FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI Space-time vector delta-sigma modulation SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 26-29, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB Classical delta-sigma modulation gains resolution through temporal oversampling by using a high-speed, low-resolution quantizer and shaping the resulting quantization errors out of the signal band. Likewise, spatial delta-sigma modulation is often used in image halftoning to create high-visual-quality binary images. We consider combining spatial and temporal delta-sigma modulation to reduce temporal oversampling requirements in high-SNR antenna transmit arrays using simple high-power switches as the output amplifiers. We introduce a vector delta-sigma architecture that allows noise shaping jointly in both temporal and spatial frequency. The two-dimensional pseudo-shift-invariant delta-sigma architecture commonly used for image halftoning is realized as a special case, and we consider when such a simplified model may be appropriate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7448-7 PY 2002 BP 719 EP 722 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX74V UT WOS:000186328000181 ER PT B AU Miller, JB McEachen, JC Loomis, HH Tope, MA Copeland, DB AF Miller, JB McEachen, JC Loomis, HH Tope, MA Copeland, DB GP IEEE IEEE TI An analysis of noise in timing-based communications over local area networks SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 26-29, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB In a communications channel based on the timing of information, noise is introduced by any delay of the information as it is transmitted across the network. We examine this noise by measuring the deviation of timing differences as packets are transmitted across local area networks. Parameters affecting these timing differences are determined to include the operating system, the level of background network traffic, and the performance characteristics of the host computer and network. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 833 Dyer Rd,Room 437,Code EC-MJ, Monterey, CA 92943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7448-7 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX74X UT WOS:000186328700001 ER PT S AU Kafafi, ZH AF Kafafi, ZH GP IEEE IEEE TI Bright and efficient molecular light-emitting devices SO 2002 IEEE/LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7500-9 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2002 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV68X UT WOS:000179772700177 ER PT S AU Qiu, J Abe, D Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B AF Qiu, J Abe, D Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B BE Hamilton, R TI Traveling-wave tube amplifier performance evaluation and design optimization for applications in multi-level digital communications SO 2002 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, MTTS AB In this paper we use power margin as a figure of merit for evaluating the performance of TWT amplifiers used in multi-level digital communications applications. Power margin is better at predicting the system level performance of TWT amplifiers than device-level measures like EVM. We compare the calculated power margin performances for helix TWT circuits optimized with different optimization goal functions in CHRISTINE. A digital goal function that provides enhanced power margin is constructed to demonstrate the approach of TWT circuit design optimization from a system perspective. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Qiu, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7239-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2002 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2002.1011654 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV24N UT WOS:000178310900105 ER PT S AU Funk, EE Campillo, AL Tulchinsky, DA AF Funk, EE Campillo, AL Tulchinsky, DA BE Hamilton, R TI Nonlinear distortion and crosstalk in microwave fiber-radio links SO 2002 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, MTTS ID SYSTEMS AB Dispersion and fiber nonlinearities are potentially significant sources of impairment in fiber-radio links. An experimental study of second harmonic distortion and WDM cross-talk in externally modulated microwave fiber-radio links indicates that these impairments are much more significant than previously observed at CATV frequencies below 1 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Funk, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7239-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2002 BP 1691 EP 1693 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV24N UT WOS:000178310900395 ER PT S AU Binari, SC Klein, PB Kazior, TE AF Binari, SC Klein, PB Kazior, TE BE Hamilton, R TI Trapping effects in wide-bandgap microwave FETs SO 2002 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, MTTS ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; GAN AB It is well known that trapping effects can limit the output power performance of microwave field-effect transistors. This is particularly true for the wide-bandgap devices. In this paper, we review the various trapping phenomena observed in SiC and GaN-based FETs that contribute to compromised power performance. For both of these material systems, trapping effects associated with both the surface and with the layers underlying the active channel have been identified. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binari, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7239-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2002 BP 1823 EP 1826 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV24N UT WOS:000178310900426 ER PT B AU Matsakis, D AF Matsakis, D GP IEEE IEEE TI USNO time and you SO 2002 IEEE POSITION LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL PALM SPRINGS, CA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB No one can stop time, but time can stop a system. Users need to be aware of the different flavors of time, depending upon their needs. Most systems require that all their components be on a common time (synchrony), but they can't keep them on time unless they are also on a common frequency (syntony). Other systems simply require syntony. The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) is die timing reference for GPS. Its Master Clock (MC) is based upon 72 HP5071 cesium and 17 hydrogen maser frequency standards in three buildings and two sites, and their data are used to generate UTC(USNO). The USNO disseminates and distributes the time not only via GPS, but also with Loran, Network Time Protocol (NTP), and Two-Way-Satellite Time-Transfer (TWSTT). Our emphasis is on robustness through repeated calibration and multiplicity of systems, and we recommend this for our users as well. Further details and explanations of our services can be found on http://tycho.usno.navy.mil, or by contacting the author directly. C1 USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Matsakis, D (reprint author), USN Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7251-4 PY 2002 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1109/PLANS.2002.998927 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BU50S UT WOS:000176200300047 ER PT B AU Savage, MW Turflinger, T Titus, JL Barsun, HF Sternberg, A Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Pease, RL AF Savage, MW Turflinger, T Titus, JL Barsun, HF Sternberg, A Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Pease, RL GP IEEE IEEE TI Variations in SET pulse shapes in the LM124A and LM111 SO 2002 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop held in Conjunction with IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC 2002) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Inst Elect Engineers Inc DE single event transient; SETs; heavy ion; LM124; LM111 ID SINGLE AB We present a paper that shows remarkable variation in Single-Event Transient (SET) pulse signal shape of the LM124 Operational Amplifier, and the LM111 Voltage Comparator. Both the data and the test methods used are presented. