FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gray, JE Addison, SR AF Gray, JE Addison, SR TI Effect of nonuniform target motion on radar backscattered waveforms SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID LINEARLY VIBRATING OBJECTS; MOVING BOUNDARY; REFLECTION; SCATTERING AB The effect of nonuniform motion on radar waveforms is discussed. By considering the physical model of a perfectly reflecting mirror with an arbitrary law of motion r(t), it is possible to determine the functional form of the scattered wave at the receiver for any waveform in general. The particular example of an interrupted continuous wave waveform is used to analyse the effect of nonuniform motion on the return spectrum. These models provide a theoretical foundation for the observations of micro-Doppler that have been discussed by a number of authors. Finally, some of the implications, both physical and mathematical, of nonuniform motion for time-frequency methods are addressed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Div Dahlgren, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Conway, AR 72034 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Div Dahlgren, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Addison, Stephen/C-6068-2013 OI Addison, Stephen/0000-0003-1196-6030 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030637 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 744KT UT WOS:000186629700010 ER PT J AU Chen, VC Li, F Ho, SS Wechsler, H AF Chen, VC Li, F Ho, SS Wechsler, H TI Analysis of micro-Doppler signatures SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID TARGETS AB Mechanical vibration or rotation of a target or structures on the target may induce additional frequency modulations on the returned radar signal which generate sidebands about the target's Doppler frequency, called the micro-Doppler effect. Micro-Doppler signatures enable some properties of the target to be determined. In the paper, the micro-Doppler effect in radar is introduced and the mathematics of micro-Doppler signatures is developed. Computer simulations are conducted and micro-Doppler features in the joint time-frequency domain are exploited. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Code 5311,Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ho, Shen-Shyang/B-7034-2012 OI Ho, Shen-Shyang/0000-0002-0353-7159 NR 10 TC 123 Z9 204 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030743 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 744KT UT WOS:000186629700011 ER PT J AU Wang, G Xia, XG Root, BT Chen, VC Zhang, Y Amin, M AF Wang, G Xia, XG Root, BT Chen, VC Zhang, Y Amin, M TI Manoeuvring target detection in over-the-horizon radar using adaptive clutter rejection and adaptive chirplet transform SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; FREQUENCY; TIME AB In over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) systems, the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) used for moving target detection is very low. For slowly moving targets such as ships, the SCR is typically from - 50 dB to - 60 dB; and their Doppler frequencies are close to that of the clutter. For manoeuvring targets, such as aircraft and missiles, the Doppler frequencies are time-varying when a long integration time is considered. When a target does not move uniformly, the Fourier transform based target detection techniques, including super-resolution spectrum techniques, may fail to work appropriately. In such situations, the Doppler signatures are time-varying and, therefore, time-frequency analysis techniques can be used for manoeuvring target detection. In addition, clutter rejection is also required for target detection due to the low SCR. The existing adaptive clutter rejection algorithms combine clutter rejection with spectrum analysis methods, which usually assume uniformly moving target (i.e. sinusoidal Doppler signature) models. An adaptive clutter reject algorithm is proposed together with the adaptive chirplet transform technique for manoeuvring target detection in a multipath environment. Simulation results using a simulated manoeuvring target signal with received raw OTHR clutter data show that targets with SCR below - 50 dB can be detected by using the proposed algorithm. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Villanova Univ, Ctr Adv Commun, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 150 IS 4 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030700 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 744KT UT WOS:000186629700014 ER PT J AU Jung, CC Saaski, EW McCrae, DA Lingerfelt, BM Anderson, GP AF Jung, CC Saaski, EW McCrae, DA Lingerfelt, BM Anderson, GP TI RAPTOR: A fluoroimmunoassay-based fiber optic sensor for detection of biological threats SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BIOSENSOR AB The RAPTOR was developed, to meet the need for a small, portable, easily operated biosensor for the detection of biological threats in the field. This device has evolved over a number of years to reach its current level of maturity. This paper describes details of the RAPTOR's design, including the recent upgrades to the fluidics and optics subsystems, as well as design improvements that have increased both system reliability and sensitivity. Working with these system upgrades, we also investigated biochemical methods that further improve assay sensitivity. The use of NeutrAvidin/biotin chemistry to improve immobilization of the capture antibody, coupled with use of the fluorophore Alexa Fluor 647 to label the tracer antibody, has resulted in a two- to four-fold signal enhancement. These gains, in combination with redesigned optics and instrumentation, have resulted in approximately a log-order improvement over earlier systems. These improvements. are shown for an assortment of analytes of interest, including Staphylococcal enterotoxin type-B, Francisella tularensis, Bacillus anthracis, and Bacillus globigii spores. C1 Res Int, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jung, CC (reprint author), Res Int, Monroe, WA 98272 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 13 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2003.815775 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 755WZ UT WOS:000187435600002 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC AF Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC TI Radar imaging of moving targets in foliage using multifrequency multiaperture polarimetric SAR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE foliage; moving targets; multifrequency; radar imaging; polarimetric; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; TIME-FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; VALUED WAVE-FORMS; PENETRATION EXPERIMENT; MULTIPLE FREQUENCIES; RANGE-DOPPLER; IMAGERY; SYSTEM; VSAR AB Because of the low signal-to-clutter ratio, it is a difficult problem to detect and image moving targets in foliage. In this paper, a multifrequency multiaperture polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (MFMA POLSAR) system is proposed for imaging of moving targets in foliage. The MFMA POLSAR extends the multifrequency antenna array SAR (MF-SAR) system to multiple polarizations. Full polarization is used in MFMA POLSAR to achieve an optimal polarization adaptive to the environment such that the images obtained by different apertures are of the best coherence that is used to obtain the highest accuracy of the phase estimation. It is also shown that the MFMA POLSAR cannot only accurately locate both the slow and the fast moving targets but also reveal moving targets in foliage. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, GY (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM gwang@ee.udel.edu; xxia@ee.udel.edu; vchen@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 35 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1755 EP 1764 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.813501 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 713MJ UT WOS:000184861700002 ER PT J AU Qiu, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B AF Qiu, JX Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B TI Traveling-wave tube amplifier performance evaluation and design optimization for applications in digital communications with multilevel modulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE communication systems; microwave circuit optimization; microwave power amplifiers (PAs); nonlinear distortion; satellite communication; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) ID NONLINEAR TRANSMIT AMPLIFIERS; TWT AB In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a power margin as a figure-of-merit for evaluating the performance and optimizing the design of traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) used in digital communication applications with multilevel modulations. The power margin is a system-level measure that balances both device efficiency and nonlinear distortion and provides a more direct prediction of the system-level performance of power amplifiers than device-level measures such as device efficiency or error-vector-magnitude. We calculate the power margin for M quadrature amplitude modulation for an existing TWTA to demonstrate the setting of an optimal amplifier operating drive level according to the criterion of the maximum power margin. The power margin can also be used to compare the performance of different traveling-wave tube (TWT) configurations. We compare the calculated power-margin performance for helix TWT circuits optimized with different optimization goal functions using the helix TWT design code CHRISTINE. The goal functions used in the optimization of the TWT circuits include AM/PM optimization, complex gain optimization, efficiency optimization, and a new digital goal function optimization. The digital goal function is shown to provide an enhanced power margin compared to the other three goal functions and demonstrates the potential of TWT device design optimization from a system perspective. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Qiu, JX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1911 EP 1919 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2003.815266 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 705BG UT WOS:000184375900003 ER PT J AU Wulf, EA Phlips, BE Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI AF Wulf, EA Phlips, BE Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Novikova, EI TI Germanium strip detector compton telescope using three-dimensional readout SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS)/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (SNPS) CY NOV 10-16, 2002 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA DE Compton telescope; semiconductor detector; simulation ID IMAGING TELESCOPE; GAMMA-RAYS; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; CAMERA; DESIGN AB Compton telescopes using two germanium strip detectors with depth resolution have been demonstrated at the Naval Research Laboratory. Depth resolution allows interactions to be located to less than 1 mm, down froth the detector thickness (approximate to 1 cm) with no depth resolution. Depth resolution is shown to improve the imaging resolution of the telescope substantially. Compton images and reconstructed energy spectra are examined using events that interact two or three times with and without full energy losses. These results are compared with simulations of the instrument. C1 USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1182 EP 1189 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.815133 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 712GE UT WOS:000184789000075 ER PT J AU Giuliani, JL Petrov, GM Pechacek, RE Meger, RA AF Giuliani, JL Petrov, GM Pechacek, RE Meger, RA TI Plasma study of a moly-oxide-argon discharge bulb SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE excitation dynamics; kinetic models; low pressure discharge; metal-oxide plasmas; plasma lighting ID CROSS-SECTIONS; GLOW-DISCHARGE; ATOMIC OXYGEN; MICROWAVE INTERFEROMETER; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RF DISCHARGES; PRESSURE; DENSITY; EXCITATION; IONIZATION AB A mercury-free molybdenum-oxide-argon (Mo-O-Ar) electrodeless discharge is described with potential application to plasma lighting. The low-pressure metallic plasma is a nonequilibrium discharge capable of producing visible light directly, with an efficacy of similar to40 lm/W. The Boltzmann equation is solved with a limited set of chemical kinetics to provide a zero-dimensional model of the discharge. Model results indicate a transition in the power transfer from Ar to Mo as the partial pressure of Mo is increased. This feature is qualitatively similar to an intense transition from weak to strong visible emission observed in the Mo-O-Ar discharge with increasing power. The Mo partial pressure at the transition is estimated from an actinometry approach including a collisional radiative model of the plasma. The calculated electron density is also compared with interferometric data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 31 IS 4 BP 564 EP 571 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.815489 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 713AW UT WOS:000184833400013 ER PT J AU Eom, J Johnson, M AF Eom, J Johnson, M TI Stray-field-driven switchable superconducting devices SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE magnetoelectronic device; stray field; ferromagnetic film; superconducting film AB In a simple bilayer device consisting of a superconducting Pb-Au-In alloy and a thin ferromagnetic film, a locally strong stray field from the ferromagnetic film gives rise to a localized normal state in the underlying superconducting microbridge. Extension of the local normal state depends on the stray field on top of the superconducting microbridge, which depends on the magnetization direction of the ferromagnetic film. By use of write-wire current pulses, we manipulated the magnetization direction, and consequently demonstrated toggling between high and low voltage states for a current-biased device. Using magnetic force microscopy, we have also characterized the domain configurations of a ferromagnetic film in the high and low voltage states. C1 Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eom, J (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA TOYOKAIJI BLDG NO. 12, 6-9-6 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 42 IS 8 BP 5030 EP 5034 DI 10.1143/JJAP.42.5030 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723FY UT WOS:000185422900025 ER PT J AU Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Canedy, CL Bewley, WW Kim, CS Kim, M Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Dependence of type II "W" mid-infrared photoluminescence and lasing properties on growth conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE; LASERS; SUPERLATTICES; PARAMETERS; GASB AB We have studied how the photoluminescence (PL) and lasing characteristics of mid-IR type II "W" [InAs/Ga1-xInxSb/InAs/AlAsySb1-y] structures depend on the molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions. The growth temperature that yields the highest PL intensities and narrowest PL lines is found to be in the approximate to480-510degreesC range, which is considerably higher than the temperatures used in previous type II antimonide laser growths. Also contrary to earlier reports is our observation that using migration-enhanced epitaxy to force an InSb-like interface bond type is detrimental to the laser performance. The PL intensity at 78 K is found to correlate closely with the PL intensities and linewidths at all temperatures, as well as the lasing linewidths, thresholds, and efficiencies. Even though the tested laser structures were grown at a nonoptimal lower substrate temperature of 425degreesC, they nonetheless yielded much better morphology, better-resolved x-ray features, stronger PL intensities, narrower PL linewidths, lower lasing thresholds (<200 W/cm(2) at 78 K), lower internal losses (<5 cm(-1) at 78 K), and longer Shockley-Read lifetimes (>20 ns at 78 K) than any previous antimonide lasers grown on the present Riber 32P molecular beam epitaxy system. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 3 BP 1347 EP 1355 DI 10.1063/1.1586974 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 705ND UT WOS:000184400400010 ER PT J AU Sternovsky, Z Robertson, S Lampe, M AF Sternovsky, Z Robertson, S Lampe, M TI Ion collection by cylindrical probes in weakly collisional plasmas: Theory and experiment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL ELECTROSTATIC PROBES; CHARGE-EXCHANGE IONS; DUST GRAIN; DISCHARGE; OBJECT; GAS AB A theoretical approach has recently been described [Z. Sternovsky, S. Robertson, and M. Lampe, Phys. Plasmas 10, 300 (2003)] for including the effect of ion collisions in the orbit motion limited theory for cylindrical Langmuir probes. In plasmas with a single ion species, ion-neutral charge exchange collisions are dominant and their first order effect is to increase the magnitude of the collected ion current. Measurements in Ar and Ne gas discharges at plasma densities <10(9) cm(-3) show that the theory is accurate only for probes with radii less than approximately half the Debye length. For larger probes, absorption of ions at the probe surface reduces the ion density locally causing the sheath to expand. This increases the volume from which the charge exchange ions are collected and further increases the ion current. Poor agreement between measurements and theory is also found, when the probe is placed close to the ionization source. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sternovsky, Z (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI STERNOVSKY, ZOLTAN/0000-0002-9658-1350 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 3 BP 1374 EP 1381 DI 10.1063/1.1587889 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 705ND UT WOS:000184400400014 ER PT J AU Price, RR Schnur, JM AF Price, RR Schnur, JM TI Analytical method for the release of isothiazolones from microtubules in artificial seawater SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB with restrictions on the use of metallic biocides in aquatic antifouling coatings, it is important to develop new methods to both contain and deliver these alternative compounds from marine coatings systems. Utilization of microencapsulation is one approach to the delivery of biocides that has not been utilized in the mainstream of antifouling paint formulations. when formulating next generation paints that utilize hydrophobic nonmetallic biocides, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the release kinetics of the compounds from model polymeric coatings in order to better develop methods for providing long-term efficacy. The biocide 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-iso-thiazolin-3-one is a nonmetallic and nonenvironmentally persistent biocide that has been registered in several countries for use as an antifouling agent and has gained approval by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The release characteristics of this biocide from copper microtubules as well as polymeric films were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Price, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION SOC COATING TECH PI BLUE BELL PA 492 NORRISTOWN ROAD, BLUE BELL, PA 19422 USA SN 0361-8773 J9 J COATING TECHNOL JI J. Coat. Technol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 75 IS 943 BP 53 EP + DI 10.1007/BF02730100 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 711VD UT WOS:000184761000011 ER PT J AU Karbhari, VM Chin, JW Hunston, D Benmokrane, B Juska, T Morgan, R Lesko, JJ Sorathia, U Reynaud, D AF Karbhari, VM Chin, JW Hunston, D Benmokrane, B Juska, T Morgan, R Lesko, JJ Sorathia, U Reynaud, D TI Durability gap analysis for fiber-reinforced polymer composites in civil infrastructure SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE durability; fiber reinforced polymers; reinforcement retrofitting; decks; panels; composite materials ID CONCRETE PORE SOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; BOND DURABILITY; GLASS; WATER; DEGRADATION; PERFORMANCE; POLYESTERS; CRITERIA; FATIGUE AB The lack of a comprehensive, validated, and easily accessible data base for the durability of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites as related to civil infrastructure applications has been identified as a critical barrier to widespread acceptance of these materials by structural designers and civil engineers. This concern is emphasized since the structures of interest are primarily load bearing and are expected to remain in service over extended periods of time without significant inspection or maintenance. This paper presents a synopsis of a gap analysis study undertaken under the aegis of the Civil Engineering Research Foundation and the Federal Highway Administration to identify and prioritize critical gaps in durability data. The study focuses on the use of FRP in internal reinforcement, external strengthening, seismic retrofit, bridge decks, structural profiles, and panels. Environments of interest are moisture/solution, alkalinity, creep/relaxation, fatigue, fire, thermal effects (including freeze-thaw), and ultraviolet exposure. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Civil Engn, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Newport News Shipyard, Newport News, VA 23603 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Civil Engn Res Fdn, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Karbhari, VM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 54 TC 149 Z9 150 U1 7 U2 73 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0268 J9 J COMPOS CONSTR JI J. Compos. Constr. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 7 IS 3 BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:3(238) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 702RY UT WOS:000184238300007 ER PT J AU Larson, P Mazin, II AF Larson, P Mazin, II TI Calculation of magnetic anisotropy energy in YCo5 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic anisotropy; electronic structure; magnetic moments ID GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; RCO5 INTERMETALLICS; BAND-STRUCTURE; SMCO5; CO; NEUTRON; METALS; COBALT AB Previous calculations of the magnetic anisotropy of YCo5 found values of about 0.6 meV/f.u. compared to the experimental value of 3.8 meV/f.u. These were all performed using LDA with and without including nonspherical corrections. We have applied GGA including non-spherical and relativistic P-1/2 corrections which results in the magnetic anisotropy energy to be 1.4 meV/f.u. This means a smaller than previously assumed portion of the magnetic anisotropy comes from orbital polarization and similar effects beyond density functional theory. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM larson@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 264 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00130-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 703TU UT WOS:000184297700002 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI The dynamics of ions in glasses: importance of ion-ion interactions SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Glasses in Geoscience, Environmental Sciences and Archeometry CY AUG 29-31, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID IONICALLY CONDUCTING GLASSES; ALKALI BORATE GLASSES; AC CONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE GLASSES; KOHLRAUSCH EXPONENT; ACTIVATION ENTHALPY; COUPLING MODEL; RELAXATION; MELTS; SPECTRA AB We present frequency dispersion of two oxide glasses with widely different ion concentrations to show that ion-ion interaction and correlation plays an important role in determining the dc conductivity and the low frequency cooperative part of the dispersion. The origin of the near constant loss, which always appears at higher frequencies/lower temperatures, is traced to few and infrequent independent jumps of the ions out of their cages without the effect of ion-ion correlation. The coupling model gives quantitative support to this interpretation of the entire dispersion. The largest effect of the mixed alkali effect in glasses occurs in the dilute foreign-alkali region, where one foreign alkali immobilizes a large number of host ions. Results show that this feature of the mixed alkali effect can only be explained if ion-ion interaction/correlation is included in the description of the ion dynamics. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 1-3 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(03)00284-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 709DF UT WOS:000184608900016 ER PT J AU Allen, RH Gross, MT AF Allen, RH Gross, MT TI Toe flexors strength and passive extension range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in individuals with plantar fasciitis SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; foot; mobility; muscle strength ID PAINFUL HEEL SYNDROME; LONGITUDINAL ARCH; NORMAL FOOT; RELIABILITY; WALKING; RUNNERS; REHABILITATION; BIOMECHANICS; PREVENTION; ORTHOTICS AB Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Objective: To determine if a difference exists in toe flexors strength and passive extension range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint between individuals with unilateral plantar fasciitis and control subjects. Background: Weakness of the dynamic longitudinal arch supporters and shortening of the plantar fascia have been suggested as etiologic factors for plantar fasciitis. Methods and Measures: Twenty subjects with unilateral plantar fasciitis participated in the study. Subjects had had symptoms for an average (+/-SD) of 19.9 +/- 33.2 months prior to participating in the study, Twenty control subjects matched for sex and age were also tested. Each subject was measured bilaterally for passive extension range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and peak resistance force observed during an isometric test of toe flexors strength. Results: Subjects with unilateral plantar fasciitis demonstrated weaker toe flexors (P<.05) than the control subjects. A significant main effect for feet also indicated that the toe flexors for the involved feet were significantly weaker than the uninvolved feet (P<.05) of subjects with unilateral plantar fasciitis. Passive extension range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was not significantly different between the involved and the uninvolved feet for subjects with plantar fasciitis. Conclusion: Results for our subjects indicate that the extensibility of soft tissues influencing extension of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was not related to the presence of plantar fasciitis. Additional research is needed to determine if toe flexors weakness is a cause or a result of plantar fasciitis and if strengthening regimes for the toe flexors are effective interventions for plantar fasciitis. C1 Univ N Carolina, Masters Program Human Movement Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ N Carolina, Program Human Movement Sci, Div Phys Therapy, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gross, MT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Masters Program Human Movement Sci, CB 7135, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 11 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 468 EP 478 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 714JE UT WOS:000184909400007 PM 12968860 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI Gunsmoke over the Atlantic: First naval actions of the Civil War. SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 702 EP 703 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 708YG UT WOS:000184597500041 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Charge-spin coupling at a ferromagnet-nonmagnet interface SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE spin injection; spintronics; spin relaxation; spin transport ID SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; INJECTION; ACCUMULATION; MULTILAYERS; TRANSPORT; POLARIZATION AB The topic of electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic to a nonmagnetic material is presently attracting great interest and attention. A thermodynamic study of "spin injection" across a ferromagnetic-nonmagnetic material interface is presented. Using an entropy production calculation, the linear dynamic equations for interfacial transport of charge, heat, and spin magnetic moment are derived. A general equation for the fractional polarization of injected current is developed by matching boundary conditions at the interface. Polarization efficiency is sensitive to the intrinsic interface resistance, and to the resisivities and spin diffusion lengths of both materials. The physics of nonequilibrium spin diffusion across the interface is discussed, and the limiting case where "resistance mismatch" is important is identified. Example systems of interest are spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal to a nonmagnetic metal and from a ferromagnetic metal to a semiconductor. Charge-spin coupling and spin diffusion in one dimension, compared with higher dimension, are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 679 EP 687 DI 10.1023/A:1025357721925 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 713UA UT WOS:000184875500010 ER PT J AU Lyanda-Geller, YB Aleiner, IL Altshuler, BL AF Lyanda-Geller, YB Aleiner, IL Altshuler, BL TI Charging effects on nuclear spin relaxation in quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE spin relaxation; nuclear magnetic resonance; quantum dots; Coulomb blockade; spin-orbit interaction ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; SEMICONDUCTORS; OSCILLATIONS; CONDUCTANCE; FIELD AB We study the mechanism of nuclear spin relaxation in quantum dots due to the electron exchange with 2D gas. We show that the nuclear spin relaxation rate T-1(-1) is dramatically affected by the Coulomb blockade (CB) and can be controlled by gate voltage. In the case of strong spin-orbit (SO) coupling the relaxation rate is maximal in the CB valleys whereas for the weak SO coupling the maximum of 1/T-1 is near the CB peaks. The physical mechanism of nuclear spin relaxation rate at strong SO coupling is identified as Debye-Mandelstam-Leontovich-Pollak-Geballe relaxational mechanism. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Lyanda-Geller, YB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 16 IS 4 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.1023/A:1025374125559 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 713UA UT WOS:000184875500018 ER PT J AU Roy, DNG Orris, GJ AF Roy, DNG Orris, GJ TI A Born scatterer in an acoustical waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-PASSAGE; OBJECT AB Scattering from a Born inhomogeneity in a homogeneous, acoustical waveguide is considered and results compared to the corresponding scattering in a homogeneous, unbounded medium. It is found that the Ewald sphere in the unbounded medium case is replaced by a Ewald "strip" in a waveguide, the strip consisting of many individual Ewald spheres embedded in a ball the radius of which is twice that of an individual sphere. The physics behind the Ewald strip is discussed along with the implications, of waveguide Born data. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roy, DNG (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 114 IS 2 BP 626 EP 633 DI 10.1121/1.1590974 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 709RE UT WOS:000184637500007 PM 12942946 ER PT J AU Rumerman, ML AF Rumerman, ML TI Estimation of broadband Dower levels radiated from turbulent boundary layer-driven ribbed plates having dissimilar sections SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LINE-FORCE EXCITATION; SOUND RADIATION; ACOUSTIC POWER; MEAN FLOW; PRESSURE EXCITATION; REINFORCED PANEL; DIFFRACTION; SUBJECT; NOISE AB Previous papers developed an approach for estimating the vibration-related broadband acoustic power radiated by a ribbed steel plate in water driven by turbulent boundary layer pressures. This was extended to apply to plates composed of identical ribbed sections joined at infinite impedance supports. In this paper the basic model is modified so that it can be applied to plates composed of dissimilar sections joined at clamped supports. The response is formulated directly in terms of power and the effects of the supports are accounted for by power scattering coefficients, which are calculated through a Wiener-Hopf analysis. Sample calculations are shown to agree with results of other formulations. Only frequencies below bending coincidence are considered. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rumerman, ML (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Code 7204,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 114 IS 2 BP 737 EP 744 DI 10.1121/1.1587736 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 709RE UT WOS:000184637500017 PM 12942956 ER PT J AU Chen, JM Chang, CP Li, T AF Chen, JM Chang, CP Li, T TI Annual cycle of the South China Sea surface temperature using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SYSTEM AB The mechanisms driving the annual cycle of the South China Sea surface temperature are examined using the 1979-1999 NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The cycle is not symmetric. The summer half-year from May to October is the warm phase with the sea surface temperature decreasing slowly. This slow decrease is due to the effect of oceanic processes that overcome the net surface heating. The winter half-year is the cold phase with a rapid decrease in sea surface temperature from October to January followed by a rapid rise from February to May. These rapid temperature changes are dominated by net surface heating with negligible effects from oceanic processes. The net surface heating is mainly a result of the offsetting between heating due to shortwave radiation and cooling due to latent heat flux and longwave radiation, whose magnitudes have an approximate ratio of 3:2:1. The rapid warming and cooling periods can both be accounted for by the opposite variations of shortwave radiation heating and wind speed-regulated evaporation cooling. C1 Cent Weather Bur, Ctr Res & Dev, Taipei, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Washington, DC USA. Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chen, JM (reprint author), Cent Weather Bur, Ctr Res & Dev, 64 Kung Yuan Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 81 IS 4 BP 879 EP 884 DI 10.2151/jmsj.81.879 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 732PF UT WOS:000185954200013 ER PT J AU Nee, SMF AF Nee, SMF TI Error analysis for Mueller matrix measurement SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID NULL ELLIPSOMETRY; DEPOLARIZATION; POLARIMETER; POLARIZATION; COMPONENTS; POLARIZERS; SCATTERING AB The linear errors of Mueller matrix measurements are formulated for misalignment, depolarization, and incorrect retardation of the polarimetric components. The measured errors of a Mueller matrix depend not only on the imperfections of the measuring system but also on the Mueller matrix itself. The error matrices for different polarimetric systems are derived and also evaluated for the straight-through case. The error matrix for a polarizer-sample-analyzer system is much simpler than those for more complicated systems. The general error matrix is applied to null ellipsometry, and the obtained errors in ellipsometric parameters 0 and A are identical to the errors specifically derived for null ellipsometry with depolarization. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Nee, SMF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1651 EP 1657 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.20.001651 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 706DB UT WOS:000184436100021 PM 12938923 ER PT J AU Gomez, D Gonzalez-Aranguena, E Manuel, C Owen, G del Pozo, M Tejada, J AF Gomez, D Gonzalez-Aranguena, E Manuel, C Owen, G del Pozo, M Tejada, J TI Centrality and power in social networks: a game theoretic approach SO MATHEMATICAL SOCIAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE social networks; game theory; centrality; shapley value ID INDEX; GRAPH AB A new family of centrality measures, based on game theoretical concepts, is proposed for social networks. To reflect the interests that motivate the interactions among individuals in a network, a cooperative game in characteristic function form is considered. From the graph and the game, the graph-restricted game is obtained. Shapley value in a game is considered as actor's power. The difference between actor's power in the new game and his/her power in the original one is proposed as a centrality measure. Conditions are given to reach some desirable properties. Finally, a decomposition is proposed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Matemat CC, Dept Estadist & IO 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Matemat CC, Dept Estadist & IO 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Tejada, J (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Matemat CC, Dept Estadist & IO 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Gomez, Daniel/G-1586-2010; Tejada, Juan /L-8765-2014; Manuel, Conrado/I-1958-2015; del Pozo, Monica/I-2183-2015; Gonzalez-Aranguena, Enrique/L-8359-2014 OI Gomez, Daniel/0000-0001-9548-5781; NR 19 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-4896 J9 MATH SOC SCI JI Math. Soc. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 27 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0165-4896(03)00028-3 PG 28 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 698VA UT WOS:000184019000004 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Bilateral asymmetry prediction SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB This study predicts asymmetries in lateral organ cancer incidence from text mining of the Medline database. Lung, kidney, teste, and ovary cancers were examined. For each cancer, Medline case report articles focused solely on (1) cancer of the right organ and (2) cancer of the left organ were retrieved. The ratio of right organ to left organ articles was compared to actual patient incidence data obtained from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) SEER database for the period 1979-1998. The agreement between the Medline record ratios and the NCI's patient incidence data ratios ranged from within 3% for lung cancer to within 1% for teste and ovary cancer. This is the first known study to generate cancer lateral incidence asymmetries from the Medline database. The technique should be applicable to other diseases and other types of system asymmetries. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD AUG PY 2003 VL 61 IS 2 BP 265 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00167-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 713YM UT WOS:000184885600023 PM 12888316 ER PT J AU Riddle, JR Brown, M Smith, T Ritchie, C Brix, KA Romano, J AF Riddle, JR Brown, M Smith, T Ritchie, C Brix, KA Romano, J TI Chemical warfare and the Gulf War: A review of the impact on Gulf veterans' health SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; SELF-REPORTED EXPOSURES; GAS MASK PHOBIA; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL-EVALUATION; CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOM ILLNESS; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; OPERATION DESERT-STORM; TOKYO SUBWAY; US VETERANS AB It is unlikely that Gulf War veterans are suffering chronic effects from illnesses caused by chemical warfare nerve agent exposure. Extensive investigation and review by several expert panels have determined that no evidence exists that chemical warfare nerve agents were used during the Gulf War. At no time before, during, or after the war was there confirmation of symptoms among anyone, military or civilian, caused by chemical warfare nerve agent exposure. However, studies of Gulf War veterans have found belief that chemical weapons were used, significantly associated with both severe and mild-moderate illnesses. The psychological impact of a chemical warfare attack, either actual or perceived, can result in immediate and long-term health consequences. The deployment or war-related health impact from life-threatening experiences of the Gulf War, including the perceived exposure to chemical warfare agents, should be considered as an important cause of morbidity among Gulf War veterans. C1 The Pentagon, Hlth Affairs, Off Assistant Secretary Def, Washington, DC USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Riddle, JR (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Skyline 6,Suite 682,5109 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 158 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 168 IS 8 BP 606 EP 613 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AN UT WOS:000186550400005 PM 12943034 ER PT J AU Rumbaugh, JR AF Rumbaugh, JR TI Department of Defense medical transformation: A case for the Defense health agency SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB What are the threats facing the military health system (MHS) in the first quarter of the 21st century? The Department of Defense has decided that the emerging threats of weapons of mass destruction, information and asymmetrical warfare, well-organized terrorist groups, and rogue nations are going to require a transformation in future force structure and operational concepts. Is the MHS continuing to train and equip itself for the battlefield casualties of the Korean and Vietnam conflicts, or is it truly prepared for the emerging threats of the 21st century? Reliance on gradual, incremental change will not be sufficient to combat new emerging threats to the United States. Transformation is a radical concept; it demands a wholesale review of how the MHS views and accomplishes the mission. It does not accept the comfort afforded by slow, gradual evolution in military doctrine and organizational structure that bureaucracy affords. The Department of Defense is transforming. The MHS also needs to embrace transformational restructuring; to train and equip for the war on the horizon, to keep pace with the warfighter, and to provide integration and interoperability with other federal, state, and local agencies in support of homeland defense. More than two dozen formal audits, boards, studies, and reviews have questioned the necessity, efficiency, and effectiveness of the three services medical departments; yet the MHS has undergone little transformational change since World War II. The transformational model that will best support the operational forces and the United States in the coming decades is the Defense Health Agency model. C1 USN, War Coll 03 03, Coll Naval Warfare, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Rumbaugh, JR (reprint author), USN, War Coll 03 03, Coll Naval Warfare, 686 Cushing Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 168 IS 8 BP 626 EP 630 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AN UT WOS:000186550400008 PM 12943037 ER PT J AU Clinton, TS Timko, AL AF Clinton, TS Timko, AL TI Cutaneous blastomycosis without evidence of pulmonary involvement SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DERMATITIDIS; WISCONSIN; MYCOSES; SOIL AB Blastomycosis is an infection that is often associated with recent military, occupational, or recreational activities near damp soil in various endemic regions, including the Great Lakes and major river valleys in the Midwest as well as various overseas regions. In the great majority of cases, the disease presents as a primary pulmonary disease with or without extrapulmonary involvement. We present a case of cutaneous blastomycosis with no evidence of pulmonary or other systemic involvement. With such presentations, the disease is presumed to have spread hematogenously with the asymptomatic or minimal primary pulmonary infection having resolved spontaneously. The patient's diagnosis was made with positive cultures and histologic examinations revealing features that are quite characteristic of blastomycosis. The patient responded to treatment with itraconazole for 6 months with no recurrence after 1 year. A high index of suspicion must be maintained when evaluating patients with progressive ulcerating or verrucous lesions that do not respond to traditional antibiotic therapy, especially with a history of recent activities in the endemic regions. C1 USN Hosp, USS TRANQUIL Branch, Med Clin, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Clinton, TS (reprint author), USN Hosp, USS TRANQUIL Branch, Med Clin, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 168 IS 8 BP 651 EP 653 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AN UT WOS:000186550400013 PM 12943042 ER PT J AU Long, JW Rhodes, CP Young, AL Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Rhodes, CP Young, AL Rolison, DR TI Ultrathin, protective coatings of poly(o-phenylenediamine) as electrochemical proton gates: Making mesoporous MnO2 nanoarchitectures stable in acid electrolytes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DERIVATIVE CYCLIC VOLTABSORPTOMETRY; MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE; RUTHENIUM OXIDE; SULFURIC-ACID; ELECTRODES; POLYMER; FILMS; OXIDATION; AEROGELS AB We have created hybrid organic-inorganic nanoarchitectures by electrodepositing ultrathin (<10-nm-thick) polymer coatings onto nanostructured MnO2 birnessite-type electrodes with surface areas in excess of 200 m(2) g(-1). By choosing a self-limited growth process, based on the electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine, the resulting polymer conformally coats the oxide nanoscale network without disrupting the continuous mesoporosity of the initial MnO2 nanoarchitecture. These polymer coatings serve as pinhole-free physical barriers to external, acidic electrolyte, specifically, H2O and hydrated protons, and protect the underlying MnO2 nanoarchitecture from dissolution. The underlying metal oxide remains electrochemically addressable via an electrochemical proton-gating mechanism in which charge-compensating unsolvated protons are transported through the polymer coating. The 3D-templated electrochemical fabrication of polymer at an electrified metal oxide nanoarchitecture provides a new model for the development of electrochemical capacitors based on hybrid configurations using low-cost metal oxides such as MnO2. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 3 IS 8 BP 1155 EP 1161 DI 10.1021/nl0343598 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 714BL UT WOS:000184892400033 ER PT J AU Chavko, M Auker, CR McCarron, RM AF Chavko, M Auker, CR McCarron, RM TI Relationship between protein nitration and oxidation and development of hyperoxic seizures SO NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rats; convulsions; hyperbaric oxygen; nitric oxide ID NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; PERIVASCULAR TYROSINE NITRATION; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN EXPOSURE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; RAT-BRAIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PEROXYNITRITE; TOXICITY; CONVULSIONS AB Recent studies have implicated nitric oxide (NO.) as a mediator of CNS hyperbaric O-2 (HBO2) toxicity. One mechanism by which NO' may contribute to HBO2-induced brain toxicity involves a neurotoxic, pro-oxidative action of NO. via the formation of the potent oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO-). The present study compares: (a) the formation of protein nitrotyrosine as a marker of ONOO- accumulation and (b) protein oxidation as an indicator of reactive oxygen species production during HBO2 exposure. Rats were exposed to 5 atm 100% O-2 to pre-convulsive exposure or until the occurrence of electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures. After exposures, brains were analyzed for protein nitrotyrosine (NT) and protein carbonyl measurement by Western blot and for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by NBT assay. The results show a significant increase in protein NT, exceeding control level by several fold. There was only a slow and non-significant increase in the quantity of oxidized proteins during the pre-convulsive phase of HBO2 exposure. Levels of both protein NT and protein carbonyls were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated after seizures. Total SOD activity was not changed during preconvulsive exposures, but was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated post-seizures. The specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), significantly reduced the increases in seizure-induced protein NT and protein carbonyl and at the same time very effectively (p < 0.05) delayed onset of HBO2 seizures. Pre-seizure increases in protein NT might indicate its role in the mechanism of HBO2-induced brain toxicity. This is supported by the observed capacity of 7-NI to inhibit tyrosine nitration and increase time to seizure. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Undersea Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chavko, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Operat & Undersea Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1089-8603 J9 NITRIC OXIDE-BIOL CH JI Nitric Oxide-Biol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S1089-8603(03)00045-4 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 736WD UT WOS:000186195400003 PM 14559428 ER PT J AU DelBalzo, DR Schultz, JR Earle, MD AF DelBalzo, DR Schultz, JR Earle, MD TI Stochastic time-series simulation of wave parameters using ship observations SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ocean waves; ship observations; wave data; wave simulations ID SEA-STATE; BUOYS AB A stochastic simulation technique was used with ship wave observations, which form the largest world-wide data base of wave information. Twenty years of wave parameter (height, period, and direction) observations from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) were used as the input data. Simulations were compared to four years of wave parameters from a National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) data buoy near Monterey Bay, CA. The comparisons are satisfactory with differences mainly caused by biases between ship observations and buoy data. The stochastic simulation technique is attractive because it is computationally efficient and few decisions are required for its application. The applied techniques can be employed with global COADS data to simulate wave conditions at many world-wide locations where measurements and hindcasts by computer models do not exist. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Boeing Autometr Inc, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. Neptune Sci Inc, Slidell, LA 70461 USA. RP DelBalzo, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Code 7183, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1417 EP 1432 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(02)00120-8 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 669NT UT WOS:000182357900005 ER PT J AU Schallhorn, SC Kaupp, SE Tanzer, DJ Tidwell, J Laurent, J Bourque, LB AF Schallhorn, SC Kaupp, SE Tanzer, DJ Tidwell, J Laurent, J Bourque, LB TI Pupil size and quality of vision after LASIK SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Royal-Hawaiian-Eye CY JAN, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HAWAII SP Royal Hawaiian Eye ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; LASER PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; CORNEAL REFRACTIVE SURGERY; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; OPTICAL ABERRATIONS; MYOPIA; GLARE; ZONE; SATISFACTION AB Purpose: To evaluate factors related to the quality of vision after LASIK Design: Survey study. Participants: One hundred consecutive patients. Intervention: LASIK with a 6.0-mm elliptical ablation pattern without transition zone to treat mild to moderate myopia or astigmatism (preoperative manifest spherical equivalent [MSE], -4.79 +/- 1.33 diopters [D]; range, -2.88 to -9.25 D). The second eye was treated 1 month after the first. Main Outcome Measures: Completed questionnaires assessing night vision problems (glare, haze, and halo symptoms) before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery in 97, 75, 81, and 66 subjects, respectively. Mesopic pupil size and preoperative and postoperative variables were analyzed with questionnaire data using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Patients with large mesopic pupils had significantly more reports of glare, haze, and halo than did those with smaller pupils in the treated eye at 1 month after surgery (P=0.02, P=0.03, and P=0.02, respectively ANOVA) and of glare at 3 months (P=0.05). Significant predictors of symptoms at 6 months, identified through multivariate regression analysis, included preoperative MSE (for glare and haze), preoperative contrast acuity (glare), postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA; haze), and residual cylinder (haze). Together, these factors accounted for only 19% of the overall variability in glare and 37% of the variability in haze responses. No relationship between pupils and symptoms was noted at 6 months after surgery in either the ANOVA or regression analysis group. Conclusions: Patients with large pupils had more quality of vision symptoms in the early postoperative period, but no correlation was observed 6 months after surgery. Factors related to long-term symptoms include the level of treatment (preoperative myopia), preoperative contrast acuity, postoperative UCVA, and residual cylinder. Most of the variability in visual quality could not be explained by preoperative or clinical outcome measures, including pupil size. (C) 2003 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Schallhorn, SC (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM scschallhorn@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 110 IS 8 BP 1606 EP 1614 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00494-9 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 710VK UT WOS:000184703400025 PM 12917181 ER PT J AU Chiu, WKS Maguire, JM Berliner, MJ AF Chiu, WKS Maguire, JM Berliner, MJ TI Phase sensitivity of conventional single-mode and holey optical fibers: a comparison study SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fiber optic sensors; holey fiber; phase sensitivity; finite element analysis ID TECHNOLOGY AB A comparison of phase sensitivity is conducted for two different types of optical fiber designs with the same outer diameter. The optical fibers are subjected to a hydrostatic pressure load. The finite element model validates well with the analytical solutions. The holey fiber selected for this study showed a 130% phase sensitivity gain over a conventional single-mode optical fiber due to its hollow structure, enabling the external pressure load to strain the core beyond that observed in solid optical fibers. The holey fiber's outer coating also enhances the phase sensitivity, with improved performance over conventional single-mode optical fibers with the same coating. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. USN, Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Submarine Sonar Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Chiu, WKS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, 191 Auditorium Rd, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2304 EP 2310 DI 10.1117/1.1590318 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 709ZN UT WOS:000184656600023 ER PT J AU Wang, L Crouch, L Richie, TL Nhan, DH Coppel, RL AF Wang, L Crouch, L Richie, TL Nhan, DH Coppel, RL TI Naturally acquired antibody responses to the components of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 complex SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibody response; MSP6; MSP7; MSP1; Plasmodium falciparum ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN G3 SUBCLASS; CARBOXY-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; MALARIA MORBIDITY; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; SERUM ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; INVASION; PREVALENCE AB Merozoite surface protein 6 (MSP6) and 7 (MSP7) of Plasmodium falciparum are peripheral membrane proteins whose cleaved products, MSP6(36), MSP7(22) and MSP7(19), are found on the merozoite surface as components of a non-covalently bound complex which also contains four polypeptides derived from merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1). We have expressed both the precursor regions and the processed mature products of MSP6 and MSP7 in Escherichia coli and showed that these recombinant proteins react with human immune sera. In a set of sera collected from individuals living in malaria-endemic areas of Southern-central Vietnam, antibodies to the mature polypeptides of MSP6(36) and MSP7(22) were detected in 50.6 and 85.6% of the serum samples, whereas antibodies to the precursor regions of MSP6 and MSP7 were detected in only 12.1 and 42.5% of the serum samples, respectively. The predominant subclass of anti-MSP6 antibodies was IgG1, whereas the predominant subclass of anti-MSP7 antibodies was IgG3. In the same set of serum samples, the antibody responses to MSP1(19) are predominantly IgGI, whereas antibodies to merozoite surface protein 4 (MSP4) are mainly IgG3. This data is consistent with the proposition that, during malaria infection, variable proteins induce responses that are predominantly of the IgG3 isotype, and conserved proteins induce responses that are predominantly IgG1. The antibodies to MSP6, MSP7 and MSP1(19) all decreased at the time of infection, but increased during the convalescent period. No correlation was observed between the antibodies at the commencement of the study and absence of parasitaemia during surveillance in this population. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Victoria Bioinformat Consortium, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Inst Malariol Parasitol & Entomol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD AUG-SEP PY 2003 VL 25 IS 8-9 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2003.00647.x PG 10 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 749GL UT WOS:000186911200001 PM 14651587 ER PT J AU Emamian, SA Dubovsky, EC Vezina, LG Carter, W Bulas, DI AF Emamian, SA Dubovsky, EC Vezina, LG Carter, W Bulas, DI TI CT scout films: Don't forget to look! SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Radiology CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Pediat Radiol DE CT-head; CT-scout image; cranial CT Neuroradiology AB Background: A lateral scout view of the head is always obtained when performing head computed tomography (CT). It is common knowledge that viewing the lateral scout view may provide additional information. For a variety of reasons, however, a careful review may not be performed routinely. Objective: To illustrate the value of the lateral scout view, we present a series of representative cases. Patients: Six patients with clinically relevant findings on the scout view. Results: Most of the ancillary findings were in the upper cervical spine/neck, which is typically included on the lateral scout view. Conclusion: Careful evaluation of the scout view of the head CT, including the skull and neck, may yield valuable information, which may not be visualized on the axial CT images. C1 George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Radiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. USN, Dept Radiol, Bethesda Med Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Emamian, SA (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Radiol, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1007/s00247-003-0937-2 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 711UF UT WOS:000184758900004 PM 12743661 ER PT J AU Phillips, RT Steffan, AG Newton, SR Reinecke, TL Kotlyar, R AF Phillips, RT Steffan, AG Newton, SR Reinecke, TL Kotlyar, R TI Exciton fine structure in interfacial quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics in Semiconductors (NOEKS 7) CY FEB 24-28, 2003 CL UNIV KARLSRUHE, KARLSRUHE, GERMANY HO UNIV KARLSRUHE ID WELLS; GROWTH AB We have studied, by 'micro-magneto-photoluminescence', the eigenstates of excitons localised in the interfacial potential of narrow GaAs/Al0.31Ga0.69As quantum wells. These behave in many respects as quantum dot excitons, and give narrow emission lines that permit direct resolution of Zeeman splittings. Some dots show small zero-field splitting (< 100 mueV), varying down to below the limit of resolution of our technique (approximate to 25 mueV). For these dots the excitonic g-factor depends on well-width, and also shows variation with the applied field B. The variation with B is related to the band mixing which is more prominent in these weakly-confined dots than in, for example, typical Stranski-Krastanow dots. The magnitude of the term linear in B can be calculated in a simplified model of the confined state, which gives a method of estimating the lateral extent of the confining potential. For particular transitions which are found at the extreme low-energy end of the emission from wells of 2 nm and 3 nm width, a different behaviour is found. These show much larger zero-field splitting of around 1 meV, and much smaller diamagnetic shift than that in the more usual dots with small zero-field splitting. The measured spin fine structure of these states is compared with that calculated from a spin Hamiltonian for a heavy-hole exciton, which gives a unique determination of the full three-dimensional g-factor for a single quantum dot. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97214 USA. RP Phillips, RT (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Dept Phys, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 238 IS 3 BP 601 EP 606 DI 10.1002/pssb.200303184 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 714QK UT WOS:000184924800042 ER PT J AU Ivlev, AV Konopka, U Morfill, G Joyce, G AF Ivlev, AV Konopka, U Morfill, G Joyce, G TI Melting of monolayer plasma crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DUSTY PLASMA; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SIMULATION; LIQUIDS; SYSTEM AB Melting of a monolayer plasma crystal in a radio-frequency discharge with no particles suspended above or below is studied. The experimental data are compared with results of molecular dynamics simulations and theory. It is shown that the melting is caused by the resonance coupling between the longitudinal and the transverse dust-lattice wave modes, due to the interaction of particles with the plasma wakes. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci, D-85740 Garching, Germany. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ivlev, AV (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Ctr Interdisciplinary Plasma Sci, D-85740 Garching, Germany. NR 24 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 AR 026405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.026405 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 719GC UT WOS:000185194400086 PM 14525118 ER PT J AU Pawlus, S Paluch, M Sekula, M Ngai, KL Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J AF Pawlus, S Paluch, M Sekula, M Ngai, KL Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J TI Changes in dynamic crossover with temperature and pressure in glass-forming diethyl phthalate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); MECHANICAL RELAXATION; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; TIME AB Dielectric relaxation measurements have been used to study the crossover in dynamics with temperature and pressure, onset of breakdown of the Debye-Stokes-Einstein law, and the relation between the alpha and the beta relaxations in diethyl phthalate. The measurements made over 10 decades in frequency and a broad range of temperature and pressure enable the dc conductivity and the alpha- and the beta-relaxations to be studied altogether. The isobaric data show that the alpha-relaxation time tau(alpha) has temperature dependence that crosses over from one Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse form to another at T(B)approximate to227 K and tau(alpha)approximate to10(-2) s. The dc conductivity sigma exhibits similar crossover at the same T(B). At temperatures above T(B), tau(alpha) and sigma have the same temperature dependence, but below T(B) they become different and the Debye-Stokes-Einstein law breaks down. The breadth of the alpha relaxation is nearly constant for TT(B). The time dependence of tau(beta) is Arrhenius, which when extrapolated to higher temperatures intersects tau(alpha) at T(beta) nearly coincident with T(B). Isothermal measurements at various applied pressures when compared with isobaric data show that the shape of the alpha-relaxation depends only on tau(alpha), and not on the T and P combinations. At a constant temperature, while tau(alpha) increases rapidly with pressure, the beta-relaxation time tau(beta) is insensitive to applied pressure. This behavior is exactly the same as found in 1,1'-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexane. The findings are discussed in the framework of the coupling model. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pawlus, S (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 51 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 AR 021503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.021503 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 719FX UT WOS:000185193900040 PM 14524977 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Virgo, M O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, KL Feldman, DW Virgo, M O'Shea, PG TI Measurement and analysis of thermal photoemission from a dispenser cathode SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID THERMIONIC EMISSION; ELECTRON-EMISSION; PHOTOCATHODES; TECHNOLOGY; TUNGSTEN; BA AB Photocathodes for free electron lasers (FELs) are required to produce nano-Coulomb pulses in picosecond time scales with demonstrable reliability, lifetime, and efficiency. Dispenser cathodes, traditionally a rugged and long-lived thermionic source, are under investigation to determine their utility as a photocathode and have shown promise. The present study describes theoretical models under development to analyze experimental data from dispenser cathodes and to create predictive time-dependent models to predict their performance as an FEL source. Here, a steady-state model of a dispenser cathode with partial coverage of a low work function coating and surface nonuniformity is developed. Quantitative agreement is found for experimental data, especially with regard to temperature, field, laser intensity, and quantum efficiency versus laser wavelength dependence. In particular, for long wavelength incident lasers of sufficient intensity, the majority of the absorbed energy heats the electron gas and background lattice, and photoemission from the heated electron distribution constitutes the emitted current. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2003 VL 6 IS 8 AR 083501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.083501 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 721LV UT WOS:000185318600006 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Rudakov, LI AF Huba, JD Rudakov, LI TI Hall magnetohydrodynamics of neutral layers SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION CHALLENGE; MAGNETOTAIL BARIUM RELEASES; PLASMA OPENING SWITCH; LARGE-LARMOR-RADIUS; ANOMALOUS RESISTIVITY; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; FIELD; SIMULATIONS; SHEET AB New analytical and numerical results of the dynamics of inhomogeneous, reversed field current layers in the Hall limit (i.e., characteristic length scales less than or similar to the ion inertial length) are presented. Specifically, the two- and three-dimensional evolution of a current layer that supports a reversed field plasma configuration and has a density gradient along the current direction is studied. The two-dimensional study demonstrates that a density inhomogeneity along the current direction can dramatically redistribute the magnetic field and plasma via magnetic shock-like or rarefaction waves. The relative direction between the density gradient and current flow plays a critical role in the evolution of the current sheet. One important result is that the current sheet can become very thin rapidly when the density gradient is directed opposite to the current. The three-dimensional study uses the same plasma and field configuration as the two-dimensional study but is also initialized with a magnetic field perturbation localized along the current channel upstream of the plasma inhomogeneity. The perturbation induces a magnetic wave structure that propagates in the direction of the electron drift (i.e., opposite to the current). The propagating wave structure is a Hall phenomenon associated with magnetic field curvature. The interaction between the propagating wave structure and the evolving current layer can lead to rapid magnetic field line reconnection. The results are applied to laboratory and space plasma processes. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22015 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2003 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3139 EP 3150 DI 10.1063/1.1582474 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 707CL UT WOS:000184491800011 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Metzler, N Gardner, JH AF Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Metzler, N Gardner, JH TI Strong shock wave and areal mass oscillations associated with impulsive loading of planar laser targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; EQUATION-OF-STATE; LINEAR-MIXING MODEL; GPA 1-6 MBAR; PERTURBATION GROWTH; LIQUID DEUTERIUM; BLAST WAVES; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; IMPRINT REDUCTION; RAREFACTION WAVE AB When a rippled surface of a planar target is irradiated with a short (subnanosecond) laser pulse, the shock wave launched into the target and the mass distribution of the shocked plasma will oscillate. These oscillations are found to be surprisingly strong compared, for example, to the case when the laser radiation is not turned off but rather keeps pushing the shock wave into the target. Being stronger than the areal mass oscillations due to ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov instability and feedout in planar targets, which have recently been observed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) [Aglitskiy et al., Phys. Plasmas 9, 2264 (2002)], these oscillations should therefore be directly observable with the same diagnostic technique. Irradiation of a target with a short laser pulse represents a particular case of an impulsive loading, a fast release of finite energy in a thin layer near the surface of a target. Renewed interest to the impulsive loading in the area of direct-drive laser fusion is due to the recent proposals of using a short pulse prior to the drive pulse to make the target more resistant to laser imprint and Rayleigh-Taylor growth. Impulsive loading produces a shock wave that propagates into the target and is immediately followed by an expansion wave, which gradually reduces the shock strength. If the irradiated surface is rippled, then, while the shock wave propagates through the target, its modulation amplitude grows, exceeding the initial ripple amplitude by a factor of 2 or more. The oscillating areal mass reaches the peak values that exceed the initial mass modulation amplitude (density times ripple height) by a factor of 5-7 or more, and reverses its phase several times after the laser pulse is over. The oscillatory growth is more pronounced in fluids with higher shock compressibility and is probably related to the Vishniac's instability of a blast wave. Frequency of the oscillations is determined by the speed of sound in the shocked material, and could be used as a tuning fork to probe its equation of state. The analytical theory and numerical simulations describing such oscillations are reported, and the opportunities available for their experimental observation are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22150 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2003 VL 10 IS 8 BP 3270 EP 3282 DI 10.1063/1.1591769 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 707CL UT WOS:000184491800026 ER PT J AU Ritchie, GD Hulme, ME Rossi, J AF Ritchie, GD Hulme, ME Rossi, J TI Treatment of spontaneous and chemically induced EEG paroxysms in the Fischer-344 rat with traditional antiepileptic drugs or AED+CGP 35348 polytherapy SO PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE absence epilepsy; SWD; EEG paroxysms; aging models; antiepileptic drugs; Fischer-344 rats; CGP 35348; GABA(A); GABA(B) ID SPIKE-WAVE DISCHARGES; GENERALIZED ABSENCE SEIZURES; TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE PHOSPHATE TMPP; GABA(B) ANTAGONIST CGP-35348; GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE MODEL; LH/LH MOUSE MODEL; VALPROIC ACID; RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS; ANIMAL-MODELS AB Twenty-four Fischer-344 rats implanted with cortical electroencephalograph (EEG) electrodes were evaluated for frequency, duration, and mean duration (duration/frequency) of both spontaneous and chemically induced spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) during earlier and later adulthood. Fischer-344 rats, exhibiting a low level of spontaneous SWDs during earlier adulthood, progressed to exhibit a significantly larger number and duration of SWDs during later adulthood. The convusant trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP), known to antagonize the GABA(A) inhibitory system through blockade of the chloride channel, induced or increased SWDs in every rat tested. Spontaneous or chemically induced SWDs in Fischer-344 rats were eliminated or reduced by several drugs used to control human absence seizures. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(B) antagonist CGP 35348 reduced spontaneous EEG paroxysms; CGP 35348 as a polytherapy with several traditional antiabsence treatments improved control of TMPP-induced seizures. It would appear that the Fischer-344 rat provides an excellent research alternative to use of genetically selected rodent strains for investigation of progression of absencelike epilepsy with aging, induction of SWDs by toxicant exposures, and treatment of spontaneous and chemically induced paroxysms. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, NEL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ritchie, GD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, NEL, 2612 5th St,Area B,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-5846 J9 PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPH JI Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 5 BP 847 EP 862 DI 10.1016/S0278-5846(03)00144-1 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 719DG UT WOS:000185187900018 PM 12921919 ER PT J AU Sinclair, N Thomson, H Black, S AF Sinclair, N Thomson, H Black, S TI Directionally drilled bores for remote cable landings SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Sinclair, N (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 44 IS 8 BP 68 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 714TQ UT WOS:000184929900010 ER PT J AU JiJi, RD Hammond, MH Williams, FW Rose-Pehrsson, SL AF JiJi, RD Hammond, MH Williams, FW Rose-Pehrsson, SL TI Multivariate statistical process control for continuous monitoring of networked early warning fire detection (EWFD) systems SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-9) CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS DE multi-criteria; sensor array; multivariate analysis; event detection; MSPC; fire detection ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL-NETWORK; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CHARTS AB Sensor array networks provide much information concerning an environment if the data is adequately used. However, monitoring large networks of sensor arrays can be data intensive. Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) methods allow monitoring of an entire system at a supervisory level. These methods are demonstrated for fire detection using the early warning fire detection (EWFD) system. The EWFD system comprised of four sensors that included photoelectric and ionization smoke detectors, as well as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors. Fourteen sensor arrays were distributed in 10 compartments and passageways throughout the ex-USS SHADWELL, the advanced damage control fire research platform of the Naval Research Laboratory. Data was collected for a series of smoldering and flaming fire sources as well as nuisance sources in different compartments over two decks. The network of sensor responses, location and temporal data are used to identify events, determine source location and monitor fire rate of growth. Hotelling's statistic and the Q-statistic are employed initially for event detection. Subsequently, contribution plots are used to determine source location, rate of growth and to discriminate between actual fires and their byproducts in adjacent compartments. The response times of the MSPC method are compared to the commercial smoke detectors colocated with the EWFD systems. MSPC is shown to be an efficient method for continuous monitoring of EWFD systems. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rose-Pehrsson, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI JiJi, Renee/0000-0003-0399-4648 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00242-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 703DV UT WOS:000184265500015 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM Todd, MD Wait, JR AF Nichols, JM Todd, MD Wait, JR TI Using state space predictive modeling with chaotic interrogation in detecting joint preload loss in a frame structure experiment SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS; DAMAGE DETECTION; CORRELATION DIMENSION; TIME-SERIES; ATTRACTOR; IDENTIFICATION; RECONSTRUCTION; SELECTION; SYSTEMS AB This work explores the role of steady-state dynamic analysis in the vibration-based structural health monitoring field. While more traditional approaches focus on transient or stochastic vibration analysis, the method described here utilizes a geometric portrait of system dynamics to extract information about the steady-state response of the structure to sustained excitation. The approach utilizes the fundamental properties of chaotic signals to produce low-dimensional response data which are then analyzed for features which indicate the degree to which the dynamics have been altered by damage. A discussion of the fundamental issues involved in the approach is presented along with experimental evidence of the approach's ability to discriminate among several damage scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, WR, ESA, Weap Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 4 BP 580 EP 601 AR PII S0964-1726(03)63285-4 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/12/4/310 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 717JU UT WOS:000185086000010 ER PT J AU Jernigan, RW Baran, RH AF Jernigan, RW Baran, RH TI Testing lumpability in Markov chains SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE time series; Markov chain; lumpability; chi-squared tests ID ORDER AB The chi-squared test of Markov chain lumpability is shown to operate reliably under a corrected derivation of the degrees of freedom. The test is used to screen out lumping schemes that corrupt the Markov property and give rise to higher order dependence. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 American Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0167-7152(03)00126-3 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 703UU UT WOS:000184300500003 ER PT J AU Gross, A Eichler, A Hafner, J Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Gross, A Eichler, A Hafner, J Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Unified picture of the molecular adsorption process: O-2/Pt(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer simulations; density functional calculations; molecular dynamics; sticking; energy dissipation; oxygen; platinum; low index single crystal surfaces ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; PT(111) SURFACE; O-2; H-2; DESORPTION; CHEMISORPTION AB Tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations of the adsorption Of O-2/Pt(I 11) have been performed based on an ab initio potential energy surface. We demonstrate that, contrary to common belief, in this system the whole adsorption probability as a function of the kinetic energy can be understood in terms of trapping into chemisorbed molecular precursor states. This provides a novel unified picture of the trapping process which is relevant for the general understanding of adsorption. Furthermore, by simple steric arguments we are able to explain why O-2 does not dissociate on cold Pt(111) surfaces even at kinetic energies that are much greater than the dissociation barrier. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept T30, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Univ Vienna, Inst Mat Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gross, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept T30, James Franck Str, D-85747 Garching, Germany. EM agross@ph.tum.de RI Gross, Axel/B-4023-2014; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 OI Gross, Axel/0000-0003-4037-7331; NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 539 IS 1-3 BP L542 EP L548 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00791-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 708TK UT WOS:000184585300005 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF AF Jiang, QF TI Moist dynamics and orographic precipitation SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PAST 3-DIMENSIONAL OBSTACLES; STRATIFIED FLOW; NONLINEAR FLOW; MOUNTAIN WAVES; MODEL; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISMS; REVERSAL AB Uniformly stratified moist flow over a Gaussian-shaped circular mountain is investigated using a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. The focus is the interaction between flow stagnation and orographic precipitation. Two closely related issues are addressed: the effect of condensation and precipitation on mountain flow stagnation, and the influence of flow blocking and latent heat on upslope precipitation. It is demonstrated that latent heat release and precipitation can significantly delay the onset of mountain flow stagnation. The dynamical and thermodynamical nature of this modification can be qualitatively understood using the moist stability concept. However, due to the vertical variation of the moist stability, it is not possible to define a single nondimensional mountain height to describe the general nonlinearity of moist orographic flow. The effect of flow blocking and splitting on the intensity and distribution of orographic precipitation is found to be significant. For low mountains, the upslope ascent dominates and the precipitation intensity is roughly proportional to the mountain height and windspeed as predicted by both a slab model and the mesoscale model. For high mountains, this relationship breaks down because the mountain lift effect is reduced as the low level moist flow passes around the peak. An arc-shaped precipitation band forms further upstream of the peak where the terrain slope is gentle, associated with the secondary circulation forced by the upstream flow blocking/reversal. The removal of latent heat processes leads to reduced upslope lift and enhanced windward blocking, thereby reducing the maximum precipitation rates and increasing the precipitation area. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Monterey, Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 55 IS 4 BP 301 EP 316 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.2003.00025.x PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 710NU UT WOS:000184687000002 ER PT J AU Gorelik, J Vodyanoy, I Shevchuk, AI Diakonov, IA Lab, MJ Korchev, YE AF Gorelik, J Vodyanoy, I Shevchuk, AI Diakonov, IA Lab, MJ Korchev, YE TI Esmolol is antiarrhythmic in doxorubicin-induced arrhythmia in cultured cardiomyocytes - determination by novel rapid cardiomyocyte assay SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE arrhythmia; doxorubicin; esmolol; cardiomyocyte; rapid assay ID CANCER; CARDIOTOXICITY; CONTRACTION; MYOCYTES; DYNAMICS; THERAPY; FAILURE; HEART AB Cardiac toxicity is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of cancer therapy, especially with anthracyclines. One of the most effective anticancer drugs is doxorubicin, but its value is limited by the risk of developing cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmia. When applied to a network of periodically contracting cardiomyocytes in culture, doxorubicin induces rhythm disturbances. Using a novel rapid assay based on non-invasive ion-conductance microscopy we show that the P-antagonist esmolol can restore rhythm in doxorubicin-treated cultures of cardiomyocytes. Moreover, esmolol pre-treatment can protect the culture from doxorubicin-induced arrhythmia. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC Clin Sci Ctr, Fac Med, London, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Korchev, YE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC Clin Sci Ctr, Fac Med, London, England. RI Korchev, Yuri/D-2498-2009; OI Korchev, Yuri/0000-0002-4872-8696 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 548 IS 1-3 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00743-9 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 707XW UT WOS:000184536100014 PM 12885410 ER PT J AU Kazil, J Kopp, E Chabrillat, S Bishop, J AF Kazil, J Kopp, E Chabrillat, S Bishop, J TI The University of Bern Atmospheric Ion Model: Time-dependent modeling of the ions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ion chemistry; D-region; lower E-region; ion model; ionization ID IONOSPHERIC D REGION; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC MEASUREMENT; HUMAN-INDUCED PERTURBATIONS; TRACE GAS-DETECTION; WATER CLUSTER IONS; DAYTIME D-REGION; NEGATIVE-ION; POSITIVE-IONS; NIGHT-TIME; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS AB In this paper the first time-dependent model of ion chemistry in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region acting within a global, time-dependent, two-dimensional neutral atmosphere model is described. Selected diurnal results are presented for undisturbed solar minimum conditions. The University of Bern Atmospheric Ion Model (UBAIM) is a time-dependent, pseudo-two-dimensional model of the ion chemistry in the Earth atmosphere. It covers latitudes from 85degreesS to 85degreesN and (log-pressure) altitudes from 20 to 120 km. On this grid a system of differential equations describing the ion chemistry is integrated numerically until a periodical solution, governed by the diurnal changes in the incident radiation, is reached; this solution constitutes a model for quiet or undisturbed conditions. The basic ion chemistry of the UBAIM contains 311 reactions for 71 charged species. Ionization sources are solar X-ray and EUV radiation, resonantly scattered Lyman alpha and beta photons, and galactic cosmic rays. Densities of main and trace neutral atmospheric constituents are taken from a new version of the bidimensional NCAR model SOCRATES, which has been specifically optimized for mesospheric and lower thermospheric processes with upper boundary conditions set using the empirical MSIS thermosphere model. Direct solar flux inputs are computed by the SOLAR2000 model; scattered Lyman alpha and beta fluxes are calculated using geocoronal hydrogen density profiles consistent with the adopted MSIS density distributions. C1 Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kazil, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM kazil@ucar.edu; ernest.kopp@space.unibe.ch; simonc@oma.be; jbishop@uap2.nrl.navy.mil RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451 NR 94 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 4432 DI 10.1029/2002JD003024 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 710WZ UT WOS:000184707000005 ER PT J AU Kimura-Suda, H Petrovykh, DY Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ AF Kimura-Suda, H Petrovykh, DY Tarlov, MJ Whitman, LJ TI Base-dependent competitive adsorption of single-stranded DNA on gold SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; STABILITY; ADENINE C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tarlov, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 12 TC 225 Z9 229 U1 8 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 30 BP 9014 EP 9015 DI 10.1021/ja035756n PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 704WT UT WOS:000184364500024 PM 15369348 ER PT J AU Flatau, MK Flatau, PJ Schmidt, J Kiladis, GN AF Flatau, MK Flatau, PJ Schmidt, J Kiladis, GN TI Delayed onset of the 2002 Indian monsoon SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER MONSOON; SEA AB [1] We show that there is a set of dynamical predictors, which facilitate forecasting of a delayed monsoon onset. The main dynamical contributor is the early May propagation of the "bogus onset Intraseasonal Oscillation'' which triggers a set of events precluding the climatological monsoon onset. We analyze in detail the 2002 monsoon onset and show that it followed a pattern described in our previous study. We notice that the 2003 monsoon onset followed very similar pattern and was delayed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Flatau, MK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RI Flatau, Piotr/E-2219-2011 NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 14 AR 1768 DI 10.1029/2003GL017434 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 710WL UT WOS:000184705800004 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC Makela, JJ Paxton, LJ Kamalabadi, F Comberiate, JM Kil, H AF Kelley, MC Makela, JJ Paxton, LJ Kamalabadi, F Comberiate, JM Kil, H TI The first coordinated ground- and space-based optical observations of equatorial plasma bubbles SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; PERFORMANCE; GUVI AB [1] We report on ionospheric optical emissions detected by the GUVI instrument on the TIMED satellite. As the satellite crosses the equatorial zone the bright Appleton Anomaly region is imaged. Often these bright zones are interrupted by regions slanted from west to east as the equator is approached forming a backwards 'C'-shape in the image. To explain this feature we use simultaneous ground-based observations looking equatorward from Hawaii using the 777.4-nm emission. We also compare these optical observations to inverted electron density maps, as well as to those made by radar and to numerical simulations of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The characteristic shape is a result of a shear in the eastward plasma flow velocity, which peaks near the F peak at the equator and decreases both above and below that height. The ability to detect these unstable and usually turbulent ionospheric regions from orbit provides a powerful global remote sensing capability for an important space weather process. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 351 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015; Kil, Hyosub/C-2577-2016; Comberiate, Joseph/I-3310-2012 OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X; Kil, Hyosub/0000-0001-8288-6236; Comberiate, Joseph/0000-0002-0210-2129 NR 10 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 14 AR 1766 DI 10.1029/2003GL017301 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 710WL UT WOS:000184705800002 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF Meger, RA AF Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Fernsler, RF Meger, RA TI On the extraction of positive and negative ions from electron-beam-generated plasmas SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; PROCESSING SYSTEM; FREQUENCY BIAS; DISCHARGES AB The results of investigations using pulsed, electron-beam-produced plasmas in Ar/SF6 mixtures are reported. Positive and negative ions were extracted during the active phase of plasma production using a low-frequency, low-voltage bias applied to the sampling electrode. Time-averaged energy distributions, accumulated over several extraction periods, were employed to investigate the flux of both the positive and negative ions. The extraction of negative ions in large quantities suggests the formation of ion-ion plasmas, and the time-averaged energy distributions are in agreement with estimates of sheath formation at the biased electrode. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sgwalton@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 626 EP 628 DI 10.1063/1.1595155 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 704JM UT WOS:000184336600012 ER PT J AU Bergman, L Chen, XB Feldmeier, J Purdy, AP AF Bergman, L Chen, XB Feldmeier, J Purdy, AP TI Impact of ultraviolet-laser heating on the photoluminescence of ensembles of GaN microcrystallites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; QUANTUM-WELLS; SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION; LOCALIZED EXCITONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANORODS; GROWTH AB We present optical analysis concerning the redshift of the photoluminescence (PL) of ensembles of GaN microcrystals. We found that the extent of the redshift depends on the laser power as well as on the size of the ensemble. For ensembles of similar to30 mum, the laser power in our experimental specification impacted the PL energy and caused a redshift of up to 120 meV. This phenomenon was not observed for a small ensemble of similar to1 mum or less. For the small ensemble, the PL redshift was negligible and depended weakly on the laser power; similar behavior was found in GaN thin film. The above findings were observed in the PL of GaN microcrystalline of wurtzite as well as the cubic structure. Our results point to a laser heating event occurring in the large ensemble; the emitted scattered light is confined among the microcrystallites thus causing heating. For a small ensemble, the light has a higher probability of diffusing outside the enclosure, and thus no laser heating occurs. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bergman, L (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RI Chen, Xiang-Bai/B-7052-2012 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 764 EP 766 DI 10.1063/1.1597752 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 704JM UT WOS:000184336600058 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Lankford, AR Schoen, PE AF Chiou, BS Lankford, AR Schoen, PE TI Modifying tubule distribution in tubule-filled composites by using polyurethane-polydimethylsiloxane interpenetrating polymer networks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyurethane-polydimethylsiloxane; interpenetrating polymer networks; permittivity; tubules ID ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES; HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; CARBON-BLACK; SELECTIVE LOCALIZATION; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); BLENDS; PERCOLATION; MORPHOLOGY; MICROSTRUCTURES; INTERFACE AB Microtubules that were made from a phospholipid and coated with copper to become electrically conductive were incorporated into a polyurethane-polydimethylsiloxane (PU-PDMS) interpenetrating polymer network. The tubule concentration ranged from 8 to 16 vol %, whereas the PDMS concentration ranged from 0 to 75 wt %. The composites' dielectric properties and morphology were characterized by using a vector network analyzer and an optical microscope. In the composites the tubules became segregated into the polyurethane phase and were excluded from the PDMS phase. This forced the tubules closer together and resulted in the sample being closer to percolation. Consequently, for a specific tubule concentration, the real part of the permittivity increased for higher PDMS concentrations. In addition, adding tubules changed the morphology of the matrix. The dispersed PDMS globules were smaller in the composites than in the neat interpenetrating polymer network. The reason was that the tubules increased the viscosity of the system, which prevented the smaller PDMS globules from coalescing to form larger globules. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Schoen, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1032 EP 1038 DI 10.1002/app.12227 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 679LU UT WOS:000182924600020 ER PT J AU Hamzi, B Kang, W AF Hamzi, B Kang, W TI Resonant terms and bifurcations of nonlinear control systems with one uncontrollable mode SO SYSTEMS & CONTROL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear systems; bifurcations; resonant terms; feedback design ID LOCAL FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; STATE-FEEDBACK; NORMAL-FORM; LINEARIZATION AB In this paper we provide a simple algorithm of feedback design for systems with uncontrollable linearization with only quadratic degeneracy, such as transcritical and saddle-node bifurcations. This approach avoids the computation of nonlinear normal forms. It is based only on quadratic invariants which can be determined directly from the quadratic terms in the uncontrollable dynamics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hamzi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hamzi@math.ucdavis.edu; wkang@nps.navy.mil RI Hamzi, Boumediene/C-6469-2015 OI Hamzi, Boumediene/0000-0002-9446-2614 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6911 J9 SYST CONTROL LETT JI Syst. Control Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 49 IS 4 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0167-6911(02)00345-6 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science GA 694AH UT WOS:000183750200003 ER PT J AU de Araujo, LEE Weinstein, JD Gensemer, SD Fatemi, FK Jones, KM Lett, PD Tiesinga, E AF de Araujo, LEE Weinstein, JD Gensemer, SD Fatemi, FK Jones, KM Lett, PD Tiesinga, E TI Two-color photoassociation spectroscopy of the lowest triplet potential of Na-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANT 2-PHOTON IONIZATION; STATE POTASSIUM MOLECULES; LONG-RANGE; DISSOCIATION-ENERGY; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; SCATTERING LENGTHS; RELAXATION RATES; BOUND LEVELS; COLD ATOMS; NA2 AB We have performed a type of Autler-Townes spectroscopy to locate a number of rovibrational-hyperfine levels of the a (3)Sigma(u)(+) potential, the lowest triplet potential of the Na-2 dimer. The spectroscopy starts with the photoassociation of ultracold atoms in a magneto-optical trap. We have measured the binding energies of over 100 individual states spanning the vibrational levels v=8-15 of this potential (binding energies up to 27 cm(-1)). We obtain a typical accuracy of 15 MHz and a typical resolution of 20 MHz, improving on the 10 GHz accuracy and 30 GHz resolution previously available for the vibrational states v<12. Vibrational, rotational, and hyperfine structures are resolved. Additionally, we have been able to resolve the magnetic electron-electron spin-spin dipole splitting of a number of these hyperfine levels. The measured rotational and hyperfine structures show good agreement with theoretical calculations. An analysis of the remaining discrepancies indicates where possible refinements to the potentials can be made. We also observe evidence for the presence of second-order spin-orbit coupling. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Bates Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.lett@nist.gov RI de Araujo, Luis/F-7734-2015 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2062 EP 2074 DI 10.1063/1.1585028 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 700FY UT WOS:000184103000023 ER PT J AU Geddes, CD Parfenov, A Roll, D Fang, JY Lakowicz, JR AF Geddes, CD Parfenov, A Roll, D Fang, JY Lakowicz, JR TI Electrochemical and laser deposition of silver for use in metal-enhanced fluorescence SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING SUBMICROSCOPIC PARTICLES; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; INDOCYANIN GREEN; RAMAN-SCATTERING; TRACER LABELS; ISLAND FILMS; IN-VITRO; DNA; SURFACES; MOLECULES AB We describe two reagentless methods of silver deposition for metal-enhanced fluorescence. Silver was deposited on glass positioned between two silver electrodes with a constant current in pure water. Illumination of the glass between the electrodes resulted in localized silver deposition. Alternatively, silver was deposited on an Indium Tin Oxide cathode, with a silver electrode as the anode. Both types of deposited silver produced a 5-18-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity of a nearby fluorophore, indocyanine green (ICG). Additionally, the photostability of ICG was dramatically increased by proximity to the deposited silver. These results suggest the use of silver deposited from pure water for surface-enhanced fluorescence, with potential applications in surface assays and lab-on-a-chip-based technologies, which ideally require highly fluorescent photostable systems. C1 Univ Maryland, Med Biotechnol Ctr, Inst Fluorescence, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Med Biotechnol Ctr, Ctr Fluorescence Spect, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Med Biotechnol Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Roberts Wesleyan Coll, Rochester, NY 14624 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Geddes, CD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Med Biotechnol Ctr, Inst Fluorescence, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008119, P41 RR008119-13, P41 RR008119-14]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000682, R01 EB000682-04, R01 EB000682-05, R21 EB000981, R21 EB000981-01, R21 EB000981-02] NR 48 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 15 BP 6236 EP 6241 DI 10.1021/la020930r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 702WM UT WOS:000184247800038 PM 20725608 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Imam, MA Feng, CR Rath, BB Yousuf, M Singh, SK AF Qadri, SB Imam, MA Feng, CR Rath, BB Yousuf, M Singh, SK TI Characteristics of plasma processed SiC nanocrystallites and nanorods SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Nanoparticles and nanorods of SiC were synthesized using arc-plasma processing of coarse particles. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies showed the presence of beta-SiC and carbon nanotubes in the starting coarse particles and SiC nanorods in the ultrafine particles produced by plasma processing. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of carbon nanotubes in the starting material and nanorods of SiC in the plasma-processed samples. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Reg Res Lab, Bhubaneswar 751013, Orissa, India. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 548 EP 550 DI 10.1063/1.1594831 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 701UE UT WOS:000184186700048 ER PT J AU Landi, E Feldman, U AF Landi, E Feldman, U TI Properties of solar plasmas near solar maximum above two quiet regions at distances of 1.02-1.34 R-circle dot SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plasmas; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID SUN CORONAL PLASMAS; EMISSION-LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EQUATORIAL PLANE; SUMER TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM; CHIANTI; SPECTROMETER; WIDTHS; SOHO AB In the present work we have analyzed the spectra emitted by two quiet solar regions observed off the solar disk by the SUMER instrument on board the SOHO satellite. The two complete spectra were recorded when the SOHO north-south axis was rotated relative to the Sun north-south axis by similar or equal to150degrees clockwise. As a result, the SUMER slit could be placed so that it is perpendicular to the solar limb in an intermediate orientation between the equator and the poles. The SUMER fields of view consisted of two 100 wide radial strips of the solar corona from 1.02 to 1.34 R-circle dot. The aim of the present work was to measure the physical properties of the emitting plasma, namely, the electron density and temperature, the plasma emission measure, and the nonthermal mass motions, as a function of the distance from the solar limb. The measurement of the plasma absolute element abundances is deferred to a future paper. In measuring the nonthermal velocities of both source regions, we have discovered a residual instrumental systematic effect to line widths. The plasma in the SUMER field of view is nearly isothermal. The measurements of electron density and temperature allow us to check the hydrostatic assumption commonly adopted in the literature and to find that the plasma is denser than predicted. The wide wavelength range covered by the SUMER instrument includes several Li-like ions, allowing us to investigate the relative contribution of the radiative and collisional excitation mechanisms in the Li-like resonance doublet formation. We confirm the earlier findings that a significant radiative excitation occurs for O VI and Ne VIII resonance lines even at low altitudes. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 592 IS 1 BP 607 EP 619 DI 10.1086/375562 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700EA UT WOS:000184098600051 ER PT J AU Murphree, T Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Ford, B AF Murphree, T Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Ford, B TI Large scale atmosphere-ocean anomalies in the northeast Pacific during 2002 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; SURFACE CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; EVENTS; GYRES AB [1] In summer-fall 2002, the coastal northeast Pacific (NEP) was characterized by anomalously cool, fresh waters extending from Vancouver Island to southern California, increased equatorward transport in the California Current System (CCS), and higher surface productivity in the northern CCS. The evolution of large scale atmosphere-ocean anomalies in the NEP from winter 2001-02 through fall 2002 contributed to these coastal anomalies by setting up wind stress anomalies that led to: 1) anomalous transport of subarctic waters into the North Pacific Current (NPC); 2) enhanced eastward flow in the NPC; 3) anomalously strong upwelling in the CCS; and 4) enhanced equatorward transport in the CCS. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NMFS, NOAA, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Murphree, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 15 AR 8026 DI 10.1029/2003GL017303 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 708ZN UT WOS:000184600400001 ER PT J AU Pecher, IA Holbrook, WS Sen, MK Lizarralde, D Wood, WT Hutchinson, DR Dillon, WP Hoskins, H Stephen, RA AF Pecher, IA Holbrook, WS Sen, MK Lizarralde, D Wood, WT Hutchinson, DR Dillon, WP Hoskins, H Stephen, RA TI Seismic anisotropy in gas-hydrate- and gas-bearing sediments on the Blake Ridge, from a walkaway vertical seismic profile SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-ANISOTROPY AB [1] We present results from an analysis of anisotropy in marine sediments using walkaway vertical seismic profiles from the Blake Ridge, offshore South Carolina. We encountered transverse isotropy (TI) with a vertical symmetry axis in a gas-hydrate-bearing unit of clay and claystone with Thomsen parameters epsilon = 0.05 +/- 0.02 and delta = 0.04 +/- 0.06. TI increased to epsilon = 0.16 +/- 0.04 and delta = 0.19 +/- 0.12 in the underlying gas zone. Rock physics modeling suggests that the observed TI is caused by a partial alignment of clay particles rather than high-velocity gas-hydrate veins. Similarly, the increase of TI in the gas zone is not caused by thin low-velocity gas layers but rather, we speculate, by the sharp contrast between seismic properties of an anisotropic sediment frame and elongated gas-bearing pore voids. Our results underscore the significance of anisotropy for integrating near-vertical and wide-angle seismic data. