSTEMS; INTERSTELLAR MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; INFRARED EXTINCTION LAW; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; 14 DECEMBER 1997; 29 MARCH 2003; STAR-FORMATION; ABSORPTION SYSTEMS; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW AB We present photometry and spectroscopy of the afterglow of GRB 030323. VET spectra of the afterglow show damped Lyalpha (DLA) absorption and low- and high-ionization lines at a redshift z = 3.3718 +/- 0.0005. The inferred neutral hydrogen column density, log N(H I) = 21.90 +/- 0.07, is larger than any (GRB- or QSO-) DLA H I column density inferred directly from Lyalpha in absorption, From the afterglow photometry, we derive a conservative upper limit to the host-galaxy extinction: A(V) < 0.5 mag. The iron abundance is [Fe/H] = -1.47 &PLUSMN; 0.11, while the rnetallicity of the gas as measured from sulphur is [S/H] = -1.26 &PLUSMN; 0.20. We derive an upper limit on the H-2 molecular fraction of 2N(H-2)/(2N(H-2) + N(H I)) &LSIM; 10(-6). In the Lyα trough, a Lyα emission line is detected, which corresponds to a star-formation rate (not corrected for dust extinction) of roughly I M. yr(-1). All these results are consistent with the host galaxy of GRB 030323 consisting of a low metallicity gas with a low dust content. We detect fine-structure lines of silicon, Si II*, which have never been clearly detected in QSO-DLAs; this Suggests that these lines are produced in the vicinity of the GRB explosion site. Under the assumption that these fine-structure levels are Populated by particle collisions, we estimate the H I volume density to be n(H I) = 10(2)-10(4) cm(-3). HST/ACS imaging 4 months after the burst shows an extended AB(F606W) = 28.0 &PLUSMN; 0.3 mag object at a distance of 0.&DPRIME;14 (1 kpc) from the early afterglow location, which presumably is the host galaxy of GRB 030323. C1 European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Vreeswijk, PM (reprint author), European So Observ, Alonso Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile. EM pvreeswi@eso.org RI Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/E-1275-2015; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; OI Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/0000-0002-0906-9771; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666 NR 103 TC 183 Z9 183 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 419 IS 3 BP 927 EP 940 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20040086 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 827PO UT WOS:000221913100020 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Landi, E Curdt, W AF Feldman, U Landi, E Curdt, W TI Newly identified forbidden transitions within the ground configuration of ions of very low abundance P, Cl, K, and Co SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : identification; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES; ANGSTROM WAVELENGTH RANGE; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; N=2 CONFIGURATIONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR; SUMER; IDENTIFICATIONS AB Forbidden lines from transitions within the ground configuration of highly ionized atoms occupy an important role in diagnosing the properties of astrophysical plasmas. In this paper we report the identification of forbidden lines in the 500-1500 Angstrom range from transitions within the ground configuration of highly ionized ions of the very low abundance phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, and cobalt recorded by SOHO SUMER. For the newly identified lines we provide upper level fractional populations multiplied by relevant spontaneous decay rates. Aided by the newly identified lines, the coronal composition of elements with photospheric abundances of 5 x10(-7)-1 x 10(-8) relative to hydrogen could be established. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 2 BP 1039 EP 1045 DI 10.1086/383532 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LC UT WOS:000221540100039 ER PT J AU Barron, JA Wu, P Ladouceur, HD Ringeisen, BR AF Barron, JA Wu, P Ladouceur, HD Ringeisen, BR TI Biological laser printing: A novel technique for creating heterogeneous 3-dimensional cell patterns SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE biological laser printing (BioLP); cell printing; cell patterning; tissue engineering ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; DIRECT-WRITE; PROTEIN NANOSTRUCTURES; DAMAGE; OPPORTUNITIES; EVAPORATION; LITHOGRAPHY; CHALLENGES; DNA AB We have developed a laser-based printing technique, called biological laser printing (BioLP(TM)). BioLP is a non-contact, orifice-free technique that rapidly deposits fL to nL scale volumes of biological material with spatial accuracy better than 5 pm. The printer's orifice-free nature allows for transfer of a wide range of biological material onto a variety of substrates. Control of transfer is performed via a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system which allows for deposition rates up to 100 pixels of biological material per second using the current laser systems. In this article, we present a description of the apparatus, a model of the transfer process, and a comparison to other biological printing techniques. Further, examples of current system capabilities, such as adjacent deposition of multiple cell types, large-scale cell arrays, and preliminary experiments on creating multi-layer cell constructs are presented. These cell printing experiments not only demonstrate near 100% viability, they also are the first steps toward using BioLP to create heterogeneous 3-dimensional constructs for use in tissue engineering applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Ashland, OR USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ringeisn@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 173 Z9 184 U1 2 U2 49 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD JUN PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1023/B:BMMD.0000031751.67267.9f PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 829BF UT WOS:000222017300007 PM 15320636 ER PT J AU Fricke, B Jarvis, HG Reid, CDL Aguilar-Martinez, P Robert, A Quittet, P Chetty, M Pizzey, A Cynober, T Lande, WF Mentzer, WC von During, M Winter, S Delaunay, J Stewart, GW AF Fricke, B Jarvis, HG Reid, CDL Aguilar-Martinez, P Robert, A Quittet, P Chetty, M Pizzey, A Cynober, T Lande, WF Mentzer, WC von During, M Winter, S Delaunay, J Stewart, GW TI Four new cases of stomatin-deficient hereditary stomatocytosis syndrome: association of the stomatin-deficient cryohydrocytosis variant with neurological dysfunction SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE congenital haemolytic anaemia; stomatin; hepatomegaly; cataracts; seizures ID INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; BRITISH FAMILIES; ALLIED DISORDERS; ERYTHROCYTE; BAND-7; CELLS; GENE; NA; PSEUDOHYPERKALEMIA; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB This report concerns congenitally Na(+)-K(+) leaky red cells of the 'hereditary stomatocytosis' class. Three new isolated cases and one new pedigree are described, and one previously reported case is expanded. In all cases, Western blotting of red cell membranes revealed a deficiency in the 32 kDa membrane protein, stomatin. All showed pronounced cation leaks at 37degreesC with markedly abnormal intracellular Na(+) and K(+) concentrations, like all other such stomatin-deficient cases. Consistent with recent findings in two previously described British pedigrees, immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the deficiency of stomatin was not complete. On typical blood films, some red cells showed positive stomatin immunoreactivity, while most were negative, although in one case only a minority were negative. All platelets and neutrophils were stomatin positive. The cases differed markedly between themselves with regard to the temperature dependence of the passive leak to K(+). Three showed a simple monotonic temperature dependence, while two showed a minimum at around 20-25degreesC, such that the cells were extremely leaky at 0degreesC, giving the phenotype known as 'cryohydrocytosis'. These patients are the only two known cases of stomatin-deficient cryohydrocytosis. Both showed a congenital syndrome of mental retardation, seizures, cataracts and massive hepatosplenomegaly, probably defining a new haemato-neurological syndrome. C1 UCL, Rayne Inst, Dept Med, London WC1E 6JJ, England. Inst Anat, Abt Neuroanat, Bochum, Germany. Northwick Pk Hosp & Clin Res Ctr, Dept Haematol, Harrow HA1 3UJ, Middx, England. Cent Hematol Lab, Montpellier, France. Hop St Eloi, Montpellier, France. Hop Enfants, Toulouse, France. UCL, Rayne Inst, Dept Haematol, London, England. Hop Bicetre, Lab Hematol Immunol & Cytogenet, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. Naval Hosp, Dept Pediat & Clin Invest, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Stewart, GW (reprint author), UCL, Rayne Inst, Dept Med, Univ St, London WC1E 6JJ, England. EM g.stewart@ucl.ac.uk RI Pizzey, Arnold/E-6301-2015 OI Pizzey, Arnold/0000-0003-1850-1121 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL20985, HL27059]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 32094] NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0007-1048 J9 BRIT J HAEMATOL JI Br. J. Haematol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 125 IS 6 BP 796 EP 803 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04965.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 826YK UT WOS:000221865200013 PM 15180870 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI Operational research in war and peace: The British experience from the 1930s to 1970. SO BUSINESS HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PI BOSTON PA BUSINESS HISTORY REVIEW, 60 HARVARD WAY, BOSTON, MA 02163 USA SN 0007-6805 J9 BUS HIST REV JI Bus. Hist. Rev. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 78 IS 2 BP 343 EP 345 PG 3 WC Business; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 851SO UT WOS:000223705800027 ER PT J AU Touzi, R Boerner, WM Lee, JS Lueneburg, E AF Touzi, R Boerner, WM Lee, JS Lueneburg, E TI A review of polarimetry in the context of synthetic aperture radar: concepts and information extraction SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID TARGET DECOMPOSITION-THEOREMS; COMPLEX WISHART DISTRIBUTION; OPTIMAL SPECKLE REDUCTION; PARTIALLY POLARIZED-LIGHT; SAR DATA; SCATTERING MATRIX; UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; OPTIMAL POLARIZATIONS; INVERSE SCATTERING AB This study provides an update of the polarimetric tools currently being used for optimum information extraction from polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The basics of polarimetric theory are summarized and discussed in the context of SAR. Calibration of polarimetric SAR, which is an important issue for the extraction of meaningful polarization information, is reviewed. Information extraction using the scattered and received wave parameters and target decomposition theory is considered. In particular, the use of coherent versus incoherent target decomposition is discussed and the practical limitations of these target decompositions are outlined. Speckle filtering and classification of polarimetric SAR images are also thoroughly analyzed, and the important directions for future research are outlined. C1 Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Commun & Sensing Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Wessling, Germany. RP Touzi, R (reprint author), Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 588 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. EM Ridha.Touzi@ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca NR 219 TC 120 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 16 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 380 EP 407 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 845PF UT WOS:000223256100017 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Morgan, DS Billings, L Lai, YC AF Schwartz, IB Morgan, DS Billings, L Lai, YC TI Multi-scale continuum mechanics: From global bifurcations to noise induced high-dimensional chaos SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID LYAPUNOV EXPONENT; SPACE STRUCTURES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; OSCILLATORS; VARIABILITY; VERIFICATION; MODES; SLOW; FLOW AB Many mechanical systems consist of continuum mechanical structures, having either linear or nonlinear elasticity or geometry, coupled to nonlinear oscillators. In this paper, we consider the class of linear continua coupled to mechanical pendula. In such mechanical systems, there often exist several natural time scales determined by the physics of the problem. Using a time scale splitting, we analyze a prototypical structural-mechanical system consisting of a planar nonlinear pendulum coupled to a flexible rod made of linear viscoelastic material. In this system both low-dimensional and high-dimensional chaos is observed. The low-dimensional chaos appears in the limit of small coupling between the continua and oscillator, where the natural frequency of the primary mode of the rod is much greater than the natural frequency of the pendulum. In this case, the motion resides on a slow manifold. As the coupling is increased, global motion moves off of the slow manifold and high-dimensional chaos is observed. We present a numerical bifurcation analysis of the resulting system illustrating the mechanism for the onset of high-dimensional chaos. Constrained invariant sets are computed to reveal a process from low-dimensional to high-dimensional transitions. Applications will be to both deterministic and stochastic bifurcations. Practical implications of the bifurcation from low-dimensional to high-dimensional chaos for detection of damage as well as global effects of noise will also be discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM schwartz@nlschaos.nrl.navy.mil RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 373 EP 386 DI 10.1063/1.1651691 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 824UJ UT WOS:000221712100019 PM 15189066 ER PT J AU Todd, MD Erickson, K Chang, L Lee, K Nichols, JM AF Todd, MD Erickson, K Chang, L Lee, K Nichols, JM TI Using chaotic interrogation and attractor nonlinear cross-prediction error to detect fastener preload loss in an aluminum frame SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE DETECTION; TIME-SERIES; CORRELATION DIMENSION; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHMS; EXCITATION; INCREASE; SENSORS AB Structural health monitoring is an important field concerned with assessing the current state (or "health") of a structural system or component with regard to its ability to perform its intended function appropriately. One approach to this problem is identifying appropriate features obtained from time series vibration responses of the structure that change as structural degradation occurs. In this work, we present a novel technique adapted from the nonlinear time series prediction community whereby the structure is excited by an applied chaotic waveform, and predictive maps built between structural response attractors are used as the feature space. The structural response is measured at several points on the structure, and pairs of attractors are used to predict each other. As the dynamics of the structure change due to damage, the prediction error rises. This approach is applied to detecting the preload loss in a bolted joint in an aluminum frame structure. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mdt@ucsd.edu; ekarl@ucla.edu; lillian.chang@stanford.edu; leeke@erau.edu; pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 51 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 EI 1089-7682 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 387 EP 399 DI 10.1063/1.1688091 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 824UJ UT WOS:000221712100020 PM 15189067 ER PT J AU Chatterji, A Ochoa, WF Paine, M Ratna, BR Johnson, JE Lin, TW AF Chatterji, A Ochoa, WF Paine, M Ratna, BR Johnson, JE Lin, TW TI New addresses on an addressable virus nanoblock: Uniquely reactive lys residues on cowpea mosaic virus SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPRAMOLECULAR BUILDING-BLOCKS; RESOLUTION; TEMPLATES; PARTICLES; MOLSCRIPT; DNA AB Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a robust, icosahedrally symmetric platform successfully used for attaching a variety of molecular substrates including proteins, fluorescent labels, and metals. The symmetric distribution and high local concentration of the attached molecules generates novel properties for the 30 nm particles. We report new CPMV reagent particles generated by systematic replacement of surface lysines with arginine residues. The relative reactivity of each lysine on the native particle was determined, and the two most reactive lysine residues were then created as single attachment sites by replacing all other lysines with arginine residues. Structural analysis of gold derivatization not only corroborated the specific reactivity of these unique lysine residues but also demonstrated their dramatically different presentation environment. Combined with site-directed cystine mutations, it is now possible to uniquely double label CPMV, expanding its use as an addressable nanoblock. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Ctr Integrat Mol Biosci, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, JE (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Ctr Integrat Mol Biosci, Dept Mol Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jackj@scripps.edu; twlin@scripps.edu FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB 00432-02] NR 24 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.04.011 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 834KI UT WOS:000222409600017 PM 15217618 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Cooper, AL Mied, RP Lindemann, GJ Trizna, DB Porter, DL AF Marmorino, GO Cooper, AL Mied, RP Lindemann, GJ Trizna, DB Porter, DL TI Onshore propagation of a buoyant ocean front observed using a shore-based marine radar SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE frontal convergence; frontal cusps; upwelling relaxation; marine radar; duck; NC (USA) ID GRAVITY CURRENT FRONTS; BAY OUTFLOW PLUME; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SURFACE CURRENTS; ESTUARINE PLUME; NORTH-CAROLINA; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB An analysis is presented of a 2-h-long time series of X-band marine radar images, collected at Duck, North Carolina (USA), that captured the evolution of a buoyant ocean front as it propagated onshore, following a period of upwelling-favorable winds. In plan view, the front exhibits a scallop-shaped structure similar to that previously observed along strongly convergent fronts. This alongshore structure consists of broad frontal crests (a few hundred meters in length) alternating with sharply angled troughs, or frontal cusps. The evolution of these frontal shapes is explored using a reduced-gravity model (Cooper et at., J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 106 (2001) 16887) that allows for nonlinear self-interaction of a propagating front. A model simulation shows cusps that develop quickly from initially broad troughs and that point toward the buoyant water, features resembling the observations. However, the simulation also shows a continuous oscillation of frontal shapes, while the observed front reaches a quasi-steady plan form. We attribute this difference in behavior to the gradual shoaling of the observed front as it steadily advances, ultimately reaching water depths of less than 2 m, which is comparable to the thickness of the buoyant layer. As a consequence of the shoaling, we suggest the cusps become sites of enhanced mixing, where water inshore of the front is also accelerated seaward. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 9 BP 951 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.03.011 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 829VO UT WOS:000222078600001 ER PT J AU Connolly, BJ Meng, Q Moran, AL McCaw, RL AF Connolly, BJ Meng, Q Moran, AL McCaw, RL TI Mechanical and precorroded fatigue properties of coated aluminium aircraft skin system as function of various thermal spray processes SO CORROSION ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corrosion; immersion test; thermal spraying; flame spraying; plasma spraying; high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF); aluminium ID COATINGS; STRENGTH AB Aluminium coatings deposited on AA2024-T3 by the flame arc, atmospheric plasma and high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) processes were evaluated using quantitative metallography, microhardness, adhesion, three point bend and conventional fatigue tests as well as fatigue tests on precorroded samples. Comparison of the microstructures, mechanical properties, and the fatigue and precorroded fatigue properties of samples with the three types of thermal spray coating, as well as samples of bare AA2024-T3 and Alclad AA2024-T3, revealed that HVOF is the most promising thermal spray process for the deposition of aluminium coatings, and, in particular, HVOF coatings greatly increase the fatigue and precorroded fatigue lifetimes of the AA2024-T3 substrate. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Naval Sea Syst Command, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Connolly, BJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM amoran@usna.edu; mccawRL@nswccd.navy.mil NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1478-422X J9 CORROS ENG SCI TECHN JI Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1179/147842204225016958 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 848XM UT WOS:000223501400014 ER PT J AU Fredland, JE AF Fredland, JE TI Outsourcing military force: A transactions cost perspective on the role of military companies SO DEFENCE AND PEACE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE private military companies; transactions cost economics; economics of national security ID SCOPE; FIRM AB Since the mid-1990s, the operations of private, for profit, military companies have been the subject of increased political and media scrutiny. Firms in this industry provide both combat and support functions to sovereign governments. In this paper, the current and potential future role of these companies is examined from the perspective of transactions cost economics. The transactions cost approach suggests that inevitable contractual hazards sharply limit the combat/combat support role of these companies, despite substantial potential cost savings, even for poor countries with weak governments. However, there is a growing market, even in developed countries, for private provision of training and support. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fredland, JE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1024-2694 J9 DEFENCE PEACE ECON JI Def. Peace Econ. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1080/10242690320001628410 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 827YS UT WOS:000221940200001 ER PT J AU Caccese, V Mewer, R Vel, SS AF Caccese, V Mewer, R Vel, SS TI Detection of bolt load loss in hybrid composite/metal bolted connections SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE bolted connection; composite joint; hybrid connection; bolt load loss; structural health monitoring ID DAMAGE DETECTION; STRUCTURAL DAMAGE; VIBRATION; IDENTIFICATION; FREQUENCY; PLATES AB Hybrid composite/metal connections are susceptible to bolt load loss due to viscoelastic creep and/or environmental effects. Accordingly, the focus of this research is on experimentally quantifying changes in bolt load of composite/metal hybrid connections. A proof-of-concept model was created consisting of a fiber reinforced composite panel bolted to a steel frame. A piezoelectric actuator bonded to the center of the composite panel was used to provide controlled vibration input. The response of the plate was measured using either shear accelerometers or dynamic strain sensors located at the four corners of the composite panel. The load on an instrumented bolt was decreased and three different monitoring techniques were used to detect bolt load loss, including (a) low frequency modal analysis, (b) high frequency transfer functions between the actuator and sensors and (c) high frequency transmittance functions between pairs of sensors. Experiments demonstrate that the transmittance function approach shows the most promise and was able to reliably detect a single bolt loosening. A damage index based on change in transmittance function is very sensitive to changes in bolt load. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Mech Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Vel, SS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Mech Engn, 5711 Boardman Hall,Room 214, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM senthil.vel@maine.edu RI Vel, Senthil/G-4705-2010; OI Vel, Senthil/0000-0001-8804-112X; Caccese, Vincent/0000-0003-0063-7792 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 7 BP 895 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 825CO UT WOS:000221733800004 ER PT J AU Marmorino, GO Trump, CL AF Marmorino, GO Trump, CL TI Evolution of the Cape Henry front SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID BAY OUTFLOW PLUME; GRAVITY CURRENT FRONTS; CURRENTS; RADAR; ADCP AB The evolution of a front that forms inshore of the main Chesapeake Bay plume, near Cape Henry, Virginia, United States, was observed during a period of downwelling-favorable winds in May 1999. A novel aspect of this study was the use of an underway, horizontally-oriented acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to map the front and to study its evolving shape. Measurements made during flood tide show the front forming about 2 km from shore and then advancing shoreward (at about 20 cm s(-1)) over dense, inshore water. Measurements made while anchored I km from shore show the surface salinity increasing during ebb tide, then abruptly decreasing during flood tide as the front moves inshore. To account for this cycle of events, a conceptual model is proposed in which dense water upwells to the surface during ebb tide near Cape Henry, helping to set the stage for frontal formation on the flood. The cyclic recurrence of this Cape Henry front so close to the mouth of the bay may provide a mechanism for recirculating estuarine material that would otherwise be transported southward in the coastal buoyancy current. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marmorino, GO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7230, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM marmorino@nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD JUN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1007/BF02803531 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 832UK UT WOS:000222292500003 ER PT J AU Yang, MJ Yang, CH Lyanda-Geller, YB AF Yang, MJ Yang, CH Lyanda-Geller, YB TI Quantum beating in ring conductance: Observation of spin chiral states and Berry's phase SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AHARONOV-BOHM RING; OSCILLATIONS; INAS; FLUCTUATIONS; CONDUCTIVITY; WELLS AB We propose and demonstrate experimentally a novel configuration for observing spin interference effects in mesoscopic rings. Using this configuration, in which the conducting ring and the tangential current lead form a single collimating contact, we have observed the spin quantum beating in the Aharonov-Bohm conductance oscillations. We demonstrate that the, beating is the result of the superposition of two independent interference signals associated with two orthogonal states arising from intrinsic spin-orbit interactions. Our work demonstrates the signature of the spin Berry phase in the conductance of quantum rings. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yang, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 66 IS 6 BP 826 EP 832 DI 10.1209/epl/12003-10263-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 843FX UT WOS:000223065000009 ER PT J AU Bunton, JD Lazio, TJW AF Bunton, JD Lazio, TJW TI Cylinder - Small dish hybrid for the SKA SO EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Square Kilometre Array Meeting (SKA) CY JUL, 2004 CL Penticton, CANADA DE cylindrical reflector; hybrid; parabolic reflector; SKA AB No single technology can meet the current science specifications for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). In this paper a hybrid option is explored that uses cylindrical reflectors to satisfy low frequency sensitivity and field-of-view requirements and small parabolic dishes to work at frequencies above 0.5 GHz. C1 CSIRO, ICT Ctr, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bunton, JD (reprint author), CSIRO, ICT Ctr, POB 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. EM john.bunton@csiro.au RI Bunton, John/A-4944-2008 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6435 J9 EXP ASTRON JI Exp. Astron. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1-3 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s10686-005-0034-7 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 963LN UT WOS:000231805900037 ER PT J AU Sam-Yellowe, TY Florens, L Johnson, JR Wang, TM Drazba, JA Le Roch, KG Zhou, YY Batalov, S Carucci, DJ Winzeler, EA Yates, JR AF Sam-Yellowe, TY Florens, L Johnson, JR Wang, TM Drazba, JA Le Roch, KG Zhou, YY Batalov, S Carucci, DJ Winzeler, EA Yates, JR TI A plasmodium gene family encoding Maurer's cleft membrane proteins: Structural properties and expression profiling SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MALARIA-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; MASS-SPECTRAL DATA; FALCIPARUM MALARIA; TRANSMEMBRANE HELICES; VARIANT ANTIGENS; GENOME SEQUENCE; PARASITE; IDENTIFICATION; TRAFFICKING; SURFACE AB Upon invasion of the erythrocyte cell, the malaria parasite remodels its environment; in particular, it establishes a complex membrane network, which connects the parasitophorous vacuole to the host plasma membrane and is involved in protein transport and trafficking. We have identified a novel subtelomeric gene family in Plasmodium falciparum that encodes II transmembrane proteins localized to the Maurer's clefts. Using coimmunoprecipitation and shotgun proteomics, we were able to enrich specifically for these proteins and detect distinct peptides, allowing us to conclude that four to 10 products were present at a given time. Nearly all of the Pfmc-2tm genes are transcribed during the trophozoite stage; this narrow time frame of transcription overlaps with the specific stevor and rif genes that are differentially expressed during the erythrocyte cycle. The description of the structural properties of the proteins led LIS to manually reannotate published sequences, and to detect potentially homologous gene families in both A falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii yoelii, where no orthologs were predicted uniquely based on sequence similarity. These basic proteins with two transmembrane domains belong to a larger superfamily, which includes STEVORs and RIFINs. C1 Cleveland State Univ, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genomics Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Sam-Yellowe, TY (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM ilibot@hotmail.com; jyate@scripps.edu OI Florens, Laurence/0000-0002-9310-6650 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI36470] NR 41 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 6 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1052 EP 1059 DI 10.1101/gr.2126104 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 826TR UT WOS:000221852400007 PM 15140830 ER PT J AU Bharuth-Ram, K Butler, JE Naidoo, D Klingelhofer, G AF Bharuth-Ram, K Butler, JE Naidoo, D Klingelhofer, G TI Observation of substitutional Fe in CEMS measurements on synthetic CVD diamond SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect CY SEP 21-25, 2003 CL Muscat, OMAN DE CVD diamond; ion implantation; Mossbauer spectroscopy ID AMORPHIZATION PROCESS; MOSSBAUER; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS; EMISSION; DIODES; FE-57 AB Conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements have been made on a diamond sample synthesized by chemical vapour deposition. The sample was implanted with 70 keV Fe-57 to a dose of 5 x 10(14) cm(-2) and Mossbauer measurements were made on the as-implanted sample and after annealing at temperatures of 600 K, 950 K and 1470 K. The spectra at the lower temperatures were characterized by broad doublets, but the annealing at 1470 K resulted in dramatic decrease in the intensity of the doublet components, and the appearance of a strong single line with an isomer shift of delta = -0.90(5) mm/s and areal intensity of 30%, and a weaker line (5%) with delta = +0.07(4). Arguments are presented to attribute the single lines to substitutional and interstitial Fe, respectively. In contrast, identical measurements made on diamonds synthesized in the high temperature high pressure process showed little evidence of any strong single line component. C1 Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Phys, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Phys, ZA-2050 Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Bharuth-Ram, K (reprint author), Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Phys, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JUN-SEP PY 2004 VL 156 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1023/B:HYPE.0000043232.94744.cc PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 857PJ UT WOS:000224130500021 ER PT J AU Rivera, DF Bansal, R AF Rivera, DF Bansal, R TI Comments on the paper on submarine-towed antennas - Author's reply SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Electromagnet Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06069 USA. RP Rivera, DF (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Electromagnet Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM riveradf@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; rajeev@engr.uconn.edu NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 851LG UT WOS:000223686000013 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Russell, SJ Brown, BE Haldeman, PM Hayden, DD Morgan, DG Pierce, RD Shan, JW Stephens, WT Mirotznik, MS AF Smith, JR Russell, SJ Brown, BE Haldeman, PM Hayden, DD Morgan, DG Pierce, RD Shan, JW Stephens, WT Mirotznik, MS TI Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces; sea; surface electromagnetic scattering AB A series of low-angle radar measurements were conducted over a large wave pool capable of producing a wide range of scaled sea conditions. The X-band (8-12 GHz) measurements were performed for 1degrees, 3degrees, and 5degrees look down angles (LDAs) for the HH and VV polarizations. The roughened water simulated a one-dimensional 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. The wave profiles were detailed using both ultrasonic point detectors and a laser sheeting technique capable of measuring a cross section of the sea. The compiled data represent the first forward-scattering measurement 1) preformed under a variety of controlled conditions for low grazing angles and 2) with detail profiling of the wave structure syncronized with the radar. Presented are the experimental setup with calibration methodology, measurement conditions, and selected radio-frequency forward-scattering (HH polarization) results for the 5degrees LDA for sea state 0, 3, and 5 sea conditions. C1 Navl Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), Navl Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM smithjr@nswccd.navy.mil NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1197 EP 1207 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.826783 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 830NT UT WOS:000222129900008 ER PT J AU Li, RR Kaufman, YJ Hao, WM Salmon, JM Gao, BC AF Li, RR Kaufman, YJ Hao, WM Salmon, JM Gao, BC TI A technique for detecting burn scars using MODIS data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE burn scars; fires; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); remote sensing ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; RESOLUTION; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION; TROPICS; SURFACE; SYSTEM; CLOUD AB The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra and Aqua spacecrafts have several visible and near-infrared (NIR) channels with resolutions of 250, 500, and 1 km for remote sensing of land surfaces and atmosphere. The MODIS data directly broadcasted to ground receiving stations can have many practical applications, including the rapid assessment of fires and burned areas. In this paper, we describe an empirical technique for remote sensing of burn scars using a single dataset of MODIS NIR channels centered near 1.24 and 2.13 mum. These channels are sensitive to changes in the surface properties induced by the fire and are not obscured by smoke. Therefore, they allow remote sensing of burn scars in the presence of smoke. Detection of burn scars from single MODIS images, without the need of data from previous days, is very useful for near real-time burn scar recognition in operational direct broadcasting systems. The technique is applied to MODIS data acquired over the western U.S. during the summer fire season, the southeastern part of Canada during the summer and spring seasons, and the southeastern part of Australia. The burnt areas estimated from MODIS data are consistent with those estimated from the high spatial resolution Landsat 7 imaging data. C1 Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM lirongr@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 33 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1300 EP 1308 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.826801 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 830NT UT WOS:000222129900019 ER PT J AU Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ Healy, DM AF Priebe, CE Marchette, DJ Healy, DM TI Integrated sensing and processing decision trees SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE classification; clustering; adaptive sensing; sequential sensing; local dimensionality reduction ID DIMENSIONALITY; CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION; SYSTEM AB We introduce a methodology for adaptive sequential sensing and processing in a classification setting. Our objective for sensor optimization is the back-end performance metric-in this case, misclassification rate. Our methodology, which we dub Integrated Sensing and Processing Decision Trees (ISPDT), optimizes adaptive sequential sensing for scenarios in which sensor and/or throughput constraints dictate that only a small subset of all measurable attributes can be measured at any one time. Our decision trees optimize misclassification rate by invoking a local dimensionality reduction-based partitioning metric in the early stages, focusing on classification only in the leaves of the tree. We present the ISPDT methodology and illustrative theoretical, simulation, and experimental results. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Priebe, CE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cep@jhu.edu; marchettedj@nswc.navy.mil; dhealy@math.umd.edu RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 6 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.12 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 811EZ UT WOS:000220756500004 PM 18579931 ER PT J AU Abe, DK Blank, M AF Abe, DK Blank, M TI Guest editorial - The tenth special issue on high-power microwave generation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Abe, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 835 EP 837 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.832514 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600001 ER PT J AU Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Calame, JP Danly, BG Levush, B Wood, FN Garven, M AF Pershing, DE Nguyen, KT Calame, JP Danly, BG Levush, B Wood, FN Garven, M TI A TE11 K-a-band Gyro-TWT amplifier with high-average power compatible distributed loss SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dielectric; gyro-traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT); loss; millimeter-wave amplifier ID TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER; DESIGN; MAGY AB Current amplifier research at the Naval Research Laboratory Vacuum Electronics Branch emphasizes techniques to extend the bandwidth and average power capability of gyro devices for millimeter wave radar applications. This paper will discuss the implementation of a wideband high-gain gyro-traveling wave tube amplifier design, with a measured peak output power of 78 kW, gain similar to60 dB, and a 3-dB bandwidth of 4.2 GHz (12%) at 52 kW in K.-band. The 3-dB saturated bandwidth at 70 kW is 6 GHz (17%), which is also the instantaneous bandwidth with appropriately tailored input power (e.g., gain equalizer). The amplifier operates in the TE11 mode and for stabilization employs a high-average power compatible diffractive loading technique. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA USA. Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. RP Pershing, DE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pershing@estd.nrl.navy.mil; knguyen@estd.nrl.navy.mil; calame@estd.nrl.navy.mil; danly@estd.nrl.navy.mil; levush@estd.nrl.navy.mil; fwood@estd.nrl.navy.mil; garven@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 947 EP 956 DI 10.1109/TSP.2004.828823 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600016 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Levush, B Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ Whaley, DR AF Chang, CL Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Levush, B Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ Whaley, DR TI Calculation of DC space-charge fields in a traveling-wave amplifier in the large signal regime SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beams; iterative methods; numerical analysis; numerical stability; simulation software; space charge; traveling-wave amplifiers; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) AB A fully two-dimensional (2-D) dc space charge model has been implemented in a large-signal traveling-wave amplifier code. The simulation algorithm takes an iterative approach by alternately solving the Poisson equation and the beam trajectory equations to converge toward a self-consistent steady-state solution. This approach is similar to that employed in steady-state gun codes. However, it is well known from gun simulations that the iterative algorithm can be slow to converge. We have found the slow convergence is due to a convective numerical instability. To speed up convergence, we implemented and tested stabilization schemes based on mixing one-dimensional and 2-D Poisson potentials during the iteration cycles. These schemes are shown to accelerate convergence considerably. The fully 2-D dc space-charge model permits accurate treatment of the axial dc space-charge field in the computation of the large signal gain and efficiency, taking into account the fast variation of beam parameters along the device axis. Therefore, it can be applied to a mismatched beam with large scalloping motion. The methodology of incorporating dc space charge is general and could be incorporated in other large signal codes. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22012 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn & Elect, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. L3 Commun Corp, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22012 USA. EM changc@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1028 EP 1039 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.827610 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600024 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KT Abe, DK Pershing, DE Levush, B Wright, EL Bohlen, H Staprans, A Zitelli, L Smithe, D Pasour, JA Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Eppley, K Petillo, JJ AF Nguyen, KT Abe, DK Pershing, DE Levush, B Wright, EL Bohlen, H Staprans, A Zitelli, L Smithe, D Pasour, JA Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Eppley, K Petillo, JJ TI High-power four-cavity S-band multiple-beam klystron design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE collector; klystron; multibeam; multiple-beam amplifier (MBA); multiple-beam klystron (MBK) ID DEVICES AB We develop a methodology for the design of multiple-cavity klystron interaction circuits. We demonstrate our approach with the detailed design of a collector and a four-cavity circuit for a multiple-beam klystron (MBK) operating in the fundamental mode at a center frequency of 3.27 GHz (S-band). These elements are designed to be used with a 32-A 45-kV magnetically shielded eight-beam electron gun currently under fabrication [1]. Upon integration of the gun, circuit, and collector, the MBK will be used for beam transport and beam-wave interaction studies and to validate developmental design codes and design methodologies. The device has a predicted gain of 33 dB at a peak pulsed output power of 750 kW with a corresponding electronic efficiency of 52%. For the present design, broad bandwidth is not a design objective, and the 3-dB bandwidth is 2.5%. Downstream of the output cavity, the magnetic field profile and the interior surface profile of the collector are carefully shaped to minimize the space-charge potential depression at the entrance to the collector, minimizing reflected electrons. The maximum calculated instantaneous power density on the walls of the collector is approximately 55 kW/cm(2); at low duty cycles (<1.8%), the average power density is well within the limits for liquid cooling for pulse lengths up to 1.3 ms. C1 Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 20375 USA. Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. SAIC, Mclean, VA 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. EM knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 16 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1119 EP 1135 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828884 PN 1 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600034 ER PT J AU Cooke, SJ Nguyen, KT Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Levush, B Hargreaves, TA Kirshner, MF AF Cooke, SJ Nguyen, KT Vlasov, AN Antonsen, TM Levush, B Hargreaves, TA Kirshner, MF TI Validation of the large-signal klystron simulation code TESLA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE klystrons; microwave amplifiers; simulation ID CAVITIES AB We demonstrate the effectiveness of the Telegraphist's Equations Solution for Linear-beam Amplifiers code for simulation of a range of klystron amplifier designs. Simulation results are compared to both particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and experimental data, with good agreement obtained in each case. Specific features and optimizations included in the model are discussed and shown to allow a significant reduction in simulation times over the general PIC approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. L3 Commun Elect Devices, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. RP Cooke, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM simon.cooke@nrl.navy.mil; knguyen@estd.nrl.navy.mil; vlasov@glue.umd.edu; antonsen@glue.umd.edu; vush@estd.nrl.navy.mil; tom.hargreaves@L-3com.com; mark.kirshner@L-3com.com RI Cooke, Simon/A-9530-2010; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1136 EP 1146 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828869 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600035 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Abe, DK Levush, B Wood, FN Calame, JP Pasour, JA Petillo, JJ Cusick, M Cattelino, MJ Wright, EL AF Nguyen, KT Pershing, DE Abe, DK Levush, B Wood, FN Calame, JP Pasour, JA Petillo, JJ Cusick, M Cattelino, MJ Wright, EL TI Electron gun design for fundamental mode S-band multiple-beam amplifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron gun; klystron; MICHELLE; multibeam; multiple beam AB This paper describes the detailed design of an eight-beam electron gun for use in S-band multiple-beam amplifiers operating in the fundamental mode. The gun operating voltage is 45 kV with a total beam current of 32 A, evenly divided among the beamlets. Each individual beam has a perveance of 0.42 mupervs making a total beam perveance of 3.35 mupervs. The optimized electron gun is singly convergent using a four-fold symmetry with the four inner and four outer emitters interlaced 90degrees apart. The emitter current density has been kept below 10 A/cm(2) (space-charge limited). The cathode is magnetically shielded and the longitudinal magnetic field in the interaction region is in the range of 1.1-1.8 kG. The design of the magnetic focusing system minimizes beam corkscrewing as well as electron interception on the tunnel walls. Beam optics simulations of the gun indicate excellent beam transport characteristics with a final beam-to-tunnel radial fill factor of less than 0.45. The primary computational tools used in the design process were the three-dimensional gun code MICHELLE, and the magnetostatics code MAXWELL-3D. C1 Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Communicat & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), Beam Wave Res Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. EM knguyen.bwresearch@comcast.net RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1212 EP 1222 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828803 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600045 ER PT J AU Gilmour, AS Thelen, D MacMullen, A Kodis, MA Reynolds, R Emerson, R AF Gilmour, AS Thelen, D MacMullen, A Kodis, MA Reynolds, R Emerson, R TI Ion instabilities initiated in the gun of a linear beam microwave tube SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AM noise; FM noise; microwave tubes; phase noise; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) ID NOISE; SIMULATION; ELECTRON AB A theory is presented which offers an explanation for many of the causes of ion-induced instabilities of the phase and amplitude of the RF output of a solenoid-focused 10-kW continuous-wave coupled cavity traveling-wave tube (TWT). This theory is based on the effects of ions in the electron gun. Some of these ions enter the gun from the interaction region of the TWT. Ions generated in the gun can also have a significant effect on the instabilities. The characteristics (in particular, the timing and shapes) of the waveforms of the instabilities are discussed in detail. The sawtooth waveform often observed is explained by the rates of ion generation in the beam and then the rapid discharge of ions into the gun. When gas pressure in the gun is elevated because of relatively high pressure in the TWT, cathode evaporation, or sputtering, the waveforms can take on a complex double exponential shape that sometimes has a double period. Some of the reasons for these effects are given. The effects that are observed of solenoid current, cathode voltage, RF drive level, and collector voltage on the instabilities are explained by the effects of these parameters on an ion barrier at the collector end of the TWT. When these quantities are such that the barrier is small, the drainage of beam ions to the collector is increased and to the gun is decreased. With reduced ion flow to the gun, gas generation in the gun is reduced, and so the causes of the instabilities are suppressed. C1 Technol Serv Corp, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14226 USA. Technol Serv Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Gilmour, AS (reprint author), Technol Serv Corp, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. EM asgilmoutjr@yahoo.com; dthelen@tsc.com; smacmullen@tsc.com; makodis@jpl.nasa.gov; reynolds_ron@crane.navy.mil; emerson_ron@crane.navy.mil NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1251 EP 1261 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828852 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600049 ER PT J AU Regnier, E Sharp, G Tovey, C AF Regnier, E Sharp, G Tovey, C TI Replacement under ongoing technological progress SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB This paper evaluates the cost savings achievable in the infinite horizon single-asset replacement problem by considering technological progress affecting assets available after multiple future replacements and allowing variable service lives. Using a simple geometric model to specify asset costs, constant service lives are shown to be suboptimal. It is shown by example that common replacement decision methods yield higher service lives for the first asset and substantially different discounted total costs for the series of assets. This effect is illustrated numerically using automobile cost data. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Regnier, E (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 1522 Cunningham Rd,6401, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM eregnier@nps.navy.mil NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 6 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1080/07408170490438401 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 827BS UT WOS:000221873900001 ER PT J AU Topolska, AE Richie, TL Nhan, DH Coppel, RL AF Topolska, AE Richie, TL Nhan, DH Coppel, RL TI Associations between responses to the rhoptry-associated membrane antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and immunity to malaria infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TANZANIAN CHILDREN; PROTEINS 1; IDENTIFICATION; REACTIVITIES; ENDEMICITY; PARASITES; EPITOPES; DISEASE; HUMANS AB Rhoptry proteins participate in the invasion of red blood cells by merozoites during the malaria parasite's asexual-stage cycle. Interference with the rhoptry protein function has been shown to prevent invasion, and three rhoptry proteins have been suggested as potential components of a vaccine against malaria. Rhoptry-associated membrane antigen (RAMA) is a 170-kDa protein of Plasmodium falciparum which is processed to a 60-kDa mature form in the rhoptries. p60/RAMA is discharged from rhoptries of free merozoites and binds to the red-cell membrane before being internalized to form part of the parasitophorous vacuole of the newly developing ring. We examined the range of anti-RAMA responses in individuals living in an area of endemicity for malaria and determined its association with clinical immunity. RAMA is immunogenic during infections, and at least three epitopes within RAMA are recognized by hyperimmune sera in immunoblots. Sera from individuals living in a region of Vietnam where malaria is endemic possessed strong antibody responses toward two C-terminal regions of RAMA. Cytophilic antibody isotypes (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] and IgG3) predominated in Immoral responses to both C-terminal epitopes. Acute episodes of P. falciparum infection result in significant boosting of levels of antibody to an epitope at the extreme C terminus of RAMA that harbors the red-cell-binding domain. Immunity to P. falciparum infection was linked to elevated levels of IgG3 responses to this functional domain of RAMA, suggesting that the region may contain a protective epitope useful for inclusion in a multiepitope vaccine against malaria. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Inst Microbiol Parasitol & Entomol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, POB 53, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM ross.coppel@med.monash.edu.au RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-32094, P01 DK032094] NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 72 IS 6 BP 3325 EP 3330 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.6.3325-3330.2004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 824CT UT WOS:000221662400028 PM 15155636 ER PT J AU Lim, ML Wallace, MR AF Lim, ML Wallace, MR TI Infectious diarrhea in history SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CIVIL-WAR; DISEASE; MILITARY; ARMY AB Throughout history, infectious diarrhea has been associated with crowding, poor sanitation, and war. Although descriptions of infectious diarrhea exist in the earliest records of civilization, effective measures for prevention were not widely or consistently used until the modern era of active public health promotion. Advances in the understanding of etiologies and therapies have revolutionized prognosis; however, constant vigilance against lapses in public health is necessary to prevent outbreaks of disease. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest,KCA, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Lim, ML (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest,KCA, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mllim@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 261 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.006 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 825QZ UT WOS:000221774500008 PM 15145380 ER PT J AU Cunningham, BM Alexander, PJ Adilov, N AF Cunningham, BM Alexander, PJ Adilov, N TI Peer-to-peer file sharing communities SO INFORMATION ECONOMICS AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE public goods; peer-to-peer networks; intertemporal choice ID RECIPROCITY; ECONOMICS AB Peer-to-peer file sharing communities present a paradox for standard public goods theory, which predicts that free-riding should preclude the success of the community. We present a model in which users choose their level of sharing, downloading, and listening in the presence of sharing costs and endogenous downloading costs. In our model, sharing emerges endogenously, largely as a byproduct of users' attempts to reduce own-costs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21114 USA. FCC, Washington, DC USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Econ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Cunningham, BM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21114 USA. EM bcunning@usna.edu; palexand@fcc.gov; na47@cornell.edu OI Alexander, Peter/0000-0002-4957-9012 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6245 J9 INF ECON POLICY JI Inf. Econ. Policy PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 2 BP 197 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2003.09.009 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 830QI UT WOS:000222137300004 ER PT J AU Joyce, PJ Joyce, JA AF Joyce, PJ Joyce, JA TI Evaluation of the fracture toughness properties of polytetrafluoroethylene SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE dynamic fracture; fracture; J-integral; normalization method; polytetrafluoroethylene; stable fracture; unstable fracture ID LOAD SEPARATION CRITERION; J-R CURVES; NORMALIZATION METHOD; POLYMERS AB Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Dupont Tradename Teflon) is a common polymer with many structural applications including sheet, gaskets, bearing pads, piston rings and diaphragms. The interest here developed because this polymer is being considered as the major component of a newly proposed 'reactive' material with a possible application as a projectile to replace common inertial projectiles. Little mechanical property data is available on this material since it is commonly used only as a coating material with the dominant properties being its low friction coefficient and high application temperature. Previous work (Joyce, 2003) on commercially available sheet PTFE material has demonstrated the applicability of the normalization method of ASTM E1820 (1999), the elastic-plastic fracture toughness standard to develop fracture toughness properties of this material over a range of test temperatures and loading rates. Additional work on the aluminum filled 'reactive' derivative of the basic PTFE polymer (Joyce and Joyce, 2004) has also recently been completed. In this work, standard ASTM E1820 fracture toughness specimens machined from sintered pucks of PTFE were tested at four test temperatures and at a range of test rates to determine the J(Ic) and J resistance curve characteristics of the PTFE material. The major results are that while crack extension is difficult at standard laboratory loading rates at ambient (21degreesC) temperature or above, for temperatures slightly below ambient or for elevated loading rates, a rapid degradation of fracture resistance occurs and cracking occurs in a ductile or even nearly brittle manner. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jaj@usna.edu OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 4 BP 361 EP 385 DI 10.1023/B:FRAC.0000037674.46965.fb PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 854ID UT WOS:000223895400002 ER PT J AU Willard, MA Kurihara, LK Carpenter, EE Calvin, S Harris, VG AF Willard, MA Kurihara, LK Carpenter, EE Calvin, S Harris, VG TI Chemically prepared magnetic nanoparticles SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE chemical synthesis; magnetic nanoparticles; superparamagnetism; reverse micelles; hydrothermal processing; precipitation reaction; thermolysis; sonochemistry; polyol chemistry; electrodeposition; hydricle reduction; magnetic characterisation; ferrofluids ID SOL-GEL METHOD; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; ZINC FERRITE NANOPARTICLES; ANOMALOUS FINE-STRUCTURE; ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER COATINGS; CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES; MN-ZN FERRITE; DEPENDENT SUPERPARAMAGNETIC PROPERTIES AB Nanotechnology has spurred efforts to design and produce nanoscale components for incorporation into devices. Magnetic nanoparticles are an important class of functional materials, possessing unique magnetic properties due to their reduced size (below 100 nm) with potential for use in devices with reduced dimensions. Recent advances in processing by chemical synthesis and the characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles are the focus of this review. Emphasis has been placed on the various solution chemistry techniques used to synthesise particles, including: precipitation, borohydride reduction, hydrothermal, reverse micelles, polyol, sol-gel, thermolysis, photolysis, sonolysis, multisynthesis processing and electrochemical techniques. The challenges and methods for examining the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of these materials are described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Chem Dept, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Sarah Lawrence Coll, Phys Dept, Bronxville, NY 10708 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM willard@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; NR 475 TC 269 Z9 276 U1 18 U2 208 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 EI 1743-2804 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 170 DI 10.1179/095066004225021882 PG 46 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 854YP UT WOS:000223940200001 ER PT J AU Corless, J AF Corless, J TI Stewardship - An outdated concept? SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Reserve, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. RP Corless, J (reprint author), USN Reserve, 14522 Woodcrest Dr, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. EM jpcorless@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 831BN UT WOS:000222168000016 ER PT J AU Kolp, JG AF Kolp, JG TI Anne Orthwood's bastard: Sex and law in early Virginia. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kolp, JG (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 91 IS 1 BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 830AQ UT WOS:000222094400022 ER PT J AU Morrison, SA Cahill, CL Carpenter, EE Calvin, S Swaminathan, R McHenry, ME Harris, VG AF Morrison, SA Cahill, CL Carpenter, EE Calvin, S Swaminathan, R McHenry, ME Harris, VG TI Magnetic and structural properties of nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; REVERSE MICELLES; NIZN FERRITE; PARTICLES; WATER; POWDERS AB Nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.20Zn0.44Fe2.36O4) have been produced at room temperature, without calcination, using a reverse micelle process. Particle size is approximately 7 nm as determined by x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Saturation magnetization values are lower than anticipated, but are explained by elemental analysis, particle size, and cation occupancy within the spinel lattice. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis suggests that a significant amount of Zn2+, which normally occupies tetrahedral sites, actually resides in octahedral coordination in a zinc-enriched outer layer of the particles. This "excess" of diamagnetic Zn can thus contribute to the overall decrease in magnetism. Further, this model can also be used to suggest a formation mechanism in which Zn2+ is incorporated at a later stage in the particle growth process. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarah Lawrence Coll, Bronxville, NY 10708 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM carpenter@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 25 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6392 EP 6395 DI 10.1063/1.1715132 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824AZ UT WOS:000221657300065 ER PT J AU Weaver, BD Thompson, PE Jin, N Chung, SY Rice, AT Berger, PR AF Weaver, BD Thompson, PE Jin, N Chung, SY Rice, AT Berger, PR TI Radiation tolerance of Si/Si0.6Ge0.4 resonant interband tunneling diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON ESAKI DIODES; TEMPERATURE; BOMBARDMENT; DISORDER AB The effect of 2 MeV proton irradiation on the current-voltage (IV) characteristics of Si/Si0.6Ge0.4 resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs) is reported. A fluence of 5x10(14) H+/cm(2) causes the peak current to increase by about 4% the valley current to nearly double and the peak-to-valley current ratio to be reduced by about half. At comparable fluences, most minority carrier diodes are inoperational. Radiation-induced changes are compared to changes in the IV curves of irradiated Si- and Ge Esaki diodes, GaSb-based RITDs and InP-based resonant tunneling diodes. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weaver1@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6406 EP 6408 DI 10.1063/1.1710719 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824AZ UT WOS:000221657300067 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA Petculescu, G AF Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA Petculescu, G TI Magnetostriction and elasticity of body centered cubic Fe100-xBex alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID MAGNETOELASTICITY; CONSTANTS; IRON AB Magnetostriction measurements from 77 K to room temperature on oriented (100) and (110) disk samples of Fe93.9Be6.1 and Fe88.7Be11.3 reveal substantial increases in lambda(100) compared to iron. For the 11.3% alloy, lambda(100)=110 ppm, a sixfold increase above that of alpha-Fe. For the 6.1% alloy, lambda(100)=81 ppm, similar to40% and similar to170% greater than lambda(100) of comparable Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys, respectively, for H=15 kOe. Large differences exist between the values of lambda(100) and lambda(111) (lambda(100)>0, lambda(111)<0) and their temperature dependencies. Elastic constants, c(11), c(12), and c(44), from 4 to 300 K were obtained on the same Fe-Be alloys. From these measurements, the magnetoelastic energy coefficients b(1) and b(2) were calculated. While the magnitudes of the magnetostrictions lambda(100) and lambda(111) are widely different, the magnitudes of b(1) and b(2) are within a factor of 2. The Fe-Be alloys are highly anisotropic magnetostrictively, elastically, and magnetoelastically. For Fe88.7Be11.3 at room temperature lambda(100)/lambda(111), 2c(44)/(c(11)-c(12)), and b(1)/b(2) are -6.6, 3.55, and -1.86, respectively. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM wunfoglem@nswccd.navy.mil NR 9 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6942 EP 6944 DI 10.1063/1.1688676 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900142 ER PT J AU Lubitz, P Rubinstein, M Christodoulides, JA Chrisey, DB AF Lubitz, P Rubinstein, M Christodoulides, JA Chrisey, DB TI Source of anomalies in the temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonance and susceptibility data in the FeAg heterosystem SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FILMS; ANISOTROPY; LAYERS; CO; NI AB Nanometer size Fe particles in an Ag matrix were prepared by pulsed laser deposition and were characterized from 4 to 300 K using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 9.46 GHz and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The magnetic behavior changes systematically from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic with increasing Fe concentration, increasing deposition or postdeposition annealing temperature, or decreasing measurement temperature; FMR linewidths and anisotropy fields also increase. At low temperatures a dramatic further increase in linewidth occurs, accompanied by a strong downward shift in the resonance field for all orientations, and zero field cooled susceptibility decreases sharply. These phenomena indicate the development of much larger anisotropy than in bulk Fe. For samples annealed in H gas above 600 K, this anisotropy is largely absent, indicating that the anomalous behavior is induced by a surface oxide layer on the Fe, as in the exchange bias effect, despite the absence of oxygen in the nominal composition. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lubitz, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lubitz@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7124 EP 7126 DI 10.1063/1.1688671 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900203 ER PT J AU Finley, JC O'Leary, M Wester, D MacKenzie, S Shepard, N Farrow, S Lockette, W AF Finley, JC O'Leary, M Wester, D MacKenzie, S Shepard, N Farrow, S Lockette, W TI A genetic polymorphism of the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor increases autonomic responses to stress SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE motion sickness; baroreceptors; lower body negative pressure; hypertension; single-nucleotide polymorphism ID ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; MOTION SICKNESS; NORMOTENSIVE HUMANS; CONSCIOUS RABBITS; CLONIDINE; SUBTYPE; NATRIURESIS; REACTIVITY; BAROREFLEX; BLACKS AB We hypothesized that individual differences in autonomic responses to psychological, physiological, or environmental stresses are inherited, and exaggerated autonomic responsiveness may represent an intermediate phenotype that can contribute to the development of essential hypertension in humans over time. alpha(2)-Adrenergic receptors (alpha(2)-ARs), encoded by a gene on chromosome 10, are found in the central nervous system and also mediate release of norepinephrine from the presynaptic nerve terminals of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and the exocytosis of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. We postulated that, because this receptor mediates central and peripheral autonomic responsiveness to stress, genetic mutations in the gene encoding this receptor may explain contrasting activity of the autonomic nervous system among individuals. The restriction enzyme Dra I identifies a polymorphic site in the 3'-transcribed, but not translated, portion of the gene encoding the chromosome 10 alpha(2)-AR. Southern blotting of genomic DNA with a cDNA probe after restriction enzyme digestion results in fragments that are either 6.7 kb or 6.3 kb in size. Transfection studies of these two genotypes resulted in contrasting expression of a reporter gene, and it is suggested from these findings that this is a functional polymorphism. In a study of 194 healthy subjects, we measured autonomic responses to provocative motion, a fall in blood pressure induced by decreasing venous return and cardiac output, or exercise. Specifically, we measured reactions to 1) Coriolis stress, a strong stimulus that induces motion sickness in man; 2) heart rate responses to the fall in blood pressure induced by the application of graded lower body negative pressure; and 3) exercise-induced sweat secretion. In all of these paradigms of stress, subjective and objective evidence of increased autonomic responsiveness was found in those individuals harboring the 6.3-kb allele. Specifically, volunteers with the 6.3-kb allele had greater signs and symptoms of motion sickness mediated by the autonomic nervous system after off-axis rotation at increasing velocity (number of head movements a subject could complete during rotation before emesis +/- SE: 295+/-18 vs. 365+/-11; P=0.001). They also had greater increases in heart rate in responses to the lower body negative pressure-induced fall in blood pressure (increase in heart rate +/- SE: 3.0+/-0.4 vs. 1.8+/-0.3; P=0.012), and the 6.3-kb group had higher sweat sodium concentrations during exercise (mean sweat sodium concentration in meq/l over 30 min of exercise +/- SE: 43.2+/-7.1 vs. 27.6+/-3.4; P<0.05). This single-nucleotide polymorphism may contribute to contrasting individual differences in autonomic responsiveness among healthy individuals. C1 Naval Special Warfare Command, Special Projects, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Audiol, Speech Pathol & Balance Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Lockette, W (reprint author), Naval Special Warfare Command, Special Projects, 2000 Trident Way,Bldg 624, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. EM ridiculo@umich.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1T35 HL-07862, 2R01 HL-50849] NR 33 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 2231 EP 2239 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00527.2003 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 819EJ UT WOS:000221296600031 PM 14742450 ER PT J AU Van Woert, ML Zou, CZ Meier, WN Hovey, PD Preller, RH Posey, PG AF Van Woert, ML Zou, CZ Meier, WN Hovey, PD Preller, RH Posey, PG TI Forecast verification of the Polar Ice Prediction System (PIPS) sea ice concentration fields SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-CONTINUOUS ASSIMILATION; REMOTE-SOUNDING DATA; SKILL SCORES; MODEL; VALIDATION AB The National Ice Center relies upon a coupled ice - ocean model called the Polar Ice Prediction System ( PIPS) to provide guidance for its 24-120-h sea ice forecasts. Here forecast skill assessments of the sea ice concentration ( C) fields from PIPS for the period 1 May 2000 - 31 May 2002 are presented. Methods of measuring the sea ice forecast skill are adapted from the meteorological literature and applied to locations where the forecast or analysis sea ice fields changed by at least +/-5%. The forecast skill referenced to climatology was high (>0.85, relative to a maximum score of 1.0) for all months examined. This is because interannual variability in the climatology, which is used as a reference field, is much greater than the day-to-day variability in the forecast field. The PIPS forecasts were also evaluated against persistence and combined climatological-persistence forecasts. Compared to persistence, the 24-h forecast was found to be skillful (>0.2) for all months studied except during the freeze-up months of December 2000 and January 2001. Relative to the combined reference field, the 24-h forecast was also positive for the non-freeze-up months; however, the skill scores were lower (similar to0.1). During the poorly performing freeze-up months, a linear combination of persistence (similar to95% weight) and climatology (similar to5% weight) appears to provide the best available sea ice forecast. To examine the less restrictive question of whether PIPS can forecast sea ice concentration changes, independent of the magnitude of the changes, "threat indexes'' patterned after methods developed for tornado forecasting were established. Two specific questions were addressed with this technique. The first question is: What is the skill of forecasting locations at which a decrease in sea ice concentration has occurred? The second question is: Does PIPS correctly forecast melt-out regions? Using the more relaxed criterion of a threat index for defining correct forecasts, it was found that PIPS correctly made 24-h forecasts of decreasing sea ice concentration; 10% - 15% of the time ( it also correctly forecast increasing sea ice concentration an additional similar to10% - 15% of the time). However, PIPS correctly forecast melt-out conditions <5% of the time, suggesting that there may be deficiencies in the PIPS parameterization of marginal ice zone processes and/or uncertainties in the atmospheric - oceanic fields that force PIPS. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, OSDPD,Natl Ice Ctr,ESP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Natl Ice Ctr, Suitland, MD USA. RP Van Woert, ML (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, OSDPD,Natl Ice Ctr,ESP, Fed Off Bldg 4,Rm 1069,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM mvanwoert@natice.noaa.gov RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; OI Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 944 EP 957 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0944:FVOTPI>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 829WN UT WOS:000222081900007 ER PT J AU Tran, NE Lambrakos, SG Moore, PG Imam, MA Dulcey, CS AF Tran, NE Lambrakos, SG Moore, PG Imam, MA Dulcey, CS TI Prototype reflectivity analyses of hydrogen storage levels in single-walled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; SIMULATION; ENERGY AB A prototype case study is presented that examines the level of hydrogen content in H-SWNTs using the Surface Plasmon Resonance technique. The damping effect and the angular shift in the resonance minimum of an SWNT-gold interface due to the presence of hydrogen is analyzed using a parametric model, which is based on the concept of an effective permittivity. The new approach provides for a non-invasive analysis of the level of hydrogen content in H-SWNTs and is potentially extendable to other carbon-based hydrogen storage materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tran, NE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM tran@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 21 BP 10257 EP 10262 DI 10.1063/1.1710862 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 820QN UT WOS:000221404500045 PM 15268050 ER PT J AU Castelao, RM Campos, EJD Miller, JL AF Castelao, RM Campos, EJD Miller, JL TI A modelling study of coastal upwelling driven by wind and meanders of the Brazil current SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal oceanography; coastal upwelling; wind-driven circulation; shelf dynamics; Brazil Current; cyclonic meander; Brazil; South Brazil Bight ID GULF-STREAM MEANDERS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; OPEN BOUNDARY-CONDITION; SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CIRCULATION; BALANCES; SUMMER; WATERS AB A numerical model is used to investigate coastal upwelling in the South Brazil Bight. The wind in the area is predominantly from the northeast, especially in summer, which is upwelling favorable. Reversals of the wind direction are frequent and intense during the winter, due to the passage of frontal systems. The offshore circulation is dominated by the Brazil Current, which flows southward meandering around the 200 m isobath. Significant shelf-break upwelling has being associated with Brazil Current cyclonic meanders. To assess the relative importance of the two processes in the pumping of South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) onto the continental shelf, three cases are analyzed: (1) wind-driven upwelling; (2) upwelling induced by Brazil Current meanders and (3) both effects acting together. The results show that in the coastal area upwelling/downwelling is mainly caused by the wind, whereas the cyclonic meanders of the Brazil Current are the dominant mechanism in the generation of vertical velocities over the shelf break and slope. This meander-induced upward motion brings the SACW to shallower depths, where it is influenced by the wind. In this situation, when both effects act together, the SACW penetrates all the way to the coast. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Castelao, RM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Oceanog, Praca Oceanog 191,Cid Univ, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM castelao@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Campos, edmo/G-6995-2012 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 662 EP 671 DI 10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[662:AMSOCU]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 872JN UT WOS:000225203600004 ER PT J AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Khashanah, K AF Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Khashanah, K TI Determination of the parameters of cancellous bone using low frequency acoustic measurements SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE osteoporosis; cancellous bone; poroelastic media; Biot model; inverse problem; finite elements; simplex method ID ULTRASONIC WAVE-PROPAGATION; ELASTIC WAVES; RANGE AB The Biot model is widely used to model poroelastic media. Several authors have studied its applicability to cancellous bone. In this article the feasibility of determining the Biot parameters of cancellous bone by acoustic interrogation using frequencies in the 5-15 kHz range is studied. It is found that the porosity of the specimen can be determined with a high degree of accuracy. The degree to which other parameters can be determined accurately depends upon porosity. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Buchanan, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 2 BP 99 EP 126 DI 10.1142/S0218396X04002213 PG 28 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 843HF UT WOS:000223068500001 ER PT J AU Dumbgen, L Johns, RB AF Dumbgen, L Johns, RB TI Confidence bands for isotonic median curves using sign tests SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE computational complexity; distribution-free; monotonicity; rademacher variables; signs of residuals AB Suppose that one observes independent random variables (X-1, Y-1), (X-2, Y-2),..., (X-n, Y-n) in R-2 with unknown distributions, except that Median(Y-i\X-i = x) = M(x) for some unknown isotonic function M. We describe an explicit algorithm for the computation of confidence bands for the median function M whose running time is of order O(n(2)). The bands rely on multiscale sign tests and are shown to have desirable asymptotic properties. C1 Univ Bern, Dept Math Stat & Acturial Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Dumbgen, L (reprint author), Univ Bern, Dept Math Stat & Acturial Sci, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM matrose99@aol.com NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 1061-8600 J9 J COMPUT GRAPH STAT JI J. Comput. Graph. Stat. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 519 EP 533 DI 10.1198/1061860043506 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 825OV UT WOS:000221768700015 ER PT J AU Coussa, RA Gallagher, AM Kosai, K Pham, LT Pierce, GK Smith, EP Venzor, GM De Lyon, TJ Jensen, JE Nosho, BZ Roth, JA Waterman, JR AF Coussa, RA Gallagher, AM Kosai, K Pham, LT Pierce, GK Smith, EP Venzor, GM De Lyon, TJ Jensen, JE Nosho, BZ Roth, JA Waterman, JR TI Spectral crosstalk by radiative recombination in sequential-mode, dual mid-wavelength infrared band HgCdTe detectors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP USA CECOM Night Vision & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USN Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; infrared detector; two-color detector; crosstalk; radiative recombination ID BEAM EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; PERFORMANCE AB For small pixel, infrared (IR) focal plane arrays (FPAs), Raytheon Vision Systems' architecture for integrated, dual-band detectors uses the sequential mode of the n-p(+)-n configuration. There is a single indium bump per pixel, leaving the P+ layer floating, and the operating polarity of the bias selects the spectral sensitivity by reverse-biasing the active p-n junction. Photogenerated minority carriers in the absorber layer of the forward-biased inactive photodiode are lost through recombination. This paper is the first report of a new optical crosstalk mechanism that occurs in sequential-mode, dual-band detectors. In the long-wavelength mode under out-of-band, short-wavelength illumination, radiative recombination yields emission near the bandgap, energy of the short-wavelength absorber layer, resulting in a spurious short-wavelength response that appears as spectral crosstalk. We present experimental and device modeling results on the spectral crosstalk in molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown HgCdTe arrays with the cutoff wavelength of both bands in the 4-5-mum range. C1 Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coussa, RA (reprint author), Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EM kkosai@raytheon.com NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0040-y PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 831BX UT WOS:000222169000006 ER PT J AU Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Piquette, EC Tennant, WE AF Lindle, JR Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Johnson, JL Thomas, ML Piquette, EC Tennant, WE TI A 5 mm x 5 mm mid-wavelength infrared HgCdTe photodiode array with negative luminescence efficiency equivalent to 95% SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP USA CECOM Night Vision & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USN Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; negative luminescence (NL); cold shielding ID DEVICES AB The negative luminescence (NL) efficiency of a 5 mm X 5 mm array (100% effective fill factor) of HgCdTe photodiodes (lambda(co) = 4.8 mum at 295 K) has been measured as a function of temperature. The internal NL efficiency of approximate to95% at lambda = 4 mum is nearly independent of temperature in the 240-300 K range and, at 300 K, corresponds to an apparent temperature reduction of 60 K. This performance is obtained at a reverse-bias saturation-current density of only 0.11 A/cm(2) at 296 K. With large area, high efficiency, and low saturation-current density, our results demonstrate a level of NL device performance at which such applications as cold shields for large-format focal plane arrays (FPAs) and multipoint nonuniformity correctors appear practical. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rockwell Sci, Imaging Div, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. RP Lindle, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lindle@nrl.navy.mil RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 600 EP 603 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0053-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 831BX UT WOS:000222169000019 ER PT J AU Chu, M Mesropian, S Terterian, S Gurgenian, HK Pauli, M AF Chu, M Mesropian, S Terterian, S Gurgenian, HK Pauli, M TI Advanced thermoelectrically cooled midwave HgCdTe focal plane arrays SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP USA CECOM Night Vision & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USN Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; midwave; infrared; focal plane array; heterojunction; ion implantation ID DETECTORS AB Midwave HgCdTe diodes and arrays for a 200-230 K operation using thermoelectric (TE) coolers have been fabricated and characterized. The quality of ZnCdTe substrates for the epitaxial growth of HgCdTe layers plays a significant role in determining the performance of the devices. The best diode RoAs at 200 K and 230 K are 1.1 X 10(3) Omega.cm(2) and 1.6 X 10(2) Omega.cm(2), respectively Fitting the diode RoAs to analytical equations, the hole lifetime between 230 K and 300 K is found to be on the order of 50 musec. Arrays in a format of 320 X 256 have been produced on the HgCdTe layers and imaging pictures have been obtained. C1 Fermion Corp, Simi Valley, CA 93063 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chu, M (reprint author), Fermion Corp, Simi Valley, CA 93063 USA. EM m.chu@fermionics.com NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0055-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 831BX UT WOS:000222169000021 ER PT J AU Antoszewski, J Faraone, L Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA AF Antoszewski, J Faraone, L Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Hoffman, CA TI Application of quantitative mobility-spectrum analysis to multilayer HgCdTe structures SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP USA CECOM Night Vision & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USN Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; multilayer; quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) ID MAGNETOTRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION; HALL CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES AB For modern semiconductor heterostructures containing multiple populations of distinct carrier species, conventional Hall and resistivity data acquired at a single magnetic field provide far less information than measurements as a function of magnetic field. However, the extraction of reliable and accurate carrier densities and mobilities from the field-dependent data can present a number of difficult challenges, which were never fully overcome by earlier methods, such as the multicarrier fit, the mobility-spectrum analysis of Beck and Anderson, and the hybrid mixed-conduction analysis. More recently, to overcome the limitations of those methods, several research groups have contributed to development of the quantitative mobility-spectrum analysis (QMSA), which is now available as a commercial product. The algorithm is analogous to a fast Fourier transform in that it transforms from the magnetic-field (B) domain to the mobility (p) domain. The QMSA converts the field-dependent Hall and resistivity data into a visually meaningful transformed output, comprising the conductivity density of electrons and holes in the mobility domain. In this article, we apply QMSA to both synthetic and real experimental data that are representative of modern multilayer HgCdTe structures. We discuss such features as the accuracy of the extraction of individual layer conductivities and average mobilities, reconstruction of the carrier mobility distribution within a particular layer, the resolution of two carriers with similar mobilities, and limits of the sensitivity. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Antoszewski, J (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM jarek@ee.uwa.edu.au NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 673 EP 683 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0066-1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 831BX UT WOS:000222169000032 ER PT J AU Swartz, CH Tompkins, RP Giles, NC Myers, TH Edwall, DD Ellsworth, J Piquette, E Arias, J Berding, M Krishnamurthy, S Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Swartz, CH Tompkins, RP Giles, NC Myers, TH Edwall, DD Ellsworth, J Piquette, E Arias, J Berding, M Krishnamurthy, S Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Fundamental materials studies of undoped, In-doped, and As-doped Hg1-xCdxTe SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP USA CECOM Night Vision & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USN Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); doping; indium; arsenic; photoconductance lifetime; variable magnetic-field Hall; multiple carrier fitting (MCF); quantitative mobility-spectrum analysis (QMSA) ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; P-TYPE HGCDTE; MOBILITY-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE; MAGNETOTRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION; LIFETIME; GROWTH; HEAVY; GAP AB Variable magnetic-field Hall and transient photoconductance-lifetime measurements were performed on a series of undoped, In-doped, and As-doped HgCdTe samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Use of quantitative mobility-spectrum analysis (QMSA) combined with multiple carrier-fitting (MCF) techniques indicates that the majority of samples contain an interfacial n-type layer that significantly influences the interpretation of the electrical measurements. This n-type layer completely masks the high-quality electrical properties of undoped or low n-type In-doped HgCdTe, as well as complicating the interpretation of activation in As-doped p-type HgCdTe. Introduction of an intentional n-type background, typically created through doping with In to "recover" high mobility, is actually shown to increase the "bulk" layer conductivity to a level comparable to the interface layer conductivity. Photoconductance-lifetime measurements suggest that In-doping may introduce Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination centers. Variable-field Hall analysis is shown to be essential for characterizing p-type material. Photoconductance-lifetime measurements suggest that trapping states may be introduced during the incorporation and activation of As. Two distinctly different types of temperature dependencies were observed for the lifetimes of As-doped samples. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Rockwell Sci Co LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swartz, CH (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM tmyers@mail.wvu.edu RI Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 728 EP 736 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0074-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 831BX UT WOS:000222169000040 ER PT J AU Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Versteeg, RJ Casey, CC AF Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Versteeg, RJ Casey, CC TI Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL TOMOGRAPHY; BOREHOLE RADAR AB Crosswell radar methods can be used to dynamically image ground-water flow and mass transport associated with tracer tests, hydraulic tests, and natural physical processes, for improved characterization of preferential flow paths and complex aquifer heterogeneity. Unfortunately, because the raypath coverage of the interwell region is limited by the borehole geometry, the tomographic inverse problem is typically underdetermined, and tomograms may contain artifacts such as spurious blurring or streaking that confuse interpretation. We implement object-based inversion (using a constrained, non-linear, least-squares algorithm) to improve results from pixel-based inversion approaches that utilize regularization criteria, such as damping or smoothness. Our approach requires pre- and post-injection travel-time data. Parameterization of the image plane comprises a small number of objects rather than a large number of pixels, resulting in an overdetermined problem that reduces the need for prior information. The nature and geometry of the objects are based on hydrologic insight into aquifer characteristics, the nature of the experiment, and the planned use of the geophysical results. The object-based inversion is demonstrated using synthetic and crosswell radar field data acquired during vegetable-oil injection experiments at a site in Fridley, Minnesota. The region where oil has displaced ground water is discretized as a stack of rectangles of variable horizontal extents. The inversion provides the geometry of the affected region and an estimate of the radar slowness change for each rectangle. Applying petrophysical models to these results and porosity from neutron logs, we estimate the vegetable-oil emulsion saturation in various layers. Using synthetic- and field-data examples, object-based inversion is shown to be an effective strategy for inverting crosswell radar tomography data acquired to monitor the emplacement of vegetable-oil emulsions. A principal advantage of object-based inversion is that it yields images that hydrologists and engineers can easily interpret and use for model calibration. C1 Univ Connecticut, US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USN, So Div, NAVFAC, N Charleston, SC USA. RP Lane, JW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman,U-5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 BP 63 EP 77 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 856FL UT WOS:000224031000002 ER PT J AU Sheffield, J Obenschain, S Conover, D Bajura, R Greene, D Brown, M Boes, E McCarthy, K Christian, D Dean, S Kulcinski, G Denholm, PL AF Sheffield, J Obenschain, S Conover, D Bajura, R Greene, D Brown, M Boes, E McCarthy, K Christian, D Dean, S Kulcinski, G Denholm, PL TI Energy options for the future SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE energy; fuels; nuclear; fusion; efficiency; renewables AB This paper summarizes the presentations and discussion at the Energy Options for the Future meeting held at the Naval Research Laboratory in March of 2004. The presentations covered the present status and future potential for coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass energy sources and the effect of measures for energy conservation. The longevity of current major energy sources, means for resolving or mitigating environmental issues, and the role to be played by yet to be deployed sources, like fusion, were major topics of presentation and discussion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Joint Inst Energy & Environm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US DOE, Climate Change Technol Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NTRC, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Energy Anal Off, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Dominion Generat, Glen Allen, VA 23060 USA. Fus Power Associates, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Obenschain, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6730, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steveo@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 63 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-3472-3 PG 47 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 919TS UT WOS:000228641100001 ER PT J AU Jonker, BT Hanbicki, AT Pierce, DT Stiles, MD AF Jonker, BT Hanbicki, AT Pierce, DT Stiles, MD TI Spin nomenclature for semiconductors and magnetic metals SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE spintronics; magnetotronics; spin injection; spin-LED; spin polarization; selection rule; spin transport ID METAL/TUNNEL BARRIER CONTACT; INJECTION; POLARIZATION AB The different conventions used in the semiconductor and magnetic metals communities can cause confusion in the context of spin polarization and transport in simple heterostructures. In semiconductors, terminology is based on the orientation of the electron spin, while in magnetic metals it is based on the orientation of the moment. In the rapidly expanding field of spintronics, where both semiconductors and magnetic metals are important, some commonly used terms ("spin-up", "majority spin") can have different meanings. Here, we clarify nomenclature relevant to spin transport and optical polarization by relating the common physical observables and "definitions" of spin polarization to the fundamental concept of conservation of angular momentum within a well-defined reference frame. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.09.051 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 835PV UT WOS:000222498100003 ER PT J AU Verevkin, A Pearlman, A Slysz, W Zhang, J Currie, M Korneev, A Chulkova, G Okunev, O Kouminov, P Smirnov, K Voronov, B Gol'tsman, GN Sobolewski, R AF Verevkin, A Pearlman, A Slysz, W Zhang, J Currie, M Korneev, A Chulkova, G Okunev, O Kouminov, P Smirnov, K Voronov, B Gol'tsman, GN Sobolewski, R TI Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Single-Photon Detectors CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2003 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; FIBER LASER; CRYPTOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; ULTRAVIOLET; EFFICIENCY; SENSORS; SYSTEM AB The paper reports progress on the design and development of niobium-nitride, superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultra-fast counting of near-infrared photons for secure quantum communications. The SSPDs operate in the quantum detection mode, based on photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5 nm thick NbN films and kept at cryogenic ( liquid helium) temperatures inside a cryostat. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon-counting mode reaches above 20% in the visible radiation range and up to 10% at the 1.3-1.55 mm infrared range. The dark counts are below 0.01 per second. The measured real-time counting rate is above 2GHz and is limited by readout electronics ( the intrinsic response time is below 30 ps). The SSPD jitter is below 18 ps, and the best-measured value of the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is 2 x 10(-18) W/Hz(1/2) at 1.3 mum. In terms of photon-counting efficiency and speed, these NbN SSPDs significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Inst Electr Mat Technol, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Moscow State Pedag Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119435, Russia. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Univ Rochester, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Sobolewski, Roman/A-1979-2013; Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013 OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208 NR 26 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD JUN-JUL PY 2004 VL 51 IS 9-10 BP 1447 EP 1458 DI 10.1080/09500340410001670866 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 831FV UT WOS:000222181200014 ER PT J AU Gulian, A Wood, K Van Vechten, D Fritz, G AF Gulian, A Wood, K Van Vechten, D Fritz, G TI Cryogenic thermoelectric (QVD) detectors: Emerging technique for fast single-photon counting and non-dispersive energy characterization SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Single-Photon Detectors CY MAR 31-APR 01, 2003 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID TEMPERATURES; SENSORS; BORIDES; METAL; LAB6 AB "QVD'' detectors are based on thermoelectric heat-to-voltage (Q --> V) conversion and digital (V --> D) readout. We have devised and analyzed the performance of QVD detectors with several different sensor designs that enable use of high thermoelectric figure of merit samples, be they of thin film, bulk crystal, or whisker form. Our first QVD devices had the well-studied material Au-Fe as thin film sensors. More recently, we have confirmed the literature reports of substantially higher Seebeck coefficient at cryogenic temperatures in lanthanum ( cerium) hexaborides. We have also investigated the kinetic properties of La(Ce)B-6 crystals with different La-Ce ratios. Currently we are exploring prototype devices based on bulk single-crystalline sensors. These include a successfully tested candidate with a sharpend hexaboride sensor and small-size bismuth absorber-a whisker prototype. In theory, QVD sensors are competitive with superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) and transition edge sensor (TES) devices in energy resolution ability. However, QVD sensors ought to be able to respond at very much faster rates than these competitors; the lanthanum-cerium hexaboride sensors are expected to reach rates of 100 MHz counting rates for UV/optical photons. In addition to traditional astrophysical applications, these detectors can be applied to the tasks of quantum computing and communication. C1 PAF NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. PRAXIS NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP PAF NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD JUN-JUL PY 2004 VL 51 IS 9-10 BP 1467 EP 1490 DI 10.1080/09500340410001674448 PG 24 WC Optics SC Optics GA 831FV UT WOS:000222181200016 ER PT J AU Cranch, GA Crickmore, R Kirkendall, CK Bautista, A Daley, K Motley, S Salzano, J Latchem, J Nash, PJ AF Cranch, GA Crickmore, R Kirkendall, CK Bautista, A Daley, K Motley, S Salzano, J Latchem, J Nash, PJ TI Acoustic performance of a large-aperture, seabed, fiber-optic hydrophone array SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRIC SENSORS; PHASE NOISE; ELIMINATION AB A large-aperture, seabed mounted, fiber-optic hydrophone array has been constructed and characterized. The system is designed for use as a large area surveillance array for deployment in shallow water regions. The underwater portion comprises two arrays of 48 hydrophones separated by a 3 kin fiber-optic link, which are connected to a shore station by 40 kin of single-mode optical fiber. The hydrophone is based on a fiber-optic Michelson interferometer and the acoustic transduction mechanism is a fiber-wrapped mandrel design. No electrical power is required in the underwater portion. The performance of the system is described, characterized during laboratory measurements and during a recent sea trial. Specifically, measurements of the acoustic resolution, array shape, beam patterns, array gain, and target tracking capability of this array. The system demonstrates self-noise levels up to 20 dB (typically 10 dB) lower than the ambient acoustic noise experienced in the sea trial and array gains close to the theoretical maximum. The system telemetry and electronics have been designed to be expandable to accommodate several hundred hydrophones. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. QinetiQ, Winfrith Technol Ctr, Dorchester DT2 8XJ, Dorset, England. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM geoff.cranch@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 6 BP 2848 EP 2858 DI 10.1121/1.1710504 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 830VZ UT WOS:000222153500016 ER PT J AU Vaccaro, RJ Chhetri, A Harrison, BF AF Vaccaro, RJ Chhetri, A Harrison, BF TI Matrix filter design for passive sonar interference suppression SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY, 2001 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE ID SHALLOW-WATER; FIELD AB The performance of passive acoustic signal-processing techniques can become severely degraded when the acoustic source of interest is obscured by strong interference. The application of matrix filters to suppress interference while passing a signal of interest with minimal distortion is presented. An algorithm for single-frequency matrix filter design is developed by converting a constrained convex optimization problem into a sequence of unconstrained problems. The approach is extended to broadband data by incoherently combining the responses of matrix filters designed at frequencies across a band of interest. The responses of single-frequency and multifrequency matrix filters are shown. Examples are given which demonstrate the effectiveness of matrix filtering applied to matched-field localization of a weak source in the presence of a strong interferer and noise. These examples show the matrix filter effectively suppressing the interference, thereby enabling the localization of the weak source. Standard matched-field processing, without matrix filtering, is not effective in localizing the weak source. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Vaccaro, RJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM vaccaro@ele.uri.edu NR 12 TC 12 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 6 BP 3010 EP 3020 DI 10.1121/1.1736653 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 830VZ UT WOS:000222153500033 ER PT J AU Hursky, P Porter, MB Siderius, M McDonald, VK AF Hursky, P Porter, MB Siderius, M McDonald, VK TI High-frequency (8-16 kHz) model-based source localization SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Oceans Marine Technology and Ocean Science Conference CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID SHALLOW-WATER; SIGNAL-DETECTION; ACOUSTICS; OCEAN AB Matched-field or model-based processing has now been widely demonstrated for improving source localization and detection in ocean waveguides. Most of the processing approaches become increasingly sensitive to fluctuations or uncertainties as the frequency increases. As a result, there has been very limited work above 1 kHz and there is a perception that above several kilohertz the technique cannot be applied. We have conducted acoustic communications experiments in a variety of shallow water sites around coastal areas of the United States. These experiments show that a clear multipath structure is readily observed even in the 8-16 kHz band. Furthermore, it is shown that model-based processing can then be exploited to localize sources at these high frequencies out to ranges of several kilometers. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, 10260 Campus Point Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM paul.hursky@saic.com NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 6 BP 3021 EP 3032 DI 10.1121/1.1690078 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 830VZ UT WOS:000222153500034 ER PT J AU Finneran, JJ Hastings, MC AF Finneran, JJ Hastings, MC TI A continuous-wave ultrasound system for displacement amplitude and phase measurement SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A noninvasive, continuous-wave ultrasonic technique was developed to measure the displacement amplitude and phase of mechanical structures. The measurement system was based on a method developed by Rogers and Hastings ["Noninvasive vibration measurement system and method for measuring amplitude of vibration of tissue in an object being investigated," U.S. Patent No. 4,819,643 (1989)] and expanded to include phase measurement. A low-frequency sound source Was used to generate harmonic vibrations in a target of interest. The target was simultaneously insonified by a low-power, continuous-wave ultrasonic source. Reflected ultrasound was phase modulated by the target motion and detected with. a separate ultrasonic transducer. The target displacement amplitude was obtained directly from the received ultrasound frequency spectrum by comparing the carrier and sideband amplitudes. Phase information was obtained by demodulating the received signal using a double-balanced mixer and low-pass filter. A theoretical model for the ultrasonic receiver field is also presented. This model coupled existing models for focused piston radiators and for pulse-echo ultrasonic fields. Experimental measurements of the resulting receiver fields compared favorably with theoretical predictions. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Finneran, JJ (reprint author), USN, Marrine Mammal Program, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code 2351,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 6 BP 3202 EP 3209 DI 10.1121/1.1739481 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 830VZ UT WOS:000222153500052 PM 15237844 ER PT J AU Sames, WJ Herman, WE Florin, DA Maloney, FA AF Sames, WJ Herman, WE Florin, DA Maloney, FA TI Distribution of Ochlerotatus togoi along the Pacific Coast of Washington SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Ochlerotatus togoi; mosquito; Washington; San Juan Islands; distribution ID AEDES-TOGOI; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITO AB Before this study, the mosquito Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) togoi (Theobald) had been reported from only 2 locations within the continental United States, both of which were documented in Washington State. This study used active and passive surveillance to determine the current distribution of Oc. togoi along the Pacific Coast of Washington. Results of the study show that small, but stable, populations of Oc. togoi exist in the northern San Juan Island region of Puget Sound. Geological formations in this region are conducive to rock holes and support populations of Oc. togoi. No members of Oc. togoi were found on the southwestern Washington coast, the coast of the Olympic Peninsula, or in the lower Puget Sound. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med W, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Silverdale, WA 98315 USA. RP Sames, WJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med W, Box 39500,MS 115,5th & Blaine,Bldg 9030, Ft Lewis, WA 98433 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830KF UT WOS:000222120200002 PM 15264615 ER PT J AU Beavers, GM Hanafi, HA Dykstra, EA AF Beavers, GM Hanafi, HA Dykstra, EA TI Evaluation of 1-octen-3-ol and carbon dioxide as attractants for Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera : Psychodidae) in southern Egypt SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE 1-octen-3-ol; carbon dioxide; attractants; phlebotomus papatasi; Egypt ID LEISHMANIA-TROPICA; MOSQUITO ATTRACTANTS; QUEENSLAND; AUSTRALIA; OCTENOL; LIGHT; TABANIDAE; RESPONSES; SERGENTI; BUTANONE AB The effectiveness of 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) as an attractant for collecting medically important psychodids has never been reported. This study evaluated the effects of carbon dioxide (CO,) and octenol released at 2 rates, individually and in combination, as attractants for adult sand flies in a small village in southern Egypt. Four sand fly species were collected: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti, Sergentomyia palestinensis, and S. schwetzi. Only P. papatasi was collected in numbers sufficient to allow statistical analysis. This study reaffirms that CO2 is an effective attractant for female P. papatasi and also demonstrates that neither male nor female P. papatasi respond to octenol alone. Additionally, no synergistic attractancy for either females or males was observed when CO2 and octenol were combined. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, FPO, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RP Beavers, GM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, FPO, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 130 EP 133 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 830KF UT WOS:000222120200007 PM 15264620 ER PT J AU Broutman, D Grimshaw, RHJ Eckermann, SD AF Broutman, D Grimshaw, RHJ Eckermann, SD TI Internal waves in a Lagrangian reference frame SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVES; ATMOSPHERE AB Several recent studies of internal gravity waves have been expressed in a Lagrangian reference frame, motivated by the observation that in this frame the dispersion relation then excludes the Eulerian Doppler shifting term due to a background flow. Here the dispersion relation in a Lagrangian reference frame is explicitly derived for a background flow and background density that are slowly varying with respect to the waves, but are otherwise arbitrary functions of space and time. Two derivations are given, both yielding the same result. The first derivation involves a transformation of the dispersion relation from Eulerian to Lagrangian coordinates, while the second derivation involves a wave-packet analysis of the equations of motion directly in Lagrangian coordinates. The authors show that, although the Eulerian Doppler shifting term is removed from the dispersion relation by the transformation of the frequency when passing from an Eulerian to a Lagrangian reference frame, a dependence on the background shear is then introduced by the transformation of the wavenumber. This dependence on the background shear is the term that accounts for wave refraction in the Lagrangian frame, and its role has apparently not been fully appreciated in the aforementioned previous studies. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. Univ Loughborough, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough, Leics, England. RP Broutman, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM daveb@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI Grimshaw, Roger/J-7855-2013 OI Grimshaw, Roger/0000-0003-0917-3218 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1308 EP 1313 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1308:IWIALR>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 825XR UT WOS:000221792600008 ER PT J AU Wang, W Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C AF Wang, W Chen, L Sun, F Wu, C TI The effect of heat transfer on the performance of an endoreversible closed intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle SO JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID POWER-DENSITY OPTIMIZATION; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; CARNOT ENGINE; MAXIMUM POWER; EFFICIENCY; OUTPUT AB Finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) is applied to analyze the performance of an endoreversible intercooled regenerated Brayton cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs. The analytical formulae of dimensionless power and efficiency of the cycle are derived. The intercooling pressure ratio is optimized for dimensionless power and efficiency, respectively. The effects are analyzed, with use of detailed numerical examples, of the effectiveness of the intercooler, the regenerator, and the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers; of the temperature ratio of the cycle heat reservoirs and of the temperature ratio between heat sinks of the intercooler and the cold-side heat reservoir on the optimal dimensionless power output and its corresponding efficiency, the optimal efficiency and its corresponding dimensionless power output and the intercooling pressure ratios, which correspond to the optimal dimensionless power output or the optimal efficiency of the cycle. When the effectiveness of the regenerator is zero and the temperature ratio of heat sink of the intercooler is equal to that of the cold-side heat reservoir, the intercooling process is not involved in the cycle and the heat transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs can be carried out ideally. The results then replicate those given in the recent literature. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENERGY INST PI LONDON PA 61 NEW CAVENDISH STREET, LONDON W1G 7AR, ENGLAND SN 1743-9671 J9 J ENERGY INST JI J. Energy Inst. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 77 IS 511 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 885MZ UT WOS:000226162800003 ER PT J AU Slusher, RE Lenz, G Hodelin, J Sanghera, J Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID AF Slusher, RE Lenz, G Hodelin, J Sanghera, J Shaw, LB Aggarwal, ID TI Large Raman gain and nonlinear phase shifts in high-purity As2Se3 chalcogenide fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID S-SE GLASSES; OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; AS-SE; IR AB Third-order Kerr nonlinearities and Raman gain are studied experimentally in high-purity As2Se3 optical fibers for wavelengths near 1.55 mum. Kerr nonlinear coefficients are measured to be nearly 1000 times higher than those for silica fibers. In pulsed mode, nonlinear phase shifts near 1.2-pi rad are measured in fibers only 85 cm long with peak pulse powers near 3 W However, there are nonlinear losses near 20% for nonlinear phase shifts near pi. By use of a cw optical pump, large Raman gains nearly 800 times that of silica were measured. In the cw case there were losses in the form of index gratings formed from standing waves at the exit face of the fiber. Discrete Raman amplifiers and optical regenerators are discussed as possible applications. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Slusher, RE (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM res@lucent.com NR 24 TC 212 Z9 219 U1 2 U2 26 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1146 EP 1155 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.001146 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 828QB UT WOS:000221986700004 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Terris, MK Csathy, GS Kane, CJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Dorey, F Aronson, WJ AF Freedland, SJ Terris, MK Csathy, GS Kane, CJ Amling, CL Presti, JC Dorey, F Aronson, WJ CA Search Database Study Grp TI Preoperative model for predicting prostate specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy using percent of biopsy tissue with cancer, biopsy Gleason grade and serum prostate specific antigen SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; prostate-specific antigen; recurrence ID BEAM RADIATION-THERAPY; SEARCH DATABASE; EXTRACAPSULAR EXTENSION; DISEASE RECURRENCE; POSITIVE BIOPSIES; CORES; STAGE; RISK; PSA; INTERMEDIATE AB Purpose: We developed a preoperative model to risk stratify patients for prostate specific antigen (PSA) failure following radical prostatectomy (RP) and identify those at high risk who would be potential candidates for neoadjuvant clinical trials. Materials and Methods: A retrospective survey of 459 patients from the SEARCH Database treated with RP between 1990 and 2002 was done. Multivariate analysis was used to compare the preoperative variables of patient age, race, PSA, biopsy Gleason score, clinical stage and percent of prostate needle biopsy tissue with cancer for the ability to predict time to PSA recurrence following RP. Significant independent predictors were combined to create a novel risk grouping model. Results: On multivariate analysis biopsy Gleason score (p < 0.001), percent of biopsy tissue with cancer (p < 0.001) and serum PSA (p = 0.001) were the only significant independent predictors of PSA failure. Combining these 3 significant predictors of PSA failure using previously published cutoff points for each variable generated a 4 tier preoperative model for predicting biochemical failure following RP (HR 1.91 for each 1 risk category increase, CI 1.62 to 2.26, p < 0.001). The model further stratified patients who were already stratified into low, intermediate and high risk groups based on a previously described model using PSA, biopsy Gleason score and clinical stage. A simplified table was developed to predict the risk of biochemical recurrence within 2 years following surgery, as stratified by percent of tissue with cancer, PSA and biopsy Gleason score. Conclusions: A combination of serum PSA, biopsy Gleason score and percent of prostate biopsy tissue with cancer define a new preoperative model for predicting PSA failure following RP. This model further stratified patients who were already stratified based on PSA, biopsy Gleason score and clinical stage, and it can be used preoperatively to identify patients at high risk who would be candidates for neoadjuvant clinical trials. Using this model an easy to use table was developed to predict preoperatively the 2-year risk of PSA recurrence following RP. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Urol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM sfreedl1@jhmi.edu OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 20 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 171 IS 6 BP 2215 EP 2220 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000124463.13319.0a PN 1 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 822BV UT WOS:000221510300021 PM 15126788 ER PT J AU Paduan, JD Kosro, PM Glenn, SM AF Paduan, JD Kosro, PM Glenn, SM TI A national coastal ocean surface current mapping system for the United States SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIFREQUENCY HF RADAR; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; DRIFTER; VIEW AB A description is given for a nation-wide surface current mapping system for the U.S. continental shelf regions based on the emerging capabilities of high frequency (HF) radar backscatter instruments. These HF radar systems have the advantages of being real-time, non-invasive, shore-based instruments capable of mapping ocean surface currents out to ranges of similar to200 km from shore. A framework for a national backbone system is described based on long-range HF radar systems and example results are provided from existing arrays off the northwest and northeast U.S. coastlines. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Paduan, JD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 853IL UT WOS:000223820400013 ER PT J AU Miller, R Ning, H Plazas, M Falkenstien, P Huston, A Justus, B AF Miller, R Ning, H Plazas, M Falkenstien, P Huston, A Justus, B TI Eliminating Cerenkov interference from a real-time optical radiation detector SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 NCI, Radiat Oncol Branch, CCR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Santafe d Bogata, Colombia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1884 EP 1884 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 832HW UT WOS:000222259100799 ER PT J AU Skopec, M Price, J Guardala, N Loew, M Moscovitch, M AF Skopec, M Price, J Guardala, N Loew, M Moscovitch, M TI The effect of radiation exposure order on thermoluminescent dosimeter response from mixed photon and proton irradiations SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1920 EP 1920 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 832HW UT WOS:000222259100976 ER PT J AU Gheissari, A Nasr, V AF Gheissari, A Nasr, V TI Iran's democracy debate SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article C1 Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gheissari, A (reprint author), Univ San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD SUM PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 94 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1061-1924.2004.00155.x PG 13 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 826DX UT WOS:000221810600007 ER PT J AU Witt, CJ Brundage, M Cannon, C Cox, K Clements, TE Cooper, ED Elbert, Y Ludwig, GV Mangiafico, JA Malakooti, M Miller, MK Osborn, SD Pagac, B Ross, LP Shelton, LJ Spring, A Kelley, P AF Witt, CJ Brundage, M Cannon, C Cox, K Clements, TE Cooper, ED Elbert, Y Ludwig, GV Mangiafico, JA Malakooti, M Miller, MK Osborn, SD Pagac, B Ross, LP Shelton, LJ Spring, A Kelley, P TI Department of Defense West Nile virus surveillance in 2002 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Israel Defence Forces Shoresh Conference CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL Tel Aviv, ISRAEL ID ENCEPHALITIS RESPONSE; RAPID DETECTION; ET-AL.; MOSQUITOS; PCR AB The Department of Defense (DoD) has engaged in West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance and response since 1999. In 2002, the three Services continued their cooperative, multidisciplinary approach to the WNV outbreak. Activities included a doubling of mosquito surveillance and vector control responses, extension of and doubling of bird and nonhuman mammal surveillance to all four continental United States regions, expanded diagnostic testing by DoD laboratories, and installation environmental clean up and personnel protection campaigns. Medical treatment facilities conducted passive surveillance and reported possible cases in DoD health care beneficiaries. Efforts were coordinated through active communication within installations, with commands, and with surrounding communities. Undertaken activities complemented each other to maximize surveillance coverage. The surveillance detected WNV on 44 DoD installations. It led directly to vector control and prevention activities, and there were no confirmed cases of WNV reported in the DoD force. This multi-Service effort is a surveillance template for future outbreaks that threaten DoD force health. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DoD Global Emerging Infect Surveillance, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med N, Entomol Sci Div, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Assessme, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. VETCOM, Food Anal & Diagnost Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Vet Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAMEDDAC, Dept Prevent Med, Ft Polk, LA 71459 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Witt, CJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DoD Global Emerging Infect Surveillance, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 6 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IX UT WOS:000235829900003 PM 15281669 ER PT J AU Rovig, GW Bohnker, BK Page, JC AF Rovig, GW Bohnker, BK Page, JC TI Hearing health risk in a population of aircraft carrier flight deck personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Military Noise Conference CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL Baltimore, MD ID CONSERVATION PROGRAM; ENLISTED PERSONNEL; NAVY AB This study evaluated the risk to hearing health associated with duty on the flight deck of a Nimitz class aircraft carrier. Descriptive data includes time-weighted average noise exposure and an evaluation of temporary threshold shift for a group of nonaviator flight deck personnel (FD), and a comparison of accrued permanent threshold shift among three shipboard occupational groups that had been matched for years of military service. The study participants included 76 FD personnel in a high-exposure group, 77 engineers in a moderate-exposure group, and 52 administrative personnel who were considered to have low occupational noise exposure. The study found a mean FD time weighted average of 109 dBA over workdays averaging 11.5 hours. Only 2 (4%) of 52 administrative personnel had any appreciable hearing loss (defined as worse than 20 dB at any frequency 1,000 through 4,000 Hz), whereas FD and engineers demonstrated 17% and 27% hearing impairment, respectively. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, Bur Med & Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Rovig, GW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, Bur Med & Surg, 620 John Paul Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 6 BP 429 EP 432 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IX UT WOS:000235829900004 PM 15281670 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Stander, VA Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Stander, VA Thomsen, CJ Crouch, JL Milner, JS TI Childhood exposure to family violence and attrition in the Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-ABUSE; IMPACT AB In a prospective study of U.S. Navy recruits (n = 5,491), we examined the relationship between childhood exposure to family violence (child physical abuse, child sexual abuse [CSA], and domestic violence) and attrition. Overall, 55% of recruits experienced one or more forms of childhood family violence and 34% of recruits attrited within 4 years after enlistment. Considered separately, each form of childhood violence was significantly associated with attrition. When considered simultaneously, all three types of childhood violence were associated with attrition in men, but only CSA was associated with attrition in women. Men and women who experienced all three types of childhood violence were 303% and 139%, respectively, more likely to attrite than recruits who reported no childhood violence. In analyses examining the timing of attrition, CSA was associated with early attrition, whereas child physical abuse and domestic violence were unrelated to timing of attrition. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Behav Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 6 BP 465 EP 469 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IX UT WOS:000235829900012 PM 15281678 ER PT J AU Navon, IM Neta, B Hussaini, MY AF Navon, IM Neta, B Hussaini, MY TI A perfectly matched layer approach to the linearized shallow water equations models SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; EULER EQUATIONS; DOMAINS; WAVES; CONSTRUCTION; FORMULATION; SCHEMES AB A limited-area model of linearized shallow water equations (SWE) on an f plane for a rectangular domain is considered. The rectangular domain is extended to include the so-called perfectly matched layer (PML) as an absorbing boundary condition. Following the proponent of the original method, the equations are obtained in this layer by splitting the shallow water equations in the coordinate directions and introducing the absorption coefficients. The performance of the PML as an absorbing boundary treatment is demonstrated using a commonly employed bell-shaped Gaussian initially introduced at the center of the rectangular physical domain. Three typical cases are studied: A stationary Gaussian where adjustment waves radiate out of the area. A geostrophically balanced disturbance being advected through the boundary parallel to the PML. This advective case has an analytical solution allowing one to compare forecasts. The same bell being advected at an angle of 458 so that it leaves the domain through a corner. For the purpose of comparison, a reference solution is obtained on a fine grid on the extended domain with the characteristic boundary conditions. Also computed are the rms difference between the 48-h forecast and the analytical solution as well as the 48-h evolution of the mean absolute divergence, which is related to geostrophic balance. The authors found that the PML equations for the linearized shallow water equations on an f plane support unstable solutions when the mean flow is not unidirectional. Use of a damping term consisting of a 9-point smoother added to the discretized PML equations stabilizes the PML equations. The reflection/transmission is analyzed along with the case of instability for glancing propagation of the bell disturbance. A numerical illustration is provided showing that the stabilized PML for glancing bell propagation performs well with the addition of the damping term. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Navon, IM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM navon@csit.fsu.edu RI Navon, Ionel/A-5173-2008; Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 OI Navon, Ionel/0000-0001-7830-7094; NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 132 IS 6 BP 1369 EP 1378 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1369:APMLAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 829ZF UT WOS:000222090700004 ER PT J AU Das, R Kiley, PJ Segal, M Norville, J Yu, AA Wang, LY Trammell, SA Reddick, LE Kumar, R Stellacci, F Lebedev, N Schnur, J Bruce, BD Zhang, SG Baldo, M AF Das, R Kiley, PJ Segal, M Norville, J Yu, AA Wang, LY Trammell, SA Reddick, LE Kumar, R Stellacci, F Lebedev, N Schnur, J Bruce, BD Zhang, SG Baldo, M TI Integration of photosynthetic protein molecular complexes in solid-state electronic devices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACTANT-LIKE PEPTIDES; PHOTOSYSTEM-I COMPLEX; REACTION CENTERS; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; FORM NANOTUBES; FLUORESCENCE; NANOVESICLES; SUBUNIT AB Plants and photosynthetic bacteria contain protein-molecular complexes that harvest photons with nearly optimum quantum yield and an expected power conversion efficiency exceeding 20%. In this work, we demonstrate the integration of electrically active photosynthetic protein-molecular complexes in solid-state devices, realizing photodetectors and photovoltaic cells with internal quantum efficiencies of approximately 12%. Electronic integration of devices is achieved by self-assembling an oriented monolayer of photosynthetic complexes, stabilizing them with surfactant peptides, and then coating them with a protective organic semiconductor. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Biomed Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Bits & Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Excellence Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Baldo, M (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM baldo@mit.edu RI Stellacci, Francesco/B-1990-2008; Kumar, Rajay/A-3831-2012 OI Stellacci, Francesco/0000-0003-4635-6080; NR 26 TC 243 Z9 245 U1 7 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1083 DI 10.1021/nl049579f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 828MZ UT WOS:000221978700015 ER PT J AU Erwin, SC Zutic, I AF Erwin, SC Zutic, I TI Tailoring ferromagnetic chalcopyrites SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS AB If magnetic semiconductors are ever to find wide application in real spintronic devices, their magnetic and electronic properties will require tailoring in much the same way that bandgaps are engineered in conventional semiconductors. Unfortunately, no systematic understanding yet exists of how, or even whether, properties such as Curie temperatures and bandgaps are related in magnetic semiconductors. Here we explore theoretically these and other relationships within 64 members of a single materials class, the Mn-doped II-IV-V-2 chalcopyrites (where II, IV and V represent elements from groups II, IV and V, respectively); three of these compounds are already known experimentally to be ferromagnetic semiconductors. Our first-principles results reveal a variation of magnetic properties across different materials that cannot be explained by either of the two dominant models of ferromagnetism in semiconductors. On the basis of our results for structural, electronic and magnetic properties, we identify a small number of new stable chalcopyrites with excellent prospects for ferromagnetism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM erwin@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009 NR 25 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 6 BP 410 EP 414 DI 10.1038/nmat1127 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 827HQ UT WOS:000221890700024 PM 15146174 ER PT J AU Rossi, J Bekkedal, MYV McInturf, SM McDougle, FJ Lenger, A Allen, CT Arfsten, DP AF Rossi, J Bekkedal, MYV McInturf, SM McDougle, FJ Lenger, A Allen, CT Arfsten, DP TI Failure to detect differences in the neurobehavioral development of rats following in utero and pre-weanling exposure to depleted uranium. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, AR C1 EHEL, NHRC, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 718 EP 719 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 830KW UT WOS:000222121900156 ER PT J AU Shao, L Wang, XM Rusakova, I Chen, H Liu, JR Thompson, PE van der Heide, PAW Chu, WK AF Shao, L Wang, XM Rusakova, I Chen, H Liu, JR Thompson, PE van der Heide, PAW Chu, WK TI Study on interfacial dislocations of Si substrate/epitaxial layer by defect trapping SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE interface; molecular beam epitaxy growth; trapping ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SILICON; REDUCTION; DIFFUSION; SURFACES AB A defect decoration technique has been developed to study, evolution of interfacial dislocations. We have found that the interface of Si/Si layer, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, is a strong sink for self-interstitials during MeV bombardment at room temperature. Trapped Si interstitials at the interface were quantitatively measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The amount of trapped interstitials in the sample with various pre-bombardment annealing indicates a weak binding of stored Si atoms at interfacial dislocations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercoduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Houston, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 3201 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM lin.shao@mail.uh.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 938 EP 941 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.192 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800177 ER PT J AU Ziegler, JF AF Ziegler, JF TI SRIM-2003 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE SRIM; ion stopping ID STOPPING CROSS-SECTIONS; C-H; IONS; POWER; MATTER AB SRIM is a software package concerning the stopping and range of ions in matter. Since its introduction in 1985, major upgrades are made about every five years. For SRIM-2003, the following major improvements were made: (1) About 2200 new experimental stopping powers were added to the database, increasing it to over 25,000 stopping values. (2) Improved corrections were made for the stopping of ions in compounds. (3) New heavy ion stopping calculations have led to significant improvements on SRIM stopping accuracy. (4) A self-contained SRIM module has been included to allow SRIM stopping and range values to be controlled and read by other software applications. A full catalog of stopping power plots has been published at www.SRIM.org. Over 500 plots show the accuracy of the stopping and ranges produced by SRIM along with 25,000 experimental data points. References to the citations which reported the experimental data are included. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ziegler, JF (reprint author), 1201 Dixona Dr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ziegler@srim.org NR 15 TC 854 Z9 866 U1 4 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 1027 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.208 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800193 ER PT J AU Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimal performance of an endoreversible four-heat-reservoir absorption heat-transformer SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; COEFFICIENT; SYSTEMS; LOAD; PUMP AB Based on an endoreversible absorption heat-transformer cycle model operating between four temperature levels with linear (Newtonian) heat transfer law, the fundamental optimal relation between the specific heating load and the coefficient of performance, the optimal temperatures of the working substance, and the optimal heat transfer surface areas of the four heat exchangers are derived by using finite-time thermodynamics. Moreover, the effects of the cycle parameters on the cycle characteristic axe studied by numerical examples. The results obtained herein can provide some guidance for the optimal design of absorption heat-transformers. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. EM lgchenna@public.wh.hb.cn NR 15 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1023/B:OPSY.0000034193.85500.d4 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 836XC UT WOS:000222588500004 ER PT J AU Soldatov, AV Kravtsova, AN Rodina, IS Mansour, AN AF Soldatov, AV Kravtsova, AN Rodina, IS Mansour, AN TI Tudy of the local structure of the cathode material LixNiO2 (x=0.7): Analysis of the near-edge fine structure of the x-ray absorption spectra SO OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; LINIO2; INTERCALATION; BEHAVIOR; SPECTROSCOPY; LICOO2; EXAFS AB The x-ray fine-structure absorption spectra of the cathode material LixNiO2 were measured near the Ni K edge. The spectra were recorded directly during a charging/discharging cycle of a battery containing this material. Analysis of the local structure of the nickel environment in Li0.7NiO2 was performed by comparing the experimental spectrum with the theoretical spectra calculated within several structural models. The results obtained allow one to conclude that, in the stage of battery charging, the transition to the monoclinic phase is possible at some lithium concentration. (C) 2004 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Rostov State Univ, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Soldatov, AV (reprint author), Rostov State Univ, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. RI Soldatov, Alexander/E-9323-2012 OI Soldatov, Alexander/0000-0001-8411-0546 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0030-400X J9 OPT SPECTROSC+ JI Opt. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 96 IS 6 BP 853 EP 856 DI 10.1134/1.1771418 PG 4 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 838KP UT WOS:000222712500008 ER PT J AU Kao, DC Kane, TJ Mullen, LJ AF Kao, DC Kane, TJ Mullen, LJ TI Development of an amplitude-modulated Nd : YAG pulsed laser with modulation frequency tunability up to 60 GHz by dual seed injection SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A pulsed, modulation frequency tunable, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser has been devised for use in target detection through turbid media. A modulated pulse laser radar system offers many advantages in target detection, such as significant signal contrast enhancement, compared with conventional remote-sensing systems. By implementation of the dual-longitudinal-mode seed injection technique, the modulation frequency of the designed Q-switched laser can be tuned from 250 MHz up to 60 GHz in steps of 250 MHz while maintaining a modulation depth of at least 75%. This provides the ability to explore propagation and scattering properties further at previously unattainable high RF modulation frequencies. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20653 USA. RP Kao, DC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tjk7@psu.edu NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1203 EP 1205 DI 10.1364/OL.29.001203 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 821SE UT WOS:000221482100011 PM 15209247 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Why the fast relaxation in the picosecond to nanosecond time range can sense the glass transition SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Disordered Systems CY MAR 10-13, 2003 CL Molveno Andalo, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) GLASS; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COUPLING MODEL; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FORMING SUBSTANCES; BETA-RELAXATION; FREE-VOLUME; BOSON PEAK AB The fast relaxation measured by quasielastic neutron and light scattering on the picosecond to nanosecond time scales when expressed as mean square displacement as a function of temperature shows a change in slope at or near the conventional glass transition temperature in a manner like those of the enthalpy and volume. This behaviour of the fast relaxation is puzzling because the glass transition originates from the structure of the liquid falling out of equilibrium at temperatures where the alpha-relaxation time becomes long, for example 10(3) s. In this work, we consider a model proposed for the fast relaxation that is based on an extension of the coupling model to incorporate the dynamics of cage decay. Several properties of the fast relaxation are deduced from the model and shown to be consistent with the experimental data, including the appearance of a break at the glass transition temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 50 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 13-16 BP 1341 EP 1353 DI 10.1080/14786430310001644080 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 821OC UT WOS:000221469700007 ER PT J AU Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Prevosto, D Casalini, R Rolla, P AF Capaccioli, S Lucchesi, M Prevosto, D Casalini, R Rolla, P TI Effect of the isobaric and isothermal reductions in excess and configurational entropies on glass-forming dynamics SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Disordered Systems CY MAR 10-13, 2003 CL Molveno Andalo, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID VOLUME TEMPERATURE RELATIONS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION-TIME; ADAM-GIBBS MODEL; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; PRESSURE; LIQUIDS; TRANSITION; FRAGILITY; TRIPHENYLCHLOROMETHANE AB Dielectric relaxation times tau, over a broad range of temperatures and pressures for simple molecular glass-forming systems reveal good agreement with the pressure-extended Adam-Gibbs equation derived from the Adam Gibbs model, relating directly the dynamics to the thermodynamics through the configurational entropy S-c, assuming it to be proportional to the excess entropy S-exc of the melt with respect to the crystal. In the present study by making use of both calorimetric and expansivity measurements it was possible to make an accurate determination of the pressure and temperature dependences of S-exc over the whole investigated range, and the expected proportionality between Sc and Sexc was experimentally checked. Results show that different proportionality factors g(P) and g(T) exist between S-c and S-exc in isothermal and isobaric conditions and the ratio g(T)/g(P) of these is nearly 0.7 for all the systems. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Via F Buonarroti 2, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. EM capacci@df.unipi.it RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 13-16 BP 1513 EP 1519 DI 10.1080/14786430310001644288 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 821OC UT WOS:000221469700027 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Paluch, M Pakula, T Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Paluch, M Pakula, T Casalini, R TI Volume and temperature as control parameters for the dielectric a relaxation of polymers and molecular glass formers SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Disordered Systems CY MAR 10-13, 2003 CL Molveno Andalo, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID FORMING LIQUIDS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELEVATED PRESSURE; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; HYDROGEN-BONDS; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION; ENERGY; FRAGILITY AB Methods of analysing the dielectric alpha relaxation and equation-of-state data for supercooled glass-forming materials, to determine the relative contribution of volume and temperature, are illustrated using measurements on poly[(o-cresyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] (PCGE). The ratio E-V/E-P = 0.66 of apparent activation energies and the ratio |alpha(tau)|/alpha(P) = 1.7, of the thermal expansivities, evaluated at tau = 1 s and P = 0.1 MPa respectively, reveal that for PCGE the volume and temperature both exert a substantial influence on the relaxation times. In this regard, PCGE is similar to other polymers and non-associated molecular liquids for which such analyses have been carried out. This means that the underlying bases of both free-volume and thermal activation models are not correct. The exceptional behaviour is that of hydrogen-bonded liquids, such as polyalcohols, for which competing effects minimize the sensitivity to pressure, whereby temperature becomes the dominant control variable. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM roland@nrl.navy.mil RI MPIP, AK Butt/B-8805-2009 NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 13-16 BP 1573 EP 1581 DI 10.1080/14786430310001644350 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 821OC UT WOS:000221469700034 ER PT J AU Bartschat, K Dasgupta, A Madison, DH AF Bartschat, K Dasgupta, A Madison, DH TI Close-coupling and distorted-wave calculations for electron-impact excitation of the (5p(5)6p) states of xenon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX CALCULATIONS; ARGON; NEON; XE AB We report on a series of calculations for electron-impact excitation of the (5p(5)6p) states in xenon from the ground state (5p(6))S-1(0). As in previous calculations for other noble-gas targets, we find strong evidence of channel coupling for all incident energies considered (between threshold and 200 eV). Although qualitative agreement with the experimental results of Fons and Lin [Phys. Rev. A 58, 4603 (1998)] is achieved, severe quantitative discrepancies of sometimes more than a factor of 2 remain. C1 Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Bartschat, K (reprint author), Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062706 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400053 ER PT J AU Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS AF Weinstein, YS Hellberg, CS TI Quantum-cellular-automata pseudorandom maps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC VECTORS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; BORDERED MATRICES; ENTANGLEMENT; STABILITY; COMPUTER; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS; CHAOS AB Quantum computation based on quantum-cellular automata (QCA) can greatly reduce the control and precision necessary for experimental implementations of quantum information processing. A QCA system consists of a few species of qubits in which all qubits of a species evolve in parallel. We show that, in spite of its inherent constraints, a QCA system can be used to study complex quantum dynamics. To this aim, we demonstrate scalable operations on a QCA system that fulfill statistical criteria of randomness and explore which criteria of randomness can be fulfilled by operators from various QCA architectures. Other means of realizing random operators with only a few independent operators are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weinstei@dave.nrl.navy.mil; hellberg@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062301 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400019 ER PT J AU Vanhoy, JR Tanyi, JA Crandell, KA Churchill, TH Hicks, SF Burns, MC Roddy, PA Warr, NV Brown, TB Lesher, SR AF Vanhoy, JR Tanyi, JA Crandell, KA Churchill, TH Hicks, SF Burns, MC Roddy, PA Warr, NV Brown, TB Lesher, SR TI Lifetimes in Te-126 from in-beam (n,n(')gamma) measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DOPPLER-SHIFT ATTENUATION; EVEN TE NUCLEI; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; SPHERICAL NUCLEI; MASS NUCLEI; STATES; ISOTOPES; COEXISTENCE; DECAY AB The excited levels of Te-126 have been studied using the (n,n(')gamma) reaction. Excitation functions, gammagamma coincidences, angular distributions, and Doppler shifts were measured for gamma rays from levels up to an excitation energy of 3.2 MeV; multipole-mixing and branching ratios and transition rates were deduced. Experimental values of electromagnetic transition rates were compared with the anharmonic vibrator model, the general collective model, the neutron-proton interacting boson model with intruder mixing, and particle-core coupling model calculations. No advantage is found in using an intruder description for the low-spin states of Te-126. All models used reproduce some features of the level scheme and many transition rates, but the particle-core coupling model was found to have better overall success describing the observed properties of this nucleus. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Dallas, Dept Phys, Irving, TX 75062 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Vanhoy, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM vanhoy@usna.edu NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064323 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.064323 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834DE UT WOS:000222391000031 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Thermodynamical scaling of the glass transition dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ELEVATED PRESSURE; RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE; VOLUME; MODEL AB Classification of glass-forming liquids based on the dramatic change in their properties upon approach to the glassy state is appealing, since this is the most conspicuous and often-studied aspect of the glass transition. Herein, we show that a generalized scaling, log(tau)proportional toT(-1)V(-gamma), where gamma is a material constant, yields superpositioning for ten glass formers, encompassing van der Waals molecules, associated liquids, and polymers. The exponent gamma reflects the degree to which volume governs the temperature and pressure dependence of the relaxation times. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.062501 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 835RH UT WOS:000222502700113 PM 15244643 ER PT J AU Mehta, R Keawwattana, W Guenthner, AL Kyu, T AF Mehta, R Keawwattana, W Guenthner, AL Kyu, T TI Role of curvature elasticity in sectorization and ripple formation during melt crystallization of polymer single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SYNDIOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE FRACTIONS; CURVED EDGES; NUCLEATION THEORY; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; MODEL; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS; ORDER AB The present article focuses on theoretical elucidation of possible effect of mechanical deformation on spatio-temporal emergence of unusual polymer morphology subjected to quiescent isothermal crystallization conditions. The present theory developed is based on a phase field model consisted of non-conserved time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation having an asymmetric double well potential in the crystal order parameter signifying metastability for crystallization, coupled with the chain tilt angle involving curvature elasticity and strain recovery potentials. Under quiescent crystallization conditions, the curvature elasticity term is needed to discern the emergence of sectorized single crystals. Upon coupling with the strain recovery potential, the numerical calculation captures ripple formation running across the long lamellar growth front, which may be attributed to lamellar buckling caused by the volume shrinkage. Of particular interest is that these simulated topologies of the single crystals are in good accord with the growth character of syndiotactic polypropylene single crystals observed experimentally by us during isothermal crystallization from the melt. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kyu, T (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu NR 50 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 061802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.061802 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 835RH UT WOS:000222502700079 PM 15244609 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Penano, JR Hafizi, B Kapetanakos, CA AF Sprangle, P Penano, JR Hafizi, B Kapetanakos, CA TI Ultrashort laser pulses and electromagnetic pulse generation in air and on dielectric surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY STRIPPED PLASMAS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONICAL EMISSION; LIGHT FILAMENTS; PROPAGATION; IONIZATION; RADIATION; CHANNELS; FIELD; WAVE AB Intense, ultrashort laser pulses propagating in the atmosphere have been observed to emit sub-THz electromagnetic pulses (EMPS). The purpose of this paper is to analyze EMP generation from the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with air and with dielectric surfaces and to determine the efficiency of conversion of laser energy to EMP energy. In our self-consistent model the laser pulse partially ionizes the medium, forms a plasma filament, and through the ponderomotive forces associated with the laser pulse, drives plasma currents which are the source of the EMP. The propagating laser pulse evolves under the influence of diffraction, Kerr focusing, plasma defocusing, and energy depletion due to electron collisions and ionization. Collective effects and recombination processes are also included in the model. The duration of the EMP in air, at a fixed point, is found to be a few hundred femtoseconds, i.e., on the order of the laser pulse duration plus the electron collision time. For steady state laser pulse propagation the flux of EMP energy is nonradiative and axially directed. Radiative EMP energy is present only for nonsteady state or transient laser pulse propagation. The analysis also considers the generation of EMP on the surface of a dielectric on which an ultrashort laser pulse is incident. For typical laser parameters, the power and energy conversion efficiency from laser radiation to EMP radiation in both air and from dielectric surfaces is found to be extremely small, <10(-8). Results of full-scale, self-consistent, numerical simulations of atmospheric and dielectric surface EMP generation are presented. A recent experiment on atmospheric EMP generation is also simulated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 52 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 066415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.066415 PN 2 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 835RI UT WOS:000222502800105 PM 15244753 ER PT J AU Gibbs, NF AF Gibbs, NF TI Juvenile plantar dermatosis - Can sweat cause foot rash and peeling? SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Gibbs, NF (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KCA, Dept Dermatol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfgibbs@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 6 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 835VC UT WOS:000222512600006 PM 15216576 ER PT J AU Lau, RWH Zyda, M AF Lau, RWH Zyda, M TI Advances in collaborative virtual environments SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Comp Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept CEIT, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA USA. RP Lau, RWH (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Comp Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP III EP IV DI 10.1162/1054746041422361 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 834XU UT WOS:000222445000001 ER PT J AU Hoffmaster, AR Ravel, J Rasko, DA Chapman, GD Chute, MD Marston, CK De, BK Sacchi, CT Fitzgerald, C Mayer, LW Maiden, MCJ Priest, FG Barker, M Jiang, LX Cer, RZ Rilstone, J Peterson, SN Weyant, RS Galloway, DR Read, TD Popovic, T Fraser, CM AF Hoffmaster, AR Ravel, J Rasko, DA Chapman, GD Chute, MD Marston, CK De, BK Sacchi, CT Fitzgerald, C Mayer, LW Maiden, MCJ Priest, FG Barker, M Jiang, LX Cer, RZ Rilstone, J Peterson, SN Weyant, RS Galloway, DR Read, TD Popovic, T Fraser, CM TI Identification of anthrax toxin genes in a Bacillus cereus associated with an illness resembling inhalation anthrax SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CLOSELY-RELATED BACTERIA; GENOME SEQUENCE; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; PLASMID; THURINGIENSIS; FRAGMENT; PXO1; CONSERVATION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax, an acute fatal disease among mammals. It was thought to differ from Bacillus cereus, an opportunistic pathogen and cause of food poisoning, by the presence of plasmids pXO1 and pX o2, which encode the lethal toxin complex and the poly-p-D-glutamic acid capsule, respectively. This work describes a non-B. anthracis isolate that possesses the anthrax toxin genes and is capable of causing a severe inhalation anthrax-like illness. Although initial phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis identified this isolate as B. cereus, the rapid generation and analysis of a high-coverage draft genome sequence revealed the presence of a circular plasmid, named pBCXO1, with 99.6% similarity with the B. anthracis toxin-encoding plasmid, pXO1. Although homologues of the pXO2 encoded capsule genes were not found, a polysaccharide capsule cluster is encoded on a second, previously unidentified plasmid, pBC218. A/J mice challenged with B. cereus 69241 confirmed the virulence of this strain. These findings represent an example of how genomics could rapidly assist public health experts responding not only to clearly identified select agents but also to novel agents with similar pathogenic potentials. In this study, we combined a public health approach with genome analysis to provide insight into the correlation of phenotypic characteristics and their genetic basis. C1 Inst Genomic Res, Microbial Genomics & Pathogen Genomic Resource Ct, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3SY, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fraser, CM (reprint author), Inst Genomic Res, Microbial Genomics & Pathogen Genomic Resource Ct, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM cmfraser@tigr.org RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; OI Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; David, Rasko/0000-0002-7337-7154; Maiden, Martin/0000-0001-6321-5138 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI15447] NR 32 TC 287 Z9 306 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 22 BP 8449 EP 8454 DI 10.1073/pnas.0402414101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 826LY UT WOS:000221831800036 PM 15155910 ER PT J AU Howell, SB Henden, AA Landolt, AU Dain, C AF Howell, SB Henden, AA Landolt, AU Dain, C TI Multicolor photometry of the 2001 superoutburst of WZ Sagittae SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; ACCRETION DISC; EMISSION; SGE AB We present the results of U-band and multicolor photometry during the 2001 superoutburst of WZ Sge. Our 10 nights of U-band photometry span the time interval from HJD 2,452,118 to 2,452,197, while our multicolor observations range from HJD 2,452,115 to 2,452,197. The U-band light curves are generally in agreement with other data sets obtained during the superoutburst, showing highly modulated light early on, rebrightenings, and superhumps of similar shape and period (except during the rebrightening peak). One of our multicolor data sets fortuitously covers the first rebrightening and allows determination of the accretion disk color temperature before, during, and after the event. It is seen that the rebrightening is a change from a neutral disk (T-7000 K) to an ionized disk (T-10,000 K) and back again. We develop a simple limit cycle model for this behavior that approximately predicts the semiperiodic timescale observed for the rebrightenings. We discuss our results in relation to accretion disk structure during superoutburst. C1 WIYN Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Howell, SB (reprint author), WIYN Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM howell@noao.edu; aah@nofs.navy.mil; landolt@baton.phys.lsu.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 116 IS 820 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1086/421725 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LB UT WOS:000221540000005 ER PT J AU Blackmon, F Antonelli, L AF Blackmon, F Antonelli, L TI Acousto-optic comm links underwater and in-air platforms - Developing a laser-based technology to allow a unique means of communication across air-water boundary lines SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 58 EP 66 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 831NO UT WOS:000222201400009 ER PT J AU Feresenbet, EB Taylor, F Chinowsky, TM Yee, SS Shenoy, DK AF Feresenbet, EB Taylor, F Chinowsky, TM Yee, SS Shenoy, DK TI Optical chemical sensing using nematic liquid crystal SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nematic liquid crystals; surface plasmon resonance; chemical sensing; sensitivity amplification ID ORGANIC VAPORS; CONFIGURATIONAL ANALYSIS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SOLVENT-VAPOR; SENSOR-ARRAY; TRANSITION; CAVITANDS; RESPONSES; COATINGS; FILMS AB Liquid crystals have been used in the past as sensing layers for detection of organic vapors. However, the transduction methods used and the specific liquid crystals employed as the sensing layer have limited the sensitivity and potential applicability of this approach. Here we show that a widely used, stable, commercially available room temperature nematic liquid crystal, pentyl cyanobiphenyl, can detect organic vapors with high selectivity and sensitivity when deposited on a planar substrate and observed with a surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor. The custom built surface plasmon resonance system used for this work is capable of real time (sub-second) refractive-index measurement over a large range (similar to 1.3 to 1.75). Exposure of the liquid crystal layer to vapor causes refractive index change due to incorporation of vapors in the liquid crystal and consequent induction of orientational disorder. Sensing experiments for several organic vapors are presented, and it is seen that the sign and magnitude of response and response kinetics vary with the type of vapor. Vapor sensing over a wide range of concentrations is achieved with liquid crystal kept at room temperature, while increased sensitivity at low concentrations can be realized by holding the liquid crystal close to the nematic to isotropic phase transition temperature. Results on the interaction of several organic vapors with pentyl cyanobiphenyl are presented and it is shown that even vapors of isomers, m-xylene and p-xylene, can be distinguished. In addition, we have demonstrated the capability to recycle the liquid crystal sensor by extracting the organic vapors, which returns the liquid crystal to its initial uniform alignment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dshenoy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENS LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 2 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1166/sl.2004.032 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 004PW UT WOS:000234765700012 ER PT J AU Dilcher, C Chan, RC Justus, B Huston, AL Hellinga, D Seaborn, R Alberti, W Waksman, R AF Dilcher, C Chan, RC Justus, B Huston, AL Hellinga, D Seaborn, R Alberti, W Waksman, R TI Dose mapping of coronary arteries in porcine utilizing a fiber coupled dosimeter SO STRAHLENTHERAPIE UND ONKOLOGIE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Congress of the Deutschen-Gesellschaft-fur-Radioonkologie CY JUN 13, 2001 CL Erfurt, GERMANY SP Deutsch Gesell Radioonkol C1 Univ Hamburg, Hosp Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. Washington Hosp Ctr, CRI, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & VOGEL PI MUNICH PA NEUMARKTER STRASSE 43, D-81673 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0179-7158 J9 STRAHLENTHER ONKOL JI Strahlenther. Onkol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 180 SU 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 827CU UT WOS:000221877000323 ER PT J AU Aboul-Enein, Y AF Aboul-Enein, Y TI Allies: The US, Britain, Europe and the war in Iraq SO TERRORISM AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Washington, DC USA. RP Aboul-Enein, Y (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0954-6553 J9 TERROR POLIT VIOLENC JI Terror. Polit. Violence PD SUM PY 2004 VL 16 IS 2 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 853FJ UT WOS:000223812100016 ER PT J AU Botros, BA Sobh, M Wierzba, T Arthur, RR Mohareb, EW Frenck, R El Refaie, A Mahmoud, I Chapman, GD Graham, RR AF Botros, BA Sobh, M Wierzba, T Arthur, RR Mohareb, EW Frenck, R El Refaie, A Mahmoud, I Chapman, GD Graham, RR TI Prevalence of hantavirus antibody in patients with chronic renal disease in Egypt SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE ELISA; CRF; rodents; Hantaan virus; hantavirus; Egypt ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NILE RIVER DELTA; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; VIRAL ANTIBODY; UNITED-STATES; HANTAAN; INFECTION; VIRUSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB In Egypt, the etiology of chronic renal failure (CRF) is not well defined. A hospital-based case-control study was initiated in February 1998, to determine whether hantavirus infection is involved in chronic renal disease (CRD) in Egypt. The study enrolled 350 study patients with a history of CRF and 695 matched controls with CRD due to renal calculus or renal cancer, but with normal renal functions. Sera from cases and controls were tested for anti-hantavirus IgG using ELISA with a cell-lysate antigen from Hantaan virus prototype strain 76-118. A demographic questionnaire was completed for each study participant. Five of the 350 cases (1.4%), and seven of the 695 controls (1.0%) were antibody-positive to hantavirus, with a titer greater than or equal to1:400. The difference in antibody prevalence between the study cases and the control cases was not statistically significant (P = 0.48). All antibody-positive study cases and controls had been exposed to rodents. Data indicated that in Egypt, hantavirus seroprevalence in CRD patients is low, and hantavirus infections do not appear to be a significant cause of CRF Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. El Mansoura Univ, Urol & Nephrol Ctr, Mansoura, Egypt. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Botros, BA (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Code 101 F,PSC 452,Box 5000,FPO AE 09835-0007, Cairo, Egypt. EM BotrosA@namru3.org NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 98 IS 6 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(03)00063-4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 817QV UT WOS:000221192900001 PM 15099987 ER PT J AU Nasr, V AF Nasr, V TI Regional implications of Shi'a revival in Iraq SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Nasr, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0163-660X J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 7 EP 24 DI 10.1162/016366004323090232 PG 18 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 825ZE UT WOS:000221797200001 ER PT J AU Deng, Y Moore, TG AF Deng, Y Moore, TG TI China views globalization: Toward a new great-power politics? SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0163-660X J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 117 EP 136 DI 10.1162/016366004323090296 PG 20 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 825ZE UT WOS:000221797200007 ER PT J AU Goerss, JS Sampson, CR Gross, JM AF Goerss, JS Sampson, CR Gross, JM TI A history of western North Pacific tropical cyclone track forecast skill SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE PREDICTION SYSTEM; INDEPENDENT FORECASTS; MODELS; ERRORS AB The tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasting skill of operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and their consensus is examined for the western North Pacific from 1992 to 2002. The TC track forecasting skill of the operational NWP models is steadily improving. For the western North Pacific, the typical 72-h model forecast error has decreased from roughly 600 km to roughly 400 km over the past ten years and is now comparable to the typical 48-h model forecast error of 10 years ago. In this study the performance of consensus aids that are formed whenever the TC track forecasts from at least two models from a specified pool of operational NWP models are available is examined. The 72-h consensus forecast error has decreased from about 550 km to roughly 310 km over the past ten years and is now better than the 48-h consensus forecast error of 10 years ago. For 2002, the 72-h forecast errors for a consensus computed from a specified pool of two, five, seven, and eight models were 357, 342, 329, and 309 km, respectively. The consensus forecast availability is defined as the percent of the time that consensus forecasts were available to the forecaster when he/she was required to make a TC forecast. While the addition of models to the consensus has a modest impact on forecast skill, it has a more marked impact on consensus forecast availability. The forecast availabilities for 72-h consensus forecasts computed from a pool of two, five, seven, and eight models were 84%, 89%, 92%, and 97%, respectively. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Goerss, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM goerss@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0633:AHOWNP>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826JL UT WOS:000221825300013 ER PT J AU Hearne, SM Jamieson, DN Trajkov, E Prawer, S Butler, JE AF Hearne, SM Jamieson, DN Trajkov, E Prawer, S Butler, JE TI Temperature-dependent emptying of grain-boundary charge traps in chemical vapor deposited diamond SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMALLY STIMULATED CURRENTS; BEAM-INDUCED CHARGE; CVD DIAMOND; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; RADIATION DETECTORS; COLLECTION; TRANSPORT; FILMS AB We have used the technique of ion beam induced charge with a 2 MeV He+ microprobe to image particle detectors fabricated from polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited diamond as a function of temperature. We find that detectors which display a thermally stimulated current peak at 190 degreesC display increased charge collection efficiency when heated above that temperature. The probability of detecting the impact of a single ion at room temperature was less than 2%, but this probability rises to over 80% at 170 degreesC. We model this effect by showing that charge trapped at grain boundaries is liberated at elevated temperatures and this results in an increased electric field within the detector volume and hence a raised charge collection efficiency. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hearne, SM (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM dnj@ph.unimelb.edu.au RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Jamieson, David/G-3753-2010; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Jamieson, David/0000-0001-7733-6715; PRAWER, STEVEN/0000-0002-4959-0828 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 31 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 22 BP 4493 EP 4495 DI 10.1063/1.1756201 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 822KF UT WOS:000221537500045 ER PT J AU Kohler, DDR Bissett, WP Steward, RG Davis, CO AF Kohler, DDR Bissett, WP Steward, RG Davis, CO TI New approach for the radiometric calibration of spectral imaging systems SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OCEAN COLOR; SHALLOW WATERS; COASTAL; IMAGERY; ENVIRONMENTS; BATHYMETRY; RADIANCE; MODEL AB The calibration of multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems is typically done in the laboratory using an integrating sphere, which usually produces a signal that is red rich. Using such a source to calibrate environmental monitoring systems presents some difficulties. Not only is much of the calibration data outside the range and spectral quality of data values that are expected to be captured in the field, using these measurements alone may exaggerate the optical flaws found within the system. Left unaccounted for, these flaws will become embedded in to the calibration, and thus, they will be passed on to the field data when the calibration is applied. To address these issues, we used a series of well-characterized spectral filters within our calibration. It provided us with a set us stable spectral standards to test and account for inadequacies in the spectral and radiometric integrity of the optical imager. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Florida Environm Res Inst, Tampa, FL 33611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kohler, DDR (reprint author), Florida Environm Res Inst, 4807 Bayshore Blvd, Tampa, FL 33611 USA. EM dkohler@flenvironmental.org NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 31 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2463 EP 2477 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.002463 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 827GU UT WOS:000221888500015 PM 19475083 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM AF Jordan, PM TI An analytical study of Kuznetsov's equation: diffusive solitons, shock formation, and solution bifurcation SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE bifurcation analysis; nonlinear acoustics; shock formation; traveling waves ID THERMOVISCOUS PHENOMENA; RESONANT OSCILLATIONS; ACOUSTICS; WAVES; PROPAGATION; FLUID AB The exact traveling wave solution (TWS), which assumes the form of a diffusive soliton, is determined for Kuznetsov's equation, a PDE arising in nonlinear acoustics. It is shown (a) that a TWS exists iff the Mach number is less than or equal to a critical value; (b) that the wave speed suffers a bifurcation and is always supersonic; and (c) that a shock develops as the Reynolds number --> infinity. Lastly, some shortcomings associated with approximating Kuznetsov's equation with Burgers' equation are noted. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pjordan@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD MAY 31 PY 2004 VL 326 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2004.03.067 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 826LL UT WOS:000221830500011 ER PT J AU Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D Pottier, E AF Schuler, DL Lee, JS Kasilingam, D Pottier, E TI Measurement of ocean surface slopes and wave spectra using polarimetric SAR image data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ocean surface slopes; wave spectra; SAR image data ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; CROSS-SPECTRA; INVERSION AB Methods have been investigated which use fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image data to measure ocean slopes and wave spectra. Independent techniques have been developed to measure wave slopes in the SAR azimuth and range directions. The azimuth slope technique, in particular, is a more direct measurement than conventional, intensity based, backscatter cross-section measurements. In the azimuth direction, wave-induced perturbations of the polarimetric orientation angle are used to sense the wave slopes. In the range direction, a new technique involving the alpha parameter from the Cloude-Pottier H-A-(α) over bar- (Entropy, Anisotropy, and (averaged) Alpha) polarimetric scattering decomposition theorem is used to measure slopes. Both measurement types are sensitive to ocean wave slopes and are directional. Taken together, they form a means of using polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) image data to make complete measurements of either ocean wave slopes, or directional wave spectra. These measurements must still contend with fundamental nonlinearities in the SAR image processing (i.e., azimuth direction "velocity bunching") that are due to wave velocity and acceleration effects. NASA/JPL/AIRSAR L-, and P-band data from California coastal waters were used in the studies. Wave parameters measured using the new methods are compared with those developed using both conventional SAR intensity based methods, and with in situ NOAA National Data Center buoy measurement products. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, IETR Lab, UMR 6164,Bur 11D 116, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7200,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dschuler@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; dkasilingam@umassd.edu; eric.pottier@univ-rennes1.fr NR 28 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 30 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 2 BP 198 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.03.008 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 828XC UT WOS:000222006000007 ER PT J AU Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES AF Gamezo, VN Khokhlov, AM Oran, ES TI Deflagrations and detonations in thermonuclear supernovae SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IA SUPERNOVAE; DELAYED-DETONATION; LIGHT CURVES; WHITE-DWARFS; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; MODELS; CARBON; SIMULATIONS; EXPLOSION; DISTANCES AB We study a type Ia supernova explosion using three-dimensional numerical simulations based on reactive fluid dynamics. We consider a delayed-detonation model that assumes a deflagration-to-detonation transition. In contrast with the pure deflagration model, the delayed-detonation model releases enough energy to account for a healthy explosion, and does not leave carbon, oxygen, and intermediate-mass elements in central parts of a white dwarf. This removes the key disagreement between simulations and observations, and makes a delayed detonation the mostly likely mechanism for type Ia supernovae. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gamezo, VN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 21 AR 211102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.211102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 824UT UT WOS:000221713300007 PM 15245271 ER PT J AU Walsh, JJ Dieterle, DA Maslowski, W Whitledge, TE AF Walsh, JJ Dieterle, DA Maslowski, W Whitledge, TE TI Decadal shifts in biophysical forcing of Arctic marine food webs: Numerical consequences SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review DE food webs; models; arctic ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ANTARCTIC COASTAL SITE; CHUKCHI SEA; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TRACER DISTRIBUTIONS; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; HIGH-LATITUDES; OCEAN SECTION; BARENTS SEA AB Fall case studies of three-dimensional circulation, plankton, and benthos models explored the consequences of interannual changes in ice cover and water motion on carbon/nitrogen cycling by the end of September within the Chukchi/Beaufort Seas. The coupled model scenarios were those of reduced (greater) northward flow, colder (warmer) temperatures, and more (less) extensive ice cover over the preceding similar to60 days of August and September during the negative (positive), anticyclonic (cyclonic) phase of the Arctic Oscillation in 1980 (1989). On the inner Chukchi shelf, stronger flows in 1989 advected nitrate and silicate stocks of Pacific origin similar to130 km farther northwest toward Wrangel Island than in 1980. Yet an increase of the total net photosynthesis by the diatom-dominated phytoplankton community over both shelves in 1989 was mainly the result of less ice cover of the cyclonic period, with a concomittant increase of POC influxes of phytodetritus and fecal pellets to the sediments. In terms of present shelf export, the model's separate pools of similar to65 umol DOC kg(-1) and 1 ug chl 1(-1), or similar to4 umol POC kg(-1), at a depth of 60 m above the 2000-m isobath of the Beaufort Sea in September 1989, matched the sum of similar to70 umol TOC kg-(-1) sampled there by submarine in September 1997. Accordingly, most of the simulated Chukchi shelf was a weak sink of atmospheric CO2 in both September 1980 and 1989, reflecting a net fall export of particulate and dissolved debris. Within the cyclonic case of strong flows in 1989, a surface pCO(2) of 248 uatm was also simulated in September at 155degreesW on the Beaufort shelf, where similar to250 uatm was measured there in September 2000. Here, farther away from the Pacific source of nutrients for enhanced photosynthesis, the model's estimate of surface sea water fugacity in a weaker flow regime was only 375 uatm of pCO(2) at the same location in September 1980, when typically outgassing would have instead prevailed, despite increasing atmospheric pCO(2) values, i.e., 356 to 362 uatm of pCO(2) were found in Arctic air during 1998 to 2000. Although the northward model transports of water, gases, nutrients, and particulate matter were less during 1980 than in 1989, the simulated relict nutrient fields, left behind by the model's phytoplankton on the outer shelf of the Chukchi Sea, were greater then, as a consequence of their smaller rates of light-imited utilization during less photosynthesis and draw down of CO2. The more important factors, effecting fluxes of CO2 here, may thus be the biological ones of photosynthesis and respiration, rather than the physical ones of temperature and advection. Since the colonial prymnesiophytes of the model also grew better at low light intensities than the diatoms or microflagellates, Phaeocystis won, when all other constraints were similar, in regions of the ice-covered upper euphotic zone, where total stocks were less than 0.5 ug chl 1(-1)as observed in August 2000. However, increased model fidelity, compared with submarine observations of nutrients along the shelf break of the western Canadian Basin, will require appropriate specification of the persistence of winter initial conditions in Bering Strait. Future reductions of ice cover over deeper regions of these Arctic shelves may result in greater utilization of the untapped winter nutrients by these shade-adapted prymnesiophytes, with less energy transfer to higher trophic levels of their food webs. Altered bases of shelf food webs, rather than increased northward transport of Pacific waters and their constituents, may then have greater consequences for both future element cycling and protein yield of these western Arctic ecosystems. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Walsh, JJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jwalsh@seas.marine.usf.edu; dwid@seas.marine.usf.edu; maslowsk@ucar.edu; terry@ims.uaf.edu NR 103 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 27 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C5 AR C05031 DI 10.1029/2003JC001945 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 827OY UT WOS:000221911400001 ER PT J AU Bishop, J Mierkiewicz, EJ Roesler, FL Gomez, JF Morales, C AF Bishop, J Mierkiewicz, EJ Roesler, FL Gomez, JF Morales, C TI Data-model comparison search analysis of coincident PBO Balmer alpha, EURD Lyman beta geocoronal measurements from march 2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE airglow measurements : Lyman series, Balmer series; airglow analysis : techniques and methods; atmospheric composition : atomic hydrogen; geocoronal density distributions and radiative transport; exospheres ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETER; INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; LINE-PROFILES; AIRGLOW; ATMOSPHERE; SPECTROSCOPY; THERMOSPHERE; RADIATION AB Recent Lyman series and Balmer series airglow measurements provide a fresh opportunity to investigate the density distribution and variability of atomic hydrogen in the upper atmosphere. Dedicated nightside Balmer alpha Fabry-Perot spectrometer measurements at the Pine Bluff Observatory (PBO), University of Wisconsin-Madison, have been acquired since late 1999 taking advantage of several technological advances. Extreme ultraviolet spectral radiance measurements by the Espectrografo Ultravioleta extremo para la Radiacion Difusa (EURD) instrument on the Spanish MINISAT-1 satellite from October 1997 to December 2001 provide extensive sets of geocoronal Lyman beta, Lyman gamma and He 584 Angstrom emission intensities. In this paper, coincident EURD Lyman beta and PBO Balmer alpha radiance measurements from the early March 2000 new moon period are presented. In addition to serving as examples of the data sets now available, the data volume poses an analysis challenge not faced in prior geocoronal studies. A data-model comparison search procedure employing resonance radiation transport results for extensive sets of parametric density distribution models is being developed for use in analyses of multiple large data sets; this is described, and example results for the PBO and EURD March 2000 data sets are presented. The tightness of the constraints obtained for the solar line-center Lyman beta irradiance and the atomic hydrogen column abundance is somewhat surprising, given the crudeness of the parameter binning in the search procedure and the fact that a small number of recognized corrections remain to be made to each data set. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. INTA, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. RP Bishop, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7643,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jbishop@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI Gomez, Jose Francisco/D-8392-2016 OI Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 27 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A5 AR A05307 DI 10.1029/2003JA010165 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 827PH UT WOS:000221912300001 ER PT J AU Collins, CA Ivanov, LM Melnichenko, OV Garfield, N AF Collins, CA Ivanov, LM Melnichenko, OV Garfield, N TI California Undercurrent variability and eddy transport estimated from RAFOS float observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE California Current system; RAFOS floats; seasonal variability; dispersion ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; CURRENT SYSTEM; TURBULENT DISPERSION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SURFACE CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; POINT SUR; PART I; DECOMPOSITION AB RAFOS float observations collected between 1992 and 2002 were analyzed to identify the seasonal variability of circulation in four geographical boxes which extended along the central and northern California coast and were successively located farther offshore. The mean pressure of the floats was 375 dbar. Poleward flow associated with the California Undercurrent dominated the two boxes closest to shore, extending from the 400-m isobath to a distance of 190 km offshore. For the box closest to shore, the monthly mean alongshore velocity was maximum (minimum), 5.4 cm/s (1.7 cm/s), in May-June ( February), while the eddy kinetic energy ( EKE) was minimum was 33 cm(2)/s(2) (21 cm(2)/s(2)) in September (December-February). The mean EKE in the coastal region was 28 cm(2)/s(2), increasing to 50 cm(2)/s(2) for the region farthest offshore, a distance of about 400 km. For that region farthest offshore, EKE had a broad maximum from June to November and a minimum in April. Lagrangian correlation and dispersion tensors were estimated for floats that left the coastal region. Three different dispersive regimes of float motion were identified as ballistic transport, normal diffusion, and anomalous sub-diffusion. Westward sub-diffusion was induced by Rossby wave-like structures with a periodicity of 100-120 days. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Ukrainian Natl Acad, Inst Marine Hydrophys, UA-99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine. RP Collins, CA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM collins@nps.edu NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 25 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C5 AR C05028 DI 10.1029/2003JC002191 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 827OW UT WOS:000221911200005 ER PT J AU van 't Erve, OMJ Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH Jonker, BT Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A AF van 't Erve, OMJ Kioseoglou, G Hanbicki, AT Li, CH Jonker, BT Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A TI Comparison of Fe/Schottky and Fe/Al2O3 tunnel barrier contacts for electrical spin injection into GaAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; FILMS AB We compare electrical spin injection from Fe films into identical GaAs-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using different tunnel barriers-a reverse-biased Fe/AlGaAs Schottky contact and an Fe/Al2O3 barrier. Both types of structures are formed in situ using a multichamber molecular-beam epitaxy system. A detailed analysis of the transport data confirms that tunneling occurs in each case. We find that the spin polarization achieved in the GaAs using the Al2O3 barrier is 40% (best case; 30% typical), but the electrical efficiency is significantly lower than that of the Fe Schottky contact. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vanterve@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; jonker@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 21 BP 4334 EP 4336 DI 10.1063/1.1758305 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 820QP UT WOS:000221404700066 ER PT J AU Gerrard, AJ Kane, TJ Eckermann, SD Thayer, JP AF Gerrard, AJ Kane, TJ Eckermann, SD Thayer, JP TI Gravity waves and mesospheric clouds in the summer middle atmosphere: A comparison of lidar measurements and ray modeling of gravity waves over Sondrestrom, Greenland SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE gravity waves; lidar; mesospheric clouds ID STRATOSPHERIC MOUNTAIN WAVES; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; RAYLEIGH LIDAR; HEMISPHERIC-DIFFERENCES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GLOBAL PROPAGATION; PARAMETERIZATION; DYNAMICS; SCALE AB We conducted gravity wave ray-tracing experiments within an atmospheric region centered near the ARCLITE lidar system at Sondrestrom, Greenland (67degreesN, 310degreesE), in efforts to understand lidar observations of both upper stratospheric gravity wave activity and mesospheric clouds during August 1996 and the summer of 2001. The ray model was used to trace gravity waves through realistic three-dimensional daily-varying background atmospheres in the region, based on forecasts and analyses in the troposphere and stratosphere and climatologies higher up. Reverse ray tracing based on upper stratospheric lidar observations at Sondrestrom was also used to try to objectively identify wave source regions in the troposphere. A source spectrum specified by reverse ray tracing experiments in early August 1996 (when atmospheric flow patterns produced enhanced transmission of waves into the upper stratosphere) yielded model results throughout the remainder of August 1996 that agreed best with the lidar observations. The model also simulated increased vertical group propagation of waves between 40 km and 80 km due to intensifying mean easterlies, which allowed many of the gravity waves observed at 40 km over Sondrestrom to propagate quasi-vertically from 40-80 km and then interact with any mesospheric clouds at 80 km near Sondrestrom, supporting earlier experimentally-inferred correlations between upper stratospheric gravity wave activity and mesospheric cloud backscatter from Sondrestrom lidar observations. A pilot experiment of real-time runs with the model in 2001 using weather forecast data as a low-level background produced less agreement with lidar observations. We believe this is due to limitations in our specified tropospheric source spectrum, the use of climatological winds and temperatures in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, and missing lidar data from important time periods. C1 Clemson Univ, Kinard Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Middle Atmopsher Dynam Sect, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SRI Int, Ionospher & Phys Phys Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Clemson Univ, Kinard Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM agerrar@clemson.edu; tjk7@psu.edu; stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil; thayer@sri.com RI THAYER, JEFFREY P./B-7264-2016 OI THAYER, JEFFREY P./0000-0001-7127-8251 NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D10 AR D10103 DI 10.1029/2002JD002783 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 823KT UT WOS:000221611500001 ER PT J AU Ivlev, AV Khrapak, SA Zhdanov, SK Morfill, GE Joyce, G AF Ivlev, AV Khrapak, SA Zhdanov, SK Morfill, GE Joyce, G TI Force on a charged test particle in a collisional flowing plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DUST PARTICLES; OBJECT AB The force on a charged test particle embedded in a flowing (electron-ion) plasma is calculated using the linear dielectric response formalism. This approach allows us to take into account ion-neutral collisions self-consistently. The effect of collisions on the ion drag force is analyzed. It is shown that collisions can play a major role and can enhance the force substantially. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci, D-85741 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RI Khrapak, Sergey/M-4114-2013 OI Khrapak, Sergey/0000-0002-3393-6767 NR 16 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 20 AR 205007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.205007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 822LK UT WOS:000221541300036 PM 15169365 ER PT J AU LaRosa, TN Nord, ME Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE AF LaRosa, TN Nord, ME Lazio, TJW Kassim, NE TI New nonthermal filaments at the Galactic center: Are they tracing a globally ordered magnetic field? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; ISM : magnetic fields; radio continuum : ISM ID RADIO STRUCTURES; CENTER REGION; ORIGIN; WIND; ARC; LOBE AB New high-resolution, wide-field 90 cm VLA(1) observations of the Galactic center (GC) region by Nord and coworkers have revealed 20 nonthermal filament (NTF) candidates. We report 6 cm polarization observations of six of these. All of the candidates have the expected NTF morphology, and two show extended polarization, confirming their identification as NTFs. One of the new NTFs appears to be part of a system of NTFs located in the Sgr B region, 64 pc in projection north of Sgr A. These filaments cross the Galactic plane with an orientation similar to the filaments in the Galactic center radio arc. They extend the scale over which the NTF phenomena is known to occur to almost 300 pc along the Galactic plane. Another NTF was found in the Galactic plane south of the Sgr C filament but with an orientation of 45degrees to the Galactic plane. This is only the second of 12 confirmed NTFs that is not oriented perpendicular to the Galactic plane. An additional candidate in the Sgr C region was resolved into multiple filamentary structures. Polarization was detected only at the brightness peak of one of the filaments. Several of these filaments run parallel to the Galactic plane and can be considered additional evidence for nonpoloidal magnetic fields at the GC. Together the 90 and 6 cm observations indicate that the GC magnetic field may be more complex than a simple globally ordered dipolar field. C1 Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LaRosa, TN (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, 1000 Chastain Rd, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. EM ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu; Michael.Nord@nrl.navy.mil; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil; namir.kassim@nrl.navy.mil NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 1 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1086/383233 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822FN UT WOS:000221523900025 ER PT J AU Kleinman, SJ Harris, HC Eisenstein, DJ Liebert, J Nitta, A Krzesinski, J Munn, JA Dahn, CC Hawley, SL Pier, JR Schmidt, G Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Szkody, P Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Collinge, MJ Mukadam, AS Koester, D Uomoto, A Schlegel, DJ Anderson, SF Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ Schneider, DP York, DG AF Kleinman, SJ Harris, HC Eisenstein, DJ Liebert, J Nitta, A Krzesinski, J Munn, JA Dahn, CC Hawley, SL Pier, JR Schmidt, G Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Szkody, P Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Collinge, MJ Mukadam, AS Koester, D Uomoto, A Schlegel, DJ Anderson, SF Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ Schneider, DP York, DG TI A catalog of spectroscopically identified white dwarf stars in the first data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; subdwarfs; white dwarfs ID ROSAT ALL-SKY; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; STELLAR OBJECTS; HYDROGEN-RICH; COOL; HELIUM; SYSTEM; SAMPLE; BINARY AB We present the full spectroscopic white dwarf and hot subdwarf sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) first data release, DR1. We find 2551 white dwarf stars of various types, 240 hot subdwarf stars, and an additional 144 objects we have identified as uncertain white dwarf stars. Of the white dwarf stars, 1888 are nonmagnetic DA types and 171 are nonmagnetic DBs. The remaining ( 492) objects consist of all different types of white dwarf stars: DO, DQ, DC, DH, DZ, hybrid stars such as DAB, etc., and those with nondegenerate companions. We fit the DA and DB spectra with a grid of models to determine the T-eff and log g for each object. For all objects, we provide coordinates, proper motions, SDSS photometric magnitudes, and enough information to retrieve the spectrum/image from the SDSS public database. This catalog nearly doubles the known sample of spectroscopically identified white dwarf stars. In the DR1 imaged area of the sky, we increase the known sample of white dwarf stars by a factor of 8.5. We also comment on several particularly interesting objects in this sample. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kleinman, SJ (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Apache Point Observ, POB 59, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM sjnk@apo.nmsu.edu OI Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601 NR 59 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 1 BP 426 EP 444 DI 10.1086/383464 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822FN UT WOS:000221523900037 ER PT J AU Landi, E Storey, PJ Zeippen, CJ AF Landi, E Storey, PJ Zeippen, CJ TI Atomic data and spectral line intensities for CaVIII SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; plasmas; Sun : corona ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; ALUMINUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; STRUCTURE CROSS-SECTIONS; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; EMISSION-LINES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; IRON PROJECT; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; REACTANCE MATRICES AB In the present work a complete set of energy levels, spontaneous radiative decay rates, and thermally averaged collision strengths are calculated for the first time for the five lowest electron configurations of Ca VIII, corresponding to 40 fine-structure energy levels. Collision data are calculated using the R-matrix approximation, and results are compared with earlier computations. The potential of Ca VIII lines for plasma diagnostics is shown. Ca VIII line emissivities are calculated and compared to observations of the Sun obtained with high-resolution spectrometers on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Excellent agreement between predictions and observations is found, and Ca VIII is able to provide accurate measurements of Ca/Ne abundance, relevant for studies of the first ionization potential effect. C1 USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 8102, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Artep Inc, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 1 BP 640 EP 652 DI 10.1086/383409 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822FN UT WOS:000221523900053 ER PT J AU Serwer, BA Barold, HS AF Serwer, BA Barold, HS TI Pericardial cyst SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Serwer, BA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 21 BP E19 EP E19 DI 10.1056/ENEJMicm030196 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 821XM UT WOS:000221496700011 PM 15152075 ER PT J AU Passaro, LC Webster, FX AF Passaro, LC Webster, FX TI Synthesis of the female sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE (+)-cis-Planococcyl acetate; synthesis; pheromones; olefination; oxidation ID STEREOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS; CATALYZED OXIDATION; RISSO; GRANDISOL AB The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) is a common pest in the Southern U. S. and the Mediterranean. Two alternative syntheses of the female sex pheromone, (1R)-(+)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-isopropenyl-cyclobutane methanol acetate, have been developed. Key transformations include an allylic oxidation of (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene to (+)-R-verbenone, oxidative decarboxylation using RuCl3-NalO(4), and methylenation with Zn/CH2Br2/TiCl4. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Webster, FX (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM fwebster@mailbox.syr.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 19 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2896 EP 2899 DI 10.1021/jf035301h PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 820WE UT WOS:000221419500025 PM 15137832 ER PT J AU Long, DP Lazorcik, JL Shashidhar, R AF Long, DP Lazorcik, JL Shashidhar, R TI Magnetically directed self-assembly of carbon nanotube devices SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SINGLE; SEPARATION; FABRICATION; INTEGRATION; ELECTRODES; DEPOSITION; PLACEMENT AB A new method for the parallel fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) electronic devices is described. Self-assembly via magnetic entrapment exploits magnetic fields generated within micrometer- or nanometer-scale devices for the controlled deposition of susceptible species onto predefined contacts (see Figure). The fabrication of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) using this method are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dlong@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 17 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 9-10 BP 814 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200306388 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 824SI UT WOS:000221706300011 ER PT J AU Alexeev, I Ting, A Gordon, DF Briscoe, E Penano, JR Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P AF Alexeev, I Ting, A Gordon, DF Briscoe, E Penano, JR Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P TI Longitudinal compression of short laser pulses in air SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; DISCHARGES; FILAMENTS AB We have performed laboratory experiments to study long distance propagation of large bandwidth ultrashort laser pulses in air. Initial pulse length, frequency chirping, and laser pulse energy were varied where the maximum propagation distance was up to 105 m. We have demonstrated the compression of initially negatively chirped low intensity laser pulses due to the linear group velocity dispersion of air. The characteristics of the compressed pulse such as pulse duration and spectral chirping were found to be significantly affected by the laser pulse intensity, with higher intensities corresponding to longer minimum compressed pulse duration. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Alexeev, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ilya@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 20 BP 4080 EP 4082 DI 10.1063/1.1753051 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 818UK UT WOS:000221269800042 ER PT J AU Newswanger, DL Warren, CR AF Newswanger, DL Warren, CR TI Guillain-Barre syndrome SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL VENTILATION; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PLASMA-EXCHANGE; PAIN AB Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a group of autoimmune syndromes consisting of demyelinating and acute axonal degenerating forms of the disease. Nerve conduction study helps differentiate the heterogeneous subtypes of GBS. Patients exhibit a progressive paralysis that reaches a plateau phase. In most patients, resolution is complete or near complete. Mortality from GBS most often is associated with dysautonomia and mechanical ventilation. GBS usually is associated with an antecedent infection by one of several known pathogens. Cross-reactivity between the pathogen and the nerve tissue sets up the autoimmune response. Treatment consists of supportive care, ventilatory management (in about one third of patients), and specific therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis. Consultation with a neurologist is suggested. C1 USNR, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN Hosp Jacksonville, USNR, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Newswanger, DL (reprint author), USNR, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Bldg 7,Room 1108,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM DLNewswanger@Bethesda.med.navy.mil NR 34 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 BP 2405 EP 2410 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 823OT UT WOS:000221623300010 PM 15168961 ER PT J AU Nicolls, MJ Kelley, MC Coster, AJ Gonzalez, SA Makela, JJ AF Nicolls, MJ Kelley, MC Coster, AJ Gonzalez, SA Makela, JJ TI Imaging the structure of a large-scale TID using ISR and TEC data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; MAGNETIC STORM; GPS NETWORK; PERTURBATIONS AB Here we present North American observations of the 3-dimensional structure of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) that affected the low- and mid-latitude ionosphere during the stormtime period of October 1-2, 2002. Using TEC data from the American network of dual-frequency GPS receivers, we are able to examine the effect of the TIDs on the background TEC and thus image their horizontal scales. Incoherent scatter radar data from the Arecibo Observatory give information on the vertical structure of the disturbances. The meridional and zonal structure of the TIDs are explored by computing the TEC perturbation, a method which has a resolution of a fraction of a TEC unit. The technique is effective in mapping the global structure of large-scale disturbances, as the lower latitude perturbations can be examined at the same time as the higher latitude sources. The method may prove valuable in studying the formation and propagation of TIDs. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nicolls, MJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 351 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM mjn25@cornell.edu; mikek@ece.cornell.edu; acoster@haystack.mit.edu; sixto@naic.edu; jmakela@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil RI Gonzalez, Sixto/G-1982-2011; Nicolls, Michael/N-8680-2013 OI Gonzalez, Sixto/0000-0001-5544-1426; Nicolls, Michael/0000-0001-8267-6327 NR 17 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 AR L09812 DI 10.1029/2004GL019797 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 821PH UT WOS:000221473700004 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL Dasgupta, A Bartschat, K Pechacek, RE AF Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL Dasgupta, A Bartschat, K Pechacek, RE TI Kinetic pathways to visible emission from a moly-oxide-argon discharge bulb SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; PRESSURE DISCHARGE; GLOW-DISCHARGE; ATOMIC OXYGEN; FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH; ENERGY DEPOSITION; LAMPS; O-2; PLASMAS AB A low-pressure mercury-free moly-oxide-argon (MoO3-Ar) electrodeless discharge is investigated with potential application to lighting. The inductive discharge is driven by a 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) generator at input powers between 100 and 200 W. Calibrated emission spectra in the near ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near infrared regions are recorded and the corresponding powers emitted as radiation are obtained. An extensive set of transition probabilities and rate coefficients for electron impact excitation between Mo states is assembled and a detailed collisional radiative model of the plasma is developed. The model includes 11 states of neutral Mo, the evaporative and recycling chemistry of MoO3 into Mo and back, and the relevant species and reactions in argon-oxygen plasma. The possible paths for visible and UV radiation are analyzed in detail. The measured light output at 200 W RF input power is similar to40 lumens per watt (lpw) with a potential to reach similar to60-80 lpw. Comparison of the model with data for various radiated powers and electron density shows reasonable agreement. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 10 BP 5284 EP 5294 DI 10.1063/1.1704867 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 818UF UT WOS:000221269300004 ER PT J AU Morgan, DS Kaper, TJ AF Morgan, DS Kaper, TJ TI Axisymmetric ring solutions of the 2D Gray-Scott model and their destabilization into spots SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE 2D Gray-Scott model; nonlocal eigenvalue problem; turing analysis; annular rings; spots ID REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEM; MODULATED 2-PULSE SOLUTIONS; STATIC SPIKE AUTOSOLITONS; SELF-REPLICATING SPOTS; STIRRED TANK REACTOR; AUTOCATALYTIC REACTIONS; PATTERN-FORMATION; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; EQUATIONS AB This article concerns annular ring solutions of the Gray-Scott model. In the monostable regime, annular rings are far-from-equilibrium patterns supported on annuli inside of which the activator is concentrated. The diffusive flux of inhibitor over long length scales toward such an annulus feeds the production of activator there, and the interaction is semi-strong. Numerical and experimental observations show that annular rings often split into spots, and the main result presented in this article is a method to predict the number of spots that an annular ring, unstable to angular disturbances, will split into. This method is an extension to 2D circular geometries of the nonlocal eigenvalue problem (NLEP) method developed for pulse solutions of the I D Gray-Scott problem, in which the full eigenvalue problem-a pair of second-order, nonautonomous coupled equations-is recast as a single, second-order equation with a nonlocal term. We also continue the results for the monostable regime into the bistable regime of the Gray-Scott model, where target patterns exist and their rings are observed to destabilize into rings of spots, as may be shown using a classical Turing/Ginzburg-Landau analysis. Thus, for these 2D circular geometries, the NLEP method is to the instability of annular rings in the monostable regime what the Turing analysis is to the instability of target pattems in the bistable regime near criticality. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr BioDynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nonlinear Dynam Syst Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaper, TJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM tasso@math.bu.edu NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 192 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2003.12.012 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 817YB UT WOS:000221211700003 ER PT J AU Milkov, AV Vogt, PR Crane, K Lein, AY Sassen, R Cherkashev, GA AF Milkov, AV Vogt, PR Crane, K Lein, AY Sassen, R Cherkashev, GA TI Geological, geochemical, and microbial processes at the hydrate-bearing Hakon Mosby mud volcano: a review SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mud volcano; methane; gas flux; carbon cycle; anaerobic methane oxidation; gas hydrate ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION; NORWEGIAN-GREENLAND SEA; TROUGH MOUTH FAN; GAS-HYDRATE; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; AUTHIGENIC CARBONATES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ARCHAEA AB Submarine mud volcanoes are point sources of fluid expulsion and oases of active geological, geochemical, and microbial processes in the deep ocean. The results of multidisciplinary investigations at the H (a) over circle kon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV) in the Norwegian Sea at similar to 1250 m water depth are reviewed in this paper. Seafloor morphology, lithotypes, geochemical, and biological processes at the HMMV are concentrically zoned. The zonation is controlled by ejection of sediment, water, and gases (mainly methane) accompanied by high heat flow in the mud volcano crater. A structural gas hydrate accumulation is associated with the HMMV. Gas hydrate is abundant only in a relatively narrow zone where optimal conditions (low temperature and high gas concentration) exist for gas hydrate crystallization. Authigenic minerals, bacterial mats, and chemosynthetic communities typical of cold seep environments are present. Rapid anaerobic sulfate-dependant oxidation of methane is thought to be mediated by a consortium of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Although methane is oxidized in sediments at high rates, a significant portion of this gas may escape into the ocean, mainly as diffuse flux. In the water column, methane is rapidly dissolved and oxidized. This observation supports the hypothesis that gas flux from deep-water mud volcanoes contributes to the oceanic carbon pool, but not to the atmosphere. The HMMV represents an important natural laboratory and provides insight to processes at the interface of methane-rich sediments and cold bottom water in the deep ocean. Future studies may best focus on accurate direct measurements of gas flux and quantification of the biogeochemical cycling of major chemical elements in shallow sediment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia. Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX USA. VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP BP Amer, Explorat & Prod Technol Grp, Room 15-122,501 Westlake Pk Blvd, Houston, TX 77079 USA. EM alexei.milkov@bp.com RI Cherkashov, Georgy/N-6949-2013 OI Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 79 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 14 PY 2004 VL 205 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.030 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 820JF UT WOS:000221384300009 ER PT J AU Bower, RJ Michael, TS AF Bower, RJ Michael, TS TI When can you tile a box with translates of two given rectangular bricks? SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article ID POLYNOMIALS AB When can a d-dimensional rectangular box R be tiled by translates of two given d-dimensional rectangular bricks B-1 and B-2? We prove that R can be tiled by translates of B-1 and B-2 if and only if R can be partitioned by a hyperplane into two sub-boxes R-1 and R-2 such that R-i can be tiled by translates of the brick B-i alone (i = 1, 2). Thus an obvious sufficient condition for a tiling is also a necessary condition. ( However, there may be tilings that do not give rise to a bipartition of R.) There is an equivalent formulation in terms of the ( not necessarily integer) edge lengths of R, B-1, and B-2. Let R be of size z(1) x z(2) x ... x z(d), and let B-1 and B-2 be of respective sizes v(1) x v(2) x ... x v(d) and w(1) x w(2) x ... x w(d). Then there is a tiling of the box R with translates of the bricks B-1 and B-2 if and only if (a) z(i)/ v(i) is an integer for i = 1, 2,..., d; or (b) z(i)/w(i) is an integer for i = 1, 2,..., d; or (c) there is an index k such that z(i)/v(i) and z(i)/w(i) are integers for all i not equal k, and z(k) = alphav(k) + betaw(k) for some nonnegative integers alpha and beta. Our theorem extends some well known results (due to de Bruijn and Klarner) on tilings of rectangles by rectangles with integer edge lengths. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM tsm@usna.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS PI NEWARK PA C/O FELIX LAZEBNIK, RM 507, EWING HALL, UNIV DELAWARE, DEPT MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, NEWARK, DE 19716 USA SN 1077-8926 J9 ELECTRON J COMB JI Electron. J. Comb. PD MAY 14 PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 AR N7 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 823VM UT WOS:000221641500001 ER PT J AU Evdokimov, E Chao, CC Ching, WM Yang, DCH AF Evdokimov, E Chao, CC Ching, WM Yang, DCH TI Identification of new SUMO substrates using a proteomics approach SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology/8th Congress of the International-Union-for-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology CY JUN 12-16, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc BioChem & Mol Biol, Int Union Biochem & Mol Biol C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 14 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 SU S BP C248 EP C248 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 823UP UT WOS:000221639101149 ER PT J AU Fraser, C Ravel, J Rasko, D Peterson, S Read, T Shumway, M Salzberg, S AF Fraser, C Ravel, J Rasko, D Peterson, S Read, T Shumway, M Salzberg, S TI Comparative genomics of the Bacillus anthracis family: insights into physiology and evolution of a pathogenic species SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology/8th Congress of the International-Union-for-Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biology CY JUN 12-16, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc BioChem & Mol Biol, Int Union Biochem & Mol Biol C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; Read, Timothy/E-6240-2011; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011 OI Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 14 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 8 SU S BP C225 EP C226 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 823UP UT WOS:000221639101042 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Basu, S Basu, S AF Keskinen, MJ Basu, S Basu, S TI Midlatitude sub-auroral ionospheric small scale structure during a magnetic storm SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION DRIFTS; SCINTILLATIONS; THERMOSPHERE; SIGNATURES; CONVECTION AB We develop a model for small scale structure in the midlatitude sub-auroral polarization stream (SAPS)-driven density trough ionosphere during a magnetic storm. We include the effects of ring current precipitation, parallel currents, rapid subauroral ion drifts, storm-induced neutral winds, ion temperature and density gradients. We find that ionospheric density, electric field, ion and electron temperature irregularities can be driven in the stormtime SAPS-driven density trough ( 1) wall region from the ion temperature gradient convective instability, which is driven by density and ion temperature gradients, in concert with the gradient-drift instability and ( 2) central region from an ion frictional heating instability which is driven by strong ion convection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; basu@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; sbasu@bu.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 AR L09811 DI 10.1029/2003GL019368 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 821PG UT WOS:000221473600002 ER PT J AU Xu, JP Noble, MA Rosenfeld, LK AF Xu, JP Noble, MA Rosenfeld, LK TI In-situ measurements of velocity structure within turbidity currents SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY-CANYON; SUBMARINE CANYONS AB Turbidity currents are thought to be the main mechanism to move similar to500,000 m(3) of sediments annually from the head of the Monterey Submarine Canyon to the deep-sea fan. Indirect evidence has shown frequent occurrences of such turbidity currents in the canyon, but the dynamic properties of the turbidity currents such as maximum speed, duration, and dimensions are still unknown. Here we present the first-ever in-situ measurements of velocity profiles of four turbidity currents whose maximum along-canyon velocity reached 190 cm/s. Two turbidity currents coincided with storms that produced the highest swells and the biggest stream flows during the year-long deployment. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jpx@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 AR L09311 DI 10.1029/2004GL019718 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 821PB UT WOS:000221473000005 ER PT J AU Friedli, AC Roberts, RD Dulcey, CS Hsu, AR McElvany, SW Calvert, JM AF Friedli, AC Roberts, RD Dulcey, CS Hsu, AR McElvany, SW Calvert, JM TI Photochemistry and patterning of monolayer films from 11-phenylundecyltrichlorosilane SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; LITHOGRAPHY; METALLIZATION; FABRICATION; REACTIVITY; LIGANDS; SILICON C1 Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Chem, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedli, AC (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Chem, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. EM afriedli@mtsu.edu NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 11 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 10 BP 4295 EP 4298 DI 10.1021/la030353m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 819MQ UT WOS:000221319400070 PM 15969431 ER PT J AU Tegmark, M Blanton, MR Strauss, MA Hoyle, F Schlegel, D Scoccimarro, R Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I Berlind, A Budavari, TS Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hamilton, AJS Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Lin, H Nakajima, R Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Pope, A Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Verde, L Xu, YZ Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Csabai, I Loveday, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Gott, JR Hennessy, G Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA O'Connell, L Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B York, DG AF Tegmark, M Blanton, MR Strauss, MA Hoyle, F Schlegel, D Scoccimarro, R Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I Berlind, A Budavari, TS Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hamilton, AJS Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Lin, H Nakajima, R Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Pope, A Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Verde, L Xu, YZ Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Csabai, I Loveday, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Gott, JR Hennessy, G Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA O'Connell, L Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B York, DG TI The three-dimensional power spectrum of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis ID MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; REDSHIFT SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; WMAP OBSERVATIONS; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; RICH CLUSTERS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; MASS FLUCTUATIONS AB We measure the large-scale real-space power spectrum Pd(k) by using a sample of 205,443 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, covering 2417 effective square degrees with mean redshift z approximate to 0.1. We employ a matrix-based method using pseudo-Karhunen-Loeve eigenmodes, producing uncorrelated minimum-variance measurements in 22 k-bands of both the clustering power and its anisotropy due to redshift-space distortions, with narrow and well-behaved window functions in the range 0.02 h Mpc(-1) < k < 0.3 h Mpc(-1). We pay particular attention to modeling, quantifying, and correcting for potential systematic errors, nonlinear redshift distortions, and the artificial red-tilt caused by luminosity-dependent bias. Our results are robust to omitting angular and radial density fluctuations and are consistent between different parts of the sky. Our final result is a measurement of the real-space matter power spectrum Pd(k) up to an unknown overall multiplicative bias factor. Our calculations suggest that this bias factor is independent of scale to better than a few percent for k < 0.1 h Mpc(-1), thereby making our results useful for precision measurements of cosmological parameters in conjunction with data from other experiments such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe satellite. The power spectrum is not well-characterized by a single power law but unambiguously shows curvature. As a simple characterization of the data, our measurements are well fitted by a flat scale-invariant adiabatic cosmological model with h Omega(m) = 0.213 +/- 0.023 and sigma(8) = 0.89 +/- 0.02 for L-* galaxies, when fixing the baryon fraction Omega(b).Omega(m) = 0.17 and the Hubble parameter h = 0.72; cosmological interpretation is given in a companion paper. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM andrew.hamilton@colorado.edu RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Verde, Licia/0000-0003-2601-8770; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 136 TC 1109 Z9 1121 U1 4 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2004 VL 606 IS 2 BP 702 EP 740 DI 10.1086/382125 PN 1 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 818RJ UT WOS:000221261900007 ER PT J AU Liebert, J Bergeron, P Eisenstein, D Harris, HC Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Krzesinski, J AF Liebert, J Bergeron, P Eisenstein, D Harris, HC Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Krzesinski, J TI A helium white dwarf of extremely low mass SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; white dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS; STARS; J1012+5307 AB We analyze the spectrum of an unusually low mass white dwarf, SDSS J123410.37 - 022802.9 (0335- 26452000), found in our recent, white dwarf catalog from the first data release (DR1) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS). Two independent, model atmosphere fits result in an accurate determination of atmospheric and stellar parameters. The more hands-on analysis yields T-eff = 17,470 +/- 750 K and log g = 6.38 +/- 0.05. We argue that the object cannot be a main-sequence A star, a horizontal-branch star, or a subdwarf B star. Instead, it is interpreted as a very low mass white dwarf with a core composed of helium, with mass similar to 0.18 - 0.19 M-., similar to that published previously for the unusual companion to the millisecond pulsar J1012 + 5307. The star probably remains in a binary, perhaps even with an undiscovered or dead pulsar companion. However, the companion might be a more ordinary star, provided Roche lobe mass transfer began shortly after the now-visible component left the main sequence. A second SDSS low-mass white dwarf candidate is also analyzed, but the spectrum for this fainter object is of poorer quality. The sample appears to include additional, similar candidates, worthy of more accurate observation. Correct identification of any additional white dwarfs of extremely low mass requires careful observation and interpretation. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. RP Liebert, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 16 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2004 VL 606 IS 2 BP L147 EP L149 DI 10.1086/421462 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 818RL UT WOS:000221262100015 ER EF