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Surface Warefare Ctr Div, Crane, IN 47422 USA. RP Savage, MW (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Surface Warefare Ctr Div, Crane, IN 47422 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7544-0 PY 2002 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV56D UT WOS:000179347500013 ER PT B AU Bugajska, MD Schultz, AC Trafton, JG Taylor, M Mintz, FE AF Bugajska, MD Schultz, AC Trafton, JG Taylor, M Mintz, FE GP IEEE IEEE TI A hybrid cognitive-reactive multi-agent controller SO 2002 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2002) CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2002 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Electr Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instruments & Control Engineers, INRIA Rhone Alpes Grenoble, EPFL Lausanne AB The purpose of this paper is to introduce a hybrid cognitive-reactive system, which integrates a machine-learning algorithm (SAMUEL, an evolutionary algorithm-based rule-learning system) with a computational cognitive model (written in ACT-R). In this system, the learning algorithm handles reactive aspects of the task and provides an adaptation mechanism, while the cognitive model handles cognitive aspects of the task and ensures the realism of the behavior. In this study, the controller architecture is used to implement a controller for a team of micro-air vehicles performing reconnaissance and surveillance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bugajska, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7398-7 PY 2002 BP 2807 EP 2812 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BV53N UT WOS:000179289100457 ER PT S AU Batra, NK Matic, P Everett, RK AF Batra, NK Matic, P Everett, RK BE Yuhas, DE Schneider, SC TI Sonic crystal composites for selective noise reduction SO 2002 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonic Symposium CY OCT 08-11, 2002 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc ID BAND-STRUCTURE; SCATTERING AB Commercially available sound absorbing materials attenuate sound over a broad frequency band. We are fabricating and characterizing geometrically compact composites called sonic crystals for shielding against noise generally limited to a particular frequency band. These sonic crystals have periodic arrays of macroscopic acoustic scatterers arranged in a pattern analogous to a single crystal lattice in a host matrix material. Most of the work done on sonic crystals so far has been using rod scatterers arranged in a 2-D lattice in air. Such sonic crystals have very little use as a noise reducing composites material for structures. Instead, we fabricated sonic crystals using solid metal spheres, or hollow metal beads arranged in a lattice pattern and embedded in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix. We demonstrate that in these composites, the sound transmission coefficient for certain frequencies drops abruptly, giving rise to frequency band gaps. In order to measure acoustic band gaps in these damping materials, an audio loudspeaker directs broadband sound at the specimen placed in a reflectionless acoustic enclosure. The transmitted sound is measured by a wide band microphone; fast Fourier transformed and normalized to obtain transmission coefficient spectra. Data was obtained, for example, on a sonic crystal made of 0.125-inch diameter metallic beads in a simple cubic lattice (13x13x13 array, with spacing of 0.16 inch between the beads) and cast in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix. We measured a band gap of similar to 3.8 kHz located at similar to 3.6 kHz where the drop in the transmission coefficient was similar to I I dB. The reduction in transmission coefficient in the band gaps depends upon the material properties of scatterers and host, fill ratio and lattice configuration. We will present detailed results for acoustic band gaps in the propagation of sound waves through several macroscopic sonic crystal composites with various types of scatterers arranged in three dimensions and explore their industrial uses for noise reduction. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Batra, NK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-7582-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 2002 BP 547 EP 550 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2002.1193462 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW47M UT WOS:000182111700120 ER PT B AU Crosby, F AF Crosby, F GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Geometric correction through complex interpolation SO 2002 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A method for the correction of images that are subject to spatial warping is presented. The correction method applies to two-dimensional images and employs the construction of a complex-valued interpolating polynomial. The construction is based on defining a set of points in an image whose desired location is known. The coefficients of the polynomial are shown to satisfy a recursion relation that simplifies implementation and improves evaluation efficiency. Results are presented for a two-dimensional slice from a magnetic resonance image. C1 USN, Suface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Suface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7622-6 PY 2002 BP 361 EP 364 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BX44X UT WOS:000185328900091 ER PT B AU Nicholson, CDRJ Howard, CM AF Nicholson, CDRJ Howard, CM GP IEEE IEEE TI Concept exploration phase III results for the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) requirements SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB The Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) is the Department of Defense's next-generation narrowband communications satellite system. Contracts with several industry teams have been completed for three phases of concept exploration studies regarding communication system concepts and preliminary architectures, cost-performance tradeoffs, and technical assessments of high-risk areas. Specifically, Concept Exploration Phase III focused on technical assessments and demonstrations of certain high-risk aspects of the teams' architectures, such as interoperability with the legacy system, payload and antenna design, waveform design, and link and capacity analysis. The results of these analyses and demonstrations have provided valuable insight into the level of risk related to general MUOS requirements and to specific architectures. This paper presents the results of studies specifically focused on transition from the legacy system, geolocation and interference mitigation, payload technology development, and a UHF link simulator. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, Commun Satellite Program Off, San Diego, CA USA. RP Nicholson, CDRJ (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Command, Commun Satellite Program Off, PMW 146, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 296 EP 301 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500053 ER PT B AU Adler, RW Gibbs, DS Lebaric, JE Schwarz, SS AF Adler, RW Gibbs, DS Lebaric, JE Schwarz, SS GP IEEE IEEE TI Helmet mounted UHF antenna for mobile user objective system (MUOS) SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB The Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) is the Navy's next generation narrowband tactical communications system that will provide a significant increase in capacity and link availability to disadvantaged users, including handheld terminals. Future MUOS antennas will have a receive band of 243 MHz - 270 MHz and a transmit band of 292 MHz - 317 MHz with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of less than three across both bands. Additionally, the antenna should be circularly polarized with a nearly omni-directional radiation pattern above 10 degrees in elevation for optimum satellite coverage. A helmet-mounted antenna that can meet the space and weight constraints imposed by the application is a two-turn spiral with a different pitch to each turn. Our design is a two-arm Archimedes spiral encapsulated in a nylon shell that fits over the standard-issue US Kevlar helmet. The antenna was modeled and simulated using Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. A half-power beamwidth of 120 degrees, a front-to-back (zenith-to-nadir) ratio of 3.6 dB; and a VSWR of less than three were achieved using a feed port impedance of 150 ohms. Recent work includes specific absorption rate (SAR) calculations and the addition of a reflector ring, which increases the front-to-back ratio and reduces the feed port impedance to the standard 50 ohms. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Adler, RW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500056 ER PT B AU Keskinen, MJ Kullstam, P AF Keskinen, MJ Kullstam, P GP IEEE IEEE TI An overall channel model for the Mobile User Objective System including ionospheric scintillation and terrestrial multipath SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA ID DELAY SPREAD AB Using a channel impulse response function formalism, an overall channel model which combines ionospheric scintillation fading and terrestrial multipath effects has been developed for the Mobile User Objective System (MUGS). For ionospheric scintillation fading we construct a channel impulse response function using a mutual coherence function. For terrestrial multipath we use a channel impulse response function based on a tapped-delay line model. We solve the combined model numerically using the Naval Research Laboratory Impulse Response Function Simulator code (NCIRFS) for several modulation waveforms for both frequency-selective and frequency nonselective fading conditions. We compute the delay spread for a simulated ground terminal in an urban and maritime fading environment. For an urban or maritime scintillation environment we find that the delay spread is a multiplicative combination of both multipath and ionospheric scintillation fading and can extend over several modulation periods. We present results for several waveforms and for combinations of fading and multipath environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 333 EP 337 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500060 ER PT B AU Kowalske, K Robertson, RC AF Kowalske, K Robertson, RC GP IEEE IEEE TI Effect of pulse noise jamming and phase noise on a coherent rake receiver with maximum-likelihood detection and convolutional coding SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA ID ERROR PROBABILITIES; BAND; INTERFERENCE AB The effect of pulse noise jamming and phase noise on a coherent RAKE receiver with convolutional coding is analyzed. The effect of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is also included in the analysis. The maximum-likelihood RAKE receiver for the combination of pulse noise and AWGN is derived. Pulse jamming usually has a significant effect when soft decision decoding is used, however, we show that the maximum-likelihood RAKE receiver effectively mitigates the effects of the pulse noise jammer. Phase noise causes an irreducible error floor when soft decision decoding is used. The maximum-likelihood RAKE receiver with hard decision decoding reduces the effect of pulse noise jamming and can provide performace below the irreducible error floor obtained with soft decision decoding. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kowalske, K (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Rc, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 703 EP 709 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500128 ER PT B AU Chia, ES Robertson, RC AF Chia, ES Robertson, RC GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance of serially concatenated convolutional codes with DPSK in the presence of pulsed noise jamming SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA ID PARTIAL-BAND INTERFERENCE; FREQUENCY-HOPPED MFSK; FADING CHANNEL AB In this paper, the bit error rate of four-state serially concatenated convolutional codes (SCCC) with DPSK, AWGN and pulsed noise jamming is examined. For low signal-to-noise ratios, simulation results are used, while for higher signal-to-noise ratios, an average upper bound is developed. Results show that at higher signal-to-jamming noise ratios, pulsed noise jamming rather than barrage jamming is the worst case. DPSK is not as good as BPSK when used with SCCC. Simulation results also showed that side information is not as useful for DPSK. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chia, ES (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Rc, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Chia, Eng Seng/E-4455-2011 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 753 EP 757 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500137 ER PT B AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Distributed algorithms for energy-efficient broadcasting in ad hoc networks SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB In our earlier work, we developed the Broadcast Incremental Power (BIP) algorithm, which is a centralized heuristic for energy-efficient broadcasting of source-initiated session-based traffic in wireless net-works. This algorithm, which exploits the characteristics of the wireless channel, was shown to perform better than adaptations of conventional algorithms that were originally developed for wired networks. However, as a consequence of its centralized nature, it is "expensive" in terms of both communication and computation requirements. In this paper, we develop two distributed versions of BIP, and compare their performance to that of centralized BIP and to an algorithm based on the minimum-cost spanning tree formulation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Code 5521, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 820 EP 825 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500150 ER PT B AU Adamson, RB Macker, JP AF Adamson, RB Macker, JP GP IEEE IEEE TI Quantitative prediction of Nack-oriented reliable multicast (NORM) feedback SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB We have applied the concept of truncated exponential timers for efficient reliable multicast feedback suppression for cases of both multicast and unicast feedback channels. Unicast feedback operation for multicast transport is becoming a more prevalent concerti with the advent of source specific multicast routing and asymmetric networks offering forward-based multicast (e.g., satellite distribution network). We discuss our approach to the design and its integration with a working reliable multicast protocol. We then present simulation results demonstrating that observed implementation performance matches the analytically predicted performance. Finally, we formulate a quantitative predictor of reliable multicast protocol feedback traffic levels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 964 EP 969 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500175 ER PT B AU Reddell, NF Welch, TB Bollt, EM AF Reddell, NF Welch, TB Bollt, EM GP IEEE IEEE TI A covert communication system using an optimized wideband chaotic carrier SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA ID SYNCHRONIZATION AB We explore the advantages of designing a communication system based on chaos by using digital signal processing techniques. Existing work developing chaotic communication schemes has been done on a theoretical basis or in component based electrical circuits that are not as flexible, particularly for research. Our work takes a unique technological approach towards exploring the benefits of chaos. We use discrete methods to implement chaotic dynamical systems. Most of our current results are from MATLAB simulations, but we are working towards implementing chaos on digital signal processors (DSPs). These high-speed processors produce a chaotic carrier through flexible software algorithms. The use of discrete methods allows for schemes that out perform earlier systems. We demonstrate a new dual synchronizing response system that exploits the ability to store samples over an entire bit period and then perform an intelligent comparison. Our results show better bit error probability in comparison to previously published chaotic techniques. We introduce a method and algorithms for improving the bit error performance of our scheme by systematically searching for better parameter sets. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Reddell, NF (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 1330 EP 1334 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500243 ER PT B AU Donald, SD McMillen, RV Ford, DK McEachen, JC AF Donald, SD McMillen, RV Ford, DK McEachen, JC GP IEEE IEEE TI Therminator 2: A thermodynamics-based method for real-time patternless intrusion detection SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB A novel system for conducting non-signature based, or patternless, intrusion detection of computer networks is presented The initial prototype has been installed at US. Pacific Command and Army Signal Command This system uses principles of thermodynamics to model network conversation characteristics. Observing the properties of entropy, energy and temperature within the system develops a notion of baseline operating conditions. Perturbations in these properties are considered potential intrusions for further investigation. System functions are decomposed into a network sensing device, a real-time processing component and a forensics component. State definitions for a variety of conditions are discussed Finally, examples of valid intrusions and other network perturbations in real traffic collected in network operation center backbones are presented. Preliminary results indicate this system has significant potential for revealing anomalies in large network systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Reconfigurable Intrus Detect Lab Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Donald, SD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Reconfigurable Intrus Detect Lab Res, 437 Dyer Rd,Code