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pecher, IA (reprint author), Geol & Nucl Sci, POB 30-368, Wellington, New Zealand. RI Sen, Mrinal/G-5938-2010; Sen, Mrinal /B-5426-2011; Holbrook, W. Steven/G-9800-2011; Pecher, Ingo/D-9379-2012 OI Holbrook, W. Steven/0000-0003-0065-8841; NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 14 AR 1733 DI 10.1029/2003GL017477 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 708ZC UT WOS:000184599400003 ER PT J AU Choi, YS George, C Comin, MJ Barchi, JJ Kim, HS Jacobson, KA Balzarini, J Mitsuya, H Boyer, PL Hughes, SH Marquez, VE AF Choi, YS George, C Comin, MJ Barchi, JJ Kim, HS Jacobson, KA Balzarini, J Mitsuya, H Boyer, PL Hughes, SH Marquez, VE TI A conformationally locked analogue of the anti-HIV agent stavudine. An important correlation between pseudorotation and maximum amplitude SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; NUCLEOSIDES; NORTHERN AB The synthesis and biological evaluation of a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene nucleoside designed as a conformational mimic of the anti-HIV agent stavudine (1, D4T) is described. The unsaturated methanocarbocyclic pseudosugar of N-MCD4T (2) was constructed from an iodo-substituted precursor by a DBU-catalyzed olefination reaction. Mitsunobu coupling with N-3-benzoylthymine afforded the desired target after deprotection. Both D4T and N-MCD4T are in the North (N) hemisphere of the pseudorotational cycle but 70degrees away from a perfect N (P = 0degrees) conformation toward the East and West hemispheres, respectively. Despite this large difference, the double bond reduces the puckering amplitude (v(max)) of N-MCD4T to 6.81degrees, and the superposition of both structures showed a RMS deviation of only 0.039 Angstrom. The combined structural analysis of P and vmax shows that while the value of P may differ substantially, the low v(max) resolves the differences and becomes the dominant pseudorotational. parameter. N-MCD4T is active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in CEM, MT-2, and MT-4 cells, and while it is somewhat less potent than D4T, it also appears to be less toxic. The triphosphate (N-MCD4TTP) inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase with a 10-fold higher IC50 than D4TTP. By virtue of its carbocyclic nature, N-MCD4T (2) is a more robust molecule stable to conditions that would cleave D4T. C1 NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Med Chem Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDDKD, Mol Recognit Sect, Bioorgan Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. NCI, Expt Retrovirol Sect, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, HIV Durg Resistance Program, Ctr Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Marquez, VE (reprint author), NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Med Chem Lab, 376 Boyles St,Bldg 376,Rm 104, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM marquezv@dc37a.nci.nih.gov RI Jacobson, Kenneth/A-1530-2009; Barchi Jr., Joseph/N-3784-2014; Choi, Yongseok/F-8375-2012 OI Jacobson, Kenneth/0000-0001-8104-1493; Choi, Yongseok/0000-0002-3622-3439 NR 18 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 46 IS 15 BP 3292 EP 3299 DI 10.1021/jm030116g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 699YM UT WOS:000184084800014 PM 12852759 ER PT J AU Adams, DM Brus, L Chidsey, CED Creager, S Creutz, C Kagan, CR Kamat, PV Lieberman, M Lindsay, S Marcus, RA Metzger, RM Michel-Beyerle, ME Miller, JR Newton, MD Rolison, DR Sankey, O Schanze, KS Yardley, J Zhu, XY AF Adams, DM Brus, L Chidsey, CED Creager, S Creutz, C Kagan, CR Kamat, PV Lieberman, M Lindsay, S Marcus, RA Metzger, RM Michel-Beyerle, ME Miller, JR Newton, MD Rolison, DR Sankey, O Schanze, KS Yardley, J Zhu, XY TI Charge transfer on the nanoscale: Current status SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DOT CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYER; SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; CAPPED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; BRIDGED MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB This is the report of a DOE-sponsored workshop organized to discuss the status of our understanding of charge-transfer processes on the nanoscale and to identify research and other needs for progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The current status of basic electron-transfer research, both theoretical and experimental, is addressed, with emphasis on the distance-dependent measurements, and we have attempted to integrate terminology and notation of solution electron-transfer kinetics with that of conductance analysis. The interface between molecules or nanoparticles and bulk metals is examined, and new research tools that advance description and understanding of the interface are presented. The present state-of-the-art in molecular electronics efforts is summarized along with future research needs. Finally, novel strategies that exploit nanoscale architectures are presented for enhancing the efficiences of energy conversion based on photochemistry, catalysis, and electrocatalysis principles. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-85748 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Radiat Lab, Schapiro Ctr CEPSR 12, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Kamat, Prashant/B-7969-2008; Maria Elisabeth, Michel-Beyerle/F-7869-2012; Schanze, Kirk/A-7200-2009; OI Schanze, Kirk/0000-0003-3342-4080; Kamat, Prashant/0000-0002-2465-6819 NR 331 TC 714 Z9 719 U1 31 U2 420 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 28 BP 6668 EP 6697 DI 10.1021/jp0268462 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 699YG UT WOS:000184084300003 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Paluch, M AF Ngai, KL Paluch, M TI Inference of the evolution from caged dynamics to cooperative relaxation in glass-formers from dielectric relaxation data SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID GOLDSTEIN BETA-RELAXATION; FORMING SUBSTANCES; COUPLING MODEL; ALPHA-RELAXATION; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; TEMPERATURE; SORBITOL; PRESSURE; THERMODYNAMICS AB Isothermal dielectric relaxation measurements were carried out on xylitol and threitol. These, together with existing data on sorbitol and glycerol, enabled us to identify the general features in the frequency dispersion and the changes when increasing the number of carbon atoms in the molecule in these polyalcohols. These features are interpreted in the framework of the coupling model. In sorbitol, xylitol, and threitol, the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation peaks at a frequency, nu(beta), near the independent relaxation frequency, nu(0), obtained from calculations using the coupling model. This coincidence indicates that the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation is the precursor to the cooperative structural alpha-relaxation. For glycerol and for some nonassociating glass-formers, which have no resolved Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation peak because nu(0) is too close to the alpha-relaxation peak frequency, a near-constant loss (NCL) contribution can be seen at frequencies much higher than nu(0). Evoking the physical meaning of nu(0), this ubiquitous feature in the dielectric spectra leads to a description of the evolution of the molecular dynamics from the short time regime, when essentially all molecules are caged (i.e., the NCL regime), to the intermediate time regime defined by 1/2pinu(0) (or by 1/2pinu(beta) if the glass-former has a resolved Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation), and to the long time regime when all molecules participate in the fully cooperative structural alpha-relaxation described by the Kohlrausch function. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 28 BP 6865 EP 6872 DI 10.1021/jp026611q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 699YG UT WOS:000184084300024 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK Kang, IW AF Sadananda, K Vasudevan, AK Kang, IW TI Effect of superimposed monotonic fracture modes on the Delta K and K-max parameters of fatigue crack propagation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE fatigue crack growth; unified approach; two parameter analysis; overload fracture; load ratio effects; fatigue mechanisms ID UNIFIED APPROACH; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; GROWTH; THRESHOLD; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; NOTCHES; CLOSURE; DAMAGE AB Fatigue crack growth is represented using the Unified Approach in terms of two crack-tip driving forces, DeltaK and K-max. this approach, crack growth is related solely to fracture mechanics parameters. Using this approach, crack-growth trajectory path can be defined in terms of DeltaK*-K-max* which are two limiting values (they are the same as the thresholds when da/dN = 0), for a given crack-growth rate. Pure fatigue is represented by a line DeltaK* = K-max* (a 45degrees line in the DeltaK*-K-max plot). Normally, fatigue crack growth occurs along with superimposed environmental effects at low crack-growth rates (or low DeltaK values) and/or with monotonic fracture modes at high crack-growth rates (or high DeltaK values). Both of these superimposed effects are functions of the applied K They cause shifts in the DeltaK*-K-max* crack-growth trajectory maps. In the Unified Approach, the DeltaK* = K-max* line provides a reference that can be used to quantify the superimposed effects of environment and overload fracture. This paper presents a detailed analysis of these effects, taking as an example an idealized superimposition model. The model predictions are compared with the actual materials behavior of several aluminum alloys and their composites. In SiC particulate-reinforced Al composites, the coarse particulates ahead of the crack-tip fracture readily, causing rapid growth of fatigue crack. The fracture process is K-max-dependent and hence this superimposed monotonic fracture process get reflected in the crack-growth trajectory map represented in terms of DeltaK*-K-max*. The analysis also shows that the relative ratio of monotonic to fatigue modes varies with load ratio, R. At low load ratios, due to low K-max value, the crack-growth process is predominantly fatigue-dominated, while at high R-ratios due to high K-max value crack growth is fracture-dominated. These regimes are reflected differently in the trajectory map. It is shown that crack-growth trajectory maps provide a powerful tool to investigate the changing fatigue mechanisms as a function of load ratio, crack-growth rate and environment. Without proper understanding and quantification of these mechanisms as function of crack-tip driving forces, any life-prediction methodology can only be empirical at best. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Def Qual Assurance Agcy, Seoul, South Korea. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sadananda@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 3399 EP 3414 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00159-9 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 701VH UT WOS:000184189300006 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ AF Viera, AJ TI Management of carpal tunnel syndrome SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REHABILITATION; SYMPTOMS AB Carpal tunnel syndrome affects approximately 3 percent of adults in the United States. Pain and paresthesias in the distribution of the median nerve are the classic symptoms. While Tinel's sign and a positive Phalen's maneuver are classic clinical signs of the syndrome, hypalgesia and weak thumb abduction are more predictive of abnormal nerve conduction studies. Conservative treatment options include splinting the wrist in a neutral position and ultrasound therapy. Orally administered corticosteroids can be effective for short-term management (two to four weeks), but local corticosteroid injections may improve symptoms for a longer period. A recent systematic review demonstrated that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pyridoxine, and diuretics are no more effective than placebo in relieving the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. If symptoms are refractory to conservative measures or if nerve conduction studies show severe entrapment, open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release may be necessary. Carpal tunnel syndrome should be treated conservatively in pregnant women because spontaneous postpartum resolution is common. C1 Naval Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Family Practice Residency Program, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Family Practice Residency Program, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 704CQ UT WOS:000184320500007 PM 12892346 ER PT J AU Watkins, NJ Gao, Y AF Watkins, NJ Gao, Y TI Vacuum level alignment of pentacene on LiF/Au SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INTERFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; SURFACES; METALS; DEVICE; AL AB We examined the interfaces of pentacene on LiF/Au substrates as a function of LiF thickness. We found that, regardless of the thickness of LiF, upon pentacene deposition onto LiF, the pentacene vacuum level aligns with that of LiF. We also show that LiF exhibits an interface dipole when deposited onto Au and that the magnitude of the interface dipole increases as the LiF thickness increases. The change in vacuum level as a function of LiF thickness allows the Fermi level position within the band gap of pentacene to be moved from 0.5 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital to 2.1 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital. This produces a hole injection barrier of 0.5 eV at the pentacene/Au interface and an electron injection barrier of 0.1 eV at the pentacene/40-A-LiF/Au interface. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Watkins, NJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ygao@pas.rochester.edu NR 19 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 1289 EP 1291 DI 10.1063/1.1585112 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695QR UT WOS:000183842200070 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R AF Roland, CM Casalini, R TI Temperature dependence of local segmental motion in polystyrene and its variation with molecular weight SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; TERMINAL RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; FRAGILE LIQUIDS; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; BRIEF CRITIQUE; POLYMERS AB Dielectric measurements are reported for the alpha-relaxation in polystyrene (PS) of varying molecular weights. Although the segmental relaxation dispersion was essentially invariant to M-w, the T-g-normalized temperature dependence (fragility) increases systematically with molecular weight. The latter result corroborates dynamic mechanical and light scattering studies, but is at odds with the reported (T-T-g) superpositioning of the shift factors for the recoverable creep compliance of PS. The failure of the dielectric relaxations time to superimpose when expressed as a function of T-T-g is consistent with the analysis of equation of state data for PS. We find that volume is not the dominant control variable, and in fact, temperature exerts a stronger influence on the relaxation times. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Chem Div Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Chem Div Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 59 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1838 EP 1842 DI 10.1063/1.1581850 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 696YL UT WOS:000183915100059 ER PT J AU Takimoto, CH Remick, SC Sharma, S Mani, S Ramanathan, RK Doroshow, J Hamilton, A Mulkerin, D Graham, M Lockwood, GF Ivy, P Egorin, M Schuler, B Greenslade, D Goetz, A Knight, R Thomas, R Monahan, BP Dahut, W Grem, JL AF Takimoto, CH Remick, SC Sharma, S Mani, S Ramanathan, RK Doroshow, J Hamilton, A Mulkerin, D Graham, M Lockwood, GF Ivy, P Egorin, M Schuler, B Greenslade, D Goetz, A Knight, R Thomas, R Monahan, BP Dahut, W Grem, JL TI Dose-escalating and pharmacological study of oxaliplatin in adult cancer patients with impaired renal function: A National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-SURFACE AREA; CELL-LINES; OVARIAN-CANCER; SINGLE-AGENT; PHASE-II; PLATINUM; CISPLATIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; CARBOPLATIN; RESISTANCE AB Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the toxicities, phormacokinetics, and maximum tolerated doses of oxaliplatin in patients with renal impairment and to develop formal guidelines for oxaliplatin dosing in this patient population. Patients and Methods: Thirty-seven adult cancer patients with variable renal function received intravenous oxaliplatin at 60 to 130 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks. Patients were stratified by 24-hour creatinine clearance (CrCL) into four cohorts: group A (controls, CrCL greater than or equal to60 mL/min), group B (mild dysfunction, CrCL 40 to 59 mL/min), group C (moderate dysfunction, CrCl. 20 to 39 mL/min), and group D (severe dysfunction, CrCl. <20 mL/min). Doses were escalated in cohorts of three patients, and urine and plasma ultrafiltrates were assayed for platinum concentrations. Results: No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in any patient group during the first cycle of therapy. Escalation of oxaliplatin to the maximum dose of 130 mg/m(2) was well tolerated in all patient groups with a CrCl greater than or equal to20 mL/min (groups A, B, and C). Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that patients with decreased CrCl. had a corresponding decrease in the clearance of plasma ultrafiltrable platinum (r(2) = 0.765). However, oxaliplatin-induced side effects were not more common or severe in patients with mild to moderate renal dysfunction, despite the decrease in ultrafiltrable platinum clearance. Conclusion: Oxaliplatin at 130 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks is well tolerated by patients with mild to moderate degrees of renal dysfunction. These data strongly support the recommendation that dose reductions of single-agent oxaliplatin are not necessary in patients with a CrCl. greater than 20 mL/min. (C) 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. USN, Med Branch, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, Investigat Drug Branch, Canc Therapy Evaluat Program, Div Canc Treatment & Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Cleveland, OH USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Montefiore Hosp, Bronx, NY USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Sanofi Synthelabo Inc, Dept Clin Metab & Pharmacokinet, Malvern, PA USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Takimoto, CH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 7979 Wurzbach Rd,Rm Z415, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01CA062502, U01 CA062491, U01CA062491, U01CA062505, U01CA069853, U01CA069855, U01CA076642] NR 30 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 14 BP 2664 EP 2672 DI 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.015 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 702JB UT WOS:000184219800008 PM 12860942 ER PT J AU Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Harris, VG AF Calvin, S Carpenter, EE Harris, VG TI Characterization of passivated iron nanoparticles by x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; FILM AB Core/shell nanoparticles with both metallic iron and iron boron cores were synthesized via the reverse micellar method and characterized by x-ray absorption spectroscopy, employing x-ray absorption near edge structure and extended x-ray absorption fine structure in an integrated fashion. The particles were found to comprise an amorphous iron boron phase, a disordered iron oxide phase, and, in some cases, a crystalline bcc metallic iron phase. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvin, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6344, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.033411 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600037 ER PT J AU Lekka, CE Mehl, MJ Bernstein, N Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Lekka, CE Mehl, MJ Bernstein, N Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Tight-binding simulations of Nb surfaces and surface defects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CUBIC TRANSITION-METALS; TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NOBLE-METALS; NB(110); STATES; PD; NB(001); PHOTOEMISSION AB We study the properties of low-index Nb surfaces using the NRL-tightbinding (TB) method. We develop a new TB Hamiltonian for Nb using the basic NRL-TB framework with an expanded fitting database that includes additional bulk structures and frozen phonon calculations. The resulting Hamiltonian is validated by comparing to several bulk-zero-temperature and finite temperature properties. Using this Hamiltonian we simulate the three low-index surfaces, (001), (110), and (111), in slab geometries. We find that substantial slab thickness and Brillouin zone sampling is needed for convergence. Our results show that the surface layer contracts in agreement with experiment, and that the direction of relaxation of the near surface layers oscillates with depth. Both the magnitude of the surface layer contraction and the relaxed surface energies are in good agreement with available experiments and previous simulations. The electronic structure of the surface samples shows distinct surface bands near the Fermi level that are strongly affected by atomic relaxation. The surface phonon spectra show distinct features that correspond to the binding strength of the surface atoms. We also calculate the formation energies of surface defects including adatoms and vacancies. Relaxation around the defects usually involves mainly the first-neighbor atoms, except on the (111) surface where atoms in up to three layers under the defect move significantly. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lekka, CE (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035422 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600136 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Gonzalez, EM Mendez, EE Magno, R Bennett, BR Bracker, AS AF Lin, Y Gonzalez, EM Mendez, EE Magno, R Bennett, BR Bracker, AS TI Magnetotunneling between two-dimensional electron gases in InAs-AlSb-GaSb heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION; QUANTUM-WELLS; FIELD AB We have observed that the tunneling magnetoconductance between two-dimensional (2D) electron gases, formed at nominally identical InAs-AlSb interfaces, most often exhibits two sets of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with almost the same frequency. This result is explained quantitatively with a model of the conductance in which the 2D gases have different densities and can tunnel between Landau levels with different quantum indices. When the epitaxial growth conditions of the interfaces are optimized, the zero-bias magnetoconductance shows a single set of oscillations, thus proving that the asymmetry between the two electron gases can be eliminated. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP NTT Corp, Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan. EM Emilio.Mendez@sunysb.edu RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035311 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600083 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Pederson, MR Baruah, T Bernstein, N Hellberg, CS AF Kortus, J Pederson, MR Baruah, T Bernstein, N Hellberg, CS TI Density functional studies of single molecule magnets SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Molecule-Based Magnets (ICMM 2002) CY OCT 05-10, 2002 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN DE nanomagnets; single-molecule magnets; magnetic anisotropy; density-functional calculations; spin-orbit coupling ID V-15 SPIN SYSTEM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ANISOTROPY; APPROXIMATION; NANOMAGNETS; INTENSITIES; FORCES; FE-8 AB A method for the calculation of the second-order anisotropy parameters of single molecular magnets from the single particle orbitals is reviewed. We combine this method with density functional calculations to predict the magnetic anisotropy parameters of several single molecule magnets: Mn-12-acetate, Mn-10, CO4, Fe-4, Cr, and V-15. Comparison with available experimental data shows that it is possible to predict these values quite accurately from density functional wavefunctions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM j.kortus@fkf.mpg.de RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 35 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 14-17 BP 1871 EP 1876 DI 10.1016/S0277-5387(03)00160-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 709AB UT WOS:000184601600024 ER PT J AU Pan, YC Peng, ZH Melinger, JS AF Pan, YC Peng, ZH Melinger, JS TI Synthesis and optical properties of conjugated dendrimers with unsymmetrical branching SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE dendrimers; fluorescence; light-harvesting ID POLY(ARYL ETHER) DENDRIMERS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; DENDRONS; SIZE; CONVENIENT; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; CLEAVAGE; GROWTH AB An improved synthetic approach to conjugated monodendrons with unsymmetrical branching structures is reported. Dendrimers containing two or three such conjugated monodendrons are synthesized and their optical properties are studied. Such dendrimers exhibit broad absorptions and very high fluorescence quantum yields, making them promising candidates for applications in molecular-based photonics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peng, ZH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 5100 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM pengz@umkc.edu NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 29 BP 5495 EP 5506 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00827-5 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 701JR UT WOS:000184164900014 ER PT J AU Reid, EA Reid, JS Meier, MM Dunlap, MR Cliff, SS Broumas, A Perry, K Maring, H AF Reid, EA Reid, JS Meier, MM Dunlap, MR Cliff, SS Broumas, A Perry, K Maring, H TI Characterization of African dust transported to Puerto Rico by individual particle and size segregated bulk analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Sahara; dust; minerology; size distribution; particle morphology ID MINERAL AEROSOL; SAHARAN DUST; ATLANTIC; REGIONS; SHAPE; MASS AB [1] As part of the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE), airborne and surface dust particle samples from Africa were collected and subjected to bulk elemental and single-particle analysis. Airborne samples were collected on polycarbonate filters at various altitudes and underwent single-particle scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis with X-rays (EDAX) to derive elemental ratios of key soil elements. Particle chemistry was related to size and morphological characteristics. At the principle surface site, particles were collected on a Davis Rotating Drum (DRUM) cascade impactor strips in eight stages from 0.1 to 12 mum at 4 hour time resolution. These samples were subjected to X-ray florescence (XRF) to determine bulk elemental composition from Al through Zn. The elemental data showed good correlation between the DRUM and the aircraft samples. Cluster analysis of single-particle data resulted in 63 statistically significant clusters. Several clusters can be easily related to their parent mineralogical species. However, as dust particles are to a large extent aggregates, most clusters are based on a continuum of varied mineralogical species and cannot be easily categorized. With 60,500 total particles counted from the airborne filters, a statistically significant number of large particles could be analyzed. Estimated mean surface area modal diameter is similar to5 mum, with an average aspect ratio of 1.9. An apparent change in source region is seen in the morphological data and non alumino-silicate minerals but is not seen in the aluminum to silicon ratio. We suspect homogenization during long-range transport. C1 USN, Aerosol & Radiat Modeling Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Reid, EA (reprint author), USN, Aerosol & Radiat Modeling Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper St,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM reidb@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 25 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 12 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 8591 DI 10.1029/2002JD002935 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705YB UT WOS:000184423900003 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Jonsson, HH Maring, HB Smirnov, A Savoie, DL Cliff, SS Reid, EA Livingston, JM Meier, MM Dubovik, O Tsay, SC AF Reid, JS Jonsson, HH Maring, HB Smirnov, A Savoie, DL Cliff, SS Reid, EA Livingston, JM Meier, MM Dubovik, O Tsay, SC TI Comparison of size and morphological measurements of coarse mode dust particles from Africa SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE dust; measurement; impactor; optical particle counter; inversion; size distribution ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SKY BRIGHTNESS MEASUREMENTS; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE CHARACTERISTICS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; INDIVIDUAL-PARTICLE AB [1] A multitude of sensitivity studies in the literature point to the importance of proper chemical and morphological characterization of particles when the radiative impacts of airborne dusts are modeled. However, the community data set is based on heterogeneous measurement methods relying on varying aerodynamic, chemical, morphological, and optical means. During the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment, size distributions of dust particles from Africa were measured using a variety of aerodynamic, optical, and geometric means. Consistent with the literature, comparisons of these size distributions showed quite dissimilar results. "Measured'' volume median diameters varied from 2.5 to 9 mum for various geometric, aerodynamic, optical, and optical inversion methods. Aerodynamic systems showed mixed performance. Column integrated size distributions inverted from AERONET Sun/sky radiance data produced somewhat reasonable results in the coarse mode when given proper constraints and taken in the proper context. The largest systematic errors were found in optical particle counters due to insensitivities to particle size in the 4-10 mum region with further complications due to dust particle morphology and index of refraction issues. As these methods can produce quite dissimilar size distributions, considerable errors in calculated radiative properties can occur if incorrectly modeled into dust parameters. None of the methods compared in this study can adequately reproduce the measured mass extinction or mass scattering efficiency of the dust using spherical geometry methods. Given all of the uncertainties in the sizing methods, we promote the use of fundamental and quantifiable descriptors of particles such as mass as a function of aerodynamic diameter. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Calif Davis, DELTA Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. SRI Int, Palo Alto, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper St, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM reidj@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; NR 76 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 12 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 8593 DI 10.1029/2002JD002485 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705YB UT WOS:000184423900001 ER PT J AU Guillot, FM Balizer, E AF Guillot, FM Balizer, E TI Electrostrictive effect in polyurethanes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyurethanes; elastomers; stress; dielectric properties; electrostriction ID BENDING ELECTROSTRICTION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; POLYMER-FILMS; ELASTOMER; COEFFICIENTS AB Polyurethane electrostriction was investigated by measuring the tensile electromechanical coupling coefficients of structurally different materials. True values of the strain coefficients M-3311, M-3322, and M-3333 were obtained for four types of polymer: one commercial polyurethane (DOW 2103-80 AE) and three polyurethanes synthesized at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, including two phase-separated (PS) materials with molecular weights of 1000 and 2000 and one phase-mixed (PM) material with a molecular weight of 2000. Measurements were performed at 2 kHz under a bias field of 4 MV/m at room temperature. Measured values of M-3333 ranged from -9.4 x 10(-18) to -74.6 x 10(-18) m(2)/V-2, with the PM material exhibiting the largest coefficient. The electrostatic interaction (Maxwell stress) did not account for more than 15% of the total electromechanical activity in any of the materials. Furthermore, at the macroscopic level, an empirical relationship was established to predict the values of the electrostrictive coefficients from the dielectric constants and the compliance coefficients of the material. Finally, results indicated that, at the microscopic level, the phenomenon of electrostriction in polyurethanes could be best explained by the presence of charges inside the material (space-charge theory). (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Guillot, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 89 IS 2 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1002/app.12096 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 675RR UT WOS:000182709700016 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, R Rathore, D Fujioka, H Kumar, S de la Vega, P Haynes, D Moch, K Fryauff, D Wang, RB Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL AF Chattopadhyay, R Rathore, D Fujioka, H Kumar, S de la Vega, P Haynes, D Moch, K Fryauff, D Wang, RB Carucci, DJ Hoffman, SL TI PfSPATR, a Plasmodium falciparum protein containing an altered thrombospondin type I repeat domain is expressed at several stages of the parasite life cycle and is the target of inhibitory antibodies SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SPOROZOITES; VACCINE; GENE; SEQUENCE; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; GLYCOPROTEIN; MOSQUITOS AB The annotated sequence of chromosome 2 of Plasmodium falciparum was examined for genes encoding proteins that may be of interest for vaccine development. We describe here the characterization of a protein with an altered thrombospondin Type I repeat domain (PfSPATR) that is expressed in the sporozoite, asexual, and sexual erythrocytic stages of the parasite life cycle. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that this protein was expressed on the surface of the sporozoites and around the rhoptries in the asexual erythrocytic stage. An Escherichia coli-produced recombinant form of the protein bound to HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner and antibodies raised against this protein blocked the invasion of sporozoites into a transformed hepatoma cell line. Sera from Ghanaian adults and from a volunteer who had been immunized with radiation-attenuated P. falciparum sporozoites specifically recognized the expression of this protein on transfected COS-7 cells. These data support the evaluation of this protein as a vaccine candidate. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Sanaria, 308 Argosy Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 28 BP 25977 EP 25981 DI 10.1074/jbc.M300865200 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 697AN UT WOS:000183920200092 PM 12716913 ER PT J AU Blau, J Bouras, V Kalfoutzos, A Allgaier, G Fontana, T Crooker, PP Colson, WB AF Blau, J Bouras, V Kalfoutzos, A Allgaier, G Fontana, T Crooker, PP Colson, WB TI Simulations of high-power free electron lasers with strongly focused electron and optical beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free electron laser; high power laser AB A high-power free electron laser (FEL) is being designed in collaboration with Jefferson Laboratory, University of Maryland and Advanced Energy Systems, using short Rayleigh-length resonators to increase the spot size at the mirrors and hence avoid mirror damage. A short Rayleigh length implies a very small optical mode waist in the center of the cavity. It may be desirable to strongly focus the electron beam as well, to improve overlap with the intense optical fields in the interaction region. Three-dimensional simulations are used to study the effects of varying the electron beam radius and angular spread to enhance FEL gain and efficiency. The effects of off-axis shifting and tilting of the electron beam are also studied. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00834-9 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100010 ER PT J AU Colson, WB Blau, J Armstead, RL AF Colson, WB Blau, J Armstead, RL TI The free electron laser interaction with a short-Rayleigh-length optical mode SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free electron laser; optical resonator AB High-power, short-wavelength free electron lasers (FELs) can make use of a short-Rayleigh-length (SRL) optical mode in order to reduce the intensity on resonator mirrors. The conventional FEL interaction attempts to optimize the coupling between the electron beam and optical mode by minimizing the optical mode volume around the electron beam. In contrast, the SRL FEL focuses optical power in a small region of the undulator, which accelerates the electron bunching process. As a result, the fundamental FEL interaction is significantly altered with a rapidly changing optical field and phase along the undulator. Advantages and disadvantages of FELs designed with an SRL optical mode are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00835-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100011 ER PT J AU Crooker, PP Campbell, T Ossenfort, W Miller, S Blau, J Colson, W AF Crooker, PP Campbell, T Ossenfort, W Miller, S Blau, J Colson, W TI A study of the stability of a high-power free electron laser utilizing a short Rayleigh length SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free electron laser; high power laser ID FEL AB In order to avoid mirror damage on a high-power free electron laser (FEL), the design can utilize a short Rayleigh length optical cavity in combination with a short magnetic undulator. The short Rayleigh length increases the mode area and reduces the intensity at the mirrors, and also alters the basic FEL interaction and the stability of the laser itself. In particular, mirror misalignment may significantly affect the behavior of the cavity modes. We present simulations showing the effect of mirror tilt on the performance of 100 kW and 1 MW FEL designs with short Rayleigh lengths. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Colson, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00836-2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100012 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG AF Jensen, KL Feldman, DW O'Shea, PG TI Advanced photocathode simulation and theory SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE photoemission; field emission; Fowler Nordheim Equationl; dispenser photocathode ID FIELD-EMISSION; LASER AB A low work function dispenser type photocathode that is self-annealing or repairing would have a substantial impact on Free Electron Lasers (FELs). On such a cathode, the emitting surface is constantly renewed by replenishment of low-work-function material. A photo-dispenser cathode should operate at a relatively low temperature compared to a conventional dispenser cathode and is anticipated to be robust and long-lived. Coatings cause a reduction in the transport barrier experienced by the electrons through a complex modification of the potential at the surface, e.g., a reduction in work function due to dipole effects.. In this work, we describe our theoretical program to address such effects, as part of a program concurrent with experimental efforts to develop dispenser cathodes for use in high power RF photoinjectors. In particular, we discuss the development of a generalised Transmission Coefficient approach, its application to photoemission from metals, and progress towards developing a methodology for the determination of the general emission barrier profile. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Energy Res Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 238 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00852-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100053 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Hess, DW AF Bernstein, N Hess, DW TI Lattice trapping barriers to brittle fracture SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICON; CRACKS; SIMULATION; CLEAVAGE; CRYSTALS; DEFECTS; ENERGY; PHASES; ATOMS AB We present a multiscale simulation of a crack in silicon under tensile loading that is consistent with experiment; fracture is brittle with a modest lattice-trapping energy barrier to crack propagation. Our multiscale molecular-dynamics simulation has a tight-binding description of bonding near the crack tip embedded in an empirical-potential (EP) region. Forces on atoms in the tight-binding region are computed using a Green's function method. Comparing our multiscale simulation with EP simulations shows that the EP models severely overestimate lattice trapping, explaining the failure of the Griffith criterion and the dramatic differences in crack morphology. A two-length-scale model for the lattice-trapping energy barrier correctly predicts the critical load for brittle fracture. We argue that lattice trapping plays an important role in the brittle-to-ductile transition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 025501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.025501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000021 PM 12906485 ER PT J AU Cohen, AS Rottgering, HJA Kassim, NE Cotton, WD Perley, RA Wilman, R Best, P Pierre, M Birkinshaw, M Bremer, M Zanichelli, A AF Cohen, AS Rottgering, HJA Kassim, NE Cotton, WD Perley, RA Wilman, R Best, P Pierre, M Birkinshaw, M Bremer, M Zanichelli, A TI The low-frequency radio counterpart of the XMM large-scale structure survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; radio continuum : general ID EMISSION-LINE PROPERTIES; SOUTH GALACTIC CAP; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SKY SURVEY; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; SAMPLE; MHZ; SPECTRUM; CATALOG AB The XMM Large-Scale Structure Survey (XMM-LSS) is a major project to map the large-scale structure of the universe out to cosmological distances. An 8degrees x 8degrees region will be surveyed by XMM with planned optical follow-up to produce a three-dimensional map of many hundreds of clusters out to a redshift of z = 1. To explore the relation of the large-scale structure to the location and properties of extragalactic radio sources, the XMM-LSS project also includes a low-frequency radio survey of this region. This combination will provide unprecedented insight into how the radio source formation and evolution are affected by the local environment. Here we present preliminary results from our 325 and 74 MHz surveys in this region. At 325 MHz, we have a flux limit of 4 mJy beam(-1), a resolution of 6."3, and a total of 256 source detections over 5.6 deg(2). At 74 MHz, we have a flux limit of 275 mJy beam(-1), a resolution of 30", and a total of 211 source detections over 110 deg(2). We describe these results and explore what they tell us about the population of extragalactic low-frequency radio sources. The 74 MHz survey represents the first presentation of a deep, subarcminute resolution survey at such a low frequency. This was made possible by recent advances in both hardware and data reduction algorithms, which we describe in detail. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Ctr Etud Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. CNR, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Cohen, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Zanichelli, Alessandra/0000-0002-2893-023X NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 2 BP 640 EP 661 DI 10.1086/375397 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 698UF UT WOS:000184016700009 ER PT J AU Wang, LF Baade, D Hoflich, P Khokhlov, A Wheeler, JC Kasen, D Nugent, PE Perlmutter, S Fransson, C Lundqvist, P AF Wang, LF Baade, D Hoflich, P Khokhlov, A Wheeler, JC Kasen, D Nugent, PE Perlmutter, S Fransson, C Lundqvist, P TI Spectropolarimetry of SN 2001el in NGC 1448: Asphericity of a normal type Ia supernova SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 1448); supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2001el); techniques : polarimetric ID WHITE-DWARF MODELS; SN 1993J; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; BINARY-SYSTEMS; LIGHT CURVES; DARK ENERGY; POLARIZATION; DETONATION AB High-quality spectropolarimetry (range 417 - 860 nm; spectral resolution 1.27 nm and 0.265 nm pixel(-1)) of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2001el was obtained with the ESO Very Large Telescope Melipal (+ FORS1) at five epochs. The spectra a week before maximum and around maximum indicate photospheric expansion velocities of about 10,000 km s(-1). Prior to optical maximum, the linear polarization of the continuum was approximate to0.2% - 0.3% with a constant position angle, showing that SN 2001el has a well-defined axis of symmetry. The polarization was nearly undetectable a week after optical maximum. The spectra are similar to those of the normally bright SN 1994D, with the exception of a strong double-troughed absorption feature seen around 800 nm (FWHM about 22 nm). The 800 nm feature is probably due to the Ca II IR triplet at very high velocities (20,000 - 26,000 km s(-1)) involving similar to0.004 M-. of calcium and perhaps 0.1 M-. total mass. The 800 nm feature is distinct in velocity space from the photospheric Ca II IR triplet and has a significantly higher degree of polarization (approximate to0.7%) and different polarization angle than the continuum. Taken together, these aspects suggest that this high-velocity calcium is a kinematically distinct feature with the matter distributed in a. lament, torus, or array of "blobs'' almost edge-on to the line of sight. This feature could thus be an important clue to the binary nature of SNe Ia, perhaps associated with an accretion disk, or to the nature of the thermonuclear burning, perhaps representing a stream of material ballistically ejected from the site of the deflagration to detonation transition. If modeled in terms of an oblate spheroid, the continuum polarization implies a minor to major axis ratio of around 0.9 if seen equator-on; this level of asymmetry would produce an absolute luminosity dispersion of about 0.1 mag when viewed at different viewing angles. If typical for SNe Ia, this would create an rms scatter of several hundredths of a magnitude around the mean brightness decline relation. We discuss the possible implications of this scatter for the high-precision measurements required to determine the cosmological equation of state. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab 50 232, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AlbaNova, Stockholm Observ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Wang, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab 50 232, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 70 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 2 BP 1110 EP 1128 DI 10.1086/375444 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 698UF UT WOS:000184016700045 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI Modeling the Sun's large-scale magnetic field during the Maunder minimum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID MERIDIONAL FLOW; FLUX TRANSPORT; SOLAR-WIND; ROTATION; CYCLE; INTERPLANETARY; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION AB We use a flux transport model to simulate the evolution of the Sun's magnetic dipole moment, polar fields, and open flux under Maunder minimum conditions. Even when the rate of active region emergence is taken to be a factor of similar to30 smaller than in recent solar cycles, regular polarity oscillations of the axial dipole and polar fields can be maintained if the speed of the poleward surface flow is reduced from similar to20 to similar to10 m s(-1) and the source flux emerges at very low latitudes (similar to10degrees). The axial dipole is then found to have an amplitude of the order of 0.5 G, as compared with similar to4 G during solar cycle 21. The strength of the radial interplanetary field component at Earth is estimated to be in the range similar to 0.3 - 0.7 nT, about a factor of 7 lower than contemporary values. We discuss the implications of these weak fields for our understanding of geomagnetic activity and cosmic-ray modulation during the Maunder minimum. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 2 BP 1248 EP 1256 DI 10.1086/375449 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 698UF UT WOS:000184016700055 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Feldman, U AF Laming, JM Feldman, U TI The variability of the solar coronal helium abundance: Polar coronal holes compared to the quiet Sun SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; TRANSITION REGION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; WIND-SPEED; ATMOSPHERE; PLASMA; SUMER AB We report on measurements of the abundance ratio He/H in solar polar coronal holes and neighboring quiet coronal regions, using the SUMER spectrometer on board SOHO. In coronal holes we find He abundances smaller than or equal to the value found in the fast solar wind, 5% by number relative to H, suggesting that the flow speed of He up into the wind is equal to or greater than the flow speed for H in the regions we observe. Going to regions above quiet solar corona, we find similar He abundances at altitudes of 50" or more, with some indication that the He abundance is increased toward its photospheric value of 8.5% relative to H lower down. We take this to indicate that the He abundance in open-field regions of the corona is never higher than 5% ( as observed in the solar wind), but that in low-lying, closed magnetic field regions higher abundances may result. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 2 BP 1257 EP 1266 DI 10.1086/375395 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 698UF UT WOS:000184016700056 ER PT J AU Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ Pauchard, A Bitter, M Pan, Z Hodge, L Hummel, SG Lo, YH AF Tulchinsky, DA Williams, KJ Pauchard, A Bitter, M Pan, Z Hodge, L Hummel, SG Lo, YH TI High-power InGaAs-on-Si pin RF photodiodes SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODETECTORS AB High-power InGaAs-on-Si RF pin photodetectors are demonstrated. These diodes dissipate upwards of 640 mW of electrical power, have small-signal compression currents of 91.4 mA at 200 MHz and 71.5 mA at 300 MHz, and dark currents are measured to be less than 10 nA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Crystals Inc, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 14 BP 1084 EP 1086 DI 10.1049/el:200306932 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 703HF UT WOS:000184273400038 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ AF Gao, BC Kaufman, YJ TI Water vapor retrievals using moderate resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) near-infrared channels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE water vapor; remote sensing; MODIS; terrestrial atmosphere ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; PRECIPITABLE WATER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; INSTRUMENT; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; AEROSOL; CLOUDS; EARTH AB [1] At present, two Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the NASA Terra and Aqua Spacecraft platforms are operational for global remote sensing of the land, ocean, and atmosphere. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for water vapor derivations using several MODIS near-IR channels. The derivations are made over areas that have reflective surfaces in the near-IR, such as clear land areas, clouds, and oceanic areas with Sun glint. The algorithm relies on observations of water vapor attenuation of near-IR solar radiation reflected by surfaces and clouds. Techniques employing ratios of water vapor absorbing channels centered near 0.905, 0.936, and 0.940 mm with atmospheric window channels at 0.865 and 1.24 mm are used. The ratios partially remove the effects of variation of surface reflectance with wavelengths and result in the atmospheric water vapor transmittances. The column water vapor amounts are derived from the transmittances based on theoretical calculations and using lookup table procedures. Typical errors in the derived water vapor values are in the range between 5% and 10%. The daily "pixel-based'' near-IR water vapor product, which is a standard MODIS level 2 data product, at the 1-km spatial resolution of the MODIS instrument, and the daily, 8-day, and monthly near-IR water vapor products, which are standard MODIS level 3 products, at a 1degrees by 1degrees latitude-longitude grid globally are now routinely produced at a NASA computing facility. We present samples of water vapor images and comparisons to ground-based measurements by microwave radiometers. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Climate & Radiat Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@nrl.navy.mil NR 33 TC 175 Z9 187 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 4389 DI 10.1029/2002JD003023 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704KP UT WOS:000184339100003 ER PT J AU Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Gomez, RM Hicks, BC Russell, JM Connor, BJ AF Nedoluha, GE Bevilacqua, RM Gomez, RM Hicks, BC Russell, JM Connor, BJ TI An evaluation of trends in middle atmospheric water vapor as measured by HALOE, WVMS, and POAM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE water vapor; middle atmosphere; trends ID MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTROMETER; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; STRATOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; OZONE; TRANSPORT; INCREASES; METHANE; CLIMATE; CH4 AB [1] We compare middle atmospheric water vapor measurements from the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Water Vapor Mm-wave Spectrometer (WVMS), and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurements (POAM) instruments. Coincident WVMS and HALOE data are compared at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) sites at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (19.5N, 204.4E), from 1996-2002 and at Lauder, New Zealand (45.0S, 169.7E), from 1994-2002. We find that, at most altitudes, there is no significant instrumental drift between the HALOE measurements and the measurements obtained from the two WVMS instruments over these time periods. We also find that at altitudes below similar to60 km, where the solar cycle effects are unimportant, there were no significant trends in either the HALOE or WVMS data sets over the periods of intercomparison. This is in marked contrast to the early 1990s where large trends (2%/year) were obtained from both HALOE and WVMS measurements. Similarly, we compare the HALOE data with the high-latitude 1998-2002 POAM data set at equivalent latitudes from 45N-55N. Again, the trends are small, and the instrumental trend differences are at most only slightly >1sigma. We also look at the HALOE water vapor and H2O + 2CH(4) data globally and find that, after a large increase from 1991-1995, there is almost no trend below similar to60 km from 1996-2002. The water vapor trend over the entire HALOE measurement period (1991-2002) is <1%/year. The unusual stratospheric dynamics at the beginning of the 1990s caused large changes in upper stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapor that were unrelated to the amount of water vapor entering the stratosphere, hence in this region the less dynamically sensitive quantity H2O + 2CH(4) probably provides a better measure of water vapor entering the stratosphere during this period. The trend in H2O + 2CH(4) over the 1991-2002 HALOE measurements period is similar to 0.5%/year. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Nedoluha, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 4391 DI 10.1029/2002JD003332 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704KP UT WOS:000184339100004 ER PT J AU Elliot, JL Ates, A Babcock, BA Bosh, AS Buie, MW Clancy, KB Dunham, EW Eikenberry, SS Hall, DT Kern, SD Leggett, SK Levine, SE Moon, DS Olkin, CB Osip, DJ Pasachoff, JM Penprase, BE Person, MJ Qu, S Rayner, JT Roberts, LC Salyk, CV Souza, SP Stone, RC Taylor, BW Tholen, DJ Thomas-Osip, JE Ticehurst, DR Wasserman, LH AF Elliot, JL Ates, A Babcock, BA Bosh, AS Buie, MW Clancy, KB Dunham, EW Eikenberry, SS Hall, DT Kern, SD Leggett, SK Levine, SE Moon, DS Olkin, CB Osip, DJ Pasachoff, JM Penprase, BE Person, MJ Qu, S Rayner, JT Roberts, LC Salyk, CV Souza, SP Stone, RC Taylor, BW Tholen, DJ Thomas-Osip, JE Ticehurst, DR Wasserman, LH TI The recent expansion of Pluto's atmosphere SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STELLAR OCCULTATION; PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; ABSORPTION; PRESSURE; TRITON; MODELS AB Stellar occultations - the passing of a relatively nearby body in front of a background star - can be used to probe the atmosphere of the closer body with a spatial resolution of a few kilometres (ref. 1). Such observations can yield the scale height, temperature profile, and other information about the structure of the occulting atmosphere. Occultation data acquired for Pluto's atmosphere in 1988 revealed a nearly isothermal atmosphere(2) above a radius of similar to1,215 km. Below this level, the data could be interpreted as indicating either an extinction layer or the onset of a large thermal gradient, calling into question the fundamental structure of this atmosphere. Another question is to what extent Pluto's atmosphere might be collapsing as it recedes from the Sun ( passing perihelion in 1989 in its 248-year orbital period), owing to the extreme sensitivity of the equilibrium surface pressure to the surface temperature. Here we report observations at a variety of visible and infrared wavelengths of an occultation of a star by Pluto in August 2002. These data reveal evidence for extinction in Pluto's atmosphere and show that it has indeed changed, having expanded rather than collapsed, since 1988. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Pomona Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Williams Coll, Hopkins Observ, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Boeing Co, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NASA Infrared Telescope Facil, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Elliot, JL (reprint author), Carnegie Observ, Las Campanas Observ, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile. OI Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989 NR 30 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6945 BP 165 EP 168 DI 10.1038/nature01762 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 699AA UT WOS:000184032700034 PM 12853949 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ Bian, L Zhou, XJ AF Gao, ZQ Bian, L Zhou, XJ TI Measurements of turbulent transfer in the near-surface layer over a rice paddy in China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE measurements; turbulent transfer; rice paddy ID SENSIBLE HEAT FLUXES; WATER-VAPOR TRANSFER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENERGY-BALANCE; PARAMETERIZATION; ROUGHNESS; MODELS; TEMPERATURE; FIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB [1] Eddy covariance measurements were conducted on fluxes of moisture, heat, and CO2 in a near-surface layer over a rice paddy in the central plain of China from 10 June to 20 July 2001. During this period, the canopy height increased from 0.16 to 0.65 m. The study site, typical of the agricultural region in China, was similar to600 m x 600 m, was surrounded by similar rice paddies and was flooded throughout the entire experiment. We estimated the zero plane displacement and the roughness length at the end of the experiment to be 0.43 m and 0.027 m, respectively. Aerodynamic roughness length increased with increasing wind speed when the rice height was >0.5 m. On the basis of footprint analysis, we expected >90% of the measured flux (at a height of 3 m above water) to occur within the nearest 600 m of upwind area. We examined daily and seasonal variations in the components of the surface energy balance and in CO2 flux. Results show that the pattern of energy partition had no obvious variation during the season. Daytime absorption and nighttime release of CO2 flux by the rice paddy gradually increased as the rice grew. We examined the energy budget closure and found it to be around 0.91. We tested the extended Louis scheme using eddy covariance techniques. It estimated surface stress in good agreement with direct measurements. However, on average, this scheme underestimated sensible heat flux by 10% and latent heat flux by 11%. C1 Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Room 263,589 Dryer, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zgao@nps.navy.mil; blg@cams.cma.gov.cn; cams@public.bta.net.cn NR 56 TC 20 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 4387 DI 10.1029/2002JD002779 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704KL UT WOS:000184338800001 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Roland, CM TI Pressure evolution of the excess wing in a type-B glass former SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BETA-RELAXATION; CRESOLPHTHALEIN-DIMETHYLETHER; ALPHA-RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC LOSS; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; TRANSITION AB Glass formers are defined as "type B" when they exhibit a distinct Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation, but lack an excess loss ("excess wing," EW) in their structural relaxation peak. By studying the dielectric spectra of a well-known type-B glass former under high pressure, we unequivocally show the existence of an EW, simultaneously with the JG relaxation. Moreover, at very high pressures (0.6 GPa), the EW becomes a distinct relaxation peak, although correlated with the structural relaxation. The implication is that the EW, rather than the higher frequency relaxation ascribed to the JG process, is perhaps a universal feature of glass formers, albeit not always discernible at ambient pressure. Our findings may reconcile all opposing points of view present in the literature, as well as indicate that the type-A or type-B classification of glass formers should be modified or even discontinued. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM casalini@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; roland@nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 015702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.015702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400033 PM 12906552 ER PT J AU Fanning, SL Czesny, B Sedegah, M Carucci, DJ van Gemert, GJ Eling, W Williamson, KC AF Fanning, SL Czesny, B Sedegah, M Carucci, DJ van Gemert, GJ Eling, W Williamson, KC TI A glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor signal sequence enhances the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding Plasmodium falciparum sexual-stage antigen, Pfs230 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria; DNA vaccine; transmission-blocking ID TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING IMMUNITY; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; CELLS; IMMUNIZATION; DOMAINS; IDENTIFICATION; CANDIDATE; INDUCTION AB Mammalian expression vectors encoding region C of malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate Pfs230 (aa 443-1132) with and without a 3' glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor signal sequence were tested for their immunogenicity in mice. The plasmid containing the GPI anchor signal sequence consistently induced higher titers of anti-Pfs230 antibodies using three delivery systems: intramuscular (i.m.), intradermal (i.d.), and gene gun (g.g.). In contrast, the isotype profile elicited varied depending on the delivery system and was not effected by the presence of the GPI anchor sequence. Both gene gun and intradermal administration induced primarily an IgG1 response, while intramuscular injection induced both IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies. Regardless of the mode of delivery, all the plasmids encoding Pfs230 region C primed for a mixed IgG1/IgG2a response to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of E. coli-produced recombinant Pfs230 region C. None of these vaccination strategies were more effective than r230/MBP.C alone in generating malaria transmission-blocking immunity. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Nijmegen, Dept Biol Mol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Williamson, KC (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI40592-02] NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 23 BP 3228 EP 3235 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00265-2 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 699EP UT WOS:000184043200019 PM 12804852 ER PT J AU Livingston, JM Russell, PB Reid, JS Redemann, J Schmid, B Allen, DA Torres, O Levy, RC Remer, LA Holben, BN Smirnov, A Dubovik, O Welton, EJ Campbell, JR Wang, J Christopher, SA AF Livingston, JM Russell, PB Reid, JS Redemann, J Schmid, B Allen, DA Torres, O Levy, RC Remer, LA Holben, BN Smirnov, A Dubovik, O Welton, EJ Campbell, JR Wang, J Christopher, SA TI Airborne Sun photometer measurements of aerosol optical depth and columnar water vapor during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment and comparison with land, aircraft, and satellite measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE PRIDE; airborne Sun photometer; aerosol optical depth; columnar water vapor; AATS-6 ID BACKSCATTERED ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER; BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SAHARAN DUST; IN-SITU; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MINERAL AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; SUNPHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS AB [1] Analyses of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and columnar water vapor (CWV) measurements obtained with the six-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-6) mounted on a twin-engine aircraft during the summer 2000 Puerto Rico Dust Experiment are presented. In general, aerosol extinction values calculated from AATS-6 AOD measurements acquired during aircraft profiles up to 5 km above sea level (asl) reproduce the vertical structure measured by coincident aircraft in situ measurements of total aerosol number concentration. AATS-6 extinction retrievals also agree with corresponding values derived from ground-based lidar measurements for altitudes above the trade inversion. The spectral behavior of AOD within specific layers beneath the top of the aircraft profile is consistent with attenuation of incoming solar radiation by large dust particles or by dust plus sea salt, with mean Angstrom wavelength exponents of similar to0.20. Values of CWV calculated from profile measurements by AATS-6 at 941.9 nm and from aircraft in situ measurements agree to within similar to4% (0.13 g/cm(2)). AATS-6 AOD values measured on the ground at Roosevelt Roads Naval Air Station and during low-altitude aircraft runs over the adjacent Cabras Island aerosol/radiation ground site agree to within 0.004-0.030 with coincident data obtained with an AERONET Sun/sky radiometer located on Cabras Island. For the same observation times, AERONET retrievals of CWV exceed AATS-6 values by similar to21%. AATS-6 AOD values measured during low-altitude aircraft traverses over the ocean are compared with corresponding AOD values retrieved over water from upwelling radiance measurements by the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and GOES 8 Imager satellite sensors, with mixed results. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Terr Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Livingston, JM (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM jlivingston@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490 NR 92 TC 29 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 8588 DI 10.1029/2002JD002520 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 698MU UT WOS:000184004000001 ER PT J AU Ott, JD Oran, ES Anderson, JD AF Ott, JD Oran, ES Anderson, JD TI A mechanism for flame acceleration in narrow tubes SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TO-DETONATION TRANSITION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SHOCK; PROPAGATION C1 Combust Res & Flow Technol, Dublin, PA 18917 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Aeronaut Div, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ott, JD (reprint author), Combust Res & Flow Technol, 174 N Main St,Bldg 3,POB 1150, Dublin, PA 18917 USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1391 EP 1396 DI 10.2514/2.2088 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 698GR UT WOS:000183990800022 ER PT J AU Quinlan, JD Hili, DA AF Quinlan, JD Hili, DA TI Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID HYPEREMESIS-GRAVIDARUM; CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; MORNING SICKNESS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ACUPRESSURE; EFFICACY; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; GINGER AB Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, commonly known as "morning sickness," affects approximately 80 percent of pregnant women. Although several theories have been proposed, the exact cause remains unclear. Recent research has implicated Helicobacter pylori as one possible cause. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is generally a mild, self-limited condition that may be controlled with conservative measures. A small percentage of pregnant women have a more profound course, with the, most severe form being hyperemesis gravidarum. Unlike morning sickness, hyperemesis gravidarum may have negative implications for maternal and fetal health. Physicians should carefully evaluate patients with nonresolving or worsening symptoms to rule out the most common pregnancy-related and nonpregnancy-related causes of severe vomiting. Once pathologic causes have been ruled out, treatment is individualized. initial treatment should be conservative and, should involve dietary changes, emotional support, and perhaps alternative therapy such as ginger or acupressure. Women with more complicated nausea and vomiting of pregnancy also may need pharmacologic therapy. Several medications, including pyridoxine and doxylamine, have been shown to be safe and effective treatments. Pregnant women who have severe vomiting may require hospitalization, orally or intravenously administered corticosteroid therapy, and total parenteral nutrition. C1 USN Hosp, Family Practice Residency Program, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. Florida Hosp Med Ctr, Family Practice Residency Program, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Quinlan, JD (reprint author), USN Hosp, Family Practice Residency Program, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 38 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 702DR UT WOS:000184210300010 PM 12887118 ER PT J AU Keenihan, SNH Ratiwayanto, S Soebianto, S Krisin Marwoto, H Krishnegowda, G Gowda, DC Bangs, MJ Fryauff, DJ Richie, TL Kumar, S Baird, JK AF Keenihan, SNH Ratiwayanto, S Soebianto, S Krisin Marwoto, H Krishnegowda, G Gowda, DC Bangs, MJ Fryauff, DJ Richie, TL Kumar, S Baird, JK TI Age-dependent impairment of IgG responses to glycosylphosphatidylinositol with equal exposure to Plasmodium falciparum among Javanese migrants to Papua, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene ID VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MALARIA; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNITY; TOXIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION AB Immune responses directed at glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors of Plasmodium falciparum may offer protection against symptomatic malaria. To independently explore the effect of age on generation of the anti-GPI IgG response, we measured serum anti-GPI IgGs in a longitudinal cohort of migrant Javanese children (6-12 years old) and adults (greater than or equal to 20 years old) with equivalent numbers of exposures to P. falciparum in Papua, Indonesia. While the peak response in adults was achieved after a single infection, comparable responses in children required greater than or equal to 3-4 infections. Significantly fewer children (16%) than adults (41%) showed a high (optical density > 0.44) anti-GPI IgG response (odds ratio [OR] = 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3-6.3, P < 0.0001), and adults were more likely to show a persistently high response (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.0-56.8, P = 0.03). However, the minority of children showing a strong response were significantly less likely to experience symptoms with subsequent parasitemia compared with those with a weak response (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.1-13.8, P = 0.02). This effect was not seen among high- and low-responding adults (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.5-2.8, P = 0.60). Host age, independent of cumulative exposure, apparently represents a key determinant of the quantitative and qualitative nature of the IgG response to P. falciparum GPI. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Minist Hlth Res & Dev, Infect Dis Med Res Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Keenihan, SNH (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Amer Embassy Jakarta, FPO, AP 96520 USA. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 706WC UT WOS:000184477200009 ER PT J AU Russell, KL Gonzalez, MAM Watts, DM Lagos-Figueroa, RC Chauca, G Ore, M Gonzalez, JE Moron, C Tesh, RB Vinetz, JM AF Russell, KL Gonzalez, MAM Watts, DM Lagos-Figueroa, RC Chauca, G Ore, M Gonzalez, JE Moron, C Tesh, RB Vinetz, JM TI An outbreak of leptospirosis among Peruvian military recruits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; ARMY TROOPS; REGION; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; PERSONNEL; FEVER; TESTS AB Acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses are common in tropical developing countries but are difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone. Leptospirosis is rarely diagnosed, despite evidence that sporadic cases and epidemics continue to occur worldwide. The purpose of this study was to diagnose an outbreak of acute undifferentiated febrile illness among Peruvian military recruits that developed after a training exercise in the high jungle rainforest of Peru. Of 193 military recruits, 78 developed an acute febrile illness with varied manifestations. Of these, 72 were found to have acute leptospirosis by a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Leptospira biflexa antigen was insensitive for the detection of anti-leptospiral IgM antibodies compared with the MAT (20 of 72, 28%). This outbreak of acute undifferentiated febrile illness among Peruvian military recruits was due to leptospirosis. High clinical suspicion, initiation of preventative measures, and performance of appropriate diagnostic testing is warranted in similar settings to identify, treat, and prevent leptospirosis. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Lima, Peru. Peruvian Army, Tech Sch, Lima, Peru. Mil Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Lima, Peru. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Russell, KL (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Vinetz, Joseph/0000-0001-8344-2004 FU FIC NIH HHS [1R01TW005860-01] NR 26 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 706WC UT WOS:000184477200012 PM 12932097 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Marienau, KJ May, LA Beecham, HJ Wilkinson, R Ching, WM Richards, AL AF Jiang, J Marienau, KJ May, LA Beecham, HJ Wilkinson, R Ching, WM Richards, AL TI Laboratory diagnosis of two scrub typhus outbreaks at Camp Fuji, Japan in 2000 and 2001 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rapid flow assay, and Western blot assay using outer membrane 56-kD recombinant proteins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; ANTIGEN R56; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; INDONESIA; THAILAND; DISEASES; ILLNESS AB Two scrub typhus outbreaks occurred among U.S. Marines training at Camp Fuji, Japan, between October 25 and November 3, 2000 and October 17 and November 30, 2001. Nine cases in approximately 800 Marines in 2000 and eight cases in approximately 900 Marines in 2001 (approximate attack rates = 1.1% and 0.9%, respectively) reported with signs and symptoms of fever, rash, headache, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, and eschar. Serologies and rapid response to doxycycline treatment indicated they had scrub typhus. Sixty-four convalescent serum samples (18 suspected cases and 46 negative controls) from U.S. Marines training at Camp Fuji during the outbreaks were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rapid flow assay (RFA), and Western blot assay for evidence of infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. All but one suspected case had serologic evidence of scrub typhus and all 46 control sera were non-reactive to O. tsutsugamushi antigens. The recombinant 56-kD antigen (r56) from the Karp, Kato and Gilliam strains of O. tsutsugamushi in an ELISA format provided better results than Karp r56 alone (ELISA and RFA) or whole cell antigen preparation from Karp, Kato and Gilliam (ELISA). C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Environm Prevent Med Unit 6, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. PANBIO Ltd, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3A19, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Wilkinson, Ray/J-3171-2014 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 706WC UT WOS:000184477200014 PM 12932099 ER PT J AU Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED AF Garland, CF Garland, FC Gorham, ED TI Epidemiologic evidence for different roles of ultraviolet A and B radiation in melanoma mortality rates SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malignant melanoma; epidemiology; ultraviolet A; ultraviolet B; international comparisons; mortality rates ID CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; SUN EXPOSURE; HUMAN-SKIN; SUNSCREEN USE; RISK-FACTORS; SUNLIGHT-EXPOSURE; PIGMENTARY TRAITS; UNITED-STATES; PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS AB PURPOSE: The action spectrum of ultraviolet radiation mainly responsible for melanoma induction is unknown, but evidence suggests it could be ultraviolet A (UVA), which has a different geographic distribution than ultraviolet B (UVB). This study assessed whether melanoma mortality rates are more closely related to the global distribution of UVA or UVB. METHODS: UVA and UVB radiation and age-adjusted melanoma mortality rates were obtained for all 45 countries reporting cancer data to the World Health Organization. Stratospheric ozone data were obtained from NASA satellites. Average population skin pigmentation was obtained from skin reflectometry measurements. RESULTS: Paradoxically, melanoma mortality rates decreased with increasing UVB in men (r = -0.48, p < 0.001), and women (r = -0.57, p < 0.001), and with increasing UVA in both sexes. By contrast, rates were positively associated with increasing UVA/UVB ratio in men (r = + 0.49, p < 0.001) and women (r = + 0.55, p < 0.001). After multiple adjustment that included controlling for skin pigmentation, only UVA was associated with melanoma mortality rates in men (p < 0.02) with a suggestive but non-significant trend present in women (P = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: UVA radiation was associated with melanoma mortality rates after controlling for UVB and average pigmentation. The results require confirmation in observational studies. Ann Epidemiol 2003; 13:395-404. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Garland, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 0631C,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 61 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00461-1 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 704YV UT WOS:000184370300001 PM 12875796 ER PT J AU Greason, KL Miller, DL Clay, RP Deschamps, C Johnson, CH Allen, MS Trastek, VF Pairolero, PC AF Greason, KL Miller, DL Clay, RP Deschamps, C Johnson, CH Allen, MS Trastek, VF Pairolero, PC TI Management of the irradiated bronchus after lobectomy for lung cancer SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY; RADIATION-THERAPY; MUSCLE FLAPS; SURGICAL RESECTION; STAGE-IIIA; SURGERY; TRIAL; COMPLICATIONS; RADIOTHERAPY; MORBIDITY AB Background. Radiation effects make operative dissection difficult, impair subsequent healing, and increase morbidity. This study evaluates tissue reinforcement of the irradiated bronchus as a modality to reduce morbidity after lobectomy for lung cancer. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all patients who had preoperative radiotherapy before lobectomy for lung cancer between May 1977 and June 2000. Results. There were 56 patients (33 men and 23 women) who ranged in age from 42 to 80 years (median, 59 years). Bronchial stump reinforcement included no coverage in 24 patients (42.8%), mediastinal tissue (parietal pleura, pericardial fat, or azygos vein) in 16 (28.6%), and muscle (serratus anterior) in 16 (28.6%). Median preoperative radiation dose was 4,600 cGy (range, 3,000 to 9,810 cGy) and did not differ between the groups. There were three deaths (13%) in the no coverage group, one (6%) in the mediastinal tissue group, and one (6%) in the muscle group (NS). Pulmonary complication rate was 67% in the no coverage group, 44% in the mediastinal group, and 25% in the muscle group (p = 0.03). Median duration of chest tube drainage was 8 days in the no coverage group, 6 days in the mediastinal group, and 5 days in the muscle group (p = 0.006). Median hospital stay was 13 days in the no coverage group, 9 days in the mediastinal group, and 7 days in the muscle group (p = 0.02). Patients in the muscle group had reduced hospital stay, duration of chest tube drainage, and pulmonary complications compared with the other two groups (p < 0.05). Subjectively, presence and magnitude of postoperative pain, range of motion, and strength of the upper extremity of the muscle flap side were not different between the groups (p = NS). Follow-up was complete and ranged from 4 to 147 months (median, 17 months). Conclusions. Tissue reinforcement of the irradiated bronchus after lobectomy reduces postoperative morbidity and hospitalization. Transposition muscle flap may be preferred. (C) 2003 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Div Cardiothorac Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Gen Thorac Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Gen Thorac Surg, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Emory Clin, Sect Gen Thorac Surg, 1365 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 76 IS 1 BP 180 EP 185 AR PII S0003-4975(03)00320-5 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00320-5 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 697XK UT WOS:000183968400039 PM 12842536 ER PT J AU Novarini, JC Keiffer, RS Norton, GV AF Novarini, JC Keiffer, RS Norton, GV TI A hybrid model for the acoustic response of a two-dimensional rough surface to an impulse incident from a refracting medium SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE impulse response; refraction; surface scattering; reverberation ID DENSITY CONTRAST WEDGE; ASSEMBLAGE METHOD; RRA ALGORITHM; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; SPEEDS; SOUND AB A numerical model to calculate the impulse response of a two-dimensional, impenetrable, rough surface directly in the time domain has been recently introduced [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (2000) 107, 27]. This model is based on wedge diffraction theory and assumes that the half-space containing the source and receiver is homogeneous. In this work, the model is extended to handle media where the index of refraction varies with the distance to the surface by merging the scattering model with a ray-based propagation model. The resulting hybrid model is tested against a Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method for the problem of backscattering from a corrugated surface in the presence of a refractive layer. This new model can be applied, for example, to calculate acoustic reverberation from the sea surface in cases where the water mass is inhomogeneous and in the presence of a subsurface bubble layer at low frequencies where dispersion is negligible. It can also be used for atmospheric propagation problems where there is a sound speed gradient overlying rough terrain. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. RP Keiffer, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 64 IS 7 BP 655 EP 668 DI 10.1016/S0003-682X(03)00007-0 PG 14 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 664DQ UT WOS:000182046800002 ER PT J AU Keyser, C Schriever, G Richardson, M Turcu, E AF Keyser, C Schriever, G Richardson, M Turcu, E TI Studies of high-repetition-rate laser plasma EUV sources from droplet targets SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY AB The water droplet laser plasma source has been shown to have many attractive features as a continuous, almost debris-free source for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray applications. Through a dual experimental and theoretical study, we analyze the interaction physics between the laser light and the target. The hydrodynamic laser plasma simulation code, Medusa103 is used to model the electron density distribution for comparison to electron density distributions obtained through Abel inversion of plasma interferograms. In addition, flat field EUV spectra are compared to synthetic spectra calculated with the atomic physics code RATION. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. JMAR Res Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Richardson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s00339-003-2142-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688PM UT WOS:000183444500007 ER PT J AU Boboltz, DA Fey, AL Johnston, KJ Claussen, MJ de Vegt, C Zacharias, N Gaume, RA AF Boboltz, DA Fey, AL Johnston, KJ Claussen, MJ de Vegt, C Zacharias, N Gaume, RA TI Astrometric positions and proper motions of 19 radio stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; binaries : close; radio continuum; techniques : interferometric ID REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; UX ARI; SUITABILITY; CATALOG; SYSTEM; BINARY AB We have used the Very Large Array, linked with the Pie Town Very Long Baseline Array antenna, to determine the astrometric positions of 19 radio stars in the International Celestial Reference Frame ( ICRF). The positions of these stars were directly linked to the positions of distant quasars through phase-referencing observations. The positions of the ICRF quasars are known to 0.25 mas, thus providing an absolute reference at the angular resolution of our radio observations. Average values for the errors in our derived positions for all sources were 13 and 16 mas in alpha cos delta and delta, respectively, with accuracies approaching 1 - 2 mas for some of the stars observed. Differences between the ICRF positions of the 38 quasars and those measured from our observations showed no systematic offsets, with mean values of -0.3 mas in alpha cos delta and -1.0 mas in delta. Standard deviations of the quasar position differences of 17 and 11 mas in alpha cos delta and delta, respectively, are consistent with the mean position errors determined for the stars. Our measured positions were combined with previous Very Large Array measurements taken from 1978 to 1995 to determine the proper motions of 15 of the stars in our list. With mean errors of approximate to1.6 mas yr(-1), the accuracies of our proper motions approach those derived from Hipparcos and, for a few of the stars in our program, are better than the Hipparcos values. Comparing the positions of our radio stars with the Hipparcos Catalogue, we find that at the epoch of our observations, the two frames are aligned to within formal errors of approximately 3 mas. This result confirms that the Hipparcos frame is inertial at the expected level. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, D-201029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Boboltz, DA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 126 IS 1 BP 484 EP 493 DI 10.1086/375462 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 696UG UT WOS:000183905500041 ER PT J AU Szalay, AS Jain, B Matsubara, T Scranton, R Vogeley, MS Connolly, A Dodelson, S Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Johnston, D Kent, S Kerscher, M Loveday, J Meiksin, A Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH Munn, JR Peoples, J Pier, JR Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Szalay, AS Jain, B Matsubara, T Scranton, R Vogeley, MS Connolly, A Dodelson, S Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Johnston, D Kent, S Kerscher, M Loveday, J Meiksin, A Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH Munn, JR Peoples, J Pier, JR Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Karhunen-Loeve estimation of the power spectrum parameters from the angular distribution of galaxies in early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : formation; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis; methods : statistical ID SCALE INTERFEROMETER; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; SPACE; 2DF AB We present measurements of parameters of the three-dimensional power spectrum of galaxy clustering from 222 square degrees of early imaging data in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The projected galaxy distribution on the sky is expanded over a set of Karhunen-Loeve (KL) eigenfunctions, which optimize the signal-to-noise ratio in our analysis. A maximum likelihood analysis is used to estimate parameters that set the shape and amplitude of the three-dimensional power spectrum of galaxies in the SDSS magnitude-limited sample with r* < 21. Our best estimates are Gamma = 0.188 +/- 0.04 and sigma(8L) = 0.915 +/- 0.06 ( statistical errors only), for a. at universe with a cosmological constant. We demonstrate that our measurements contain signal from scales at or beyond the peak of the three-dimensional power spectrum. We discuss how the results scale with systematic uncertainties, like the radial selection function. We find that the central values satisfy the analytically estimated scaling relation. We have also explored the effects of evolutionary corrections, various truncations of the KL basis, seeing, sample size, and limiting magnitude. We find that the impact of most of these uncertainties stay within the 2 sigma uncertainties of our fiducial result. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CERN, IT Div, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Szalay, AS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1086/375264 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691QR UT WOS:000183617400001 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L AF Titarchuk, L TI Rayleigh-Taylor gravity waves and quasi-periodic oscillation phenomena in X-ray binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; MHD; stars : neutron; stars : oscillations; X-rays : binaries ID NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; SCORPIUS X-1; GRO J1655-40; WHITE-DWARF; FREQUENCY; DISCOVERY; FEATURES; VARIABILITY; 4U-1728-34 AB Accretion onto compact objects in X-ray binaries (black hole, neutron star [NS], white dwarf) is characterized by nonuniform flow density profiles. Such an effect of heterogeneity in the presence of gravitational forces and pressure gradients causes Rayleigh-Taylor gravity waves. They should be seen as quasi-periodic wave oscillations (QPOs) of the accretion flow in the transition (boundary) layer between the Keplerian disk and the central object. In this paper I show that the main QPO frequency, which is very close to the Keplerian frequency, is split into separate frequencies (hybrid and low branch) under the influence of the gravitational forces in the rotational frame of reference. The observed low and high QPO frequencies are an intrinsic signature of Rossby gravity waves (large-scale fluid motion in the rotational frame of reference). I elaborate the conditions for the density pro. le for which the gravity-wave oscillations are stable. A comparison of the inferred QPO frequencies with QPO observations is presented. I find that hectohertz frequencies detected from NS binaries can be identified as the low-branch frequencies of the gravity-wave oscillations. I also predict that an observer can see the double NS spin frequency (some sort of the Rossby wave phenomenon) during the NS long (super) burst events when the pressure gradients and buoyant forces are suppressed. The Coriolis force is the only force that acts in the rotational frame of reference, and its presence causes perfect coherent pulsations with a frequency twice that of the NS spin. The QPO observations of NS binaries have established that the high QPO frequencies do not go beyond a certain upper limit. I explain this observational effect as a result of the density pro. le inversions. In particular, I demonstrate that a particular problem of the gravity waves in the rotational frame of reference in the approximation of very small pressure gradients is reduced to the problem of the classical oscillator in the rotational frame of reference that was previously introduced and applied for the interpretation of the kHz QPO observations in our previous publications. The Rossby type of Rayleigh-Taylor gravity waves must be present, and the related QPOs should be detected in any system where the gravity, buoyancy, and Coriolis force effects cannot be excluded (even in the Earth and solar environments). C1 George Mason Univ, Naval Res Lab, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Naval Res Lab, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 1 BP 354 EP 360 DI 10.1086/367630 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691QR UT WOS:000183617400025 ER PT J AU Ng, CK Reames, DV Tylka, AJ AF Ng, CK Reames, DV Tylka, AJ TI Modeling shock-accelerated solar energetic particles coupled to interplanetary Alfven waves SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun : particle emission; waves ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; WEAKLY TURBULENT PLASMAS; COSMIC-RAY PROPAGATION; EJECTION-DRIVEN SHOCKS; IONIC CHARGE STATES; QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; TRAVELING SHOCKS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION AB We present an idealized model simulating the coupled evolution of the distributions of multispecies shock-accelerated energetic ions and interplanetary Alfven waves in gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Particle pitch-angle diffusion coefficients are expressed in terms of wave intensities, and wave growth rates in terms of momentum gradients of SEP distributions, by the same quasilinear theory augmented with resonance broadening. The model takes into consideration various physical processes: for SEPs, particle motion, magnetic focusing, scattering by Alfven waves, solar wind convection, and adiabatic deceleration; for the waves, WKB transport and amplification by streaming SEPs. Shock acceleration is heuristically represented by continuous injection of prescribed spectra of SEPs at a moving shock front. We show the model predictions for two contrasting sets of SEP source spectra, fast weakening and softening in one case and long lasting and hard in the other. The results presented include concurrent time histories of multispecies SEP intensities and elemental abundance ratios, as well as sequential snapshots of the following: SEP intensity energy spectra, Alfven wave spectra, particle mean free paths as functions of rigidity, and spatial profiles of SEP intensities and mean free paths. Wave growth plays a key role in both cases, although the magnitude of the wave growth differs greatly, and quite different SEP abundance variations are obtained. In these simulations, the maximum wave growth rate is large, but small relative to the wave frequency, and everywhere the total wave magnetic energy density remains small relative to that of the background magnetic field. The simulations show that, as the energetic protons stream outward, they rapidly amplify the ambient Alfven waves, by several orders of magnitude in the inner heliosphere. Energetic minor ions find themselves traveling through resonant Alfven waves previously amplified by higher velocity protons. The nonuniformly growing wave spectra alter the rigidity dependence of particle scattering, resulting in complex time variations of SEP abundances at large distances from the Sun. The greatly amplified waves travel outward in an expanding and weakening "shell," creating an expanding and falling "reservoir" of SEPs with. at spatial intensity profiles behind, while in and beyond the shell the intensities drop steeply. The wave-particle resonance relation dynamically links the evolving characteristics of the SEP and Alfven wave distributions in this new mode of SEP transport. We conclude that wave amplification, the counterpart to the scattering of streaming particles required by energy conservation, plays an essential role in the transport of SEPs in gradual SEP events. The steep proton-amplified wave spectra just upstream of the shock suggest that they may also be important in determining the elemental abundances of shock-accelerated SEP sources. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ng, CK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 91 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 1 BP 461 EP 485 DI 10.1086/375293 PN 1 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691QR UT WOS:000183617400036 ER PT J AU Schlegel, TT Wood, SJ Brown, TE Harm, DL Rupert, AH AF Schlegel, TT Wood, SJ Brown, TE Harm, DL Rupert, AH TI Effect of 30-min+3 Gz centrifugation on vestibular and autonomic cardiovascular function SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE orthostatic tolerance; otolith; baroreflex; Valsalva maneuver; motion sickness ID CARDIAC REFLEX RESPONSES; PARABOLIC FLIGHT; ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE; BAROREFLEX ADAPTATION; MOTION SICKNESS; POWER SPECTRA; TILT; MECHANISMS; EXPOSURE; SYNCOPE AB Introduction: Repeated exposure to increased +Gz enhances human baroreflex responsiveness and improves tolerance to cardiovascular stress. However, it is not known whether such enhancements might also result from a single, more prolonged exposure to increased +Gz. Our study was designed to investigate whether baroreflex function and orthostatic tolerance are acutely improved by a single prolonged exposure to +3 Gz, and moreover, whether changes in autonomic cardiovascular function resulting from exposure to increased +Gz are correlated with changes in otolith function. Methods: We exposed 15 healthy human subjects to +3 Gz centrifugation for up to 30 min or until symptoms of incipient G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) ensued. Tests of autonomic cardiovascular function both before and after centrifugation included: 1) power spectral determinations of beat-to-beat R-R intervals and arterial pressures; 2) carotid-cardiac baroreflex tests; 3) Valsalva tests; and 4) 30-min head-up tilt tests. Otolith function was assessed during centrifugation by the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex and both before and after centrifugation by measurements of ocular counterrolling and dynamic posturography. Results: Of the 15 subjects who underwent prolonged +3 G, 4 were intolerant to 30 min of head-up tilt before centrifugation but became tolerant to such tilt after centrifugation. The Valsalva-related baroreflex as well as a measure of the carotidcardiac baroreflex were also enhanced after centrifugation. No significant vestibular-autonomic relationships were detected beyond a vestibular-cerebrovascular interaction reported earlier in a subset of seven participants. Conclusions: A single prolonged exposure to +3 G centrifugation acutely improves baroreflex function and orthostatic tolerance. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Naval Air Stn, Pensacola, FL USA. Wyle Labs, Houston, TX USA. RP Schlegel, TT (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Human Adaptat & Countermeasures Off, Mail Code SK3, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 7 BP 717 EP 724 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 696RR UT WOS:000183901500004 PM 12862325 ER PT J AU Temme, LA Rupert, A AF Temme, LA Rupert, A TI The economic context for the development of "blind flight" SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE air mail; history; blind flight; instrument flight; Jimmy Doolittle AB On 24 September 1929, at Mitchel Field, Long Island, NY, Jimmy Doolittle performed the first so-called "blind flight." He executed a flight plan and landed using only cockpit instruments, a feat that culminated a research program supported by the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics. Contemporary aviation medicine, with its understanding of the challenges of spatial (dis)orientation, has a special understanding and appreciation of the complex human performance, medical and technical problems that had to be overcome to make instrument flight possible. It is likely that the problems would not have been solved unless a socioeconomic context provoked a sufficient motivation to address them. This paper outlines some of the economic factors that motivated the research and development necessary for instrument flight. These factors were the direct consequence of the sudden, huge explosion of the aviation industry caused by World War 1, and with the Armistice, the equally sudden loss of the industry's primary customer, the military. Finding a civilian role for aviation awaited the development of air mail, which, in turn, depended on the ability to fly according to a reliable schedule. The need to reliably adhere to a schedule forced the scientific and technological research needed to develop all-weather, blind flight. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Temme, LA (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 7 BP 779 EP 784 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 696RR UT WOS:000183901500014 PM 12862335 ER PT J AU Fahlman, A Kayar, SR AF Fahlman, A Kayar, SR TI Probabilistic modelling for estimating gas kinetics and decompression sickness risk in pigs during H-2 biochemical decompression SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ELIMINATION; RATS; HYDROGEN; LIKELIHOOD; OXYGEN; DIVES; TIME; SATURATION; HELIUM; AIR AB We modelled the kinetics of H-2 flux during gas uptake and elimination in conscious pigs exposed to hyperbaric H-2. The model used a physiological description of gas flux fitted to the observed decompression sickness (DCS) incidence in two groups of pigs: untreated controls, and animals that had received intestinal injections of H-2-metabolizing microbes that biochemically eliminated some of the H-2 stored in the pigs' tissues. To analyse H-2 flux during gas uptake, animals were compressed in a dry chamber to 24 atm (ca 88% H-2, 9% He, 2% O-2, 1% N-2) for 30-1440 min and decompressed at 0.9 atm min(-1) (n=70). To analyse H-2 flux during gas elimination, animals were compressed to 24 atm for 3 h and decompressed at 0.45-1.8 atm min(-1) (n=58). Animals were closely monitored for I h post-decompression for signs of DCS. Probabilistic modelling was used to estimate that the exponential time constant during H-2 uptake (tau(in),) and H-2 elimination (tau(out)) were 79 +/- 25 min and 0.76 +/- 0.14 min, respectively. Thus, the gas kinetics affecting DCS risk appeared to be substantially faster for elimination than uptake, which is contrary to customary assumptions of gas uptake and elimination kinetic symmetry. We discuss the possible reasons for this asymmetry, and why absolute values of H-2 kinetics cannot be obtained with this approach. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Society for Mathematical Biology. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fahlman, A (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 65 IS 4 BP 747 EP 766 DI 10.1016/S0092-8240(03)00038-7 PG 20 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 697HK UT WOS:000183936400008 PM 12875341 ER PT J AU Merritt, CD Justus, BL AF Merritt, CD Justus, BL TI Fabrication of microelectrode arrays having high-aspect-ratio microwires SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A method is described for the fabrication of arrays of conducting, high-aspect-ratio microelectrodes. The microelectrode arrays are fabricated by electrochemical deposition of metals, including Ni, Pt, and Rh, in microchannel glass templates having parallel, uniform, hollow channels. The metals completely fill the hollow channels, yielding highly uniform, 5.5-mum-diameter microelectrodes with aspect ratios up to 500. The microelectrodes are electrically insulated from one another by the glass template and the surface area of each array is > 1 cm(2). The surface of the electrode arrays can be polished to provide an array of disk electrodes or it can be etched with acid to remove the glass surrounding the electrodes, exposing an array of bare, solid wires. The high-aspect-ratio microelectrode arrays were fabricated to provide the electrical interface with an intraocular retinal prosthesis. The properties of the solid wire, metal microelectrode arrays are also well-suited for use in electrochemical trace analysis and implantable neuro-prosthetic devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Merritt, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 13 BP 2520 EP 2526 DI 10.1021/cm020821y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 695BE UT WOS:000183810600007 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Vahey, MT Thach, D Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ AF Lin, BC Vahey, MT Thach, D Stenger, DA Pancrazio, JJ TI Biological threat detection via host gene expression profiling SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID VIRUS-INDUCED DISEASE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; INDUCED MODULATION; FACE RECOGNITION; HIV-1 INFECTION; CELLS; MICROARRAY; PROGRAMS; REVEALS; MOUSE AB With the increased threat posed by biological weapons, detection techniques for biothreat pathogens are critically needed to monitor and assess the severity of the illness once exposure has occurred. Current approaches for detecting biological threats are either time-consuming or highly specific but provide little information regarding pathogenicity. Genotyping of pathogens by PCR provides a fast and definitive means for identifying pathogens, but reliance on Pathogen genotypic endpoints has several limitations. Current progress in DNA microarrays technology provides an alternative way to address the issues faced by traditional detection systems through host gene expression of peripheral blood cells. We discuss the advantages and critical issues facing the use of host gene expression profiling for biological threat detection. (C) 2003 American Association-for Clinical Chemistry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Lin, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1045 EP 1049 DI 10.1373/49.7.1045 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 694TD UT WOS:000183789600004 PM 12816899 ER PT J AU Chavez, RB AF Chavez, RB TI The construction of the rule of law in Argentina - A tale of two provinces SO COMPARATIVE POLITICS LA English DT Article ID PRESIDENTIALISM; MULTIPARTISM; DEMOCRACY AB Subnational comparison can help analyze how nascent democracies construct the rule of law. Variation in judicial autonomy across two neighboring Argentine provinces is a function of interparty competition. The rule of law results from a balance of power between at least two political parties, neither of which has monolithic control; no highly disciplined party sustains control of both the legislative and executive branches. Effective party competition and low party discipline create a climate in which an autonomous judiciary can develop. In contrast, monolithic party control, defined as a prolonged period of unified government under a disciplined party, blocks development of the rule of law. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chavez, RB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU CITY UNIV NEW YORK PI NEW YORK PA COMPARATIVE POLITICS 33 W 42ND ST, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0010-4159 J9 COMP POLIT JI Comp. Polit. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 417 EP + DI 10.2307/4150188 PG 22 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 704ZV UT WOS:000184347000003 ER PT J AU Keesecker, AL Davila, CG Johnson, ER Starnes, JH AF Keesecker, AL Davila, CG Johnson, ER Starnes, JH TI Crack path bifurcation at a tear strap in a pressurized shell SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE cylindrical shell; tear strap; internal pressure; crack growth; experiment; nonlinear analysis AB Bifurcation of an initially longitudinal through crack in an internally pressurized cylindrical shell at a circumferential stiffener is investigated using a finite element analysis. The finite element model is developed from a fracture test of an aluminum shell having a 22.9 cm radius, a 1.02 mm wall thickness, and stiffened by two externally bonded circumferential straps spaced 40.6 cut apart. After initial stable crack growth in the longitudinal direction with increasing pressure, the crack propagated dynamically toward the strap, bifurcated near the strap into circumferential branches running parallel to the straps. Stable and unstable crack growth curves of pressure versus half-crack length are determined from the nonlinear analysis using a critical value of the crack tip opening angle as the criterion to predict crack growth. Although the crack growth curves are determined from a static analysis, they corroborate the test results for the location of crack path bifurcation. Also, the principal stress criterion for predicting crack turning is consistent with the test. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Marine Composites Branch, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Analyt & Computat Methods Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Keesecker, AL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Marine Composites Branch, Carderock Div, Code 6552,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 81 IS 16 BP 1633 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(03)00165-2 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 693PH UT WOS:000183725600004 ER PT J AU Koul, MG AF Koul, MG TI Topographical analysis of pitting corrosion in AA7075-T6 using laser profilometry SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE AA7075; aging aircraft; aluminum; elliptical crack; endurance limit; fatigue life; morphological phenomena; pit morphology; pitting corrosion; structural integrity ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; PIT GROWTH; PREDICTION; 2024-T3; LIFE AB Laser profilometry (LP) is explored as a means for mapping and quantifying the corrosion damage of AA7075-T6 (UNS A97075) specimens exposed to cyclic prohesion spray for various times. Analysis tools were developed and used to provide quantitative measurements of the distribution of damage site shape, area and volume, and depth. Evolution of these parameters with exposure time was examined. The measured maximum damage site depths of 22 mum to 55 mum agree well with values obtained using other techniques. Modeling the damage sites as elliptical surface flaws yielded maximum DeltaK values for the individual fatigue specimens (2 MParootm to 5 MPcrootm) that are equal to or higher than typical fatigue crack growth thresholds available in the literature. The maximum (or average) DeltaK values calculated from the corrosion damage distributions correlate well with measured fatigue life. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Koul, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 590 Holloway Dr, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 IS 7 BP 563 EP 574 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 701NC UT WOS:000184172800001 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Sequence of steps in the pitting of aluminum by chloride ions SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-FILMS; PIT INITIATION; LOCALIZED CORROSION; IMPLANTED ALUMINUM; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; SURFACES; XPS; MECHANISM; METALS AB Corrosion pit initiation in chloride solutions is given by an electrode kinetic model which takes into account adsorption of chloride ions on the oxide surface, penetration of chloride ions through the oxide film, and localized dissolution of aluminum at the metal/oxide interface in consecutive one-electron transfer reactions. A previous model has been extended here to consider that penetration of chloride ions can occur by oxide film dissolution as well as by migration through oxygen vacancies. Pit initiation occurs by chloride-assisted localized dissolution at the oxide/metal interface. The electrode kinetic model leads to a mathematical expression which shows that the critical pitting potential is a linear function of the logarithm of the chloride concentration (at constant pH), in agreement with experiment. The model also predicts that the critical pitting potential is independent of pH (at constant chloride concentration), also in agreement with experiment. Corrosion pit propagation leads to formation of blisters beneath the oxide film due to localized reactions which produce an acidic localized environment. The blisters subsequently rupture due to the formation of hydrogen gas in the occluded corrosion cell. Calculation of the local pH within a blister from the calculated hydrogen pressure within the blister gives pH values in the range 0.85 to 2.3. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 41555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 75 TC 132 Z9 139 U1 8 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1421 EP 1438 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(02)00231-7 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 667VL UT WOS:000182254700006 ER PT J AU Ricci, V Shukla, A Kavaturu, M AF Ricci, V Shukla, A Kavaturu, M TI Using strain gages to investigate subsonic dynamic interfacial fracture in an isotropic-isotropic bimaterial SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE bimaterials; interface; fracture parameters; strain gages; subsonic crack propagation ID CRACK-GROWTH; TIP FIELDS; PROPAGATION; DECOHESION; CRITERIA; GAUGES AB In this experimental study, strain fields were used to investigate the behavior of subsonic interfacial crack propagation in a bimaterial system. Strain field equations were derived from the available stress field equations and critically evaluated in a parametric study. The feasibility of using strain gages was then demonstrated in model experiments in which values of the dynamic complex stress intensity factor (CSIF), K-d, were obtained. Experiments were conducted using a PSM-1/aluminum bimaterial system subjected to quasi-static loading to determine K-d and mixity phi. The first-order analysis of the strain gage data, which was conducted using two-gage and three-gage methods, resulted in values for CSIF, which compared very well to values of K-d obtained from higher-order photoelastic analysis. Finally, a design curve was prepared to facilitate the analysis of dynamic interfacial crack propagation problems using strain gage techniques. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Undrsea Warfare Ctr Div, Strateg Planning & Dev Off, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co, Tire Mech Corp Res, Akron, OH 44305 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1303 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00098-X PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 666TT UT WOS:000182193100005 ER PT J AU Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Qin, XY Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI The universal power and efficiency characteristics for irreversible reciprocating heat engine cycles SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; OPTIMAL PATHS; OTTO CYCLE; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION AB The performance of irreversible reciprocating heat engine cycles with heat transfer loss and friction-like term loss is analysed using finite-time thermodynamics. The universal relations between the power output and the compression ratio, between the thermal efficiency and the compression ratio, and the optimal relation between power output and the efficiency of the cycles are derived. Moreover, analysis and optimization of the model were carried out in order to investigate the effect of cycle processes on the performance of the cycle using numerical examples. The results obtained herein include the performance characteristics of irreversible reciprocating Diesel, Otto, Atkinson and Brayton cycles. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 359 EP 366 AR PII S0143-0807(03)57105-7 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/24/4/354 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 706JU UT WOS:000184451200004 ER PT J AU Chapman, R Chin-Bing, S King, D Evans, R AF Chapman, R Chin-Bing, S King, D Evans, R TI Special issue on geoacoustic inversion in range-dependent shallow-water environments SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Chapman, R (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM chapman@uvic.ca; chinbing@nrlssc.navy.mil; king@nrlssc.navy.mil; richard.b.evans@saic.com NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 317 EP 319 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.816685 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 735KK UT WOS:000186112400001 ER PT J AU Chapman, NR Chin-Bing, S King, D Evans, RB AF Chapman, NR Chin-Bing, S King, D Evans, RB TI Benchmarking geoacoustic inversion methods for range-dependent waveguides SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Geoacoustic Inversion Techniques Workshop (GAIT) CY MAY, 2001 CL GULFPORT, MISSISSIPPI DE coupled normal modes; geoacoustic inversion; horizontal line arrays; matched field processing; parabolic equation; ray acoustics; sediment sound speed profile; uncertainty measures; vertical line arrays ID POSTERIORI PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SHALLOW-WATER; SEA-FLOOR; PROPAGATION; ALGORITHMS; BOTTOM; MODEL; SOUND AB Inversion methods have been developed over the past decade to extract information about unknown ocean-bottom environments from acoustic field data. This paper summarizes results from the Office of Naval Research/Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) Geoacoustic Inversion Techniques Workshop, which was designed to benchmark present-day inversion methods. The format of the workshop was a blind test to estimate unknown geoacoustic profiles by inversion of synthetic acoustic field data. The fields were calculated using a high-angle parabolic approximation and verified using coupled normal modes for three range-dependent shallow-water test cases: a monotonic slope; a shelf break; and a fault intrusion in the sediment. Geoacoustic profiles were generated to simulate sand, silt, and mud sediments in these environments. Several different approaches for inverting the acoustic field data were presented at the workshop: model-based matched-field methods; perturbation methods; methods using transmission loss data;, and methods using horizontal array information. An effective inversion must provide both an estimate of the bottom parameters and a measure of the uncertainty of the estimated values. New methods were presented at the workshop to formalize the measure of uncertainty in the inversion. Comparisons between the different inversions are discussed in terms of a metric-based transmission loss calculated using the inverted profiles. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of present-day inversion techniques and indicate the limits of their capabilities for range-dependent waveguides. C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. RP Chapman, NR (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. NR 23 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 320 EP 330 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.816737 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 735KK UT WOS:000186112400002 ER PT J AU Fialkowski, LT Lingevitch, JF Perkins, JS Dacol, DK Collins, MD AF Fialkowski, LT Lingevitch, JF Perkins, JS Dacol, DK Collins, MD TI Geoacoustic inversion using a rotated coordinate system and simulated annealing SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Geoacoustic Inversion Techniques Workshop (GAIT) CY MAY, 2001 CL GULFPORT, MISSISSIPPI DE geophysical inverse problems; gradient methods; inverse problems; optimization methods; simulated annealing; underwater acoustics ID POSTERIORI PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ALGORITHMS AB An efficient method for geoacoustic inversions in a range-dependent ocean waveguide is implemented and tested with synthetic data. This method combines a simulated annealing search with an optimal coordinate rotation that increases the efficiency of navigating parameter landscapes for which parameter coupling is important. The coordinate rotation associated with the parameter couplings also provides information about which parameters are resolvable for a particular inversion frequency and array geometry. Using this information, results from several single-frequency inversions can be combined to obtain an estimate for the sediment parameters. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fialkowski, LT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 370 EP 379 DI 10.1109/JOE.2003.816686 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 735KK UT WOS:000186112400006 ER PT J AU Picciolo, ML Gerlach, K AF Picciolo, ML Gerlach, K TI Median cascaded canceller for robust adaptive array processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CONVERGENCE PROPERTIES; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; GRAM-SCHMIDT; SMI; ALGORITHMS AB A median cascaded canceller (MCC) is introduced as a robust multichannel adaptive array processor. Compared with sample matrix inversion (SMI) methods, it is shown to significantly reduce the deleterious effects of impulsive noise spikes (outliers) on convergence performance of metrics such as (normalized) output residue power and signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). For the case of no outliers, the MCC convergence performance remains commensurate with SMI methods for several practical interference scenarios. It is shown that the MCC offers natural protection against desired signal (target) cancellation when weight training data contains strong target components. In addition, results are shown for a high-fidelity, simulated, barrage jamming and nonhomogenous clutter environment. Here the MCC is used in a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) configuration for airborne radar interference mitigation. Results indicate the MCC produces a marked SINR performance improvement over SMI methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picciolo, ML (reprint author), SAIC, 4501 Daly Dr,Suite 400, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. EM Michael.L.Picciolo@saic.com NR 24 TC 12 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 883 EP 900 DI 10.1109/TAES.2003.1238743 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 728NJ UT WOS:000185723000012 ER PT J AU Calvo, DC Collins, MD Dacol, DK AF Calvo, DC Collins, MD Dacol, DK TI A higher-order on-surface radiation condition derived from an analytic representation of a Dirichlet-to-Neumann map SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps; on-surface radiation conditions; radiation conditions; scattering ID PARABOLIC EQUATION METHOD; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; HELMHOLTZ-EQUATION; SELF-STARTER; FORMULATION; SCATTERING; WAVES AB On-surface radiation conditions are useful for obtaining approximate solutions to scattering problems involving compact obstacles. An analytic representation of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for a circle is derived and used to construct a higher-order on-surface radiation. condition for a generally convex perfectly conducting body in two dimensions. This approach is based on a Hankel function in which a tangential operator appears in the index. In the high-frequency limit, this analytic representation approaches the square root of a differential operator which commonly arises in the application of parabolic equation techniques to propagation problems. Treating the scattered field propagation angle relative to the surface normal and the-surface curvature as independent parameters, the representation is fit to a rational function to provide an accurate and efficient on-surface radiation condition that is tested for various examples. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvo, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1607 EP 1614 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.813628 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 699ZU UT WOS:000184088800018 ER PT J AU Taylor, DJ AF Taylor, DJ TI Accurate and efficient numerical integration of weakly singular integrals in Galerkin EFIE solutions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Galerkin method; impedance matrix; integro-differential equation ID SURFACE INTEGRALS; QUADRATURE; TRIANGLES AB A Galerkin descretization of the electric field integral equation for perfectly conducting surfaces using Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis functions requires the numerical evaluation of integrals with singular kernels over triangular regions. These singularities have been traditionally handled by utilizing a "singularity extraction" procedure to produce a regular integral and an analytic function to replace the original singular integral. A new approach is presented here in which the four-dimensional (4-D) weakly singular integrals unique to the Galerkin Rao-Wilton-Glisson electric field integral equation solution for perfectly conducting surfaces are transformed into integrals with regular integrands. The transformations allow some of the integrations to be performed analytically, in some cases reducing the original 4-D integral into a 1-D numerical integration. The accuracy and convergence properties of the new method are demonstrated by evaluating the scalar potential function over a unit triangle. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Taylor, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1630 EP 1637 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.813623 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 699ZU UT WOS:000184088800021 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Dell, RF Holtz, H Newman, AM AF Brown, GG Dell, RF Holtz, H Newman, AM TI How US Air Force Space Command optimizes long-term investment in space systems SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE planning : government; programming : integer AB United States Air Force Space Command spends billions of dollars each year acquiring and developing launch vehicles and space systems. The space systems in orbit must continually meet defensive and offensive requirements and remain interoperable over time. Space Command can launch additional space systems only if it has a launch vehicle of sufficient capability. Space planners using space and missile optimization analysis (SAMOA) consider a 24-year time horizon when determining which space assets and launch vehicles to fund and procure. A key tool within SAMOA is an integer linear program called the space command optimizer of utility toolkit (SCOUT) that Space Command uses for long-range planning. SCOUT gives planners insight into the annual funding profiles needed to meet Space Command's acquisition goals. The 1999 portfolio of 74 systems will cost about $310 billion and includes systems that can lift satellites into orbit; yield information on space, surface, and subsurface events, activities, and threats; and destroy terrestrial, airborne, and space targets. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Mat Command Directorate Requirements, Off Aerosp Studies, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 6 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1287/inte.33.4.1.16369 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 715AR UT WOS:000184948800001 ER PT J AU van Joolen, V Givoli, D Neta, B AF van Joolen, V Givoli, D Neta, B TI High-order non-reflecting boundary conditions for dispersive waves in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE open boundary condition (OBC); finite element; dispersive waves; Hagstrom-Hariharan (HH) OBCs ID UNBOUNDED-DOMAINS; RADIATION; SCATTERING; EQUATIONS; SCHEME AB Among the many areas of research that Professor Kawahara has been active in is the subject of open boundaries in which linear time-dependent dispersive waves are considered in an unbounded domain. The infinite domain is truncated via an artificial boundary B on which an open boundary condition (OBC) is imposed. In this paper, Higdon OBCs and Hagstrom-Hariharan (HH) OBCs are considered. Higdon-type conditions, originally implemented as low-order OBCs, are made accessible for any desired order via a new scheme. The higher-order Higdon OBC is then reformulated using auxiliary variables and made compatible for use with finite element (FE) methods. Methodologies for selecting Higdon parameters are also proposed. The performances of these schemes are demonstrated in two numerical examples. This is followed by a discussion of the HH OBC, which is applicable to non-dispersive media on cylindrical and spherical geometries. The paper extends this OBC to the "slightly dispersive" case. C1 USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Asher Ctr Space Res, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, 1141 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1080/1061856031000113608 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 707BV UT WOS:000184490300005 ER PT J AU Qiu, T Wu, C Qing, L Feng, W Guo, FZ AF Qiu, T Wu, C Qing, L Feng, W Guo, FZ TI Influence of temperature gradient on acoustic characteristic parameters of stack in TAE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMOACOUSTICS AB Acoustic characteristic parameters, i.e. propagation constants, characteristic impedance, and transmission loss are used to describe acoustic characteristics of the stack in a thermo-acoustic engine. The transfer-matrix equations of the thermo-acoustic stack and additional stacks are established. Then the expressions of their important acoustic characteristic parameters are derived. Theoretical calculation results show that the imposed temperature gradients have an influence on the acoustic characteristic parameters of the two kinds of stacks. For additional stacks, due to no longitudinal temperature gradients, thermo-acoustic source a is zero. The expressions for the propagation constant and characteristic impedance are specialized to the thermo-acoustic stack. Theoretical calculation results of the acoustic characteristic parameters of the thermo-acoustic stack are presented to verify the application of the model built in this paper. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Cryogen Lab, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Heat Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1337 EP 1349 DI 10.1016/S0020-7225(03)00041-7 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 680CV UT WOS:000182959500003 ER PT J AU Kroshl, WM Osborne, SR AF Kroshl, WM Osborne, SR TI Multi-mission maritime aircraft mission area analysis SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article AB The Multi-mission Maritime Aircraft Program is developing a weapon system to accomplish multiple missions within a Joint battle space. The specification for this system is performance-based. The first step in developing such a specification is to identify the mission areas and perform a "Strategy-to-Task" analysis to ensure that all performance specifications fully support the aircraft missions and the strategy of U.S. armed forces. This article discusses the use of the "Quality-Function-Deployment" (QFD) process for this mission analysis, the use of simulation techniques to update and extend an existing large-scale collaborative QFD analysis, and the sensitivities of the QFD process. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA USA. EM william.kroshl@jhuapl.edu; scott.osborne@jhuapl.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: MANAGING EDITOR JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1-E254, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 270 EP 275 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 818XB UT WOS:000221276700006 ER PT J AU Tai, TC AF Tai, TC TI Effect of midwing vortex generators on V-22 aircraft forward-flight aerodynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID TILTROTOR AIRCRAFT AB The effect of midwing vortex generators on the V-22 aircraft forward-flight (airplane mode) aerodynamics using computational fluid dynamics is investigated. The multizone Navier-Stokes method is applied to calculate the flow over a V-22 wing-fuselage-nacelle configuration in forward flight with and without vortex generators. The calculations show that the vortex generators reduce separation and produce a favorable effect on both lift and drag if they are properly designed and placed in the right position. The chordwise location and the incidence angle of the vortex generators are two important design variables in achieving the desired separation alleviation. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Marine & Aviat Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Tai, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Marine & Aviat Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 623 EP 630 DI 10.2514/2.3165 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 709RJ UT WOS:000184637900003 ER PT J AU Lehmberg, RH Giuliani, JL AF Lehmberg, RH Giuliani, JL TI Simulation of amplified spontaneous emission in high gain KrF laser amplifiers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONSATURABLE ABSORPTION; PICOSECOND PULSES; ASE; ENHANCEMENT AB High gain KrF amplifier simulations require a realistic model of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). We have recently developed an accurate three-dimensional time-dependent code to model ASE and parasitic oscillations in the Nike and Electra amplifiers. It currently includes arbitrary specular reflections at all of the walls and can be easily extended to nonspecular reflections. It can also simulate the ASE that would be seen by another amplifier stage or a camera located outside the amplifier module. The code approximates the ASE light by a discrete set of ordinates or quasi-plane waves whose propagation vectors represent all directions, but cluster preferentially around the amplifier axis, where the gain is highest. At each grid point, it updates the directed intensity by adding an analytic solution of the radiation transport equation within time increment Deltat to the earlier intensity at a "local look-back" (LLB) point; this point is located a distance cDeltat back along the ordinate's characteristic direction. Because the LLB does not generally lie at a grid point, interpolation is required to calculate the earlier flux. Trilinear interpolation is simple and computationally fast, but it can introduce numerical spatial diffusion in the specific intensity. This diffusion is usually tolerable, but it can be a significant limitation if one attempts to treat a problem where the operating conditions or ASE viewing position favor a narrow range of directions that are not parallel to one of the Cartesian axes. For those conditions, we use an alternative interpolation scheme based on the flux-corrected transport algorithm, which previously has been used only to treat shock wave propagation in fluids. This article describes the code in detail, then shows ASE simulations illustrating the code's capabilities and the effects of transient excitation, diffusion, and gain narrowing. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lehmberg, RH (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1063/1.1580192 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900004 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL AF Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL TI Inhomogeneous model of an Ar-Hg direct current column discharge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOLTZMANN-EQUATION ANALYSES; ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; PRESSURE GAS-DISCHARGES; ARGON POSITIVE-COLUMN; PARTIAL FREQUENCY REDISTRIBUTION; FLUORESCENT LAMP DISCHARGES; SELF-CONSISTENT DESCRIPTION; SPACE-CHARGE CONFINEMENT; CROSS-SECTIONS; SWARM PARAMETERS AB The inhomogeneous electron Boltzmann equation is solved for an Ar-Hg positive column direct current glow discharge with properties similar to the standard fluorescent lamp. The inhomogeneity arises from the ambipolar potential and requires the inclusion of the spatial gradient term in the Boltzmann equation. The electron kinetics is coupled to a collisional-radiative equilibrium model for various states of Ar and Hg subject to a reaction set with electron and heavy particle collisions. The axial electric field and space-charge potential are solved self-consistently. The calculated electron distribution function satisfies neither the local nor nonlocal approaches, but rather is found to be a function of both the electron energy and radial position. The radial dependence produces an energy flow from one part of the discharge to another, which results in nonuniform ultraviolet radiative power. Results are given for global properties of the discharge such as power per unit length and axial electric field, as well as spatially averaged quantities (densities, electron and gas temperatures, and emission powers) as a function of the wall temperature and the current. Extensive comparisons are presented with experimental data and previous homogeneous Boltzmann models of the discharge. The optimum current and fill pressures are determined and the general trends of varying the input parameters are established. There is general agreement between the present model and data, except that the calculated average electron density is larger than the measured values. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), Berkeley Scholars Inc, POB 852, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 62 EP 75 DI 10.1063/1.1576895 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900007 ER PT J AU Rao, MV Brookshire, J Mitra, S Qadri, SB Fischer, R Grun, J Papanicolaou, N Yousuf, M Ridgway, MC AF Rao, MV Brookshire, J Mitra, S Qadri, SB Fischer, R Grun, J Papanicolaou, N Yousuf, M Ridgway, MC TI Athermal annealing of si-implanted GaAs and InP SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SILICON AB GaAs and InP crystals ion implanted with Si were athermally annealed by exposing each crystal at a spot of similar to2 mm diameter to a high-intensity 1.06 mum wavelength pulsed laser radiation with similar to4 J pulse energy for 35 ns in a vacuum chamber. As a result a crater is formed at the irradiated spot. The crater is surrounded by a dark-colored ring-shaped region which is annealed by mechanical energy generated by rapidly expanding hot plasma that formed on the exposed spot. The electrical characteristics of this annealed region are comparable to those of a halogen-lamp annealed sample. No redistribution of impurities due to transient diffusion is observed in the implant tail region. In x-ray diffraction measurements, a high angle side satellite peak due to lattice strain was observed in the crater and near crater regions of the athermally annealed sample in addition to the main Bragg peak that corresponds to the pristine sample. This high angle side satellite peak is not observed in regions away from the crater (greater than or equal to5 mm from the center of the crater in GaAs). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1063/1.1576896 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900015 ER PT J AU Harris, VG Fatemi, DJ Cross, JO Carpenter, EE Browning, VM Kirkland, JP Mohan, A Long, GJ AF Harris, VG Fatemi, DJ Cross, JO Carpenter, EE Browning, VM Kirkland, JP Mohan, A Long, GJ TI One-step processing of spinel ferrites via the high-energy ball milling of binary oxides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MECHANOSYNTHESIZED ZINC FERRITE; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; MNFE2O4 AB MnZn ferrites have been produced via the high-energy ball milling of binary oxide precursors. The milled ferrites have a nonequilibrium cation site distribution, with an unusually high population of Zn cations on the octahedral sites. The particle size distribution drops precipitously with milling time from 60+/-1 to similar to14+/-1 nm at 10 h, but increases to 18.5+/-1 nm after long durations (20-40 h) concurrent with the formation of nearly pure ferrite. A 1 h anneal at 673 K facilitates a redistribution of cations to their near equilibrium sites. This processing approach circumvents the need for deleterious high-temperature heat treatments that often lead to nonstoichiometries in the resulting ferrites. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Harris, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 496 EP 501 DI 10.1063/1.1577225 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900068 ER PT J AU Calvin, S Miller, MM Goswami, R Cheng, SF Mulvaney, SP Whitman, LJ Harris, VG AF Calvin, S Miller, MM Goswami, R Cheng, SF Mulvaney, SP Whitman, LJ Harris, VG TI Determination of crystallite size in a magnetic nanocomposite using extended x-ray absorption fine structure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; EXAFS AB An extended x-ray absorption fine structure was collected for a soft magnetic material comprising very fine nanoscale crystallites of nickel within coarser iron matrix grains. Using a simple spherical model and the spectra of bulk standards, the nickel crystallite size was estimated. Comparison with transmission electron microscopy images confirms that this technique yields a size weighted toward smaller crystallites, whereas Scherrer analysis yields sizes weighted toward larger crystallites. The iron crystallite size was also estimated by this technique in order to ascertain the effect of a nonspherical morphology. This technique shows promise for in situ analyses of materials containing nanoscale crystallites and as a complement to Scherrer analyses. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calvin, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 16 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 778 EP 783 DI 10.1063/1.1581344 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900111 ER PT J AU Shulman, I Haddock, SHD McGillicuddy, DJ Paduan, JD Bissett, WP AF Shulman, I Haddock, SHD McGillicuddy, DJ Paduan, JD Bissett, WP TI Numerical Modeling of bioluminescence distributions in the coastal ocean SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY BAY; ASSIMILATION AB Bioluminescence (BL) predictability experiments (predictions of the intensity, depth, and distance offshore of the BL maximum) were conducted using an advective-diffusive tracer model with velocities and diffusivities from a fine-resolution model of the Monterey Bay, California, area. For tracer initialization, observations were assimilated into the tracer model while velocities and diffusivities were taken from the hydrodynamic model and kept unchanged during the initialization process. This dynamic initialization procedure provides an equilibrium tracer distribution that is balanced with the velocity and diffusivity fields from the hydrodynamic model. This equilibrium BL distribution was used as the initial BL field for 3 days of prognostic calculations. Two cross-shore surveys of bioluminescence data conducted at two locations (north of the bay and inside the bay) were used in four numerical experiments designed to estimate the limits of bioluminescence predictions by tracers. The cross-shore sections extended to around 25 km offshore, they were around 30 m deep, and on average they were approximately 35 km apart from each other. Bioluminescence predictability experiments demonstrated a strong utility of the tracer model (combined with limited bioluminescence observations and with the output from a circulation model) in predicting (over a 72-h period and over 25-35-km distances) the location and intensity of the BL maximum. Analysis of the model velocity fields and observed and model-predicted bioluminesence fields shows that the BL maximum is located in the frontal area representing a strong reversal of flow direction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Florida Environm Res Inst, Tampa, FL USA. RP Shulman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7331,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1060 EP 1068 DI 10.1175/1468.1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 695AW UT WOS:000183809800009 ER PT J AU Makela, JJ Kelley, MC Gonzalez, SA Aponte, N Sojka, JJ AF Makela, JJ Kelley, MC Gonzalez, SA Aponte, N Sojka, JJ TI Mid-latitude plasma and electric field measurements during space weather month, September 1999 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mid-latitude density gradients; electric field perturbations; mid-latitude ionosphere; airglow measurements ID INCOHERENT-SCATTER RADAR; SPREAD-F; ARECIBO; CAMPAIGN; AIRGLOW; EMISSIONS; IONOSPHERE; PARAMETERS; STORM; GPS AB Using data collected during the September 1999 combined ionospheric campaign (CIC), we examine the effects of moderate geomagnetic activity on low and mid-latitudes. Perturbations in the zonal electric field, measured at both Jicamarca and Arecibo, are the most striking aspect of this data. These eastward electric fields resulted in a poleward advection of the Appleton anomaly to mid-latitudes, where it was observed as a gradient in the nighttime electron density, as measured by the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar. This gradient was severe enough that it was observable in airglow measurements at 630.0 and 777.4 nm. To put this data into context, we also examine the worldwide conditions during this time period and find evidence for several substorms, penetrating electric fields, and disturbance dynamo electric fields. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Arecibo Observ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT 84332 USA. RP Makela, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7607, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gonzalez, Sixto/G-1982-2011 OI Gonzalez, Sixto/0000-0001-5544-1426 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1077 EP 1085 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2003.07.002 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 735QB UT WOS:000186125100002 ER PT J AU Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Drob, DP Porter, HS Chan, KL AF Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Drob, DP Porter, HS Chan, KL TI Intraseasonal oscillations in the middle atmosphere forced by gravity waves SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EQUATORIAL OSCILLATIONS; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; ZONAL WIND; MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; SPECTRAL MODEL; DIURNAL TIDES; KELVIN WAVE AB In our Numerical Spectral Model (NSM) that incorporates Hines' Doppler Spread Parameterization, small-scale gravity waves (GW) propagating in the east/west direction can generate the essential features of the observed equatorial oscillations in the zonal circulation and in particular the QBO extending from the stratosphere into the upper mesosphere. We report here that the NSM also produces in the zonally symmetric (wavenumber=0) meridional circulation intraseasonal oscillations on time scales of a few months. A distinct but variable meridional wind oscillation (MWO) is generated, which appears to be the counterpart to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). With a vertical grid-point resolution of about 0.5 km, the NSM produces the MWO through momentum deposition of GWs propagating in the north/south direction. The resulting momentum source represents a non-linear function of the meridional winds that is of third (generally odd) order, and this enables the oscillation, as is the case for the zonal winds in the QBO. Since the meridional winds are relatively small compared to the zonal winds. however, the vertical scale-length for the MWO is much smaller, i.e., only about 10 km instead of 40 km for the QBO. Consistent with the associated increase of the viscous stress, the period of the MWO is then short compared with that of the QBO, i.e., only about 1-4 months. Measurements with the HRDI instrument on LIARS show evidence of the MWO with periods between 2 and 3 months (Huang and Reber, J. Geophys. Res. (2003)). Depending on the strength of the GW forcing, the computed amplitudes of the MWO are typically 5 m/s in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, and the associated temperature amplitudes are about 3 K. These amplitudes may be observable with the instruments on the TIMED spacecraft. Extended computer simulations with the NSM in 2D and 3D reveal that the MWO is modulated by and in turn influences the QBO. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Mayr, HG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 916,Mail Code 910-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Chan, Kwing/0000-0002-6428-1812 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 65 IS 11-13 BP 1187 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2003.07.008 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 747NB UT WOS:000186809600003 ER PT J AU Paithankar, DY Clifford, JM Saleh, BA Ross, EV Hardaway, CA Barnette, D AF Paithankar, DY Clifford, JM Saleh, BA Ross, EV Hardaway, CA Barnette, D TI Subsurface skin renewal by treatment with a 1450-nm laser in combination with dynamic cooling SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE nonablative wrinkle treatment; cryogen cooling; Monte Carlo light transport modeling ID PORT-WINE STAINS; FACIAL RHYTIDES; CHEMICAL PEELS; DIODE-LASER; WRINKLES; THERAPY; CONTACT AB A new nonablative laser device, Smoothbeam, has been under evaluation for nonablative wrinkle reduction in skin with minimal side effects. This device incorporates a laser at 1450-nm wavelength to heat the dermis and cryogen spray cooling to prevent epidermal damage. The thermal injury created is internal and imperceptible. The wound-healing response to this internal injury causes improvement in the appearance of skin wrinkles. Biopsies taken immediately after treatment showed mild residual thermal damage (RTD) at a depth range of 150 to 400 mum, which is the dermal zone where most solar elastosis resides. Biopsies from two months after treatment showed fibroplasia extending over a range of depths similar to the acute RTD zones. An improvement in wrinkle severity was noted on the treated side compared with the control side. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Candela Corp, Wayland, MA 01778 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Paithankar, DY (reprint author), Candela Corp, 530 Boston Post Rd, Wayland, MA 01778 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 8 IS 3 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.1117/1.1586703 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 709CD UT WOS:000184606400028 PM 12880362 ER PT J AU Covey, DC AF Covey, DC TI Blast and fragment injuries of the musculoskeletal system - Reply SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, FPO, AP 96362 USA. RP Covey, DC (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Okinawa PSC 482,Box 2563, FPO, AP 96362 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 85A IS 7 BP 1390 EP 1390 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 695HW UT WOS:000183825900031 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Varesi, JB Johnson, SM AF Bewley, WW Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Varesi, JB Johnson, SM TI Midwave-infrared negative luminescence properties of HgCdTe devices on silicon substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 13-15, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP USA, CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA, Res Lab, USA, SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Miner, Mat & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; HgCdTe/Si; negative luminescence; cold shielding ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; LED OPERATION; GROWN HGCDTE; FABRICATION; PERFORMANCE; EXTRACTION; INJECTION; CARRIERS; DIODES AB We have investigated the negative luminescence properties of a midwave-infrared (MWIR) HgCdTe photodiode (lambda(co) = 5.3 mum at 295 K) grown on a silicon substrate. The internal negative luminescence efficiencies measured using a self-referencing optical technique were 88% throughout the 3-5 mum spectral region and nearly independent of temperature in the 240-300 K range. This corresponds to an apparent temperature reduction of 53 K at room temperature and 35 K at 240 K. Efficiencies measured by an electrical modulation technique were consistent with the measured internal efficiencies and the measured reflectivity of the device. This is the highest efficiency and largest apparent reduction in temperature reported to date, and slightly higher than that measured earlier for photodiodes grown on CdZnTe despite a longer cut-off wavelength. These results provide further indication that the HgCdTe/Si photovoltaic device technology is capable of combining high quality with high yield. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 651 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0047-9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LW UT WOS:000184281700012 ER PT J AU Chow, WC Schumacher, PW AF Chow, WC Schumacher, PW TI Using fractional Gaussian noise models in orbit determination SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; SYSTEM AB Motivated by a recent requirement to provide accurate covariance matrices as well as orbit estimates for cataloging space objects, a Bayesian estimator to handle autocorrelated process and measurement noises is presented. Although the application is orbit determination, the estimation method itself is general. Techniques are presented to model autocorrelated noises in terms of fractional Gaussian noise and increments of fractional Brownian motion. The Bayesian estimator is derived in both batch and sequential forms, along with explicit formulas for calculating the estimation error covariance matrix. The sequential form generalizes the Kalman filter to the case of autocorrelated noise processes. Also discussed is a batch least-squares estimator formulated with a whitening transformation that accounts for both measurement and process noise. Basic properties of the fractional Gaussian noise model are presented, showing how it contains the special case of white noise in a one-parameter family of self-similar random processes. The parameter characterizes the extent of the autocorrelation and is known as the Hurst parameter. When the measurement noise can be isolated from the process noise by appropriate sensor calibrations, statistical test-of-hypothesis techniques can be used to estimate the Hurst parameter by adjusting it to optimize the p value of the test. For a measurement noise sample that is sufficiently dense in time, the Hurst parameter can be calculated directly from the sample's fractal dimension. In contrast, the process noise usually cannot be isolated from the total noise because the measurements are the only information available. However, assuming the Hurst parameter of the measurement noise is either estimated first or known a priori, test-of-hypothesis techniques can be used to estimate the Hurst parameters of the process noise. C1 USN, Network & Space Operat Command, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Chow, WC (reprint author), USN, Network & Space Operat Command, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 593 EP 607 DI 10.2514/2.5087 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 699ZA UT WOS:000184086500011 ER PT J AU Ross, IM AF Ross, IM TI Linearized dynamic equations for spacecraft subject to J(2) perturbations SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Code AA Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 657 EP 659 DI 10.2514/2.5095 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 699ZA UT WOS:000184086500019 ER PT J AU Lambert, EW Simpson, RB Marzouk, A Unger, DV AF Lambert, EW Simpson, RB Marzouk, A Unger, DV TI Orthopedic injuries among survivors of USSCOLE attack SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE blast injury; ship; USSCOLE; open fracture; war injury ID AIR EVACUATION; FRACTURES; FEMUR; WAR AB The objective of this article is to describe the range of orthopaedic injuries and outcomes of acute treatment regimens among survivors of the USS COLE terrorist attack and to reemphasize basic treatment principles for blast injuries. With the current geopolitical environment, the average community orthopaedic surgeon may be involved in treating injuries due to an explosive terrorist attack. This is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of the 39 patients who were injured during the USS COLE attack on October 12, 2000, and were received at Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia, from the MEDEVAC (Medical Evacuation) system. The 17 casualties from the attack were not included in this study. Data were retrospectively collected from patient charts for all patients who survived the USS COLE attack. The 39 patients who survived the USS COLE attack sustained 81 injuries. Fourteen patients sustained 32 orthopaedic injuries, of which 61% were lower extremity injuries. Of the 10 patients who required hospitalization, 6 had orthopaedic injuries (60%). Three of five open fractures (60%) became infected, and two of two (100%) open fracture wounds treated with primary closure in the initial setting were infected. Lower extremity orthopaedic injuries may predominate in a shipboard blast scenario. Even minor injuries require prolonged time before patients return to active duty. Complex wounds have high infection rates and should be treated according to previously established protocols for wartime injuries. Principles of provisional fracture stabilization prior to transport, adequate wound debridement, and delayed wound closure are reviewed. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Lambert, EW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 436 EP 441 DI 10.1097/00005131-200307000-00008 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 696ZN UT WOS:000183917900008 PM 12843729 ER PT J AU Mattison, DW Brophy, CM Sanders, ST Ma, L Hinckley, KM Jeffries, JB Hanson, RK AF Mattison, DW Brophy, CM Sanders, ST Ma, L Hinckley, KM Jeffries, JB Hanson, RK TI Pulse detonation engine characterization and control using tunable diode-laser sensors SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH; FLOWS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; PRESSURE AB One of the phenomena limiting the performance of pulse detonation engines (PDEs) is detonation failure due to pulse-to-pulse interference. To better understand and control such interferences, two novel laser diagnostic techniques, based on absorption spectroscopy, have been developed and then used to demonstrate effective real-time control. The first technique utilizes a tunable diode-laser (TDL) sensor to measure H2O temperature and concentration in the tube tail end at the Naval Postgraduate School's (NPS) PDE facility and in the tube head end at Stanford University's (SU) PDE facility. This sensor, capable of measuring temperatures from 300 to 1300 K at 3.33 kHz, reveals the temporal history of temperature for multipulse engines. In its application to the NPS facility, the sensor shows a distinct change in temperature profile when the engine pulse rate is changed from 5 Hz, where successful detonations are achieved, to 7 Hz, where interference produces undesirable flame holding and subsequent deflagrations on some pulses. We observed that the geometry evaluated possessed excess recirculation at the higher pulse rates resulting in flame holding at or near the point of injection. In its application to the SU PDE, this sensor reveals a temperature profile characteristic of detonation failure that could be used in future control schemes. The second diagnostic technique developed is used to monitor fuel and is employed in an active, real-time control scheme. For this sensor, we monitor the C2H4 (ethylene) concentration at the tail end of the NPS PDE initiator tube, which is operating at 20 Hz. When fuel is detected at the tail end, the sensor sends a signal to fire the ignitor. Compared to fixed-timing ignitor actuation, this control promotes more consistent detonation initiation and reduces misfire events. These two new laser diagnostic techniques provide useful tools for studying pulse-to-pulse interference and lay the groundwork for future, more advanced TDL-based PDE control strategies. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Engn Mech, High Temp Gasdynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Rocket Propuls & Combust Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mattison, DW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Engn Mech, High Temp Gasdynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Ma, Lin/A-9441-2012 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 568 EP 572 DI 10.2514/2.6167 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 701XC UT WOS:000184193400006 ER PT J AU Finette, S Oba, R AF Finette, S Oba, R TI Horizontal array beamforming in an azimuthally anisotropic internal wave field SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION; MODE PROPAGATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; RANDOM OCEAN; REFRACTION; SOUND; COHERENCE; SEA; TRANSMISSION AB A numerical study of beamforming on a horizontal array is performed in a shallow water waveguide where a summer thermocline is perturbed by a time evolving realization of an internal wave field. The components of the internal wave field consist of a horizontally (azimuthally) isotropic, spatially homogeneous contribution, and a horizontally anisotropic, spatially inhomogeneous component. These terms represent a diffuse ("background") internal wave field and a localized solitary wave packet, respectively. Conventional beamforming is performed as a function of time while the internal wave field evolves throughout a computational volume containing the source-receiver paths. Source-receiver orientation with respect to the azimuthally anisotropic component has a significant effect on the beamformed output. When the source-receiver configuration is oriented approximately parallel to the solitary wave crests, beam wander, fading, beam splitting and coherence length degradation occurs in a time-dependent manner as the solitary wave packet passes through the environment. Both horizontal refraction of energy and a time-dependent modal source excitation distribution are responsible for these beamforming effects. In cases where source-receiver orientation is not approximately parallel to the wave crests, these effects are substantially reduced or eliminated, indicating that an,azimuthally selective perturbation of the acoustic field can be attributed to the wave packet. Modal decomposition of the acoustic field and single mode starting fields are used to infer that, for the source-receiver orientation along the wave crests and troughs, acoustic propagation is predominantly adiabatic. A modal phase speed analysis explains several features associated with the beamformed power. C1 USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finette, S (reprint author), USN, Acoust Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 114 IS 1 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1121/1.15824411 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 699ZF UT WOS:000184087100014 PM 12880027 ER PT J AU DiPerna, DT Feit, D AF DiPerna, DT Feit, D TI An approximate Green's function for a locally excited fluid-loaded thin elastic plate SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; FORCE AB In the classic treatment of the line-driven, fluid-loaded, thin, elastic plate, a branch cut integral typically needs to be evaluated. This branch cut arises due to a square root operator in the spectral form of the acoustic impedance. In a previous paper [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 3018 (2001)], DiPerna and Feit developed a methodology, complex layer analysis (CLA),. to approximate this impedance. The resulting approximation was in the form of a rational function, although this was not explicitly stated. In this paper, a rational function approximation (RFA) to the acoustic impedance is derived. The advantage of the RFA as compared to the CLA approach is that a smaller number of terms are required. The accuracy of the RFA is examined both in the Fourier transform domain and the spatial domain. The RFA is then used to obtain a differential relationship between the pressure and velocity on the surface of the plate. Finally, using the RFA in conjunction with the equation of motion of the plate, an approximate expression for the Green's function for a line-driven plate is obtained in terms of a sum of propagating and evanescent waves. Comparisons of these results with the numerical inversion of the exact integral show reasonable agreement. C1 Carderock Div NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP DiPerna, DT (reprint author), Carderock Div NSWC, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 114 IS 1 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1121/1.1577549 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 699ZF UT WOS:000184087100020 PM 12880033 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Smith, RB AF Jiang, QF Smith, RB TI Cloud timescales and orographic precipitation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WINTERTIME; MOUNTAINS; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTION; STORMS; ICE AB Orographic precipitation is studied by analyzing the sensitivity of numerical simulations to variations in mountain height, width, and wind speed. The emphasis is on upslope lifting over isolated mountains in cold climates. An attempt is made to capture the essential steady-state volume-averaged cloud physics in a pair of coupled nonlinear algebraic equations. To do this, single-pathway snow formation models are analyzed with both linear and nonlinear accretion formulations. The linear model suggests that the precipitation efficiency is determined by three timescales - the advection timescale (tau(a)), fallout timescale (tau(f)), and a constant timescale for snow generation (tau(cs)). Snow generation is controlled by the ratio of tau(cs) /tau(a) and the fraction of the snow that falls to the ground is controlled by the ratio of tau(f) /tau(a). Nonlinear terms, representing accretion, reduce the utility of the timescale concept by introducing a threshold or "bifurcation'' point, that is, a critical condensation rate that separates two states: a precipitating state and a nonprecipitating state. If the condensation rate is below the threshold value, no snow is generated. As it surpasses the threshold value, the snow generation rate increases rapidly. The threshold point is a function of advection and fallout timescales, low-level water content, mountain height, and a collection factor, which is further dependent on the geometries, terminal velocity, and density of snow particles. An approximate formula for precipitation efficiency is given in closed form. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 60 IS 13 BP 1543 EP 1559 DI 10.1175/2995.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 685UD UT WOS:000183280900002 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Lewis acid/Lewis base effects in corrosion and polymer adhesion at aluminum surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLAR ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; METAL-OXIDE FILMS; CONTACT-ANGLE; PITTING CORROSION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; HSAB PRINCIPLE; PIT INITIATION; ION; INHIBITION AB Lewis acid/Lewis base (electron acceptor/electron donor) interactions are important in the breakdown of oxide films on aluminum by chloride ions and in the adhesion of organic polymers onto oxide-covered aluminum surfaces. This paper considers the pitting of aluminum by Cl- (a Lewis base) in terms of the acid-base nature of the oxide film. Topics addressed are the adsorption of Cl- on oxide films on aluminum, the effect of pH on the pitting potential of aluminum, and the pitting potential of various pure metals or surface-modified aluminum. Lewis acid/Lewis base interactions are also important in the adhesion of polymers to oxide-covered metal surfaces, as shown by experimental adhesion tests. The adhesion strength of a basic polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) was greatest on the most acidic oxide films. The adhesion strength of an acidic polymer (a commercially available pressure-sensitive adhesive) was the greatest on the most basic oxide films. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 150 IS 7 BP B342 EP B347 DI 10.1149/1.1580135 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 689TB UT WOS:000183508100036 ER PT J AU Caguiat, DE AF Caguiat, DE TI Rolls Royce/Allison 501-K gas turbine antifouling compressor coatings evaluation SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AB The Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies Code 9334 was tasked by NSWCCD Shipboard Energy Office Code 859 to research and evaluate fouling resistant compressor coatings for Rolls Royce Allison 501-K Series gas turbines. The objective of these tests was to investigate the feasibility of reducing the rate of compressor fouling degradation and associated rate of specific fuel consumption (SFC) increase through the application of anti-fouling coatings. Code 9334 conducted a market investigation and selected coatings that best fit the test objective. The coatings selected were Sermalon for compressor stages 1 and 2 and Sermaflow S4000 for the inlet guide vanes and remaining 12 compressor stages. Both coatings are manufactured by Sermatech International, are intended to substantially decrease blade surface roughness, have inert top layers, and contain an anti-corrosive aluminum-ceramic base coat. Sermalon contains a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) topcoat, a substance similar to Teflon, for added fouling resistance. Tests were conducted at the Philadelphia Land Based Engineering Site (LBES). Testing was first performed on the existing LBES 501-K17 gas turbine, which had an uncoated compressor The compressor was then replaced by a coated compressor and the test was repeated. The test plan consisted of injecting a known amount of salt solution into the gas turbine inlet while gathering compressor performance degradation and fuel economy data for 0, 500, 1000, and 1250 KW generator load levels. This method facilitated a direct comparison of compressor degradation trends for the coated and uncoated compressors operating with the same turbine section, thereby reducing the number of variables involved. The collected data for turbine inlet, temperature, compressor efficiency, and fuel consumption were plotted as a percentage of the baseline conditions for each compressor. The results of each plot show a decrease in the rates of compressor degradation and SFC increase for the coated compressor compared to the uncoated compressor. Overall test results show that it is feasible to utilize antifouling compressor coatings to reduce the rate of specific fuel consumption increase associated with compressor. performance degradation. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Gas Turbine Emerging Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Caguiat, DE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Gas Turbine Emerging Technol, Code 9334, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2003 VL 125 IS 3 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1115/1.1573665 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 718QE UT WOS:000185157300009 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL AF Jensen, KL TI Electron emission theory and its application: Fowler-Nordheim equation and beyond SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference (IVMC) CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL UNIV LYON, LYON, FRANCE HO UNIV LYON ID FIELD-EMITTER ARRAYS; SILICON PHOTOCATHODES; COLD CATHODES; SPACE-CHARGE; MODEL; MECHANISM; SIMULATION; TECHNOLOGY; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB In this article, we examine the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) equation for field emission using pedagogical models to introduce and illuminate its origins, limitations, extensions, and application to multidimensional structures. The analyses of modern electron sources generally invoke either the FN equation or the Richardson-Laue-Dushman equation (thermionic emission) to interpret experimental data. These equations have ranges of validity that are increasingly challenged by operating conditions. The present article shall therefore have several aims. An introduction to and review of the FN equation shall be presented. Extensions to account for many body and other effects, shall be motivated by accessible models, and a generalized thermal-field emission methodology developed to account for low work function, high fields, photoexcitation, and other conditions in which the incident electron energy is near the barrier maximum. An account of effects such as resonance, which are not generally part of the standard emission lexicon, is given. Finally, specialized topics using the aforementioned analyses shall be examined, e.g., multidimensionality, the statistical nature of emission site variation, and so on. The analyses shall be predicated on simple models in an effort to provide formulae of general utility such that computational requirements are minimized. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 73 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 32 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1528 EP 1544 DI 10.1116/1.1573664 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 717GW UT WOS:000185080000062 ER PT J AU Ng, KW AF Ng, KW TI From the guest editor SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ng, KW (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1077-5463 J9 J VIB CONTROL JI J. Vib. Control PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 733 EP 733 PG 1 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 697BZ UT WOS:000183923500001 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Casalini, R Santangelo, P Sekula, M Ziolo, J Paluch, M AF Roland, CM Casalini, R Santangelo, P Sekula, M Ziolo, J Paluch, M TI Chemical structure and local segmental dynamics in 1,2-polybutadiene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ALPHA-RELAXATION; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION REGION; HIGH-PRESSURE; POLYMERS; POLYSTYRENE; FREQUENCY; LIQUIDS AB The segmental dynamics in 1,2-polybutadiene was studied over a broad range of temperature and pressure using dielectric spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature was found to be strongly dependent on pressure (dT(g)/dP = 240 KJGPa). Moreover, while no appreciable change in the shape of the relaxation function with pressure was observed for spectra compared at a fixed value of the relaxation time, the fragility (T-g-normalized temperature dependence) increased with pressure. From the ratio of the isochronal to isobaric expansivities, and consistently from the ratio of the isochoric and isobaric activation energies, temperature was found to exert a stronger influence on the dynamics than does the volume. This is similar to results for other polymers as well as small molecule glass-formers (when the latter lack hydrogen bonds). Finally, a comparison was made of the properties of 1,2-PBD with those of other vinyl polymers having different pendent groups. The different segmental dynamics reflect the manner in which local relaxation is governed by intermolecular cooperativity. Consistent with this interpretation, 1,2-PBD exhibits an activation volume more than 9 times the molar volume of its repeat unit; this is significantly larger than the values for the other vinyl polymers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 13 BP 4954 EP 4959 DI 10.1021/ma034416j PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 696HK UT WOS:000183881400041 ER PT J AU Charles, SJ Steeds, JW Evans, DJF Butler, JE AF Charles, SJ Steeds, JW Evans, DJF Butler, JE TI Real and apparent grain sizes in chemical vapor deposited diamond SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE grain boundaries; surfaces; microstructure; characterization methods; boron-doped diamond; grain size ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; CVD DIAMOND; BORON; SURFACE; FILMS; RECOMBINATION; MICROSCOPY AB A boron-doped, chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond, with a doping level of approximately 10(18) cm(-3), is used to demonstrate the very different grain sizes deduced from the application of various scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques to a polished polycrystalline surface. The boron-doped sample was chosen for this investigation because of the very different boron up-take on the {111} and {100} growth sectors and the consequent changes on the physical properties of the underlying crystal. It is shown that SEM contrast resulting from electron channeling gives a gross over-estimate of the grain size, while luminescence microscopy and surface enhanced secondary emission give a better indication, although they can give slight underestimates. The results are consistent with recently published transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations which show that the grains in thick polycrystalline CVD diamond form clusters with common growth directions [Philos. Mag., A 82 (2002) 1741]. The individual grains within a cluster are related by various twinning operations. This behavior is characteristic of columnar CVD growth and does not depend on boron doping. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. DTC Res Ctr, Maidenhead SL6 6XW, Berks, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steeds, JW (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 57 IS 22-23 BP 3690 EP 3693 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00152-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 699HJ UT WOS:000184050700070 ER PT J AU Frenck, RW Clemens, J AF Frenck, RW Clemens, J TI Helicobacter in the developing world SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; risk factors; human; epidemiology ID HOUSEFLIES MUSCA-DOMESTICA; DUODENAL-ULCER DISEASE; PYLORI INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Helicobacter pylori in the developing world is associated with many unique challenges not encountered in an industrialized setting. The 20% prevalence of infection with H. pylori among adolescents in the United States pales in comparison to infection rates exceeding90% by 5 years of age in parts of the developing world. While H. pylori within the developed world is associated with gastritis, which may lead to peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma, the infection in the developing world appears to also be linked with chronic diarrhea, malnutrition and growth faltering as well as predisposition to other enteric infections, including typhoid fever and cholera. Once identified, treatment of H. pylori within the developing world presents increased difficulties due to the frequency of antibiotic resistance as well as the frequency of recurrence after successful treatment. Control, and possibly eradication, of H. pylori could likely be achieved through increased standards of living and improved public health, as it has in the industrialized world. However, these measures are distant objectives for most developing countries, making long-term control of the organism dependent on the development and administration of an effective vaccine. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Enter Dis Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. RP Frenck, RW (reprint author), NAMRU-3,PSC 452,Box 121, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 98 TC 142 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 7 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 5 IS 8 BP 705 EP 713 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00112-6 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 697UM UT WOS:000183961700003 PM 12814771 ER PT J AU LaMar, JE Malakooti, MA AF LaMar, JE Malakooti, MA TI Tuberculosis outbreak investigation of a US Navy amphibious ship crew and the Marine Expeditionary Unit aboard, 1998 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLOSED ENVIRONMENT; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A Marine deployed aboard a U.S. Navy amphibious ship had smear-positive, cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Contact investigation ultimately found 21 active cases of TB among sailors and Marines who were aboard the affected ship. Approximately 3 months lapsed between onset of the source patient's illness and appropriate diagnosis and treatment. During the contact investigation, 3,338 persons received tuberculin skin tests and 712 were identified as new latent tuberculosis infection cases. Four persons diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection developed active TB because of poor compliance with treatment. After personnel disembarked from the ship, persistent efforts to identify persons with active disease and latent infections were successful in controlling further spread of tuberculosis in military units and local communities. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria isolated from the source patient and 16 of the other active cases were susceptible to all drugs commonly used to treat TB. C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 23803, Japan. RP LaMar, JE (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, 1887 Powhatan St, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 168 IS 7 BP 523 EP 527 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AM UT WOS:000186550300005 PM 12901459 ER PT J AU Blivin, SJ Pippins, J Annis, LG Lyons, F AF Blivin, SJ Pippins, J Annis, LG Lyons, F TI A comparative analysis of amlodipine and felodipine in a military outpatient population: Efficacy, outcomes, and cost considerations SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED-RELEASE; HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ER AB Background: This retrospective study compared the efficacy, tolerability, and cost of two dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. Methods: Charts of patients who had been on continuous antihypertensive therapy with amlodipine or felodipine for at least 6 months were reviewed. Analyses include mean changes in blood pressure, percentage of patients achieving blood pressure (BP) < 140/90 mm Hg, average dose, and cost per day of the two calcium channel blockers, average cost of additional medication, total medication cost per day, and cost to achieve BP control. Results: Eighty-seven percent of amlodipine-treated patients achieved BP control compared with 33% of felodipine-treated patients. Total medication cost to achieve BP control was $0.87 per day for patients on amlodipine compared with $1.79 per day for patients on felodipine. Conclusions: Amlodipine produced BP control in a greater percentage of patients than did felodipine at a lower total cost to achieve BP control. When evaluating the total cost of anti-hypertensive treatment, the cost of a drug alone can be misleading. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Pharm, Jacksonville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Pfizer Inc, Clin Educ, New York, NY USA. USN, Med Clin, Dept Primary Care, Quantico, VA 22134 USA. RP Blivin, SJ (reprint author), 5 Jamestown Court, Stafford, VA 22554 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 168 IS 7 BP 530 EP 535 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AM UT WOS:000186550300007 PM 12901461 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE Hourani, LL AF Gunderson, EKE Hourani, LL TI The epidemiology of personality disorders in the US Navy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENDER DIFFERENCES; PERSONNEL AB This study evaluated the incidence of first hospitalizations for personality disorders and their association with career outcomes for Navy enlisted personnel. Gender differences, rates for subtypes, and changes in hospital admission rates over time also were examined. Personnel who were first hospitalized with a personality disorder between 1980 and 1988 were followed through 1992 and were compared with a control group that did not manifest such pathology. Hospitalized personality disorder cases demonstrated pathology very early in their military careers, which was judged to have been present prior to enlistment in more than one-half of the cases. Women were more likely than men to have a first hospitalization for personality disorders. Rates in both men and women increased during the latter one-half of the 1980s and decreased during the early 1990s. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Longitudinal Studies & Hlth Sci Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gunderson, EKE (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Longitudinal Studies & Hlth Sci Program, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 168 IS 7 BP 575 EP 582 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AM UT WOS:000186550300017 PM 12901471 ER PT J AU Tippett, MK Anderson, JL Bishop, CH Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS AF Tippett, MK Anderson, JL Bishop, CH Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS TI Ensemble square root filters SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; ANALYSIS SCHEME; SYSTEM AB Ensemble data assimilation methods assimilate observations using state-space estimation methods and lowrank representations of forecast and analysis error covariances. A key element of such methods is the transformation of the forecast ensemble into an analysis ensemble with appropriate statistics. This transformation may be performed stochastically by treating observations as random variables, or deterministically by requiring that the updated analysis perturbations satisfy the Kalman filter analysis error covariance equation. Deterministic analysis ensemble updates are implementations of Kalman square root filters. The nonuniqueness of the deterministic transformation used in square root Kalman filters provides a framework to compare three recently proposed ensemble data assimilation methods. C1 Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY USA. GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Tippett, MK (reprint author), IRI LDEO, 223 Monell,POB 1000-61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 NR 23 TC 384 Z9 394 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 131 IS 7 BP 1485 EP 1490 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<1485:ESRF>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694FN UT WOS:000183763400018 ER PT J AU Aberson, SD Sampson, CR AF Aberson, SD Sampson, CR TI On the predictability of tropical cyclone tracks in the Northwest Pacific basin SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC BASIN AB A new Northwest Pacific climatology and persistence (CLIPER) model is derived with historical tropical cyclone tracks during the satellite and aircraft reconnaissance era ( 1970 - 95). The new CLIPER extends the forecasts from 3 to 5 days and exhibits smaller forecast biases than the previous CLIPER, although forecast errors are comparable. The new model is based on more accurate historical tropical cyclone track data, and a simpler derivation of the regression equations, than is the old model. Nonlinear systems analysis shows that the predictability timescale in which the average errors increase by a factor e is just over 15 h, which is about the same as that calculated by similar methods near Australia and in the North Atlantic. This suggests that 5-day tropical cyclone track forecasts may be beneficial, assuming small initial errors; therefore, a CLIPER model extended to 5 days is needed as a baseline to measure the forecast skill. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Aberson, SD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013 OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 131 IS 7 BP 1491 EP 1497 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<1491:OTPOTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694FN UT WOS:000183763400019 ER PT J AU Kushmerick, JG Naciri, J Yang, JC Shashidhar, R AF Kushmerick, JG Naciri, J Yang, JC Shashidhar, R TI Conductance scaling of molecular wires in parallel SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; MONOLAYERS; JUNCTION AB Charge transport across a metal-molecule-metal junction consisting of pi-conjugated molecular wires in a densely packed monolayer is studied as a function of junction area. The current-voltage characteristics, measured using a crossed-wire junction at different contact forces, scale onto a single curve. The integer scaling factors, ranging from 1 to 1119, are dictated by the number of molecules contacted in each measurement. These results demonstrate that the electronic conductance of an ensemble of molecules scales directly with the number of molecules in the junction. Our results, which also imply that molecular wires connected in parallel are not strongly coupled along their molecular backbone, should aid in the future development of molecular electronic devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kushmerick@nrl.navy.mill RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 23 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 3 IS 7 BP 897 EP 900 DI 10.1021/nl034201n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 700HV UT WOS:000184107300006 ER PT J AU Teukam, Z Chevallier, J Saguy, C Kalish, R Ballutaud, D Barbe, M Jomard, F Tromson-Carli, A Cytermann, C Butler, JE Bernard, M Baron, C Deneuville, A AF Teukam, Z Chevallier, J Saguy, C Kalish, R Ballutaud, D Barbe, M Jomard, F Tromson-Carli, A Cytermann, C Butler, JE Bernard, M Baron, C Deneuville, A TI Shallow donors with high n-type electrical conductivity in homoepitaxial deuterated boron-doped diamond layers SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN; DIFFUSION; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOSPHORUS; ENERGY; FILMS AB Diamond is a unique semiconductor for the fabrication of electronic and opto-electronic devices because of its exceptional physical and chemical properties. However, a serious obstacle to the realization of diamond-based devices is the lack of n-type diamond with satisfactory electrical properties. Here we show that high-conductivity n-type diamond can be achieved by deuteration of particularly selected homo-epitaxially grown (100) boron-doped diamond layers. Deuterium diffusion through the entire boron-doped layer leads to the passivation of the boron acceptors and to the conversion from highly p-type to n-type conductivity due to the formation of shallow donors with ionization energy of 0.23 eV. Electrical conductivities as high as 2 Omega(-1) cm(-1) with electron mobilities of the order of a few hundred cm(2) V-1 s(-1) are measured at 300 K for samples with electron concentrations of several 10(16) cm(-3). The formation and break-up of deuterium-related complexes, due to some excess deuterium in the deuterated layer, seem to be responsible for the reversible p- to n-type conversion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such an effect has been observed in an elemental semiconductor. C1 CNRS, UMR 8635, Lab Phys Solides & Cristallogenese, F-92195 Meudon, France. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNRS, Etud Proprietes Elect Solides Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. RP Chevallier, J (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 8635, Lab Phys Solides & Cristallogenese, 1 Pl A Briand, F-92195 Meudon, France. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 15 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 2 IS 7 BP 482 EP 486 DI 10.1038/nmat929 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 696ND UT WOS:000183892200024 PM 12876564 ER PT J AU Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Owens, MJ Kinkead, B Shlesinger, MF Gutman, DA Arguragi, V AF Mandell, AJ Selz, KA Owens, MJ Kinkead, B Shlesinger, MF Gutman, DA Arguragi, V TI Cellular and behavioral effects of D(2) dopamine receptor hydrophobic eigenmode-targeted peptide ligands SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Mathematical Modeling Mental Disorders and Processes CY JAN, 2002 CL ABISKO, SWEDEN DE D(2) dopamine receptor; hydrophobicity; wavelets; retro-inverso; peptide design; amphetamine ID FREE-ENERGY EIGENFUNCTIONS; RETRO-INVERSO-ENKEPHALINAMIDES; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; PREPULSE INHIBITION; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; MOTOR-ACTIVITY; UNSTRUCTURED PROTEINS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; DISORDERED PROTEIN AB Patterns in G-protein-coupled receptors' hydrophobically transformed amino-acid sequences can be computationally characterized as hierarchies of autocorrelation waves, 'hydrophobic eigenmodes,' using autocovariance matrix decomposition and all poles power spectral and wavelet transformations. L- or D-amino acid (retro-inverso) 12-18 residue peptides targeting these modes can be designed using eigenvector templates derived from these computations. In all, 12 human long-form D(2) dopamine receptor eigenmode-targeted 15 mer peptides were designed, synthesized, and shown to modulate and/or indirectly activate the extracellular acidification response, EAR, in stably receptor-transfected CHO and LtK cells, with an 83% hit rate. Representative L- and D-amino-acid retro-inverso peptides injected bilaterally in the nucleus accumbens demonstrated changes in rat exploratory behavior and prepulse inhibition similar to those observed following parenteral amphetamine. In contrast with geometric models used for ligand design, such as pharmacophores, the hydrophobic eigenmode approach to lead modulatory peptide design targets hydrophobic eigenmode-bearing subsequences, including those not visible from X-ray and NMR studies such as extracellular segments and loops. C1 Cielo Inst, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Math Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Neurosci & Mol Therapeut & Toxicol Training Prog, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Mandell, AJ (reprint author), Cielo Inst, 486 Sunset Dr, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM mandell@cieloinstitute.org RI Owens, Michael/G-5191-2012 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 58026] NR 126 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0893-133X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD JUL PY 2003 VL 28 SU 1 BP S98 EP S107 DI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300134 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 696LP UT WOS:000183888600015 PM 12827150 ER PT J AU Hoffer, ME Gottshall, K Kopke, RD Weisskopf, P Moore, R Allen, KA Wester, D AF Hoffer, ME Gottshall, K Kopke, RD Weisskopf, P Moore, R Allen, KA Wester, D TI Vestibular testing abnormalities in individuals with motion sickness SO OTOLOGY & NEUROTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Hypothesis: The goal of this study was to compare the results of vestibular testing in individuals with motion sickness to a group of control subjects. Background: Studying motion sickness is difficult, because no animal model has been developed and symptoms rarely occur outside motion environments. Tests that can be performed in normal laboratory settings, which help to identify individuals with motion sickness, may be valuable in characterizing this disorder. Methods: Twenty active duty military individuals with well-documented motion sickness were tested. The test battery included sinusoidal rotational chair testing to calculate vestibulo-ocular reflex function, step-velocity testing to calculate vestibular time constants, and posturography testing to assess vestibulo-spinal reflex status. The results of this test battery were compared with a set of age- and sex-matched controls without motion sickness. Results: Vestibular test abnormalities were demonstrated in individuals with motion sickness. Vestibulo-spinal reflex function on posturography was normal in the control group but abnormal in 70% of the individuals with motion sickness. In addition, 5% of the control group demonstrated a minimal shortening of the absolute time constant, whereas 60% of the individuals with motion sickness had abnormal absolute time constants. Conclusion: A significant percentage of individuals with motion sickness demonstrate abnormalities in their time constant or vestibulo-spinal reflex function. These abnormalities can be detected using standard, land-based vestibular tests. These preliminary results have implications in understanding the etiology of motion sickness and may provide outcome measures to be used in treating motion sickness. C1 USN, US Dept Def, San Diego Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr,Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Hoffer, ME (reprint author), USN, US Dept Def, San Diego Med Ctr, Spatial Orientat Ctr,Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1531-7129 J9 OTOL NEUROTOL JI Otol. Neurotol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1097/00129492-200307000-00017 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 702YR UT WOS:000184253100019 PM 12851557 ER PT J AU Bracker, AS Tischler, JG Korenev, VL Gammon, D AF Bracker, AS Tischler, JG Korenev, VL Gammon, D TI Polarized electrons, trions, and nuclei in charged quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2002 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID OPTICAL-SPECTRA; FINE-STRUCTURE; EXCITONS; WELLS AB We have investigated spin polarization in GaAs quantum dots. Excitons and trions are polarized directly by optical excitation and studied through polarization of photoluminescence. Electrons and nuclei are polarized indirectly through subsequent relaxation processes. Polarized electrons are identified by the Hanle effect for exciton and trion photoluminescence, while polarized nuclei are identified through the Overhauser effect in individual charged quantum dots. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 238 IS 2 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1002/pssb.200303030 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 703UP UT WOS:000184299800012 ER PT J AU Decaux, V Jacobs, VL Beiersdorfer, P Liedahl, DA Kahn, SM AF Decaux, V Jacobs, VL Beiersdorfer, P Liedahl, DA Kahn, SM TI Modeling of high-resolution K alpha emission spectra from Fe XVIII through Fe XXIV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; SUPER-NOVA REMNANTS; BEAM ION-TRAP; CROSS-SECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARES; PLASMAS; TRANSITIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; DIAGNOSTICS; HYDROGEN AB Results for Kalpha x-ray emission from highly charged iron ions, which were obtained from a detailed and systematic spectral model, are presented in the wavelength range from 1.84 to 1.94 Angstrom. Account has been taken of the fundamental atomic radiative-emission processes associated with inner-shell electron collisional excitation, inner-shell electron collisional ionization, as well as dielectronic recombination. Particular emphasis has been directed at the identification of spectral features that can serve as diagnostics of extreme nonequilibrium or transient-ionization conditions, which can occur in stellar flares and supernova remnants, as well as in tokamak plasmas. In order to investigate the fundamental Kalpha line-formation processes that can play a dominant role under these conditions, theoretical predictions have been compared with spectral observations of the EBIT-II x-ray emission from highly charged Fe ions in the electron-beam ion trap at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The observed spectroscopic features are found to be well represented by our theoretical calculations, validating earlier theoretical work on transient-ionization phenomena. We have identified spectral features that can serve as diagnostics of the electron density, the line-formation mechanism, and the charge-state distribution. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Decaux, V (reprint author), Novellus Syst, Surface Integr Grp, 4000 N 1st St,MS-30-1A, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 AR 012509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.012509 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 708MP UT WOS:000184571600059 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Ngai, KL Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Ngai, KL Roland, CM TI Connection between the high-frequency crossover of the temperature dependence of the relaxation time and the change of intermolecular coupling in glass-forming liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; HIGH-PRESSURE; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; O-TERPHENYL; DYNAMICS; MODEL; TRANSITION AB In this paper, an interpretation of the high-frequency crossover, observed for glass formers at temperature far above the glass transition, is described in terms of the large change in the heterogeneous character of the dynamics. For five prototypical glass formers, dielectric relaxation data spanning many decades were analyzed. Unlike the temperature behavior of the dielectric (structural) relaxation times tau(alpha), which deviate from a Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT) relationship, the non-cooperative relaxation times, tau(0), calculated using the coupling model, are well described by a single VFT over the entire temperature range. Thus, the dynamic crossover evident in tau(alpha) and other relaxation properties is suppressed for tau(0). This result suggests that the crossover is a direct consequence of the strong increase in intermolecular cooperativity (many-body effects), which also causes the dynamics of the system to become heterogeneous and non-exponential. This interpretation is consistent with recent findings concerning the pressure and temperature dependence of the dynamic crossover. Finally, a possible relationship of tau(0) to thermodynamic properties of the glass former is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 AR 014201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.014201 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708RN UT WOS:000184582900056 ER PT J AU Kuz'min, EV Ovchinnikov, SG Singh, DJ AF Kuz'min, EV Ovchinnikov, SG Singh, DJ TI Effect of frustrations on magnetism in the Ru double perovskite Sr2YRuO6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOTT TRANSITION; LATTICE; SPIN; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FERROMAGNETISM AB Localized Ru5+ spins in Sr2YRuO6 form a fcc lattice with an antiferromagnetic (AFM) nearest-neighbor (NN) coupling J approximate to 25 meV and rather low Neel temperature T-N= 26 K. Analysis of the electronic structure of Sr2RuO4 results in the effective Heisenberg model. We have studied the effect of frustrations on the AFM type-I structure of Sr2YRuO6 in the spin-wave approximation. In the model with only NN coupling the AFM state is unstable due to frustrations, and T-N = 0. Stabilization of the AFM state occurs due to the next-nearest-neighbor coupling I or due to the magnetic anisotropy D. Very small values D/J similar to I/J less than or equal to 10(-3) are enough to obtain the experimental values of T-N and sublattice magnetization m = 1.85 mu(B) /Ru (62% from the nominal S = 3/2 value). C1 Krasnoyarsk State Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660074, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, LV Kirensky Phys Inst, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krasnoyarsk State Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660074, Russia. EM sgo@iph.krasn.ru RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 AR 024409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.024409 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XC UT WOS:000185229500046 ER PT J AU Park, K Pederson, MR Richardson, SL Aliaga-Alcalde, N Christou, G AF Park, K Pederson, MR Richardson, SL Aliaga-Alcalde, N Christou, G TI Density-functional theory calculation of the intermolecular exchange interaction in the magnetic Mn-4 dimer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; APPROXIMATION; SYSTEMS AB The dimeric form of the single-molecule magnet [Mn4O3Cl4(O2CEt)(3)(py)(3)](2) recently revealed interesting phenomena: no quantum tunneling at zero field and tunneling before magnetic-field reversal. This is attributed to substantial antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between different monomers. The intermolecular exchange interaction, electronic structure, and magnetic properties of this molecular magnet are calculated using density-functional theory within generalized-gradient approximation. Calculations are in good agreement with experiment. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM park@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Aliaga-Alcalde, Nuria/H-5886-2011; Christou, George /A-3072-2014 OI Aliaga-Alcalde, Nuria/0000-0003-1080-3862; NR 22 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 AR 020405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.020405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XC UT WOS:000185229500009 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, DJ TI Quantum critical behavior and possible triplet superconductivity in electron-doped CoO2 sheets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FERROMAGNETISM; COEXISTENCE; SR2RUO4; NACO2O4; STATES AB Density-functional calculations are used to investigate the doping dependence of the electronic structure and magnetic properties in hexagonal NaxCoO2. The electronic structure is highly two dimensional, even without accounting for the structural changes associated with hydration. At the local spin-density approximation level, a weak itinerant ferromagnetic state is predicted for all doping levels in range x=0.3 to x=0.7, with competing but weaker itinerant antiferromagnetic solutions. Comparison with experiment implies substantial magnetic quantum fluctuations. Based on the simple Fermi surface and the ferromagnetic tendency of this material, it is speculated that a triplet superconducting state analogous to that in Sr2RuO4 may exist here. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 38 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 AR 020503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.020503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XC UT WOS:000185229500013 ER PT J AU Liebovitch, LS Schwartz, IB AF Liebovitch, LS Schwartz, IB TI Information flow dynamics and timing patterns in the arrival of email viruses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; PERCOLATION; INTERNET AB Analysis of the timing of the arrival of email viruses at different computers provides a way of probing the structural and dynamical properties of the Internet. We found that the intervals t between the arrival of four different strains of email viruses have a power law distribution proportional to t(-d), where 1.5less than or equal todless than or equal to3.2 and that there are positive correlations between these intervals. Salient features of the data were reproduced with a model having subnetwork units of different size where the structural components and the dynamical components all have power law scaling relationships with the size of the units. This is an assumption, that we hope will encourage empirical evaluation of these relationships. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Ctr Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Dept Psychol, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6792, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 AR 017101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.017101 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 708RK UT WOS:000184582500102 PM 12935285 ER PT J AU Peng, MS Thompson, WT AF Peng, MS Thompson, WT TI Some aspects of the effect of surface friction on flows over mountains SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE boundary layer; mountain gravity wave; terrain profile ID SHALLOW-WATER FLOW; PAST ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; 3 SPATIAL DIMENSIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; OROGRAPHIC DRAG; STRATIFIED FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB The effect of surface friction on flow over mountains in stratified fluids is investigated using a two-dimensional version of the Naval Research Laboratory's non-hydrostatic Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Without surface friction, flow over a mountain attains a maximum speed at the surface on the lee slope. With surface friction, the flow speed vanishes at the surface and reaches it maximum near the top of the boundary layer (BL). Corresponding to this wind distribution is it shallow layer of very large vertical wind shear beneath the jet maximum and a weaker but deeper sheared layer elsewhere. This strong shear generates maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) at the jet maximum region. Meanwhile. the buoyancy effect associated with the mountain gravity wave inhibits the production of the TKE above the jet maximum region. The combined effects of shear and buoyancy lead to a very shallow BL on the lee slope. In general, surface friction reduces the amplitude of mountain gravity waves. Comparison of the flow fields with the outline of the BL height indicates that flow characteristics correspond closely to the distribution of the BL height. It is hypothesized that the reduction in mountain-wave amplitude in the presence of surface friction is due to the reduction in the slope of the BL height as compared to the terrain height. For narrower and/or higher mountains, the BL height exhibits a secondary peak on the lee side that further modifies the wave. Simulations using the BL height as a solid mountain without surface friction confirm that characteristics of flow over the mountain are associated with the distribution of BL height rather than the terrain height field. As the non-dimensional mountain height increases, the magnitude of the effect of surface friction decreases due to decreasing BL depth on the lee side, with the result that the BL height profile becomes closer to the terrain height field. The effect of surface friction on asymmetric mountains is also investigated. Without surface friction, the pressure drag shows distinctive reduction with a secondary peak on the downstream side, but the effect is less when the secondary peak is on the upstream side. With surface friction, all three mountains have similar pressure drag. corresponding to their similar BL height profiles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Code 7532,7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 129 IS 593 BP 2527 EP 2557 DI 10.1256/qj.02.06 PN B PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 719DD UT WOS:000185187600005 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Xia, XG Root, BT Chen, VC AF Wang, GY Xia, XG Root, BT Chen, VC TI Moving target detection in over-the-horizon radar using adaptive chirplet transform SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE moving target detection; over-the-horizon radar; time-frequency distribution ( analysis); clutter rejection; adaptive chirplet transform ID MANEUVERING TARGETS; SHIP DETECTION AB [1] In over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) moving target detection, the signal to clutter ratio (SCR) is low for slow targets near the clutter, such as ships. One method to detect a moving target is to first reject the clutter and improve the SCR before the detection, such as the adaptive Fourier transform developed by Root [1998a, 1998b, 1998c] when a target moves uniformly. When a target does not move uniformly, the Fourier-based techniques for the target detection including superresolution techniques may not work well. In this paper, we propose an adaptive chirplet transform technique in the Doppler processing in OTHR as an alternative of the Fourier transform technique when a target moves nonuniformly. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Div Radar, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, GY (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 AR 1062 DI 10.1029/2002RS002621 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 698WV UT WOS:000184023100001 ER PT J AU Brodine, S Shafer, MA AF Brodine, S Shafer, MA TI Combating chlamydia in the military: Why aren't we winning the war? SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; FEMALE SOLDIERS; RISK; PREVENTION C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Brodine, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 30 IS 7 BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1097/00007435-200307000-00003 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 699CE UT WOS:000184037700003 PM 12838081 ER PT J AU Walton, R Manos, GH AF Walton, R Manos, GH TI Psychosis related to ephedra-containing herbal supplement use SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Uniformed-Service-Psychiatrists CY MAY 05, 2001 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Uniformed Serv Psychiatrists ID MA-HUANG; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; ALKALOIDS AB Ephedra, a psychoactive substance with stimulant properties, is found in many herbal products. Often perceived by the lay public as benign, the potential health-related dangers of using these products are beginning to be recognized. We review four cases associated with ephedra-containing herbal products and report three additional cases. Unlike the previously reported cases, the patients presented in this report developed persistent psychosis that required psychopharmaceutical management. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Manos, GH (reprint author), 2054 Hallmark Way, Chesapeake, VA 23323 USA. EM ghmanos@mar.med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 96 IS 7 BP 718 EP 720 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000054913.04507.68 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831CE UT WOS:000222169700024 PM 12940331 ER PT J AU Moran, D AF Moran, D TI Modern insurgencies and counter-insurgencies: Guerrillas and their opponents since 1750 SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Moran, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 351 EP 353 DI 10.1177/096834450301000309 PG 3 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 681UG UT WOS:000183053500010 ER PT J AU Ritchie, GD Still, KR Rossi, J Bekkedal, MYV Bobb, AJ Arfsten, DP AF Ritchie, GD Still, KR Rossi, J Bekkedal, MYV Bobb, AJ Arfsten, DP TI Biological and health effects of exposure to kerosene-based jet fuels and performance additives SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PETROLEUM MIDDLE DISTILLATES; AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL; HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RAT HEPATOMA-CELLS; BENZENE METABOLITES; TOLUENE EMBRYOPATHY; INHALATION EXPOSURE AB Over 2 million military and civilian personnel per year ( over 1 million in the United States) are occupationally exposed, respectively, to jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8), JP-8 + 100 or JP-5, or to the civil aviation equivalents Jet A or Jet A-1. Approximately 60 billion gallons of these kerosene-based jet fuels are annually consumed worldwide ( 26 billion gallons in the United States), including over 5 billion gallons of JP-8 by the militaries of the United States and other NATO countries. JP-8, for example, represents the largest single chemical exposure in the U. S. military (2.53 billion gallons in 2000), while Jet A and A-1 are among the most common sources of nonmilitary occupational chemical exposure. Although more recent figures were not available, approximately 4.06 billion gallons of kerosene per se were consumed in the United States in 1990 (IARC, 1992). These exposures may occur repeatedly to raw fuel, vapor phase, aerosol phase, or fuel combustion exhaust by dermal absorption, pulmonary inhalation, or oral ingestion routes. Additionally, the public may be repeatedly exposed to lower levels of jet fuel vapor/aerosol or to fuel combustion products through atmospheric contamination, or to raw fuel constituents by contact with contaminated groundwater or soil. Kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels are complex mixtures of up to 260+ aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (C-6-C17+; possibly 2000+ isomeric forms), including varying concentrations of potential toxicants such as benzene, n-hexane, toluene, xylenes, trimethylpentane, methoxyethanol, naphthalenes ( including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], and certain other C-9-C-12 fractions (i.e., n-propylbenzene, trimethylbenzene isomers). While hydrocarbon fuel exposures occur typically at concentrations below current permissible exposure limits (PELs) for the parent fuel or its constituent chemicals, it is unknown whether additive or synergistic interactions among hydrocarbon constituents, up to six performance additives, and other environmental exposure factors may result in unpredicted toxicity. While there is little epidemiological evidence for fuel-induced death, cancer, or other serious organic disease in fuel-exposed workers, large numbers of self-reported health complaints in this cohort appear to justify study of more subtle health consequences. A number of recently published studies reported acute or persisting biological or health effects from acute, subchronic, or chronic exposure of humans or animals to kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels, to constituent chemicals of these fuels, or to fuel combustion products. This review provides an in-depth summary of human, animal, and in vitro studies of biological or health effects from exposure to JP-8, JP-8 + 100, JP-5, Jet A, Jet A-1, or kerosene. C1 NHRC TD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ritchie, GD (reprint author), NHRC TD, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glenn.ritchie@wpafb.af.mil OI Bobb, Andrew/0000-0002-2369-8566 NR 420 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 EI 1521-6950 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 BP 357 EP 451 DI 10.1080/10937400390198655 PG 95 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 682CX UT WOS:000183074600002 PM 12775519 ER PT J AU Shah, AK Buck, WR AF Shah, AK Buck, WR TI Plate bending stresses at axial highs, and implications for faulting behavior SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mid-ocean ridges; East Pacific Rise; seafloor morphology; faults; bending stresses; flexure; crustal thermal structure; hydrothermal circulation ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; ABYSSAL HILL FORMATION; FAST SPREADING RIDGES; SEA BEAM BATHYMETRY; OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; MELT EXPERIMENT; SEAMARC-II; CONSTRAINTS AB We develop flexural models of axial high topography which include the effects of plastic yielding, and use the results to examine the contribution of plate bending stresses and strains to fault patterns at the East Pacific Rise (EPR). The lithosphere responds to buoyancy near the ridge axis created by the presence of elevated temperatures and melt within the crust. Parameterizing these quantities, we find topography at wide axial highs can be fit assuming the crust cools to lithosphere temperatures to 3-4 km depth within similar to2 km from the axis, and the presence of 20-30% melt in the lower crust. A trade-off in buoyancy implies the greater the amount of crustal cooling, the less melt is required. Significant crustal cooling leads to lithospheric strengthening, but plastic bending effects allow the plate to deflect over the distance needed to fit the observed axial relief. The plate develops at the axis with non-zero curvature, and 'unbends' as it moves away from the axis, placing a section of the upper surface or seafloor into extension. Seafloor stresses are extensional beginning a few kilometers from the axis, and continuing up to distances of similar to 35 km from the axis for models that fit wide axial high topography. A compilation of previous faulting studies at the EPR reveals that distance from the axis over which fault slip remains active appears to depend on the width of the axial high: for narrow highs, this region is confined to at most 15 km from the axis; but at wider axial highs it reaches distances of 20-45 km, comparable to regions of extension predicted by the flexural models. The model strain can be as large as 1.9%, amounting to half the observed strain assuming a fault slip angle of 45degrees, but most strain assuming a slip angle of 60degrees. These results strongly suggest that bending stresses contribute significantly to normal faulting on the flanks of fast-spreading ridges, and may have a strong influence on faulting patterns there. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Shah, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7420,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 211 IS 3-4 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00187-0 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 694UF UT WOS:000183792400011 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC AF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC TI The need to reconsider traditional free volume theory for polymer electrolytes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Polymer Electrolytes CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USA, Res Off, USN, Res Off, US DOE DE electrical conductivity; complex impedance; lithium electrolytes; high pressure ID ION-CONDUCTING POLYMERS; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; ACTIVATION ENERGY; RELATIVE ROLES; HIGH-PRESSURE; RELAXATION AB Pressure-temperature-volume (PVT) data have been obtained for poly(propylene glycol) of molecular weight 1025 containing LiCF3SO3 in the mole ratio 20:1. The PVT data were used to calculate the specific volumes, V/V-P=0,V-T=296 K, associated with the pressures and temperatures for previously published variable temperature, high-pressure electrical conductivity data. It is found that the electrical conductivity depends strongly on temperature at a constant volume. Consequently, traditional free volume theory is not consistent with the data. Finally, it is shown that the features of the electrical conductivity data can be accounted for by a recently developed generalized Vogel theory. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Fontanella, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jjf@usna.edu NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 14-16 BP 2267 EP 2272 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(03)00213-5 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 701NX UT WOS:000184174600044 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Lankford, AR Schoen, PE AF Chiou, BS Lankford, AR Schoen, PE TI Mechanical and dielectric properties of polymer composites containing tubules SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tubule composite; lipid tubules; surface tension; dielectric properties ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PERCOLATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; SYSTEMS AB The thermal, dynamic mechanical, and dielectric properties of copper-coated lipid tubules incorporated into three polyurethane matrices with varying surface tensions have been examined. The tubules did not affect the glass-transition temperature of the polymer matrices, indicating that the tubule-polymer interactions may not be strong enough to restrict the mobility of polymer chains near the filler surface. The composite's elastic modulus can also be adequately modeled using the Nielsen equation. In addition, the real part of the permittivity for the composites increased monotonically over the tubule concentration range. All samples had a small imaginary part of the permittivity, indicating the tubule concentrations were below the percolation threshold concentration. Also, the three types of matrices had comparable permittivity values at each tubule concentration, suggesting the polymer surface tension did not affect the tubule distribution in the composite. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Schoen, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 28 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 14 BP 3218 EP 3224 DI 10.1002/app.12068 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 670TP UT WOS:000182425400023 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW TI Hydrostatic correction for sigma coordinate ocean models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sigma coordinate ocean model; horizontal pressure gradient error; hydrostatic correction; finite volume scheme; high-order scheme ID COMPACT DIFFERENCE SCHEME; PRESSURE-GRADIENT FORCE; ERROR AB How to reduce the horizontal pressure gradient error is a key issue in terrain-following coastal models. The horizontal pressure gradient splits into two parts, and incomplete cancellation of the truncation errors of those parts cause the error. Use of the finite volume discretization leads to a conserved scheme for pressure gradient computation that has better truncation properties with high accuracy. The analytical coastal topography and seamount test cases are used to evaluate the new scheme. The accuracy of the new scheme is comparable to the sixth-order combined compact scheme (with an error reduction by a factor of 70 comparing to the second-order scheme) with mild topography and much better than the sixth-order combined compact scheme with steep topography. The computational efficiency of the new scheme is comparable to the second-order difference scheme. The two characteristics, high accuracy and computational efficiency, make this scheme useful for the sigma coordinate ocean models. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 328, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM pcchu@nps.navy.mil NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 27 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C6 AR 3206 DI 10.1029/2002JC001668 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 708VP UT WOS:000184590700005 ER PT J AU Parks, AD AF Parks, AD TI A weak energy stationary action principle for quantum state evolution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE; TIME; NONLOCALITY; PHASE AB It is shown that the actual paths in Hilbert space followed by a finite set of n greater than or equal to 2 quantum states evolving between initial and final end point configurations are such that an associated weak energy functional defined by Pancharatnam phases and state separation distances in projective Hilbert space determined by the generalized Fubini-Study metric is stationary for all variations of these phases, separations and time which vanish at the end points. Noether's theorem is used to identify two weak energy conservation laws which are shown to be the analogues of the momentum and energy conservation laws of Langrangian mechanics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Parks, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Quantum Proc Grp, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD JUN 27 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 25 BP 7185 EP 7192 AR PII S0305-4470(03)60378-1 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/36/25/318 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 706CX UT WOS:000184435400020 ER PT J AU Randall, CE Rusch, DW Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Lumpe, JD Shettle, E Thompson, E Deaver, L Zawodny, J Kyro, E Johnson, B Kelder, H Dorokhov, VM Konig-Langlo, G Gil, M AF Randall, CE Rusch, DW Bevilacqua, RM Hoppel, KW Lumpe, JD Shettle, E Thompson, E Deaver, L Zawodny, J Kyro, E Johnson, B Kelder, H Dorokhov, VM Konig-Langlo, G Gil, M TI Validation of POAM III ozone: Comparisons with ozonesonde and satellite data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; validation; POAM; solar occultation; SAGE; HALOE ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SAGE-II; POLAR OZONE; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ATMOS EXPERIMENT; PROFILES; VARIABILITY; INSTRUMENT AB This paper describes the validation of ozone profiles from the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument. POAM III O-3 is measured with 1-km vertical resolution throughout most of the stratosphere and random errors of similar to5%. It is shown that sunspots do not significantly affect the POAM O-3 retrievals, nor do polar stratospheric clouds, except under rarely encountered, extreme conditions of very low O-3 and exceptionally high aerosol extinction. A statistical analysis is presented of comparisons between coincident measurements from POAM III and ozonesondes, the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II. On average, POAM III O-3 profiles agree to within +/-5% with these correlative data from 13 to 60 km. There is a suggestion that from 30 to 60 km POAM III sunrise data might be biased slightly low (<5%) relative to POAM sunset data. There is evidence that POAM III has a high bias of up to similar to 0.1 ppmv from 10 to 12 km, and that this bias might stem, in part, from errors in the retrieval of aerosol extinction at 0.6 mm, the primary O-3 absorption wavelength in the POAM retrievals. Below 10 km the POAM III data agree with coincident sonde measurements to better than 0.05 ppmv on average, which can correspond to large relative differences of more than +30% at 8-9 km and -100% at 5 km. We conclude that the POAM III profiles are highly accurate and adequate for quantitative scientific studies. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA USA. GATS Inc, Newport News, VA USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, Spdankyla Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. NOAA CMDL, Boulder, CO USA. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, LATMOS, Torrejon De Arroz, Spain. RP Randall, CE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM randall@lasp.colorado.edu; rusch@lasp.colorado.edu; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; karl.hoppel@nrl.navy.mil; lumpe@cpi.com; shettle@nrl.navy.mil; r.e.thompson@larc.nasa.gov; l.e.deaver@larc.nasa.gov; j.m.zawodny@larc.nasa.gov; esko.kyro@fmi.fi; Bryan.Johnson@noaa.gov; Hennie.Kelder@knmi.nl; vdor@caomsk.mipt.ru; gkoenig@awi-bremerhaven.de; gilm@inta.es RI Konig-Langlo, Gert/K-5048-2012; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Konig-Langlo, Gert/0000-0002-6100-4107; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 32 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 26 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D12 AR 4367 DI 10.1029/2002JD002944 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 708QA UT WOS:000184578400003 ER PT J AU Makela, JJ Kelley, MC AF Makela, JJ Kelley, MC TI Using the 630.0-nm nightglow emission as a surrogate for the ionospheric Pedersen conductivity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Pedersen conductivity; airglow imaging; 630.0 nm ID MIDLATITUDE SPREAD-F; ATOMIC OXYGEN; AIRGLOW; REGION; ATMOSPHERE; DIFFUSION; DENSITY; PLASMA; MODEL; RADAR AB [1] We develop a technique to create two-dimensional maps of the field line integrated, F-layer Pedersen conductivity from images of the 630.0-nm emission at midlatitudes. By modeling the 630.0-nm and the height-integrated Pedersen conductivity, we show that the former can be used as a surrogate for the latter to within 0.2 mhos if information on the height of the F-layer is known. A simple thin-shell model is used to convert the height-integrated conductivity to field line integrated conductivity, a more useful parameter in the study of midlatitude ionospheric dynamics. Two nights are studied using this technique, one with a gradient in electron density seen to the south and one with severe depletions. In the latter case, bands of alternating low and high field line integrated Pedersen conductivity are seen to align from the northwest to southeast, just as predicted by Perkins [1973]. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7607, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jmakela@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; mikek@ece.cornell.edu NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 26 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A6 AR 1253 DI 10.1029/2003JA009894 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 708WL UT WOS:000184593000010 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Maring, HB AF Reid, JS Maring, HB TI Foreword to special section on the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material DE dust; Sahara; Africa; aerosol; Caribbean; remote sensing ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; AEROSOL; CLIMATOLOGY; TRANSPORT; ABSORPTION; SATELLITE C1 Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 24 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 8585 DI 10.1029/2003JD003510 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 698LB UT WOS:000184000100001 ER PT J AU Aifer, EH Jackson, EM Boishin, G Whitman, LJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Culbertson, JC Bennett, BR AF Aifer, EH Jackson, EM Boishin, G Whitman, LJ Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Culbertson, JC Bennett, BR TI Very-long wave ternary antimonide superlattice photodiode with 21 mu m cutoff SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DETECTORS AB We describe a ternary antimonide superlattice photodiode with a 21 mum cutoff wavelength. The active region consists of 150 periods of 10 monolayers (MLs) of In0.07Ga0.93Sb and 19 MLs of InAs with InSb-like interfacial bonds. The device has a detectivity of 3 x 10(9) cmrootHz/W, dynamic impedance-area product of 0.18 Omega cm(2), and peak external quantum efficiency of 3% at 40 K. X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy show the structure to have a high degree of order with abrupt interfaces. A simulation of the absorption spectrum effectively reproduces the observed spectrum. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM aifer@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 25 BP 4411 EP 4413 DI 10.1063/1.1584518 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 690PK UT WOS:000183557300001 ER PT J AU Schauer, CL Chen, MS Chatterley, M Eisemann, K Welsh, ER Price, RR Schoen, PE Ligler, FS AF Schauer, CL Chen, MS Chatterley, M Eisemann, K Welsh, ER Price, RR Schoen, PE Ligler, FS TI Color changes in chitosan and poly(allyl amine) films upon metal binding SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE chitosan; poly(allyl amine); hydrochloride ID CHEMICALLY-MODIFIED CHITOSAN; HG2+ ADSORPTION; CROSS-LINKING; CHITIN; SEPARATION; MEMBRANES; REMOVAL; CR(VI); PB2+; SPECTROSCOPY AB The intense coloration of butterflies, snakes, hummingbirds and arthropods is due to reflective interference by stacked thin film layers of alternating high and low index of refraction materials. By controlling film thickness, it is also possible to create a single layer film of similar materials with well-defined color. Cross-linked chitosan and poly(allyl amine) hydrochloride thin films were assembled by dropping a dilute solution onto a spinning silicon substrate. Film quality and reproducibility were investigated, as well as the effects of cross-linking. Control of thickness could be used to determine film color. When dipped into a variety of metal ion solutions, the cross-linked films changed in thickness and color. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schauer, Caroline/A-1020-2007; Schauer, Caroline/D-5350-2013 NR 33 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 23 PY 2003 VL 434 IS 1-2 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00055-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 693DL UT WOS:000183700000037 ER PT J AU Kuklja, MM Zerilli, FJ Peiris, SM AF Kuklja, MM Zerilli, FJ Peiris, SM TI Ab initio 0 K isotherm for crystalline 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE TRINITRAMINE; COMPRESSION AB The ab initio calculation of the 0 K isotherm of the organic molecular crystal 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (C2H4N4O4), also known as FOX-7, is accomplished by means of solutions of the many-body Schrodinger equation in a periodic crystal lattice. It was found that the Hartree-Fock method is adequate to represent the behavior of the material and that, in general, density functional methods give inferior results. Initially, calculations were done assuming rigid molecules under compression. In further calculations the internal molecular bond lengths were optimized for each value of compression. Finally, calculations were performed in which all the molecular coordinates were optimized. The results are compared with experimental x-ray diffraction data obtained by compressing samples in diamond anvil cells. Excellent agreement is obtained when the molecular coordinates are completely optimized. In addition, FOX-7 is highly anisotropic and this anisotropy must be taken into account to obtain good agreement with hydrostatic compression data. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res & Technol Dept, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Kuklja, MM (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 24 BP 11073 EP 11078 DI 10.1063/1.1576211 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 687XL UT WOS:000183402200028 ER PT J AU Biermann, ML Diaz-Barriga, J Rabinovich, WS AF Biermann, ML Diaz-Barriga, J Rabinovich, WS TI Optical approach for determining strain anisotropy in quantum wells SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INDUCED UNIAXIAL STRAIN; K-P THEORY; STRESS; RELAXATION; SUBBANDS; LASERS AB Anisotropic in-plane strain arises in quantum-well systems by design or unintentionally. We propose two methods of measuring the in-plane strain anisotropy based on the optical polarization anisotropy that a, rises with anisotropic in-plane strain. One method uses purely optical means to determine the strain anisotropy in quantum wells under a compressive strain that is spatially varying. A second approach, applicable to quantum wells under tensile strain or with strain that does not vary with position, requires the application of a uniaxial in-plane stress. Although the second method is experimentally,more difficult, it allows analysis of systems that would otherwise be inaccessible. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Biermann, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM biermann@usna.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 18 BP 3558 EP 3563 DI 10.1364/AO.42.003558 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 692LC UT WOS:000183661700019 PM 12833961 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI On the fluctuating component of the Sun's large-scale magnetic field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID SOLAR-WIND; MERIDIONAL FLOW; POLAR FIELDS; FLUX; PERIODICITIES; EVOLUTION; CYCLE-21; PERIOD AB The Sun's large-scale magnetic field and its proxies are known to undergo substantial variations on time-scales much less than a solar cycle but longer than a rotation period. Examples of such variations include the double activity maximum inferred by Gnevyshev, the large peaks in the interplanetary field strength observed in 1982 and 1991, and the 1.3 - 1.4 yr periodicities detected over limited time intervals in solar wind speed and geomagnetic activity. We consider the question of the extent to which these variations are stochastic in nature. For this purpose, we simulate the evolution of the Sun's equatorial dipole strength and total open flux under the assumption that the active region sources ( BMRs) are distributed randomly in longitude. The results are then interpreted with the help of a simple random walk model including dissipation. We find that the equatorial dipole and open flux generally exhibit multiple peaks during each 11 yr cycle, with the highest peak as likely to occur during the declining phase as at sunspot maximum. The widths of the peaks are determined by the timescale tau similar to 1 yr for the equatorial dipole to decay through the combined action of meridional flow, differential rotation, and supergranular diffusion. The amplitudes of the fluctuations depend on the strengths and longitudinal phase relations of the BMRs, as well as on the relative rates of flux emergence and decay. We conclude that stochastic processes provide a viable explanation for the "Gnevyshev gaps '' and for the existence of quasi periodicities in the range similar to1-3 yr. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 590 IS 2 BP 1111 EP 1120 DI 10.1086/375026 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 688WA UT WOS:000183459200043 ER PT J AU Doron, R Doschek, GA Laming, JM Feldman, U Bhatia, AK AF Doron, R Doschek, GA Laming, JM Feldman, U Bhatia, AK TI Temperature measurements in the solar transition region using NIII line intensity ratios SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation; techniques : spectroscopic ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; BORON-LIKE IONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; QUIET-SUN; SUMER TELESCOPE; CROSS-SECTIONS; CORONAL HOLES; N-III; O-IV; ULTRAVIOLET AB UV emission from B-like N and O ions offers a rather rare opportunity for recording spectral lines in a narrow wavelength range that can potentially be used to derive temperatures relevant to the solar transition region. In these ions, the line intensity ratios of the type (2s2p(2) - 2p(3))/(2s(2)2p - 2s2p2) are very sensitive to the electron temperature. In addition, the lines involving the ratios fall within a range of only similar to12Angstrom; in N III the lines fall in the 980 - 992 Angstrom range, and in O IV in the 780 - 791 Angstrom range. In this work, we explore the use of these atomic systems, primarily in N III, for temperature diagnostics of the transition region by analyzing UV spectra obtained by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation spectrometer. own on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. The N III temperature-sensitive line ratios are measured in more than 60 observations. The mean measured ratios are lower by similar to30% than those predicted in the typical quiet Sun. Assuming an isothermal plasma, most of the measured ratios correspond to temperatures in the range 5.7 x 10(4) - 6.7 x 10(4) K. This range is considerably lower than the calculated temperature of maximum abundance of N III, which is similar to7.6 x 10(4) K. Detailed analysis of the spectra further indicates that the measured ratios are probably somewhat overestimated because of resonant scattering effects in the 2s(2)2p - 2s2p(2) lines and small blends in the 2s2p(2)-2p(3) lines. Actual lower ratios would only increase the discrepancy between the ionization balance calculations and present temperature measurements based on a collisional excitation model. In the case of the O IV spectra, we determine that because of the close proximity in wavelength of the weak line (2s2p(2) - 2p(3) transitions) to a strong Ne vIII line, sufficiently accurate ratio measurements cannot be obtained. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Doron, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 590 IS 2 BP 1121 EP 1130 DI 10.1086/375185 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 688WA UT WOS:000183459200044 ER PT J AU Yusef-Zadeh, F Nord, M Wardle, M Law, C Lang, C Lazio, TJW AF Yusef-Zadeh, F Nord, M Wardle, M Law, C Lang, C Lazio, TJW TI Nonthermal emission from the Arches cluster (G0.121+0.017) and the origin of gamma-ray emission from 3EG J1746-2851 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; cosmic rays; galaxy : center; X-rays : ISM ID EARLY-TYPE STARS; GALACTIC-CENTER; MASSIVE STARS; RADIO; ACCELERATION; FILAMENTS; WINDS; HOT AB High-resolution Very Large Array observations of the Arches cluster near the Galactic center show evidence of continuum emission at lambda = 3.6, 6, 20, and 90 cm. The continuum emission at lambda = 90 cm is particularly striking because thermal sources generally become optically thick at longer wavelengths and fall off in brightness, whereas nonthermal sources increase in brightness. It is argued that the radio emission from this unique source has compact and diffuse components produced by thermal and nonthermal processes, respectively. Compact sources within the cluster arise from stellar winds of mass-losing stars, whereas diffuse emission is likely to be due to colliding wind shocks of the cluster flow that generate relativistic particles that are due to diffuse shock acceleration. We also discuss the possibility that gamma-ray emission from 3EG J1746-2851, located within 3.'3 of the Arches cluster, results from the inverse Compton scattering of the radiation field of the cluster. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM zadeh@northwestern.edu; michael.nord@nrl.navy.mil; wardle@physics.mq.edu.au; claw@northwestern.edu; cornelia-lang@uiowa.edu; joseph.lazio@nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 590 IS 2 BP L103 EP L106 DI 10.1086/376854 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 688WE UT WOS:000183459600010 ER PT J AU Baruah, T Pederson, MR AF Baruah, T Pederson, MR TI Density functional study of the conformers of CO4-based single-molecule magnet SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CO4; single-molecule magnets; magnetic anisotropy energy; density functional theory ID V-15 SPIN SYSTEM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CLUSTER; COBALT; APPROXIMATION AB We present a detailed density functional theory-based investigation on the geometry and electronic structure of the [Co-4(hmp)(4)(MeOH)(4)Cl-4] molecule. It is experimentally found to behave as a molecular magnet. The all-electron electronic structure calculations and geometry optimization of the 88-atom molecule were carried out within the generalized gradient approximation to the exchange correlation energy. We also study the electronic structures and geometries of a few low-lying conformers of this molecule. It is found that the magnetic anisotropy energy is highly sensitive to the geometric structure of the molecule. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 93: 324-331, 2003 C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Pederson, MR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6392, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 5 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1002/qua.10491 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 684QM UT WOS:000183218100002 ER PT J AU Cao, JJ Kulkarni, SS Husbands, SM Bowen, WD Williams, W Kopajtic, T Katz, JL George, C Newman, AH AF Cao, JJ Kulkarni, SS Husbands, SM Bowen, WD Williams, W Kopajtic, T Katz, JL George, C Newman, AH TI Dual probes for the dopamine transporter and sigma(1) receptors: novel piperazinyl alkyl-bis(4 '-fluorophenyl)amine analogues as potential cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE; MONOAMINE TRANSPORTERS; 1-<2-ETHYL>-4-(3-PHENYLPROPYL)PIPERAZINES GBR-12935; PIPERIDINE ANALOGS; RIMCAZOLE ANALOGS; LIGANDS; BINDING; DERIVATIVES; AFFINITY; 1-<2-(DIPHENYLMETHOXY)ETHYL>-4-(3-PHENYLPROPYL)PIPERAZINES AB Both dopamine uptake inhibitors and sigma(1) receptor antagonists have been implicated as potential pharmacotherapeutics for the treatment of cocaine abuse. While the dopamine uptake inhibitors may share with cocaine neurochemical mechanisms underlying reinforcing properties, sigma(1) antagonists have been shown to attenuate some behavioral actions and toxic side effects associated with cocaine overdose. Rimcazole, a sigma(1) receptor antagonist that binds to the DAT (K-i = 224 nM), is not behaviorally cocaine-like and attenuates some of the behavioral actions of cocaine. To determine the roles of both DAT and sigma(1) receptors in the behavioral actions of rimcazole, a series of analogues was synthesized. Initial studies identified two analogues. (1 and 4) that showed high to moderate affinities for both DAT and sigma(1) receptors and failed to show cocaine-like discriminative stimulus (DS) effects. A second series of bis(4'-fluorophenyl)amine analogues have now been prepared in which the most potent DAT compound, 19 (K-i = 8.5 nM), was selective over serotonin transporter (SERT/DAT = 94), norepinephrine transporter (NET/DAT = 63), and sigma(1) receptor binding (sigma(1)/DAT = 44). In addition, two other analogues 10 and 17 showed superior selectivity for DAT over SERT (170- and 140-fold, respectively) and DAT over NET (219- and 190-fold, respectively) but were essentially equipotent at DAT and sigma(1) receptors (10; K-i = 77 and 124 nM, respectively, 17; K-i = 28 and 13 nM, respectively). CoMFA studies at both DAT and sigma(1) receptors were performed to examine structural requirements for optimal binding at these two targets as well as to assess differences between them. Behavioral evaluation of analogues with varying affinities for both DAT and sigma(1) receptors may provide a novel approach toward designing medications for cocaine abuse. C1 NIDA, IRP, Med Chem Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIDA, IRP, Psychobiol Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIDDK, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, AH (reprint author), NIDA, IRP, Med Chem Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM anewman@intra.nida.nih.gov RI Husbands, Stephen/D-5926-2011 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUN 19 PY 2003 VL 46 IS 13 BP 2589 EP 2598 DI 10.1021/jm030008u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 689UN UT WOS:000183511500006 PM 12801223 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PE Zhao, W Baldwin, JW Song, CH Liu, J Kooi, S Zheng, B AF Pehrsson, PE Zhao, W Baldwin, JW Song, CH Liu, J Kooi, S Zheng, B TI Thermal fluorination and annealing of single-wall carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; GRAPHITE; BUNDLES; FIBERS AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were fluorinated with F, at 250 degreesC, and then some were heated under He to temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 degreesC to desorb the fluorine. The resulting samples were studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and electrical resistance measurements. The goals were to identify, as a function of fluorination and defluorination, the nature of the fluorine bonding, the damage to the tubes, the changes to the average tube diameter and proportions of metallic and semiconducting tubes, and the effects on the electrical conductivity and its mechanism. The stoichiometry of the as-fluorinated tubes was CF0.43. Most of the time, F atoms bonded covalently to one carbon atom. Smaller amounts of CF2 and CF3 were probably bonded primarily at various defect sites. The fluorinated single-wall nanotubes were highly insulating. Upon heating, the largest fluorine loss occurred between 200 and 300 degreesC, and defluorination was virtually complete at 400 degreesC, but the largest resistance change occurred at 150-200 degreesC. Raman showed that both fluorination and thermal defluorination damaged the tubes by creating defects and/or amorphous carbon phases. Upon heating, most of the fluorinated SWNTs apparently reverted to SWNTs, rather than being etched. Thermal defluorination slightly increased the average tube diameter, but there was no Raman evidence of a change in the metallic/semiconducting tube ratio. However, the average length of tube bundles was substantially reduced. The resistance of the defluorinated SWNTs returned to that of the starting material, but a different conduction mechanism such as an amorphous carbon percolation network cannot be excluded. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Pehrsson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Pehrsson@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 19 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 24 BP 5690 EP 5695 DI 10.1021/jp027233s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 691EN UT WOS:000183592000005 ER PT J AU Kuno, M Higginson, KA Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Lee, SH Davis, BL Mattoussi, H AF Kuno, M Higginson, KA Qadri, SB Yousuf, M Lee, SH Davis, BL Mattoussi, H TI Molecular clusters of binary and ternary mercury chalcogenides: Colloidal synthesis, characterization, and optical spectra SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTAL QUANTUM DOTS; WET CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; INFRARED LUMINESCENCE; BULK SEMICONDUCTOR; METAL SULFIDES; BUILT-UP; CDSE; HGS; NANOPARTICLES AB A series of binary (HgSe) and ternary (HgSe1-xSx) mercury chalcogenide clusters are synthesized utilizing a colloidal technique, involving the phase separation of metal and chalcogen precursors in the presence of strong Hg(II) coordinating ligands. The clusters vary in size between 2 and 3 nm and possess the cubic zinc blende structure of the bulk. Energy-dispersive X-ray measurements show that the composition of the ternary material can be varied throughout the entire composition range from HgS to HgSe. In all cases, the linear absorption of these binary and ternary species is narrow with well-resolved transitions at both the band edge and at higher energies. Complementary band edge emission is also observed with no apparent deep trap emission. Size- and composition (x)-dependent optical properties of these clusters are investigated using photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra. In the case of HgSe clusters, the size-dependent behavior of up to four excited states is followed. For HgSe1-xSx clusters, where x varies from 0 to 1, a size/composition-dependent progression of up to five excited states is observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, NRL Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, NRL Mat Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, NRL Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kuno, M (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM mkuno@nd.edu RI Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012 NR 61 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 19 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 24 BP 5758 EP 5767 DI 10.1021/jp0274684 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 691EN UT WOS:000183592000014 ER PT J AU Bishop, J Feldman, PD AF Bishop, J Feldman, PD TI Analysis of the Astro-1/Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope EUV-FUV dayside nadir spectral radiance measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE far ultraviolet (FUV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) airglow; FUV plus EUV atmopsheric excitations and transport; thermospheric composition; thermospheric remote sensing ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC OXYGEN; O-I; DAY AIRGLOW; DISSOCIATIVE EXCITATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; TERRESTRIAL DAYGLOW; MEDIUM-RESOLUTION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE AB [1] The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) was one of three ultraviolet Astro-1 observatory instruments on space shuttle Columbia in December 1990 (STS-35), covering the 830 - 1850 Angstrom wavelength interval (first order) at similar to3.3 Angstrom spectral resolution. Satellite altitude was 360 km. Dayside nadir measurements were performed during a single orbit on 7 December 1990 under solar maximum (F-10.7 = 222), geomagnetically quiet (Ap = 4) conditions, covering late morning local times ( solar zenith angle < 48&DEG;). These data constitute a reference dayglow radiance spectrum comprising a number of thermospheric emission features, including several weak features neighboring bright optically thick emissions, that have not yet received adequate explanations, in part owing to questions regarding spectral intensity calibration, dynamic range, etc., associated with older data sets. In this paper, the HUT extreme ultraviolet (EUV) - far ultraviolet (FUV) nadir dayglow spectrum is presented along with the results of a modeling analysis using a development version of the Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance Integrated Code ( AURIC). The analysis relies on currently available laboratory data and first-principles excitation and transport modeling codes and utilizes constraints drawn from the FUV spectral region data to study several EUV emissions of interest for which past airglow data are sparse. The focus is on the airglow in the 980 - 1200 &ANGS; region, which is particularly rich in emission features affected by thermospheric conditions. Emissions investigated in detail include ( 1) the optically thick OI 989 &ANGS; multiplet and associated 1172 &ANGS; fluorescence, ( 2) the Oi 1026 &ANGS; sextuplet blended with atomic hydrogen Lyman β, (3) the atomic nitrogen multiplets at 1134 and 1200 &ANGS; consisting of optically thick components excited by e(-) + N and optically thin components excited by e(-) + N-2 and hν + N-2, ( 4) a number of other Ni and N+ features (e.g., N+ 1085 &ANGS;) excited by N-2 dissociative ionization, (5) the Birge-Hopfield I (N-2 BH-1) system, and (6) the resonance lines of argon ( Ar 1048 and 1067 &ANGS;). C1 USN, Res Lab, Upper Atmospher Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Bishop, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Upper Atmospher Phys Branch, Code 7643, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 83 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 18 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A6 AR 1243 DI 10.1029/2001JA000330 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 696JP UT WOS:000183884100001 ER PT J AU Tang, K Green, MM Cheon, KS Selinger, JV Garetz, BA AF Tang, K Green, MM Cheon, KS Selinger, JV Garetz, BA TI Chiral conflict. The effect of temperature on the helical sense of a polymer controlled by the competition between structurally different enantiomers: From dilute solution to the lyotropic liquid crystal state SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEIC-ACID STRUCTURE; SCREW-SENSE; POLY(BETA-PHENETHYL L-ASPARTATE); MACROMOLECULAR STEREOCHEMISTRY; POLY(N-HEXYL ISOCYANATE); CHOLESTERIC MESOPHASE; CHEMICAL ETIOLOGY; PHASE-EQUILIBRIUM; RANDOM COPOLYMERS; OPTICAL-ACTIVITY AB Helical polymers appended with paired structurally different enantiomers, which have opposing helical sense preferences, yield a new kind of relationship between optical activity and temperature, and also reveal unusual details of the nature of chiral interactions. Consistent with a statistical physical theory developed for these experiments, the proportion of the competing chiral groups, determined by synthesis, fixes the compensation temperature at which the helical senses are equally populated. The lyotropic liquid crystal state formed by these polymers yields therefore a nematic state at any chosen temperature over a very wide range, with a cholesteric state arising with tightening pitch as temperature deviates from this point. Far from the nematic temperature, the pitch reaches the nanometer scale and therefore the reflection of visible light. Before crossing zero at the nematic temperature, the optical activity becomes so large that it may be observed with the unaided eye through crossed polarizers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Green, MM (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM mgreen@duke.poly.edu RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 102 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 18 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 24 BP 7313 EP 7323 DI 10.1021/ja030065c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 689QB UT WOS:000183503500041 PM 12797806 ER PT J AU Allen, DR Bevilacqua, RM Nedoluha, GE Randall, CE Manney, GL AF Allen, DR Bevilacqua, RM Nedoluha, GE Randall, CE Manney, GL TI Unusual stratospheric transport and mixing during the 2002 Antarctic winter SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE HOLE; TROPOSPHERE AB Unusually large planetary wave activity in the 2002 Antarctic winter stratosphere weakened and warmed the polar vortex. Three minor warmings during August and early September preceded a late-September major warming when the middle stratospheric zonal winds reversed to easterly and the polar temperature increased by an additional 25 K. Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III) ozone data at high southern latitudes show unusually large variability in 2002 compared to previous POAM III years (1998-2001). Analyses of air parcel transport indicate this variability is caused by large-scale isentropic transport. Diagnostics of transport and mixing show that during the major warming the lower stratospheric vortex remained intact, while the middle stratospheric vortex split into two pieces; one piece rapidly mixed with extravortex air, while the other returned to the pole as a much weaker and smaller vortex. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM drallen@nrl.navy.mil; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil; randall@lasp.colorado.edu; manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 17 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 12 AR 1599 DI 10.1029/2003GL017117 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 693WZ UT WOS:000183742500002 ER PT J AU Schollaert, SE Yoder, JA O'Reilly, JE Westphal, DL AF Schollaert, SE Yoder, JA O'Reilly, JE Westphal, DL TI Influence of dust and sulfate aerosols on ocean color spectra and chlorophyll a concentrations derived from SeaWiFS off the U. S. east coast SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE SeaWiFS; atmospheric correction; chlorophyll a; aerosols; dust; sulfate ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; FORECAST MODEL; ALGORITHM; SENSITIVITY; IMAGERY; WATERS AB [1] The influence of two dominant aerosol species on satellite ocean color retrievals is examined off the U. S. East Coast in the western Sargasso subtropical gyre. Waters of very low chlorophyll concentration have normalized water-leaving radiance ( nLw) spectra highest in blue and decreasing monotonically with increasing wavelength. For water with chlorophyll concentrations less than 0.13 mg m(-3) we compared the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) nLw spectra for different aerosol conditions ( clear, dust-dominated, and sulfate-dominated) over 1 year between March 1999 and March 2000. With appropriate atmospheric correction, satellite-derived nLw spectra should be insensitive to the presence of atmospheric aerosols, but we found the SeaWiFS spectra to be sensitive to the species and optical thickness of aerosols. The SeaWiFS bio-optical chlorophyll algorithms use nLw(lambda)/nLw(555) band ratios (where lambda = 443, 490, or 510 nm): any biases in the band ratios result in incorrect chlorophyll concentration estimates. When aerosols were negligible, nLw spectra were consistent with in situ reference data between 443 and 510 nm. With increasing aerosol optical thickness during dust events, most common during summer, the nLw spectra were lowered between 412 and 510 nm, decreasing nLw(lambda)/nLw(555) band ratios and resulting in artificially high chlorophyll a estimates. Sulfate-dominated pixels were associated with elevated nLw spectra between 412 and 555 nm. Increasing sulfate optical thickness corresponded to decreases of the bio-optical band ratios because of the increase at 555 nm, which also biased the chlorophyll a estimates high. The effect of sulfate upon ocean color retrievals is more problematic than dust off the U. S. east coast because of the nearly constant presence of sulfate along with commonly colocated pollutant aerosols that confound atmospheric correction algorithms. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Ctr, Narragansett Lab, NOAA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Schollaert, SE (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 17 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C6 AR 3191 DI 10.1029/2000JC000555 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 693ZJ UT WOS:000183748000001 ER PT J AU Tadic, D Linders, JTM Flippen-Anderson, JL Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Tadic, D Linders, JTM Flippen-Anderson, JL Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. Part 31: Synthesis of rac-(3R,6aS,11aS)-2-methyl-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2H-3,6a-methanobenzof uro[2,3-c]azocine-10-ol, and azocine-8-ol, the ortho-c and the para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomers SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE oxide-bridged phenylmorphans; opioid receptor ligand; methanobenzofuro[2.3-c]azocines synthesis; X-ray diffraction studies ID PHENOLIC HYDROXYL-GROUPS; MORPHINE; 5-(META-HYDROXYPHENYL)MORPHAN AB Two of the 12 possible oxide-bridged phenylmorphans, were synthesized, rac-(3R,6aS,11aS)-2-methyl-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro2H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro[2,3-c]azocine-10-ol (7) (the ortho-c compound), and rac-(3R,6aS, 11aS)-2-methyl-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro[2,3-c]azocine-8-ol (8) (the para-c compound). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the dihedral angle between the least squares planes through the phenyl ring and the atoms C-1, C-11a, C-12, and C-3 in the piperidine ring in both 7(.)CHCl(3) and 8(.)HBr was 6.9degrees. The C-12-C-6a-C-6b-C-10a torsion angle was found to be 139.3degrees for both compounds. The angular relationship between the phenolic ring and the piperidine ring in phenylmorphans that interact with specific opioid receptors as agonists or antagonists is of considerable theoretical interest. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIDDKD, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lab Med Chem, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), NIDDKD, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lab Med Chem, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kr21f@nih.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JUN 16 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 25 BP 4603 EP 4614 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(03)00659-8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 691LX UT WOS:000183608700014 ER PT J AU Malicka, J Gryczynski, I Fang, JY Lakowicz, JR AF Malicka, J Gryczynski, I Fang, JY Lakowicz, JR TI Fluorescence spectral properties of cyanine dye-labeled DNA oligomers on surfaces coated with silver particles SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISLAND FILMS; MICROARRAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB We examined the fluorescence spectral properties of DNA oligomers, labeled with Cy3 or Cy5, when bound to quartz surfaces coated with metallic silver particles. Prior to binding of labeled DNA the surfaces were treated with polylysine or 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane or were coated with avidin for binding of biotinylated oligomers. The fluorescence intensities were increased an average of 8-fold on these surfaces. Despite the increased emission intensity, the photostability of the labeled DNA was the same or higher on the silver-coated surfaces than on the uncoated slides. The time-integrated intensities, that is the area under the intensity plots with continuous illumination, increased an average of 6-fold. In all cases the lifetimes were dramatically shortened on the silver particles, indicating an over 100-fold increase in the radiative decay rates. These results suggest the use of-substrates containing silver particles for increased sensitivity of DNA detection on DNA arrays. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Fluorescence Spect, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lakowicz, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Fluorescence Spect, 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008119-14, P41 RR008119-12, P41 RR008119, P41 RR008119-13, RR08119, P41 RR008119-11] NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 317 IS 2 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0003-2697(03)00005-8 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 685ZF UT WOS:000183294400002 PM 12758251 ER PT J AU Quigley, MM Schwartzman, E Boswell, PD Christensen, RL Gleason, LA Sharpe, RW d'Amato, TA AF Quigley, MM Schwartzman, E Boswell, PD Christensen, RL Gleason, LA Sharpe, RW d'Amato, TA TI A unique atrial primary cardiac lymphoma mimicking myxoma presenting with embolic stroke: a case report SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; ASSOCIATION AB An immunocompetent 29-year-old male presented with an embolic stroke from an unusual primary cardiac lymphoma. The cardiac lesion consisted of a polypoid, left atrial, mural fibrin thrombus with anaplastic tumor cells lining the surface of the clot. Histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular characterizations were consistent with a diagnosis of CD30(+) large B-cell lymphoma with anaplastic cytology. While tumor emboli from invasive primary cardiac lymphomas have been reported, this noninvasive fibrin thrombus-associated lymphoma appears to be unique and previously unreported. (C) 2003 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Scripps Clin, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Quigley, MM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Cardiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM mmquigley@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 12 BP 4708 EP 4710 DI 10.1182/blood-2002-08-2550 PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 689FV UT WOS:000183481700018 PM 12560231 ER PT J AU Bowles, FA Faas, RW Vogt, PR Sawyer, WB Stephens, K AF Bowles, FA Faas, RW Vogt, PR Sawyer, WB Stephens, K TI Sediment properties, flow characteristics, and depositional environment of submarine mudflows, Bear Island Fan SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barents Sea; Bear Island Fan; mudflows; sediment properties; rheology ID SOUTHWESTERN BARENTS SEA; SUBAQUEOUS DEBRIS FLOWS; TROUGH-MOUTH-FAN; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SHELF; BEHAVIOR; EROSION; SLOPE; MUD AB Recent gravity flows on the Bear Island Fan consist of fine-grained sediments that presently exhibit high densities (1.8-2.0 g/cm(3)), low water contents (30-40% dry weight), and high (estimated) yield strengths (1100-1350 Pa). Rheological analyses, however, reveal exceptionally low yield strengths (3.5 Pa and lower) for laboratory slurries (<1.5 g/cm(3)) made with the mudflow sediments. The low yield strengths are inconsistent with previous interpretations that the mudflows were spawned from glacial sediments that were rapidly deposited as till deltas on the upper slope of the fan, or that they were emplaced as low-density, low-cohesion, fluidized mud. Abundant glacial flour in the mudflow samples is indicative of subglacial meltwater discharge. This, in turn, suggests that the sediment originated from turbid plumes that settled into a low-density, high-water-content mud deposit in an open-marine, tidewater glacier environment. Such an environment may have existed during the mid/late Weichselian when an embayment in the Barents shelf ice-sheet left much of the inner shelf ice-free. Subsequent advance of the ice front closed the embayment, compressing the mud. Loss of water during compression increased the bulk density and yield strength of the mud. The modified embayment mud was gradually pushed off the shelf, generating mudflows on the fan. Morphologic evidence suggests that some mudflows may have hydroplaned, indicating that flow speeds varied above and below a critical speed (ca. 5 m/s) marking the onset of hydroplaning. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Domin Explorat & Prod Inc, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Bowles, FA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 197 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00089-6 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 685DW UT WOS:000183246400005 ER PT J AU Lynch, BJ Zurbuchen, TH Fisk, LA Antiochos, SK AF Lynch, BJ Zurbuchen, TH Fisk, LA Antiochos, SK TI Internal structure of magnetic clouds: Plasma and composition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic clouds; interplanetary coronal mass ejections (CME, ICME); solar wind ion charge states ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ION COMPOSITION SPECTROMETER; HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR-WIND FLOWS; FLUX ROPES; CHARGE STATES; JANUARY 1997; HEAVY-IONS; 1 AU; HELIUM AB A comprehensive analysis of magnetic clouds observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft from February 1998 to July 2001 is presented. The magnetic field data from the MAG instrument is fit with the cylindrically symmetric, linear force-free model and the fit parameter distributions are examined. This magnetic field model enables us to map plasma data from the SWEPAM and SWICS instruments to a position within the model cylinder. A superposed epoch analysis of all our magnetic cloud events is used to construct diameter cuts through an "average'' cloud profile in any desired plasma, elemental composition, or charge state quantity. These diameter cuts are found to have nontrivial structure and there appears to be significant composition and structural differences between clouds of different speeds. The slow magnetic clouds ([V(rad)] < 500 km/s) have an almost constant proton density profile whereas the fast magnetic cloud ([V(rad)] >= 500 km/s) profile is depleted throughout with symmetric dips and a local maximum at the cloud center. The fast magnetic clouds have a slightly higher N(alpha)/N(p) ratio than the slow clouds. Both the fast and slow events have enhanced oxygen and iron charge states compared to the slow solar wind. The fast events have a slightly increased O(7+)/O(6+) average profile and a much stronger Fe(>= 16+)/Fe(total) profile than the slow events. We briefly discuss the implications for physical conditions at the Sun, the role these coronal mass ejections (CMEs) may play in transporting magnetic flux, and the application of our structure results to the current flux rope CME modeling effort. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lynch, BJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lynchb@engin.umich.edu; thomasz@umich.edu; lafisk@umich.edu; antiochos@nrl.navy.mil RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; NR 64 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A6 AR 1239 DI 10.1029/2002JA009591 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691YF UT WOS:000183633000002 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Stalick, WM AF Wynne, JH Stalick, WM TI Syntheses of functionalized 1,4-disubstituted gamma-carbolines SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TETRAHYDRO-BETA-CARBOLINES; REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC ACTIVITY; TERMINAL ACETYLENES; MARINE ORGANISMS; ALKALOIDS; SERIES; IMINOANNULATION; CYCLIZATION; AGENTS AB We report the complete synthesis of a variety of 1,4-disubstituted gamma-carbolines. These compounds are of particular interest for their involvement in many biological processes and are believed to possess various medicinal activities. A large number of N-tosylaldimines were condensed with indoles affording an array of 3-aminomethyl indoles. Subsequent additions, followed by intramolecular cyclization, afforded an array of 1,2-dihydro-3H-gamma-carbolones in good yield. Upon subsequent aromatization, the corresponding fully aromatic functionalized 1-aryl-4-hydroxy-gamma-carbolines resulted. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stalick, WM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM wstalick@gmu.edu NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUN 13 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 12 BP 4845 EP 4849 DI 10.1021/jo034290o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 687DD UT WOS:000183360000027 PM 12790589 ER PT J AU Jenn, DC Chua, EH AF Jenn, DC Chua, EH TI Two-port hybrid ring dipole with simultaneous sum and difference element patterns SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The design of a two-port dipole that is fed by a hybrid ring is described. The two dipole ports provide simultaneous sum and difference element patterns. A prototype element was designed and fabricated. The input return loss for the two ports and isolation between ports was greater than 15 dB. The sum and difference patterns were verified by measurements in an anechoic chamber. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jenn, DC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Room 437,833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 BP 892 EP 894 DI 10.1049/el:20030584 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 696PV UT WOS:000183896000007 ER PT J AU Fatemi, FK Carruthers, TF Lou, JW AF Fatemi, FK Carruthers, TF Lou, JW TI Characterisation of telecommunications pulse trains by Fourier-transform and dual-quadrature spectral interferometry SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PULSES AB The first use of two sensitive spectral interferometric techniques for the complete intensity and phase characterisation of high-data rate optical pulse trains with low average power is demonstrated. The pulses are reconstructed either by Fourier-transform or dual-quadrature spectral interferometry after characterisation of an amplified reference pulse by frequency-resolved optical gating. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 12 BP 921 EP 922 DI 10.1049/el:20030615 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 696PV UT WOS:000183896000025 ER PT J AU Zhou, F Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Dallek, S Lavernia, EJ AF Zhou, F Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Dallek, S Lavernia, EJ TI Microstructural evolution during recovery and recrystallization of a nanocrystalline Al-Mg alloy prepared by cryogenic ball milling SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline materials; ball milling; recovery; recrystallization; aluminum alloys ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-GROWTH; MECHANICAL ATTRITION; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; FCC METALS; POWDERS; REFINEMENT; STABILITY AB The microstructural evolution during thermal annealing of a cryogenically ball milled Al-7.6 at% Mg alloy with a grain size of similar to25 nm was examined using differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Recovery occurs during annealing from 100 to 230degreesC resulting in strain relaxation and grain coarsening, and recrystallization proceeds at higher temperatures up to about 370degreesC with further grain growth. The stored enthalpy release during recovery was estimated to be similar to450 J/mol, which is considerably higher than that in materials processed by other known cold-working methods. Only a fraction of the measured enthalpy was found to arise from the enthalpy releases due to grain coarsening and the reduction of high dislocation density. Both recovery and recrystallization give rise to non-uniform, bimodal grain-size distributions, which may result from heterogeneous nanostructures in the as-milled state. The detailed microscopic observations strongly support that grain coalescence is a feasible mechanism for grain coarsening during the recovery. In addition, the activation energy for recovery was calculated to be similar to120 kJ/mol, indicating the process is diffusion-controlled (Mg in Al), whereas the activation energy for recrystallization was considerably higher, similar to190 kJ/mol. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Surface Warface Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhou, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758 NR 49 TC 144 Z9 152 U1 17 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 11 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 10 BP 2777 EP 2791 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00083-1 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 691HF UT WOS:000183599500005 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA Dutta, I Chen, MW AF Peterson, KA Dutta, I Chen, MW TI Diffusionally accommodated interfacial sliding in metalsilicon systems SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE interfacial sliding; diffusional creep; threshold stress; interfacial topography ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SI SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CREEP STRENGTH; THIN-FILM; FIBER; AL; TEMPERATURE AB The kinetics and mechanism of diffusionally accommodated interfacial sliding (interfacial creep) under far-field shear and normal stresses was studied, based on diffusion-bonded Al-Si-Al sandwich specimens. A previously developed interfacial creep law [Funn and Dutta, Acta Mater 1999; 47: 149], which proposed that interfaces may slide via interface-diffusion controlled diffusional creep, was experimentally validated by carrying out a systematic parametric study. In agreement with the model, the Si-Al interfaces slid via diffusional creep (n = 1) under the influence of an effective shear stress, which depends on the far-field shear and normal stresses, as well as the interfacial topography. Compressive stresses acting normal to the interface lowered the effective shear stress, resulting in a threshold effect, thus reducing the sliding rate. The rate of sliding was controlled by diffusional mass transport through a thin amorphous, O-rich interfacial layer, under the influence of local interfacial stress gradients, which arose due to the topological features of the interface. Instances of interfacial sliding in the absence of interfacial de-cohesion, which have been noted in composites, thin-film systems, etc., may be explained by the present mechanism, which also offers an alternative rationalization of threshold behavior during diffusional flow (besides interface-reaction control). (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Engn Mech, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Engn Mech, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 11 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 10 BP 2831 EP 2846 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00088-0 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 691HF UT WOS:000183599500010 ER PT J AU Fabian, J Feldman, JL Hellberg, CS Nakhmanson, SM AF Fabian, J Feldman, JL Hellberg, CS Nakhmanson, SM TI Numerical study of anharmonic vibrational decay in amorphous and paracrystalline silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; VITREOUS SILICA; GLASSES; SCATTERING; PHONONS; MODEL; SI; EXCITATIONS; LOCALIZATION AB The anharmonic decay rates of atomic vibrations in amorphous silicon (a-Si) and paracrystalline silicon (p-Si), containing small crystalline grains embedded in a disordered matrix, are calculated using realistic structural models. The models are 1000-atom four-coordinated networks relaxed to a local minimum of the Stillinger-Weber interatomic potential. The vibrational decay rates are calculated numerically by perturbation theory, taking into account cubic anharmonicity as the perturbation. The vibrational lifetimes for a-Si are found to be on picosecond time scales, in agreement with the previous perturbative and classical molecular dynamics calculations on a 216-atom model. The calculated decay rates for p-Si are similar to those of a-Si. No modes in p-Si reside entirely on the crystalline cluster, decoupled from the amorphous matrix. The localized modes with the largest (up to 59%) weight on the cluster decay primarily to two diffusons. The numerical results are discussed in relation to a recent suggestion by van der Voort [Phys. Rev. B 62, 8072 (2000)] that long vibrational relaxation inferred experimentally may be due to possible crystalline nanostructures in some types of a-Si. C1 Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Theoret Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fabian, J (reprint author), Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Pl 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Fabian, Jaroslav/K-1700-2013; Nakhmanson, Serge/A-6329-2014 OI Fabian, Jaroslav/0000-0002-3009-4525; NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 11 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 22 AR 224302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.224302 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 698RB UT WOS:000184011600032 ER PT J AU Parenti, S Landi, E Bromage, BJI AF Parenti, S Landi, E Bromage, BJI TI SOHO-Ulysses Spring 2000 quadrature: Coronal diagnostic spectrometer and SUMER results SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : atmosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; SOLAR; TEMPERATURE; STREAMERS; PLASMAS; SPECTRA; SUN AB We present results from SOHO/CDS and SOHO/SUMER coordinated observations of coronal streamers made during the spring 2000 quadrature of SOHO, the Sun, and Ulysses. These observations form part of the JOP 112, which is primarily aimed at investigating the composition of the regions of the corona and the solar wind observed by both SOHO and Ulysses. SUMER and CDS observed the low corona from the limb up to about 1.3 R-. from the Sun center. The physical parameters of the plasma, such as electron density, temperature, emission measure, and composition, are measured along the radial direction, toward Ulysses. The variation in these parameters over the 6 day series of observations was examined, and no significant change was seen. The dependence of these parameters on the solar latitude was also investigated. The results indicate that the observed streamers are homogeneous, of coronal composition, and nearly in hydrostatic equilibrium. The structures remained almost stable during the whole period of the observations. C1 Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Parenti, S (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, Largo Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2003 VL 590 IS 1 BP 519 EP 532 DI 10.1086/374891 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 685TE UT WOS:000183278700047 ER PT J AU Reiner, MJ Vourlidas, A St Cyr, OC Burkepile, JT Howard, RA Kaiser, ML Prestage, NP Bougeret, JL AF Reiner, MJ Vourlidas, A St Cyr, OC Burkepile, JT Howard, RA Kaiser, ML Prestage, NP Bougeret, JL TI Constraints on coronal mass ejection dynamics from simultaneous radio and white-light observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : radio radiation ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SOLAR CORONA; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON-DENSITY; WIND SPACECRAFT; EMISSIONS; ORIGIN; BURST; EARTH; MHZ AB Simultaneous radio and white-light observations are used to deduce information on the dynamics of two coronal mass ejection (CME) events that occurred about 2 hr apart on 2001 January 20 and that were associated with eruptions from the same active region on the Sun. The analysis combines both space-based and ground-based data. The radio data were obtained from the WAVES experiment on the Wind spacecraft and from the Culgoora radiospectrograph in Australia. The white-light data were from the LASCO experiment on SOHO and from the Mk4 coronameter at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory. For these CME events we demonstrate that the frequency drift rate of the type II radio emissions, generated by the shocks driven by the white-light CMEs, are consistent with the plane-of-sky height-time measurements, provided that the propagation direction of the CMEs and their associated radio sources was along a radial line from the Sun at a solar longitude of similar toE50degrees. These results imply that the "true'' CME speeds were estimated to be similar to1.4 times higher than the measured plane-of-sky speeds and that the CMEs originated from solar eruptions centered near E50degrees. This CME origin is consistent with the known active region and. are site associated with these two CME events. Furthermore, we argue that the type II radio emissions generated by these CMEs must have originated in enhanced density regions of the corona. We investigate whether the type II radiation could have originated in one or more dense coronal streamers, whose densities were estimated from the polarization brightness measurements made by LASCO at that time. Finally, we use these radio and white-light observations to speculate about the dynamics and scales involved in the interaction between these two CMEs. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Culgoora Solar Observ, IPS Radio & Space Sci, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. Observ Paris, Dept Rech Spatiale, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Reiner, MJ (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 40 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2003 VL 590 IS 1 BP 533 EP 546 DI 10.1086/374917 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 685TE UT WOS:000183278700048 ER PT J AU Antiochos, SK Karpen, JT DeLuca, EE Golub, L Hamilton, P AF Antiochos, SK Karpen, JT DeLuca, EE Golub, L Hamilton, P TI Constraints on active region coronal heating SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID TRANSITION REGION; SOLAR CORONA; LOOPS; EXPLORER; TRACE; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; NANOFLARES; PLASMA; MODELS AB We derive constraints on the time variability of coronal heating from observations of the so-called active region moss by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer ( TRACE). The moss is believed to be due to million-degree emission from the transition regions at the footpoints of coronal loops whose maximum temperatures are several million degrees. The two key results from the TRACE observations discussed in this paper are that in the moss regions one generally sees only moss, not million-degree loops, and that the moss emission exhibits only weak intensity variations, similar to10% over periods of hours. TRACE movies showing these results are presented. We demonstrate, using both analytic and numerical calculations, that the lack of observable million-degree loops in the moss regions places severe constraints on the possible time variability of coronal heating in the loops overlying the moss. In particular, the heating in the hot moss loops cannot be truly flarelike with a sharp cutoff, but instead must be quasi-steady to an excellent approximation. Furthermore, the lack of significant variations in the moss intensity implies that the heating magnitude is only weakly varying. The implications of these conclusions for coronal heating models will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM antiochos@nrl.navy.mil RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; Hamilton, Paul/E-7891-2015; DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; Hamilton, Paul/0000-0001-6080-632X; DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 NR 30 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2003 VL 590 IS 1 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1086/375003 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 685TE UT WOS:000183278700049 ER PT J AU Hanbicki, AT van 't Erve, OMJ Magno, R Kioseoglou, G Li, CH Jonker, BT Itskos, G Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A AF Hanbicki, AT van 't Erve, OMJ Magno, R Kioseoglou, G Li, CH Jonker, BT Itskos, G Mallory, R Yasar, M Petrou, A TI Analysis of the transport process providing spin injection through an Fe/AlGaAs Schottky barrier SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR; HETEROSTRUCTURE; QUALITY AB Electron-spin polarizations of 32% are obtained in a GaAs quantum well via electrical injection through a reverse-biased Fe/AlGaAs Schottky contact. An analysis of the transport data using the Rowell criteria demonstrates that single-step tunneling is the dominant transport mechanism. The current - voltage data show a clear zero-bias anomaly and phonon signatures corresponding to the GaAs-like and AlAs-like LO phonon modes of the AlGaAs barrier, providing further evidence for tunneling. These results provide experimental confirmation of several theoretical analyses, indicating that tunneling enables significant spin injection from a metal into a semiconductor. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hanbicki@anvil.nrl.navy.mil OI Itskos, Grigorios/0000-0003-3971-3801 NR 22 TC 291 Z9 293 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 23 BP 4092 EP 4094 DI 10.1063/1.1580631 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 685FA UT WOS:000183249100028 ER PT J AU Tomm, JW Gerhardt, A Muller, R Biermann, ML Holland, JP Lorenzen, D Kaulfersch, E AF Tomm, JW Gerhardt, A Muller, R Biermann, ML Holland, JP Lorenzen, D Kaulfersch, E TI Quantitative strain analysis in AlGaAs-based devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERLATTICE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INDUCED STRESS-DISTRIBUTION; MOUNTING-INDUCED STRAIN; K-P THEORY; LASER-DIODES; POWER; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; THRESHOLD; DEFECTS AB We present a strategy for quantitative spectroscopic analysis of packaging-induced strain using both finite element analysis and band-structure calculations. This approach holds for a wide class of AlGaAs-based, and related, devices, among them high-power "cm-bars." The influence on the results of particular device structure properties, such as intrinsic strain and quantum-well geometry, is analyzed. We compare theoretical results based on a unaxial stress model with photocurrent data obtained from an externally strained cm-bar, and obtain better agreement than from alternative strain models. The general approach is also applicable to the analysis of all data that refer to changes of the electronic band structure, such as absorption and photoluminescence. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspek, Berlin, Germany. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Jenopt Laserdiode GmbH, D-07745 Jena, Germany. AMIC Angew Micromesstech, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Tomm, JW (reprint author), Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspek, Max Born Str 2A, Berlin, Germany. RI Tomm, Jens /D-2697-2011 OI Tomm, Jens /0000-0002-9731-9397 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 9 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 23 BP 4193 EP 4195 DI 10.1063/1.1579567 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 685FA UT WOS:000183249100062 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Santangelo, PG Robertson, CG Ngai, KL AF Roland, CM Santangelo, PG Robertson, CG Ngai, KL TI Comment on "Direct determination of kinetic fragility indices of glassforming liquids by differential scanning calorimetry: Kinetic versus thermodynamic fragilities'' - [J. Chem. Phys. 117, 10184 (2002)] SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID GLASS-FORMING SUBSTANCES; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; POLYMERS; ENTROPY AB Recently Wang et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 117, 10184 (2002)] reported fragilities for various molecular liquids, as determined by calorimetry. The technique is based on measuring the change in fictive temperature with cooling rate. We point out that the same method was previously applied to polymers [Robertson, Santangelo, and Roland, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 275, 153 (2000)], yielding good agreement with fragility values obtained by mechanical or dielectric spectroscopy. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77522 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 22 BP 10351 EP 10352 DI 10.1063/1.1571814 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 680TC UT WOS:000182993800048 ER PT J AU Slinker, SP Fedder, JA Sibeck, DG Lyon, JG Frank, LA Mukai, T AF Slinker, SP Fedder, JA Sibeck, DG Lyon, JG Frank, LA Mukai, T TI Simulation of magnetopause oscillations observed January 9, 1996 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GEOTAIL; VORTICES; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOTAIL; CONVECTION; INTERVAL; FLOW AB [1] On January 9, 1996, the Geotail spacecraft was near the dusk flank of the magnetopause at 18 MLT. From 0100-0300 UT several short excursions out of the magnetosphere were observed. This time interval was simulated with a 3D MHD magnetosphere model using measured solar wind and IMF data. The simulation produced oscillations resembling those recorded in terms of amplitude and frequency. We describe the details and global nature of the oscillations from the simulation and discuss the most likely source: the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Slinker, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM david.sibeck@gsfc.nasa.gov; lyon@tinman.dartmouth.edu; frank@iowasp.physics.uiowa.edu; mukai@stp.isas.ac.jp RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 AR 1569 DI 10.1029/2003GL017063 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 690NA UT WOS:000183554200004 ER PT J AU von Engeln, A Nedoluha, G Kirchengast, G Buehler, SA AF von Engeln, A Nedoluha, G Kirchengast, G Buehler, SA TI One-dimensional variational (1-D Var) retrieval of temperature, water vapor, and a reference pressure from radio occultation measurements: A sensitivity analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE 1DVar; radio occultation; critical refraction; duct; hydrostatic equation ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; SURFACE PRESSURE; BENDING ANGLES; ATMOSPHERE; PROFILES; ERRORS; ASSIMILATION; TROPOSPHERE; SIMULATION; GRADIENTS AB [1] A 1-D Var retrieval study of simulated radio occultation measurements is presented. Temperature and a water vapor profile are retrieved along with a reference pressure to generate the pressure profile by applying the hydrostatic equation. High-resolution European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric fields are used by a ray tracing tool to calculate the exact positions of the tangent point. The 1-D atmospheric profiles following the calculated tangent point trajectory in the 3-D ECMWF fields are used to simulate bending angle measurements with a 1-D forward model. Assimilation of these bending angles in a 1-D Var tool employing the same 1-D forward model is performed. We analyze the sensitivity of the retrieval to changes in vertical resolution, horizontal smearing of the tangent point trajectory, and the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium for a nonvertical atmospheric scan. We find that retrievals calculated without adequate vertical resolution can have significant errors in temperature and water vapor. Errors in the retrieval by assuming hydrostatic equilibrium for a nonvertical scan generally cause only minor errors in the retrieved profiles. A study into the occurrence of rays curving down toward the Earth surface indicates that about 5-10% of the profiles could experience so-called critical refraction at altitudes between 0.5 km and 2 km in case of the applied high-resolution ECMWF data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Graz Univ, Inst Geophys Astrophys & Meteorol, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP von Engeln, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,STOP 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM engeln@uni-bremen.de; nedoluha@nrl.navy.mil; gottfried.kirchengast@uni-graz.at; sbuehler@uni-bremen.de RI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Kirchengast, Gottfried/D-4990-2016 OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; Kirchengast, Gottfried/0000-0001-9187-937X NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 5 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D11 AR 4337 DI 10.1029/2002JD002908 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690NM UT WOS:000183555300005 ER PT J AU Minihan, TP Lei, S Sun, G Palazzolo, A Kascak, AF Calvert, T AF Minihan, TP Lei, S Sun, G Palazzolo, A Kascak, AF Calvert, T TI Large motion tracking control for thrust magnetic bearings with fuzzy logic, sliding mode, and direct linearization SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK; SYSTEMS AB Conventional use of magnetic bearings relies on a zero reference to keep the rotor centered in the radial and axial axes. This paper compares different control methods developed for the alternate control task of tracking an axial dynamic target. Controllers based on fuzzy logic, sliding mode, and direct linearization were designed to meet this task. Performance criteria, such as maximum axial displacement, minimum phase lag and I-2 R power losses were compared for each controller. The large motion, tracking problem for a rotor has utility in applications where dynamic seal clearances are required. This has a variety of potential applications in turbo-machinery, such as active stall control. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NASA Glenn, USA, Cleveland, OH USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Minihan, TP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, MS 3123, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUN 5 PY 2003 VL 263 IS 3 BP 549 EP 567 AR PII S0022-460X(02)01066-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01066-0 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 684QV UT WOS:000183218800005 ER PT J AU Weng, FZ Zhao, LM Ferraro, RR Poe, G Li, XF Grody, NC AF Weng, FZ Zhao, LM Ferraro, RR Poe, G Li, XF Grody, NC TI Advanced microwave sounding unit cloud and precipitation algorithms SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AMSU; cloud liquid water; cloud ice water; precipitation; remote sensing ID SPECIAL SENSOR MICROWAVE/IMAGER; LIQUID WATER; IMAGER SSM/I; SNOW COVER; RETRIEVAL; PARAMETERS; OCEANS; RAINFALL AB [1] Although the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) on board the NOAA 15 and NOAA 16 satellites is primarily designed for profiling atmospheric temperature and moisture, the products associated with clouds and precipitation are also derived using its window channel measurements with a quality similar to those derived from microwave imagers such as the Special Sensor Microwave Imager. However, the AMSU asymmetry in radiance along the scan was found to be obvious at its window channels and could severely degrade the quality of cloud and precipitation products if not properly corrected. Thus a postlaunch calibration scheme is developed for these channels, and the causes of the asymmetry are analyzed from the AMSU instrument model. A preliminary study shows that the asymmetry may be caused by either the AMSU polarization misalignment or the antenna pointing angle error. A generic radiative transfer model is developed for a single-layered cloud using a two-stream approximation and can be utilized for the retrievals of cloud liquid water (L) and total precipitable water (V), cloud ice water path (IWP), and particle effective diameter (D-e). At the AMSU lower frequencies the scattering from cloud liquid is neglected, and therefore the retrieval of L and V is linearly derived using 23.8 and 31.4 GHz. However, for ice clouds the radiative transfer model is simplified by neglecting the thermal emission, and therefore the retrieval of IWP and D-e is analytically derived using the AMSU millimeter wavelength channels at 89 and 150 GHz. These cloud algorithms are tested for the AMSU on board the NOAA 15 and NOAA 16 satellites, and the results are rather promising. It is also found that the AMSU-derived cloud ice water path is highly correlated with the surface rain rates and is now directly used to monitor surface precipitation throughout the world. C1 Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. QSS Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, NOAA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 18 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 5 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 AR 8068 DI 10.1029/2002RS002679 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 690PV UT WOS:000183558200004 ER PT J AU Johnson, KS Elrod, VA Fitzwater, SE Plant, JN Chavez, FP Tanner, SJ Gordon, RM Westphal, DL Perry, KD Wu, JF Karl, DM AF Johnson, KS Elrod, VA Fitzwater, SE Plant, JN Chavez, FP Tanner, SJ Gordon, RM Westphal, DL Perry, KD Wu, JF Karl, DM TI Surface ocean-lower atmosphere interactions in the Northeast Pacific Ocean Gyre: Aerosols, iron, and the ecosystem response SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE iron concentration; aluminum concentration; aerosols; Asian dust; ecosystem response ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; DUST DEPOSITION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; WORLD OCEAN; SEAWATER; DISTRIBUTIONS; AL; FERTILIZATION; TRANSPORT AB [1] Here we report measurements of iron and aluminum in surface and subsurface waters during late March and late May of 2001 on transects between central California and Hawaii. A large cloud of Asian dust was detected during April 2001, and there was a clear signal in surface water iron due to aerosol deposition on the May transect. Iron and aluminum concentrations increased synchronously by 0.5 and 2 nM along the southern portion of the transect, which includes the Hawaii Ocean Time series ( HOT) station, from background values in March (0.1 to 0.2 nM Fe). These changes occurred in a ratio that is close to the crustal abundance ratio of the metals, which indicates a soil aerosol source. A vertical profile of dissolved iron was also measured at the HOT station in late April and this profile also shows a large increase near the surface. Direct observations of aerosol iron concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory on Hawaii indicate that aerosol concentrations were significantly lower than climatological values during this period. Soil aerosol concentrations along the transect were estimated using the real-time Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS). The NAAPS results show a large meridional gradient with maximum concentrations in the boundary layer north of 30degreesN. However, the deposition of iron and aluminum to surface waters was highest south of 25degreesN, near Hawaii. There were only weak signals in the ecosystem response to the aerosol deposition. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Johnson, KS (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM johnson@mbari.org; elrod@mbari.org; sfitz@mbari.org; jplant@mbari.org; chfr@mbari.org; tanner@mlml.calstate.edu; gordon@mlml.calstate.edu; westphal@nrlmry.navy.mil; perry@met.utah.edu; jwu@iarc.uaf.edu; dkarl@soest.hawaii.edu RI Wu, Jingfeng/B-1301-2012; Johnson, Kenneth/F-9742-2011 OI Johnson, Kenneth/0000-0001-5513-5584 NR 58 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUN 4 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 AR 1063 DI 10.1029/2002GB002004 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690NE UT WOS:000183554600004 ER PT J AU Mahrt, L Vickers, D Frederickson, P Davidson, K Smedman, AS AF Mahrt, L Vickers, D Frederickson, P Davidson, K Smedman, AS TI Sea-surface aerodynamic roughness SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE roughness length; aerodynamic roughness length; Charnock formulation; sea-surface stress; wave state; Monin-Obukhov similarity ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND STRESS; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; OFFSHORE FLOW; COASTAL ZONE; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; HEAT-FLUX; AIR-FLOW; WAVE AGE; SWELL AB [1] This study surveys and evaluates similarity theory for estimating the sea-surface drag coefficient with the bulk aerodynamic method. The most commonly used formulations of the aerodynamic roughness length, required by similarity theory, are examined using data sets from four different field programs. These relationships include the Charnock formulation and the wave age modified Charnock relationship. The goal is to assess the overall performance of simple formulations of the roughness length including cases where the Charnock formulation is not expected to apply, and to assess the errors resulting from application of the Charnock formulation to all conditions, as is done in many numerical models where an explicit wave model cannot be accommodated. This examination indicates that spurious self-correlation explains more variance than actual physical relationships, even after eliminating weak wind cases. Frequent cases of anomalously low stress and very small values of the Charnock coefficient further reduce the usefulness of this formulation for the present data sets. Causes of the frequent very small values of the Charnock coefficient are briefly investigated. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mahrt@coas.oregonstate.edu; blat@coas.oregonstate.edu; pafreder@nps.navy.mil; davidson@nps.navy.mil; annsofi@big.met.uu.se NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C6 AR 3171 DI 10.1029/2002JC001383 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 690NT UT WOS:000183555800004 ER PT J AU Yin, H Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Sturm, JC AF Yin, H Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Shieh, SR Duffy, TS Sturm, JC TI Strain partition of Si/SiGe and SiO2/SiGe on compliant substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CRITICAL THICKNESS; PSEUDOMORPHIC STRUCTURES; DISLOCATION DENSITY; RELAXATION; QUALITY; FILMS; SILICON; SI; GROWTH AB Strain partitioning of crystalline Si and amorphous SiO2 deposited on crystalline SiGe on a compliant viscous borophosphorosilicate (BPSG) glass has been observed. Pseudomorphic epitaxial Si was deposited on SiGe films, which were fabricated on BPSG by wafer bonding and the Smart-cut(R) process. The strains in SiGe and Si films were found to change identically during a high-temperature anneal which softened the BPSG film, indicating a coherent interface between SiGe and Si films and precluding slippage or the formation of misfit dislocations along the interface. The stress balance between the layers dictated the final state, which confirmed that BPSG was a perfectly compliant substrate and did not exert any force on the layers above it. Similar results were found for amorphous SiO2 deposited on SiGe on BPSG and then annealed. This shows that the viscous BPSG is an effective compliant substrate for the strain engineering of elastic films without the introduction of dislocations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Duffy, Thomas/C-9140-2017 OI Duffy, Thomas/0000-0002-5357-1259 NR 21 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 22 BP 3853 EP 3855 DI 10.1063/1.1578168 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 683AH UT WOS:000183124200015 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Uchida, M Kafafi, ZH TI Energy level evolution at a silole/magnesium thin-film interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; INVERSE PHOTOEMISSION; SILOLE DERIVATIVES; FERMI-LEVEL; TRANSPORT; DEVICES AB Photoemission spectroscopy of an interface formed through step-by-step deposition of Mg onto a film of a silole derivative, 2,5-bis[6'-(2',2"-bipyridyl)]-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl silacyclopentadiene (PyPySPyPy), reveals the formation of gap states arising from electron transfer from the metal to the organic. In addition, a 0.3-eV rigid shift of the molecular orbitals toward higher binding energy is observed, while the work function of the Mg-rich PyPySPyPy surface is reduced by 0.6 eV. The observed energy level evolution elucidates how the electronic structure of the Mg/PyPySPyPy interface depends on the chemical interaction between the metal and the organic. This is important for understanding and optimizing electron injection at the Mg/PyPySPyPy interface, which can be incorporated in electronic, electro-optic, and optoelectronic devices. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Chisso Corp, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ajm@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; kafafi@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 2 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 22 BP 3889 EP 3891 DI 10.1063/1.1579558 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 683AH UT WOS:000183124200027 ER PT J AU de Lorimier, AJ Byrd, W Hall, ER Vaughan, WM Tang, D Roberts, ZJ McQueen, CE Cassels, FJ AF de Lorimier, AJ Byrd, W Hall, ER Vaughan, WM Tang, D Roberts, ZJ McQueen, CE Cassels, FJ TI Murine antibody response to intranasally administered enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factor CS6 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE enterotoxigenic E. coli; colonization factor; microspheres ID VACCINE DELIVERY SYSTEM; BIODEGRADABLE MICROSPHERES; FACTOR ANTIGENS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; MUCOSAL; ABSORPTION; CHALLENGE; PROTEINS; MICROPARTICLES AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing nations. ETEC colonization factors (CF) are virulence determinants that appear to be protective antigens in humans and are the major target of vaccine efforts. One of the most prevalent CF, CS6, is expressed by about 30% of ETEC worldwide. This study was designed to compare the immunogenicity between encapsulated CS6 (CS6-PLG) and unencapsulated CS6. Recombinant CS6 was purified and encapsulated in biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres using current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). CS6-PLG and CS6 were administered intranasally (IN) to BALB/c mice in three vaccinations 4 weeks apart. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the anti-CS6 response in serum and mucosal secretions following each of the three inoculations. Mice vaccinated with two or three doses of CS6-PLG demonstrated a significantly greater rise in serum anti-CS6 IgG and mucosal IgA titer values than those immunized with two or three doses of CS6 alone. Three doses of CS6-PLG led to anti-CS6 serum IgG and mucosal IgA titer values 14-fold and 4.4-fold greater, respectively, than three doses of CS6 (P < 0.02). IN administered CS6 to mice is safe and highly immunogenic either alone or when encapsulated in microspheres. PLG microsphere encapsulation of CS6 significantly augments the antibody response to that antigen when administered to a mucosal surface. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Dent Res Detachment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Dept Biostat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Combat Casualty Care, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Enter Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cassels, FJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN 2 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 19-20 BP 2548 EP 2555 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00101-4 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 682PK UT WOS:000183100600045 PM 12744890 ER PT J AU Simmons, R Goldberg, D Goode, A Montemerlo, M Roy, N Sellner, B Urmson, C Schultz, A Abramson, M Adams, W Atrash, A Bugajska, M Coblen, M MacMahon, M Perzanowski, D Horswill, I Zubek, R Kortenkamp, D Wolfe, B Milam, T Maxwell, B AF Simmons, R Goldberg, D Goode, A Montemerlo, M Roy, N Sellner, B Urmson, C Schultz, A Abramson, M Adams, W Atrash, A Bugajska, M Coblen, M MacMahon, M Perzanowski, D Horswill, I Zubek, R Kortenkamp, D Wolfe, B Milam, T Maxwell, B TI GRACE - An autonomous robot for the AAAI Robot Challenge SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB In an attempt to solve as much of the AAAI Robot Challenge as possible, five research institutions representing academia, industry, and government integrated their research into a single robot named GRACE. This article describes this first-year effort by the GRACE team, including not only the various techniques each participant brought to GRACE but also the difficult integration effort itself. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, ACTR Res Grp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Human Comp Interact Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Robot PhD Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Syst Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Multimodal Multimedia Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Carnegie Mellon Univ, ACTR Res Grp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM reids@cs.cmu.edu; danig@cs.cmu.edu; agoode@andrew.cmu.edu; mmde@cs.cmu.edu; nickr@ri.cmu.edu; curmson@ri.cmu.edu; schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil; abramson@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; adams@aic.nrl.navy.mil; magda@aic.nrl.navy.mil; mcoblenz@andrew.cmu.edu; dennisp@aic.nrl.navy.mil; ian@northwestern.edu; rob@cs.northwestern.edu; b.wolfe@ieee.org RI Horswill, Ian/B-7175-2009; OI Simmons, Reid/0000-0003-3153-0453 NR 15 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 51 EP 72 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 692LG UT WOS:000183662100007 ER PT J AU Steffen, C Thomas, D AF Steffen, C Thomas, D TI Was Henri Gougerot the first to describe "Hailey-Hailey disease"? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BENIGN CHRONIC PEMPHIGUS AB In 1939, the brothers Hailey, William Howard, and Hugh Edward described two brothers in two separate families with a crusted, vesicular disease. They termed the eruption "familial benign chronic pemphigus." The following year, they reported on more members of families with a skin disease under the same title. In 1933, Henri Gougerot and Allee reported on a family whose members had a dermatosis under the title: "formes de transition entre la dermatitis polymorphe douloureuse de Brocq-Duhring et de pemphigus congenital familial hereditaire." Gougerot insisted that he had described the same disease as the Haileys and that he should be given credit for "la priorite." We will analyze the Haileys' reports and that of Gougerot and Allee and write something of their lives. Is it possible to render a judgment? C1 USN Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Steffen, C (reprint author), 1717 Avocado Rd, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 256 EP 259 DI 10.1097/00000372-200306000-00012 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 689LH UT WOS:000183494200012 PM 12775990 ER PT J AU Pickhardt, PJ Fleishman, MJ Fisher, AJ AF Pickhardt, PJ Fleishman, MJ Fisher, AJ TI Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: Multideltector CT findings of transient hepatic attenuation difference and gallbladder wall thickening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PERIHEPATITIS C1 USN, Dept Radiol, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Radiol Imaging Associates, Lakewood, CO 80235 USA. RP Pickhardt, PJ (reprint author), USN, Dept Radiol, Natl Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 180 IS 6 BP 1605 EP 1606 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683LE UT WOS:000183149200018 PM 12760928 ER PT J AU Tjaniadi, P Lesmana, M Subekti, D Machpud, N Komalarini, S Santoso, W Simanjuntak, CH Punjabi, N Campbell, JR Alexander, WK Beecham, HJ Corwin, AL Oyofo, BA AF Tjaniadi, P Lesmana, M Subekti, D Machpud, N Komalarini, S Santoso, W Simanjuntak, CH Punjabi, N Campbell, JR Alexander, WK Beecham, HJ Corwin, AL Oyofo, BA TI Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens associated with diarrheal patients in Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID STRAINS MULTIPLY RESISTANT; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SUBSP JEJUNI; SHIGELLA; THAILAND; SALMONELLA; AMPICILLIN; INFECTIONS AB The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for 2,812 bacterial pathogens isolated from diarrheal patients admitted to hospitals in several provinces in the cities of Jakarta, Padang, Medan, Denpasar, Pontianak, Makassar, and Batam, Indonesia were analyzed from 1995 to 2001 to determine their changing trends in response to eight antibiotics: ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Vibrio cholerae O1 (37.1%) was the pathogen most frequently detected, followed by Shigella spp. (27.3%), Salmonella spp. (17.7%), V. parahaemolyticus (7.3%), Salmonella typhi (3.9%), Campylobacter jejuni (3.6%), V. cholerae non-O1 (2.4%), and Salmonella paratyphi A (0.7%). Of the 767 Shigella spp. isolated, 82.8% were S. flexneri, 15.0% were S. sonnei, and 2.2% were S. dysenteriae (2.2%). The re-emergence of Shigella dysenteriae was noted in 1998, after an absence of 15 years. Shigella spp. were resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, while Salmonella spp. showed various resistance patterns according to species grouping. A small number of V. cholerae O1 were resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline; however, they were still sensitive to ceftriaxon, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Similar results were shown for V. cholerae non-O1. Campylobacter jejuni showed an increased frequency of resistance to ceftriaxone, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but was susceptible to erythromycin. This study shows that except for C jejuni and V. parahaemolyticus, which appeared to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, the majority of the enteric pathogens tested were still susceptible to fluoroquinolones. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, FPO, AP 96520 USA. Trisakti Univ, Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia. Sumber Waras Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. Friendship Hosp, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Tjaniadi, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132,Box 3, FPO, AP 96520 USA. NR 26 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 666 EP 670 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 699UZ UT WOS:000184075500011 PM 12887025 ER PT J AU Tanen, DA Miller, S French, T Riffenburgh, RH AF Tanen, DA Miller, S French, T Riffenburgh, RH TI Intravenous sodium valproate versus prochlorperazine for the emergency department treatment of acute migraine headaches: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP American Coll Emergency Phys ID INTRAMUSCULAR DIHYDROERGOTAMINE; METOCLOPRAMIDE; MEPERIDINE; KETOROLAC; EFFICACY AB Study objectives: We compare the efficacy of intravenous sodium valproate versus prochlorperazine for the emergency department treatment of acute migraine headache. Methods: We performed a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial performed at a tertiary care military ED. Forty patients, aged 18 to 65 years, presenting with typical migraine symptoms were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either 10 mg of prochlorperazine or 500 mg of valproate intravenously over 2 minutes. Pain, nausea, and sedation were assessed by using a standard visual analog scale (VAS). Changes in VAS scores were compared between groups from baseline to end point by using a rank sum test, over time by using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, and by requirement for rescue at 60 minutes by using the Fisher exact test. Results: Comparison of the change in median VAS scores over 60 minutes revealed that sodium valproate was significantly less effective than prochlorperazine in reducing pain or nausea (P<.001). Median improvements in VAS pain scores (binomial confidence intervals) were as follows: 64.5 mm (48.1 to 75.6 mm) for prochlorperazine versus 9 mm (-3 to 39.6 mm) for sodium valproate. Median improvements in VAS nausea scores were as follows: 35.5 mm (13.2 to 47.9 mm) for prochlorperazine versus 2 mm (-1.3 to 11 mm) for sodium valproate. There was no significant difference (P=.603) detected in the median changes in VAS scores for sedation: -4 mm (-29.9 to 8.6 mm) for prochlorperazine versus 0 mm (-6.6 to 6 mm) for sodium valproate. Comparison of the mean VAS time curves for pain and nausea also demonstrated a significant difference (both P<001) but not for sedation (P=.232). In post hoc analysis, valproate failed to elicit significant improvement in pain or nausea scores over time, whereas prochlorperazine improved pain by 30 minutes (P<.001) and nausea by 15 minutes (p=.002). At the conclusion of the study, 15 (79%) of 19 patients receiving valproate required rescue treatment compared with 5 (25%) of 20 patients receiving prochlorperazine (P<.001). Conclusion: Prochlorperazine was statistically and clinically superior to sodium valproate for the treatment of the pain and nausea associated with acute migraine headaches. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Hosp Jacksonville, Dept Emergency Med, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 847 EP + DI 10.1067/mem.2003.195 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 685JR UT WOS:000183260000012 PM 12764341 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, B TI A student's guide to the classics (Essay) SO ANTIOCH REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANTIOCH REVIEW PI YELLOW SPRINGS PA BOX 148, YELLOW SPRINGS, OH 45387 USA SN 0003-5769 J9 ANTIOCH REV JI Antioch Rev. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 61 IS 3 BP 477 EP 497 PG 21 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 706HA UT WOS:000184447200006 ER PT J AU Nichols, JM AF Nichols, JM TI Structural health monitoring of offshore structures using ambient excitation SO APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; ambient excitation; phase space; nonlinear prediction error ID MINIMIZING NATURAL FREQUENCY; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; DAMAGE DETECTION; CHAOTIC INTERROGATION; CORRELATION DIMENSION; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; RECONSTRUCTION; PLATFORMS; IDENTIFICATION; ATTRACTORS AB This work explores the role of ambient excitation and empirical modeling in detecting damage in offshore structures. Two simple models of an articulated offshore structure are excited with the output of a stochastic process conforming to the ambient Pierson-Moskowitz wave distribution. Because ambient excitation (hence the resulting response) is typically modeled as a narrow-band process, the resulting response is 'practically' low-dimensional allowing for phase space methods of analysis to be applied. Based on the structure's response to this excitation empirical phase space models are constructed. Structural response data from an undamaged structure are used to make predictions on the response of a damaged structure. As damage is incurred, the resulting prediction error increases. The result is a data-driven approach which can successfully detect a stiffness degradation in model offshore structures. This technique is demonstrated effective for diagnosing the presence, and in one of the examples the magnitude, of the degradation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nichols, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pele@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 61 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1187 EI 1879-1549 J9 APPL OCEAN RES JI Appl. Ocean Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.apor.2003.08.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 763VC UT WOS:000188120300001 ER PT J AU Johnston, K de Vegt, C Gaume, R AF Johnston, K de Vegt, C Gaume, R TI VLA radio positions of stars: 1978-1995 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; reference systems ID REFERENCE-FRAME; ASTROMETRY; EMISSION AB VLA astrometric positions of the radio emission from 52 stars are reported, from observations obtained between 1978 and 1995. The positions of these stars have been obtained and reduced in a uniform manner. Based on our measurements, the offset of the optical (Hipparcos) frame from the radio reference frame is in agreement with the Hipparcos extragalactic link results, within their mean errors. Comparison of the VLA measurements with the Hipparcos optical positions confirms earlier estimates of the accuracy of these positions as 30 mas. Long-term measurements of UX Ari have improved its proper motion. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Johnston, K (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 6 BP 3252 EP 3257 DI 10.1086/375302 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684YM UT WOS:000183234100035 ER PT J AU Guetter, HH Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB AF Guetter, HH Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Luginbuhl, CB TI JHK standard stars on the CIT photometric system SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared radiation; standards ID BROWN DWARFS; COOL DWARFS; SGR 1900+14; MASS STARS; ASTROMETRY; COLORS; CAMERA AB We present a set of 58 stars with JHK standard values on the CIT system and with a suitable magnitude range for use with array detectors on small- to moderate- size telescopes. Each final value is based on six to 47 measures ( with a mean of 17) obtained on separate nights with the US Naval Observatory (USNO) NICMOS3 (HgCdTe) camera. The objects include 20 primary CIT standards from Elias et al. and 38 secondary sources selected from the SAAO and UKIRT standards lists, cover a K-magnitude range between 6.0 and 10.8, and lie north of declination -20degrees. The stars were reduced to the CIT system as defined by Elias et al., producing a USNO system that is identical to the near-infrared CIT system. This work densifies the original CIT system by nearly a factor of 3 and extends its range by about 3 mag. The SAAO and UKIRT standards are also compared with the CIT system. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. EM guetter@nofs.navy.mil; fjv@nofs.navy.mil; aah@nofs.navy.mil; cbl@nofs.navy.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 6 BP 3344 EP 3348 DI 10.1086/375305 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684YM UT WOS:000183234100042 ER PT J AU Tycner, C Hajian, AR Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hutter, DJ Pauls, TA Lester, JB AF Tycner, C Hajian, AR Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, JT Benson, JA Gilbreath, GC Hutter, DJ Pauls, TA Lester, JB TI A method for internal calibration of optical interferometer data and application to the circumstellar envelope of gamma Cassiopeiae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual (gamma Cassiopeiae); techniques : interferometric ID STELLAR ANGULAR DIAMETERS; VISUAL SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; STARS; VARIABILITY AB We present a technique for calibrating optical long-baseline interferometric observations in which both the calibration corrections and the source characteristics are obtained from the observations of a program star. This calibration can only be applied to certain classes of objects, such as emission-line sources or binary systems, in which the parameters describing the characteristics of the source are orthogonal to the calibration parameters. The technique is applied to observations of gamma Cassiopeiae, obtained on four different nights with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer, and utilizes measurements obtained simultaneously in many spectral channels covering a wide spectral range, of which only two channels contain a strong signal due to the circumstellar envelope in the Halpha emission line. The calibrated observations in Halpha show a clearly resolved circumstellar structure. The best-fit elliptical Gaussian model fitted to our observations has ensemble average parameters of 3.67 +/- 0.09 mas for the angular size of the major axis, 0.79 +/- 0.03 for the axial ratio, and 32degrees +/- 5degrees for the position angle, all in good agreement with values reported by previous investigations. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Tycner, C (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 6 BP 3378 EP 3388 DI 10.1086/374994 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 684YM UT WOS:000183234100046 ER PT J AU Najita, J Carr, JS Mathieu, RD AF Najita, J Carr, JS Mathieu, RD TI Gas in the terrestrial planet region of disks: CO fundamental emission from T Tauri stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : variables : other ID T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MAGNETOCENTRIFUGALLY DRIVEN FLOWS; MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION MODELS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; KECK-II-TELESCOPE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; ECHELLE SPECTROGRAPH AB We report the results of a high-resolution spectroscopic survey for CO fundamental emission from T Tauri stars. CO fundamental emission is frequently detected, with the likely origin of the emission in the circumstellar disk. An initial assessment of the line profiles indicates that the emission region includes the equivalent of the terrestrial planet region of our solar system, a result that suggests the utility of CO fundamental emission as a probe of disks at planet formation distances. Since fundamental emission is detected frequently from both close binary and apparently single stars, it appears that both low column density regions, such as disk gaps, and temperature inversion regions in disk atmospheres can produce significant emission. The estimated excitation temperature of the emitting gas is unexpectedly warm for the disk radii that they appear to probe. Thus, the surface gaseous component of inner disks may be significantly warmer than the surface dust component. We also detect CO emission from a transitional T Tauri star. Because fundamental emission from CO and its isotopes is sensitive to a wide range of gas masses, including masses << M-circle plus, CO fundamental emission may prove useful in measuring the residual gas content of dissipating disks. This may be an effective way to explore the gas dissipation timescale in inner disks and to thereby place constraints on the timescale for giant planet formation. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Najita, J (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 72 TC 175 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 589 IS 2 BP 931 EP 952 DI 10.1086/374809 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681NX UT WOS:000183043200025 ER PT J AU Marengo, M Karovska, M Sasselov, DD Papaliolios, C Armstrong, JT Nordgren, TE AF Marengo, M Karovska, M Sasselov, DD Papaliolios, C Armstrong, JT Nordgren, TE TI Theoretical limb darkening for classical Cepheids. II. Corrections for the geometric Baade-Wesselink method SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; stars : atmospheres; stars : individual (zeta Geminorum) stars : oscillations; techniques : interferometric ID FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; LINE; STAR AB The geometric Baade-Wesselink method is one of the most promising techniques for obtaining a better calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation by means of interferometric measurements of accurate diameters. In this paper we present new wavelength- and phase-dependent limb-darkening (LD) corrections based on our time-dependent hydrodynamic models of the classical Cepheid zeta Gem. We show that a model simulation of a Cepheid atmosphere, taking into account the hydrodynamic effects associated with the pulsation, shows strong departures from the LD otherwise predicted by a static model. For most of its pulsational cycle the hydrodynamic model predicts a larger LD than the equivalent static model. The hydrodynamics affects the LD mainly at UV and optical wavelengths. Most of these effects evolve slowly as the star pulsates, but there are phases, associated with shocks propagating into the photosphere, in which significant changes in the LD take place on timescales of the order of less than a day. We assess the implication of our model LD corrections fitting the geometric Baade-Wesselink distance of zeta Gem for the available near-IR PTI data. We discuss the effects of our model LD on the best-fit result and analyze the requirements needed to test the time dependence of the LD with future interferometric measurements. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Redlands, Dept Phys, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. RP Marengo, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 589 IS 2 BP 968 EP 975 DI 10.1086/374736 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681NX UT WOS:000183043200028 ER PT J AU Landi, E Drago, FC AF Landi, E Drago, FC TI Solving the discrepancy between the extreme-ultraviolet and microwave observations of the quiet sun SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION-LINES; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; ATOMIC DATABASE; SUMER TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM; SOHO AB The aim of the present work is to understand the origin of the long-standing discrepancy between the EUV/UV-based predictions of the quiet-Sun microwave spectrum and the observed one. We compare accurate measurements of the quiet-Sun microwave brightness temperature (T-b) with theoretical calculations obtained by using the differential emission measure (DEM) of the plasma derived from UV and EUV spectral line intensities observed by the SUMER and CDS instruments on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). No agreement can be found between the observed T-b and calculations carried out using the standard DEM curves obtained from the EUV/UV observations. In order to obtain agreement, it is necessary (1) to modify the temperature range in which the DEM is usually defined in order to take into account the presence of an isothermal corona, (2) to separate the contribution of the cell and the network structures in the transition region, and (3) to substitute the EUV/UV-based DEM values at very low temperature ( log T less than or equal to 4.3) with values based on the Vernazza, Avrett, & Loeser model. In the present work we are able to solve a long-standing discrepancy between microwave and EUV/UV results, and we demonstrate the great potential of the simultaneous use of observations in these two spectral ranges. C1 Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 589 IS 2 BP 1054 EP 1061 DI 10.1086/374811 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681NX UT WOS:000183043200036 ER PT J AU Landi, E Bhatia, AK AF Landi, E Bhatia, AK TI Atomic data and emission-line intensities for Ca VII SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; plasmas; Sun : transition region ID CORONAL DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IONS; SOLAR; SI; WAVELENGTHS; TRANSITIONS AB In the present work we calculate energy levels, transition probabilities, and electron-ion collisional excitation rates for the 3s(2)3p(2), 3s3p(3), and 3s(2)3p(3)d configurations of the silicon-like ion Ca VII. The total number of intermediate coupling levels considered is 27. Collision strengths are calculated at seven incident electron energies: 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 60 ryd, using the distorted-wave approximation and a five-configuration model. Excitation rate coefficients are calculated by assuming a Maxwellian distribution of velocities and are used to calculate level populations and line emissivities under the assumption of statistical equilibrium. Line intensity ratios are calculated and compared with observed values measured from SERTS and SOHO CDS spectra. The diagnostic potential of Ca VII is demonstrated, with particular emphasis on the possibility of measuring the Ne/Ca relative abundance through simultaneous observations of Ca VII and Ne vi lines. Ca VII proves to be an excellent tool for the study of the first ionization potential effect in the solar transition region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Landi, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7660,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 589 IS 2 BP 1075 EP 1084 DI 10.1086/374686 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681NX UT WOS:000183043200038 ER PT J AU Phillips, KJH Sylwester, J Sylwester, B Landi, E AF Phillips, KJH Sylwester, J Sylwester, B Landi, E TI Solar flare abundances of potassium, argon, and sulphur SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; CORONAL ABUNDANCES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; CHIANTI; SPECTRA; CALCIUM; SUN AB The absolute abundance of potassium has been determined for the first time from X-ray solar flare line and continuum spectra. The absolute and relative abundances of Ar and S have also been determined. Assuming that the flare plasma is coronal, and since potassium has the lowest first ionization potential (FIP) of any common element on the Sun, this determination is of importance in the continuing debate concerning the nature of the coronal/photospheric element abundance ratios, which are widely considered to depend on the FIP. The measurements were made with the RESIK crystal spectrometer on the Coronas-F spacecraft. A differential emission measure DEM proportional to exp (-betaT(e)) was found to be the most consistent with the data of three models considered. We find that the K/H abundance ratio is (3.7 +/- 1.0) x 10(-7), a factor of 3 times photospheric. Our measured values of the Ar/H ratio, (2.8 +/- 0.2) x 10(-6), and of the S/H ratio, (2.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(-5), are equal to previous coronal and photospheric determinations to within uncertainties. These measurements therefore fit a pattern in which low-FIP elements are enriched in the corona by a factor 3 and in which high-FIP elements (including S) have equal coronal and photospheric abundances. C1 NASA, Natl Res Council, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Space Res Ctr, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. Artep Inc, Ellicott, MD 21042 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Phillips, KJH (reprint author), NASA, Natl Res Council, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 589 IS 2 BP L113 EP L116 DI 10.1086/375853 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681NZ UT WOS:000183043400014 ER PT J AU DeLonga, DM AF DeLonga, DM TI Proteinuria in aviation personnel: Waiver policy in the US Navy SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE proteinuria; kidney; disposition AB Background: Proteinuria is a condition occasionally detected both in applicants for military pilot training and in experienced pilots. Medical personnel involved in the care of either group require a standardized policy for the evaluation and aeromedical disposition of proteinuria for these personnel. Methods. A literature search was conducted to obtain current information and prognostic data on proteinuria in the general medical literature. Generally accepted waiver principles were then examined to determine if proteinuria should be waivered in aviation personnel. Other agency policies regarding proteinuria in aviation personnel were examined. The biomedical database records at the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute (NAMI) were searched to discover the U.S. Navy's experience in the evaluation and disposition of aviation personnel with proteinuria. Results. A review of the general medical literature revealed general categories of proteinuria (dependent on protein excretion amount and symptomatology) and the presence or absence of systemic disease that correlated well with prognostic data. These categories provided useful criteria to develop an aeromedical policy that was consistent with previous (informal) NAMI policies, generally accepted waiver principles, and the existing policies of other agencies. Using the above results, a recommended policy for aviation personnel with proteinuria was presented. Conclusions. A recommended policy for the evaluation and aeromedical disposition of aviation personnel with proteinuria was developed for both applicants for U.S. Navy aviation duty as well as in those already serving within the U.S. Navy aviation community. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP DeLonga, DM (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 6 BP 664 EP 668 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 685HU UT WOS:000183257400012 PM 12793540 ER PT J AU Koretsky, CM Moore, CM Lowe, KL Meile, C Dichristina, TJ VAN Cappellen, P AF Koretsky, CM Moore, CM Lowe, KL Meile, C Dichristina, TJ VAN Cappellen, P TI Seasonal oscillation of microbial iron and sulfate reduction in saltmarsh sediments (Sapelo Island, GA, USA) SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microbial iron reduction; redox zonation; saltmarsh; sulfate reduction ID COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; REDUCING BACTERIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FERRIC IRON; QUANTIFYING BIOIRRIGATION; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; MANGANESE REDUCTION; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS AB Seasonal variations in anaerobic respiration pathways were investigated at three saltmarsh sites using chemical data, sulfate reduction rate measurements, enumerations of culturable populations of anaerobic iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB), and quantification of in situ 16S rRNA hybridization signals targeted for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Bacterial sulfate reduction in the sediments followed seasonal changes in temperature and primary production of the saltmarsh, with activity levels lowest in winter and highest in summer. In contrast, a dramatic decrease in the FeRB population size was observed during summer at all sites. The collapse of FeRB populations during summer was ascribed to high rates of sulfide production by SRB, resulting in abiotic reduction of bioavailable Fe(III) (hydr)oxides. To test this hypothesis, sediment slurry incubations at 10, 20 and 30degreesC were carried out. Increases in temperature and labile organic carbon availability (acetate or lactate additions) increased rates of sulfate reduction while decreasing the abundance of culturable anaerobic FeRB. These trends were not reversed by the addition of amorphous Fe(III) (hydr) oxides to the slurries. However, when sulfate reduction was inhibited by molybdate, no decline in FeRB growth was observed with increasing temperature. Addition of dissolved sulfide adversely impacted propagation of FeRB whether molybdate was added or not. Both field and laboratory data therefore support a sulfide-mediated limitation of microbial iron respiration by SRB. When total sediment respiration rates reach their highest levels during summer, SRB force a decline in the FeRB populations. As sulfate reduction activity slows down after the summer, the FeRB are able to recover. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Utrecht, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39525 USA. RP Koretsky, CM (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Van Cappellen, Philippe/A-2906-2013; OI Van Cappellen, Philippe/0000-0001-5476-0820; Meile, Christof/0000-0002-0825-4596 NR 77 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 30 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUN-JUL PY 2003 VL 64 IS 2 BP 179 EP 203 DI 10.1023/A:1024940132078 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 705UU UT WOS:000184414400003 ER PT J AU Lorenz, MGO Cortes, LM Lorenz, JJ Liu, ET AF Lorenz, MGO Cortes, LM Lorenz, JJ Liu, ET TI Strategy for the design of custom cDNA microarrays SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION AB DNA microarrays are valuable but expensive tools for expression profiling of cells, tissues, and organs. The design of custom microarrays leads to cost reduction without necessarily compromising their biological value. Here we present a strategy for designing custom cDNA microarrays and constructed a microarray for mouse immunology research (ImmunoChip(TM)). The strategy used interrogates expressed sequence tag databases available in the public domain but overcomes many of the problems encountered. Immunologically relevant clusters were selected based on the expression of expressed sequence tags in relevant libraries. Selected clusters were organized in modules, and the best representative clones were identified. When tested, this microarray was found to have minimal clone identity errors or phage contamination and identified molecular signatures of lymphoid cell lines. Our proposed design of custom microarrays avoids probe redundancy, allows the organization of the chip to optimize chip production, and reduces microarray production costs. The strategy described is also useful for the design of oligonucleotide microarrays. C1 NCI, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Genome Inst Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Lorenz, MGO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM lorenzm@nmrc.nav.mil RI Liu, Edison/C-4141-2008 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1264 EP + PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 688JB UT WOS:000183429700022 PM 12813895 ER PT J AU Vaux, KK Kahole, NCO Jones, KL AF Vaux, KK Kahole, NCO Jones, KL TI Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and cytarabine embropathy: Is apoptosis the common pathway? SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-DEATH; PREGNANCY; THERAPY; EMBRYOS; MICE; TERATOGENICITY; ANOMALIES; INVIVO AB BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent primarily used for the treatment of autoimmune disease and cancer. The purpose of this article is two-fold: first, to indicate that CP is a recognized human teratogen based on the features seen in a child prenatally exposed to this agent, as well as features seen in the previously reported cases; second, to suggest a common pathway to explain the similarity in the pattern of malformation seen in infants prenatally exposed to CP, in infants prenatally exposed to methotrexate (MTX), and in infants prenatally exposed to cytosine arabinoside (CA). METHODS: Case report and review of the literature of an infant prenatally exposed to CP during the first trimester with a specific pattern of malformation. Features are compared to seven previous reports. RESULTS: A common pattern of malformation is delineated including growth deficiency, hypoplasia of the calvarial and facial bones, and oligodactyly. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a similar pattern of malformation among eight infants prenatally exposed to CP suggests that CP is a human teratogen. MTX and CA produce similar patterns of malformation in prenatally exposed infants despite very Efferent pharmocologic profiles and metabolism. We speculate that the phenotype is a consequence of apoptosis in certain cells which are susceptible to the effects of the teratogen at specific stages of development. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Cape Town, Sch Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM klyons@ucsd.edu NR 32 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 6 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1002/bdra.10060 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XG UT WOS:000185287100001 PM 12962283 ER PT J AU Traves, WN AF Traves, WN TI Localization of the Hasse-Schmidt algebra SO CANADIAN MATHEMATICAL BULLETIN-BULLETIN CANADIEN DE MATHEMATIQUES LA English DT Article AB The behaviour of the Hasse-Schmidt algebra of higher derivations under localization is studied using Andre cohomology. Elementary techniques are used to describe the Hasse-Schmidt derivations on certain monomial rings in the nonmodular case. The localization conjecture is then verified for all monomial rings. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI OTTAWA PA 577 KING EDWARD RD, PO BOX 450, STATION A, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1N 6N5, CANADA SN 0008-4395 J9 CAN MATH BULL JI Can. Math. Bul.-Bul. Can. Math. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.4153/CMB-2003-031-2 PG 6 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 687UP UT WOS:000183395600015 ER PT J AU Feddersen, F Gallagher, EL Guza, RT Elgar, S AF Feddersen, F Gallagher, EL Guza, RT Elgar, S TI The drag coefficient, bottom roughness, and wave-breaking in the nearshore SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nearshore; bed roughness; drag coefficient; circulation ID SURF ZONE; OBLIQUELY INCIDENT; LONGSHORE-CURRENT; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION AB The bottom drag coefficient in the nearshore has been suggested to depend on bottom roughness (bedforms) or alternatively on wave breaking. The hypothesis that bottom drag coefficient depends on bottom roughness is tested with 2 months of field observations collected on a sandy ocean beach during the Duck94 field experiment. Both the drag coefficient (estimated from alongshore momentum balances) and bottom roughness (estimated from fixed altimeters) are larger within the surfzone than in the region farther seaward. Although the drag coefficient increases with roughness seaward of the surfzone, no relationship was found between the drag coefficient and roughness-related quantities within the surfzone. These results suggest that breaking-wave generated turbulence increases the surfzone drag coefficient. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, AOPE, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM falk@whoi.edu; egallagh@oc.nps.navy.mil; rguza@ucsd.edu; elgar@whoi.edu NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 EI 1872-7379 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0378-3839(03)00026-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 700KM UT WOS:000184111200004 ER PT J AU Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Tatem, PA AF Ndubizu, CC Ananth, R Tatem, PA TI Boundary layer flame spread over PMMA within the quench zone: A moving boundary effect SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flame spread; boundary layer ID MECHANISMS AB This article focuses on the effects of moving boundary on countercurrent flame spread over polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) near the flame extinction limits. Experiments were conducted with low oxygen concentration (less than or equal to19.4% by volume) and/or high freestream velocities. At these conditions the flame was observed to retreat from the fuel leading edge after ignition and stabilize downstream, establishing a quench zone. While the flame was retreating, the entire sample surface was relatively. at. As the flame stabilizes, a small valley is formed near the flame leading edge and then the flame spreads upstream, decreasing the length of the quench zone with time. The results show that the flame could not be sustained within the quench zone when the surface was. at, molten, and pyrolyzing but will spread upstream after the surface has solidified. It appears that the presence of the valley stabilizes the flame, perhaps by creating a stagnation/recirculating zone that increases the Damkohler number and enables the flame to spread upstream. Flame spread in these experiments is chemically controlled and the spread rates were comparable to the regression rates. Both rates are observed to decrease with time as the valley enlarges. C1 Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ndubizu, CC (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1058 DI 10.1080/00102200390201613 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 684FV UT WOS:000183195500002 ER PT J AU Martin, FJ Natishan, PM Lucas, KE Hogan, EA Grolleau, AM Thomas, ED AF Martin, FJ Natishan, PM Lucas, KE Hogan, EA Grolleau, AM Thomas, ED TI Crevice corrosion of alloy 625 in natural seawater SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE alloy 625; ambient temperature; crevice corrosion; ennoblement; seawater ID CHLORIDE-CONTAINING ENVIRONMENTS; STAINLESS-STEELS; OXYGEN REDUCTION; SEA-WATER; TEMPERATURE; BIOFILMS; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE AB An experimental study was conducted to determine the influence of temperature on crevice corrosion initiation for Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) in natural seawater. These tests showed that there was a critical potential-temperature-time relation-ship needed to initiate crevice corrosion. The potential necessary to cause crevice corrosion on Alloy 625 decreased (became less noble) when the temperature was increased from ambient to 40degreesC. The crevice initiation potential decreased from 300 mV for ambient temperature seawater to 100 mV for 40degreesC seawater. Crevice initiation potentials were essentially unchanged between 40degreesC and 65degreesC, while the time required to initiate crevice corrosion decreased as temperature. increased. In a second aspect of this work, natural seawater exposure studies, were conducted to determine if there is a mechanistic connection between ennoblement (the gradual elevation of corrosion potential that occurs during long-term continuous immersion in natural seawater) and crevice corrosion initiation. It was found that ennoblement produced corrosion potentials that exceed the crevice corrosion initiation potential in ambient temperature natural seawater. At 65degreesC, the open-circuit potential did not exceed the crevice initiation potential. However, temperature transients from ambient to elevated temperature created temporary conditions where the corrosion potential was substantially higher than the crevice initiation potential if ennoblement had previously occurred at ambient temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. DCN Cherbourg, Dept 2EI, F-50115 Cherbourg, France. Washington Navy Yard, Mat Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUN PY 2003 VL 59 IS 6 BP 498 EP 504 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 689CC UT WOS:000183473200003 ER PT J AU Ferrer, CP Koul, MG Connolly, BJ Moran, AL AF Ferrer, CP Koul, MG Connolly, BJ Moran, AL TI Improvements in strength and stress corrosion cracking properties in aluminum alloy 7075 via low-temperature retrogression and re-aging heat treatments SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE AA7075; aging aircraft; re-aging heat treatments; retrogression; stress corrosion cracking ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; 7075-T6 AB The susceptibility of aluminum alloy 7075 (AA7075 [UNS A97075]) to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the peak strength T6 temper is alleviated through the use of the T73, or over-aged temper, which provides improved SCC resistance with a 10% to 15% strength loss compared to the T6 temper. Previous research has indicated that retrogression and re-aging (RRA) heat treatments reduce the trade-off between T6 strength and T73 SCC resistance. The short-term heat treatment they used, however, limited the applicability of RRA to thin sections of material. The primary goals of this research effort were to determine if lower retrogression temperatures could be used in the RRA process to extend the applicability of this heat treatment to thick section aircraft components and to quantify any observed improvements. Alternate immersion (AI) and double-cantilever beam (DCB) tests were conducted in a 0.6-M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution to evaluate the SCC resistance of various tempers. Improvements in properties were demonstrated using RRA heat treatments at lower temperatures and longer times than those previously investigated. In general, the various RRA tempers <200degreesC produced strengths similar to that of T6 with improved SCC properties. The RRA temper with retrogression at 160degreesC for 660 min produced the greatest improvement in SCC resistance, with only a 4% reduction in strength below T6. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moran, AL (reprint author), USN Acad, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUN PY 2003 VL 59 IS 6 BP 520 EP 528 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 689CC UT WOS:000183473200006 ER PT J AU Arnaud, FG Khirabadi, B Fahy, GM AF Arnaud, FG Khirabadi, B Fahy, GM TI Physiological evaluation of a rabbit kidney perfused with VS41A SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryopreservation; machine-perfused kidney; dimethyl sulfoxide; formamide; propylene glycol; isolated perfused kidney; VS55 ID NORMOTHERMIC BLOOD PERFUSION; 7.5 M CRYOPROTECTANT; MAMMALIAN KIDNEY; CRYOPRESERVATION; TRANSPLANTATION AB The current report compares the renal physiological impact of a standard vitrification solution, VS41A, as measured by normothermic blood perfusion, to the physiological effects of VS4, a related but more dilute vitrification solution previously shown to be consistently compatible with life support function of transplanted rabbit kidneys. VS41A, which allows survival of only about half of the kidneys perfused with it, also appeared to be more damaging than VS4 based on in vitro functional indices and histology in one rabbit kidney so evaluated. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. 21st Century Med, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA. RP Fahy, GM (reprint author), 21st Century Med, 10844 Edison Court, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD JUN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0011-2240(03)00045-2 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 696TJ UT WOS:000183903100010 PM 12818220 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Higginbottom, PA Fehl, FC Graham, BS AF Crum, NF Higginbottom, PA Fehl, FC Graham, BS TI Sweet's syndrome masquerading as facial cellulitis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID FEBRILE NEUTROPHILIC DERMATOSIS; MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; POTASSIUM-IODIDE; MANIFESTATIONS AB Sweet's syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a cutaneous condition that typically occurs as tender red plaques or nodules. However, atypical presentations may occur and, in our case, Sweet's syndrome masqueraded as facial cellulitis and soft tissue infections of the extremities in a sporotrichoid pattern. Despite treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, the cutaneous lesions progressed. Results of skin biopsy specimens of the facial plaque and a nodule on the right upper extremity were diagnostic of Sweet's syndrome. Simultaneous to diagnosis, the patient also was found to have acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Scripps Clin, Div Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA USA. Scripps Clin, Dept Dermatol, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Infect Dis, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 6 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 689VJ UT WOS:000183513400007 PM 12839258 ER PT J AU Moore, MH Hudson, RL Ferrante, RF AF Moore, MH Hudson, RL Ferrante, RF TI Radiation products in processed ices relevant to Edgeworth-Kuiper-Belt objects SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article ID CARBONIC-ACID; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; WATER-ICE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; IRRADIATED ICES; PHYSICAL STATE; COMET HALLEY; SOLID-STATE; ANALOGS; SURFACE AB Near the inner edge of the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt (EKB) are Pluto and Charon, which are known to have N-2-and H2O-dominated surface ices, respectively. Such non-polar and polar ices, and perhaps mixtures of them, also may be present on other trans-Neptunian objects. Pluto, Charon, and all EKB objects reside in a weak, but constant UV-photon and energetic ion radiation environment that drives chemical reactions in their surface ices. Effects of photon and ion processing include changes in ice composition, volatility, spectra, and albedo, and these have been studied in a number of laboratories. This paper focuses on ice processing by ion irradiation and is aimed at understanding the volatiles, ions, and residues that may exist on outer solar system objects. We summarize radiation chemical products of N-2-rich and H2O-rich ices containing CO or CH4, including possible volatiles such as alcohols, acids, and bases. Less-volatile products that could accumulate on EKB objects are observed to form in the laboratory from acid-base reactions, reactions promoted by warming, or reactions due to radiation processing of a relatively pure ice (e.g., CO --> C3O2). New IR spectra are reported for the 1 - 5 mum region, along with band strengths for the stronger features of carbon suboxide, carbonic acid, the ammonium and cyanate ions, polyoxymethylene, and ethylene glycol. These six materials are possible contributors to EKB surfaces, and will be of interest to observers and future missions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Eckerd Coll, St Petersburg, FL 33733 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moore, MH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Marla.H.Moore@nasa.gov; hudsonrl@eckerd.edu; ferrante@usna.edu RI Hudson, Reggie/E-2335-2012 NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD JUN PY 2003 VL 92 IS 1-4 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1023/B:MOON.0000031946.53696.f6 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 829OD UT WOS:000222057600026 ER PT J AU Mace, NA AF Mace, NA TI John Dryden's Aeneas: A hero in Enlightenment mode SO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mace, NA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0013-2586 J9 EIGHTEENTH-CENT STUD JI Eighteenth-Century Stud. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1353/ecs.2003.0049 PG 4 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 702KM UT WOS:000184223100025 ER PT J AU Mace, NA AF Mace, NA TI The English Horace: Anthony Alsop and the tradition of British Latin verse SO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mace, NA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0013-2586 J9 EIGHTEENTH-CENT STUD JI Eighteenth-Century Stud. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1353/ecs.2003.0049 PG 4 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 702KM UT WOS:000184223100024 ER PT J AU Willauer, HD Collins, GE AF Willauer, HD Collins, GE TI Analysis of inorganic and small organic ions with the capillary electrophoresis microchip SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE capillary electrophoresis microchip; inorganic ions; miniaturization; review ID AGENT DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LED ABSORBENCY DETECTION; TRANSITION-METAL IONS; CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION; CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION AB Capillary electrophoresis microchip devices are receiving considerable attention due to their versatility, portability, and sample handling capabilities. This article is a comprehensive review of the analysis of inorganic and small, charged organic species on microchip platforms. The application of conductivity, amperometry, laser-induced fluorescence, absorbance, and chemiluminescence detection methods are discussed. The potential utilization of these devices for miniaturized analytical systems is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 78 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 12-13 BP 2193 EP 2207 DI 10.1002/elps.200305435 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 702PY UT WOS:000184233300031 PM 12858393 ER PT J AU Biswas, AK Fruedenthal, WC AF Biswas, AK Fruedenthal, WC TI Levalbuterol toxicity: no reason to be jittery SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID (S)-ALBUTEROL INCREASES; RACEMIC ALBUTEROL; ASTHMA C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Biswas, AK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Div Pediat Crit Care Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1081 DI 10.1183/09031936.03.00115802 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 685CH UT WOS:000183242900027 PM 12797506 ER PT J AU Stephens, MB Harrison, JJ Wilson, C Ringler, RL Robinson, C AF Stephens, MB Harrison, JJ Wilson, C Ringler, RL Robinson, C TI Are children of military parents more physically fit than children of civilian parents? SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; OBESITY AB Background and Objectives: It is not known whether parental activity levels influence children's physical fitness. Members of the military are required to maintain standards of physical fitness, whereas the civilian population is not. We conducted this study to compare fitness levels of children in military and civilian families. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of third-grade students from two public schools in San Diego County, Calif Attendees of one school included children of enlisted service personnel. Attendees of the other school included officers' children. Civilian students attended both schools. Students' physical fitness was tested with several standard instruments, including time on a 1-mile run. Independent variables included whether students had civilian or military parents, television viewing habits, and parental military status (enlisted personnel versus officer) as a surrogate marker for socioeconomic status. Results: A total of 170 of 246 (70%) eligible students completed the study. Children of military parents had lower scores on the mile run and lower scores on other measures of fitness than did children of civilian parents. Socioeconomic status (ie, child of officer versus enlisted personnel) was the strongest predictor of poor fitness, with children of enlisted service members scoring lower on all measures of physical fitness than officers' children. More television viewing was associated with lower levels of fitness. Conclusions: Children of military parents did not have a higher fitness level than children of civilian parents. Lower socioeconomic status and more television viewing are associated with lower levels of fitness. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Hosp, Flight Line Clin, Sigonella, Italy. Naval Hosp, Lemoor, CA 93246 USA. Naval Hosp, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 6 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 687YN UT WOS:000183404700010 PM 12817865 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ AF Viera, AJ TI Thyroid function testing in outpatients: Are both sensitive thyrotropin (sTSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) necessary? SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATION GUIDELINES AB Background and Objectives: Despite improved thyroid function testing assays, appropriate use of these commonly ordered tests to detect thyroid dysfunction remains controversial. This study determined if a normal sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone (sTSH) test alone is sufficient to rule out thyroid dysfunction in outpatients. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of initial sTSH and free thyroxine index (FT4) tests ordered during a 26-month period. Test results were classified as concordant if both the sTSH and FT4 indicated the same findings (ie, euthyroid, hyperthyroid, or hypothyroid). The results were classified as discordant if the sTSH and FT4 did not indicate the same findings. Results: There were 1,392 paired sTSH and FT4 results. Of 1,340 results classified as concordant (962%), 1,187 specimens were consistent with euthyroidism, 41 with hyperthyroidism, and 112 with hypothyroidism. Of the remaining 52 (3.8%) discordant results, 47 met the definition of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Excluding these 47 results yielded a concordance rate of 99.6%. Of the 1, 192 normal sTSH results, FT4 was low in two and high in three. If FT4 tests had not been ordered on the.], 192 specimens with normal sTSH levels, the savings over the study period would have been more than $3,360. Conclusions: If the sTSH is normal, the likelihood of an abnormal FT4 is very small. sTSH alone is adequate to screen outpatients for thyroid dysfunction. Limiting FT4 tests to those with abnormal sTSH results will result in cost savings. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 6 BP 408 EP 410 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 687YN UT WOS:000183404700011 PM 12817866 ER PT J AU Orsello, C Dommermuth, R AF Orsello, C Dommermuth, R TI Maximizing neonatal early onset group B streptococcal disease prevention with universal culture screening at 35 to 37 weeks gestation: A comparison of GBS detection rates between LIM broth and CNA culture media SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COLONIZATION; PROTOCOLS; CARRIAGE; WOMEN AB Background and Objectives: Group B streptococcal (GBS) disease is the most common cause of early onset neonatal sepsis. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends performing recto-vaginal cultures on pregnant woman to detect GBS, followed by treatment of women with positive cultures. Our facility adopted selective culture screening in 1997 using a colistin-naladixic acid (CNA) plate media instead of the more expensive LIM broth media. CNA plate cultures cost one third that of LIM broth and allow for final results in 24 hours, versus 48-72 hours with LIM broth. We hypothesized that CNA media saves time, money, and detects GBS as effectively as LIM broth. This study determined which media is superior at detecting recto-vaginal GBS. Methods: This was a case-control study involving 152 consecutive pregnant patients at 35-37 weeks from August 1 to October 1, 2001, at Naval Hospital Bremerton, Wash. We obtained two recto-vaginal swabs from each patient. One was cultured in LIM broth and the other on CNA medium. We then compared differences in the rates of positive cultures with LIM broth versus CNA medium using chi-square statistics and calculation of odds ratios (OR). Results: LIM broth detected GBS in 35 of 145 (24.1%) women versus 21 of 145 (14.5%) using CNA. CNA failed to detect GBS in 15 cases in which LIM broth succeeded (OR= 1.88; 95% CI= 1.03-3.4). Conclusions: LIM broth is superior at detecting maternal GBS colonization and is recommended over CNA plate to maximize prevention of early onset neonatal GBS disease. C1 USN Hosp, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. RP Orsello, C (reprint author), USN Hosp, Bremerton, WA 98312 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 6 BP 411 EP 413 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 687YN UT WOS:000183404700012 PM 12817867 ER PT J AU Foster, KR D'Andrea, JA Chalfin, S Hatcher, DJ AF Foster, KR D'Andrea, JA Chalfin, S Hatcher, DJ TI Thermal modeling of millimeter wave damage to the primate cornea at 35 GHz and 94 GHz SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microwaves; radiation, nonionizing; dose, organ; health effects ID EPITHELIAL DAMAGE; RADIATION AB Recent data on damage to the primate cornea from exposure to millimeter wave radiation are interpreted in terms of a simple thermal model. The measured temperature increases during the exposures (duration 1-5 s, 35 or 94 GHz, 2-7 W cm(-2)) agree with the model within the variability of the data. The thresholds for damage to the cornea (staining of the corneal epithelium by fluorescein and corneal edema) correspond to temperature increases of about 20degreesC at both irradiation frequencies. Within the limits of the one-dimensional model, thresholds for thermal damage to the cornea can be predicted for a range of exposure conditions. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Bioengn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Foster, KR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Bioengn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM kfoster@seas.upenn.edu NR 17 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 BP 764 EP 769 DI 10.1097/00004032-200306000-00009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 682XL UT WOS:000183117600009 PM 12822586 ER PT J AU Nelson, ME Dormo, JH Jenkins, RB St John, TJ AF Nelson, ME Dormo, JH Jenkins, RB St John, TJ TI Comparison of calibration light sources for use in a commercial TLD reader. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 SU 2 BP S168 EP S168 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 683QE UT WOS:000183160000059 ER PT J AU Schuler, DL Jansen, RW Lee, JS Kasilingam, D AF Schuler, DL Jansen, RW Lee, JS Kasilingam, D TI Polarisation orientation angle measurements of ocean internal waves and current fronts using polarimetric SAR SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (EUSAR 2002) CY JUN 04-06, 2002 CL COLOGNE, GERMANY SP ITG VDE, FGAN, DLLR, EADS, Astrium, EUREL, URSI, DGON, IEEE ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; TOPOGRAPHY; SIGNATURES; MODEL; REAL AB Recent studies have shown that polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data may be used to measure parameters such as bare surface roughness. Polarisation orientation angles, derived from POLSAR data, can be utilised to produce estimates of topography. Orientation angles have been used for SAR data compensation, in areas of rugged terrain, to ensure accurate estimation of geophysical parameters such as biomass and soil moisture. Orientation angles have also recently been investigated for use in measuring directional ocean wave spectra. Studies of these ocean features are conventionally done by measuring feature-related microwave backscatter intensity perturbations. In the work presented, a new approach is taken. Investigations have been made of changes in the polarisation orientation angle caused by ocean wave-current interaction features. The study uses airborne POLSAR data obtained in the New York Bight and in the Gulf Stream, east of Cape Hatteras. A model is used to determine the parametric dependencies of the orientation angle on internal wave current, wind-wave direction and wind-wave speed. An empirical relation is proposed to relate orientation angle perturbations to the underlying internal wave current strength. C1 USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 150 IS 3 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030492 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 704PE UT WOS:000184348000007 ER PT J AU Matsakis, D AF Matsakis, D TI Timekeeping at the US Naval Observatory SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB No one can stop time, but time can stop a system. Users need to be aware of the different flavors of time, depending upon their needs. Most systems require that all their components be on common time (synchrony), but they cannot keep them on time unless they are also on a common frequency (syntony). Other systems simply require syntony. The US Naval Observatory (USNO) is the timing reference for GPS. Its Master Clock (MC) is based upon 72 HP5071 cesium and 17 hydrogen maser frequency standards in three buildings at two sites, and their data are used to generate UTC (USNO). The USNO disseminates and distributes the time not only via GPS, but also with Loran, Network Time Protocol (NTP), and Two-Way-Satellite Time Transfer (TWSTT). Our emphasis is on robustness through repeated calibration and multiplicity of systems, and we recommend this for our users as well. Further details and explanations of our services can be found on: http://tycho.usno.navy.mil, or by contacting the author directly. RP Matsakis, D (reprint author), USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, 3450 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1109/MAES.2003.1209584 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 691JB UT WOS:000183601700002 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Design optimization for high-brightness surface-emitting photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE distributed feedback lasers; laser modes; laser resonators; quantum well devices; semiconductor lasers ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; WELL LASERS; 2ND-ORDER GRATINGS; TRIANGULAR-LATTICE; BAND-STRUCTURE; DIODE-LASERS; HIGH-POWER; RADIATION AB A new time-domain Fourier-Galerkin (TDFG) theory is developed to simulate the near-field, far-field and spectral characteristics of surface-emitting photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (SE PCDFB) lasers. It is found that a properly-designed two-dimensional hexagonal or square-lattice grating should efficiently couple the output into a single SE mode that retains coherence for aperture diameters of up to approximate to 1 mm. We identify lattice structures and precise conditions under which all components of the transverse electric or transverse magnetic polarized optical fields constructively interfere to produce a single-lobed, near-diffraction-limited circular output beam. The TDFG simulations predict that quantum efficiencies as high as 30% (60% if reflectors are built into the waveguide structure) should be attainable. A surprising conclusion is that diffractive coupling into the surface-emitting direction must be relatively weak, in order to assure selection of the desired symmetric in-phase mode. Furthermore, gain media with a moderate linewidth enhancement factor should produce the best SE PCDFB performance, whereas edge emitters nearly always benefit from a very small value. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.1109/JQE.2003.811943 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 684ND UT WOS:000183212700001 ER PT J AU Piepmeier, JA Bishop, BE Knowles, KA AF Piepmeier, JA Bishop, BE Knowles, KA TI Modern robotics engineering instruction SO IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE mobile robotics; engineering; undergraduate course; mulimedia AB Developing Student Insight into Robotic Systems Through Current Events, Video Conference Proceedings, and Science-Fiction Films. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bishop, BE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, 105 Maryland Ave,Stop 14A, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9932 J9 IEEE ROBOT AUTOM MAG JI IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 2 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1109/MRA.2003.1213614 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA 693XB UT WOS:000183742700007 ER PT J AU Gulian, AM Wood, KS AF Gulian, AM Wood, KS TI Triplet superconductors from the viewpoint of basic elements for quantum computers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Apple, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Cingular Wireless, Council SuperConductiv Amer Competit, Hewlett Packard Co, Houston Adv Res Ctr, IEEE CSC Council Superconductiv, IISSC, Marimon, Naval Res Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconductiv & Adv Mat, US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Univ Houston, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Univ Houston, Div Res, Wah Chang DE chiral states; quantum computing; qubit; ruthenate ID ORBITAL MOTIONS; SR2RUO4; FERROMAGNETISM; HE-3 AB We discuss possibilities of utilizing superconductors with Cooper condensates in triplet pairing states (where the spin of condensate pairs is S = 1) for practical realization of quantum computers. Superconductors with triplet pairing condensates have features that are unique and cannot be found in the usual (singlet pairing, S = 0) superconductors. The symmetry of the order parameter in some triplet superconductors (e.g., ruthenates) corresponds to doubly-degenerate chiral states. These states can serve as qubit base states for quantum computing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM armen.gulian@nrl.navy.mil; kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 944 EP 947 DI 10.1109/TASC.2003.814156 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 702UB UT WOS:000184241700216 ER PT J AU Stevenson, TR Hsieh, WT Li, MJ Rhee, KW Schoelkopf, RJ Stahle, CM Teufel, JD AF Stevenson, TR Hsieh, WT Li, MJ Rhee, KW Schoelkopf, RJ Stahle, CM Teufel, JD TI Fabrication of tunnel junctions for direct detector arrays with single-electron transistor readout using electron-beam lithography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Apple, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Cingular Wireless, Council SuperCond Amer Competit, Hewlett Packard Co, Houston Adv Res Ctr, IEEE CSC Council Supercond, IISSC, Marimon, Naval Res Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond & Adv Mat, US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Univ Houston, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Univ Houston, Div Res, Wah Chang DE deep ultraviolet; electron-beam lithography; PMMA/copolymer; single electron transistor; SQUID ID RESISTS AB This paper describes the fabrication of small aluminum tunnel junctions for applications in astronomy. Antenna-coupled superconducting tunnel junctions with integrated single-electron transistor readout have the potential for photon-counting sensitivity at sub-mm wavelengths. The junctions for the detector and single-electron transistor can be made with electron-beam lithography and a standard self-aligned double-angle deposition process. However, high yield and uniformity of the junctions is required for large-format detector arrays. This paper describes how measurement and modification of the sensitivity ratio in the resist bilayer was used to, greatly improve the reliability of forming devices with uniform, sub-micron size, low-leakage junctions. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Stevenson, TR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, Code 553, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Teufel, John/A-8898-2010; Schoelkopf, Robert/J-8178-2012 OI Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941; NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 1139 EP 1142 DI 10.1109/TASC.2003.814175 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 702UB UT WOS:000184241700265 ER PT J AU Ige, SO Aized, D Curda, A Medeiros, R Prum, C Hwang, P Naumovich, G Golda, EM AF Ige, SO Aized, D Curda, A Medeiros, R Prum, C Hwang, P Naumovich, G Golda, EM TI Mine countermeasures HTS magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Apple, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Cingular Wireless, Council SuperCond Amer Competit, Hewlett Packard Co, Houston Adv Res Ctr, IEEE CSC Council Supercond, IISSC, Marimon, Naval Res Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond & Adv Mat, US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Univ Houston, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Univ Houston, Div Res, Wah Chang DE AC modulation; conduction-cooled; high-temperature superconductor; superconducting magnet; mine countermeasure AB American Superconductor has designed, manufactured, and tested a model high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet system for airborne mine countermeasures (MCM) for the Office of Naval Research. The magnet has a magnetic moment of 80 kA-m(2), or about one-fourth that of the full-scale magnet. The magnet is a solenoid consisting of 16 layers of laminated Bi-2223 HTS wire. The coil was manufactured at Everson Electric and tested at American Superconductor. The coil has an inside diameter of 455 mm, an outside diameter of 476 mm, and is 914 mm in length. The magnet was successfully ramped to its operating current of 193 A at 30 K. It was also successfully modulated with +/-26 A current at 0.5 Hz. The magnet is conduction-cooled with a single-stage GM cryocooler. The design, manufacture, and test results of the magnet will be presented. C1 Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Everson Elect Co, Bethlehem, PA 18017 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Ige, SO (reprint author), Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 1628 EP 1631 DI 10.1109/TASC.2003.812811 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 702UD UT WOS:000184241900103 ER PT J AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Si, WD Zeng, XH Soukiassian, A Xi, XX AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Si, WD Zeng, XH Soukiassian, A Xi, XX TI Equivalence of the strain and doping dependence of the superconductive T-c LaSrCuO: Influence of the metal-insulator transition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Apple, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Cingular Wireless, Council SuperCond Amer Competit, Hewlett Packard Co, Houston Adv Res Ctr, IEEE CSC Council Supercond, IISSC, Marimon, Naval Res Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond & Adv Mat, US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Univ Houston, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Univ Houston, Div Res, Wah Chang DE cuprate; LSCO; metal-insulator transition; superconductivity ID TEMPERATURE AB It has long been known that oxygen doping, cation doping and strain all strongly influence the superconducting transition temperature, T-c, of high temperature superconductors (HTS). These factors become especially important when thin films are prepared for electronic devices where sample uniformity and reproducibility are crucial. To date, there has been no detailed, understanding of the comparative roles that each parameter plays' in determining T-c and thus predicting what T-c will result from a particular process is problematic. We have shown that the very different strain and doping dependencies in the prototypical HTS material, LSCO, can be reduced to a common dependence upon the conductivity. The shape-of the common phase boundary is related to the metal-insulator transition in accordance with that recently discovered for many other superconducting systems. The implication for this and other high T-c systems is that only one, easily measured parameter, conductivity, need be determined or controlled. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 2799 EP 2802 DI 10.1109/TASC.2003.812019 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 702UH UT WOS:000184242400093 ER PT J AU Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Osofsky, MS Trotter, G Woods, GT Ovchinnikov, YN Kresen, V Tralshawala, N AF Soulen, RJ Claassen, JH Osofsky, MS Trotter, G Woods, GT Ovchinnikov, YN Kresen, V Tralshawala, N TI Characterization of the interface between a normal metal and a superconductor using magnetic screening SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Apple, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Cingular Wireless, Council SuperCond Amer Competit, Hewlett Packard Co, Houston Adv Res Ctr, IEEE CSC Council Supercond, IISSC, Marimon, Naval Res Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond & Adv Mat, US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Univ Houston, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Univ Houston, Div Res, Wah Chang DE interface; magnetic screening; proximity effect; superconductivity AB We have predicted the behavior of magnetic screening of N/I/S trilayers as a function of a single parameter W that parameterizes the discontinuity of the order parameter at the interface. We have compared these calculations with experimental measurements of the temperature (10 K to 1.5 K) dependence of the magnetic screening for several Nb/NbO/Al trilayers and excellent agreement between the predictions and measurements is observed. This agreement provides further understanding of the proximity effect when characterizing the N/S interface in many devices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117333, Russia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 2838 EP 2841 DI 10.1109/TASC.2003.812024 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 702UH UT WOS:000184242400102 ER PT J AU Jones, HN Feng, CR Osofsky, M Carpenter, EE Cooper, KP AF Jones, HN Feng, CR Osofsky, M Carpenter, EE Cooper, KP TI Synthesis of MgB2 by exposure of polycrystalline boron to magnesium vapor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Apple, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Cingular Wireless, Council SuperCond Amer Competit, Hewlett Packard Co, Houston Adv Res Ctr, IEEE CSC Council Supercond, IISSC, Marimon, Naval Res Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond & Adv Mat, US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, Univ Houston, Cullen Coll Engn, Univ Houston, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Univ Houston, Div Res, Wah Chang DE MgB2 synthesis; superconducting materials ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Polycrystalline boron in lump form was reacted with magnesium vapor inside steel tubes at 900 C to produce MgB2 using four to five times the stoichiometric requirement of Mg. The boron lumps were encased inside Ta foil folded over to form a boat to isolate them from the liquid Mg. These materials were sealed inside steel tubes by arc welding. Reactions were allowed to proceed for times ranging from 2.5 to 837 hours. Upon opening a tube after a 42-hour reaction time a gray powder was removed which X-ray diffraction indicated was MgB2. SEM examination of the surfaces of the powder particles revealed a dense layer of 1-2 micron diameter crystallites which appear to be small plates with hexagonal symmetry. Metallographic examination of sections cut through the particles indicated the presence of a significant volume fraction of unreacted boron. The reaction appears to have proceeded initially along the grain boundaries in the polycrystalline lumps breaking them up into particles corresponding to the grain size. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on the powder and resistivity measurements on a cold pressed pellet show a sharp transition at 39 K despite the presence of unreacted boron. Even after reaction times up to 837 hours there was still a significant amount of unreacted boron. C1 Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, HN (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 3056 EP 3059 DI 10.1109/TASC.2003.812089 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 702UH UT WOS:000184242400157 ER PT J AU Rendell, RW Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Foos, EE Snow, AW Park, D Boos, JB AF Rendell, RW Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Foos, EE Snow, AW Park, D Boos, JB TI Electron transport in nanocluster films with random voids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conducting films; current measurement; nanotechnology; tunneling ID ARRAYS AB Nanocluster films are modeled as a network of tunnel junctions in which random voids have been introduced. The effects of network size and void distribution on electron transport are studied using Monte Carlo simulations of the Coulomb blockade mediated transport. The random void distributions of the model networks are systematically varied by randomly deleting junctions along each row and between the different rows. The nonlinearity and voltage threshold of the I-V curves are calculated for different void topologies and network sizes. Both the threshold voltage and nonlinearity are sensitive to lateral fluctuations of the conduction paths due to the random voids. The nonlinearity is found to be maximized for network aspect ratios of unity or larger and for particular network topologies. Both the nonlinearity and voltage threshold scale with network size. The behaviors seen in simulation are found to correspond well to An nanocluster I-V measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rendell, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2003.812591 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 689WB UT WOS:000183515000002 ER PT J AU Hughes, HL Benedetto, JM AF Hughes, HL Benedetto, JM TI Radiation effects and hardening of MOS technology: Devices and circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE aerospace testing; CMOS integrated circuits; hydrogen; magnetic resonance; MOS devices; power MOSFETs; radiation effects; radiation hardening ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSISTORS; CMOS INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; INDUCED INTERFACE TRAPS; INDUCED LEAKAGE CURRENT; SIMOX BURIED OXIDES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; TOTAL-DOSE RADIATION; INDUCED PARAMAGNETIC DEFECTS; THIN-GATE OXIDES AB Total ionizing dose radiation effects on the electrical properties of metal-oxide-semiconductor devices and integrated circuits are complex in nature and have changed much during decades of device evolution. These effects are caused by radiation-induced charge buildup in oxide and interfacial regions. This paper presents an overview of these radiation-induced effects, their dependencies, and the many different approaches to their mitigation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MRC Microelect, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. RP Hughes, HL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 407 TC 124 Z9 139 U1 11 U2 41 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 500 EP 521 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.812928 PN 3 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 697GG UT WOS:000183933600005 ER PT J AU Weatherford, TR Anderson, WT AF Weatherford, TR Anderson, WT TI Historical perspective on radiation effects in III-V devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE compound semiconductor; gallium arsenide; radiation effects ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SINGLE-EVENT UPSET; TRANSIENT RADIATION; GAAS DEVICES; IONIZING-RADIATION; BUFFER-LAYER; CHARGE COLLECTION; GUNN DIODES; CIRCUITS; FETS AB A historical review of radiation effects on III-V semiconductor devices is presented. The discussion ranges from examining early material and device studies to present-day understanding of III-V radiation effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide present researchers with a summary of discoveries and lessons learned from previous failures and successes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weatherford, TR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 91 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 704 EP 710 DI 10.1109/TNS.2003.813124 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 697GG UT WOS:000183933600017 ER PT J AU Scheper, RA Teolis, A AF Scheper, RA Teolis, A TI Cramer-Rao bounds for wavelet transform-based instantaneous frequency estimates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Cramer-Rao bound; frequency estimation; frequency modulation; model-based estimation; wavelet transform ID PERFORMANCE; SIGNALS AB In this paper, we use an asymptotic integral approximation of a wavelet transform as a model for the estimation of instantaneous frequency (IF). Our approach allows the calculation of the Cramer-Rao bound for the IF variance at each time directly, without the need for explicit phase parameterization. This is in contrast to other approaches Where the Cramer-Rao bounds rely on a preliminary decomposition of the IF with respect to a (usually polynomial) basis. Attention is confined to the Morlet wavelet transform of single-component signals corrupted with additive Gaussian noise. Potential computationally and statistically efficient IF extraction algorithms suggested by the analysis are also briefly discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AIMS Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Scheper, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5722, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1593 EP 1603 DI 10.1109/TSP.2003.811231 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 680EQ UT WOS:000182963700014 ER PT J AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK TI Bayesian classification and feature reduction using uniform Dirichlet priors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE class-specific features; discrete features; feature selection; neural networks; noninformative prior; UCI repository ID ROBUST SPEECH RECOGNITION; PREDICTIVE CLASSIFICATION; VECTOR QUANTIZATION; FEATURE-SELECTION; NEURAL NETWORKS; SAMPLE-SIZE; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; DIMENSION; DESIGN AB In this paper, a method of classification referred to as the Bayesian data reduction algorithm (BDRA) is developed. The algorithm is based on the assumption that the discrete symbol probabilities of each class are a prion uniformly Dirichlet distributed, and it employs a "greedy" approach (which is similar to a backward sequential feature search) for reducing irrelevant features from the training data of each class. Notice that reducing irrelevant features is synonymous here with selecting those features that provide best classification performance; the metric for making data-reducing decisions is an analytic for the probability of error conditioned on the training data. To illustrate its performance, the BDRA is applied both to simulated and to real data, and it is also compared to other classification methods. Further, the algorithm is extended to deal with the problem of missing features in the data. Results demonstrate that the BDRA performs well despite its relative simplicity. This is significant because the BDRA differs from many other classifiers; as opposed to adjusting the model to obtain a "best fit" for the data, the data, through its quantization, is itself adjusted. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. EM lynchrs@npt.nuwc.navy.mil OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 60 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 EI 1941-0492 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 3 BP 448 EP 464 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2003.811121 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 681VM UT WOS:000183056300008 PM 18238191 ER PT J AU Senior, K Koppang, P Ray, J AF Senior, K Koppang, P Ray, J TI Developing an IGS time scale SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Currently, the International GPS Service (IGS) provides a set of clock products for both satellites and tracking receivers, tabulated at 5-min intervals. These products allow users to determine consistent coordinates and clock values for an isolated GPS receiver with an internal accuracy at the few-cm level. However, because the underlying time scale for the IGS combined clocks is based on a linear alignment to broadcast GPS Time for each day separately, the day-to-day stability of this reference is poor. We show the results of a new filter package written to automate the production of an integrated IGS frequency scale based on a dynamically weighted ensemble of the included frequency standards. The new scale is loosely steered to GPS Time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Senior, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 585 EP 593 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2003.1209545 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 694GK UT WOS:000183765700003 PM 12839170 ER PT J AU Gleeson, R Grosshans, F Hirsch, M Williams, RM AF Gleeson, R Grosshans, F Hirsch, M Williams, RM TI Algorithms for the recognition of 2D images of m points and n lines in 3D SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE image; recognition; rank; nullspace; image equations ID 6 LINES; INVARIANTS AB Let alpha be an ordered collection consisting of m points and n lines, m + n greater than or equal to 6, in three-dimensional space. Let beta be an ordered collection consisting of m points and n lines, m + n greater than or equal to 6, in two-dimensional space. Using alpha and beta, we construct a matrix M(alpha, beta) and, then, give two algorithms for determining whether beta is an image of a taken with a pinhole camera. These algorithms apply to any configuration, degenerate or not, consisting of points and lines. The first algorithm depends on the calculation of the nullspace of M(alpha, beta) and gives necessary and sufficient conditions for beta to be an image of alpha, if the data can be read exactly. The second algorithm depends only on the rank of M(alpha, beta) and can be used if errors arise in reading the data; this algorithm also gives equations which any image of a must satisfy. In the special case m + n = 6, there is a single equation J(alpha,beta) = 0 which must hold if beta is an image of alpha. We show that J(alpha, beta) is simply the determinant of M(alpha,beta). We conclude with a discussion of some computational aspects of the theory. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Math, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. Coll New Jersey, Dept Phys, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. Aerosp Mass Properties Anal Corp, N Wales, PA 19454 USA. USN, Miss Comp & Proc Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Grosshans, F (reprint author), W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Math, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1016/S0262-8856(03)00029-5 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA 688BA UT WOS:000183411300003 ER PT J AU Handler, RA Leighton, RI Smith, GB Nagaosa, R AF Handler, RA Leighton, RI Smith, GB Nagaosa, R TI Surfactant effects on passive scalar transport in a fully developed turbulent flow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE surfactant; turbulence; direct numerical simulation; infrared imagery ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE-FIELD; INTERFACE; WATER; DYNAMICS; IMPACT; SKIN AB Direct numerical simulations of fully developed turbulence in an open channel were performed. Effects of surfactants on heat transfer and the underlying turbulent structures were investigated. As surface elasticity is increased turbulent fluctuations are damped and the mean surface temperature is decreased. A surface strain model is introduced to explain this behavior in a heuristic manner. A nondimensional parameter representing the ratio of surface elastic forces to local inertial forces is introduced. It is concluded that for values of the parameter of order one, surfactants have strong effects on surface turbulence, whereas an effectively clean surface can be obtained for parameter values less than O(10(-3)). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM handler@nrl.navy.mil NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2219 EP 2238 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00526-4 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 669LT UT WOS:000182353300010 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP AF Cooper, KP TI Solidification issues in welding research and practice SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 6 BP 13 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0133-8 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 689PH UT WOS:000183501800001 ER PT J AU Cooper, KP Lambrakos, SG Jones, HN AF Cooper, KP Lambrakos, SG Jones, HN TI Prototype analysis of gravity-modulated welding by inverting weld cross sections SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Welding studies are usually conducted in the terrestrial environment where gravity plays an uncertain role in governing melt pool dynamics. Microgravity welding research is essential to "switch-off" the gravity component and its influence on the solidification structure or to investigate welding as a fabrication tool in space. This article examines changes in weld-pool characteristics due to changes in gravitational environment. Also examined is the use of the inverse-problem approach to determine the dependence of the temperature histories of welds on process changes due to changes in gravity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooper, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 6 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0135-6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 689PH UT WOS:000183501800003 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO Moore, PG AF Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO Moore, PG TI Weld analysis using an inverse-problem approach based on quasi-one-dimensional interpolation SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; FLOW AB In this article, interpolation properties are examined that are inherent in the physical character of heat-deposition processes such as welding and that are relevant to using an inverse-problem approach for their analysis. This study considers interpolation properties of both parametric and non-parametric representations of the temperature field for heat-deposition processes. In the case of parametric representations of the temperature field. linear combinations of solutions to the heat-conduction equation are adopted as interpolation functions rather than strictly explicit physical-model representations of heat-deposition processes. In the case of non-parametric representations of the temperature field, interpolation procedures that are applicable to discrete representations of the tempera tit re field are adopted. Issues related to parameter optimization and the practical application of methods based on the inverse-problem approach related to interpolation properties are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Met Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 6 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s11837-003-0136-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 689PH UT WOS:000183501800004 ER PT J AU Lewis, JD Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Lewis, JD Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI Free trade agreements and the SADC economies SO JOURNAL OF AFRICAN ECONOMIES LA English DT Article ID MODELS; LIBERALIZATION; AREA AB Countries in southern Africa have engaged in a variety of trade liberalisation initiatives such as the European Union (EU)-South Africa Free Trade Agreement (FTA), the EU's 'Everything but Arms' (EBA) initiative to eliminate trade barriers against imports from the least developed countries and a potential FTA among Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. In this paper we use a multi-country computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyse the impact of trade liberalisation in the region. First, we analyse the FTA between South Africa and the EU. Then, we consider how the rest of southern Africa might respond: (i) by enforcing an SADC FTA; (ii) by exploiting the advantages of unilateral access to the EU in addition to an SADC FTA; and (iii) by entering an FTA with the EU and other SADC countries. The scenarios are ordered such that the SADC countries pursue increased trade liberalisation. We find that under all FTA arrangements the increased total imports from FTA partners exceeds the reduction in imports from non-FTA partners - the FTAs examined are all net trade creating. Some SADC economies are slightly hurt by the FTA between the EU and South Africa, while others gain slightly. Overall, the agreement is not a beggar-thy-neighbour policy. We also find that unilateral access to the EU is more beneficial for SADC countries than an SADC FTA because the SADC countries trade more with the EU than with each other. However, reciprocal reforms under an EU-SADC FTA dominate unilateral access to the EU because they require more structural adjustment in the SADC countries. Finally, we find that South Africa is not large enough to serve as a growth pole for the region. Access to EU markets provides substantially bigger gains for the other SADC countries than access to South Africa. C1 World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lewis, JD (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0963-8024 J9 J AFR ECON JI J. Afr. Econ. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 156 EP 206 DI 10.1093/jae/12.2.156 PG 51 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 707WR UT WOS:000184533300002 ER PT J AU Weir, GE AF Weir, GE TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Weir, GE (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Navy Yard, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 90 IS 1 BP 344 EP 345 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 691CP UT WOS:000183587500165 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Jin, N Rice, AT Berger, PR Yu, RH Fang, ZQ Thompson, PE AF Chung, SY Jin, N Rice, AT Berger, PR Yu, RH Fang, ZQ Thompson, PE TI Growth temperature and dopant species effects on deep levels in Si grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; POINT-DEFECTS; SILICON; VACANCY; TRANSISTORS; DIVACANCY; LAYERS; BORON AB Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements were performed in order to investigate the,effects of substrate growth temperature and dopant species on deep levels in Si layers, during low-temperature molecular beam epitaxial growth. The structures studied were n(+)-p junctions using B doping for the p layer and p(+)-n junctions using P doping for the n layer. While the density of hole traps H1 (0.38-0.41 eV) in the B-doped p layers showed a clear increase with decreasing growth temperature from 600 to 370degreesC, the electron trap density was relatively constant. Interestingly, the minority carrier electron traps E1(0.42-0.45 eV),and E2 (0.257 eV), found in the B-doped p layers, are similar to the majority carrier electron traps E11 (0.48 eV) and E22 (0.269 eV) observed in P-doped n layers grown at 600degreesC. It is hypothesized that these dominating election traps are associated with pure divacancy defects and are independent of the dopant species. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Smith Lab, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berger, PR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014 OI Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 11 BP 9104 EP 9110 DI 10.1063/1.1569029 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 683JE UT WOS:000183144300041 ER PT J AU Elert, ML Zybin, SV White, CT AF Elert, ML Zybin, SV White, CT TI Molecular dynamics study of shock-induced chemistry in small condensed-phase hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COMETARY DELIVERY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; HIGH-PRESSURE; IMPACT-SHOCK; DIAMOND; METHANE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; ACETYLENE AB Molecular dynamics simulations using an empirical bond order potential have been performed to investigate shock-induced chemistry in solid acetylene, ethylene, and methane. Acetylene was found to undergo significant polymerization reactions for flyer plate impact speeds above 10 km/s. These conditions are similar to those which would be experienced upon planetary impact of comets, which are known to contain condensed-phase acetylene. Ethylene exhibits similar reactivity above 15 km/s. Methane undergoes hydrogen abstraction reactions at flyer plate impact speeds of 16-20 km/s and produces hydrocarbon chains at higher impact speeds. The latter results are significant for elucidating the fate of atmospheric methane upon cometary or meteor impact, and for predicting the initial reaction steps in the reactivity of methane ices in the high-pressure, high-temperature interiors of Neptune and Uranus. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Elert, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 21 BP 9795 EP 9801 DI 10.1063/1.1571051 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 678WQ UT WOS:000182890000039 ER PT J AU Dey, S AF Dey, S TI Evaluation of p-FEM approximations for mid-frequency elasto-acoustics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE p-FEM; elasto-acoustics; error analysis; computational-acoustics ID 3D-HELMHOLTZ EQUATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; INFINITE ELEMENTS AB p-refinement strategies for numerical simulation of three-dimensional elasto-acoustic problems in the mid-frequency range are evaluated using high-order finite/infinite element-based approximations. Numerical experiments are used to study the convergence of an appropriate quantity-of-interest (QOI) as a function of polynomial degrees for the elastic-displacement and pressure fields. C1 USN, SFA Inc, Res Lab, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Dey, S (reprint author), USN, SFA Inc, Res Lab, Suite 200,9315 Largo Dr W, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 11 IS 2 BP 195 EP 225 DI 10.1142/S0218396X03001882 PG 31 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 720PY UT WOS:000185270200005 ER PT J AU Murray, MM Howle, LE AF Murray, MM Howle, LE TI Spring stiffness influence on an oscillating propulsor SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID TAIL SWIMMING PROPULSION; FLAPPING FLIGHT; FOILS; WAKE; HYDROMECHANICS; EFFICIENCY; FREQUENCY AB We study the propulsive dynamics of a thin foil pitching about its quarter chord and allowed to passively plunge. Specifically, we focus on the effect of variations in translational spring stiffness on propulsor plunge and on the minimum oscillation frequency required to produce positive thrust. Our numerical simulation utilizes a two-dimensional hydroelasticity model of the propulsor-fluid system in a constant velocity free stream. The pitch is forced at the quarter chord by a drive shaft and the dynamics of the fluid-structure interaction coupled to the strength of a translational spring determines the plunge amplitude. We use an unsteady two-dimensional vortex lattice method to model the hydrodynamics of the propulsor producing thrust in a potential flow field. The phase relationship between the driving angle and the plunge displacement is discussed, along with the effects of changing spring stiffness on thrust and efficiency. We show that passive plunge reduces the critical frequency for positive thrust production. This allows simple one-actuator input to compete with more complicated two-actuator systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Hudson Engn Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Howle, LE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Hudson Engn Ctr, POB 90300,Hudson Hall 225, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 BP 915 EP 926 DI 10.1016/S0889-9746(03)00026-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 705JR UT WOS:000184392400003 ER PT J AU Linford, R Betti, R Dahlburg, J Asay, J Campbell, M Colella, P Freidberg, J Goodman, J Hammer, D Hoagland, J Jardin, S Lindl, J Logan, G Matzen, K Navratil, G Nobile, A Sethian, J Sheffield, J Tillack, M Weisheit, J AF Linford, R Betti, R Dahlburg, J Asay, J Campbell, M Colella, P Freidberg, J Goodman, J Hammer, D Hoagland, J Jardin, S Lindl, J Logan, G Matzen, K Navratil, G Nobile, A Sethian, J Sheffield, J Tillack, M Weisheit, J TI A review of the US Department of Energy's Inertial Fusion Energy program SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion energy; inertial confinement fusion ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; LASER; PLASMA; IGNITION; TARGETS; DRIVEN AB This is the final report of a panel set up by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) in response to a charge letter from Dr. Ray Orbach (Appendix A). In that letter, Dr. Orbach asked FESAC for "an assessment of the present status of" inertial fusion energy (IFE) research carried out in contributing programs. These programs include the heavy ion (HI) beam, the high average power laser (HAPL), and Z-Pinch drivers and associated technologies, including fast ignition (FI). This report, presented to FESAC on March 29, 2004, and subsequently approved by them (Appendix B), presents FESAC's response to that charge. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Linford, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,Bldg 121,Room 1035, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rulon.linford@ucop.edu RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 93 EP 126 DI 10.1023/B:JOFE.0000036408.11067.cd PG 34 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 850WS UT WOS:000223645700002 ER PT J AU Hirsch, BT Mehay, SL AF Hirsch, BT Mehay, SL TI Evaluating the labor market performance of veterans using a matched comparison group design SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS; MILITARY SERVICE; INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES; TRAINING-PROGRAMS; EARNINGS; DRAFT; APPLICANTS; EXPERIENCE; WAGES AB The effect of active-duty service on civilian earnings is estimated using the Reserve Components Surveys, permitting a matched comparison between reservists who are veterans and reservists without active-duty service. Estimated treatment effects control for selection by the military and individuals, due in part to identical active-duty and reserve entrance requirements. The average impact of active-duty service on civilian earnings is 3 percent among the reservist population, reflecting effects of essentially zero for enlisted personnel and 10 percent for officers. Among white enlisted personnel veteran effects are negative but small, while averaging about 5 percent among African-Americans. Wage penalties resulting from Vietnam-era service are larger for white draftees than volunteers, while African-American draftees and volunteers realized gains. C1 Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Hirsch, BT (reprint author), Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 2537 DANIELS ST, MADISON, WI 53718 USA SN 0022-166X J9 J HUM RESOUR JI J. Hum. Resour. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 673 EP 700 DI 10.2307/1558772 PG 28 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA 708KF UT WOS:000184565400007 ER PT J AU Xu, SM Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Xu, SM Khurgin, JB Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Reducing crosstalk and signal distortion in wavelength-division multiplexing by increasing carrier lifetimes in semiconductor optical amplifiers SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrier recombination time; crosstalk; semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA); wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) ID DWDM TRANSMISSION; GAIN MODULATION; QUANTUM-WELLS; CHANNELS; LASER; CASCADE; GB/S; GAP AB A simple theory for the crosstalk in multichannel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) communication systems caused by the cross gain saturation in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is developed. It is shown that increasing the carrier recombination lifetime while reducing the differential gain in the SOA greatly mitigates the crosstalk. An SOA using type-II quantum wells with reduced recombination probability is designed, and its characteristics are numerically modeled for a number of different WDM systems. It is shown that when used as a preamplifier or in local/metro networks with a small number of amplifiers, error-free transmission can be achieved with the type-II SOA. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xu, SM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1474 EP 1485 DI 10.1109/JLT.2003.812721 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 706WK UT WOS:000184477900005 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Ginter, ML Hwang, ES Slanger, TG Copeland, RA Lewis, BR Gibson, ST AF Morrill, JS Ginter, ML Hwang, ES Slanger, TG Copeland, RA Lewis, BR Gibson, ST TI Two-photon REMPI spectra from a(1)Delta(g) and b(1)Sigma(+)(g) to d(1)Pi(g) in O-2 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE d state on O-2; d Rydberg state in O-2; Gerade Rydberg state in O-2; d1IIg state in O-2; excited electronic d state in O-2; d state in oxygen; spectra of d <- a, d <- b in O-2; Rydberg states in oxygen; d <- a, d <- b transitions in O-2; d <- a, d <- b transitions on oxygen ID (1,3)PI(G) RYDBERG STATES; OPTICAL DOUBLE-RESONANCE; OXYGEN-A-BAND; COLLISIONAL REMOVAL; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ABSORPTION; CONSTANTS; OZONE AB Well-calibrated, resonance-enhanced multiphoton-ionization (REMPI) spectra of eight bands of d(1)Pi(g) <-- a(1)Delta(g) and four bands of d(1)Pi(g) <-- b(1)Sigma(g)(+) in O-2 have been recorded and analyzed. These data provide detailed characterizations of the complex rotational structures in the five lowest vibrational levels (v = 0-4) of the d(1)Pi(g) state. The observed complexities in the rovibronic structure of d(1)Pi(g) are the result of strong perturbations between the d(1)Pi(g) Rydberg and the II(1)Pi(g) valence states. Weaker perturbations resulting from interactions between d and the II(1)Delta(g) valence state also are observed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SRI Int, Mol Phys Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Ginter, ML (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Copeland, Richard/E-2201-2011 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 219 IS 2 BP 200 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00074-2 PG 17 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 692NX UT WOS:000183668100004 ER PT J AU Morrill, JS Ginter, ML Lewis, BR Gibson, ST AF Morrill, JS Ginter, ML Lewis, BR Gibson, ST TI [X-2 Pi(g)]nd lambda(1,3) Lambda(g) Rydberg states of O-2 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE excited gerade states O-2; Rydberg states in O-2; nd lambda(1,3)Lambda(g) states of O-2; nd pi(g), nd delta(g) (1,3)Lambda g states of O-2 ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; NS-SIGMA; IDENTIFICATION; 1-SIGMA-G+; SPECTRA; O2 AB Experimental observations of the gerade (g) states of O-2 that exist between the dissociation limit of the B(3)Sigma(u)(-) state and the X(2)Pi(g) ground state of O-2(+) are reexamined. Emphasis is placed on the assignment of electronic structures of the [X(2)Pi(g)]ndlambda(1,3)Lambda(g) Rydberg states for which experimental data can be obtained from the literature: mainly, ndpi(g)- and nddelta(g)-based (1,3)Lambda(g) states with n = 3-5 and the ndpi(g)(1)Sigma(g)(+) and (3)Sigma(g)(-) series with n = 6-11. In many cases, characterizations of these electronic structures are limited by the quality of ex isting experimental data and, in cases where rotational band structures were analyzed, by the unavailability of most of the rotational energy level data upon which reported parameterizations were based. Thus, while a general picture of some segments of the ndpi(g)- and nddelta(g)-based structures can be presented, quantitative descriptions of these structures and unique identification of the causes of many apparent structural irregularities will not be possible until a new well-calibrated, rotationally resolved database is developed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Ginter, ML (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 219 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00075-4 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 692NX UT WOS:000183668100005 ER PT J AU Ditchburn, RJ Burke, SK Posada, M AF Ditchburn, RJ Burke, SK Posada, M TI Eddy-current nondestructive inspection with thin spiral coils: Long cracks in steel SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE eddy current; nondestructive; detection; inspection; flexible spiral coil; cracks; slots; steel; impedance ID CURRENT SENSORS; SURFACE CRACKS; CURRENT PROBE; IMPEDANCE; ARRAY; INDUCTANCE; PROXIMITY AB The impedance of a cylindrical coil and a planar circular spiral coil carrying an alternating current above (i) a defect-free conducting magnetic half-space and (ii) a conducting magnetic half-space containing an infinitely long slot with uniform depth and width is examined in detail. Closed-form expressions for the coil impedance in these cases are presented, based on the theories of Dodd and Deeds and Harfield and Bowler. The validity of these expressions is tested by measurements using steel plates over the frequency range 100 Hz-10 MHz. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experiment, with the best agreement for the smallest slot width. The results confirm that thin, flexible spiral coils offer some attractive features for eddy-current detection of cracks in metals, particularly in terms of sensitivity and potential for unobtrusive permanent attachment to the material being inspected. Approximate expressions for a spiral coil above a defect-free magnetic half-space are also given to allow easy calculation in limiting cases. C1 Def Sci & Technol Org, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Ditchburn, RJ (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, 506 Lorimer St, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1023/A:1026340510696 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 738CM UT WOS:000186269200003 ER PT J AU Belmonte, M Jones, TR Lu, M Arcilla, R Smalls, T Belmonte, A Rosenbloom, J Carucci, DJ Sedegah, M AF Belmonte, M Jones, TR Lu, M Arcilla, R Smalls, T Belmonte, A Rosenbloom, J Carucci, DJ Sedegah, M TI The infectivity of Plasmodium yoelii in different strains of mice SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; PROTECTION; BERGHEI; MALARIA; IMMUNIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROTEIN; GAMMA AB We evaluated the effect of using Medium 199 alone and Medium 199 supplemented with 5% normal mouse serum, 5% fetal calf serum, 5% bovine serum albumin or 5% Albumax((R)) on Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite yield from infected mosquitoes and infectivity in BALB/c mice. The sporozoites yield, as well as their infectivity, was statistically lower (P = 0.0031) when unsupplemented Medium 199 was used to separate sporozoites from infected mosquitoes. Although Medium 199 supplemented with Albumax((R)) led to lower sporozoite yield (P < 0.0009), infectivity of the sporozoites was similar to those obtained with the other medium supplements. Because normal mouse serum supports good sporozoite infections and is also the supplement that can be used repeatedly in mice during multiple sporozoite injections without inducing anaphylaxis, we selected it to evaluate the infectivity of P. yoelii sporozoites in different strains of mice. After injecting mice with serial dilutions of sporozoites and detecting patent infections, we determined that the infective dose 50 (ID50) for BALB/c, C57B1/6, A/ J, and B10BR mice ranged between 4.9 and 10.6 sporozoites. The ID50 obtained for CD-1 mice (147 sporozoites) was significantly higher. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sedegah, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Belmonte, Maria/A-8032-2011 NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 89 IS 3 BP 602 EP 603 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0602:TIOPYI]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 697QT UT WOS:000183955300028 PM 12880263 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB McMinn, MR AF Johnson, WB McMinn, MR TI Thirty years of integrative doctoral training: Historic developments, assessment of outcomes, and recommendations for the future SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND THEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH NEEDS; CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGY; CHRISTIAN PSYCHOLOGISTS; NATIONAL SURVEY; PROGRAMS; STUDENTS; MODEL; FAITH; EXPERIENCES; BOULDER AB Integrative clinical psychology doctoral programs explicitly blend religious faith with professional training. During the past thirty years, there has been a steady increase in the number of integrative programs in the United States, yet the mission-relevant training outcomes of these programs remain largely unknown. In this article, we review published literature relative to integrative doctoral programs and offer an assessment of the training outcomes recently reported by those integrative programs currently accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA). We briefly summarize the distinctive strengths and relative weaknesses of integrative programs and consider-the primary challenges they now face. We conclude with several specific recommendations designed to help integrative doctoral programs thrive in the future. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Wheaton Coll, Dept Psychol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROSEMEAD SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY PI LA MIRADA PA 13800 BIOLA AVENUE, BIOLA UNIVERSITY, LA MIRADA, CA 90639-0001 USA SN 0091-6471 J9 J PSYCHOL THEOL JI J. Psychol. Theol. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 83 EP 96 PG 14 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Religion SC Psychology; Religion GA 697CK UT WOS:000183924500001 ER PT J AU Yang, P Wei, HL Baum, BA Huang, HL Heymsfield, AJ Hu, YX Gao, BC Turner, DD AF Yang, P Wei, HL Baum, BA Huang, HL Heymsfield, AJ Hu, YX Gao, BC Turner, DD TI The spectral signature of mixed-phase clouds composed of non-spherical ice crystals and spherical liquid droplets in the terrestrial window region SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles CY MAR 04-08, 2002 CL UNIV FLORIDA, GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA HO UNIV FLORIDA DE mixed-phase clouds; single-scattering parameters; infrared; high-resolution spectral signature ID RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; MIDLATITUDE; ALGORITHM AB An outstanding problem facing the cloud modeling and remote sensing community is to improve satellite-derived cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties when a single cloud layer exists within a temperature range for which a combination of water and ice particles may be present. This is typically known as a "mixed-phase" cloud condition, and is prevalent when the cloud-top temperature lies between -40degreesC and 0degreesC. In this paper we report on a sensitivity study of the spectral signature of mixed-phase clouds in the infrared terrestrial window region (8-13 mum). Mixed clouds are assumed to be a vertically uniform cloud layer composed of a mixture of pristine hexagonal ice crystals and spherical water droplets. Unlike the conventional approach that derives the bulk scattering properties of mixed-phase clouds by a linear weighting of the contributions of ice and water components, the bulk single-scattering properties of mixed-phase clouds are formulated on the basis of fundamental physics. With the aid of a line-by-line radiative transfer model and a discrete ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) computational program, we investigate the high-resolution spectral signature, expressed in terms of brightness temperature, of mixed-phase clouds with various effective sizes, ice fraction ratios, and optical thicknesses. Small particles are found to have a significant impact on the infrared spectral signature of mixed-phase clouds when the size discrepancy between the ice and water particles is large. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the infrared radiative spectrum associated with cirrus clouds can be quite different from their counterparts for cirrus clouds even if a small amount of water droplets exist in the mixed-phase cloud layer. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, TAMU 3150, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUN-SEP PY 2003 VL 79 SI SI BP 1171 EP 1188 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00348-5 PG 18 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 674QM UT WOS:000182647500048 ER PT J AU Haas, DM Meadows, RS Cottrell, R Stone, WJ AF Haas, DM Meadows, RS Cottrell, R Stone, WJ TI Postpartum obturator neurapraxia - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE obturator nerve; postpartum perio; labor complications; neurapraxia ID MANAGEMENT AB BACKGROUND: Obturator nerve injury is a rare complication of vaginal delivery. CASE: Postpartum obturator neurapraxia was clinically diagnosed in a 22-year-old woman on the first postpartum day after a vaginal delivery. With physical therapy, the neurologic symptoms resolved by the third postpartum month. CONCLUSION: Maternal nerve injuries are uncommon in obstetrics. The diagnosis of obturator neurapraxia is usually made clinically. The symptoms will resolve with conservative physical therapy alone in the majority of cases. C1 USN, Camp Lejeune Naval Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. USN, Camp Lejeune Naval Hosp, Dept Neurol, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. USN, Camp Lejeune Naval Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. RP Haas, DM (reprint author), USN, Camp Lejeune Naval Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 100 Brewster Blvd, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 6 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 693YG UT WOS:000183745500015 PM 12856522 ER PT J AU Papoulias, FA Kapasakis, PE AF Papoulias, FA Kapasakis, PE TI Bifurcation analysis of ship steering in canals SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The problem of ship steering in canals and confined waters is analyzed with emphasis on stability and bifurcation analysis. The classical maneuvering equations of motion augmented with a model for ship-canal interaction are used to model open-loop dynamics. Coupling of a control law and a guidance scheme with appropriate time lags is employed to model the essential dynamics of a helmsman. The complete system is analyzed using both linear and nonlinear techniques in order to assess its stability under finite disturbances. The results indicate that for certain regions of parameters, limit cycle oscillations may develop that could compromise system stability and safety of operations. RP Papoulias, FA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 92 EP 100 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 714GU UT WOS:000184905500002 ER PT J AU Lua, J Hess, PE AF Lua, J Hess, PE TI Hybrid reliability predictions of single and advanced double-hull ship structures SO JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A hybrid approach based on the combination of the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique and the first-order reliability method (FORM) is developed to quantify the small probability of failure of a hull girder under longitudinal bending. The ultimate strength (ULTSTR) bending solver, developed by the U.S. Navy, is integrated with the hybrid probabilistic analysis framework. Different from the conventional approach, where the probability distribution of the hull capacity is preassumed, the probability distribution of the ultimate bending strength is determined by propagation of the uncertainties associated with hull geometric and material property parameters into ULTSTR via a small number of Monte Carlo simulations. The FORM-based solution module is then applied in the reduced random variables space to compute the probability of failure. Both the computational efficiency and numerical accuracy of the hybrid approach are demonstrated through its application to a Navy frigate, designated Ship A. The validated hybrid approach is then applied to a Navy combatant, designated Ship B, in both its single- and double-hull configurations. The reliability results reveal the benefit in using the advanced double-hull configuration, assuming its design load is the same design load encountered by the corresponding single hull during its service life. C1 Anteon Corp, Engn & Informat Technol Grp, Mystic, CT USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lua, J (reprint author), Anteon Corp, Engn & Informat Technol Grp, Mystic, CT USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0022-4502 J9 J SHIP RES JI J. Ship Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 155 EP 176 PG 22 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 714GU UT WOS:000184905500006 ER PT J AU Lutes, LD Sarkani, S Kihl, DP Beach, JE AF Lutes, LD Sarkani, S Kihl, DP Beach, JE TI Optimal S-N testing for variable-amplitude fatigue applications SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE fatigue tests; service loads; damage accumulation AB A new methodology is developed that can identify the optimal testing procedure to be used in generating S-N curves for predicting damage accumulation under variable-amplitude service loads. This is a significant extension of existing knowledge, which includes a solution to this problem only for situations in which the service loads are constant amplitude. The methodology has the potential to improve significantly the predictions of fatigue damage and reliability under realistic service loads. In general, finding the truly optimal solution involves solving a quartic equation, but it is often possible to use a simplified form that involves only a quadratic equation. The new results are identical to the previously developed formulation for the special situation of a constant-amplitude service load. The information needed to use the general procedure is the distribution of stress amplitudes in the service load and the variability of the service life among identical load/specimen combinations. The procedure is illustrated here by its application to the special case of bilevel service loads, for which numerical results are presented. This includes information on both the optimal S-N testing procedure, and the sensitivity of the mean-squared error to changes in the testing procedure. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Struct & Composites Dept, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Survivabil Struct & Mat Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Lutes, LD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 3136 TAMU Coll Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2003 VL 129 IS 6 BP 829 EP 837 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:6(829) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 678ZM UT WOS:000182896600014 ER PT J AU Norton, GV Novarini, JC AF Norton, GV Novarini, JC TI Including dispersion and attenuation directly in the time domain for wave propagation in isotropic media SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 143rd Annual Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP Acoust Soc Amer ID SOUND; EQUATIONS; PHASE AB When sound propagates in a lossy fluid, causality dictates that in most cases the presence of attenuation is accompanied by dispersion. The ability to incorporate attenuation and its causal companion, dispersion, directly in the time domain has received little attention. Szabo [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 491-500 (1994)] showed that attenuation and dispersion in a linear medium can be accounted for in the linear wave equation by the inclusion of a causal convolutional propagation operator that includes both phenomena. Szabo's work was restricted to media with a power-law attenuation. Waters et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am 108, 2114-2119 (2000)] showed that Szabo's approach could be used in a broader class of media, Direct application of Szabo's formalism is still lacking. To evaluate the concept of the causal convolutional propagation operator as introduced by Szabo, the operator is applied to pulse propagation in an isotropic lossy medium directly in the time domain. The generalized linear wave equation containing the operator is solved via a finite-difference-time-domain scheme. Two functional forms for the attenuation often encountered in acoustics are examined. It is shown that the presence of the operator correctly incorporates both, attenuation and dispersion. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Long Beach, MS 39560 USA. RP Norton, GV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 113 IS 6 BP 3024 EP 3031 DI 10.1121/1.1572143 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 688RB UT WOS:000183448700010 PM 12822773 ER PT J AU Smith, KB Abrantes, AAM Larraza, A AF Smith, KB Abrantes, AAM Larraza, A TI Examination of time-reversal acoustics in shallow water and applications to noncoherent underwater communications SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONJUGATION; TELEMETRY; MIRROR AB The shallow water acoustic communication channel is characterized by strong signal degradation caused by multipath propagation and high spatial and temporal variability of the channel conditions. At the receiver, multipath propagation causes intersymbol interference and is considered the most important of the channel distortions. This paper examines the application of time-reversal acoustic (TRA) arrays, i.e., phase-conjugated arrays (PCAs), that generate a spatio-temporal focus of acoustic energy at the receiver location, eliminating distortions introduced by channel propagation. This technique is self-adaptive and automatically compensates for environmental effects and array imperfections without the need to explicitly characterize the environment. An attempt is made to characterize the influences of a PCA design on its focusing properties with particular attention given to applications in noncoherent underwater acoustic communication systems. Due to the PCA spatial diversity focusing properties, PC arrays may have an important role in an acoustic local area network. Each array is able to simultaneously transmit different messages that will focus only at the destination receiver node. C1 USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Smith, KB (reprint author), USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 113 IS 6 BP 3095 EP 3110 DI 10.1121/1.1570831 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 688RB UT WOS:000183448700019 PM 12822782 ER PT J AU Heinemann, M Larraza, A Smith, KB AF Heinemann, M Larraza, A Smith, KB TI Experimental studies of applications of time-reversal acoustics to noncoherent underwater communications SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The most difficult problem in shallow underwater acoustic communications is considered to be the time-varying multipath propagation because it impacts negatively on data rates. At high data rates the intersymbol interference requires adaptive algorithms on the receiver side that lead to computationally intensive and complex signal processing. A novel technique called time-reversal acoustics (TRA) can environmentally adapt the acoustic propagation effects of a complex medium in order to focus energy at a particular target range and depth. Using TRA, the multipath structure is reduced because all the propagation paths add coherently at the intended target location. This property of time-reversal acoustics suggests a potential application in the field of noncoherent acoustic communications. This work presents results of a tank scale experiment using an algorithm for rapid transmission of binary data in a complex underwater environment with the TRA approach. A simple 15-symbol code provides an example of the simplicity and feasibility of the approach. Covert coding due to the inherent scrambling induced by the environment at points other than the intended receiver is also investigated. The experiments described suggest a high potential in data rate for the time-reversal approach in underwater acoustic communications while keeping the computational complexity low. C1 USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Larraza, A (reprint author), USN, Dept Phys, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 113 IS 6 BP 3111 EP 3116 DI 10.1121/1.1570832 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 688RB UT WOS:000183448700020 PM 12822783 ER PT J AU Meyer, RJ Newnham, RE Amin, A Kulwicki, BM AF Meyer, RJ Newnham, RE Amin, A Kulwicki, BM TI Flextensional barium strontium titanate actuators SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the performance of the cymbal flextensional transducer using Dy-doped barium strontium titanate (BST) as the driver material. BST was first characterized for its dielectric and loss behavior as a function of temperature and electrical bias field. With no electrical bias, the transition temperature was measured to be near 20degreesC and have a dielectric constant >20 000. The strain of a BST disk was then measured and compared with other ceramics. At room temperature the strain and average effective piezoelectric d(33) of this non-lead composition was slightly larger than Navy type I lead zirconate titanate (PZT-4) ceramic. The strain/field behavior was also measured as a function of temperature. Cymbal capped BST ceramic was found to have an amplified displacement of 28X, also very similar to type I ceramic. The stiffness of BST was found to be tunable by dc voltage and 2 to 3 times larger than that of PZT. This material has promise for applications in actuators and transducers with large generative force. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, N Attleboro, MA 02763 USA. RP Meyer, RJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 86 IS 6 BP 934 EP 938 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 689NF UT WOS:000183499200010 ER PT J AU Bishop, CH Reynolds, CA Tippett, MK AF Bishop, CH Reynolds, CA Tippett, MK TI Optimization of the fixed global observing network in a simple model SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; PROSPECTUS DEVELOPMENT TEAM; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; BAROCLINIC WAVES; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION; OPTIMAL EXCITATION; SINGULAR VECTORS; OPTIMAL SITES; ERROR AB An exact closed form expression for the infinite time analysis and forecast error covariances of a Kalman filter is used to investigate how the locations of fixed observing platforms such as radiosonde stations affect global distributions of analysis and forecast error variance. The solution pertains to a system with no model error, time-independent nondefective unstable dynamics, time-independent observation operator, and time-independent observation error covariance. As far as the authors are aware, the solutions are new. It is shown that only nondecaying normal modes (eigenvectors of the dynamics operator) are required to represent the infinite time error covariance matrices. Consequently, once a complete set of nondecaying eigenvectors has been obtained, the solution allows for the rapid assessment of the error-reducing potential of any observational network that bounds error variance. Atmospherically relevant time-independent basic states and their corresponding tangent linear propagators are obtained with the help of a (T21L3) quasigeostrophic global model. The closed form solution allows for an examination of the sensitivity of the error variances to many different observing configurations. It is also feasible to determine the optimal location of one additional observation given a fixed observing network, which, through repetition, can be used to build effective observing networks. Effective observing networks result in error variances several times smaller than other types of networks with the same number of column observations, such as equally spaced or land-based networks. The impact of the observing network configuration on global error variance is greater when the observing network is less dense. The impact of observations at different pressure levels is also examined. It is found that upper-level observations are more effective at reducing globally averaged error variance, but midlevel observations are more effective at reducing forecast error variance at and downstream of the baroclinic regions associated with midlatitude jets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY USA. RP Bishop, CH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011; OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364; Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1471 EP 1489 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1471:OOTFGO>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 682DQ UT WOS:000183076400004 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Presti, JC Terris, MK Kane, CJ Aronson, WJ Dorey, F Amling, CL AF Freedland, SJ Presti, JC Terris, MK Kane, CJ Aronson, WJ Dorey, F Amling, CL CA Search Database Study Grp TI Improved clinical staging system combining biopsy laterality and TNM stage for men with T1C and T2 prostate cancer: Results from the search database SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; neoplasm staging; biopsy; recurrence ID PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL; AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE; RECURRENCE; ANTIGEN; DISEASE; ABILITY AB Purpose: A number of studies have failed to show significant differences in outcome following radical prostatectomy between men with palpable, clinically localized prostate cancer (cT2) and those whose tumors are not palpable (cT1c). We determined whether we could improve the prognostic value of the TNM staging system in men with cT1c and cT2 cancers by including information on whether prostate needle biopsy was unilaterally or bilaterally positive. Materials and Methods: A retrospective survey of 992 patients from the SEARCH (Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital) Database treated with radical prostatectomy at 4 equal access medical centers between 1988 and 2002 was done. TNM 1992 clinical stage was T1c in 421 patients, T2a in 287, T2b in 202 and T2c in 82. Multivariate analysis was used to examine whether biopsy laterality and clinical stage were significant predictors of surgical margin status, nonorgan confined disease, seminal vesicle invasion, and time to prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Results: Patients with clinical stages T2b and T2c cancers had similar rates of PSA recurrence, which were significantly higher than in patients with T1c and T2a disease, who also had similar rates of PSA recurrence. Bilateral positive biopsy further stratified patients with T1c and T2a disease (p = 0.01) but not those with T2b and T2c cancers (p = 0.207). Grouping these 1992 clinical stages with biopsy laterality resulted in a new clinical staging system, which was a significant predictor of PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy (p <0.001). On multivariate analysis whether TNM clinical stage was evaluated as a categorical or continuous variable only PSA, biopsy Gleason score and the new clinical staging system (1992 TNM stage groupings combined with biopsy laterality) were significant independent predictors of time to biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Conclusions: Combining low (T1c and T2a) and high (T2b and T2c) risk 1992 clinical stages with biopsy laterality (unilateral versus bilateral positive) resulted in a new clinical staging system that was a stronger predictor of PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy than the 1992 or 1997 TNM clinical staging system. If confirmed at other centers and in men who undergo with other treatment modalities, consideration should be given to revising the current TNM staging system to reflect these findings. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Vet Adm Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Urol, Sch Med, Urol Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Div Urol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 169 IS 6 BP 2129 EP 2135 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000065763.21602.14 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 679NU UT WOS:000182929500033 PM 12771734 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Kane, CJ Amling, CL Dorey, F Presti, JC AF Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Terris, MK Kane, CJ Amling, CL Dorey, F Presti, JC CA Search Database Study Grp TI Percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer is a significant independent predictor of prostate specific antigen recurrence following radical prostatectomy: Results from the search database SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms, prostatectomy; biopsy, needle; prostate-specific antigen, recurrence ID BEAM RADIATION-THERAPY; SEXTANT BIOPSIES; EXTRACAPSULAR EXTENSION; DISEASE RECURRENCE; CLINICAL UTILITY; GLEASON SCORE; RISK; INTERMEDIATE; RELAPSE; RACE AB Purpose: Recent studies have suggested that the percent of positive cores in the prostate needle biopsy is a significant predictor of outcome among men undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for prostate cancer. We evaluate whether either percent of cores with cancer or percent of cores positive from the most and least involved side of the prostate needle biopsy was associated with a worse outcome among men treated with radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective survey of 1,094 patients from the SEARCH Database treated with radical prostatectomy at 4 different equal access medical centers in California between 1988 and 2002 was undertaken. We used multivariate analysis to examine whether total percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer, percent of cores positive from each side of the prostate and other clinical variables were significant predictors of adverse pathology and time to prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Results: On multivariate analysis serum PSA and percent of positive cores were significant predictors of positive surgical margins, nonorgan confined disease and seminal vesicle invasion. Percent of positive cores (p <0.001), serum PSA (p = 0.008) and biopsy Gleason score (p = 0.014) were significant independent predictors of time to biochemical recurrence. On a separate multivariate analysis that included the variables of total percent of positive cores, percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy, percent of positive cores from the least involved side of the biopsy and whether the biopsy was positive unilaterally or bilaterally, only the percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy was a significant independent predictor of PSA failure following radical prostatectomy. Percent of positive cores was used to separate patients into a low risk (less than 34%), intermediate risk (34% to 50%) and high risk (greater than 50%) groups, which provided significant preoperative risk stratification for PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy (p <0.001). Percent of positive cores cut points were able to further risk stratify men who were at low (p = 0.001) or intermediate (p = 0.036) but not high (p = 0.674) risk for biochemical failure based on serum PSA and biopsy Gleason score. Conclusions: Percent of positive cores in the prostate needle biopsy was a significant predictor of adverse pathology and biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy, and the cut points of less than 34%, 34% to 50% and greater than 50% can be used to risk stratify patients preoperatively. The finding that percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy was a stronger predictor of PSA failure than the total percent of cores involved suggests that multiple positive biopsies from a single side might be a better predictor of a larger total cancer volume and thus correlate with clinical outcome. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Hlth Care Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Urol Sect,Sch Med, Vet Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst,Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 20 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 169 IS 6 BP 2136 EP 2141 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000065588.82511.06 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 679NU UT WOS:000182929500034 PM 12771735 ER PT J AU Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Kane, CJ Terris, MK Elashoff, D Amling, CL AF Freedland, SJ Aronson, WJ Presti, JC Kane, CJ Terris, MK Elashoff, D Amling, CL CA Search Database Study Grp TI Should a positive surgical margin following radical prostatectomy be pathological stage T2 or T3? Results from the search database SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; prostate-specific antigen; neoplasm staging ID RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; SEXTANT BIOPSIES; BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE; CANCER; IMPACT; CARCINOMA; SPECIMENS; SITE; PROGRESSION; EXTENSION AB Purpose: The finding of a positive surgical margin associated with extracapsular extension at radical prostatectomy is a poor prognostic factor. However, whether a positive surgical margin with no documented extracapsular extension portends a similarly poor prognosis is unclear. We examined the significance of the pathological features of positive surgical margin and extracapsular extension for predicting biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: We examined data on 1,621 men from the SEARCH Database of patients treated with radical prostatectomy without lymph node metastasis. Patients were separated into 5 groups based on the pathological findings of positive surgical margin, extracapsular extension, and/or seminal vesicle invasion. Preoperative clinical variables were compared across the groups and the groups were compared for time to biochemical recurrence using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: Men with seminal vesicle invasion had the highest prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence rates, while men with a negative surgical margin and no extracapsular extension had the lowest PSA recurrence rates. There were no differences in PSA failure rates between men with a positive surgical margin and no extracapsular extension versus men with a negative surgical margin and extracapsular extension versus men with extracapsular extension and a positive surgical margin. In this subset of patients with a positive surgical margin and/or extracapsular extension but no seminal vesicle invasion only serum PSA was a significant independent predictor of biochemical recurrence. Conclusions: Men with a positive surgical margin but no extracapsular extension had PSA recurrence rates similar to those in men with extracapsular extension with or without positive margins. Men with extracapsular extension had similar biochemical recurrence rates whether the surgical margin was positive or negative. If confirmed at other institutions, consideration should be given to modifying the current TNM staging system to reflect these findings. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Hlth Care Syst, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Div Urol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Freedland, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Terris, Martha/0000-0002-3843-7270 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 169 IS 6 BP 2142 EP 2146 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000061760.23169.be PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 679NU UT WOS:000182929500035 PM 12771736 ER PT J AU Miller, OF Stock, JA Cilento, BG McAleer, IM Kaplan, GW AF Miller, OF Stock, JA Cilento, BG McAleer, IM Kaplan, GW TI Prospective evaluation of human chorionic gonadotropin in the differentiation of undescended testes from retractile testes SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryptorchidism; chorionic gonadotropin; child; preschool ID NONPALPABLE TESTIS; TESTICULAR DESCENT; HORMONAL-THERAPY; CRYPTORCHIDISM; BOYS; DIAGNOSIS; HCG AB Purpose: We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the treatment of undescended testis and sought to determine whether HCG assists in the differentiation of undeseended testis from retractile testis. Materials and Methods: Patients with undescended testes were offered HCG. Testis position, laterality and the presence or absence of a hypoplastic scrotum were noted. The same physician (G. W. K.) recorded physical findings prospectively and stated clinical impression of descent. Results: A total of 67 patients with 90 undescended or retractile testes were treated and evaluated with HCG. Of the 64 undescended testes 13 (20%) descended with HCG therapy, with none requiring subsequent surgery. Of the 26 retractile testes 15 (58%) descended with HCG (p <0.001). Based on physical examination, 100% of retractile testes descended if the testis was in the high scrotal position but only 40% descended if the testis was in the superficial pouch or inguinal area. In the undescended testes group no ectopic or nonpalpable testis descended with HCG. Evaluation of HCG with age demonstrated minimal response (15%) to HCG at less than 24 months, and a peak response between ages 2 and 6 years (75%) with response decreasing thereafter. Conclusions: HCG may have a limited role in the evaluation of undescended testis in patients younger than 2 years. HCG can serve as an adjunct in the clinical diagnosis of retractile testis in older children. C1 USN, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Clin Investigat Dept KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Childrens Hosp New Jersey, Newark, NJ USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Miller, OF (reprint author), USN, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Clin Investigat Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 169 IS 6 BP 2328 EP 2331 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000065823.80051.bb PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 679NU UT WOS:000182929500104 PM 12771792 ER PT J AU Valkirs, AO Seligman, PF Haslbeck, E Caso, JS AF Valkirs, AO Seligman, PF Haslbeck, E Caso, JS TI Measurement of copper release rates from antifouling paint under laboratory and in situ conditions: implications for loading estimation to marine water bodies SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE antifouling coating; release rate; copper; biocide; fouling; biofilm AB The release of biocides, such as copper (Cu), from antifouling (AF) coatings on vessel hulls represents a significant proportion of overall Cu loading in those harbors and estuaries where substantial numbers of small craft or large vessels are berthed. Copper release rates were measured on several self-polishing, tin-free coatings and an ablative Cu reference coating applied to steel panels using three measurement methods. The panels were exposed in natural seawater in San Diego Bay, and release rates were measured both in the laboratory and field over 2 years. Results with the static (20 cm x 30 cm) panels indicated that Cu release rates were initially high (25-65 mug Cu cm(-2) day(-1)), with a large range of values between paint types. Release rates declined to substantially lower rates (8-22 mug cm(-2) day(-1)) with reduced variability within 2 months. Release rates continued to decrease over time for approximately 6 months when relatively constant release rates were observed for most coatings. Over time, relative differences in Cu release rates measured by three exposure methods decreased, with all coatings exhibiting similar behavior toward the end of the study. Lowest overall Cu release rates were observed with the self-polishing experimental paint no. 7 in static-dynamic and in situ treatments. The highest periodic release rates were measured from panels that experienced periods of both static and dynamic exposure (8.7 m s(-1) rotation). The lowest release rates were measured from panels that experienced static, constant depth exposure, and where release rates were evaluated in situ, using a novel diver-deployed measurement system. Results from this in situ technique suggests that it more closely reflects actual Cu release rates on vessel hulls measured with intact natural biofilms under ambient conditions than measurements using standardized laboratory release rate methods. In situ measurements made directly on the AF surface of vessels demonstrated typically lower release rates than from the panel studies, averaging 8.2 mug cm(-2) day(-1) on pleasure craft, and 3.8 mug cm(-2) day(-1) on Navy vessels. The data suggest that the presence of an established biofilm likely serves to moderate the release of Cu from field-exposed antifouling coatings both on panels and hull surfaces. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Comp Sci Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Div Environm Sci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Comp Sci Corp, 4045 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 23 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 6 BP 763 EP 779 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00044-4 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 694AA UT WOS:000183749500021 PM 12787585 ER PT J AU Korgen, BJ AF Korgen, BJ TI Visualizing the meanings of mathematical expressions used in fluid mechanics, oceanography, and ocean engineering SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper calls attention to a tool and an approach that can facilitate understanding the mathematical expressions commonly used to describe fluid flows. The tool recommended is the ducted rotor current meter. This device can visually represent changes inflow speed through the use of moving parts that can be observed, photographed, or videotaped. Being ducted, this device also facilitates visualizing flows that have been divided into components moving along whatever coordinate axes have been chosen. For visualizing the meanings of the mathematical expressions used in fluid mechanics, oceanography, and ocean engineering, ducted rotors must be used in arrays, most often in pairs or groups of four. The approach recommended is less important for visualizing the meanings of the simplest mathematical expressions such as the partial derivatives that describe gradients of velocity shear. The same approach becomes more important for visualizing the meanings of the more complicated mathematical expressions such as those that describe rotational flow fields or nonlinear accelerations. C1 Univ N Carolina, Hope Valley, RI 02832 USA. Tulane Univ, Hope Valley, RI USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 719HE UT WOS:000185196900003 ER PT J AU Bova, F St John, T Meeks, S Wagner, T AF Bova, F St John, T Meeks, S Wagner, T TI Intensity modulation optimization using sphere packing: A rapid solution for IMRS SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY AUG 10-14, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, Dosimetry Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1488 EP 1488 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 692JT UT WOS:000183658500749 ER PT J AU Anderson, WT Menozzi, R AF Anderson, WT Menozzi, R TI Special section: 2002 GaAs reliability workshop SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Anderson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 6 BP 821 EP 821 DI 10.1016/S0026-2714(03)00065-9 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 686VW UT WOS:000183342500001 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Lederman, ER Hale, BR Lim, ML Wallace, MR AF Crum, NF Lederman, ER Hale, BR Lim, ML Wallace, MR TI A cluster of disseminated coccidioidomycosis cases at a US military hospital SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB We recently evaluated a cluster of cases of disseminated coccidioidomycosis referred to the Naval Medical Center San Diego. Between March and June of 2002, seven cases were diagnosed and treated. In a 5-year record review (March 1997-February 2002), we found only seven cases of disseminated disease attributable to Coccidioides immitis at the same institution. This report of seven cases over a 3-month period represents a 20-fold increase in the number of complicated C. immitis infections. All cases were non-Caucasians, had disseminated disease to bone and/or skin without meningeal involvement, and had a delay of 1.5 to 6 months from symptom onset until the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Four of our cases occurred in previously healthy, young active duty members, emphasizing the importance of this mycosis in U.S. military personnel. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 6 BP 460 EP 464 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AK UT WOS:000186550100008 PM 12834136 ER PT J AU McWilliams, MB AF McWilliams, MB TI The human face of the age: The physical cruelty of slavery and the modern American novel SO MISSISSIPPI QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McWilliams, MB (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MISSISSIPPI QUARTERLY PI MISSISSIPPI STATE PA PO BOX 5272, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA SN 0026-637X J9 MISS QUART JI Mississippi Q. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 56 IS 3 BP 353 EP 371 PG 19 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA 778CX UT WOS:000189222500001 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Samuelson, J Clark, CG Eichinger, D Paul, J Van Dellen, K Hall, N Anderson, I Loftus, B AF Wang, Z Samuelson, J Clark, CG Eichinger, D Paul, J Van Dellen, K Hall, N Anderson, I Loftus, B TI Gene discovery in the Entamoeba invadens genome SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Entamoeba invadens; genomic; sequencing; surface protein; intron; multicopy genes ID CYSTEINE PROTEINASES; HISTOLYTICA; EXPRESSION; LECTIN; ENCYSTATION; SEQUENCE; AMEBIASIS; GALACTOSE; SUBUNIT; RNA AB Entamoeba invadens. a parasite of reptiles, is a model for the study of encystation by the human enteric pathogen Entamoeba histolytica, because E. invadens form cysts in axenic culture. With approximately 0.5-fold sequence coverage of the genome, we were able to get insights into E. invadens gene and genome features. Overall, the E. invadens genome displays many of the features that are emerging from ongoing genome sequencing efforts in E. histolytica. At the nucleotide level the E. invadens genome has on average 60% sequence identity with that of E. histolytica. The presence of introns in E. invadens was predicted with similar consensus (GTTTGT... A/TAG) sequences to those identified in E. histolyica and Entamoeba dispar. Sequences highly repeated in the genome of E. histolytica (rRNAs, tRNAs, CXXC-rich proteins, and Leu-rich repeat proteins) were found to be highly repeated in the E. invadens genome. Numerous proteins homologous to those implicated in amoebic virulence, (Gal/GalNAc lectins, amoebapores, and cysteine proteinases) and drug resistance (p-glycoproteins) were identified. Homologs of proteins involved in cell cycle, vesicular trafficking and signal transduction were identified, which may be involved in en/excystation and cell growth of E. invadens. Finally, multiple copies of a number of E. invadens genes coding for predicted enzymes involved in core metabolism and the targets of anti-amoebic drugs were identified. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. RP Loftus, B (reprint author), Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Clark, C Graham/H-3683-2011; OI Clark, C Graham/0000-0002-0521-0977; Hall, Neil/0000-0003-2808-0009; Samuelson, John/0000-0001-9533-3040; loftus, brendan/0000-0001-8871-8356 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46516] NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00073-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 694VR UT WOS:000183796300003 PM 12798503 ER PT J AU Balisle, PM AF Balisle, PM TI The rotational Navy in the twenty-first century SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Balisle, PM (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 115 IS 3 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 719AN UT WOS:000185181200002 ER PT J AU Lucas, TW AF Lucas, TW TI Damage functions and estimates of fratricide and collateral damage SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE safe-distance; damage function; fratricide; collateral damage; firing theory; offset-aiming AB There are multiple damage functions in the literature to estimate the probability that a single weapon detonation destroys a point target. This paper addresses differences in the tails of four of the more popular damage functions. These four cover the asymptotic tail behaviors of all monotonically decreasing damage functions with well-behaved hazard functions. The differences in estimates of probability of kill are quite dramatic for large aim-point offsets. This is particularly important when balancing the number of threats that can be engaged with the chances of fratricide and collateral damage. In general, analysts substituting one damage function for another may badly estimate kill probabilities in offset-aiming, which could result in poor doctrine. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lucas, TW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 4 BP 306 EP 321 DI 10.1002/nav.10057 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 669LX UT WOS:000182353700002 ER PT J AU Szu, H Noel, S Yim, SB Willey, J Landa, J AF Szu, H Noel, S Yim, SB Willey, J Landa, J TI Multimedia authenticity protection with ICA watermarking and digital bacteria vaccination SO NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INNS/IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network (IJCNN 03) CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PORTLAND, OREGON SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE, Neural Network Soc DE multimedia watermark; copyright protection; Internet commerce; independent component analysis; unsupervised neural networks AB We propose the application of independent component analysis (ICA), via unsupervised neural networks, to authenticity protection for multimedia products. We give an overview of the current state of multimedia authenticity protection, including the requirements of various multimedia applications, current approaches to the problem, and the robustness of the approaches. For watermark security, a covert independent-component watermarking signal can serve as a 'vaccination' against a dormant digital 'bacteria' protecting the multimedia data. An unauthorized removal of the watermark triggers the bacteria payload, which then degrades the quality of the unauthorized data. We argue that such digital bacteria meet all the established requirements for beneficial virus-like programs, and their payload would merely affect pirated media. We show how these new approaches contribute to a flexible, robust, and secure system for protecting the authenticity of multimedia products. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Washington Univ, Digital Media RF Lab, ECE Dept, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Code 5344, Washington, DC 20375 USA. BriarTek Inc, Alexandria, VA 22301 USA. RP Szu, H (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-6080 J9 NEURAL NETWORKS JI Neural Netw. PD JUN-JUL PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 907 EP 914 DI 10.1016/S0893-6080(03)00132-1 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 698RE UT WOS:000184011900049 PM 12850050 ER PT J AU Wulf, EA Ampe, J Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF AF Wulf, EA Ampe, J Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Kurfess, JD Phlips, BF TI Timing methods for depth determination in germanium strip detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN DE germanium detector; depth; strip detector; timing ID RESOLUTION AB The ability to measure the interaction depth of a gamma ray in a planar germanium strip detector has been demonstrated using various Constant Fraction Discriminators (CFD) and leading edge discriminators. Thick detectors can then be used in Compton telescopes or other detectors that require three-dimensional position resolution. Large systems based on these detectors require many thousands of channels of electronics which necessitates a move to CMOS ASIC readout. Traditional CFDs do not lend themselves to CMOS due to their need for delay lines. Different timing methods better suited for CMOS include leading edge discriminators and falling edge discriminators. The simplest methods seem to work well in the-laboratory and indicate that CMOS electronics can be built to read out a thick strip detector with depth resolution. This technique is suitable for a variety of semiconductor detectors. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. RP Wulf, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7650,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 505 IS 1-2 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01046-5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 693JJ UT WOS:000183713700043 ER PT J AU Kurfess, JD Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Phlips, BF Wulf, EA AF Kurfess, JD Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA Phlips, BF Wulf, EA TI Development and applications of position-sensitive solid-state gamma ray detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN DE gamma-ray imaging; gamma-ray spectroscopy; position-sensitive detectors; gamma ray astrophysics; nuclear medicine; compton imaging ID STRIP DETECTOR; CAMERA AB The development of high-resolution position-sensitive, solid-state detectors will enable gamma ray detectors with improved sensitivity and imaging capabilities. The gamma ray astrophysics group at NRL has been developing germanium strip detectors for several years. We have shown that three-dimensional locations for gamma ray interactions can,be determined with sub-millimeter accuracy, and have also demonstrated imaging capability within a single germanium strip detector. We have also initiated work on thick, silicon strip detectors. This was based on the fact that three sequential interactions can enable the energy and direction cone of the incident gamma ray to be determined, even without total energy, deposition of the incident gamma ray. We are also working on low-power ASICs that are required to handle the large number of channels associated with arrays of strip detectors. Progress on this work will be presented, along with applications to high-energy astrophysics, medical imaging, nuclear physics, detection of fissile materials, and monitoring of environmental radioactivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kurfess, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 505 IS 1-2 BP 256 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01064-7 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 693JJ UT WOS:000183713700061 ER PT J AU Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Stell, M Mahon, R Goetz, PG Oh, E Vasquez, JA Cochrell, K Lucke, RL Mozersky, S AF Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Stell, M Mahon, R Goetz, PG Oh, E Vasquez, JA Cochrell, K Lucke, RL Mozersky, S TI Progress in development of multiple-quantum-well retromodulators for free-space data links SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiple-quantum-well retromodulators; modulating retroreflectors; retromodulators; cat's eye retromodulator; free-space optical communications ID RETROREFLECTOR AB We present an update on the progress of the development of the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL's) multiple-quantum-well retro-modulators for compact, low-power communications. We report results for data-in-flight on a small, unmanned aerial vehicle at up to 5 Mbps, in preparation for real-time video transfer using an array of devices. This data was taken at Chesapeake Bay Detachment. We also report transference of color video using wavelet compression at 15 and 30 frames/s, at 4 to 6 Mbps in the lab, at eye-safe intensity levels. The unit is a corner cube modulator using a 980-nm shutter. A five-element array was used for the data-in-flight. First results of our 1550-nm devices are also presented as progress in a "cat's eye retromodulator." (C) 2003 society or Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Jaycor Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ITT Ind, Syst Div, Alexandria, VA 22301 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1611 EP 1617 DI 10.1117/1.1572155 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 687JQ UT WOS:000183373500012 ER PT J AU Jenkins, NW Bowman, SR O'Connor, S Searles, SK Ganem, J AF Jenkins, NW Bowman, SR O'Connor, S Searles, SK Ganem, J TI Spectroscopic characterization of er-doped KPb2Cl5 laser crystals SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE erbium; potassium lead chloride; spectroscopic data; stark level energy AB A discussion of the spectroscopic properties of the low-phonon energy laser host material potassium lead chloride, KPb2Cl5, doped with trivalent erbium is presented. In this paper we present room temperature spectroscopic measurements and subsequent analysis based on the Judd-Ofelt model. Additionally, Stark level energies of the Er3+ ions in the crystal were deter-mined from spectroscopic measurements performed at cryogenic temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Loyola Coll, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 5654, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 4 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0925-3467(02)00290-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 686DM UT WOS:000183305900004 ER PT J AU Rendell, RW Rajagopal, AK AF Rendell, RW Rajagopal, AK TI Revivals and entanglement from initially entangled mixed states of a damped Jaynes-Cummings model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CAVITY QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; OPTICAL MASTER-EQUATIONS; RADIATION-FIELD; NUMBER STATES; SINGLE-MODE; ATOM MASER; DYNAMICS; APPROXIMATION; DISSIPATION; PRINCIPLE AB An exact density matrix of a phase-damped Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM) with entangled Bell-like initial states formed from a model two-state atom and sets of adjacent photon number states of a single-mode radiation field is presented. The entanglement of the initial states and the subsequent time evolution is assured by finding a positive lower bound on the concurrence of local 2x2 projections of the full 2xinfinity JCM density matrix. It is found that the time evolution of the lower bound of the concurrence systematically captures the corresponding collapse and revival features in atomic inversion, relative entropies of atomic and radiation, mutual entropy, and quantum deficit. The atom and radiation subsystems exhibit alternating sets of collapses and revivals in a complementary fashion due to the initially mixed states of the atom and radiation employed here. This is in contrast with the result obtained when the initial state of the dissipationless system is a factored pure state of the atom and radiation, where the atomic and radiation entropies are necessarily the same. The magnitudes of the entanglement lower bound and the atomic and radiation revivals become larger as both the magnitude and phase of the Bell-like initial state contribution increase. The time evolution of the entropy difference of the total system and that of the radiation subsystem exhibit negative regions called "supercorrelated" states which do not appear in the atomic subsystem. Entangled initial states are found to enhance this supercorrelated feature. Finally, the effect of phase damping is to randomize both the subsystems for asymptotically long times. It may be feasible to experimentally investigate the results presented here using the Rabi oscillation methods of microwave and optical cavity quantum electrodynamics since pure photon number states have recently been produced and observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rendell, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 6 AR 062110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.062110 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 696YM UT WOS:000183915200025 ER PT J AU Au, Y Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K AF Au, Y Sooryakumar, R Bussmann, K TI Spin waves in ferromagnetic double layers: Modifications by in-plane spacer-layer currents SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEVICES AB We report on the modifications of spin waves in a ferromagnetic double layer structure that are driven by in-plane dc electric currents within the spacer layer. These changes, which are monitored by Brillouin light scattering, are accounted for by the spatial variations of magnetic field and magnetization within the magnetic structure resulting from the Amperian field generated by current densities as high as 4x10(7) A/cm(2). Calculations of the spin-wave frequencies and spatial distribution of their amplitudes describe the transformations to the Brillouin spectra with injection current. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Au, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 21 AR 214409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.214409 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 698QW UT WOS:000184011100038 ER PT J AU Larson, P Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Larson, P Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Calculation of magnetic anisotropy energy in SmCo5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL INTERMETALLICS; CRYSTAL-FIELD PARAMETERS; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; ORBITAL MAGNETISM; YCO5; COBALT; GDCO5; SM AB SmCo5 is an important hard magnetic material, due to its large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE). We have studied the magnetic properties of SmCo5 using density functional theory (DFT) calculations where the Sm f bands, which are difficult to include in DFT calculations, have been treated beyond the local density approximation (LDA), within the LDA +U formalism. The large MAE comes mostly from the Sm f-shell anisotropy, stemming from an interplay between the crystal field and the spin-orbit coupling. We found that both are of similar strengths, unlike some other Sm compounds, leading to a partial quenching of the orbital moment (f states cannot be described as either pure lattice harmonics or pure complex harmonics), an optimal situation for enhanced MAE. A smaller portion of the MAE can be associated with the Co-d band anisotropy, related to the peak in the density of states at the Fermi energy. Our result for the MAE of SmCo5, 21.6 meV/f.u., agrees reasonably with the experimental value of 13-16 meV/f.u., and the calculated magnetic moment (including the orbital component) of 9.9mu(B) agrees with the experimental value of 8.9mu(B). C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Larson, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 21 AR 214405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.214405 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 698QW UT WOS:000184011100034 ER PT J AU Schiller, F Halilov, SV Laubschat, C AF Schiller, F Halilov, SV Laubschat, C TI Two-dimensional magnetically split Fermi surface of c(2x2)MnCu/Cu(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION; CU(100); STATES; COPPER; PHASE; ALLOY; MN; MN/CU(001); CU(001); GROWTH AB In the c(2x2)MnCu/Cu(001) surface compound two occupied bands of different spin character are observed close to the (M) over bar (c(2x2)) point of the surface Brillouin zone by comparison of photoemission experiment and theory. Their Fermi edge crossing result in two separate Fermi surface sheets: A holelike Fermi surface appears in a band gap close to the L-p(1x1) point of Cu(001) and is interpreted as the majority spin component of an exchange split Shockley state. The other one is starlike shaped and is built from the minority spin state located at the manganese surface sites as concluded from layer-Korringa Kohn Rostoker calculations. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Oberflachenphys & Mikrostrukt Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, DMSE, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Schiller, F (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Oberflachenphys & Mikrostrukt Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RI Schiller, Frederik/F-5990-2012 OI Schiller, Frederik/0000-0003-1727-3542 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 21 AR 214431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.214431 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 698QW UT WOS:000184011100060 ER PT J AU Strasburg, S Hinshelwood, DD Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Commisso, R Stephanakis, S AF Strasburg, S Hinshelwood, DD Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Commisso, R Stephanakis, S TI Grad-B drift transport and focusing of high-current electron beams SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INTENSE PROTON-BEAM; ION-BEAMS; GAS CELL; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; WIRE; CHANNEL; CHAMBER; 19-MEV AB This paper studies, experimentally and theoretically, the grad-B drift transport and focusing of an intense electron beam. The Naval Research Laboratory's Gamble It generator [J. D. Shipman, Jr., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-18, 243 (1971)] was used to drive a 900 W, 850 kA beam. This beam drifted in the radial magnetic field gradient produced by an on-axis guide wire carrying a current of 40 kA. An additional axial magnetic field gradient generated by focusing spokes was used to radially compress the beam. Experimental diagnostics included radially resolved calorimetry and radiachromic film to study wall losses. Extensive simulations were performed to better understand the experiments. Energy transport efficiencies were slightly below 70%, and the focusing spokes were observed to compress the beam radius by approximately 10%. (C) 2003 American Institute Of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Kharkov AM Gorkii State Univ, UA-310077 Kharkov, Ukraine. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Strasburg, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2527 EP 2539 DI 10.1063/1.1576220 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 686HX UT WOS:000183316500038 ER PT J AU Hafizi, B Gordon, DF Zigler, A Ting, A AF Hafizi, B Gordon, DF Zigler, A Ting, A TI Electron trajectories in the magnetic field of capillary discharge: Application to laser wakefield accelerators in plasma channel SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FILLED CAPILLARY; WAVE-GUIDE; PULSES; TUBES; BEAMS AB Capillary discharge plasma channels have demonstrated guiding of laser beams and may be employed to extend the length of laser-driven accelerators. However, the magnetic field associated with the discharge current may affect the injection of electrons into the capillary. A model for magnetic field generation is presented and analyzed. For a wide range of parameters of interest the magnetic field outside the channel is well described by a diffusion equation. Analytical solutions of the diffusion equation are obtained and compared with numerical solutions. Trajectories, for test electrons starting from outside the capillary, are described and discussed. For typical parameters the deflection of electrons by the magnetic field is small compared with the acceptance of the wakefield. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), Icarus Res Inc, POB 30780, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2545 EP 2551 DI 10.1063/1.1571824 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 686HX UT WOS:000183316500040 ER PT J AU Russell, JA AF Russell, JA TI The final frontier: America, science, and terror SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Russell, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 321 EP 323 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 713VU UT WOS:000184879300012 ER PT J AU Gibbs, NF Keel, DA AF Gibbs, NF Keel, DA TI Burns from out of the blue SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIGHTNING INJURIES C1 USN, Ctr Med, Clin Invest Dept KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Gibbs, NF (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Clin Invest Dept KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM nfgibbs@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 113 IS 6 BP 67 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 835UB UT WOS:000222509900008 PM 12838805 ER PT J AU Witzmann, FA Bobb, A Briggs, GB Coppage, HN Hess, RA Li, JY Pedrick, NM Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Still, KR AF Witzmann, FA Bobb, A Briggs, GB Coppage, HN Hess, RA Li, JY Pedrick, NM Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Still, KR TI Analysis of rat testicular protein expression following 91-day exposure to JP-8 jet fuel vapor SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Siena Meeting on From Genome to Proteome CY SEP 02-05, 2002 CL SIENA, ITALY DE jet fuel; rat; testis; toxicity; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL MONOMETHYL; LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DERMAL APPLICATION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; SEMEN QUALITY; UP-REGULATION; N-HEXANE; TESTIS; SPERMATOGENESIS; TOXICITY AB We analyzed protein expression in preparations from whole testis in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed for 6 h/d for 91 consecutive days to jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8) in the vapor phase (0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/m(3) +/- 10%), simulating a range of possible human occupational exposures. Whole body inhalation exposures were carefully controlled to eliminate aerosol phase, and subjects were sacrificed within 48 h postexposure. Organ fractions were solubilized and separated via large-scale, high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis, and gel patterns scanned, digitized and processed for statistical analysis. Seventy-six different testis proteins were significantly increased or decreased in abundance in vapor-exposed groups, compared to controls, and dose-response profiles were often nonlinear A number of the proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and related to histopathological or physiological deficits shown in previously published studies to occur with repeated exposure to hydrocarbon fuels or solvents. These results demonstrate a significant effect of JP-8 exposure on protein expression, particularly in protein expression in the rodent testis, and suggest that a 91 d exposure to jet fuel vapor induces changes of equal or greater magnitude to those reported previously for shorter duration JP-8 aerosol exposures. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Biotechnol Res & Training Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Geocenters Inc, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Witzmann, FA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Biotechnol Res & Training Ctr, Room 308,1345 W 16th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. OI Bobb, Andrew/0000-0002-2369-8566 NR 63 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1027 DI 10.1002/pmic.200300385 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 697CL UT WOS:000183924600025 PM 12833526 ER PT J AU Haas, AR Ziegler, S Gruzinskas, PP AF Haas, AR Ziegler, S Gruzinskas, PP TI Analyzing acoustic imagery in 3D: A case study SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Northrop Grumman IT, Herndon, VA USA. Mississippi State Univ, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haas, AR (reprint author), Northrop Grumman IT, Herndon, VA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 6 BP 10 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 693XY UT WOS:000183744700002 ER PT J AU Chadwick, DB Gordon, A Groves, J Smith, C Paulsen, R Harre, B AF Chadwick, DB Gordon, A Groves, J Smith, C Paulsen, R Harre, B TI New tools for monitoring coastal contaminant migration SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Div Environm Sci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Comp Sci Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Cornell Univ, Cooperat Extens Marine Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Suffolk Cty Hlth Serv, Riverhead, NY USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Chadwick, DB (reprint author), USN, SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Div Environm Sci, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 6 BP 17 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 693XY UT WOS:000183744700003 ER PT J AU Schmidt, J Malzone, C Mayer, L Calder, B AF Schmidt, J Malzone, C Mayer, L Calder, B TI Application of multibeam: Surveying the D-day landings SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Hist Ctr, Underwater Archeol Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RESON Inc, Goleta, CA USA. Univ New Hampshire, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Schmidt, J (reprint author), USN, Hist Ctr, Underwater Archeol Branch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 6 BP 25 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 693XY UT WOS:000183744700004 ER PT J AU Habgood, EL Kenyon, NH Masson, DG Akhmetzhanov, A Weaver, PPE Gardner, J Mulder, T AF Habgood, EL Kenyon, NH Masson, DG Akhmetzhanov, A Weaver, PPE Gardner, J Mulder, T TI Deep-water sediment wave fields, bottom current sand channels and gravity flow channel-lobe systems: Gulf of Cadiz, NE Atlantic SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottom currents; contourites; Mediterranean Outflow; sand lobes; sediment waves; sidescan sonar ID SOUTHERN BRAZIL BASIN; MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW; OF-CADIZ; CONTOURITE FAN; VEMA CHANNEL; MONTEREY FAN; SEA FAN; DRIFT; UNDERCURRENT; EVOLUTION AB A study of the seafloor of the Gulf of Cadiz west of the Strait of Gibraltar, using an integrated geophysical and sedimentological data set, gives new insights into sediment deposition from downslope thermohaline bottom currents. In this area, the Mediterranean Outflow (MO) begins to mix with North Atlantic waters and separates into alongslope geostrophic and downslope ageostrophic components. Changes in bedform morphology across the study area indicate a decrease in the peak velocity of the MO from >1 m s(-1) to <0.5 m s(-1). The associated sediment waves form a continuum from sand waves to muddy sand waves to mud waves. A series of downslope-oriented channels, formed by the MO, are found where the MO starts to descend the continental slope at a water depth of &AP;700 m. These channels are up to 40 km long, have gradients of <0.5degrees, a fairly constant width of approximate to2 km and a depth of approximate to75 m. Sand waves move down the channels that have mud wave-covered levees similar to those seen in turbidite channel-levee systems, although the channel size and levee thickness do not decrease downslope as in typical turbidite channel systems. The channels terminate abruptly where the MO lifts off the seafloor. Gravity flow channels with lobes on the basin floor exist downslope from several of the bottom current channels. Each gravity flow system has a narrow, slightly sinuous channel, up to 20 m deep, feeding a depositional lobe up to 7 km long. Cores from the lobes recovered up to 8.5 m of massive, well-sorted, fine sand, with occasional mud clasts. This work provides an insight into the complex facies patterns associated with strong bottom currents and highlights key differences between bottom current and gravity flow channel-levee systems. The distribution of sand within these systems is of particular interest, with applications in understanding the architecture of hydrocarbon reservoirs formed in continental slope settings. C1 Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Challenger Div Seafloor Proc, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, Dept Geol & Oceanog, UMR EPOC 5805, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Habgood, EL (reprint author), Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Challenger Div Seafloor Proc, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. NR 52 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD JUN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 483 EP 510 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00561.x PG 28 WC Geology SC Geology GA 689WJ UT WOS:000183515700005 ER PT J AU Shi, L Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Shi, L Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Superconductivity in compressed potassium and rubidium SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE superconductors; electronic band structure ID STRONG-COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; LITHIUM; PRESSURE; METALS AB Calculations of the electron-phonon interaction in the alkali metals, potassium and rubidium, using the results of band theory and BCS theory-based techniques suggest that at high pressures K and Rb would be superconductors with transition temperatures approaching 10 K. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 127 IS 1 BP 13 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(03)00388-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 700AU UT WOS:000184091100003 ER PT J AU Scott, KJ McKinnon, BJ AF Scott, KJ McKinnon, BJ TI Pemphigus vulgaris: An acquired blistering disease SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 95th Annual Meeting of the Southern-Medical-Society CY NOV 08, 2001 CL Nashville, TN SP SO Med Soc DE desmoglein; paraneoplastic pemphigus; pemphigus; pemphigus foliaceous; pemphigus vulgaris ID THERAPY AB Pemphigus vulgaris is one of a group of autoimmune disorders that are caused by autoantibodies against the desmoglein adhesion molecules of squamous epithelial cells. It is a rare form of immune dysfunction that can prove vexing to the patient and physician, but it has distinct clinical and histologic findings. We report a case of a patient with the autoimmune blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris localized to the oral cavity and discuss the important clinical, immunopathologic, and therapeutic factors of this disease. This case report highlights the unusual nature of pemphigus vulgaris, the modalities used in its diagnosis, and effectiveness of therapy. Pemphigus vulgaris is an uncommon disease blistering disorder due to desmoglein autoantibodies, whose presentation can be alarming and puzzling to the clinician. Awareness of the disease's presentation and mechanism will allow for an efficient diagnostic evaluation and timely treatment. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Scott, KJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Charette Hlth Care Ctr, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. EM KJScott@mar.med.navy.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 96 IS 6 BP 618 EP 620 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000060884.26016.78 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 831CC UT WOS:000222169500022 PM 12938794 ER PT J AU Abdel-Hamid, T AF Abdel-Hamid, T TI Response to letter from Professor Flatt SO SYSTEM DYNAMICS REVIEW LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Abdel-Hamid, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0883-7066 J9 SYST DYNAM REV JI Syst. Dyn. Rev. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 169 EP 170 DI 10.1002/sdr.270 PG 2 WC Management; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 694JC UT WOS:000183770500005 ER PT J AU Bohnker, B Rovig, G Page, J Philippi, A Butler, F Sack, D AF Bohnker, B Rovig, G Page, J Philippi, A Butler, F Sack, D TI Navy hearing conservation program: Hearing threshold comparisons to Navy SEALS and divers SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hearing conservation; military medicine; special operations personnel; Navy medicine; diving medicine ID ENLISTED PERSONNEL AB Bolinker B, Rovig G, Page J, Philippi A, Butler F, Sack D. Navy hearing conservation program: Hearing threshold comparisons to Navy SEALS and divers - Undersea Hyperb Med 2003; 30(2): 155 -162 - The study examined hearing threshold for Navy special operations personnel (SEALS (Sea-Air-Land): N=212; divers: N=165). Hearing threshold values were obtained and age adjusted using Mantel Haenzel Weighted odds ratio (MHOR) to compare with information in the Navy Hearing Conservation Database. For any threshold above 20 dB in the 500 through 3000 Hz range, the SEALS were significantly less at risk (MHOR=0.54, p=0.022) in the right ear, while the divers were significantly less at risk in the left ear (MHOR=0.61,p=0.047). For hearing thresholds at 4000 Hz above 40 dB, SEALS were significantly more at risk in both left car (MHOR=2.03, p=0.0043) and right ear (MHOR=2.58, p=0.000089), while divers were not different. Risk assessment based on these findings must consider the multiple exposure hazards and critical mission profiles for the Navy special operations personnel. Requirements for mission accomplishment in hazardous environments may deem these risks acceptable. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Naval Hosp, Pensacola, FL 32510 USA. RP Bohnker, B (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 712CY UT WOS:000184780200008 PM 12964859 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Carlos, WE Kennedy, TA AF Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Carlos, WE Kennedy, TA TI The study of magnetism of Mn clusters on Si surfaces SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clusters; surfaces; magnetism; optical dichroism ID NI CLUSTERS; AL; SI(112); GA; BISTABILITY; ENERGETICS; MOMENTS; GROWTH AB We have formed Mn clusters on Si(111) and Si(112) surfaces and we have examined their magnetic behavior using circularly polarized optical scattering. We show that Mn clusters of diameter 15-25 nm exhibit a temperature dependent ferromagnet-like behavior for temperatures below 10 K. As we use magnetic fields perpendicular to the plane of the surface, our results indicate that the magnetic moment of some of these clusters is out of the plane. In addition, our experiments verify previous theoretical suggestions that polarized optical scattering can be used to detect magnetism in small clusters. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 31 PY 2003 VL 214 IS 1-4 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00348-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 693RH UT WOS:000183731800012 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH Gumbel, J Englert, CR Grossmann, KU Rapp, M Hartogh, P AF Stevens, MH Gumbel, J Englert, CR Grossmann, KU Rapp, M Hartogh, P TI Polar mesospheric clouds formed from space shuttle exhaust SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIND-IMAGING INTERFEROMETER; RESOLUTION DOPPLER IMAGER; ARCTIC SUMMER MESOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; ICE; MESOPAUSE AB We observe a plume of water vapor in the Arctic above 85 km and a day after an August shuttle launch. Our satellite observations reveal that a discrete region of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) appears a week after that launch. We calculate that the water contained in the observed PMCs is consistent with the amount injected by the shuttle. This is evidence for a source of PMCs not previously considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7641,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 20 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 31 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 10 AR 1546 DI 10.1029/2003GL017249 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 686CG UT WOS:000183302500006 ER PT J AU Zheng, YH Lynch, KA Boehm, M Goldstein, R Javadi, H Schuck, P Arnoldy, RL Kintner, PM AF Zheng, YH Lynch, KA Boehm, M Goldstein, R Javadi, H Schuck, P Arnoldy, RL Kintner, PM TI Multipoint measurements of field-aligned current density in the auroral zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE free-flying magnetometers; multipoint magnetic field measurements; spatial or temporal features; correlative wavelet analysis; magnetic field data reduction ID KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PLASMA SHEET; SPACECRAFT; ARC; REGION; POLAR AB [1] In this paper we present the analysis and interpretation of a multipoint observation of magnetic field structures at the poleward edge of a premidnight auroral arc by the Enstrophy sounding rocket mission. Four Free-Flying Magnetometers (FFMs) employing autonomous nanospacecraft technology were deployed from the main payload during the flight, and multipoint magnetic field measurements were made. Signatures consistent with both spatial and temporal interpretations were found to be present when large fluctuations in B were seen at the edge of an arc as the rocket flew into the polar cap. Reasons for the interpretation of spatial or temporal features are given and supported by a simple model of multiple payloads crossing through several moving current sheets and a study of the fine structure of this auroral event using multipoint, correlative wavelet analysis to find velocities of structures at different scale sizes. We show that the direct measurement method of current density using multipoint measurement of magnetic fields gives us a different current density than what would be inferred from a single-point measurement and that the multipoint measurement also provides an inherent check on the validity of the measurement through a calculation of the divergence of the measured B. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zheng, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Zheng, Yihua/D-7368-2012 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 30 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A5 AR 1217 DI 10.1029/2002JA009450 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 686CZ UT WOS:000183304100001 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Hughes, JM Beal, EJ Lloyd, CT AF Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Hughes, JM Beal, EJ Lloyd, CT TI Soybean-derived fuel liquids from different sources as blending stocks for middle distillate ground transportation fuels SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB It has been proposed that biodiesel liquids be used in blends with middle distillate ground transportation fuels by the various services in the Department of Defense. The U.S. Navy is considering allowing up to 20% biodiesel to be added as a blending stock to petroleum diesel fuels. It is important for operational considerations to examine the many problems this could present. Among the more important considerations are storage stability, filterability, fuel solubility, oxidative stability, and induced instability reactions. This paper reports on two different soybean-derived fuel liquids. The first is a fuel liquid that contains an antioxidant, and the second is a fuel liquid that was derived from recycled restaurant cooking oil with no added antioxidant. We compare both biodiesels in blends of 10% and 20% with both stable and unstable petroleum middle distillate fuels for storage stability, oxidative stability, solubility, and chemical instability results. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. W Springfield High Sch, Dept Sci, Springfield, VA 22152 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY 28 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2387 EP 2389 DI 10.1021/ie021052v PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 681UX UT WOS:000183054900013 ER PT J AU Deng, G Wei, L Collins, GE AF Deng, G Wei, L Collins, GE TI Sensitive-detection of beryllium using a fiber optic liquid waveguide cell SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE beryllium; chromazurol S; liquid waveguide; fiber optic ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; WATER; CHROMATOGRAPHY; INJECTION; EMISSIONS; DISEASE; METAL AB The metallochromic chelating agent, Chromazurol S, has been utilized in conjunction with a fiber optic liquid waveguide capillary cell to enable the sensitive detection of beryllium in solution (30 ng l(-1) detection limit) and following extraction from a contaminated plexiglas surface (0.5 ng cm(-2) detection limit). The addition of a cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride, to Chromazurol S at pH 10 in Tris-HCl buffer results in the formation of two bathochromic peaks in the visible spectrum following metal chelation by beryllium. The first absorbance band, at 515 nm, is intermediate in nature, permitting maximal sensitivity for low beryllium concentrations, but diminishing in intensity at concentrations above 100 mug l(-1). The second absorbance band, centered at 610 nm, dominates for beryllium concentrations of 100 mug l(-1) and above. Experimental conditions including pH, buffer type, additive surfactants, masking agents, and-dye concentration were investigated in order to optimize detection sensitivity and selectivity. A fiber optic spectrometer is used with both a liquid waveguide capillary cell and 1 cm cuvette cell, to give a sensitive and broad dynamic range for beryllium detection that capitalizes on both beryllium metal chelate absorbance bands formed under these conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Novo Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAY 28 PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00060-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 684AT UT WOS:000183183800002 PM 18969019 ER PT J AU Smith, HA Rebbert, M Sternberg, O AF Smith, HA Rebbert, M Sternberg, O TI Designer infrared filters using stacked metal lattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP STRUCTURES AB We have designed and fabricated infrared filters for use at wavelengths greater than or similar to 15 microns. Unlike conventional dielectric filters used at the short wavelengths, ours are made from stacked metal grids, spaced at a very small fraction of the performance wavelengths. The individual lattice layers are gold, the spacers are polyimide, and they are assembled using integrated circuit processing techniques; they resemble some metallic photonic band-gap structures. We simulate the filter performance accurately, including the coupling of the propagating, near-field electromagnetic modes, using computer aided design codes. We find no anomalous absorption. The geometrical parameters of the grids are easily altered in practice, allowing for the production of tuned filters with predictable useful transmission characteristics. Although developed for astronomical instrumentation, the filters are broadly applicable in systems across infrared and terahertz bands. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, HA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 21 BP 3605 EP 3607 DI 10.1063/1.1579115 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680TB UT WOS:000182993700007 ER PT J AU Eddy, CR Leonhardt, D Shamamian, VA Butler, JE Thoms, BD AF Eddy, CR Leonhardt, D Shamamian, VA Butler, JE Thoms, BD TI Mass spectrometry sampling method for characterizing high-density plasma etching mechanisms SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Mass spectrometry sampling using a "through-the-platen'' technique is described with respect to its utility in characterizing high-density plasma etching processes for semiconductors. A custom substrate platen/sampling aperture is described and its effectiveness in characterizing plasma/surface reactions is demonstrated. The technique is applied to the characterization of GaAs etching in a Cl-2/Ar high-density plasma chemistry. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6861, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 21 BP 3626 EP 3628 DI 10.1063/1.1577831 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680TB UT WOS:000182993700014 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Lara, A Kaiser, ML Thompson, BJ Gallagher, PT Howard, RA AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Lara, A Kaiser, ML Thompson, BJ Gallagher, PT Howard, RA TI Large solar energetic particle events of cycle 23: A global view SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; RADIO AB [1] We report on a study of all the large solar energetic particle (SEP) events that occurred during the minimum to maximum interval of solar cycle 23. The main results are: 1. The occurrence rate of the SEP events, long-wavelength type II bursts and the fast and wide frontside western hemispheric CMEs is quite similar, consistent with the scenario that CME-driven shocks accelerate both protons and electrons; major flares have a much higher rate. 2. The SEP intensity is better correlated with the CME speed than with the X-ray flare class. 3. CMEs associated with high-intensity SEPs are about 4 times more likely to be preceded by wide CMEs from the same solar source region, suggesting the importance of the preconditioning of the eruption region. We use a specific event to demonstrate that preceding eruption from a nearby source can significantly affect the properties of SEPs and type II radio bursts. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geofis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. L3 Com Anal Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Solar Phys Branch, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 695, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; Gallagher, Peter/C-7717-2011 OI Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400 NR 9 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 12 AR 8015 DI 10.1029/2002GL016435 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 683YE UT WOS:000183178000002 ER PT J AU Kolhatkar, RB Ghorai, SK George, C Reith, MEA Dutta, AK AF Kolhatkar, RB Ghorai, SK George, C Reith, MEA Dutta, AK TI Interaction of cis-(6-benzhydrylpiperidin-3-yl)benzylamine analogues with monoamine transporters: Structure-activity relationship study of structurally constrained 3,6-disubstituted piperidine analogues of (2,2-diphenylethyl)-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-ylmethyl]amine SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE-TRANSPORTER; COCAINE ANTAGONISTS; SELECTIVE LIGANDS; HIGH-AFFINITY; INHIBITORS; BINDING; POTENT; NOREPINEPHRINE; SEROTONIN; 4-<2-(DIPHENYLMETHOXY)ETHYL>-1-BENZYLPIPERIDINE AB To explore structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a novel conformationally constrained lead cis-3,6-disubstituted piperidine derivative derived from (2,2-diphenylethyl)-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidine-4-ylmethyl]amine (1), a series of compounds was synthesized by derivatizing the exocyclic N-atom at the 3-position of the lead. This study led to the formation of substituted phenyl and heterocyclic derivatives. All novel compounds were tested for their affinity at the dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the brain by measuring their potency in competing for the binding of [H-3]WIN 35 428, [3H]citalopram, and [3H]nisoxetine, respectively. Selected compounds were also evaluated for their activity in inhibiting the uptake of [H-3]DA. The SAR results demonstrated that the nature of substitutions on the phenyl ring is important in activity at the DAT with the presence of an electron-withdrawing group having the maximum effect on potency. Replacement of the phenyl ring in the benzyl group by heterocyclic moieties resulted in the development of compounds with moderate activity for the DAT. Two most potent racemic compounds were separated by a diastereoisomeric separation procedure, and differential affinities were observed for the enantiomers. Absolute configuration of the enantiomers was obtained unambiguously by X-ray crystal structural study. One of the enantiomers, compound S,S-(-)-19a, exhibited the highest potency for the DAT (IC50 = 11.3 nM) among all the compounds tested and was as potent as GBR 12909 (1- [2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxyl ethyl] -4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine). However, the compound (-)-19a was more selective than GBR 12909 in binding to the DAT compared with binding to the SERT and NET. The present results establish the newly developed 3,6-disubstituted piperidine derivatives as a novel template for high-affinity inhibitors of DAT. Structurally these molecules are more constrained compared to our earlier flexible piperidine molecules and, thus, should provide more insights about their bioactive conformations. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed & Therapeut Sci, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. RP Dutta, AK (reprint author), Applebaum Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Rm 3128, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM adutta@ea.cphs.wayne.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 12449] NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAY 22 PY 2003 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2205 EP 2215 DI 10.1021/jm020561w PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 679PZ UT WOS:000182932300020 PM 12747792 ER PT J AU Meier, WN Maslanik, JA AF Meier, WN Maslanik, JA TI Effect of environmental conditions on observed, modeled, and assimilated sea ice motion errors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea ice motion; sea ice modeling; passive microwave remote sensing; data assimilation ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; BALANCE; SSM/I; BUOY; IMAGERY; SAR AB [1] Previous evaluations of ice motion have primarily consisted of comparisons with in situ observations and general sensitivity studies with wind speed and direction. An assimilation framework allows the quality of ice motions to be studied as an explicit function of model and model forcing parameters. Here we investigate the effects of local conditions on remotely sensed, modeled, and assimilated motions. We use local conditions, as given by the ice model, to examine ice motion errors based on (1) proximity to the coast, (2) ice thickness, and (3) wind-forcing. In comparison with buoy observations, both modeled and remotely sensed ice motions have lowest errors in moderately thick ice, in low winds, and away from coastal regions. Wind speed plays the largest role in the errors, and higher winds speeds lead to substantially higher motion error standard deviation. However, higher wind speeds also increase the correlation of modeled and remotely sensed motions with buoy observations. An optimal interpolation assimilation methodology, which led to substantial improvements in ice motion quality on a regional and seasonal basis, was employed in this study. Assimilation improved the quality of the ice motions (lower error, higher correlation) throughout most ranges of wind speed and ice thickness and both near the coast and in the central ice pack. This study suggests that adjusting assimilation weights based on local model conditions could efficiently yield even higher quality assimilated motion fields. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meier, WN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Dr, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 21 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C5 AR 3152 DI 10.1029/2002JC001333 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 683YR UT WOS:000183179100003 ER PT J AU Harlander, JM Roesler, FL Englert, CR Cardon, JG Conway, RR Brown, CM Wimperis, J AF Harlander, JM Roesler, FL Englert, CR Cardon, JG Conway, RR Brown, CM Wimperis, J TI Robust monolithic ultraviolet interferometer for the SHIMMER instrument on STPSat-1 SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a monolithic interferometer consisting entirely of optically contacted fused-silica optical elements that are assembled, adjusted, and permanently bonded in place. The interferometer is part of a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) [SHIMMER (Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals)] that will be used for near-ultraviolet high-spectral-resolution limb imaging of OH solar resonance fluorescence from low Earth orbit aboard the satellite STPSat-1 scheduled for launch in 2006. The stability of the monolith coupled with the relaxed tolerances on optical quality and alignment inherent, to SHS make this new instrument extremely robust and especially attractive for applications in harsh environments. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 St Cloud State Univ, Dept Astron & Engn Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wave Precis, Ottawa, ON K2E 7Y8, Canada. RP Harlander, JM (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Dept Astron & Engn Sci, 720 4th Ave S,Mail Stop 315, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM harlander@stcloudstate.edu OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 6 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 15 BP 2829 EP 2834 DI 10.1364/AO.42.002829 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 680KU UT WOS:000182977300029 PM 12777021 ER PT J AU Whang, YC Burlaga, LF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Whang, YC Burlaga, LF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI Solar wind speed and temperature outside 10 AU and the termination shock SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; shock waves; solar wind ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; PRESSURE-BALANCED STRUCTURES; ANOMALOUS COSMIC-RAYS; PICKUP PROTONS; VOYAGER-2 OBSERVATIONS; OUTER HELIOSPHERE; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; DISTANCE; MODEL; GAS AB In this paper we first present a series of pickup proton solar wind solutions following the fluid motion in the upwind direction to show that the wind speed V and temperature T, at a given r outside 10 AU, are primarily functions of the 1 AU wind speed V-0. This relationship is attributed to the accumulated effects of the pickup proton process on the heating and deceleration of the solar wind. Because pickup protons are expected to have similar effects on the solar wind at all latitudes in the upwind side of the heliosphere, in the second part of the paper, the two formulae V( r, V-0) and T( r, V-0) are extended to study the termination shock at 35degrees latitude. Wang and Sheeley have an empirical model for calculating the 1 AU wind speed V-0 from the observed photospheric field. We use the simulated wind speed V-0 to calculate V and T outside 60 AU following the fluid motion; then we can study the solar cycle variation of the termination shock. The shock location near 35degrees is unambiguously dependent on the solar cycle, with a period of approximately 1 solar cycle; the amplitude for variation of the shock location is greater than 50 AU. The new result supports the idea that the first encounter of Voyager 1 with the termination shock may occur during the declining phase of cycle 23. After the first encounter, the spacecraft will cross the shock two more times over a period of 8 years. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whang, YC (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2003 VL 589 IS 1 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1086/374595 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679VW UT WOS:000182943500050 ER PT J AU Uilk, JM Mera, AE Fox, RB Wynne, KJ AF Uilk, JM Mera, AE Fox, RB Wynne, KJ TI Hydrosilation-cured poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks: Intrinsic contact angles via dynamic contact angle analysis SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SILICONE-RUBBER; HYDROPHOBIC RECOVERY; SURFACE; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; HYDROSILYLATION; DISCHARGES; ADHESION; EXPOSURE; ALPHA,OMEGA-DIHYDROXYPOLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); WETTABILITY AB A method for measuring intrinsic advancing (theta(adv)) and receding (theta(rec)) water contact angles is reported for hydrosilylation-cured poly(dimethylsiloxane) network coatings that are analogues of biomedical materials. Static and dynamic contact angle (DCA) methods were used to evaluate coatings prepared from commercial divinyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (C-DVPDMS) and synthesized low polydispersity divinyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (N-DVPDMS). DCA measurements showed that coatings prepared with both C-DVPDMS and N-DVPDMS contaminated the water surface during analysis. For ambient temperature cure, the rate of contamination was C-DVPDMS > N-DVPDMS. Methods for acquiring intrinsic contact angles on the PDMS coatings include using a large surface area reservoir or changing the water reservoir between DCA cycles. Intrinsic contact angles for hydrosilylation-cured PDMS coatings are as follows: theta(adv), 118degrees, theta(rec), 83degrees; after contamination of the water surface the contact angles change to theta(adv), 108degrees, theta(rec) 87degrees. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, KJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 8 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 20 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 10 BP 3689 EP 3694 DI 10.1021/ma021154x PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 680GE UT WOS:000182967300032 ER PT J AU Emmert, JT Fejer, BG Sipler, DP AF Emmert, JT Fejer, BG Sipler, DP TI Climatology and latitudinal gradients of quiet time thermospheric neutral winds over Millstone Hill from Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL WINDS; GLOBAL-MODEL; F-REGION; ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; FIELD AB Midlatitude nighttime thermospheric neutral winds are strongly dependent on season, solar activity, and latitude. We use an extensive database of wind measurements made during 1989-2001 by the Millstone Hill Fabry-Perot interferometer to study the detailed climatology of quiet time neutral winds near an altitude of 250 km. To facilitate the analysis of these data, we develop a local time, day-of-year, solar flux, and latitude-dependent empirical model, with the latitude dependence obtained by considering north looking and south looking observations separately. Our results show that the zonal winds are predominantly eastward after dusk and westward before dawn, with the strongest eastward winds occurring in the winter and with an east-to-west transition that occurs earliest in the summer. The zonal winds exhibit weak-to-moderate latitudinal gradients, with more westward values to the north. The zonal wind magnitudes decrease with increasing solar flux; the strongest trends occur during winter. The meridional winds are predominantly equatorward in all cases and exhibit strong latitudinal gradients, with larger values to the north. The maximum nighttime equatorward winds decrease with increasing solar flux, except during summer, when there is no significant solar activity variation. They are largest during the summer, except at solar minimum when a semiannual variation is observed and the peak winds occur during the equinoxes. Earlier studies of midlatitude wind measurements are generally consistent with our data, with our results providing a considerably more detailed description of the nighttime wind climatology at midlatitudes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. RP Emmert, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7643,Bldg 209,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 17 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A5 AR 1196 DI 10.1029/2002JA009765 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 682TT UT WOS:000183109000003 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Raviprakash, K Leao, IC Chikhlikar, PR Ewing, D Anwar, A Chougnet, C Murphy, G Hayes, CG August, TJ Marques, ETA AF Lu, Y Raviprakash, K Leao, IC Chikhlikar, PR Ewing, D Anwar, A Chougnet, C Murphy, G Hayes, CG August, TJ Marques, ETA TI Dengue 2 PreM-E/LAMP chimera targeted to the MHC class II compartment elicits long-lasting neutralizing antibodies SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE flavivirus; T-helper cells; humoral response ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; DNA VACCINATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; RESTRICTED PRESENTATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE AB A dengue 2 plasmid DNA vaccine (pD2) expressing the pre-membrane and envelope proteins (preM-E) was modified by replacing the dengue transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequences with those of the mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein (pD2/LAMP). Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy of human 293, NIH 3T3, and macrophage IC21 cell lines transfected with pD2/LAMP showed that the preM-E/LAMP protein chimera was present in vesicles containing endogenous LAMP and major histocompatability complex class II (MHC II), in contrast to the non-vesicular localization of native preM-E protein lacking the LAMP targeting sequence. Mice immunized with pD2 showed an antigen-specific immunoglobulin response but the neutralizing antibodies titers (plaque reduction neutralization test, PRNT50) elicited by the native protein were minimal. In contrast, vaccination with pD2/LAMP resulted in PRNT50 Of 270, 320 and 160 at approximately 1, 3 and 8 months after two immunizations with 50 mug DNA, and approached 100% neutralization at 1:20 dilution. Additional immunization with pD2/LAMP, after 8 months, increased the neutralizing antibody titers to >640. Comparable neutralizing antibody responses were induced by two vector backbones, pVR1012 and pVax-1, at 5 and 50 mug of DNA. The neutralizing responses to the pD2/LAMP chimera were greatly superior to those elicited by pD2 in all conditions. These results underscore the importance of MHC class II presentation of DNA-encoded dengue-virus envelope protein for production of neutralizing antibodies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Virol Program, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Singapore Biomed Ctr, Singapore 117610, Singapore. RP Marques, ETA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Marques, Ernesto/L-4514-2013; Marques, Ernesto/L-4967-2013 OI Marques, Ernesto/0000-0003-3826-9358; Marques, Ernesto/0000-0003-3826-9358 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5 R03 AI44842-03] NR 55 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 16 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 17-18 BP 2178 EP 2189 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00009-4 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 682PF UT WOS:000183100200047 PM 12706709 ER PT J AU Cheng, SF Woods, GT Bussmann, K Mazin, II Soulen, RJ Carpenter, EE Das, BN Lubitz, P AF Cheng, SF Woods, GT Bussmann, K Mazin, II Soulen, RJ Carpenter, EE Das, BN Lubitz, P TI Growth and magnetic properties of single crystal Fe1-xCoxS2 (x=0.35-1) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, US Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID SPIN-POLARIZATION; ANDREEV REFLECTION; PYRITE FES2-X; HALF AB The pyrite Fe1-xCoxS2 (0.25less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.9) was predicted to be half metal, insensitive to Fe-Co disorder. To verify its half metallicity, we have grown single crystals of Fe1-xCoxS2 (x=0.35, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, and 1). Crystals of up to a few mm in size by temperature gradient (923-873 K) solution growth from Te melts, which showed high crystalline quality by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and magnetic measurements. A half-metallic magnetization of 1+/-0.03mu(B) per Co atom was found for x=0.35-0.9. Point contact Andreev reflection measurements, however, showed spin polarization of 47%-61% with the maximum around x=0.5, well below predictions. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements give gsimilar to2.08 with large intrinsic damping, which indicates a reduced half-metallicity. Inductively coupled plasma and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results confirm a sulfur deficiency of similar to1.5%-10% [(Fe,Co)S2-y,0.03less than or equal toyless than or equal to0.2] and small amounts of Te. Electronic structure calculations show the extra electron provided by Co substitution to FeS2 populates a sulfur-derived conduction band. Consequently, S deficiency and/or S site disorder are expected to affect the transport properties. This is consistent with the low polarization measurements and again indicates the importance of crystalline order in obtaining highly spin-polarized materials. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cheng, SF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 6847 EP 6849 DI 10.1063/1.1555986 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677RX UT WOS:000182822300141 ER PT J AU Larson, P Mazin, II AF Larson, P Mazin, II TI Magnetic properties of SmCo5 and YCo5 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL TAMPA, FL SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, US Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY ENERGY; RCO5 INTERMETALLICS; METAMAGNETISM; COBALT AB We have studied the magnetic moments and magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of YCo5 and SmCo5 using full-potential linear augmented plane wave (LAPW) electronic structure calculations. Most previous calculations of the MAE for YCo5, using local density approximation (LDA) for the exchange-correlation potential, have found values significantly smaller (similar to0.6 meV/f.u.) than experiment (similar to3.8 meV/f.u.). The rest of the MAE is attributed to many body corrections. Our LAPW calculations using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) instead of LDA and including nonspherical corrections give values similar to1.5 meV/f.u. The Co magnetic moment of YCo5-xCux, unlike the prediction of the virtual crystal approximation, decreases slowly with impurity concentration until dropping suddenly to zero at a critical dopant concentration. Correlation effects were found to be crucial for the MAE in SmCo5. While GGA calculations give MAE for SmCo5 of the wrong sign, including the LDA+U, correction brings it to similar to21 meV/f.u., in good agreement with the experimental value of 13-16 meV/f.u. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM larson@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 6888 EP 6890 DI 10.1063/1.1556154 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677RX UT WOS:000182822300154 ER PT J AU Davis, AH Bussmann, K AF Davis, AH Bussmann, K TI Organic luminescent devices and magnetoelectronics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, US Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE ALUMINUM; INJECTION AB Developments in magnetoelectronics are advancing by combination of once disparate areas of research in magnetic materials, semiconductor electronics, and optoelectronics. We explore the integration of magnetic materials with organic semiconductors. Because small spin-orbit coupling in these materials minimizes spin relaxation, they may be useful in spintronic applications. Motivated by a theoretical investigation into spin-dependent exciton formation that predicts a magnetoluminescence valve effect, we attempt to manipulate spin-polarized holes and electrons in an effort to generate magnetic field dependent luminescence in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). We have fabricated various functional OLEDs consisting of ferromagnetic electrodes sandwiching a organic semiconducting bilayer, thus demonstrating that hole and electron injection from magnetic electrodes is possible. However, magnetic transition metal anodes produce higher turn-on voltages and significantly reduced lifetimes compared to indium-tin-oxide based OLED's. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, AH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Riminucci, Alberto/D-7525-2011 OI Riminucci, Alberto/0000-0003-0976-1810 NR 22 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 7358 EP 7360 DI 10.1063/1.1540174 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677RX UT WOS:000182822300309 ER PT J AU Morrison, SA Cahill, CL Carpenter, EE Calvin, S Harris, VG AF Morrison, SA Cahill, CL Carpenter, EE Calvin, S Harris, VG TI Preparation and characterization of MnZn-ferrite nanoparticles using reverse micelles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, US Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; PARTICLES; COPRECIPITATION; SCATTERING; METAL AB Research on manganese zinc ferrites (MZFO) has undergone a renewal in recent years as advances in synthetic techniques promise smaller grain sizes and corresponding changes in material properties. Current techniques for nanoscale synthesis of ferrites, however, produce a broad distribution of particle sizes, thus limiting the density of compacted materials, and consequently altering coercivity [C. Rath , J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2211 (2002)]. To minimize porosity, bulk materials need to be pressed from uniform particles. Wet chemical synthesis performed in reverse micelles, in which pools of water are encased by surfactant molecules in an excess volume of oil, provides the greatest control over size and morphology. During synthesis, surfactant molecules keep particles separated and restrict particle growth. This affords greater control over the size and shape of the particles grown in the micelles and commonly results in highly uniform morphologies [J. P. Chen , J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6316 (1994); C. Liu , J. Phys. Chem. B. 104, 1141 (2000)]. As a first step, it is necessary to produce pure phase, nanosized ferrite particles, therefore in this study, analysis of the powder of a sample prepared by a reverse micelle technique is compared to a sample prepared by a traditional ceramic method. Future studies will focus on the porosity and subsequent material properties of compacted forms of the pure phase samples. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morrison, SA (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Calvin, Scott/A-9589-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 7489 EP 7491 DI 10.1063/1.1555751 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677RX UT WOS:000182822300353 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Kodat, S Walmer, MH Cheng, SF Willard, MA Harris, VG AF Chen, CH Kodat, S Walmer, MH Cheng, SF Willard, MA Harris, VG TI Effects of grain size and morphology on the coercivity of Sm-2(Co1-xFex)(17) based powders and spin cast ribbons SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PERMANENT-MAGNETS; DEGREES-C; MICROSTRUCTURE; FE; ALLOYS AB The effects of grain/particle size and morphology on the coercivity of Sm-2(Co1-xFex)(17) based powders and spin cast ribbons are investigated in an attempt to make pure Sm-Co 2:17 magnets with a higher energy product than that currently available. It is observed that the coercive force is not only affected by the composition, but also significantly by the grain/particle size. The coercivity of the as-cast SmCo6 powder was increased from 0.5 to similar to12 kOe when the grain/particle size was decreased from 14 to 1.5 mum. A twofold increase in coercivity was also observed for some Sm(CO0.85Fe0.15)(7.6) spin cast ribbons when the wheel speed was increased from 6 to 25 m/s and the grain size of the ribbons was decreased from 2-15 to 0.5-5 mum. The initial magnetization curves show a high degree of texture that exists in the free side of ribbons, with the c axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the ribbons. The presence of a trace of boron in the ribbons changes the grain morphology and eliminates the texture. Some results show promise of making a high coercivity higher energy product Sm-2(Co1-xFex)(17) based magnets without adding nonmagnetic elements such as Cu and Zr. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Elect Energy Corp, Landisville, PA 17538 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Elect Energy Corp, Landisville, PA 17538 USA. EM chc@electronenergy.com RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 16 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 7966 EP 7968 DI 10.1063/1.1558272 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677TA UT WOS:000182822600109 ER PT J AU Lubitz, P Cheng, SF Rachford, FJ AF Lubitz, P Cheng, SF Rachford, FJ TI Increase of magnetic damping in thin polycrystalline Fe films induced by Cu/Fe overlayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MULTILAYER; CO; MAGNETORESISTANCE; LAYERS; CU AB The ferromagnetic resonance properties of thin polycrystalline layers in the sequence Cu/Fe/Cu/Fe/Cu, grown on Si wafers, were studied. Fe grown on Cu can have a very narrow ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth. Similar structures are of interest for spin transport studies and for giant magnetoresonance applications. The thinner Fe underlayer ranged from 2 to 5 nm, the intermediate Cu spacer thickness from 2 to 10 nm, and the Fe outer layer was 20 nm thick. The increased damping of the thinner Fe layer in this structure, as reflected in the FMR linewidths observed at 9.46 and 33.5 GHz, is similar to that predicted by Berger and recently observed experimentally using epitaxial single crystal Fe films. In addition to confirming the 1/(Fe layer thickness) dependence of the additional damping, the present measurements show a decrease of damping with increasing Cu spacer thickness, implying a short spin transport decay length in our Cu of about 3.5 nm. The linewidth in isolated Cu/Fe/Cu layers also increased with decreasing Fe thickness, as predicted and observed in some other cases. Magnetization data indicate negligible magnetic coupling of the Fe layers except for the smallest interlayer Cu thicknesses used. The linewidths studied increased moderately with cooling to 77 K. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lubitz, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 8283 EP 8285 DI 10.1063/1.1557340 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677TA UT WOS:000182822600210 ER PT J AU Kellogg, RA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA AF Kellogg, RA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA TI Texture and grain morphology dependencies of saturation magnetostriction in rolled polycrystalline Fe83Ga17 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AL ALLOYS; FE-GA AB Textured polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys exhibit magnetostrictive strains of 100 ppm or greater and may function as a mechanically robust actuator/sensing material. Current efforts seek to combine the 300+ ppm magnetostrictive strain performance of [100] oriented single crystals with the mechanical properties of polycrystalline forms. One approach to combining these properties is to control the crystallographic texture through deformation processing such as rolling. To determine the relationship between saturation magnetostriction, degree of texturing, and grain morphology we compare the results of three-dimensional finite element simulations with the analytical solution for a random polycrystal and the experimental responses of rolled polycrystalline Fe83Ga17. Textured specimens were produced through rolling reductions up to 99% of an as-cast ingot and a subsequent 1100 or 590 degreesC anneal. The high temperature anneal produced a recrystallized grain structure having a wide variation in crystal orientation as determined by orientation imaging microscopy. This recrystallized specimen exhibited a net magnetostriction of similar to170 ppm in the rolling direction and was well correlated with the finite element model result. The low temperature annealed specimen possessed fine elongated grains having dispersed {001}[110] and {111}[211] textures. Net magnetostrictions of 30 and 37 ppm were measured in the rolling direction and 45degrees off the rolling direction, respectively. The low magnetostriction value in the 45degrees direction disagrees substantially with the finite element solution of 157 ppm and suggests that unknown factors are dominating the response. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kellogg, RA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 8495 EP 8497 DI 10.1063/1.1540062 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677TA UT WOS:000182822600281 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Hathaway, KB Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA Keppens, VM Petculescu, G Taylor, RA AF Clark, AE Hathaway, KB Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA Keppens, VM Petculescu, G Taylor, RA TI Extraordinary magnetoelasticity and lattice softening in bcc Fe-Ga alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AL ALLOYS AB Extraordinary magnetostrictive behavior has been observed in Fe-Ga alloys with concentrations of Ga between 4% and 27%. lambda(100) exhibits two peaks as a function of Ga content. At room temperature, lambda(100) reaches a maximum of 265 ppm near 19% Ga and 235 ppm near 27% Ga. For compositions between 19% and 27%, lambda(100) drops sharply to a minimum near 24% Ga and exhibits an anomalous temperature dependence, decreasing by as much as a factor of 2 at low temperatures. This unusual magnetostrictive behavior is interpreted on the basis of a single maximum in the magnetoelastic coupling \b(1)\ of Fe with increasing amounts of nonmagnetic Ga, combined with a strongly temperature dependent elastic shear modulus (c(11)-c(12)) which approaches zero near 27% Ga. lambda(111) is significantly smaller in magnitude than lambda(100) over this composition range, and has an abrupt change in sign from negative for low Ga concentrations to positive for a concentration of Ga near 21%. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. OI Taylor, Richard/0000-0002-9082-6644 NR 8 TC 284 Z9 303 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 8621 EP 8623 DI 10.1063/1.1540130 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677TA UT WOS:000182822600323 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML Plane, JMC AF Campbell, ML Plane, JMC TI Kinetic study of the recombination reaction of gas phase Pd(a(1)S(0)) with O-2 from 294 to 523 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; TEMPERATURE RANGES; 623 K; N2O; CO2; CH4; NO; DEPENDENCE; PALLADIUM; COMPLEXES AB The gas-phase removal rate constants for the reaction of ground-state palladium (a(1)S(0)) with oxygen in argon buffer are reported as a function of temperature and pressure. Palladium atoms were produced by the photodissociation of palladium(II) trifluoroacetate and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The reaction is pressure dependent, indicating recombination to form PdO2. Falloff behavior is observed at pressures above about 20 Torr. Quantum calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds on a triplet surface to form bent PdO2((3)A"), which has a low frequency bending mode of only 129 cm(-1) and a bond energy D-0 = 95 kJ mol(-1). RRKM theory, fitted to the experimental data, shows that D-0 should lie below 155 kJ mol(-1) and predicts the following expression for the rate coefficient from 200 to 600 K: k(rec,0) = 1.09 x 10(-30) (T/300 K)(-2.76) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1), k(rec,infinity) = 2.52 x 10(-10) exp(-69.3/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and F-c = 0.61. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Plane, John/C-7444-2015 OI Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 19 BP 3747 EP 3751 DI 10.1021/jp022116i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 678YH UT WOS:000182893900023 ER PT J AU Ivansson, S Bishop, J AF Ivansson, S Bishop, J TI Travelling-wave representations of diffraction using leaky-mode Green function expansions SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRICAL-THEORY; PROPAGATION; FIELD; DUCT C1 Swedish Def Res Agcy, Div Syst Technol, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. USN, Naval Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ivansson, S (reprint author), Swedish Def Res Agcy, Div Syst Technol, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. EM sveni@foi.se; bishopjl@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 262 IS 5 BP 1223 EP 1234 DI 10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01430-X PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 678VW UT WOS:000182888200011 ER PT J AU Hanbicki, AT Rous, PJ Plummer, EW AF Hanbicki, AT Rous, PJ Plummer, EW TI Static and dynamic lattice changes induced by hydrogen adsorption on NiAl(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; METAL-SURFACES; QUANTUM DELOCALIZATION; RELIABILITY FACTORS; PHONON-DISPERSION; SOLID-SURFACES; WORK FUNCTION; CHEMISORPTION; MOTION; LEED AB Static and dynamic changes induced by adsorption of atomic hydrogen on the NiAl(110) lattice at 130 K have been examined as a function of adsorbate coverage. Adsorbed hydrogen exists in three distinct phases. At low coverages the hydrogen is itinerant because of quantum tunneling between sites and exhibits no observable vibrational modes. Between 0.4 and 0.6 ML, substrate mediated interactions produce an ordered superstructure with c(2x2) symmetry, and at higher coverages, hydrogen exists as a disordered lattice gas. This picture of how hydrogen interacts with NiAl(110) is developed from our data and compared to current theoretical predictions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hanbicki, AT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Hanbicki@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 20 AR 205405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.205405 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 689GL UT WOS:000183483200078 ER PT J AU Miller, JC Cardenas, R Vega, LR Hickey, PA Michel, AM Brown, L Dyche, J Carr, W AF Miller, JC Cardenas, R Vega, LR Hickey, PA Michel, AM Brown, L Dyche, J Carr, W TI Effects of three watchstanding schedules on submariner sleep physiology SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 03-08, 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Assoc Prof Sleep Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. NTI Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Veridian Engn, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 26 BP A424 EP A424 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 677ZY UT WOS:000182841101069 ER PT J AU Phillips, B Salamat, JS Lopez, C Drummond, S AF Phillips, B Salamat, JS Lopez, C Drummond, S TI Gender and sleep deprivation effects on the relationship between subjective task demands and performance SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 03-08, 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Assoc Prof Sleep Soc C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 26 BP A200 EP A200 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 677ZY UT WOS:000182841100497 ER PT J AU Gorelik, J Shevchuk, AI Frolenkov, GI Diakonov, IA Lab, MJ Kros, CJ Richardson, GP Vodyanoy, I Edwards, CRW Klenerman, D Korchev, YE AF Gorelik, J Shevchuk, AI Frolenkov, GI Diakonov, IA Lab, MJ Kros, CJ Richardson, GP Vodyanoy, I Edwards, CRW Klenerman, D Korchev, YE TI Dynamic assembly of surface structures in living cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ION-CONDUCTANCE; BRUSH-BORDER; ORGANOTYPIC CULTURES; MOUSE COCHLEA; ACTIN; MORPHOLOGY; MICROSCOPY; BUNDLES; LOCALIZATION; CYTOSKELETON AB Although the dynamics of cell membranes and associated structures is vital for cell function, little is known due to lack of suitable methods. We found, using scanning ion conductance microscopy, that microvilli, membrane projections supported by internal actin bundles, undergo a life cycle: fast height-dependent growth, relatively short steady state, and slow height-independent retraction. The microvilli can aggregate into relatively stable structures where the steady state is extended. We suggest that the intrinsic dynamics of microvilli, combined with their ability to make stable structures, allows them to act as elementary "building blocks" for the assembly of specialized structures on the cell surface. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, London W12 0NN, England. Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Sussex, Sch Biol Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Physiol Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Korchev, YE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, Hammersmith Hosp Campus,Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, England. RI Korchev, Yuri/D-2498-2009; OI Klenerman, David/0000-0001-7116-6954; Korchev, Yuri/0000-0002-4872-8696; Frolenkov, Gregory/0000-0002-9810-5024 NR 28 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 13 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 10 BP 5819 EP 5822 DI 10.1073/pnas.1030502100 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 679UB UT WOS:000182939400047 PM 12721367 ER PT J AU Blum, AS Yang, JC Shashidhar, R Ratna, B AF Blum, AS Yang, JC Shashidhar, R Ratna, B TI Comparing the conductivity of molecular wires with the scanning tunneling microscope SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLED ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; FILMS; GOLD AB Current-voltage characteristics as measured by scanning tunneling microscopy for several different molecular backbones are presented. It is demonstrated that isolated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecules have the same measured conductance as oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecules in a crystalline self-assembled monolayer. This result suggests that previous studies involving relatively large surface areas of self-assembled monolayers can be applied to molecular electronics devices employing small numbers of molecules. In addition, gap resistance measurements are used to rank the molecular conductance of oligo(phenylene ethynylene), oligo(phenylene vinylene), and dodecanedithiol. The observed trend for isolated molecules agrees with earlier large-scale measurements. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blum, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM amyblum@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 24 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 19 BP 3322 EP 3324 DI 10.1063/1.1573365 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 675VV UT WOS:000182717900060 ER PT J AU Singh, BK Singh, AK Imam, MA Srivastava, ON AF Singh, BK Singh, AK Imam, MA Srivastava, ON TI Studies on the synthesis, characterization and hydrogenation behaviour of new Zr(1-x)Mm(x)(Cr0.8Mo0.2)(2) AB(2)-type hydrogen storage materials SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE rare earth compounds; transition metal compounds; hydrogen absorbing materials; gas-solid reaction; X-ray diffraction ID DESORPTION PROPERTIES; ZR(FEXCR1-X)2-H SYSTEMS; ALLOYS; ABSORPTION; STABILITY; HYDRIDES AB This paper deals with the improvement in the hydrogenation behaviour of ZrCr2 type alloys through substitutions at both the Zr and Cr sites. It has been found that the alloy Zr(1-x)Mm(x) (Cr1-yMoy)(2) exhibits better hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics as compared to the parent alloy ZrCr2 or its variant Zr(Cr1-yMoy)(2). The optimum material has been found to correspond to Zr(0.93)Mm(0.07)(Cr0.8Mo0.2)(2) which shows a high hydrogen storage capacity of similar to1.8 wt.% under ambient conditions. This is the highest storage capacity known so far for the ZrCr2 type hydrogen storage system. It should be pointed out that the storage capacity reported previously in the literature for the optimum material Zr(Cr0.8Mo0.2)(2) has a value of 1.53 wt.% only. In addition to the higher storage capacity, the material Zr(0.93)Mm(0.07)(Cr0.8Mo0.2), also exhibits kinetics (5 X 10(-4) m(3)/s/kg) that are faster than the known kinetics (3 X 10(-4) m(3)/s/kg) for the ZrCr2 storage system. A correlation between structural/microstructural characteristics and the improved hydrogenation behaviour (higher storage capacity and faster kinetics) has been outlined. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Srivastava, ON (reprint author), Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 12 PY 2003 VL 354 IS 1-2 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)000258-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 678RG UT WOS:000182879800054 ER PT J AU Schuck, PW Bonnell, JW AF Schuck, PW Bonnell, JW TI Ray trajectories of lower hybrid solitary structures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lower hybrid waves; solitary structures; ray-tracing; density depletions; Hall current; lower hybrid solitary structures ID TRANSVERSE ION-ACCELERATION; TOPSIDE AURORAL IONOSPHERE; DENSITY DEPLETIONS; CURRENT DRIVE; WAVE INTERACTIONS; SOUNDING ROCKET; FREJA SATELLITE; PLASMA-WAVES; CAVITIES; FIELD AB [1] The correlation between large-amplitude lower hybrid waves and density depletions, termed "spikelets,'' "lower hybrid cavities,'' or "lower hybrid solitary structures'' has been attributed to the change in the refractive index computed from the homogeneous plasma dispersion relation. However, the appropriate refractive index includes the electron Hall term involving the density gradient. We demonstrate that the Hall term produces ray trajectories which are profoundly different from the homogeneous plasma dispersion relation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuck, PW (reprint author), LET Corp, Washington, DC USA. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A5 AR 1175 DI 10.1029/2002JA009716 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678QL UT WOS:000182877900003 ER PT J AU Melinger, JS Kleiman, VA McMorrow, D Grohn, F Bauer, BJ Amis, E AF Melinger, JS Kleiman, VA McMorrow, D Grohn, F Bauer, BJ Amis, E TI Ultrafast dynamics of gold-based nanocomposite materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON DYNAMICS; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; COLLOIDAL GOLD; SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND; PARTICLES; COPPER; SIZE; NANOCLUSTERS AB Ultrafast electron dynamics are compared for small (2.5- to 4.0-nm average diameter) Au nanoparticles in two different surrounding environments. In one case, an aqueous solution contains An nanoparticles (with average diameters of either 2.5 or 4.0 nm) embedded inside polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. In the other case, hexanethiol-passivated (HT) Au nanoparticles, with an average diameter of 3.6 nm, are suspended in dichloromethane solution. Femtosecond two-color pump-probe spectroscopy is used to excite and probe the dynamics of the Au nanoparticles in the region of the surface plasmon resonance. The transient response is measured as a function of laser excitation fluence (J/cm(2)). For the metal-dendrimer nanocomposites, the transient response consists of a single-exponential decay that relaxes with a time constant of less than 1.2 ps and is due mainly to electron-phonon coupling. The relaxation time scale shows a weak dependence on excitation fluence but is essentially independent of the size of the Au nanoparticle embedded inside the dendrimer (for the size range investigated). In contrast to the metal-dendrimer systems, the transient response of the Au-HT in dichloromethane reveals both electron-phonon and phonon-phonon relaxation components, and the relaxation time scale shows a relatively stronger dependence on excitation fluence. A qualitative discussion is given for the different relaxation characteristics that are observed for the two Au nanoparticle systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kleiman, Valeria/H-7818-2013 OI Kleiman, Valeria/0000-0002-9975-6558 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 8 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 18 BP 3424 EP 3431 DI 10.1021/jp026885d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 676BV UT WOS:000182732800034 ER PT J AU Brown, GO Guardala, NA Price, JL Weiss, RG AF Brown, GO Guardala, NA Price, JL Weiss, RG TI Comparison of energy deposition modes in polyethylene films by megaelectronvolt range neutrons, electrons, protons, and alpha particles as monitored by covalent attachment of doped pyrene molecules SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; ION RADIOLYSIS; RADIATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SELECTIVITY; BOMBARDMENT; POLYSTYRENE; CYCLOHEXANE; DOSIMETRY; SOLUTES AB The selectivity and efficiency of the covalent attachment of pyrene molecules to chains of polyethylene (PE) films by various forms of ionizing radiation (neutrons, electrons, protons, and (x particles) have been examined while varying several aspects of the reactions. The results are compared with those from irradiations by >300 nm (<4.1 eV) photons. For each type of ionizing radiation, selectivity and attachment efficiency (G) increase with decreasing particle dose. Bombardment by protons, alpha particles, and electrons produces significant amounts of pyrene molecules attached at two positions, whereas comparable doses of >300 nm (<4.1 eV) photons yield monosubstituted pyrenes only. Higher doses of photons result in attached species that are not pyrenyl in nature. Selectivity is independent of particle kinetic energy in the 3.0-7.0 MeV range for alpha particles and in the 1.0-4.5 MeV range for protons. Bombardment by <2.0> MeV neutrons is the least efficient of the ionizing radiation sources explored. Selectivity of attachment is independent of PE crystallinity and so is efficiency when protons or alpha particles are the radiation source. Significant cross-linking and scission of PE chains accompanies the bombardments at higher doses. The nature of the transformation of particle kinetic energy to potential energy and eventually to work as a function of depth of penetration is explored by analyzing individual pyrene-doped PE films that were bombarded in stacks. They indicate that both the selectivity and efficiency of attachment correlate in different ways with the linear transfer of energy to a film. Where direct comparisons are possible, the differing forms of ionizing radiation appear to interact with the polymer matrixes in a somewhat similar manner. However, there are important, subtle differences as well and they are indicated. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Weiss, RG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 8 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 18 BP 3543 EP 3551 DI 10.1021/jp022274 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 676BV UT WOS:000182732800048 ER PT J AU Murphree, T Green-Jessen, P Schwing, FB Bograd, SJ AF Murphree, T Green-Jessen, P Schwing, FB Bograd, SJ TI The seasonal cycle of wind stress curl and its relationship to subsurface ocean temperature in the Northeast Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ENERGY AB [1] We examine the seasonal evolution of analyzed wind stress curl (WSC) over the northeast Pacific Ocean. The strongest WSC features are associated with wind maxima on the flanks of the North Pacific High and Aleutian Low, especially in coastal regions. A strong, seasonally-migrating WSC dipole ( positive inshore, negative offshore) is evident year-round over the California Current System (CCS). We compare the WSC fields to observed upper ocean temperatures to test the hypothesis that seasonal variations in overlying WSC strongly impact temperatures just below the seasonal thermocline. The hypothesis is supported along most of the west coast, where the WSC seasonal cycle is strong and subsurface temperature data are relatively abundant. In open ocean regions, there is little clear evidence for or against the hypothesis due to weak WSC signals and a lack of subsurface data. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Murphree, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 9 AR 1469 DI 10.1029/2002GL016366 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 678NJ UT WOS:000182873100002 ER PT J AU Aravinda, S Shamala, N Das, C Sriranjini, A Karle, IL Balaram, P AF Aravinda, S Shamala, N Das, C Sriranjini, A Karle, IL Balaram, P TI Aromatic-aromatic interactions in crystal structures of helical peptide scaffolds containing projecting phenylalanine residues SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PI-PI-INTERACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; SIDE-CHAIN INTERACTIONS; BENZENE DIMER; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; STACKING; ACID; AGGREGATION; ENERGETICS AB Aromatic-aromatic interactions between phenylalanine side chains in peptides have been probed by the structure determination in crystals of three peptides: Boc-Val-Ala-Phe-Aib-Val-Ala-Phe-Aib-OMe, I; Boc-Val-Ala-Phe-Aib-Val-Ala-Phe-Aib-Val-Ala-Phe-Aib-OMe, II; Boc-Aib-Ala-Phe-Aib-Phe-Ala-Val-Aib-OMe, III. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that all three peptides adopt helical conformations in the solid state with the Phe side chains projecting outward. Interhelix association in the crystals is promoted by Phe-Phe interactions. A total of 15 unique aromatic pairs have been characterized in the three independent crystal structures. In peptides I and II, the aromatic side chains lie on the same face of the helix at i/i + 4 positions resulting in both intrahelix and interhelix aromatic interactions. In peptide III, the Phe side chains are placed on the opposite faces of the helix, resulting in exclusive intermolecular aromatic interactions. The distances between the centroids of aromatic pair ranges from 5.11 to 6.86 Angstrom, while the distance of closest approach of ring carbon atoms ranges from 3.27 to 4.59 Angstrom. Examples of T-shaped and parallel-displaced arrangements of aromatic pairs are observed, in addition to several examples of inclined arrangements. The results support the view that the interaction potential for a pair of aromatic rings is relatively broad and rugged with several minima of similar energies, separated by small activation barriers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Shamala, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-30902] NR 63 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 7 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 18 BP 5308 EP 5315 DI 10.1021/ja0341283 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 675FL UT WOS:000182682700027 PM 12720442 ER PT J AU Wei, ZL George, C Kozikowski, AP AF Wei, ZL George, C Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis of 5-endo-, 5-exo-, 6-endo- and 6-exo-hydroxylated analogues of epibatidine SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; ANTINOCICEPTIVE PROPERTIES; BINDING-PROPERTIES; POISON FROG; AGONIST; ISOMERS; 2-AZABICYCLO<2.2.1>HEPT-5-ENE; (+/-)-EPIBATIDINE; HOMOEPIBATIDINE; DERIVATIVES AB A convenient, high-yield synthesis of N-Boc-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one (7) was developed by SmI2-mediated desulfonylation of 6. Thus, 5-endo-, 5-exo-, 6-endo-, and 6-exo-hydroxylated epibatidine analogues 2a,b and 3a,b were synthesized from 7 by using a Pd(PPh3)(4)-catalyzed reductive Heck coupling reaction and SmI2-mediated reduction of the carbonyl group as the key steps. Other reaction conditions for the reductive Heck procedure and the reduction step were also investigated. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Dept Neurol, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM kozikowa@georgetown.edu NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 2003 VL 44 IS 19 BP 3847 EP 3850 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00737-8 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 673GX UT WOS:000182573300028 ER PT J AU Wynne, JH Jensen, SD Snow, AW AF Wynne, JH Jensen, SD Snow, AW TI Facile one-pot synthesis of S-alkyl thiocarbamates SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE CARBONYLATION ROUTES; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; CARBON-MONOXIDE AB We report a novel one-pot two-step synthesis of a variety of S-alkyl thiocarbamates. This method offers a two-directional approach making use of trichloroacetyl chloride, requires no complex starting material, incorporates a variety of substituents, and proceeds in high yields. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jwynne@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAY 2 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 BP 3733 EP 3735 DI 10.1021/jo026813i PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 672PB UT WOS:000182528600058 PM 12713391 ER PT J AU Crain, JN Kirakosian, A Altmann, KN Bromberger, C Erwin, SC McChesney, JL Lin, JL Himpsel, FJ AF Crain, JN Kirakosian, A Altmann, KN Bromberger, C Erwin, SC McChesney, JL Lin, JL Himpsel, FJ TI Fractional band filling in an atomic chain structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-CHARGE SEPARATION; DENSITY-WAVE; SURFACE-STATE; HUBBARD-MODEL; INSULATOR; RECONSTRUCTION; PHOTOEMISSION; CONDUCTORS; METAL AB A new chain structure of Au is found on stepped Si(111) which exhibits a 1/4-filled band and a pair of greater than or equal to1/2-filled bands with a combined filling of 4/3. Band dispersions and Fermi surfaces for Si(553)-Au are obtained by photoemission and compared to that of Si(557)-Au. The dimensionality of both systems is determined using a tight binding fit. The fractional band filling makes it possible to preserve metallicity in the presence of strong correlations. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013 OI McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088 NR 33 TC 174 Z9 174 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 2 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 17 AR 176805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.176805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 673WT UT WOS:000182603800039 PM 12786093 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Sekula, M Pawlus, S Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J Roland, CM AF Paluch, M Sekula, M Pawlus, S Rzoska, SJ Ziolo, J Roland, CM TI Test of the Einstein-Debye relation in supercooled dibutylphthalate at pressures up to 1.4 GPa SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; TRANSITION; VISCOSITY; DIFFUSION; PHTHALATE; DYNAMICS AB Broadband dielectric measurements were carried out on di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) under isothermal conditions at hydrostatic pressures up to 1.6 GPa. A comparison of the dielectric relaxation times with the viscosity revealed that no breakdown of the Einstein-Debye relation is induced by high compression. This absence of any decoupling is attributed to the weak intermolecular cooperativity of DBP and its negligible change with pressure. Because of the latter, the dielectric spectra conform to time-pressure superpositioning. C1 Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 2 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 17 AR 175702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.175702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 673WT UT WOS:000182603800028 PM 12786082 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ Bian, LG Wang, JX Lu, LG AF Gao, ZQ Bian, LG Wang, JX Lu, LG TI Discussion on calculation methods of sensible heat flux during GAME/Tibet in 1998 SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sensible heat flux; heat conduction; adverse gradient transference; SiB2; energy imbalance ID REGIONAL SURFACE FLUXES; BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; TALL VEGETATION; AIR EXCHANGE; ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; RADIATION AB Based on previous research on sensible heat flux, we investigate it from different aspects using GAME/Tibet data measured during 6 June-13 September, 1998. This work consists of the derivation of the surface heat flux equation, analysis on counter-gradient heat transference, comparison between two different methods to compute the sensible heat flux, and investigation on the calculation scheme of sensible heat flux in the Simple Biosphere model 2 (SiB2) with relevant simulation. By improving two previous formulations, an integrated formulation for calculating surface heat flux is given. Secondly, using the measured data, the counter-gradient heat flux is clarified, leading to the fact that buoyancy plays an important role in the sensible heat transfer process. It is concluded that (1) energy imbalance is a common phenomenon resulting from the use of the traditional closure scheme on the heterogeneous underlying surface because the measured ensemble heat fluxes by eddy correlation contain the effect of nonlocal parcel movements; and (2) nonlocal parcel movement deserves more attention in any future heat flux study. C1 Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 20 IS 3 BP 357 EP 368 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 685KC UT WOS:000183261300006 ER PT J AU Schilling, AS Abaye, AO Griffey, CA Brann, DE Alley, MM Pridgen, TH AF Schilling, AS Abaye, AO Griffey, CA Brann, DE Alley, MM Pridgen, TH TI Adaptation and performance of winter durum wheat in Virginia SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Use of Soil Electrical Conductivity in Precision Agriculture CY NOV 08, 2000 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA AB Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) produced in the northern Great Plains and the Pacific Southwest of the United States is primarily of spring growth habit. The objective of this research was to determine the feasibility of winter durum production in Virginia, typically a soft red winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) production area. Adaptation and yield potential of 19 winter durmn lines were evaluated at locations in different regions of Virginia: the northern piedmont plateau (1995-1998), the northern ridge and valley (1995-1998), the southern ridge and valley (1995-1998), and the northern coastal plain (19961998). Durum lines were planted in replicated trials along with soft red winter wheat in late September to early October and harvested in late June to early July, depending on location. Durum yields were highest and the yield advantage of soft red winter wheat lowest in the 1996-1997 growing season, which was drier than the 1995-1996 and 1997-1998 growing seasons. The highest yields and test weights of durum wheat were obtained at the northern Piedmont plateau location. Winter durum lines from the Ukraine were best adapted to the Virginia climate. Winter durum yields averaged 30 to 40% less than soft red winter wheat. Test weights of most durum lines met the required minimum for grade U.S. no. 2 or better only in 1997. The results demonstrate that durum production in Virginia is possible, but inconsistencies in yield and test weight indicate that durum may be a relatively high-risk alternative to soft red winter wheat production. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Abaye, AO (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 95 IS 3 BP 642 EP 651 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 685HJ UT WOS:000183256300020 ER PT J AU Chandrasekhara, MS Wilder, MC AF Chandrasekhara, MS Wilder, MC TI Heat-flux gauge studies of compressible dynamic stall SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences and Exhibit Conferene CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID AIRFOIL; FLOWFIELD AB Compressible dynamic stall was studied using 148 closely spaced heat-flux gauges distributed over the surface of an oscillating, 15.24-cm chord NACA 0012 airfoil. The study has revealed the various surface flow features of compressible dynamic stall. These include the rapid movement of the transition onset point over the airfoil upper surface on the upstroke with increasing angle of attack, the signature of the convecting dynamic-stall vortex, and the relaminarization of the reattaching shear layer on the downstroke. The imprint of a leading-edge shock has been captured for the first time in the surface flow signature. Even though compressible dynamic stall can originate from several causes depending upon flow conditions, the study led to the conclusion that a deterministic precursor of dynamic-stall onset is a sharp rise in the surface shear stress in the leading-edge adverse pressure gradient region, which is a common and singular How feature at all conditions tested. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chandrasekhara, MS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 260-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.2514/2.2019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 678LW UT WOS:000182869500001 ER PT J AU Goodman, RJB Maier, M Moore, RL AF Goodman, RJB Maier, M Moore, RL TI Regional workshops to improve the teaching skills of economics faculty SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 115th Annual Meeting of the American-Economic-Association CY JAN 03-05, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP American Economic Assoc C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Glendale Community Coll, Dept Econ, Glendale, CA 91208 USA. Occidental Coll, Dept Econ, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. RP Goodman, RJB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 460 EP 462 DI 10.1257/000282803321947524 PG 3 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 687CC UT WOS:000183357400080 ER PT J AU Vranjican, MK AF Vranjican, MK TI Pharmacy as a medical specialty SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL 32215 USA. RP Vranjican, MK (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL 32215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 60 IS 9 BP 954 EP 955 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 675NE UT WOS:000182700800020 ER PT J AU Westphal, RJ AF Westphal, RJ TI Remember the Maine! Remember the men! SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Nurses Corp, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Westphal, RJ (reprint author), USN, Nurses Corp, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 103 IS 5 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 676YU UT WOS:000182780800039 PM 12759612 ER PT J AU Szurkus, DC Harrison, TA AF Szurkus, DC Harrison, TA TI Loop excision for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on cytology: Correlation with colposcopic and histologic findings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; colposcopy; loop electrosurgical excision procedure; dysplasia; treatment AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the correlation between colposcopic and histologic findings in patients who have undergone loop electrosurgical excision of the cervix (LEEP) for high-grade dysplasia on cytology without prior colposcopically directed biopsy. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent LEEP for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) on Papanicolaou (Pap) smear without a prior cervical biopsy over a 17-month period. We correlated the histologic result with colposcopic findings at the time of LEEP. RESULTS: Of 104 patients undergoing LEER 63 patients (61%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or greater. Thirty-four (54%) of these 63 patients with histologically proved high-grade dysplasia had a normal or low-grade colposcopic examination. There were 10 patients with CIN 1 to CIN 1-2 and 1 patient with microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Despite lack of correlation between colposcopic and histologic results, HGSIL on Pap smear is an appropriate indication for LEEP. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Szurkus, DC (reprint author), PSC 1003,Box 8, FPO, AE 09728 USA. NR 4 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 188 IS 5 BP 1180 EP 1182 DI 10.1067/mob.2003.282 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 681QN UT WOS:000183047000017 PM 12748471 ER PT J AU Price, JF AF Price, JF TI Dimensional analysis of models and data sets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Dimensional analysis is a widely applicable and sometimes very powerful technique that is demonstrated here in a study of the simple, viscous pendulum. The first and crucial step of dimensional analysis is to define a suitably idealized representation of a phenomenon by listing the relevant variables, called the physical model. The second step is to learn the consequences of the physical model and the general principle that complete equations are independent of the choice of units. The calculation that follows yields a basis set of nondimensional variables. The final step is to interpret the nondimensional basis set in the light of observations or existing theory, and if necessary to modify the basis set to maximize its utility. One strategy is to nondimensionalize the dependent variable by a scaling estimate. The remaining nondimensional variables can then be formed in ways that define aspect ratios or that correspond to the ratio of terms in a governing equation. (C) 2003 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Price, JF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 322OM,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 71 IS 5 BP 437 EP 447 DI 10.1119/1.1533057 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 670BC UT WOS:000182386500008 ER PT J AU Marquino, W Huilca, M Calampa, C Falconi, E Cabezas, C Naupay, R Ruebush, TK AF Marquino, W Huilca, M Calampa, C Falconi, E Cabezas, C Naupay, R Ruebush, TK TI Efficacy of mefloquine and a mefloquine-artesunate combination therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Amazon Basin of Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; BIOEQUIVALENCE; TABLET AB In the Amazon Basin of Peru, more than 50% of patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria fail to respond to treatment with chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. To assist the National Malaria Control Program in identifying an alternative first-line therapy for this region, we conducted a trial of the safety and efficacy of mefloquine (MQ) compared with mefloquine-artesunate (MQ-AS) combination therapy. Patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum infections between the ages of 5 and 50 years were randomly assigned to be treated with either MQ (15 mg/kg in a single oral dose) or MQ (15 mg/kg) plus AS (4 mg/kg/day for three days). A total of 98 patients were enrolled and followed for 28 days. None of the 47 patients who received MQ alone or the 51 patients who received MQ-AS combination therapy had recurrences of parasitemia during the 28-day follow-up period. Asexual parasite densities decreased significantly more rapidly and the proportion of patients with gametocytes was significantly lower on days 3-21 in the MQ-AS group than in patients treated with MQ alone. All patients tolerated the medication well. Based on the results of this study and with the objective of slowing the development of resistance, the Peruvian Ministry of Health has decided to revise its malaria treatment policy and recommend combination therapy with MQ-AS as the new first-line treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the Amazon region. C1 Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. Direcc Salud Loreto Minist Salud, Iquitos, Peru. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lima, Peru. RP Ruebush, TK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 681QX UT WOS:000183047800024 PM 12812355 ER PT J AU Sniezek, PJ Graham, BS Busch, HB Lederman, ER Lim, ML Poggemyer, K Kao, A Mizrahi, M Washabaugh, G Yakrus, M Winthrop, K AF Sniezek, PJ Graham, BS Busch, HB Lederman, ER Lim, ML Poggemyer, K Kao, A Mizrahi, M Washabaugh, G Yakrus, M Winthrop, K TI Rapidly growing mycobacterial infections after pedicures SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORTUITUM INFECTION; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; SKIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; ABSCESSUS; CHELONAE; SURGERY AB Background: Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) can cause a variety of cutaneous and systemic diseases. The causative organisms are typically Mycobacterium fortuitum or Mycobacterium chelonae (also known as Mycobacterium abscessus). Primary cutaneous lesions may develop after a variable latent period, from weeks to several months, and usually result from direct inoculation after trauma, from injections, or during surgery via contaminated medical instruments. Recently, investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, and the California Department of Health Services, Berkeley, documented a large, unprecedented outbreak of community-acquired RGM infection, during which more than 100 patrons of a northern California nail salon contracted furunculosis in their legs as a result of exposure to whirlpool footbaths that were contaminated with M fortuitum. Observations: We report the clinical and epidemiological findings in 3 cases of lower extremity RGM infections,that occurred after similar whirlpool footbath exposure at several different nail salons in southern California. These infections typically presented as recurrent furunculosis, causing considerable morbidity as a result of scarring, delayed diagnosis, and the need for long-term polymicrobial therapy. Conclusions: Rapidly growing mycobacterial infections related to pedicures may continue to occur in a sporadic fashion. Clinicians should consider the possibility of RGM infection and inquire about recent pedicures in a patient with recurrent lower extremity furunculosis and abscesses that are unresponsive to conventional antibiotic therapy. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Air Stn, Dept Flight Surg, Pensacola, FL USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Div Community Epidemiol, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacterial Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Graham, BS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Code CDA,34800 Bod Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 24 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 139 IS 5 BP 629 EP 634 DI 10.1001/archderm.139.5.629 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 678JH UT WOS:000182863400010 PM 12756100 ER PT J AU Buccolo, LS Moore, TK AF Buccolo, LS Moore, TK TI Duct tape occlusion for common warts: Is effectiveness overestimated? SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TRIALS C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Buccolo, LS (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 157 IS 5 BP 491 EP 491 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 675FX UT WOS:000182684000021 ER PT J AU Hummel, CA Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, JT Hindsley, RB Gilbreath, GC Rickard, LJ White, NM AF Hummel, CA Benson, JA Hutter, DJ Johnston, KJ Mozurkewich, D Armstrong, JT Hindsley, RB Gilbreath, GC Rickard, LJ White, NM TI First observations with a co-phased six-station optical long-baseline array: Application to the triple star eta Virginis SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; binaries : visual; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (eta Virginis); techniques : interferometric ID RELATIVE ORIENTATION; ANGULAR DIAMETER; INTERFEROMETER; ORBITS; SPECKLE; MASSES; DESIGN; SCALE AB We report on the first successful simultaneous combination of six independent optical telescopes in an interferometric array. This is double the number of independent telescopes, and 5 times the number of independent baselines, heretofore combined simultaneously. This was accomplished with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer at Lowell Observatory, near Flagsta., Arizona. We describe the main technologies demonstrated, including hybrid six-way beam combination, nonredundant multiple optical path modulation for fringe separation, and the fringe detection electronics. To test the array's suitability for high-resolution stellar imaging, we observed the hierarchical triple star eta Virginis, and we present the first images resolving all three components. The orbital motions of these stars were followed during winter and spring of 2002. Preliminary, astrometrically determined orbits of the two components in the close pair by reference to the tertiary were derived. This enabled the estimation of the mass ratio (1.27) of the components in the close pair. We also determined the relative orbital inclination to be 31degrees. Future work needed to improve the calibration of the data is discussed. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Prototype Opt Interferometer, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 24 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 125 IS 5 BP 2630 EP 2644 DI 10.1086/374572 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 669VU UT WOS:000182371800027 ER PT J AU Assafin, M Zacharias, N Rafferty, TJ Zacharias, MI Neto, DND Andrei, AH Martins, RV AF Assafin, M Zacharias, N Rafferty, TJ Zacharias, MI Neto, DND Andrei, AH Martins, RV TI Optical positions of ICRF sources using UCAC reference stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; quasars : general; reference systems ID REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; CATALOG; RADIO AB New optical positions on the 30 mas precision level have been obtained for 172 extragalactic International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) sources mainly in the range -30degrees less than or equal to delta less than or equal to +25degrees. Results are presented from a pilot investigation including four Cerro Tololo (CTIO) 0.9 m runs (1999-2001). Reference stars in the R approximate to 10-16.5 mag range from a preliminary US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) are used. Systematic errors have been investigated, and a field distortion pattern based on the residuals has been removed. The errors of the fainter stars in the CTIO data were assessed by evaluating an auxiliary set of CCD observations of common ICRF sources, taken at the 1.60 m Cassegrain telescope of the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica, Brazil. A significant improvement in the optical positions was achieved over a previous determination of source positions. The mean optical positions are compared with the ICRF radio positions. The overall optical minus radio offsets are -6 and -15 mas for right ascension and declination, respectively. The formal internal error of these mean offsets is approximate to2.3 mas. This indicates a possible systematic error in the UCAC declinations of approximate to10 to 15 mas. Both the optical counterpart observations and the optical reference stars are observed about 9 yr after the Hipparcos mean epoch, and our results set an upper limit for a possible Hipparcos system rotation with respect to the International Celestial Reference System for the z-axis of about 0.7 mas yr(-1). C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Observ Valongo, BR-20080090 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Nacl, MCT, BR-24280410 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Assafin, M (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Observ Valongo, Ladeira Pedro Antonio 43, BR-20080090 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Assafin, Marcelo/C-3188-2013 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 125 IS 5 BP 2728 EP 2739 DI 10.1086/374630 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 669VU UT WOS:000182371800034 ER PT J AU Aschwanden, MJ Schrijver, CJ Winebarger, AR Warren, HP AF Aschwanden, MJ Schrijver, CJ Winebarger, AR Warren, HP TI A new method to constrain the iron abundance from cooling delays in coronal loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; SOLAR CORONA; TRACE; DYNAMICS; PLASMAS AB Recent observations with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer reveal that the time delay between the appearance of a cooling loop in different EUV temperature filters is proportional to the loop length, Deltat(1/2) proportional to L. We model this cooling delay in terms of radiative loss and confirm this linear relationship theoretically. We derive an expression that can be used to constrain the coronal iron enhancement alpha(Fe) = A(Fe)(cor)/A(Fe)(ph) relative to the photospheric value as function of the cooling delay Deltat(1/2), , flux F-2, loop width w, and filling factor q(w) less than or equal to 1. With this relation, we find upper limits on the iron abundance enhancement of alphaFe less than or equal to 4.8 +/- 1.7 for 10 small-scale nanoflare loops, and alpha(Fe) less than or equal to 1.4 +/- 0.4 for five large-scale loops, in the temperature range of T approximate to 1.0-1.4 MK. This result supports the previous finding that low first ionization potential elements, including Fe, are enhanced in the corona. The same relation constitutes also a lower limit for the filling factor, which is q(w) greater than or equal to 0.2 +/- 0.1 and q(w) greater than or equal to 0.8 +/- 0.2 for the two groups of coronal loops. C1 Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Dept L9 41, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Dept L9 41, Bldg 252,3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM aschwanden@lmsal.com NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 588 IS 1 BP L49 EP L52 DI 10.1086/375525 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 671EG UT WOS:000182451900013 ER PT J AU Muth, ER Lawson, B AF Muth, ER Lawson, B TI Using flight simulators aboard ships: Human side effects of an optimal scenario with smooth seas SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE simulator sickness; motion sickness; sea sickness; cybersickness; motion adaptation syndrome; un-coupled motion; deployable simulators; embedded simulators; virtual environments ID MOTION SICKNESS; NAUSEA AB Introduction: The U.S. Navy is considering placing flight simulators aboard ships. It is known that certain types of flight simulators can elicit, motion adaptation syndrome (MAS), and also that certain types of ship motion can cause MAS. The goal of this study was to determine if using a flight simulator during ship motion would cause MAS, even when the simulator stimulus and the ship motion were both very mild. Methods. All participants in this study completed three conditions. Condition I (Sim) entailed "flying" a personal computer-based flight simulator situated on land. Condition 2 (Ship) involved riding aboard a U.S. Navy Yard Patrol boat. Condition 3 (ShipSim) entailed "flying" a personal computer-based flight simulator while riding aboard a Yard Patrol boat. Before and after each condition, participants' balance and dynamic visual acuity were assessed. After each condition, participants filled out the Nausea Profile and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. Results. Following exposure to a flight simulator aboard a ship, participants reported negligible symptoms of nausea and simulator sickness. However, participants exhibited a decrease in dynamic visual acuity after exposure to the flight simulator aboard ship (T[25] = 3.61, p < 0.05). Balance results were confounded by significant learning and, therefore, not interpretable. Discussion: This study suggests that flight simulators can be used aboard ship. As a minimal safety precaution, these simulators should be used according to current safety practices for land-based simulators. Optimally, these simulators should be designed to minimize MAS, located near the ship's center of rotation and used when ship motion is not provocative. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, NAS, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Muth, ER (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Psychol, 410J Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 74 IS 5 BP 497 EP 505 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 673YH UT WOS:000182608300001 PM 12751576 ER PT J AU Bodo, M Pearce, FJ Montgomery, LD Rosenthal, M Kubinyi, G Thuroczy, G Braisted, J Forcino, D Morrissette, C Nagy, I AF Bodo, M Pearce, FJ Montgomery, LD Rosenthal, M Kubinyi, G Thuroczy, G Braisted, J Forcino, D Morrissette, C Nagy, I TI Measurement of brain electrical impedance: Animal studies in rheoencephalography SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cerebral blood flow; cerebral blood volume; rheoencephalogram ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; AUTOREGULATION; RESUSCITATION; PHYSIOLOGY; HEMORRHAGE; THERAPY; FLUID AB Introduction: In spite of the known importance of cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring for aviation, spaceflight, military and emergency medicine, and neurosurgical intra- and postoperative monitoring, there is no standard noninvasive technique for continuous CBF monitoring. One potential method for this purpose is the electrical impedance technique, called rheoencephalography (REG). The development of improved electronics and computation tools has done much to overcome the difficulties of REG measurement. REG technology now has possibilities for application to the fields mentioned above. Hypothesis: Our hypothesis was that REG would reflect CBF changes. Methods: Three experimental studies were undertaken to further define in vivo (rat, pig) CBF measurements by analysis of REG pulse waves. CO2 inhalation (4-20%), brain electrical stimulation, and aorta compression (5 min) were the applied CBF manipulations. In the case of aorta compression, global CBF was measured by REG, and local CBF by the laser Doppler method. Data were digitized and processed off-line. Results: During CO2 inhalation and electrical stimulation of the brain, REG amplitude increased, indicating increased cerebral fluid volume. A linear relationship was established between CO2 concentration and REG peak amplitude (correlation coefficient: 0.88, p = 0.05), and the ascending portion of the curve (0.88, p = 0.05). During aorta compression, systemic arterial pressure increased (p = 0.008), and REG amplitude decreased (-23.75%, p = 0.01). Conclusion: These studies have confirmed the REG amplitude changes during known CBF manipulations. The difference between local and global CBF response demonstrated CBF autoregulation and heterogeneity. Together, these studies indicate the usefulness and potential benefit of computerized REG monitoring for the above-mentioned fields. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resusciat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Lockheed Martin, Moffett Field, CA USA. Natl Res Inst Radiobiol & Radiohyg, Budapest, Hungary. USN, Med Res Inst, AR Behnke Diving Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Kalman Kando Tech Coll, Budapest, Hungary. RP Bodo, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resusciat Med, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 1N46, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 74 IS 5 BP 506 EP 511 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 673YH UT WOS:000182608300002 PM 12751577 ER PT J AU Farley, JH Hickey, KW Carlson, JW Rose, GS Kost, ER Harrison, TA AF Farley, JH Hickey, KW Carlson, JW Rose, GS Kost, ER Harrison, TA TI Adenosquamous histology predicts a poor outcome for patients with advanced-stage, but not early-stage, cervical carcinoma SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Armed Forces District Meeting CY OCT 19-22, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE adenosquamous; cervix; carcinoma; survival ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; UTERINE CERVIX; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; RADICAL HYSTERECTOMY; I ADENOCARCINOMA; PATTERNS; C-ERBB-2; RECURRENCE; SURVIVAL; FAILURE AB BACKGROUND. The objective of this study was to compare survival between patients with adenocarcinoma and patients with adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix. METHODS. Patients who were diagnosed with invasive cervical carcinoma from 1988 to 1999 were identified from the Automated Central Tumor Registry for the United States Military Health Care System. Clinical data, including race, age at diagnosis, histology, tumor grade, disease stage, lymph node status, treatment modality, and survival, were collected. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS. A total of 273 women were identified, 185 women with a histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma (AC) and 88 women with a diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). Among the women with ASC, only 5% had Grade 1 tumors, and 66% had Grade 3 tumors. By comparison, among the women with AC, 37% had Grade 1 tumors, and 26% had Grade 3 tumors (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the incidence of positive lymph nodes or in the number of patients who underwent radical hysterectomy as primary treatment between patients with ASC and patients with AC. More patients with ASC received radiation therapy (51% vs. 28%) or chemotherapy (29% vs. 12%) as treatment (P < 0.001). Patients who had tumors with ASC histology had a significantly decreased 5-year survival rate compared with patients who had tumors with AC histology (65% vs. 83%; P < 0.002). When patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma. (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] Stage 1) were examined separately, there was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year survival rate (AC, 89%; ASC, 86%; P 0.644). However, when patients with advanced-stage disease (FIGO Stages II-IV) were analyzed, ASC was associated with a significant decrease in median and overall survival (P = 0.01). When the results were analyzed by grade, patients who had tumors with ASC histology had a shorter survival compared with patients who had AC histology of any grade; however, this was a significant difference only for patients with Grade 1 tumors: The 5-year survival rate for patients with Grade 1 AC was 93%, compared with 50% for patients with Grade 1 ASC (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS. ASC histology appears to be an independent predictor of poor outcome in women with cervical carcinoma compared with their counterparts who have pure AC. The significant decrease in survival was observed only in patients with advanced-stage cervical carcinoma. This decreased survival may be related mainly to the grade of ASC. Cancer 2003;97:2196-202. Published (C) 2003 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Farley, JH (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 23 TC 55 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 97 IS 9 BP 2196 EP 2202 DI 10.1002/cncr.11371 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 671BT UT WOS:000182445700011 PM 12712471 ER PT J AU Schoenfeld, P Shad, J Ormseth, E Coyle, W Cash, B Butler, J Schindler, W Kikendall, WJ Furlong, C Sobin, LH Hobbs, CM Cruess, D Rex, D AF Schoenfeld, Philip Shad, Javaid Ormseth, Eric Coyle, Walter Cash, Brooks Butler, James Schindler, William Kikendall, Walter J. Furlong, Christopher Sobin, Leslie H. Hobbs, Christine M. Cruess, David Rex, Douglas CA Mil Colorectal Canc Screening Tria TI Predictive Value of Diminutive Colonic Adenoma Trial: The PREDICT Trial SO CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background & Aims: Diminutive adenomas (1-9 mm in diameter) are frequently found during colon cancer screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS). This trial assessed the predictive value of these diminutive adenomas for advanced adenomas in the proximal colon. Methods: In a multicenter, prospective cohort trial, we matched 200 patients with normal FS and 200 patients with diminutive adenomas on FS for age and gender. All patients underwent colonoscopy. The presence of advanced adenomas (adenoma >= 10 mm in diameter, villous adenoma, adenoma with high grade dysplasia, and colon cancer) and adenomas (any size) was recorded. Before colonoscopy, patients completed questionnaires about risk factors for adenomas. Results: The prevalence of advanced adenomas in the proximal colon was similar in patients with diminutive adenomas and patients with normal FS (6% vs. 5.5%, respectively) (relative risk, 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-2.6). Diminutive adenomas on FS did not accurately predict advanced adenomas in the proximal colon: sensitivity, 52% (95% CI, 32%-72%); specificity, 50% (95% CI, 49%-51%); positive predictive value, 6% (95% CI, 4%-8%); and negative predictive value, 95% (95% CI, 92%-97%). Male gender (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01-2.61) was associated with an increased risk of proximal colon adenomas. Conclusions: Diminutive adenomas on sigmiodoscopy may not accurately predict advanced adenomas in the proximal colon. C1 [Schoenfeld, Philip] Univ Michigan, Div Gastroenterol, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Schoenfeld, Philip] VA Ctr Practice Management & Outcomes Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Cash, Brooks; Butler, James] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Gastroenterol, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Ormseth, Eric; Cash, Brooks; Butler, James; Kikendall, Walter J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Shad, Javaid; Schindler, William] USN, Div Gastroenterol, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ormseth, Eric; Kikendall, Walter J.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Coyle, Walter; Furlong, Christopher] USN, Div Gastroenterol, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. [Sobin, Leslie H.; Hobbs, Christine M.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Hepat & Gastrointestinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Cruess, David] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Rex, Douglas] Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Rex, Douglas] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Schoenfeld, P (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gastroenterol, Sch Med, VAMC 111-D,2215 Fuller Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM pssmd@aol.com FU American College of Gastroenterology; American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy; American Digestive Health Foundation; NIDDK [K-23-DK-60040-01] FX Supported by grants from the American College of Gastroenterology, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and American Digestive Health Foundation.; Dr. Schoenfeld's research is supported by an NIDDK Career Development Award, K-23-DK-60040-01. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1542-3565 J9 CLIN GASTROENTEROL H JI Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 1 IS 3 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1053/jcgh.2003.50029 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA V19KG UT WOS:000208070700008 PM 15017491 ER PT J AU Gorgas, TJ Kim, GY Park, SC Wilkens, RH Kim, DC Lee, GH Seo, YK AF Gorgas, TJ Kim, GY Park, SC Wilkens, RH Kim, DC Lee, GH Seo, YK TI Evidence for gassy sediments on the inner shelf of SE Korea from geoacoustic properties SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acoustic properties; attenuation; bubbles; core analysis; gassy sediments; SE Korea shelf ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; IN-SITU; ECKERNFORDE BAY; BALTIC SEA; VELOCITY PROFILES; SHALLOW GAS; ATTENUATION; SOUND; VARIABILITY AB The inner shelf of SE Korea is characterized by an up to 40 m thick blanket of soft sediments often characterized by acoustic turbidity (AT). This AT is caused by a layer of sub-surface gas, which prohibits the identification of geological structures below that gas layer. Sound speeds were measured directly in these sediments using the Acoustic Lance (AL) in both mid- and late-September 1999. In situ sound speeds obtained in mid-September varied between 1400 and 1550 m/s, and thus did not confirm the presence of gas within the top 3.5 m of the seafloor. However, signal waveforms suggested that a gassy layer might have been just below the depth penetrated by the Lance. In late-September, on the other hand, two sites showed an abrupt decrease in signal amplitudes and in sound speed (less than 800 m/s) at depths as shallow as 2 m below seafloor, indicating the presence of free gas bubbles. Piston-cored sediments were retrieved at the same sites in February 1999. X-radiographs of some of the cores revealed numerous microcracks caused by the expansion of gas bubbles during core retrieval. In contrast to in situ acoustic data, ultrasonic sound speeds acquired in the laboratory in May 1999 on those cores did not differentiate convincingly between gas-bearing and gas-free sediments. Our measurements on the SE Korean shelf with the AL provide new data on the in situ acoustic behavior of gassy sediments and the sediments that overlie them in zones of AT. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Explorat Engn, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kunsan 573701, South Korea. RP Gorgas, TJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, POST Bldg 109,1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 23 IS 8 BP 821 EP 834 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00026-8 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 682KZ UT WOS:000183091900004 ER PT J AU Parrish, JS Amundson, DE AF Parrish, JS Amundson, DE TI Is there an "ACE" in the hole for postcoronary artery bypass graft myocardial dysfunction? SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE angiotensin-converting enzyme; hypertension; enalaprilate ID IMPACT C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Parrish, JS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1591 EP 1591 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000063049.88107.02 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 680ME UT WOS:000182981300055 PM 12771645 ER PT J AU Michael, TS Quint, T AF Michael, TS Quint, T TI Sphere of influence graphs and the L-infinity-metric SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE sphere of influence graph; proximity graph; intersection graph ID OF-INFLUENCE GRAPHS AB We introduce sphere of influence graphs (SIGs) in the L-infinity-metric and study their elementary properties. We argue that SIGs defined with the L-infinity-metric are superior to Euclidean SIGs of Toussaint in capturing low-level perceptual information in certain dot patterns. Every graph without isolated vertices is a SIG in the L-infinity-metric for all sufficiently high dimensions, and this allows us to define a graphical parameter, the SIG-dimension, that is akin to boxicity. We determine the SIG-dimensions for some classes of graphs and obtain inequalities for others. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Math, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Michael, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 127 IS 3 BP 447 EP 460 AR PII S0166-218X(02)00246-9 DI 10.1016/S0166-218X(02)00246-9 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 680FX UT WOS:000182966600004 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Yousseg, FG Luby, SP Wasfy, MO Rangel, JM Taalat, M Oun, SA Mahoney, FJ AF Crump, JA Yousseg, FG Luby, SP Wasfy, MO Rangel, JM Taalat, M Oun, SA Mahoney, FJ TI Estimating the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in developing countries SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; ANTIBIOTIC USE; BONE-MARROW; DIAGNOSIS; VACCINE; URINE; MANAGEMENT AB To measure the incidence of typhoid fever and other febrile illnesses in Bilbeis District, Egypt, we conducted a household survey to determine patterns of health seeking among persons with fever. Then we established surveillance for 4 months among a representative sample of health providers who saw febrile patients. Health providers collected epidemiologic information and blood (for culture and serologic testing) from eligible patients. After adjusting for the provider sampling scheme, test sensitivity, and seasonality, we estimated that the incidence of typhoid fever was 13/100,000 persons per year, and the incidence of brucellosis was 18/100,000 persons per year in the district. This surveillance tool could have wide applications for surveillance for febrile illness in developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop A38,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2003 VL 9 IS 5 BP 539 EP 544 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 673FN UT WOS:000182569700005 PM 12737736 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Wei, JF Collins, GE Morris, RE Serino, PM Guo, Y AF Lu, Q Wei, JF Collins, GE Morris, RE Serino, PM Guo, Y TI Rapid determination of dissolved copper in jet fuels using bathocuproine SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AB To meet the need for a portable field test kit for the accurate determination of trace levels of dissolved copper in jet fuel, a spectrophotometric-based approach has been developed. A combination of a metal complexation ligand (bathocuproine), reducing agent (ascorbic acid), and solubilizing agent (ethanol) is introduced directly to jet fuel samples emanating from a number of different sources and handling histories, and the total copper content is accurately determined. The detection limits, based on a signal/noise ratio of 3:1, were 6.2 mug/L with a benchtop dual beam spectrophotometer and 7.5 mug/L with a portable, fiber optic spectrometer. Since bathocuproine, itself, has some reducing capability, the concentration of Cu(I) in these jet fuels could not be differentiated from the concentration of Cu(II). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Geocenters Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Def Energy Support Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1021/ef0202642 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 682JY UT WOS:000183089500027 ER PT J AU Gentile, CA Fan, HM Hartfield, JW Hawryluk, RJ Hegeler, F Heitzenroeder, PJ Jun, CH Ku, LP LaMarche, PH Myers, MC Parker, JJ Parsells, RF Payen, M Raftopoulos, S Sethian, JD AF Gentile, CA Fan, HM Hartfield, JW Hawryluk, RJ Hegeler, F Heitzenroeder, PJ Jun, CH Ku, LP LaMarche, PH Myers, MC Parker, JJ Parsells, RF Payen, M Raftopoulos, S Sethian, JD TI Development of a silicon-based electron beam transmission window for use in a KrF excimer laser system SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Atomic Energy Agency Technical Meeting CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE KrF laser; electron transmission; hibachi window AB Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory, is currently investigating various novel materials (single-crystal silicon, (100), (110), and (111)) for use as electron beam transmission windows in a krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser system. The primary function of the window is to isolate the active medium (excimer gas) from the excitation mechanism (field-emission diodes). The chosen window geometry must accommodate electron energy transfer >80% (750 keV) while maintaining the structural integrity during the mechanical load (1.3- to 2.0-atm base pressure differential, similar to0.5-atm cyclic pressure amplitude, 5-Hz repetition rate) and the thermal load across the entire hibachi area (similar to0.9 W.cm(-2)). In addition, the window must be chemically resistant to attack by fluorine free radicals (hydrofluoric acid, secondary). In accordance with these structural, functional, and operational parameters, a 22.4-mm square silicon prototype window, coated with 500-nm thin-film silicon nitride (Si3N4), has been fabricated. The window consists of 81 square panes 0.019 +/- 0.001 mm thick. The stiffened (orthogonal) sections are 0.065 mm wide and 0.500 mm thick (approximate). Assessment of silicon (and silicon nitride) material properties and computer-aided design modeling/analysis of the window design suggest that silicon may be a viable solution to inherent parameters and constraints. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gentile, CA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 667JT UT WOS:000182229000024 ER PT J AU Nelson, DA Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Emerton, KB Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Johnson, LR Mason, PA AF Nelson, DA Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Emerton, KB Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Johnson, LR Mason, PA TI Inter-species extrapolation of skin heating resulting from millimeter wave irradiation: Modeling and experimental results SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation, non-ionizing; skin dose; modeling, dose assessment; radiation damage ID BLOOD-FLOW; THERMAL BALANCE; THERMOREGULATION; HYPERTHERMIA AB This study reports measurements of the skin surface temperature elevations during localized irradiation (94 GHz) of three species: rat (irradiated on lower abdomen), rhesus monkey (posterior forelimb), and human (posterior forearm). Two exposure conditions were examined: prolonged, low power density microwaves (LPM) and short-term, high power density microwaves (HPM). Temperature histories were compared with calculations from a bio-heat transfer model. The mean peak surface temperature increase was approximately 7.0degreesC for the short-term HPM exposures for all three species/locations, and 8.5degreesC (monkey, human) to 10.5degreesC (rat) for the longer-duration LPM exposures. The HPM temperature histories are in close agreement with a one-dimensional conduction heat transfer model with negligible blood flow. The LPM temperature histories were compared with calculations from the bio-heat model, evaluated for various (constant) blood flow rates. Results suggest a variable blood flow model, reflecting a dynamic thermoregulatory response, may be more suited to describing skin surface temperature response under long-duration MMW irradiation. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Nelson, DA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM danelson@mtu.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 84 IS 5 BP 608 EP 615 DI 10.1097/00004032-200305000-00006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 668AZ UT WOS:000182269300006 PM 12747480 ER PT J AU Hight, NG McFadden, SL Henderson, D Burkard, RF Nicotera, T AF Hight, NG McFadden, SL Henderson, D Burkard, RF Nicotera, T TI Noise-induced hearing loss in chinchillas pre-treated with glutathione monoethylester and R-PIA SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE noise-induced hearing loss; protection; glutathione ID ADENOSINE RECEPTORS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ACOUSTIC TRAUMA; DAMAGE; COCHLEA; EXPOSURE; RADICALS; REPERFUSION; MONOESTERS; GENERATION AB The protective effects of glutathione monoethylester (GEE) and GEE in combination with R-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) were evaluated in the chinchilla when exposed to impulse (145 dB pSPL) or continuous (105 dB SPL, 4 kHz OB) noise. Six groups of 10 chinchillas were used as subjects. Before exposure to noise, the subjects were anesthetized, a 30 PI drop of drug was placed on the round window (GEE [50, 100, 150 mM], GEE 50 mM and R-PIA). Forty minutes later the subject was exposed to either impulse or continuous noise. The 50 mM treatment provided significant protection from impulse noise, but not from continuous noise exposure. The combination provided significant protection from both the continuous and impulse noise. In a separate set of experiments, glutathione:(GSH) levels were measured in the perilymph. All the drug treatments elevated GSH levels. The results are discussed in terms of antioxidant treatments as a prophylactic measure against noise-induced hearing loss. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Hearing & Deafness, Buffalo, NY 14226 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Communicat Disorders & Sci, Buffalo, NY 14226 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Henderson, D (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Hearing & Deafness, 215 Parker Hall, Buffalo, NY 14226 USA. EM donaldhe@acsu.buffalo.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [1 P01 DC03600-01A1] NR 53 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 179 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0378-5955(03)00067-4 PG 12 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 679ZB UT WOS:000182950900003 PM 12742235 ER PT J AU Echard, R Chang, SC AF Echard, R Chang, SC TI The extended irregular pi-rotation LDPC codes SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE code division multi-access; error correction coding AB In this letter, we extend the class of deterministic pi-rotation low-density parity-check codes to a more flexible irregular pattern. The extended codes maintain the advantages of the classic pi-rotation pattern with easy implementation based on a single vector while providing superb performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Echard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM echard@ssdd.nrl.navy.mil; schang@gmu.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 7 IS 5 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2003.812179 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 680LT UT WOS:000182980200011 ER PT J AU Chen, XY Nabet, B Cola, A Quaranta, F Currie, M AF Chen, XY Nabet, B Cola, A Quaranta, F Currie, M TI An AlGaAs-GaAs-Based RCEMSM photodetector with delta modulation doping SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aiding field; electron cloud; metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM); photodetector; resonant cavity; schottky barrier height ID CURRENT TRANSPORT AB An AlGaAs-GaAs-based resonant-cavity-enhanced, heterostructure metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector with delta modulation doping operating at 850 nm is reported. Delta doping of the top AlGaAs layer produces a confined election cloud and an associated electric field. Photocurrent spectral response shows the delta-doped photodetector has larger spectral response than the undoped one at all wavelengths. The delta-doped device also shows lower dark current and higher photo response coma pared to an undoped one, resulting in over an order of magnitude increase in its dynamic range. Time responses indicate that the doped devices have larger amplitudes but smaller full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) than the undoped ones. The increase in responsivity and speed of response is attributed to the vertical electric field and suitable potential profile in the direction of growth, while the decrease of the dark current is due to the confined electron cloud. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. IMM, CNR, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, XY (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Cola, Adriano/G-2379-2010; Quaranta, Fabio/C-7417-2013 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 312 EP 314 DI 10.1109/LED.2003.812533 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 699PF UT WOS:000184064600009 ER PT J AU Etter, DM AF Etter, DM TI Unexpected paths SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Acad, Fac Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. ONR Distinguished Chair Sci & Technol, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Etter, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Fac Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 20 IS 3 BP 11 EP 13 DI 10.1109/MSP.2003.1203204 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 671ZJ UT WOS:000182495400003 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, R Bhaskaran, H Sandborn, PA Subramanian, G Deeds, MA Cochran, KR AF Swaminathan, R Bhaskaran, H Sandborn, PA Subramanian, G Deeds, MA Cochran, KR TI Reliability assessment of delamination in chip-to-chip bonded MEMS packaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING LA English DT Article DE chip-to-chip bonding; delamination; die shear; MEMS; MEMS packaging; reliability; scanning acoustic microscopy ID DEVICES AB The bond layer is often the weakest link in the reliability of chip packages in the integrated circuit (IC) industry. Micro-electrical-mechanical systems (MEMS) packages are no exception to this trend. This paper presents a nondestructive methodology for determining delamination in chip-to-chip bonded MEMS. Experimental methods are used to determine the adhesive layer strength in samples subjected to environmental testing, and the reliability of the bonding layer is investigated. A simulation is performed using inputs from scanning acoustic microscopy, And simulation model results are correlated with the experimental die shear measurements to establish the validity of the nondestructive methodology for determining adhesive layer strength.. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. Univ Maryland, CALCE Elect Prod & Syst Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Swaminathan, R (reprint author), Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 101 Crawford Corner Rd, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. OI Bhaskaran, Harish/0000-0003-0774-8110 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1521-3323 J9 IEEE T ADV PACKAGING JI IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1109/TADVP.2003.817344 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 725PD UT WOS:000185550800006 ER PT J AU D'Alessandro, M Esteller, R Vachtsevanos, G Hinson, A Echauz, J Litt, B AF D'Alessandro, M Esteller, R Vachtsevanos, G Hinson, A Echauz, J Litt, B TI Epileptic seizure prediction using hybrid feature selection over multiple intracranial EEG electrode contacts: A report of four patients SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE epileptic seizure prediction; feature selection; genetic algorithms; multiple channels and features ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; RECORDINGS; ENTROPY AB Epileptic seizure prediction has steadily evolved from its conception in the 1970s, to proof-of-principle experiments in the late 1980s and 1990s, to its current place as an area of vigorous, clinical and laboratory investigation. As a step toward practical implementation of this technology in humans, we present an individualized method for selecting electroencephalogram (EEG) features and electrode locations for seizure prediction focused on. precursors that occur within ten minutes of electrographic seizure onset. This method applies an intelligent genetic search process to EEG signals simultaneously collected from multiple intracranial electrode contacts and multiple quantitative features derived from these signals. The algorithm is trained on a series of baseline and preseizure records and then validated on other, previously unseen data using split sample validation techniques. The performance of. this method is demonstrated on multiday recordings obtained from four patients implanted with intracranial electrodes during evaluation for epilepsy surgery. An average probability of prediction (or block sensitivity) of 62.5% was achieved in this group, with an average block false positive (FP) rate of 0.2775 FP predictions/h, corresponding to 90.47% specificity. These findings are presented as an example of a method for training, testing and validating a seizure prediction system on data from individual patients. Given the heterogeneity of epilepsy, it is likely that methods of this type will be required to configure intelligent devices for treating epilepsy to each individual's neurophysiology prior to clinical deployment. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NeuroPace Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP D'Alessandro, M (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Bioengn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-62298R01]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01NS041811-01]; OMHHE CDC HHS [R01MN062298-02] NR 52 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 50 IS 5 BP 603 EP 615 DI 10.1109/TBME.2003.810706 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 678ML UT WOS:000182870900008 PM 12769436 ER PT J AU Greiner, MA Fowler, JW Shunk, DL Carlyle, WM McNutt, RT AF Greiner, MA Fowler, JW Shunk, DL Carlyle, WM McNutt, RT TI A hybrid approach using the analytic hierarchy process and integer programming to screen weapon systems projects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE analytic hierarchy process; integer programming; research and development (R&D) management; R&D project selection; weapon systems ID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; PORTFOLIO; SELECTION; MANAGEMENT; DECISION; RISK AB Screening weapon systems development projects is a complex, multicriteria decision problem that must be accomplished within a constrained resource environment. This paper presents a hybrid decision support methodology for use in the screening of weapon systems development projects. The hybrid methodology integrates the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with a 0-1 integer portfolio optimization model. An AHP component allows the decision maker to incorporate qualitative and intangible criteria. into the decision-making process and use the priority rankings of the AHP to represent a measure of value in the 0-1 integer model objective function. The-hybrid methodolpgy is extremely flexible and the decision maker can tailor both the AHP and the 0-1 integer optimization model to represent a specific decision-making situation. To fully appreciate the added value of implementing the hybrid screening methodology, a group of Air Force decision makers applied the hybrid methodology to a realistic weapon-systems project screening activity. Results indicate that decision support provided by the methodology could lead to substantial improvements in a weapon-systems portfolio value. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Greiner, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Fowler, John/E-9426-2011; de Lima, Andreia/G-8040-2014 OI Fowler, John/0000-0002-7112-8031; NR 39 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 192 EP 203 DI 10.1109/TEM.2003.810827 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 686VE UT WOS:000183341000007 ER PT J AU Zhan, HG Lee, ZP Shi, P Chen, CQ Carder, KL AF Zhan, HG Lee, ZP Shi, P Chen, CQ Carder, KL TI Retrieval of water optical properties for optically deep waters using genetic algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ocean color remote sensing; genetic algorithm; water optical property ID COASTAL WATERS; SHALLOW WATERS; OCEAN COLOR; MODEL; OPTIMIZATION; FEASIBILITY; PARAMETERS; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING; SPECTRUM AB Retrieval of water optical properties and concentrations can be identified as a nonlinear optimization problem. This problem may be difficult to solve by conventional optimization methods owing to its multimodel nonconvex nature. This letter explores the potential of genetic algorithms as the optimization scheme in such a problem. A remote sensing reflectance model for optically deep waters was used to illustrate the performance of the algorithms. The superiority of genetic algorithms over conventional optimization methods was demonstrated by experiments on a field dataset. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, China Sea Inst Onceanol S, Key Lab Trop Marine Environm Dynam, LED, Guangzhou 510301, Peoples R China. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Zhan, HG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, China Sea Inst Onceanol S, Key Lab Trop Marine Environm Dynam, LED, Guangzhou 510301, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1128 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.813554 PN 2 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 692PW UT WOS:000183670300005 ER PT J AU Mayer, R Bucholtz, F Scribner, D AF Mayer, R Bucholtz, F Scribner, D TI Object detection by using "whitening/dewhitening" to transform target signatures in multitemporal hyperspectral and multispectral imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE detection performance; detection statistics; end-members; hyperspectral imaging; image processing; linear prediction filters; matched filter; multispectral imaging; target detection AB Changes in atmosphere, ground conditions, scene temperature, solar illumination, and sensor response can significantly affect the detected multispectral and hyperspectral data. Using uncorrected spectral target signatures in spectral matched filter searches therefore results in target detection with concomitant high false-alarm rates due to changes in multispectral and hyperspectral images. This letter introduces the use of the whitening/dewhitening (WD) transform to help correct target spectral signatures under varying conditions. An important feature of this transform is that it does not require subpixel registration between images collected at two distinct times. The transform was tested on images taken from two very different data collects using different sensors, targets, and backgrounds. In one dataset, the transform was applied to hyperspectral images taken from airborne longwave infrared sensor binned to 30 bands and the other data collect used images of a variety of tanks, trucks, calibration panels that were collected using bore-sighted broadband visible, shortwave infrared, midwave infrared, and longwave infrared staring array sensors. Target spectral signatures were transformed using imagery of spatially overlapping regions from datasets; collected at different times and processed using the whitening and then dewhitening transform (inverse of a whitening transform). Use of the WD transform yielded a large target-to-clutter ratio (TCR) and was compared to the TCR derived from other transforms that approximated the cross-co-variance matrix. In addition, the WD-transformed signatures applied in a matched filter search found targets (some concealed behind vegetative foliage or underneath camouflage) with low false-alarm rates as shown in a receiver operator characteristic curve. This letter demonstrates that the WD transform enhances searches for concealed targets in multisensor and hyperspectral data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1136 EP 1142 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.813553 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 692PW UT WOS:000183670300008 ER PT J AU Holper, B Mayer, H Vasudevan, AK Stanzl-Tschegg, SE AF Holper, B Mayer, H Vasudevan, AK Stanzl-Tschegg, SE TI Near threshold fatigue crack growth in aluminium alloys at low and ultrasonic frequency: Influences of specimen thickness, strain rate, slip behaviour and air humidity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; threshold; 2024; 7075; specimen thickness; strain rate; air humidity ID STRESS INTENSITY; WATER-VAPOR; ENVIRONMENT; STEEL; CLOSURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; MECHANICS; GEOMETRY; 7075-T6 AB Near threshold fatigue crack growth in ambient air and in vacuum has been studied with ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment (cycling frequency 20 kHz) and with servo-hydraulic equipment (20 Hz). Aluminium alloy 2024-T3 and 7075, heat treated to promote planar slip (7075-UA) and homogeneous slip (7075-OA), respectively, have been tested at load ratio R = -1. In vacuum, no strain rate influences were found and similar crack growth rates were observed at both frequencies. Specimen thickness does not influence the threshold stress intensity amplitude (K-max,K-th) determined at 3.5 x 10(-13) m/cycle in vacuum whereas crack growth resistance increases with decreasing specimen thickness at higher growth rates. K-max,K-th determined at 10(-10) m/cycle in ambient air are similar at 20 Hz and 20 kHz and are 45-55% of those measured in vacuum. In ambient air and at higher stress intensities, fatigue cracks may propagate by a factor of 5-50 faster at the lower frequency. In vacuum, 7075-UA shows better crack growth properties than 7075-OA, more pronounced at higher growth rates. In ambient air, the planar slip materials show a plateau like regime in the (Deltaa/DeltaN vs K-max)-curves, where growth rates are hardly affected by the stress intensity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Agr Sci, Inst Meteorol & Phys, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mayer, H (reprint author), Univ Agr Sci, Inst Meteorol & Phys, Turkenschanzstr 18, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. EM herwig.mayer@mail.boku.ac.at NR 67 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAY PY 2003 VL 25 IS 5 BP 397 EP 411 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(02)00163-9 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 651QU UT WOS:000181332700005 ER PT J AU Trafton, JG Altmann, EM Brock, DP Mintz, FE AF Trafton, JG Altmann, EM Brock, DP Mintz, FE TI Preparing to resume an interrupted task: effects of prospective goal encoding and retrospective rehearsal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES LA English DT Article DE interruption; goals; rehearsal; prospective memory; task switching ID MEMORY; PERSPECTIVE; INFORMATION; ACTIVATION AB We examine people's strategic cognitive responses to being interrupted while performing a task. Based on memory theory, we propose that resumption of a task after interruption is facilitated by preparation during the interruption lag, or the interval between an alert to a pending interruption (e.g. the phone ringing) and the interruption proper (the ensuing conversation). To test this proposal, we conducted an experiment in which participants in a Warning condition received an 8-s interruption lag, and participants in an Immediate condition received no interruption lag. Participants in the Warning condition prepared more than participants in the Immediate condition, as measured by verbal reports, and resumed the interrupted task more quickly. However, Immediate participants resumed faster with practice, suggesting that people adapt to particularly disruptive forms of interruption. The results support our task analysis of interruption and our model of memory for goals, and suggest further means for studying operator performance in dynamic task environments. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Psychol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Trafton, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5513,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1071-5819 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT ST JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 583 EP 603 DI 10.1016/S1071-5819(03)00023-5 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA 674NF UT WOS:000182642300004 ER PT J AU Elliott, WR Glickman, RD Rentmeister-Bryant, H Zwick, H AF Elliott, WR Glickman, RD Rentmeister-Bryant, H Zwick, H TI Functional assessment of snake retina using pattern ERG SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 04, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Det, Laser Dept, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USA, Med Res Det, WRAIR, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 SU 2 MA 2706 BP U32 EP U32 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CK UT WOS:000184607000173 ER PT J AU Meleth, AD Reed, GF Chan, CC Byrnes, GA Shimel, K Chew, EY AF Meleth, AD Reed, GF Chan, CC Byrnes, GA Shimel, K Chew, EY TI Serum cytokines in diabetic retinopathy SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 04, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 NEI, Immunol Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Ctr Med, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 SU 2 MA 3981 BP U418 EP U418 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CK UT WOS:000184607001444 ER PT J AU Price, FW Tonon, E VanDenburgh, AM Stern, K Cheetham, JK Schiffman, RM AF Price, FW Tonon, E VanDenburgh, AM Stern, K Cheetham, JK Schiffman, RM TI Safety and efficacy of reformulated ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% ophthalmic solution in post-photorefractive keratectomy patients SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 04, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Corneal Consultants Indiana, Indianapolis, IN USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Allergan Pharmaceut Inc, Irvine, CA 92715 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 SU 2 MA 2611 BP U14 EP U14 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CK UT WOS:000184607000079 ER PT J AU Rentmeister-Bryant, HK Elliott, WR Hatcher, R Zwick, H AF Rentmeister-Bryant, HK Elliott, WR Hatcher, R Zwick, H TI Contrast/acuity threshold testing and simultaneous cSLO retinal imaging in task oriented rhesus monkeys SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 04, 2003 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USA, Med Res Det, WRAIR, San Antonio, TX USA. NHRC, Laser Dept, DET, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 SU 2 MA 4960 BP U682 EP U682 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CK UT WOS:000184607002420 ER PT J AU Dobrokhodov, VN Yakimenko, OA Junge, CJ AF Dobrokhodov, VN Yakimenko, OA Junge, CJ TI Six-degree-of-freedom model of a controlled circular parachute SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 06-09, 2002 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA AB The paper continues a series of publications devoted to modern advances in aerodynamic decelerator system technology started recently (Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2001) and addresses the development of a six-degree-of-freedom model of a guided circular parachute. The paper reviews existing circular parachute models and discusses several modeling issues unresolved within the frame of existing approaches or completely ignored so far. These issues include using data obtained in the aerodynamic experiments and computational-fluid-dynamics modeling for both undistorted (uncontrolled) and distorted (controlled) canopy shapes, introducing and computing control derivatives, and providing comparison with the real flight data. The paper provides step-by-step development of the mathematical model of circular parachute that includes the basic equations of motion, analysis and computation of the aerodynamic forces and moments, and investigation with modeling of special modes observed in flight. It then introduces a new application of a two-step aerodynamic parameters identification algorithm that is based on comparison with two types of the air-drop data (uncontrolled set and controlled one). The paper ends with summary of the obtained results and proposes a vital direction for the further elaboration of the developed model. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dobrokhodov, VN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 BP 482 EP 493 DI 10.2514/2.3143 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 689BR UT WOS:000183472200008 ER PT J AU McIlroy, DN Huso, J Kranov, Y Marchinek, J Ebert, C Moore, S Marji, E Gandy, R Hong, YK Norton, MG Cavalieri, E Benz, R Justus, BL Rosenberg, A AF McIlroy, DN Huso, J Kranov, Y Marchinek, J Ebert, C Moore, S Marji, E Gandy, R Hong, YK Norton, MG Cavalieri, E Benz, R Justus, BL Rosenberg, A TI Nanoparticle formation in microchannel glass by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FE NANOPARTICLES; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGE; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; NICKELOCENE; SUPERPARAMAGNETISM; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; EMISSION; AG(100); FILMS AB Iron nanoparticles were synthesized in situ within the channels of a microchannel glass by differentially pumping across the plate in conjunction with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The microchannel glass was mounted on a custom designed differentially pumped sample holder, which produced 10 Torr of differential pressure across the 5 mum channels. The iron precursor was ferrocene [(C5H5)(2)-Fe]. The composition and structure of the nanoparticles was determined by electron diffraction to be Fe3O4, where oxidation of the nanoparticles occurred upon exposure to air. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of nanoparticles ranging in size from 150 to 960 nm, which are formed from smaller nanoparticles on the order of 5-10 nm. The large nanoparticles (150-960 nm) grow independently of one another and are largely freestanding within the channels, i.e., they are not highly attached to the channel walls or agglomerated. The magnetic signature of the large nanoparticles is consistent with ferrimagnetic Fe3O4. The magnetic hysteresis loops of the particles are reminiscent of superparamagnetic behavior, which would suggest that the magnetic coupling between the 5 and 10 nm nanoparticles is weak. A model for nanoparticle formation based on plasma suspension of the Fe nanoparticles inside the glass channels is proposed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ITT Ind Night Vis, Sensor Dev, Roanoke, VA 24019 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McIlroy, DN (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 5643 EP 5649 DI 10.1063/1.1564881 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 668MA UT WOS:000182296700100 ER PT J AU Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Drob, DP Porter, HS Chan, KL AF Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Drob, DP Porter, HS Chan, KL TI Modeling studies with QBO: I. Quasi-decadal oscillation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE decadel oscillation; quasi biennial oscillation; middle atmosphere dynamics; gravity waves; atmospheric model ID DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WAVE MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; GRAVITY-WAVE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL OSCILLATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ZONAL WIND AB Quasi-decadal oscillations (QDO) have been observed in the stratosphere and have been linked to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the zonal circulation and to the 11-year solar activity cycle. With the use of a 2D version of our numerical spectral model that incorporates Hines' Doppler spread parameterization for gravity waves (GW), we demonstrate that beat periods between 9 and 11 years can be generated by the QBO as it interacts through GW filtering with the annual oscillation (AO) or semi-annual oscillation (SAO). Results are discussed from model runs covering up to 50 years, and our analyses lead to the following conclusions. A QDO is generated in the zonal circulation of the upper mesosphere. The largest signature of the QDO, however, appears in the form of amplitude modulations of the QBO, AO and SAO, and these extend into the lower stratosphere. The downward control that characterizes the QBO apparently comes into play, and the longer time constants for diffusion and radiative loss at lower altitudes facilitate the QDO response. Although excited by the QBO, which is confined to low latitudes, the QDO is shown to extend to high latitudes. The effect is particularly large for a QBO with period around 33 months (near the upper limit of observations), which interacts with the SAO to produce a hemispherically symmetric QDO. (The same dynamical condition also holds for a 28-month QBO.) Our analysis indicates that the QDO is transferred to high latitudes by the meridional circulation, which prominently exhibits this periodicity particularly in the amplitude modulation of the AO. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Mayr, HG (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MC 910-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Chan, Kwing/0000-0002-6428-1812 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 65 IS 8 BP 887 EP 899 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(03)00110-X PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704QV UT WOS:000184352100001 ER PT J AU Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Drob, DP Chan, KL Porter, HS AF Mayr, HG Mengel, JG Drob, DP Chan, KL Porter, HS TI Modeling studies with QBO: II. Solar cycle effect SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar cycle effect; quasi biennial oscillation; middle atmosphere dynamics; gravity waves; atmospheric model ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; DOPPLER-SPREAD PARAMETERIZATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WAVE MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GRAVITY-WAVE; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL OSCILLATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ZONAL WIND AB Solar cycle activity effects (SCAE) in the lower and middle atmosphere, reported in several studies, are difficult to explain on the basis of the small changes in solar radiation that accompany the 11-year cycle. It is therefore natural to speculate that dynamical processes may come into play to produce a leverage. Such a leverage may be provided by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the zonal circulation of the stratosphere, which has been linked to solar activity variations (e.g., Labitzke (J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 60 (1982) 124; Geophys. Res. Lett. 14 (1987) 135); Labitzke and Van Loon (J. Atm. Terr. Phys. 50 (1988) 197; J. Atm. Terr. Phys. 54 (1992) 1453)). Driven primarily by wave mean flow interaction, the QBO period and its amplitude are variable but are also strongly influenced by the seasonal cycle in the solar radiation. This influence extends to low altitudes and is referred to as "downward control". Small changes in the solar radiative forcing may produce small changes in the period and phase of the QBO, but these in turn may produce measurable differences in the wind field. Thus, the QBO may be an amplifier of solar activity variations and a natural conduit of these variations to lower altitudes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted experiments with a 2D version of our numerical spectral model that incorporates Hines' Doppler spread parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GW). Solar cycle radiance variations (SCRV) are accounted for by changing the radiative heating rate on a logarithmic scale from 0.1% at the surface to 1% at 50 km to 10% at 100 km. With and without SCRV, but with the same GW flux, we then conduct numerical experiments to evaluate the magnitude of the SCAE in the zonal circulation. The numerical results show that, under certain conditions, the SCAE is significant and can extend to lower altitudes where the SCRV is small. For a modeled QBO period of 30 months, we find that the seasonal cycle in the solar forcing acts as a strong pacemaker to lock up the phase and period of the QBO. The SCAE then shows up primarily as a distinct but relatively weak amplitude modulation. But with a different QBO period between 30 and 34 (or < 30, presumably) months, the seasonal phase lock is weak. Solar flux variations in the seasonal cycle then cause variations in the QBO period and phase. These amplify the SCAE to produce relatively large variations in the wind field. The SCAE in this case extends to mid-latitudes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Mayr, HG (reprint author), Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MC 910-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Chan, Kwing/0000-0002-6428-1812 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 65 IS 8 BP 901 EP 916 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(03)00111-1 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704QV UT WOS:000184352100002 ER PT J AU Shale, JH Shale, CM Mastin, WD AF Shale, JH Shale, CM Mastin, WD TI A review of the safety and efficacy of droperidol for the rapid sedation of severely agitated and violent patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID TORSADES-DE-POINTES; INTRAVENOUS HALOPERIDOL; QT INTERVAL; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; CRITICALLY ILL; SUDDEN-DEATH; PROLONGATION; MANAGEMENT; OVERDOSE; THERAPY AB Background: Droperidol had become a standard treatment for sedating severely agitated or violent patients in both psychiatric and medical emergency departments. However, several recent articles have suggested that droperidol may have a quinidine-like effect similar to that of thioridazine in inducing dysrhythmia. Method: In view of the recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) position regarding the use of thioridazine, the authors reviewed the literature regarding droperidol and dysrhythmia in a MEDLINE search for the years 1960-2002 using the search terms droperidol, dysrhythmia, QTc interval, and sudden death as well as their own experience in using droperidol in a busy psychiatric emergency department. This review was done before the FDA's very recent and peremptory warning about droperidol. Results: The authors report that, in treating approximately 12,000 patients over the past decade, they have never experienced a clinically significant adverse dysrhythmic event using droperidol to sedate severely agitated or violent patients. Conclusion: The authors conclude that, in clinical practice, droperidol is an extremely effective and safe method for treating severely agitated or violent patients. While in theory droperidol may prolong the QT interval to an extent similar to thioridazine, in clinical use there is no pattern of sudden deaths analogous to those that provoked the FDA warning about thioridazine. C1 San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ San Diego, Sch Law, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Adult Mental Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Shale, JH (reprint author), San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, 3853 Rosecrans St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS PI MEMPHIS PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA SN 0160-6689 J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT JI J. Clin. Psychiatry PD MAY PY 2003 VL 64 IS 5 BP 500 EP 505 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 682WC UT WOS:000183114500002 PM 12755651 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Case, S Muratore, N AF Purdy, AP Case, S Muratore, N TI Synthesis of GaN by high-pressure ammonolysis of gallium triiodide SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE crystal Morphology; nanostructures; ammonothermal crystal growth; nitrides; semiconducting gallium compounds ID CUBIC GAN; GROWTH; NITRIDE; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES; NANORODS; CRYSTALS; NH3 AB The ammonothermal conversion of GaI3 to both cubic (zinc-blende) and hexagonal GaN was explored in detail. Gallium triiodide, anhydrous NH3, and in some cases CuI or LiI co-mineralizers, were sealed in quartz tubes and heated in a pressurized autoclave from 300degreesC to 515degreesC. At hot-zone temperatures above 430degreesC, a deposit of mostly c-GaN collects in the upper portion of the tube, and deposits of phase-pure c-GaN were reliably produced on a 50-60 mg scale when Cul co-mineralizer was added. Crystal morphologies of these microcrystalline c-GaN products are highly dependent on growth conditions and range from triangular prisms to triangular plates, dendritic crystals, and irregular particles. Hexagonal GaN products were either in the form of microrods or micron sized prisms. Nanorods, of presumably h-GaN, also formed in some reactions in low yields, intermixed with microcrystalline c-GaN products. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Purdy, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6125,4555 Overlook Av SE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2003 VL 252 IS 1-3 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(03)00936-9 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 665WZ UT WOS:000182145400020 ER PT J AU Huyer, SA Snarski, SR AF Huyer, SA Snarski, SR TI Analysis of a turbulent propeller inflow SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID NOISE; INGESTION AB The unsteady turbulent inflow into a swirl-inducing stator upstream of propeller (SISUP) propeller is presented. The upstream stators and hull boundary layer generate a complex, three-dimensional inflow that was measured using x-wire anemometry. High resolution measurements consisting of 12 locations in the radial direction and 600 in the circumferential direction yielded mean velocity and rms turbulent quantities for a total of 7200 points. The axial, radial, and circumferential velocity fields were thus measured. This enabled the induced velocity due to the stator wakes, the induced velocity due to the propeller and the turbulent hull boundary layer to be characterized To assist in decoupling the effects on the velocity field due to the stator and propeller a potential flow computation of the swirl component was used Spectra and autocorrelation analysis of the inflow velocity field were used to estimate the integral length scale and lend further insight into the turbulent flow structure. These data can be used to validate computational fluid dynamics codes and assist in developing of turbulent inflow models. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Huyer, SA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Code 8233,Bldg 1302, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2003 VL 125 IS 3 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.1115/1.1570860 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 692EC UT WOS:000183646900014 ER PT J AU Cipolla, KM Keith, WL AF Cipolla, KM Keith, WL TI Momentum thickness measurements for thick axisymmetric turbulent boundary layers SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE CURVATURE; WALL; VELOCITY; LAW AB Experimental measurements of the mean wall shear stress and boundary layer momentum thickness on long, thin cylindrical bodies are presented. To date, the spatial growth of the boundary layer and the related boundary layer parameters have not been measured for cases where delta/a (a = cylinder radius) is much greater than one. Moderate Reynolds numbers (10(4)2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668EP UT WOS:000182277600003 ER PT J AU Jiang, QF Smith, RB AF Jiang, QF Smith, RB TI Gravity wave breaking in two-layer hydrostatic flow SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER FLOW; PAST ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; AMPLITUDE MOUNTAIN WAVES; 2-LAYER FLOW; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; DOWNSLOPE WINDS; CRITICAL-LEVEL; WAKE FORMATION; IDEAL SHOCKS; VORTEX AB To better understand mountain-induced gravity wave breaking and potential vorticity generation in the troposphere, a two-layer hydrostatic flow over a three-dimensional Witch-of-Agnesi type of mountain is investigated. It is suggested that a two-layer model is the simplest model in which the partitioning of upper- and lower-level wave breaking and dissipation can be studied. High-resolution shallow water model runs are carried out with unsheared upstream flow and a wide variety of mountain heights. A regime diagram is constructed, in which gravity wave breaking is classified based on shock number, location, and type. It is demonstrated that different types of shocks identified in the numerical simulations can be consistently described using a shock regime diagram, derived from viscous shock theory. Four curious shock properties are shown to influence orographic flow: the steepening requirement, the tendency for external jumps to amplify shear, the bifurcation in external jumps, and the "double shock.'' Some results are compared with continuously stratified flow simulations by a nonhydrostatic mesoscale model. It is demonstrated that vertical wind shear controls the vertical distribution of wave breaking and potential vorticity generation. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. RP Jiang, QF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1159 EP 1172 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1159:GWBITH>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 668EP UT WOS:000182277600004 ER PT J AU Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Swider-Lyons, KE Piquea, A AF Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Swider-Lyons, KE Piquea, A TI Direct-write planar microultracapacitors by laser engineering SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; RUTHENIUM OXIDE; RAGONE PLOTS; DOUBLE-LAYER; ELECTRODES; SUPERCAPACITOR; BATTERIES; CHARGE; MODEL AB We have successfully employed laser direct write and micromachining to fabricate high capacity hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuOxHy or RuO2 . xH(2)O) microultracapacitors. A laser direct-write process is used to deposit uniform pads of RuO2 . 0.5H(2)O in sulfuric acid under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. Ultraviolet laser micromachining is used to tailor the shape and size of the deposited material into planar electrodes. The specific capacitance of the laser-deposited materials is comparable to reported values of similar to720 F/g. The microultracapacitors demonstrate linear charge and discharge behavior at currents below 1 mA, as expected for an ideal capacitor. By studying the charge storage and power output as a function of discharge current, the power can be successfully modeled assuming only simple ohmic losses. Parallel and series combinations of these microultracapacitor cells provide the expected addition of capacitance. Maximum discharge currents of 50 mA are applied to two cells in parallel without damage to the microultracapacitor cells. The microultracapacitors exhibit high specific power and specific energy with over 1100 mW/g at approximately 9 mWhr/g for an 80 mug cell with a footprint of 2 mm(2) and a thickness of 15 mm. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 150 IS 5 BP A571 EP A575 DI 10.1149/1.1563650 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 666NW UT WOS:000182184200004 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI General relations regarding graph theory and the passivity of binary alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CR-MO ALLOYS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; OXIDE NETWORKS; HCL SOLUTION; FILMS; DEPOSITION; ESCA; ZR AB The passivity of a binary alloy is considered in terms of a network of -M-O-M- bridges in the oxide film, where M is the component of the binary alloy which produces passivity. The structure of the oxide is represented by a mathematical graph, and graph theory is used to calculate the connectivity of the oxide, given by the product of the number of edges in the graph and the Randic index. A stochastic calculation is employed to insert ions of the second metal into the oxide film so as to disrupt the connectivity of the -M-O-M- network. This disruption occurs at a critical ionic concentration of the oxide film. Mathematical relationships are developed for the introduction of a general ion B+n into oxides where passivity is due to the existence of continuous networks of -Cr-O-Cr-, -Si-O-Si-, or -Mo-O-Mo-. Thus, critical ionic compositions are calculated for oxide films on the binary alloys B-Cr, B-Si, or B-Mo where passivity is provided in turn by the presence of Cr, Si, or Mo, respectively, in the binary alloy. In each case, B refers to any metal B which produces B+n ions in the oxide film, where +n is the oxidation number of the ion. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 150 IS 5 BP B238 EP B247 DI 10.1149/1.1566412 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 666NW UT WOS:000182184200023 ER PT J AU Mungan, CE AF Mungan, CE TI Thermodynamics of radiation-balanced lasing SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANTI-STOKES FLUORESCENCE; DOPED CRYSTALS; UP-CONVERSION; LASERS AB Athermal lasers dispose of their waste heat in the form of spontaneous fluorescence (i.e., by laser cooling) to avoid warming the medium. The thermodynamics of this process is discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively from the point of view of the first and second laws. The steady-state optical dynamics of an ytterbium-doped KGd(WO4)(2) fiber is analyzed as a model radiation-balanced solid-state laser. A Carnot efficiency for all-optical amplification is derived in terms of the energy and entropy transported by the pump, fluorescence, and laser beams. This efficiency is compared with the performance of the model system. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mungan, CE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1075 EP 1082 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.20.001075 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 675VB UT WOS:000182715900034 ER PT J AU Bilski, TR Baker, BC Grove, JR Hinks, RP Harrison, MJ Sabra, JP Temerlin, SM Rhee, P AF Bilski, TR Baker, BC Grove, JR Hinks, RP Harrison, MJ Sabra, JP Temerlin, SM Rhee, P TI Battlefield casualties treated at Camp Rhino, Afghanistan: Lessons learned SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 26-28, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE Afghanistan; casualties; marine; trauma; operations; tent; surgery; enduring freedom; Fleet Hospital ID COMBAT CASUALTIES; MANAGEMENT AB Background operation Enduring Freedom is an effort to combat terrorism after an attack on the United States. The first large-scale troop movement (> 1,300) was made by the U.S. Marines into the country of Afghanistan by establishing Camp Rhino. Methods. Data were entered into a personal computer at Camp Rhino, using combat casualty collecting software. Results: Surgical support at Camp Rhino consisted of two surgical teams (12 personnel each), who set up two operating tables in one tent. During the 6-week period, a total of 46 casualties were treated, and all were a result of blast or blunt injury. One casualty required immediate surgery, two required thoracostomy tube, and the remainder received fracture stabilization or wound care before being transported out of Afghanistan. The casualties received 6 major surgical procedures and 11 minor procedures, which included fracture fixations. There was one killed in action and one expectant patient. The major problem faced was long delay in access to initial surgical care, which was more than 5 hours and 2 hours for two of the casualties. Conclusion: Smaller, more mobile surgical teams will be needed more frequently in future military operations because of inability to set up current larger surgical facilities, and major problems will include long transport times. Future improvements to the system should emphasize casualty evacuation, en-route care, and joint operations planning between services. C1 Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Battal Med 1, Dept Surg, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA USA. Marine Air Wing 3rd, Dept Surg, Miramar, CA USA. USN, Trauma Training Ctr, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA. USN, Hosp Camp Lejeune, Med Battal 2, Dept Surg, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Portsmouth, Hants, England. RP Rhee, P (reprint author), NTTC LAC, 1200 N State St,Room 6336, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. NR 6 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2003 VL 54 IS 5 BP 814 EP 821 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000046627.87250.1D PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 687BN UT WOS:000183356100002 PM 12777893 ER PT J AU Blood, CG AF Blood, CG TI Untitled - Reply SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Blood, CG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2003 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1037 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 687BN UT WOS:000183356100045 ER PT J AU Butler, F AF Butler, F TI Tactical combat casualty care: Combining good medicine with good tactics SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Special Warfare Command, Pensacola, FL 32504 USA. RP Butler, F (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Command, 4575 Lavallet Lane, Pensacola, FL 32504 USA. NR 4 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2003 VL 54 IS 5 SU S BP S2 EP S3 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 688RN UT WOS:000183449900002 PM 12768093 ER PT J AU Majde, JA AF Majde, JA TI Animal models for hemorrhage and resuscitation research SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE animal model; hemorrhage; resuscitation research ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; TRAUMA PATIENTS; CONSCIOUS RATS; END-POINTS; SHOCK; RESPONSES; EXPRESSION; SEVERITY; SEPSIS AB Background: This report summarizes recent workshop discussions on animal models for hemorrhage and resuscitation research, and it is supplemented with relevant current literature. The emphasis is on models for casualty care on the battlefield. Results: Current animal models of hemorrhage and resuscitation vary substantially from one laboratory to another, and are not based on clinical experience. Hemorrhage and resuscitation protocols are arbitrarily determined, and there is no consensus on predictive endpoints. The use of anesthetics in most animal models obscures crucial hemodynamic responses. Environmental variables that influence outcomes by modulating the stress state of the animal are not controlled. A standardized predictive preclinical animal model that addresses these issues is needed. Conclusions: Recently conscious animal models have been developed that can minimize anesthesia artifacts, and prognostic endpoints have been defined in the clinic. The time may be right to define a predictive animal model for hemorrhage and resuscitation research that will allow new trauma therapies to advance. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Majde, JA (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 341 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD MAY PY 2003 VL 54 IS 5 SU S BP S100 EP S105 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000064503.24416.F4 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 688RN UT WOS:000183449900019 PM 12768110 ER PT J AU Massengill, JC Sun, L Moul, JW Wu, HY McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Foley, J Sexton, W Kusuda, L Chung, A Soderdahl, D Donahue, T AF Massengill, JC Sun, L Moul, JW Wu, HY McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Foley, J Sexton, W Kusuda, L Chung, A Soderdahl, D Donahue, T TI Pretreatment total testosterone level predicts pathological stage in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE testosterone; prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; neoplasm staging; prognosis ID SERUM HORMONE LEVELS; ANTIGEN; ADENOCARCINOMA; MODEL AB Purpose: In the last decade numerous groups have shown that low levels of pretreatment serum total testosterone consistently predict more aggressive disease, worse prognosis and worse treatment response in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Prior studies have not demonstrated this same correlation in patients with known localized disease. We rigorously tested pretreatment total testosterone levels as a potential staging and prognostic marker in a large cohort of 879 patients with localized cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 879 patients treated with radical prostatectomy between January 1, 1986 and June 30, 2002 from 9 hospital sites. Nonparametric tests were used to compare the relationship of pretreatment testosterone to other variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess clinical predictors of extraprostatic disease. Kaplan-Meier survival methods and Cox regression analysis were used to assess predictors of biochemical recurrence. Results: Patients with nonorgan confined prostate cancer (pT3-T4) showed significantly lower pretreatment total testosterone levels than those with organ confined cancer (pT1-T2) (nonparametric p = 0.041). In multivariate analysis pretreatment total testosterone emerged as a significant independent predictor of extraprostatic disease (p = 0.046). Total testosterone was not a significant predictor of biochemical (prostate specific antigen) recurrence (p = 0.467). Conclusions: Pretreatment total testosterone was an independent predictor of extraprostatic disease in patients with localized prostate cancer. As testosterone decreases patients have an increased likelihood of nonorgan confined disease. Low testosterone was not predictive of biochemical recurrence, although trends observed dictate study in larger cohorts with mature followup. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. Malcolm Grow AF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 21 TC 172 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 169 IS 5 BP 1670 EP 1675 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000062674.43964.d0 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 667WM UT WOS:000182257600005 PM 12686805 ER PT J AU Thach, DC Stenger, DA AF Thach, DC Stenger, DA TI Effects of collagen matrix on Sindbis virus infection of BHK cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Sindbis virus replication; collagen; three-dimensional; cell death ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADHESION; FIBROBLASTS; FIBRONECTIN; BINDING; GELS AB The effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) components on the outcomes of alphavirus interaction with cells are not known. Studies that address such interactions have to address several methodological difficulties, including: the survival of the cells within the matrix; the passage of the virus through the matrix to infect embedded cells; and the dissociation of cells and matrix into single-cell suspension, before and after virus infection, for quantitative analysis. Herein, these issues were addressed in the context of a model system of collagen as the ECM component, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, and Sindbis virus. The outcomes of Sindbis virus infection of BHK cells, grown in three-dimensional (313) collagen gel versus on plastic, and on two-dimensional (2D) collagen versus bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated surfaces were compared. Cell morphology was more slender in 3D and on 2D collagen than on plastic or BSA-coated surfaces. The cells were able to survive in the 3D environment. Using Sindbis virus carrying the green fluorescent protein gene, the virions were found to be capable of penetrating the 3D collagen matrix and infecting the cells. There was more infectious virus in cultures of cells in 3D and on 2D collagen than on plastic or BSA-coated surfaces, respectively. Higher virus titers from cells on 2D collagen compared to BSA-coated surfaces was not associated with uninfected cell number or viability but with increased cell survival after infection. Infected cells on BSA surfaces became detached, while those on 2D collagen remained attached. These experiments establish procedures for analysis of interaction of collagen, BHK cells, and Sindbis virus and suggest that collagen increases infectious Sindbis virus titers from BHK cells by enhancing post-infection cell survival. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thach, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW Bldg 30, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAY PY 2003 VL 109 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(03)00066-1 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 682LH UT WOS:000183092800007 PM 12711058 ER PT J AU Yoldas, EA Sekiya, JK Irrgang, JJ Fu, FH Harner, CD AF Yoldas, EA Sekiya, JK Irrgang, JJ Fu, FH Harner, CD TI Arthroscopically assisted meniscal allograft transplantation with and without combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE meniscal allografts; transplantation; meniscus transplantation; meniscal surgery; meniscus ID HEALTH SURVEY SF-36; MEDIAL MENISCECTOMY; DEFICIENT KNEE; CONTACT AREA; INJURIES; REPAIR; 5-YEAR; REPLACEMENT; STABILITY; AUTOGRAFT AB The menisci provide a vital role in load transmission across the knee joint as well as contribute to knee stability, particularly in the ACL-deficient knee. Loss of the meniscus, in part or in total, significantly alters joint function and predisposes the articular cartilage to degenerative changes, which has been well documented both clinically and radiographically. This study examined clinical and patient-reported outcomes following meniscal allograft transplantation with and without combined ACL reconstruction in a select group of 31 patients with complaints of pain and/or instability (34 meniscal allografts); 11 underwent isolated meniscal transplantation and 20 meniscal transplantation combined with ACL reconstruction. Bony fixation was performed with bone plugs for medial transplants and using a bone bridge for lateral transplants. All patients completed several knee-specific and general measures of health-related quality of life and underwent a comprehensive physical examination. Flexion weightbearing PA radiographs at latest follow-up were compared to those obtained preoperatively. Mean follow-up was 2.9 years (range 2-5.5 years). The Activities of Daily Living and Sports Activities Scale scores were 86 11 and 78 16, respectively, and the average Lysholm score was 84 +/- 14. There were no significant differences in these scores based upon which meniscus (medial or lateral) was transplanted, concurrent ACL reconstruction, or the degree of chondrosis at arthroscopy. SF-36 scores indicated that patients were functioning at a level similar to the age- and sex-matched population. Twenty-two patients stated they were greatly improved, 8 were somewhat improved, I was without change. All but one patient reported that knee function and level of activity were normal or nearly normal. The average loss of motion compared to the non-involved side was 3degrees for extension and 9degrees for flexion. All but one patient had a negative or 1+ Lachman's test. The remaining patient had a 2+ Lachman's test. Assessment with the KT-1000 arthrometer revealed a side-to-side difference of 2 mm (range -2 mm to 7 mm). Average hop and vertical jump indices were both 85% of the contralateral extremity. No statistically significant joint space narrowing was observed by radiography over time. Meniscal allograft transplantation with and without combined ACL reconstruction in carefully selected patients with complaints of compartmental joint line pain and/or instability appears able to provide relief of symptoms and restore relatively high levels of function, particularly during activities of daily living. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Med, Ctr Sports Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. Holy Cross Hosp Med Grp, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33308 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Bone & Joint Sports Med Inst, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Irrgang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Med, Ctr Sports Med, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. NR 56 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0942-2056 J9 KNEE SURG SPORT TR A JI Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 11 IS 3 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1007/s00167-003-0362-y PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 696DP UT WOS:000183871100009 PM 12739011 ER PT J AU Whitaker, C Burkholder, G Smith, S Naciri, J Weslowski, B Shashidhar, R AF Whitaker, C Burkholder, G Smith, S Naciri, J Weslowski, B Shashidhar, R TI Synthesis and characterization of laterally substituted bis(alkoxybenzoyloxy)hydroquinones SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURES AB A new series of laterally substituted bis(alkoxybenzoyloxy)hydroquinone compounds has been synthesized and their mesomorphic properties studied. A number of hydroquinone compounds were synthesized with terminal n -alkoxy chains ranging from n -butyloxy to n -decyloxy. Additionally, lateral substituents ranging from n -butyl to n -octyl were incorporated through esterification at the remaining unsubstituted phenolic oxygen atoms. By optimizing the combination of the end group and lateral moieties we were able to tailor the molecular structure to form different liquid crystalline phases. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitaker, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 30 IS 5 BP 617 EP 621 DI 10.1080/0267829031000105088 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 678VJ UT WOS:000182887100012 ER PT J AU Watenpaugh, DE AF Watenpaugh, DE TI Degassed liquids to prevent/treat decompression sickness SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID WATER IMMERSION; CONTRAST AGENT; DRUG-THERAPY; RESPONSES; PERFLUBRON; PROTECTION AB Recompression and oxygen breathing constitute the primary treatments for decompression sickness (DCS). Increasing the volume of distribution of dissolved gas with high-volume liquid therapy represents an alternative strategy to prevent or treat DCS. Furthermore, degassing of ingested and infused liquids would increase their potential to keep supersaturated tissue gases in solution after decompression. We hypothesize that administration of degassed liquids will prevent or reverse mild-moderate DCS by increasing the volume of distribution of dissolved gas in DCS victims. Degassed perfluorocarbon ingestion offers particularly attractive potential: one liter theoretically dissolves similar to300 ml of N-2 in vivo at 1 atm. One could speculate that degassed liquids may adequately treat mild DCS in lieu of recompression, particularly DCS expressed in 'fast compartment' (well-perfused) tissues. Furthermore, degassed liquid administration should prove to be even more effective adjunct therapy for severe DCS than present gas-saturated liquids. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Naval Submarine Med Res Lab, Driving & Environm Simulat Dept, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Watenpaugh, DE (reprint author), USN, Naval Submarine Med Res Lab, Driving & Environm Simulat Dept, Box 900, Groton, CT 06349 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 720 EP 723 DI 10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00045-8 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 667FG UT WOS:000182220100019 PM 12710910 ER PT J AU Bohnker, BK Thornton, S AF Bohnker, BK Thornton, S TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, FS, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), USN, FS, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 168 IS 5 BP IV EP IV PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AG UT WOS:000186549800003 PM 12775163 ER PT J AU Bohnker, BK Schwartz, E McGinnis, J Sack, D Craft, N AF Bohnker, BK Schwartz, E McGinnis, J Sack, D Craft, N TI Effects of pediatric blood lead surveillance on Navy population health (1995-2001) SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Navy medicine instituted a pediatric lead surveillance program in 1995 because of a public health concern over pediatric blood lead levels. This program included local sampling of pediatric populations and a central database at the Navy Environmental Health Center. That database contains 38,502 samples from 1995 through 2001 with 1.6% above 10 mug/dL. The number of samples submitted and percentage with elevated lead levels has steadily decreased during the 6-year reporting period. Rates above 10 mug/dL for children considered at high risk were similar for those residing on (2.4%) and off base (2.5%). Rates above 10 mug/dL for children considered at low risk, living off base, were 1.3%, whereas those living on base were 0.4% (relative risk = 3.44, p = 0.00, 95% confidence interval = 2.34-5.20). Several locations were identified as having higher risk for elevated blood levels that warrant continued surveillance. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Bohnker, BK (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle,Suite 1100, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 168 IS 5 BP 391 EP 393 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AG UT WOS:000186549800015 PM 12775175 ER PT J AU Zajdowicz, MJ McKenzie, RT AF Zajdowicz, MJ McKenzie, RT TI Predictors of successful physical readiness testing under the new standard: OPNAV Instruction 6110.1F SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; WEIGHT; STROKE; RISK AB A new physical readiness testing (PRT) instruction, OPNAV Instruction 6110.1F, specifying tougher standards compared with the previous standard was issued in May 2000. The purpose of this research was to describe differences in PRT results under the old and new standards, to describe body mass index (BMI) results, to compare BMI results with body composition assessment results, and to elucidate predictors of successful PRT results under the new standards. Using a retrospective cohort design, cross-sectional analysis was performed on data from 1,564 active duty subjects at the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth. Whereas, under the old standards, the distribution of PRT results was skewed toward high scores, the distribution of scores was normal under the new standards. BMI results demonstrated a problem with obesity in the cohort and correlated poorly with body composition assessment. Predictors of successful PRT were normal/underweight BMI, body composition within standards, officer rank, and age greater than or equal to30 years. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Directorate Med Affairs, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Nursing Res, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Zajdowicz, MJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Directorate Med Affairs, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 168 IS 5 BP 394 EP 398 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 743AG UT WOS:000186549800016 PM 12775176 ER PT J AU Vite, CH Passini, MA McGowan, JC Poptani, H Polesky, AC Chambers, B O'Donnell, P Salvetti, A Haskins, ME Wolfe, JH AF Vite, CH Passini, MA McGowan, JC Poptani, H Polesky, AC Chambers, B O'Donnell, P Salvetti, A Haskins, ME Wolfe, JH TI AAV vector-mediated gene transfer to the brain of the cat SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-Therapy CY JUN 04-08, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Gene Therapy C1 Univ PA, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ PA, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. Lab Therapie Gen, Nantes, France. RI Salvetti, Anna/I-6204-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 7 IS 5 MA 236 BP S93 EP S93 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 676FH UT WOS:000182740300237 ER PT J AU Kauffmann, G Heckman, TM White, SDM Charlot, S Tremonti, C Brinchmann, J Bruzual, G Peng, EW Seibert, M Bernardi, M Blanton, M Brinkmann, J Castander, F Csabai, I Fukugita, M Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Nichol, RC Padmanabhan, N Thakar, AR Weinberg, DH York, D AF Kauffmann, G Heckman, TM White, SDM Charlot, S Tremonti, C Brinchmann, J Bruzual, G Peng, EW Seibert, M Bernardi, M Blanton, M Brinkmann, J Castander, F Csabai, I Fukugita, M Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Nichol, RC Padmanabhan, N Thakar, AR Weinberg, DH York, D TI Stellar masses and star formation histories for 10(5) galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : stellar content ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DISK GALAXIES; POPULATIONS; ABSORPTION; EVOLUTION; DUST; EXTINCTION; FEATURES AB We develop a new method to constrain the star formation histories, dust attenuation and stellar masses of galaxies. It is based on two stellar absorption-line indices, the 4000-Angstrom break strength and the Balmer absorption-line index Hdelta(A) . Together, these indices allow us to constrain the mean stellar ages of galaxies and the fractional stellar mass formed in bursts over the past few Gyr. A comparison with broad-band photometry then yields estimates of dust attenuation and of stellar mass. We generate a large library of Monte Carlo realizations of different star formation histories, including starbursts of varying strength and a range of metallicities. We use this library to generate median likelihood estimates of burst mass fractions, dust attenuation strengths, stellar masses and stellar mass-to-light ratios for a sample of 122 808 galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The typical 95 per cent confidence range in our estimated stellar masses is +/-40 per cent. We study how the stellar mass-to-light ratios of galaxies vary as a function of absolute magnitude, concentration index and photometric passband and how dust attenuation varies as a function of absolute magnitude and 4000-Angstrom break strength. We also calculate how the total stellar mass of the present Universe is distributed over galaxies as a function of their mass, size, concentration, colour, burst mass fraction and surface mass density. We find that most of the stellar mass in the local Universe resides in galaxies that have, to within a factor of approximately 2, stellar masses similar to5x 10(10) M., half-light radii similar to3 kpc and half-light surface mass densities similar to10(9) M. kpc(-2). The distribution of D-n (4000) is strongly bimodal, showing a clear division between galaxies dominated by old stellar populations and galaxies with more recent star formation. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CNRS, Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. AE Ctr Invest Astron, Merida, Venezuela. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kauffmann, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM gamk@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Brinchmann, Jarle/M-2616-2015; OI Brinchmann, Jarle/0000-0003-4359-8797; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 40 TC 1127 Z9 1140 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 341 IS 1 BP 33 EP 53 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06291.x PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 673JN UT WOS:000182577300004 ER PT J AU Shao, L Liu, JR Wang, XM Chen, H Thompson, PE Chu, WK AF Shao, L Liu, JR Wang, XM Chen, H Thompson, PE Chu, WK TI Reduction of boride-enhanced diffusion by point defect engineering and its application for shallow junction formation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL KOBE, JAPAN DE high energy implantation; vacancy; boron diffusion; shallow junction ID MEV-IMPLANTED SILICON; ION-IMPLANTATION; DOPANT DIFFUSION; BORON-DIFFUSION; SI; AMORPHIZATION; SURFACE AB Point defect engineering using high energy ion bombardment can be used as a method to inject vacancies near the surface region with excessive interstitials created near the end of the projected range. We demonstrated that implantation of MeV Si ions into a Si substrate can suppress boride-enhanced diffusion normally associated with a high B concentration layer. The concept of boron diffusion control can be used as an approach to form ultra-shallow junction. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, 3201 Cullen Blvd,HSC202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2003 VL 206 BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)00777-8 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 692ZQ UT WOS:000183690500091 ER PT J AU Takacs, E Silver, E Laming, JM Gillaspy, JD Schnopper, H Brickhouse, N Barbera, M Mantraga, M Ratliff, LP Tawara, H Makonyi, K Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE AF Takacs, E Silver, E Laming, JM Gillaspy, JD Schnopper, H Brickhouse, N Barbera, M Mantraga, M Ratliff, LP Tawara, H Makonyi, K Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE TI Astrophysics and spectroscopy with microcalorimeters on an electron beam ion trap SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2002) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CAEN, FRANCE DE electron beam ion trap; X-ray; microcalorimeter; highly charged ion; laboratory astrophysics ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; FE-XVII; LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS; EMISSION; SPECTRA; CAPELLA; TEMPERATURE; INTENSITY; PROGRESS AB Electron beam ion traps combined with X-ray microcalorimeters provide an indispensable tool for laboratory astrophysics supporting recent and future X-ray missions. The program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology uses spectroscopic methods to study highly ionized plasmas and atomic physics related to astrophysics problems (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA USA. Debrecen Univ, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INAF, Osserv Astron Palermo GS Vaiana, Palermo, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM endre.takacs@nist.gov OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2003 VL 205 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)00937-6 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 684MM UT WOS:000183211200028 ER PT J AU Matranga, M Barbera, M Maggio, A Peres, G Serio, S Takacs, E Silver, E Gillaspy, J Schnopper, H Laming, M Beeman, J Haller, E Madden, N AF Matranga, M Barbera, M Maggio, A Peres, G Serio, S Takacs, E Silver, E Gillaspy, J Schnopper, H Laming, M Beeman, J Haller, E Madden, N TI EBIT diagnostics using X-ray spectra of highly ionized Ne SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI 2002) CY SEP 01-06, 2002 CL CAEN, FRANCE DE X-ray spectra; EBIT; excitation; ionization of atoms ID BEAM ION-TRAP; LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS AB We have carried out a detailed analysis of highly ionized neon spectra collected at the NIST EBIT using an NTD germanium X-ray microcalorimeter developed at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 444 (2000) 156]. Our attention was focused especially on the Ne IX He-like triplet to check electron density diagnostics through the intercombination/forbidden line ratio. We have investigated possible effects of the ion dynamics on the plasma emission line intensities, looking at the dependence of the count-rate and the charge state distribution on the electron beam energy and current. The temperature and spatial distribution of the neon ions, and hence the overlap between the electron beam and the ion cloud, depend on the electron beam operating parameters. The overlap affects the average electron density seen by the ions, and in turn the measured line ratio. These results underscore the value of future improved studies of the trapped ion dynamics, both for understanding the EBIT performance and for allowing experimenters to take full advantage of its potential for astrophysical plasma diagnostics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INAF, Osserv Astron Palermo, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Debrecen, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP INAF, Osserv Astron Palermo, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. EM barbera@astropa.unipa.it RI Maggio, Antonio/P-5700-2015; OI Maggio, Antonio/0000-0001-5154-6108; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420; PERES, Giovanni/0000-0002-6033-8180 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2003 VL 205 BP 244 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)00943-1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 684MM UT WOS:000183211200047 ER PT J AU Thantu, N Schley, RS Justus, BL AF Thantu, N Schley, RS Justus, BL TI Tunable room temperature second harmonic generation in glasses doped with CuCl nanocrystalline quantum dots SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; nanocrystals; nanoparticles; SHG; nonlinear optics ID HARMONIC-GENERATION; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; CONFINED EXCITONS; OPTICAL FIBERS; LUMINESCENCE; PROPAGATION; POLARITON; TIME AB Two-photon excited emission centered at 379-426 nm in photodarkening borosilicate glass doped with CuCl nanocrystalline quantum dots at room temperature has been observed. The emission is detected in the direction of the fundamental near-infrared beam. Time- and frequency-resolved measurements at room temperature and 77 K indicate that the emission is largely coherent light characteristic of second harmonic generation (SHG). An average conversion efficiency of similar to10(-10) is obtained for a 2 mm thick sample. The observed SHG can originate in the individual noncentrosymmetric nanocrystals, leading to a bulk-like contribution, and at the nanocrystal-glass interface, leading to a surface contribution. The bulk-like conversion efficiency is estimated using previously reported values of coherence length (5 mum) and bulk nonlinear susceptibility. This bulk-like conversion efficiency estimate is found to be smaller than the measured value, suggesting a more prominent surface contribution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thantu, N (reprint author), XonTech Inc, 6862 Hayvenhurst Ave, Van Nuys, CA 91406 USA. EM napoleon_thantu@xontech.com RI Schley, Robert/B-9124-2017 OI Schley, Robert/0000-0001-8907-6535 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 220 IS 1-3 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01356-7 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 676LJ UT WOS:000182753300025 ER PT J AU Scott, KJ Simko, E AF Scott, KJ Simko, E TI Thoracoscopic management of cervical thoracic duct injuries: An alternative approach SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHYLE FISTULA C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Scott, KJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 128 IS 5 BP 755 EP 757 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(03)00253-5 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 682MQ UT WOS:000183096200021 PM 12748573 ER PT J AU Stoimenow, A Kidwell, M AF Stoimenow, A Kidwell, M TI The crossing number and maximal bridge length of a knot diagram SO PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID UNKNOTTING NUMBERS; LINK AB We give examples showing that Kidwell's inequality for the maximal degree of the Brandt-Lickorish-Millett-Ho polynomial is in general not sharp. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stoimenow, A (reprint author), Care of Murasugi K, Univ Toronto, Dept Math, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC JOURNAL MATHEMATICS PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 4163, BERKELEY, CA 94704-0163 USA SN 0030-8730 J9 PAC J MATH JI Pac. J. Math. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 210 IS 1 BP 189 EP 199 PG 11 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 671PT UT WOS:000182473800004 ER PT J AU Yeh, WJ Cheng, B Justus, BL AF Yeh, WJ Cheng, B Justus, BL TI I-V characteristics of YBCO thin films with a periodic array of Ni dots SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE external pinning; periodic array; cuprate AB Enhancing the pinning force in cuprates can be achieved by externally introduced magnetic dots. We have used a novel nanochannel glass technique to create metal replica masks with sub-micron size holes that have a triangular lattice pattern. With this replica mask, magnetic dots with a periodic array were deposited onto the surface of YBCO thin films by a simple deposition. The I-V characteristics of an YBCO thin film strip with a uniform Ni dots have been measured. They were compared with that of a bare YBCO strip without any magnetic dots. The results show that as the magnetic field strength increases the critical current value of the strip with the magnetic dots reduces with a much slower pace in comparison with the values obtained from the bare sample. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yeh, WJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 388 BP 433 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02558-3 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 686UX UT WOS:000183340300210 ER PT J AU Skufca, JD Bollt, EM AF Skufca, JD Bollt, EM TI Feedback control with finite accuracy: more knowledge and better control for free SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE control of chaos; finite measurement control; finite accuracy measurement; accuracy improvement algorithm; kneading theory; symbol dynamics; invariant measure ID SYSTEMS AB It is known [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 (11) (1990) 1196-1199] that a system can be controlled near an unstable period-k point by applying a small perturbation signal to some parameter in the system. The required perturbation is calculated as a function of the current system state. We consider that, in applications, such stabilizing algorithms can be implemented with only finite accuracy. The error associated with the finite accuracy will grow exponentially, requiring repeated application of the parameter perturbation to keep the system near the fixed point. We show that under a repeated perturbation control algorithm, the resultant dynamical system is a piecewise expanding map that is well approximated by a Renyi transformation. Additionally, we show that by an analysis of the kneading sequences, the system state can be known with greater accuracy than is measured. Furthermore, we modify the standard parametric control algorithm to provide better time averaged control of the system without increasing the complexity of implementation. We demonstrate application of these principles to the 2D case by considering a saddle fixed point of the Ikeda map and the OGY [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 (11) (1990) 1196-1199] algorithm. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Skufca, JD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 179 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(03)00012-5 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 670YP UT WOS:000182437900002 ER PT J AU Steiner, M AF Steiner, M TI Generalized robustness of entanglement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SEPARABLE STATES AB The robustness of entanglement results of Vidal and Tarrach [Phys. Rev. A 59, 141 (1999)] considered the problem whereby an entangled state is mixed with a separable state so that the overall state becomes nonentangled. In general, it is known that there are also cases when entangled states are mixed with other entangled states and where the sum is separable. In this paper, we treat a more general case where entangled states can be mixed with any states so that the resulting mixture is unentangled. It is found that entangled pure states for this generalized case have the same robustness as the restricted case of Vidal and Tarrach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steiner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Steiner, Michael/0000-0003-3199-0935 NR 10 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 054305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.054305 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 686AU UT WOS:000183298800107 ER PT J AU Prevosto, D Lucchesi, M Capaccioli, S Casalini, R Rolla, PA AF Prevosto, D Lucchesi, M Capaccioli, S Casalini, R Rolla, PA TI Correlation between configurational entropy and structural relaxation time in glass-forming liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VOLUME TEMPERATURE RELATIONS; ADAM-GIBBS MODEL; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ORTHO-TERPHENYL; PRESSURE; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION; FRAGILITY; DYNAMICS; FORMERS AB Recent studies relate the slowing down of the structural relaxation time of supercooled liquids to a decrease of the excess entropy S-exc of the melt with respect to the crystal. The theoretical basis of such a result was often found in the Adam Gibbs (AG) theory, implicitly assuming a proportionality between S-exc and the configurational entropy S-c of the system. This work presents a direct test of the connection between dynamics and S-exc over a wide temperature and pressure interval for three different glass forming systems, o-terphenyl, triphenylchloromethane, and poly(methylmethacrylate). Moreover, a method, based on the AG theory, to estimate the isothermal and the isobaric contribution of S-exc to S-c is proposed. Finally, some comments on the dependence of the fragility on pressure are discussed. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, INFM, UdR Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Via F Buonarroti 2, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RI Prevosto, Daniele/N-7245-2013; Capaccioli, Simone/A-8503-2012 OI Prevosto, Daniele/0000-0003-1029-0972; Capaccioli, Simone/0000-0003-4866-8918 NR 36 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 17 AR 174202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.174202 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 686AZ UT WOS:000183299400044 ER PT J AU Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Penano, JR Gordon, DF AF Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Penano, JR Gordon, DF TI Electron distribution function in short-pulse photoionization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; LASER IONIZATION; ACCELERATION; INTENSITY; ATOMS; GASES; FIELD AB Two well-known limiting regimes of photoionization, when a laser beam interacts with a gas, correspond to the tunneling and the multiphoton processes. The latter dominates in the low-intensity regime, while the former is appropriate at higher intensities. Electrons are born with negligible velocity in tunneling ionization, while in l-photon ionization they are born with a fixed energy determined by l, the photon energy and the ionization potential of the molecule. The transport equation for the distribution function of electrons can be integrated along the characteristics defined by the classical equations of motion in the laser field. Expressions for the distribution function have been obtained in the two regimes using the appropriate analytical form for the ionization rate. Results from two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and illustrative plots of the distribution function are presented and discussed. C1 Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), Icarus Res Inc, POB 30780, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 056407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056407 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GC UT WOS:000183482400078 ER PT J AU Panarina, OE Panarin, YP Vij, JK Spector, MS Shashidhar, R AF Panarina, OE Panarin, YP Vij, JK Spector, MS Shashidhar, R TI Comparison of the characteristics of the chiral analog of the de Vries type of smectic-A(*) phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SMECTIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; LAYER THICKNESS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CRITICAL-POINT; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; TILT; MOLECULES; ANGLE AB In this paper we compare the results of three ferroelectric materials that exhibit unusual smectic-A (SmA) phases. These phases have been assigned to chiral analogs of the de Vries SmA phase. Several experimental techniques have been employed for this investigation. The possible molecular structures of de Vries SmA(*) phases are discussed. C1 Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Adv Mat Lab, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. Dublin Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Commun Engn, Dublin 8, Ireland. USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vij, JK (reprint author), Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Adv Mat Lab, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM jvij@tcd.ie RI Panarin, Yuri/I-5649-2013 OI Panarin, Yuri/0000-0002-7030-5614 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 051709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.051709 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GA UT WOS:000183482200048 PM 12786166 ER PT J AU Thomas, E Jackson, JD Wallace, EA Ganguli, G AF Thomas, E Jackson, JD Wallace, EA Ganguli, G TI Observations of low frequency oscillations due to transverse sheared flows SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY SHEAR; PLASMA-WAVES; INSTABILITIES; FIELD; MODE; ACCELERATION; FLUCTUATIONS; CONFINEMENT; IONOSPHERE; GENERATION AB This Letter details observations of low frequency (i.e., omegaless than or equal toOmega(i), where Omega(i) is the ion cyclotron frequency), coherent instabilities in the Auburn Linear Experiment for Instability Studies (ALEXIS). In the ALEXIS device, which is a 1.8-m long magnetized plasma column, the observed instabilities are excited by the presence of sheared flows in the plasma that are transverse to the axial magnetic field. The instabilities have long azimuthal wavelengths (mless than or equal to2) and are localized in the plasma to regions where the sheared flow is maximized and are anticorrelated to both density gradients and field aligned currents. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thomas, E (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1191 EP 1194 DI 10.1063/1.1567287 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DM UT WOS:000182450100003 ER PT J AU Hafizi, B Ting, A Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P Penano, JR AF Hafizi, B Ting, A Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P Penano, JR TI Relativistic effects on intense laser beam propagation in plasma channels SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SHORT-PULSE LASER; PARTIALLY STRIPPED PLASMAS; WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATOR; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; WAVE-GUIDE; PREFORMED PLASMA; RAMAN-SCATTERING; NONLINEAR-THEORY; OPTICAL BEAMS AB Propagation characteristics of a radiation beam in a preformed, tapered plasma channel are analyzed by means of an envelope equation for the beam spot size. The model allows for relativistic focusing and ponderomotive channeling, radial and axial density gradients, and is valid for arbitrary intensity. The characteristics of laser beam propagation are shown to be governed by two parameters, the ratio of laser power to the critical power for relativistic focusing, and a dimensionless focusing strength parameter that includes contributions from both relativistic and channel focusing. The envelope equation provides a unified approach for exploring diverse applications such as designing a tapered laser wakefield accelerator or a plasma lens. The model is employed in interpretation of pump-probe laser propagation experiments and an x-ray source experiment. Full-scale simulations of a plasma channel lens are presented and shown to be in excellent agreement with the analytical results. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Icarus Res Inc, POB 30780, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. NR 90 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1483 EP 1492 DI 10.1063/1.1562937 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DM UT WOS:000182450100036 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Goswami, R Sternovsky, Z Robertson, S Gavrishchaka, V Ganguli, G Joyce, G AF Lampe, M Goswami, R Sternovsky, Z Robertson, S Gavrishchaka, V Ganguli, G Joyce, G TI Trapped ion effect on shielding, current flow, and charging of a small object in a plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MOTION-LIMITED THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONS; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; EXCHANGE AB The problem of electrostatic shielding around a small spherical collector immersed in nonflowing plasma, and the related problem of electron and ion flow to the collector, date to the origins of plasma physics. Calculations have typically neglected collisions, on the grounds that the mean free path is long compared to the Debye length. However, it has long been suspected that negative-energy trapped ions, created by occasional collisions, could be important. This paper presents self-consistent analytic calculations of the density and distribution function of trapped and untrapped ions, the potential profile, the ion and electron current to the collector, and the floating potential and charge of the collector. Under typical conditions for dust grains immersed in a discharge plasma, trapped ions are found to dominate the shielding near the grain, substantially increase the ion current to the grain, and suppress the floating potential and grain charge, even when the mean free path is much greater than the Debye length. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI STERNOVSKY, ZOLTAN/0000-0002-9658-1350 NR 27 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1500 EP 1513 DI 10.1063/1.1562163 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DM UT WOS:000182450100038 ER PT J AU Laming, JM Grun, J AF Laming, JM Grun, J TI Improved models for the dynamical overstability of radiative blast waves SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; STRUCTURE COLLISION STRENGTHS; AVERAGED RATE COEFFICIENTS; SHOCK-WAVES; ATOMIC DATA; CROSS-SECTION; IRON PROJECT; N-III; STABILITY; IONS AB Further developments in atomic physics calculations of radiative cooling designed to interpret experimental observations of overstability in radiating decelerating blast waves by Grun [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2738 (1991)] are described. A previous paper on the subject [Laming and Grun, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 125002 (2002)] showed that in order to be overstable, shocked gas must cool significantly in a distance downstream from the shock similar to the width of the shock transition itself. In this paper a more realistic model for the shock jump is employed, and significantly improved agreement between theory and experiment is found. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1614 EP 1618 DI 10.1063/1.1556603 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200011 ER PT J AU Metzler, N Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Karasik, M Serlin, V Mostovych, AN Obenschain, SP Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y AF Metzler, N Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Karasik, M Serlin, V Mostovych, AN Obenschain, SP Gardner, JH Aglitskiy, Y TI Laser imprint reduction with a shaping pulse, oscillatory Richtmyer-Meshkov to Rayleigh-Taylor transition and other coherent effects in plastic-foam targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT FORMATION; TIME PERTURBATION GROWTH; MASS OSCILLATIONS; INSTABILITY; FEEDOUT; DRIVEN; HYDRODYNAMICS; ACCELERATION AB A substantial reduction of the laser imprint with a short, low-energy "shaping" laser pulse incident upon a foam-plastic sandwich target prior to the main laser pulse has been demonstrated to be possible [Metzler , Phys. Plasmas 9, 5050 (2002)]. Nonuniformity of this shaping pulse, however, produces standing sonic waves in the target. Laser-imprinted seeds for the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability growth then emerge from the interaction of these waves with the strong shock wave launched by the drive laser pulse. Such coherent interaction between different waves and modes perturbed at the same wavelength is shown to be important in a variety of situations relevant to the inertial confinement fusion studies. As an example, an oscillatory transition from the classical Richtmyer-Meshkov shock-interface instability development to the RT growth exhibiting a characteristic phase reversal in a target of finite thickness is described. Another example refers to the feedout mechanism of seeding the perturbations that come from the nonuniformities of the rear (inner) surface of the laser target. The coherent interaction between the strong shock wave from the main laser pulse and the rippled rarefaction wave produced by a low-intensity foot of the pulse produces observable effects, such as an extra phase reversal compared to the case of no foot. Some of these predictions are shown to be consistent with our new experimental results obtained in the feedout geometry on the Nike laser facility [S. P. Obenschain Phys. Plasmas 3, 2098 (1996)]. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, Beer Sheva, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22150 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1897 EP 1905 DI 10.1063/1.1560616 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200048 ER PT J AU Amatucci, WE Ganguli, G Walker, DN Gatling, G Balkey, M McCulloch, T AF Amatucci, WE Ganguli, G Walker, DN Gatling, G Balkey, M McCulloch, T TI Laboratory investigation of boundary layer processes due to strong spatial inhomogeneity SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID PLASMA SHEET BOUNDARY; ION HYBRID INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; ELECTROSTATIC-WAVES; DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; VELOCITY SHEAR; LOBE BOUNDARY; FREQUENCY AB Laboratory experiments have been conducted to simulate the dynamics of highly localized magnetospheric boundary layers. These regions, such as the plasma sheet boundary layer and the magnetopause, are primary regions of solar wind mass, energy, and momentum transport into the near-Earth space environment. During periods of solar activity, the boundary layers can become compressed to scale lengths less than an ion gyroradius. Theoretical predictions indicate that the plasma can respond to relax these highly stressed conditions through the generation of instabilities in the lower hybrid frequency range. The experiments reported here document the characteristics of waves associated with these instabilities. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amatucci, WE (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1970 DI 10.1063/1.1562631 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200056 ER PT J AU Back, CA Davis, J Grun, J Suter, LJ Landen, OL Hsing, WW Miller, MC AF Back, CA Davis, J Grun, J Suter, LJ Landen, OL Hsing, WW Miller, MC TI Multi-keV x-ray conversion efficiency in laser-produced plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID PULSE-WIDTH; ABLATION; EMISSION; IGNITION; TARGETS AB X-ray sources are created at the Nova and Omega laser by irradiating a confined volume of Ar and Xe gas. The gas is heated by 20-35 kJ of 0.35 mum laser light and becomes a highly ionized mm-sized x-ray source which emits K-shell or L-shell x rays. The radiator is "underdense," meaning that the initial electron density is lower than the critical density of the laser, n(c)similar to10(22) cm(-3). It is heated primarily by inverse bremsstrahlung, which produces a supersonic ionization wave. In this paper, x-ray conversion efficiency and imaging from time-resolved and time-integrated diagnostics are compared over a range of experimental parameters. This work represents an important, new method for development of efficient, large-area, tailored multi-keV x-ray sources. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Back, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-21,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2047 EP 2055 DI 10.1063/1.1566750 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200067 ER PT J AU Najmudin, Z Krushelnick, K Clark, EL Mangles, SPD Walton, B Dangor, AE Fritzler, S Malka, V Lefebvre, E Gordon, D Tsung, FS Joshi, C AF Najmudin, Z Krushelnick, K Clark, EL Mangles, SPD Walton, B Dangor, AE Fritzler, S Malka, V Lefebvre, E Gordon, D Tsung, FS Joshi, C TI Self-modulated wakefield and forced laser wakefield acceleration of electrons SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASERS; UNDERDENSE PLASMAS; ULTRA-INTENSE; PULSE; SCATTERING; GENERATION; WAVES; RAMAN; EXCITATION; EVOLUTION AB The interaction of intense laser pulses (power>30 TW) with underdense plasmas has been studied. In the regime where the pulse length is much longer than the plasma period (tau(l)>2piomega(p)(-1)), the laser pulse is found to be self-modulated at the plasma frequency by the forward Raman scattering instability. Wavebreaking of the resulting plasma wave results in energetic electrons being accelerated to more than 100 MeV. Reducing the pulse length so that tau(l)similar to2piomega(p)(-1), but retaining the same power, also leads to wavebreaking. This is a direct result of a combination of laser beam self-focusing, front-edge laser pulse steepening and relativistic lengthening of the plasma wave wavelength, which can result in a forced growth of the wakefield plasma wave, even for initially nonresonant laser pulses (tau(l)not equalpiomega(p)(-1)). Since, in this forced laser wakefield regime, the interaction of the plasma wave and the bunch of accelerated electrons with the laser pulse is reduced, this can result in higher energy gain (to beyond 200 MeV) and better beam quality. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, ENSTA, Lab Opt Apliquee, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. CEA, DAM Ile France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Najmudin, Z (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. RI Lefebvre, Erik/B-9835-2009; Malka, Victor/F-5260-2010; Mangles, Stuart/F-9070-2014; OI Mangles, Stuart/0000-0003-2443-4201; Najmudin, Zulfikar/0000-0001-6323-4005 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2071 EP 2077 DI 10.1063/1.1564083 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200070 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Friedman, M Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, RH Obenschain, SP Kepple, P Wolford, M Hegeler, F Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Welch, D Rose, DV Searles, S AF Sethian, JD Friedman, M Giuliani, JL Lehmberg, RH Obenschain, SP Kepple, P Wolford, M Hegeler, F Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Welch, D Rose, DV Searles, S TI Electron beam pumped KrF lasers for fusion energy SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID POWER; AMPLIFIER; INCOHERENCE; PERFORMANCE; DEPOSITION; STABILITY; DIODES; IMPACT; SYSTEM AB In this paper, we describe the development of electron beam pumped KrF lasers for inertial fusion energy. KrF lasers are an attractive driver for fusion, on account of their demonstrated very high beam quality, which is essential for reducing imprint in direct drive targets; their short wavelength (248 nm), which mitigates the growth of plasma instabilities; and their modular architecture, which reduces development costs. In this paper we present a basic overview of KrF laser technology as well as current research and development in three key areas: electron beam stability and transport; KrF kinetics and laser propagation; and pulsed power. The work will be cast in context of the two KrF lasers at the Naval Research Laboratory, The Nike Laser (5 kJ, single shot), and The Electra Laser (400-700 J repetitively pulsed). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Jaycor, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Res Sci Instruments, Lanham, MD USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2142 EP 2146 DI 10.1063/1.1564082 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200079 ER PT J AU Arnaud, F Kapnik, E Meryman, HT AF Arnaud, F Kapnik, E Meryman, HT TI Use of hollow fiber membrane filtration for the removal of DMSO from platelet concentrates SO PLATELETS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DONOR PLATELETS; 2ND-MESSENGER EFFECTORS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; CRYOPRESERVATION; -80-DEGREES-C; AGGREGATION; ACTIVATION; ANTIGENS; PROTEIN; STORAGE AB It has been hypothesized that, in addition to freezing injury, some damage to platelets may result from the cell packing that occurs during removal of the cryoprotectant. This study examined DMSO removal by fluid exchange across hollow-fiber (HF) filters as an alternative to centrifugation. The DMSO solution with or without cell suspension was passed once through the filter. The optimum exchange during unloading of DMSO was determined by varying the flow rates in the external and internal compartments of the HF filter. Initially, buffered solutions of a 5% DMSO solution in the absence of platelets were pumped into the fibers and exchanged against PBS. The residual DMSO was determined by osmometry. The exchange of DMSO across the membrane was flow dependent and also influenced by the chemical nature of the HF fibers. No protocol using a reasonable rate flow through the fibers removed more than 95% of the DMSO in a single pass. The optimum protocol was achieved with polysynthane fibers with an internal flow rate of approximately 20 ml/min and an external flow rate of 100 ml/min. Subsequently, frozen/thawed platelet concentrates in DMSO were washed using centrifugation and compared to the HF filtration method. Platelet quality was assayed by flowcytometry, cell count, morphology and osmotic stress test. Both filtration and centrifugal washing techniques resulted in comparable morphological scores and numbers of discoid cells. When agents reducing platelet activation were added, platelet quality was improved after washing by either technique. The lower platelet osmotic response with HF filtration than with centrifugation while using activation inhibitors was attributed to the remaining amount of the inhibitors. All other parameters tested were similar. The expression of CD62P was equivalent with both techniques, and centrifugation did not activate platelets more than filtration contrary to what was originally anticipated. In conclusion, platelet quality was comparable after washing by either technique but hollow fiber filtration does remove cryoprotectant more rapidly than does centrifugation. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Program, Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Arnaud, F (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Program, Resuscitat Med Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0953-7104 J9 PLATELETS JI Platelets PD MAY PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1080/0953710031000092811 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Hematology SC Cell Biology; Hematology GA 683JU UT WOS:000183145600001 PM 12850836 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Overview of spin transport electronics in metals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE magnetic random access memory (MRAM); magnetoelectronics; random access memory (RAM); spin electronics; spin injection; spintronics; spin relaxation ID GIANT-MAGNETORESISTANCE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; FILMS; ACCUMULATION; MULTILAYERS; INTERFACE; SWITCH; CHARGE AB Spintronics has emerged as an exciting and dynamic field of research and development that spans numerous disciplines, including condensed matter physics, materials science, optical science and electrical engineering. The field can be divided roughly into two approaches. The first seeks to utilize the unique properties of ferromagnetic materials for novel functionality in electronic devices by incorporating a magnetic element in a device structure. This approach relies on spin-dependent transport of conduction electrons for integrating a magnetic bit state with charge-based electronic technology. Applications include magnetic field sensors incorporated as read heads and integrated, nonvolatile magnetic random-access memories. The second theme is less conventional and seeks to utilize populations. of spin-polarized electrons, or individual magnetic moments, for entirely new paradigms of information processing such as quantum computing. Research in these two areas finds common ground with the study of the optical and/or electronic spin transport properties of conduction electrons. This paper will focus on relatively near term applications, represented by the first, more conventional theme, and on basic principles of spin-polarized transport. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 2003 VL 91 IS 5 BP 652 EP 660 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2003.811808 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 681LQ UT WOS:000183038000002 ER PT J AU Jonker, BT AF Jonker, BT TI Progress toward electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons into semiconductors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Review DE electroluminescence (EL); ferromagnetic; giant magnetoresistance (GMR); magnetic semiconductor; magnetoelectronics; quantum selection rules; Rowell criteria; Schottky barrier; spin injection; spin polarization; spin-LED; spintronics ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METAL INTERFACE; STACKING-FAULTS; FE FILMS; GAAS AB The use of carrier spin as a new degree-of-freedom in semiconductor devices offers new functionality and performance. However efforts to implement semiconductor spintronics have been crippled by the lack of an efficient and practical means to electrically inject spin polarized carriers into a semiconductor device heterostructure. This paper summarizes progress toward that end using magnetic semiconductors and ferromagnetic metals as spin injecting contacts. We describe a very successful approach which employs a ferromagnetic metal/tunnel barrier contact, where the tunnel barrier is simply a tailored Schottky barrier which forms naturally between the ferromagnetic metal and the semiconductor itself Initial efforts have demonstrated electron spin polarizations of at least 32% in GaAs quantum-well LED heterostructures. Significantly higher spin injection efficiencies are anticipated in optimized structures. These results demonstrate that spin injecting contacts can be formed using a very familiar and widely employed contact methodology, providing a ready pathway for the integration of spin transport into semiconductor processing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil NR 108 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 2003 VL 91 IS 5 BP 727 EP 740 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2003.811802 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 681LQ UT WOS:000183038000008 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Roland, CM Hassan, SE AF Mott, PH Roland, CM Hassan, SE TI Strains in an inflated rubber sheet SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRACRANIAL SACCULAR ANEURYSMS; AMORPHOUS POLYMER NETWORKS; DIFFUSED-CONSTRAINT THEORY; NATURAL-RUBBER; ELASTICITY; DEFORMATION; MEMBRANES; SYSTEM; TESTS AB A technique to measure the strain distribution of an inflated membrane is described, and applied to natural rubber inflated to pole biaxial strains of 12%, 26%, and 33%. The radial strain was found to be nearly constant over the entire surface, while the circumferential strain falls to zero at the edge. Thus, biaxial deformation is limited to a narrow region in the vicinity of the pole. These results are quite different from (the very limited) data published previously. The stress-strain behavior was also measured in uniaxial tension, and the strain distribution of the inflated membrane calculated using finite elements. The experiment results and the modeling were in good agreement. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Prop Hydrodynam & Silencing Div, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Mott, PH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.5254/1.3547746 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 702EK UT WOS:000184211600005 ER PT J AU Ladner, W Moseley, J AF Ladner, W Moseley, J TI Managing oceanographic data to support multiple requirements - A conceptual design for managing large heterogeneous data sets to optimize geospatial product development SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. SPAWAR Informat Technol Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Ladner, W (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 681QY UT WOS:000183047900005 ER PT J AU Petry, FE Cobb, MA Paprzycki, M Ali, D AF Petry, FE Cobb, MA Paprzycki, M Ali, D TI An agent system for managing uncertainty in the integration of spatio-environmental data SO SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE fuzzy databases; information retrieval; large-scale systems; geography ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; FUZZY K-MEANS; DECISION-SUPPORT; CLASSIFICATION; SETS AB Recent applications in environmental systems have necessitated the integration of data from multiple, heterogeneous sources. The integration process involves challenges related to issues of uncertainty and imprecision associated with both the data and the process itself. While the handling of uncertainty in geographical information systems (GIS) has been a focal point of research in recent years, the additional challenges of dealing with multiple data sources and types, as well as specific fields of analysis, lead to much more complex situations. In this paper, we present a framework for the use of fuzzy mobile agents to address these additional challenges from the standpoint of large-scale environmental systems. C1 USN, Res Lab Mapping Charting & Geodesy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Petry, FE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab Mapping Charting & Geodesy, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM petry@eecs.tulane.edu RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-7643 J9 SOFT COMPUT JI Soft Comput. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 7 IS 6 BP 402 EP 411 DI 10.1007/S00500-002-0229-z PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 818TX UT WOS:000221268500005 ER PT J AU Shaffer, J AF Shaffer, J TI 'Great Cato's descendants': A genealogy of colonial performance SO THEATRE SURVEY LA English DT Article ID VALLEY-FORGE; 'CATO' C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Shaffer, J (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0040-5574 J9 THEATRE SURVEY JI Theatre Surv. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 5 EP 28 PG 24 WC Theater SC Theater GA 698UH UT WOS:000184017000001 ER PT J AU Qadri, SB Singh, A Yousuf, M AF Qadri, SB Singh, A Yousuf, M TI Structural stability of PbS films as a function of temperature SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS) CY JUN 18-21, 2002 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE PbS films; structured stability; temperature; X-ray diffraction; resistivity ID BAND-STRUCTURE; LEAD SULFIDE; PHOTOEMISSION AB PbS films are used as a Pb2+-ion selective sensor and IR detector. However, this material fails at an elevated temperature. In order to get insight of the origin of its failure, we performed high temperature structural studies of PbS films using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction. At normal temperature and pressure (NTP), PbS film has an face centered cubic lattice and is in rock-salt (B 1) structure. At NTP, the band gap of this film is 0.45 eV. Our studies show that at similar to375 K, PbS film undergoes a subtle structural transition from rock-salt (B1) to zinc-blende (B3) structure. This B3-phase of PbS film is found to be metastable. In order to correlate our findings on structural transition with the conducting characteristics, we performed a four-point probe electrical resistivity measurement on the B3-phase of PbS films. In contrast to a band gap of 0.45 eV in B1-phase, our results show that the band gap in B3-phase is 0.127 eV, less by a factor of similar to3.5. Based on our present investigation, we conjecture that the temperature induced structural transition of PbS film into a metastable B3-phase having a reduced energy band gap is the origin of the failure of PbS film as an Pb2+-ion selective sensor and IR detector at high temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Qadri, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 431 BP 506 EP 510 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00245-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 692VG UT WOS:000183680500103 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL AF Jensen, KL TI On the application of quantum transport theory to electron sources SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Field Emission Symposium (FIELD EMISSION 2001) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE vacuum microelectronics; cold cathodes; Fowler-Nordheim theory ID FIELD-EMITTER ARRAYS; VACUUM MICROELECTRONICS; EMISSION MECHANISM; SURFACE; AMPLIFIERS; CATHODES; DIAMOND; SILICON; CHARGE; CARBON AB Electron sources (e.g., field emitter arrays, wide band-gap (WBG) semiconductor materials and coatings, carbon nanotubes, etc.) seek to exploit ballistic transport within the vacuum after emission from microfabricated structures. Regardless of kind, all sources strive to minimize the barrier to electron emission by engineering material properties (work function/electron affinity) or physical geometry (field enhancement) of the cathode. The unique capabilities of cold cathodes, such as instant ON/OFF performance, high brightness, high current density, large transconductance to capacitance ratio, cold emission, small size and/or low voltage operation characteristics, commend their use in several advanced devices when physical size, weight, power consumption, beam current, and pulse repletion frequency are important, e.g., RF power amplifier such as traveling wave tubes (TWTs) for radar and communications, electrodynamic tethers for satellite deboost/reboost, and electric propulsion systems such as Hall thrusters for small satellites. The theoretical program described herein is directed towards models to evaluate emission current from electron sources (in particular, emission from WBG and Spindt-type field emitter) in order to assess their utility, capabilities and performance characteristics. Modeling efforts particularly include: band bending, non-linear and resonant (Poole-Frenkel) potentials, the extension of one-dimensional theory to multi-dimensional structures, and emission site statistics due to variations in geometry and the presence of adsorbates. Two-particular methodologies, namely, the modified Airy approach and metal-semiconductor statistical hyperbolic/ellipsoidal model, are described in detail in their present stage of development. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, ESTD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 48 AR PII S0304-3991(02)00295-4 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00295-4 PG 20 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 641DD UT WOS:000180728400004 PM 12535543 ER PT J AU Tadaki, DK Williams, A Lee, KP Kirk, AD Harlan, DM AF Tadaki, DK Williams, A Lee, KP Kirk, AD Harlan, DM TI Porcine CD80: cloning, characterization, and evidence for its role in direct human T-cell activation SO XENOTRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE B7; CD80; MLR; porcine ID HEART ALLOGRAFT ACCEPTANCE; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PASSENGER LEUKOCYTES; VASCULARIZED XENOGRAFTS; COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES; RECOGNITION PATHWAY; DENDRITIC CELLS; TNF-ALPHA; EXPRESSION AB Previous studies has shown that human anti-pig reactivity in mixed lymphocyte cultures require the indirect presentation of antigens by human antigen presenting cells (APC). Xenoreactivity was inhibited by blockade of human costimulatory molecules. We investigated the role of porcine costimulatory molecules in their ability to activate human T cells directly. Porcine CD80 was cloned from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated porcine lymphocytes. Sequence analysis showed a high degree of conservation in residues involved in CD28/CTLA4. COS cells transfected with porcine CD80 was able to activate human T cells in a cyclosporine independent manner, demonstrating that porcine CD80 can costimulate human T cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) activated porcine splenocytes have been shown to up-regulate B7s. In order to test the effect of costimulation blockade in a xeno system, activated splenocytes were cultured with purified CD4+ T cells. The results demonstrated that these cells were capable of activating human T cells and this activation can be blocked by using an antihuman CD80 antibody that demonstrated cross-reactivity to porcine CD80. Non-cross reactive antibodies had no effect, again suggesting direct activation of the human T cells. These data suggest that a reagent that can block both the direct and indirect activation is necessary for a discordant xenotransplant. C1 USN, NIDDK, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Gene Log Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. RP Tadaki, DK (reprint author), USN, NIDDK, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Med Res Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 42 Room 2416, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-665X J9 XENOTRANSPLANTATION JI Xenotransplantation PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3089.2003.02004.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Transplantation SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Transplantation GA 667YK UT WOS:000182262300007 PM 12694545 ER PT J AU Shih, A Yater, JE Hor, C Abrams, R AF Shih, A Yater, JE Hor, C Abrams, R TI Oxidation of thin scandium films SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermionic emission; dispenser cathode; thermal desorption; scandate cathode; scandium; scandium oxide ID LAYER SCANDATE CATHODES; EMISSION; SC AB Thin Sc films (namely, 20 layers or thinner) are studied as a function of oxygen exposure using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) measurements. While AES data indicate that surface Sc layers oxidize rapidly, TPD data indicate that at room temperature the oxidation process is confined to the top layers. The surface oxide layer, about 5 layers thick, protects the Sc underneath from oxidation. However, thin Sc films can be completely oxidized by heating the W substrate to a temperature between 220 and 420 degreesC during oxygen exposure. The enhanced oxidation is the consequence of the coalescence of surface oxide, which breaks the protective surface oxide layer, exposing the Sc underneath to oxygen. AES measurements reveal that Sc oxide in the surface layers of an oxidized Sc film is SC2O3. However, Sc and ScO are the only Sc-containing species found among the desorption products, and their relative amounts depend on the extent of oxidation of the film. Between 1400 and 1600 K during a TPD process, some of the SC2O3 interact with W and Sc and dissociate into Sc2O2 while W and Sc are oxidized. Those Sc atoms which are not consumed during the oxidation-reduction interaction adsorb on SC2O2. The large amount of Sc that desorbs from Sc2O2 between 1500 and 1700 K reveals that the surface area of Sc2O2 is 4.2 times the surface area of the W substrate, indicating that Sc202 coalesces into clusters. Sc2O2 then dissociates into ScO, which sublimates above 1650 K. In most oxidized Sc films, copious SC2O3 could remain after depletion of the supply of reducing agents (W and Sc). The remaining layers of SC2O3 dissociate into ScO and ScO2 above 1850 K when ScO sublimates, leaving behind ScO2. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shih, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6844, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 30 PY 2003 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00250-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 683UZ UT WOS:000183170000017 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Habasaki, J Hiwatari, Y Leon, C AF Ngai, KL Habasaki, J Hiwatari, Y Leon, C TI A combined molecular dynamics simulation, experimental and coupling model study of the ion dynamics in glassy ionic conductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Atomic Structure and Transport in Glassy Networks CY JUN 24-26, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID COMPLETE CONDUCTIVITY SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE AC CONDUCTIVITY; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY; IODIDE-SILVER SELENATE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; OXIDE GLASSES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB Dielectric relaxation measurements of the ion dynamics in glassy, molten and crystalline ionic conductors show general properties independent of chemical composition and structure. These include the appearance of a near-constant loss at high frequencies/low temperatures and the transition to a many-particle ion-hopping regime at lower frequencies. We use a combination of molecular dynamics simulation, experimental data analysis and the coupling model to characterize the ion dynamics in the near-constant-loss regime, the transition zone, and the many-particle ion-hopping regime. An improved understanding is gained of the origin of the near-constant loss and the evolution of the ion dynamics, from short times when the ions are caged, to long times when they are no longer caged but participate in the many-particle dynamics, giving rise finally to dc conductivity. Reasons are given to refute criticism of use of the electric modulus to represent and interpret experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, GFMC, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Habasaki, Junko/B-9283-2015 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Habasaki, Junko/0000-0002-2887-2340 NR 86 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 30 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 16 BP S1607 EP S1632 AR PII S0953-8984(03)60762-9 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/16/310 PG 26 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 679RR UT WOS:000182936200011 ER PT J AU Rivera, A Santamaria, J Leon, C Ngai, KL AF Rivera, A Santamaria, J Leon, C Ngai, KL TI Temperature dependence of the near constant loss in ionic conductors: a coupling model approach SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Atomic Structure and Transport in Glassy Networks CY JUN 24-26, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID GLASS TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; BAND CONDUCTIVITY SPECTRA; IODIDE-SILVER SELENATE; AC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; OXIDE GLASSES; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; JONSCHER BEHAVIOR AB We analyse experimental ac conductivity data of various glassy (61SiO(2).35Li(2)O.3Al(2)O(3).P2O5 and alkali triborates of formulae M2O.3B(2)O(3) with M = Li, Na, K or Rb) and crystalline ionic conductors (Li0.18La0.61TiO3 and yttria stabilized zirconia with a 16% molar yttria content, (Y2O3)(0.16)(ZrO2)(0.84)) at temperatures ranging from 400 down to 8 K. At sufficiently low temperatures the dielectric loss is found to be almost independent of frequency, and this near constant loss (NCL) shows a weak temperature dependence in all cases. We find good agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions of a new scheme for NCL based on the coupling model. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC, Dpto Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC, Dpto Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 30 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 16 BP S1633 EP S1642 AR PII S0953-8984(03)54813-5 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/16/311 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 679RR UT WOS:000182936200012 ER PT J AU Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Whitman, LJ Tarlov, MJ AF Petrovykh, DY Kimura-Suda, H Whitman, LJ Tarlov, MJ TI Quantitative analysis and characterization of DNA immobilized on gold SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE SCIENCE; X-RAY; ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; KINETICS; HYBRIDIZATION; ELECTRODES; THYMINE; AU(111) AB We describe the complementary use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to quantitatively characterize the immobilization of thiolated (dT)(25) single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold. When electron attenuation effects are accurately accounted for in the XPS analysis, the relative coverage values obtained by the two methods are in excellent agreement, and the absolute coverage can be calculated on the basis of the XPS data. The evolution of chemically specific spectral signatures during immobilization indicates that at lower coverages much of the DNA lies flat on the surface, with a substantial fraction of the thymine bases chemisorbed. At higher immobilization densities, the (dT)(25) film consists of randomly coiled ssDNA molecules each anchored via the thiol group and at possibly one or two other bases. We use two examples to demonstrate how the quantitative analysis can be applied to practical problems: the effects of different buffer salts on the immobilization efficiency; the immobilization kinetics. Buffers with divalent salts dramatically increase the efficiency of immobilization and result in very high surface densities (>5 x 10(13)/ cm(2)), densities that may only be possible if the divalent counterions induce strong attractive intermolecular interactions. In contrast with previous reports of alkanethiol adsorption kinetics on gold, ssDNA immobilization in 1 M phosphate buff er does not occur with Langmuir kinetics, a result attributable to rearrangement within the film that follows the initial adsorption. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petrovykh, DY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Petrovykh, Dmitri/A-3432-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Petrovykh, Dmitri/0000-0001-9089-4076; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 39 TC 269 Z9 272 U1 9 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 30 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 17 BP 5219 EP 5226 DI 10.1021/ja029450c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 671XZ UT WOS:000182491700047 PM 12708875 ER PT J AU Makela, JJ Kelley, MC AF Makela, JJ Kelley, MC TI Field-aligned 777.4-nm composite airglow images of equatorial plasma depletions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; EMISSIONS AB [1] We present a powerful tool to analyze two-dimensional field-aligned images of equatorial plasma depletions taken from mid-latitudes. By shifting each individual image by the sum of the longitudinal offsets obtained by performing a cross-correlation between successive images, a single composite image can be formed for the entire night. It is shown that these field-aligned composite images give information on the observation times of the depletions associated with spread-F as they pass by Hawaii. In addition, they can be used to estimate the formation time and location of the depletions to the west of the observing site. This technique also yields estimates of the eastward velocity and velocity shear of the depletions. We suggest that the information gained by using these images can be used to predict satellite scintillations at stations to the east of the observing station. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Makela, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7607, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 8 AR 1442 DI 10.1029/2003GL017106 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 678GF UT WOS:000182857600004 ER PT J AU Pugmire, DL Tarlov, MJ van Zee, RD Naciri, J AF Pugmire, DL Tarlov, MJ van Zee, RD Naciri, J TI Structure of 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold grown by solution and vapor techniques SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; LIQUID-METAL INTERFACE; MOLECULAR WIRES; X-RAY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; SILVER SURFACES; AU(111) AB Characteristics of decanethiol and 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol (p-BDMT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) grown using solution and vapor techniques were studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in-plane resistivity measurements. Self-assembled monolayers of decanethiol show nearly identical coverages for samples grown from solution and from vapor. Films of p-BDMT grown from solution show monolayer packing densities similar to those of alkanethiols, as indicated by the surface thiolate concentrations. A much different result is obtained for p-BDMT SAMs when grown from vapor. A monolayer packing density that is 12-16% higher than that of alkanethiols is observed with XPS and in-plane resistivity measurements. It is also shown that p-BDMT forms multilayers when SAMs are grown by both solution and vapor techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pugmire, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS E574, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dpugmire@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 9 BP 3720 EP 3726 DI 10.1021/la0208530 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 671LW UT WOS:000182467100024 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV AF Selinger, JV TI Chiral and antichiral order in bent-core liquid crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ACHIRAL MOLECULES; COPOLYMERS; FILMS AB Recent experiments have found a bent-core liquid crystal in which the layer chirality alternates from layer to layer, giving a racemic or "antichiral" material, even though the molecules are uniformly chiral. To explain this effect, we map the liquid crystal onto an Ising model, analogous to a model for chiral order in polymers. We calculate the phase diagram for this model and show that it has a second-order phase transition between antichiral order and homogeneous chiral order. We discuss how this transition can be studied by further chemical synthesis or by doping experiments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 165501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.165501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900022 PM 12731981 ER PT J AU Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Benford, G Volk, T Criswell, DR Green, C Herzog, H Jain, AK Kheshgi, HS Lackner, KS Lewis, JS Lightfoot, HD Manheimer, W Mankins, JC Mauel, ME Perkins, LJ Schlesinger, ME Volk, T Wigley, TML AF Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Benford, G Volk, T Criswell, DR Green, C Herzog, H Jain, AK Kheshgi, HS Lackner, KS Lewis, JS Lightfoot, HD Manheimer, W Mankins, JC Mauel, ME Perkins, LJ Schlesinger, ME Volk, T Wigley, TML TI Planning for future energy resources - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CLIMATE C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Houston, Inst Space Syst Operat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Econ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. MIT, Lab Energy & Environm, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Exxon Mobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. McGill Univ, Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hoffert, MI (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5619 BP 582 EP 584 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 671FB UT WOS:000182453700017 ER PT J AU Kidwell, DA Kidwell, JD Shinohara, F Harper, C Roarty, K Bernadt, K McCaulley, RA Smith, FP AF Kidwell, DA Kidwell, JD Shinohara, F Harper, C Roarty, K Bernadt, K McCaulley, RA Smith, FP TI Comparison of daily urine, sweat, and skin swabs among cocaine users SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the International-Association-of-Forensic-Toxicologists CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Internat Assoc Forensic Toxicologists DE environmental contamination; sweat; urine; cocaine ID EXCRETION; BENZOYLECGONINE; HAIR; INGESTION; MARIJUANA; HEROIN; ABUSE AB This study (1) compares urine, skin swabs, and PharruChek(TM) sweat patches for monitoring drug use; (2) measures possible environmental contamination in recent cocaine (COC) users; and (3) evaluates various immunoassays (IA) for screening COC in diverse matrices. Unique aspects include daily urine monitoring of 10 participants for 4 weeks, multiple monitoring methods, analysis for all specimens by IA and gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS), and the potential for continued illicit drug use by participants. Urine served as the "gold standard" specimen for determining drug use. Only cocaine and related substances were detected. Trace amounts of drugs were found on the skin (<50 ng per swab) of urine-negative participants' hands or forehead. In contrast, larger quantities of COC were found on the skin of individuals with BE-positive urines or individuals living with drug users (up to 20 mug per swab). Patch COC amounts among the three regular users (250-9000, 0-240, 160-22,000 ng per patch) exceeded BE (50-950, none, 30-2200 ng per patch). Pre-swabs, valuable for interpreting the source or time frame of positive patch results, contained substantial COC (38-1160, 0-152, 34-762 ng per swab) prior to patch application; therefore, patch results may represent current use, prior use, contamination, or a combination. In three individuals with no indication of cocaine use, false positives (defined as sweat patch positive when urine specimens were <300 ng BE/ml) occurred at a 7% rate. Proposed cut-off concentrations of 75 ng cocaine per patch and 300 ng BE/ml urine curtail the incidence of false positives in this limited population. Three immunoassays were compared to screen specimens for cocaine: a modified, manual Microgenics CEDIA; a Cozart ELISA; and an OraSure ELISA. CEDIA's limit of detection (LOD) was 81 ng/ml, compared with LODs of 4 ng/ml for the Cozart ELISA and 1.5 ng/ml for the OraSure ELISA. Cozart correlated with OraSure results for COC concentrations <2000 ng per swab (n = 117), r(2) = 0.79. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Justice Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kidwell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD APR 23 PY 2003 VL 133 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00051-3 PG 16 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 681GJ UT WOS:000183028200011 PM 12742691 ER PT J AU Fortmann, CM Mahan, AH Ward, S Anderson, WA Tonucci, R Hata, N AF Fortmann, CM Mahan, AH Ward, S Anderson, WA Tonucci, R Hata, N TI Hot-wire photonics: materials, science, and technology SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE amorphous silicon; photonics; H-implantation; optical switches ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; PROSPECTS AB The prospect of an integrated photonic technology has fueled an effort to understand the optical properties and to gauge the photonic engineering potential of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-based materials. Of particular interest for photonic engineering is the tunable range of the refractive index in amorphous silicon and the fast and slow light induced optical changes. The advance of photonic-engineered amorphous silicon technology requires an investigation into the relationships among fabrication processes, material properties, and the interrelations among the various optically important parameters. Here, the experimental investigation into H-implant refractive engineered amorphous silicon materials is detailed. Interestingly, the H-implant can interact with the amorphous structure to produce compacting of the structure, which may indicate refractive index increase. In addition, the evolving prospects for an amorphous silicon-based photonic technology will be up-dated. Waveguide-based light valve structures for the further scientific investigation of light induced refractive index change in amorphous silicon and technological applications are described. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. RP Fortmann, CM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Hata, Nobuhiro/F-9579-2014 OI Hata, Nobuhiro/0000-0002-8132-0895 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00134-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800063 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR TI The solar wind and its magnetic sources at sunspot maximum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID FIELD; FLUX AB We use in situ measurements from the Advanced Composition Explorer and magnetograph data from the National Solar Observatory to relate the properties of the solar wind during 1998-2002 to its source region magnetic fields. The great bulk of the solar maximum wind is characterized by low proton speeds (v(p) similar to 420 km s(-1)) and high oxygen charge state ratios (n(O7+)/n(O6+) similar to 0.3). This slow wind originates from small, sheared open-field regions located near active regions and characterized by very large flux tube expansion factors (f(exp)>>410) and high footpoint field strengths (B-0 similar to 30 G). In contrast, the occasional high-speed streams emanate from weak-field regions (B-0 similar to 5 G) with small expansion factors (f(exp) similar to 4) and show relatively low charge state ratios (n(O7+)/n(O6+) similar to 0.1); their proton velocities (v(p) similar to 550 km s(-1)) are substantially reduced by interactions with the surrounding sea of low-speed wind. We attribute the high freeze-in temperatures of the slow wind to enhanced heating taking place in the low corona in the presence of the very strong, rapidly diverging source fields, which are found to be correlated with high mass and energy flux densities at the coronal base. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 587 IS 2 BP 818 EP 822 DI 10.1086/368302 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 666CR UT WOS:000182159400033 ER EF