EC-Mj, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 1498 EP 1502 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500275 ER PT B AU Bugajska, MD Schultz, AC AF Bugajska, MD Schultz, AC BE Stoica, A Lohn, J Katz, R Keymeulen, D Zebulum, RS TI Coevolution of form and function in the design of micro air vehicles SO 2002 NASA/DOD CONFERENCE ON EVOLABLE HARDWARE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NASA/DOD Conference on Evolvable Hardware CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP NASA, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr ID EVOLUTION AB This paper discusses approaches to cooperative coevolution of form and function for autonomous vehicles, specifically evolving morphology, and control for an autonomous micro air vehicle (MAV). The evolution of a sensor suite with minimal size, weight, and power requirements, and reactive strategies for collision-free navigation for the simulated MAV is described. Results are presented for several different coevolutionary approaches to evolution of form and function (single- and multiple-species models) and for two different control architectures (a rulebase controller based on the SAMUEL learning system and a neural network controller implemented and evolved using ECkit). C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bugajska, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW,Code 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1718-8 PY 2002 BP 154 EP 163 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU89U UT WOS:000177322100021 ER PT B AU Xie, GG Irvine, C Levin, T AF Xie, GG Irvine, C Levin, T BE Wagner, R TI Quantifying effect of network latency and clock drift on time-driven key sequencing SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, Austrian Comp Soc, Informat Proc Soc Japan AB Time-driven Key Sequencing (TKS) is a key management technique that synchronizes the session key used by a set of communicating principals based on time of day. This relatively low cost method of session key, synchronization has been used in specialized distributed systems with low-end communicating devices where sessions arc sparse and each session spans a short time period comprising a small number of messages. In this paper; we describe how TKS may be useful in several scenarios involving high speed computer networks. More importantly, we present a performance model of TKS and conduct a detailed analysis to determine the impact of clock drift and network latency on the required key refresh rate. We give the exact conditions for determining the range of adequate key refresh rates, and demonstrate that the derived conditions arc sufficient to ensure that data are both protected and deliverable. Interestingly, these conditions may be used to obtain a key refresh rate that can tolerate a maximum amount of clock drift after other parameters in the system are fixed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xie, GG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1588-6 PY 2002 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1109/ICDCSW.2002.1030745 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BU81Y UT WOS:000177124400005 ER PT B AU Jacobsen, HA AF Jacobsen, HA BE Titsworth, FM TI Tutorial: OMG data distribution service SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP IEEE Comp Soc C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Jacobsen, HA (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1921-0 PY 2002 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW81L UT WOS:000183257600029 ER PT S AU Michael, JB AF Michael, JB GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI On the response policy of software decoys: Conducting software-based deception in the cyber battlespace SO 26TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY AUG 26-29, 2002 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc ID SELF-DECEPTION AB Intelligent software decoys employ deception techniques to maintain the interaction between themselves and calling processes or threads that violate the contracts of the software components that the decoys defend. The software decoys goal is to learn about the nature of such interactions before either terminating the interaction or treating the calling process or thread as a cyber combatant. Software components can be wrapped at any level of abstraction, from web applets to operating system calls. It is foreseeable that the decoying actions, termination of interaction, or counterattack by the decoy could in some way violate the law of armed conflict. In this paper we examine the response policy of software decoys in terms of discrimination, necessity, proportionality, and chivalry on the cyber battlefield. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Michael, JB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0730-3157 BN 0-7695-1727-7 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 2002 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1109/CMPSAC.2002.1045129 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV16P UT WOS:000178041100148 ER PT B AU Farr, WH AF Farr, WH GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Smerfs and Smerfs boolean AND 3 SO 26TH ANNUAL NASA GODDARD SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual NASA Goddard Software Engineering Workshop CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL GREENBELT, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Council Software Engn, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Software Engn Lab C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Combat Syst Technol Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Farr, WH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Combat Syst Technol Branch, B35,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1457-X PY 2002 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU29D UT WOS:000175584400010 ER PT B AU Ringeisen, BR Chrisey, DB Krizman, DB Kim, H Young, HD Wu, PK Spargo, B AF Ringeisen, BR Chrisey, DB Krizman, DB Kim, H Young, HD Wu, PK Spargo, B BE Dittmar, A Beebe, D TI Cell-by-cefl construction of living tissue by ambient laser transfer SO 2ND ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL IEEE-EMBS SPECIAL TOPIC CONFERENCE ON MICROTECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference (EMBS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology CY MAY 02-04, 2002 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE/Engn Med & Biol Soc, Natl Inst Hlth, Defense Adv Res Project Agcy, Motorola, NimbleGen Syst Inc, PanVera Corp, Dow Chem Co, GWC Instruments, Venture Invest LLC, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Dept Biomed Engn, IEEE/Robot & Automat Soc, Promega DE MAPLE DW; tissue engineering; laser processing; biomaterial patteming; biosensing; protein microarray; rapid prototyping ID OXIDE STRUCTURES; SURFACE; KERATINOCYTES; RECONSTITUTE; MONOLAYERS; EPIDERMIS; CARTILAGE; POLYMERS; MODEL; LIVER AB In order to fabricate and interface biological systems for next generation applications such as biosensors, protein recognition microarrays, and engineered tissues, it is imperative to have a method of accurately and rapidly depositing different active biomaterials in patterns or layered structures. Ideally, the biomaterial structures would also be compatible with many different substrates including technologically relevant platforms such as electronic circuits, microfluidic devices, or even living tissue. We have developed a technique termed matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW), that is able to form patterns and three-dimensional structures of numerous biologically active species ranging from protein solutions to living cells. Specifically, we have shown that MAPLE DW is capable of forming inesoscopic pattems of many components needed to construct complex 3D tissue such as living mammalian cells (mouse pluripotent, human ostcoblast, rat cardiac), nurnerous active proteins, extracellular matrix materials, and semi-rigid scaffold materials. This manuscript presents experimental results on our stepwise efforts to fabricate living tissue constructs. We first demonstrate the ability to form 2D microarrays from active proteins and living cells. We then discuss our efforts to begin 3D printing of both living cells and scaffold materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Codes 6372 & 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7480-0 J9 ENG MED BIOL SOC ANN PY 2002 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1109/MMB.2002.1002277 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BU48A UT WOS:000176123400024 ER PT B AU Schaum, AP AF Schaum, AP BE Schaefer, DH TI Matched affine joint subspace detection in remote hyperspectral reconnaissance SO 31ST APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 16-18, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc AB The GLR (generalized likelihood ratio) test has been invoked for several decades as a prescription for generating target detection algorithms, when limited prior knowledge makes a theoretically ideal test inapplicable. Many popular HSI (Hyperspectral Imaging) detection algorithms rely ultimately on a GLR justification. However, experience with real-time remotely deployed detection systems indicates that certain heuristic modifications to the classic algorithm suite consistently produce better performance. A new target detection test, based on a Bayesian Likelihood Ratio (BLR) principle, has been used to explain these results and to define a broader class of detection algorithms. The more general approach facilitates the incorporation of prior beliefs, such as that gleaned from experience in measurement programs. A BLR test has been used to generate a new family of HSI algorithms, called Matched Affine Joint Subspace Detection (MAJSD). Several examples from this class are described, and their utility is validated by detection comparisons. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1863-X PY 2002 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Spectroscopy SC Computer Science; Engineering; Spectroscopy GA BW45Z UT WOS:000182079100002 ER PT B AU Williams, E Maraviglia, C Moran, AMM AF Williams, E Maraviglia, C Moran, AMM BE Schaefer, DH TI From X-rays to radar: Using color to understand imagery SO 31ST APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 16-18, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc AB This paper will discuss the problems of collecting and processing imagery across the electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays to radar. The authors in this overview paper will start at the short wave length part of the spectrum and go through the spectrum (X-rays) to the longer wavelength and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery and describe the problems of collecting imagery and understanding this imagery. The sub bands of the spectrum that will be discussed include X-rays, ultraviolet, visible images from violet to red, the infrared bands including short wave, mid wave, and long wave, the millimeter wave, and the meter wave length or SAR images. The use of color or using multiple sub bands at each part of the spectrum to improve image understanding will be described. The advantages of using color and the problems of collecting color imagery in each part of the spectrum will be discussed in this paper. Examples will be given of the sensors, the images, and the color image processing required to understand these images. Other factors such as special resolution obtainable in each sub band, amount of human intervention required to understand the imagery, and number of bands to collect and process versus improvement in understanding of the images will also be described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Tech Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Williams, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Tech Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1863-X PY 2002 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Spectroscopy SC Computer Science; Engineering; Spectroscopy GA BW45Z UT WOS:000182079100009 ER PT B AU Newman, HS AF Newman, HS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI RF MEMS switches and applications (INVITED) SO 40TH ANNUAL PROCEEDINGS: INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc ID BAND PHASE SHIFTERS; SHUNT SWITCHES AB RF MEMS axe small mechanical devices fabricated by photolithographic processes, which are used for elemental signal processing functions in rf and microwave frequency circuits. The most common RF MEMS control component is a microwave transmission line switch, currently under development for applications requiring low insertion loss, high linearity, moderate switching speeds, and low to moderate power. The RF MEMS switch promises integration onto a variety of substrates, including substrates bearing active semiconductor devices. This paper will discuss some aspects of the operation of RF MEMS switches and how they may be inserted into microwave circuitry to best advantage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, HS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6851,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7352-9 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2002 BP 111 EP 115 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BU45H UT WOS:000176016400016 ER PT S AU Dunne, JE Smith, VE Gopinath, A Dutta, B AF Dunne, JE Smith, VE Gopinath, A Dutta, B GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Modeling the effects of cycling of a localized heat source on the durability of a FCOC with defects SO 52ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2002 PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc ID CHIP SOLDER INTERCONNECTS; FLIP-CHIP; UNDERFILL AB A nonlinear, finite clement based, coupled-field, sequential thermal-structural analysis was conducted on a flip-chip on ceramic (FCOC) package with defects. The effect of cycling of a localized heat source on the underside of the package die was studied in order to explore the possible formation of hot spots in the package resulting from heat flow inhibiting defects due to imperfect thermal contacts at key interfacial locations. In addition, an energy partitioning model was used to evaluate the reliability of the solder joints under such accelerated thermal fatigue cycling loads. The effects of different peak heat flux values, and thermal boundary conditions were investigated within the bounds of a maximum allowable solder joint temperature, indicative of failure. The thermal results clearly show pronounced temperature gradients that can be induced within the package due to localized power dissipation in the die, and clearly point to the need and significance of non-uniform thermal analyses of such packages. The associated structural results applied to the damage model show that creep continues to be the primary mechanism of failure in the FCOC package. The corners of a typical bump exhibit the largest strains contributing to large creep energy densities, and this is especially exacerbated at die bottom corners at the pad/substrate interface. However the actual life of the package is found to depend critically on the nature of the thermal cycling, and the relationship of the peak temperature levels achieved to the ab initio zero thermal stress temperature level of the package. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dunne, JE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-7430-4 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2002 BP 622 EP 627 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2002.1008160 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU67U UT WOS:000176683800097 ER PT B AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The energy efficiency of distributed algorithms for broadcasting in ad hoc networks SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WIRELESS PERSONAL MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications CY OCT 27-30, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Yokosuka Res Pk, CRL, IEEE, Lucent Technologies DE Broadcast; energy efficient; distributed algorithm; ad hoc network AB The Broadcast Incremental Power (BIP) algorithm is a centralized heuristic for the construction of energy-efficient broadcast trees in wireless networks. In this paper, we discuss the issues associated with the development of distributed algorithms for broadcast tree construction, and develop and evaluate several versions of Distributed BIP (Dist-BIP). We compare the performance of these schemes with that of both centralized BIP and minimum-cost spanning tree (MST) algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7442-8 PY 2002 BP 499 EP 503 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV58Q UT WOS:000179449100098 ER PT B AU Rubin, SH Rush, RJ Ceruti, MG AF Rubin, SH Rush, RJ Ceruti, MG BE Callaos, N Loutfi, M Justan, M TI A qualitatively fuzzy expert system (KASER) for tutoring first principles of crystal-LASER design SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VIII, PROCEEDINGS: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE computer tutoring; expert systems; KASER (R) (patent pending); knowledge acquisition; laser ID WORDS AB A new type of qualitatively fuzzy expert system shell (i.e., KASER) is applied to a tutoring problem. The shell facilitates reasoning using domain-specific expert knowledge as well as commonsense qualitative knowledge. The shell accomplishes this through object-classed predicates and an associated novel inference engine. The KASER addresses the high cost associated with the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. It enables the entry of a basis of rules and provides for the automatic extension of that basis through domain symmetries. A tutor pertaining to first principles of crystal-LASER design has been prototyped using the KASER shell. It enables the student to experiment with different concepts in design and receive possibilistic feedback on the functionality of the proposed design. This is possible without having to preprogram every possible scenario. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Rubin, SH (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, 273,D4121,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 490 EP 495 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BV62N UT WOS:000179559600091 ER PT B AU Pehrsson, PE Baldwin, JW AF Pehrsson, PE Baldwin, JW BE Callaos, N Hammoud, R Xia, D Li, HS Klovsky, D TI Nanotechnology based on diamond and carbon nanotubes SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XIV, PROCEEDINGS: IMAGE, ACOUSTIC, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE diamond; carbon nanotubes; dielectrophoresis; electrophoresis; assembly ID AC ELECTROKINETICS AB Surface chemistry is critical to the innovative processing required to exploit both diamond and nanotubes for applications such as electronics, MEMS and NEMS. For example, we use a novel etch to machine single-crystal diamond into very thin, large-area sheets. The surface chemistry and physical properties are then manipulated into useable configurations for scientific studies or device formation. Alternatively, the surface chemistry of carbon nanotubes can be exploited to form electronic and mechanical devices, such as resonators for RF electronics, sensors, and other devices. However, their economical fabrication requires assembly techniques which avoid inefficient manipulation of individual nanotubes with a probe microscope. We use dielectrophoresis and electrophoresis; to position nanotubes on surfaces and then measure their electrical conductivity. Nanotube functionalization may permit additional control over their orientation on surfaces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pehrsson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV42B UT WOS:000178906400010 ER PT B AU Salvino, LW Pines, DJ AF Salvino, LW Pines, DJ BE Callaos, N Hammoud, R Xia, D Li, HS Klovsky, D TI Structural damage detection using Empirical Mode Decomposition and HHT SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XIV, PROCEEDINGS: IMAGE, ACOUSTIC, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE structural health monitoring; damage detection; phase dereverberation; time-frequency signal analysis; Empirical Mode Decomposition; Hilbert-Huang Spectrum AB The importance of developing robust systems that can detect and locate progressive deterioration in structures or abrupt damage induced by extreme loading events is well recognized in the field of structural health monitoring. A reliable damage detection algorithm is the critical element of this development. This paper discusses a new time-frequency data analysis method, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT), and its application to damage detection. The time series data from numerical simulation and laboratory experiments of a simple structure with and without damage are processed to determine the presence and location of structural damage. This is done by extracting a set of basis components directly from the measured response of a system and tracking phase properties between successive degrees of freedom of the structure. Our results illustrate that this new approach, along with simple physics-based models, permits the development of a reliable damage detection methodology. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Salvino, LW (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 652,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV42B UT WOS:000178906400059 ER PT B AU Bharadwaj, R Froscher, J Khashnobish, A Tracy, J AF Bharadwaj, R Froscher, J Khashnobish, A Tracy, J BE Callaos, N Duale, A Benedicenti, L Yeary, M TI An infrastructure for secure interoperability of agents SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XV, PROCEEDINGS: MOBILE/WIRELESS COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bharadwaj, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV43M UT WOS:000178929200017 ER PT B AU Rubin, SH Rush, RJ Trajkovic, L Murthy, J AF Rubin, SH Rush, RJ Trajkovic, L Murthy, J BE Callaos, N Ebisuzaki, T Starr, B Abe, JM Lichtblau, D TI KASER: A qualitatively fuzzy object-oriented expert system inference engine SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XVI, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTER SCIENCE III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE expert system; KASER (R) (patent pending); knowledge acquisition; object-oriented design; randomization ID WORDS AB This paper details the results of two years and one million dollars invested by the ONR towards the development of a qualitatively fuzzy expert system shell. The shell has been developed for the express purpose of fuzzy qualitative reasoning. The relation among object predicates is defined by object trees, which are fully capable of dynamic growth and maintenance. A result of the development of a qualitatively fuzzy inference engine is that the expert system can then acquire a virtual-rule space that is exponentially (i.e., subject to machine implementation constants) larger than the actual, declared-rule space and with a decreasing non-zero likelihood of error. This capability is termed, knowledge amplification and the methodology by which it may be achieved is termed a KASER. KASER is an acronym for Knowledge Amplification by Structured Expert Randomization. It can crack the knowledge-acquisition bottleneck in expert systems. The KASER represents an intelligent, creative system that falls softly, learns over a network, and has enormous potential for automated decision making. KASERs compute with words and phrases and present capabilities for metaphorical explanations. The software win be demonstrated at the conference proper. C1 USN, Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Rubin, SH (reprint author), USN, Warfare Syst Ctr, D73C,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV62L UT WOS:000179558300077 ER PT B AU Donald, SD McMillen, RV Ford, DK McEachen, JC AF Donald, SD McMillen, RV Ford, DK McEachen, JC BE Callaos, N Lesso, W TI A thermodynamics-based model of network conversation flux for intrusion detection SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XX, PROCEEDINGS EXTENSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE patternless network intrusion detection; information assurance; entropy; statistical mechanics AB A novel system for conducting non-signature based, or patternless, intrusion detection of computer networks is presented. This system uses principles of thermodynamics to model network conversation characteristics. Observing the properties of entropy, energy and temperature within the system develops a notion of baseline operating conditions. Perturbations in these properties are considered potential intrusions for further investigation. System functions are decomposed into a network sensing device, a real-time processing component and a forensics component. State definitions for a variety of conditions are discussed. Finally, examples of valid intrusions and other network perturbations in real traffic collected in network operation center backbones are presented. Preliminary results indicate this system has significant potential for revealing anomalies in large network systems. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, RIDLR, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Donald, SD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, RIDLR, 437 Dyer Rd,Code EC-Mj, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV41E UT WOS:000178869800016 ER PT S AU Batra, NK AF Batra, NK BE Maev, RG TI Acoustical imaging of "'kissing debond" regions at the interfaces of adhesively bonded laminates SO ACOUSTICAL IMAGING, VOL 26 SE ACOUSTICAL IMAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Acoustical Imaging Symposium (IAIS) CY SEP 09-12, 2001 CL WINDSOR, CANADA SP DaimlerChrysler Corp, DaimlerChrysler Canada Ltd, Ind Canada, IEEE, Mat & Mfg Ontario, Univ Windsor, Technol Decis Management ID SONOELASTICITY C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Batra, NK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6350, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0270-5117 BN 0-306-47340-2 J9 ACOUST IMAG PY 2002 VL 26 BP 301 EP 307 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Mathematics; Materials Science; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV81T UT WOS:000180119200039 ER PT S AU Spencer, MG Agrawal, BN Romano, M Brunson, RL Dillow, JD Nelson, DH Connors, JJ Boeing, SVS Restaino, SR AF Spencer, MG Agrawal, BN Romano, M Brunson, RL Dillow, JD Nelson, DH Connors, JJ Boeing, SVS Restaino, SR BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Acquisition, tracking, pointing, and line-of-sight control laboratory experiments for a space-based bifocal relay mirror SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XVI CY APR 03-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Space based bifocal relay mirrors are potentially an enabling/enhancing piece of any architecture making use of long-range laser propagation. Inherent in the bifocal concept is dual line of sight control. This is especially challenging in this space-based application due to spacecraft attitude control issues. This paper presents a summary of the research into acquisition, tracking, pointing (ATP) and control technologies relevant to a bifocal relay mirror system as well as the development of a laboratory experimental test bed to integrate the advanced optics systems onto a Three-axis spacecraft simulator. The relay geometry includes a cooperative source and either a cooperative or non-cooperative target depending on the application. The described test bed is a joint effort with the Air Force Research Laboratory (optics) and the Naval Postgraduate School (spacecraft simulator). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Spencer, MG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Spacecraft Res & Design Ctr, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4464-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4714 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.472600 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV06N UT WOS:000177733800006 ER PT S AU Gray, JE McCabe, H Alouani, AT AF Gray, JE McCabe, H Alouani, AT BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Tracking with two asynchronous sensors: Solution existence and performance analysis SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XVI CY APR 03-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target tracking; asynchronous sensors; track fusion; solution existence; performance ID FUSION AB Sensor data fusion has long been recognized as a means to improve target tracking. Common practice assumes that the sensors used are synchronous, i.e., they have identical data rate, measurements are taken at the same time, and have no communication delays between sensors platform and central processing center. Such assumptions are invalid in practice. Previous work of the authors dealt designing asynchronous track fusion filter that removes such assumptions when considering the multi-sensor target tracking case. This paper deals with the existence of a solution to the asynchronous track fusion problem fro the case of two asynchronous sensors. In addition, the performance deterioration of the filter is analyzed as a function of the track fusion update rate. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren Div, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4464-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4714 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.472588 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV06N UT WOS:000177733800016 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL Brine, GA Hayes, JP George, C AF Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL Brine, GA Hayes, JP George, C TI Boc-tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-N-methyl-phenylalanyl-O-methyl-methionine hydrate: a protected analog of metkephamid SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; BETA-SHEET; ENKEPHALIN; MET5; FORM AB In this study, we report on the X-ray diffraction analysis of the pentapeptide, Boc-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-(NMe-Phe)-(Met-O-Me), C35H49N5O9S .1.125H(2)O. This is a protected intermediate in the solution phase synthesis of metkephamid (LY127,623), Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMe-Phe-Met-NH2. The peptide crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2 with two peptide molecules and three solvent (water) molecules in the asymmetric unit. The peptide has an extended conformation similar to other Met-enkephalins. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2002 VL 58 BP O13 EP O15 DI 10.1107/S1600536801020475 PN 1 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 505QK UT WOS:000172926900024 ER PT J AU Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR George, C Folk, JE Jacobson, AE Rice, KC AF Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR George, C Folk, JE Jacobson, AE Rice, KC TI Twinned 1-{2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl}-4-(3-phenyl)propyl)piperazinium chloride (GBR12909) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID COCAINE; INHIBITORS AB GBR12909, C28H34F2N2O, is one of the earliest agents found to have high affinity and selectivity for the dopamine transporter (DAT). The triclinic crystal, of the hydrochloride salt of GBR12909, C28H34F2N2O2+. 2Cl(-), exhibited non-merohedral twinning. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIDDKD, Med Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JAN PY 2002 VL 58 BP O81 EP O82 DI 10.1107/S1600536801021389 PN 1 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 505QK UT WOS:000172926900051 ER PT S AU Ting, A Hubbard, RF Shvets, G AF Ting, A Hubbard, RF Shvets, G BE Clayton, CE Muggli, P TI Summary report of working group 6: Laser-plasma acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 22-28, 2002 CL MANDALAY BEACH, CA SP US DOE AB There has been considerable progress on laser-plasma acceleration. Presentations on laser-plasma acceleration concepts at the 2002 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop are reviewed, and the status and future directions of research in this area are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ting, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0102-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 647 BP 165 EP 174 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BV93U UT WOS:000180453300017 ER PT S AU Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP Hirshfield, JL Vikharev, AL Ivanov, OA Kuzikov, SV Gorbachev, AM Isaev, VA Gai, W Konecny, R Power, JG AF Gold, SH Kinkead, AK Nezhevenko, OA Yakovlev, VP Hirshfield, JL Vikharev, AL Ivanov, OA Kuzikov, SV Gorbachev, AM Isaev, VA Gai, W Konecny, R Power, JG BE Clayton, CE Muggli, P TI High power accelerator R&D at the NRL 11.424-GHz magnicon facility SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 22-28, 2002 CL MANDALAY BEACH, CA SP US DOE ID AMPLIFIER; BEAM AB An 11.424-GHz magnicon amplifier has been jointly developed by the Naval Research Laboratory and Omega-P, Inc. as an alternative technology to klystrons for powering a future X-band linear collider. This paper will discuss its background, operating principles, and results to date, as well its present status as part of a facility for collaborative research on accelerator-related technologies that require high-power 11.424-GHz radiation. Two collaborative research programs are currently under way using the magnicon output. The first, a collaboration with Omega-P, Inc. and the Institute of Applied Physics, is investigating Active microwave pulse compressors using plasma switch tubes. The second, a collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory and SLAC, is investigating dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures, with the ultimate goal of developing a compact DLA accelerator. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gold, SH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0102-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 647 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BV93U UT WOS:000180453300048 ER PT S AU Hubbard, RF Hafizi, B Ting, A Gordon, DF Jones, TG Kaganovich, D Penano, JR Sprangle, P Zigler, A AF Hubbard, RF Hafizi, B Ting, A Gordon, DF Jones, TG Kaganovich, D Penano, JR Sprangle, P Zigler, A BE Clayton, CE Muggli, P TI Focusing of intense laser pulses using plasma channels SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUN 22-28, 2002 CL MANDALAY BEACH, CA SP US DOE ID WAKEFIELD ACCELERATORS; GENERATION AB Short plasma channels may provide focusing or control of laser pulses at intensities far above the usual damage limitations of conventional optics. Analytical and simulation models that predict the behavior of a variety of channel lens configurations are presented. A laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) that uses a series of plasma lenses to transport the laser pulse over extended distances is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubbard, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0102-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 647 BP 664 EP 673 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BV93U UT WOS:000180453300069 ER PT S AU Stanish, I Ray, RI Singh, A AF Stanish, I Ray, RI Singh, A BE Moss, SC TI Assemblies of polymerized phospholipid vesicle structures chemisorbed on au films visualized in situ by environmental scanning electron microscopy SO ADVANCED BIOMATERIALS-CHARACTERIZATION, TISSUE ENGINEERING AND COMPLEXITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Physical Characterization of Biological Materials and Systems/Polymeric Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering/BioInspired Materials-Moving Toward Complexity CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; LIPID VESICLES; ADSORPTION; LIPOSOMES; BILAYERS AB Submicron vesicles immobilized on gold films were visualized in situ using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Electron micrographs show that surface immobilized vesicles composed of diacetylenic phospholipids with I mole percent disulfide functionality and that encapsulate NaCl are structurally stable for at least three days. Furthermore, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) provides compositional evidence supporting the formation of surface immobilized vesicles. Using ESEM coupled with EDS, a two-layer vesicle structure was imaged and found to contain NaCl and lipid elements sulfur and phosphorous. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stanish, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-647-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 711 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BU92B UT WOS:000177402200014 ER PT S AU Singh, A Wong, EM Spector, MS Schnur, JM AF Singh, A Wong, EM Spector, MS Schnur, JM BE Moss, SC TI Formation of supramolecular assemblies by modulating self-assembling properties of diacetylenic phosphocholines SO ADVANCED BIOMATERIALS-CHARACTERIZATION, TISSUE ENGINEERING AND COMPLEXITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Physical Characterization of Biological Materials and Systems/Polymeric Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering/BioInspired Materials-Moving Toward Complexity CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID LIPID TUBULES; NETWORK GEL; BILAYERS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; COMPOUND; MIXTURES AB Diacetylenic phospholipid dispersions in water produce tubules (500 nm diameter) and helices from their initial vesicular morphology as a function of temperature and concentration. A binary mixture consisting of diacetylenic phospholipid, 1,2 his (tricosa-10, 12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and a short chain phospholipid, 1,2-dinonanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was studied to explore the morphological transformation of lipids into tubules to develop an approach to control and produce tubules of different diameters. Circular dichroic spectra not only indicated the chiral nature of these tubules, but also provided distinct spectral signatures differentiating micro- and nanotubules. The effects of temperature and lipid concentration on the formation and stability of tubules were also explored. An equimolar lipid mixture provided structures with uniform morphology, which were stable for several hours up to 36 degreesC. The thermal stability of nanotubules makes them an attractive candidate for many practical applications including controlled release technology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-647-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 711 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BU92B UT WOS:000177402200043 ER PT S AU Stanish, I Singh, A AF Stanish, I Singh, A BE Moss, SC TI Electroactive polymerized vesicles as stable biornaterials for charge storage systems and electron coupling applications SO ADVANCED BIOMATERIALS-CHARACTERIZATION, TISSUE ENGINEERING AND COMPLEXITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Physical Characterization of Biological Materials and Systems/Polymeric Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering/BioInspired Materials-Moving Toward Complexity CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Diacetylenic phospholipids with disulfide functionality were synthesized and incorporated at dopant levels with unmodified diacetylenic phosphatidylcholine lipids in polymerized vesicles. These polymerized vesicles were immobilized on An films and structurally characterized in situ using AFM and ESEM and demonstrated surface stability of at least three days. Polymerized diacetylenic phospholipid vesicles displayed retention of entrapped ferricyanide with a half-life of 2.4 weeks at pH 7 and 25 degreesC. Membrane-bound benzoquinone mediated electron transport across polymerized vesicle membranes providing an initial current of 25 mA and a final charge capacity based on entrapped ferricyanide of 3.5 Ahr/kg. Electron transport across polymerized diacetylenic phospholipid vesicle membranes was described by a pseudosteady-state transport model and was found to be diffusion limited. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stanish, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-647-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 711 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BU92B UT WOS:000177402200049 ER PT B AU Aglitskiy, Y Karasik, M Serlin, V Obenschain, S Pawley, C AF Aglitskiy, Y Karasik, M Serlin, V Obenschain, S Pawley, C BE Stott, PE Wootton, A Gorini, G Sindoni, E Batani, D TI X-ray imaging system with continuous time resolution SO ADVANCED DIAGNOSTICS FOR MAGNETIC AND INERTIAL FUSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP Int Ctr Promot Sci, Int Sch Plasma Phys, CNR, Ist Fis Plasma ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR GROWTH; KRF LASER; INSTABILITY; TARGETS; NIKE C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aglitskiy, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-306-47297-X PY 2002 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BV10Z UT WOS:000177840700028 ER PT B AU Seely, J Feldman, U Weaver, J Hudson, L AF Seely, J Feldman, U Weaver, J Hudson, L BE Stott, PE Wootton, A Gorini, G Sindoni, E Batani, D TI X-ray spectroscopy and calibrations in the 50 eV to 60 keV range SO ADVANCED DIAGNOSTICS FOR MAGNETIC AND INERTIAL FUSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP Int Ctr Promot Sci, Int Sch Plasma Phys, CNR, Ist Fis Plasma ID FACILITY C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-306-47297-X PY 2002 BP 245 EP 248 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BV10Z UT WOS:000177840700044 ER PT S AU Ligler, FS Sapsford, KE Shubin, YS Lemmond, J Taitt, CAR Delahanty, JB Golden, JP AF Ligler, FS Sapsford, KE Shubin, YS Lemmond, J Taitt, CAR Delahanty, JB Golden, JP BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI Array biosensor for environmental monitoring SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental Sensing Technology II CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE array; biosensor; environmental monitoring; multi-analyte sensing ID ANALYTES AB The array biosensor is capable of detecting and identifying multiple analytes in multiple samples simultaneously. Using fluorescence inummoassays on a planar waveguide and miniaturized fluidics, the sensor is automated and portable. Assays are sensitive and require 12 minutes to perform. Environmental contaminants in the sample fail to generate false positive or false negative results in tests performed to date. Measurements can be conducted in real time using spots as small as 80 mum. The waveguide can be coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) to create a charged field at the surface to further regulate the interaction of sample components with the surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4304-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4576 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.456949 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU23F UT WOS:000175418200009 ER PT S AU Ainsleigh, PL AF Ainsleigh, PL BE Luk, FT TI Segmented chirp features and hidden Gauss-Markov models for classification of wandering-tone signals SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures and Implementations XII CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID FRACTIONAL FOURIER-TRANSFORM; FREQUENCY AB A new feature set and decision function are proposed for classifying transient wandering-tone signals. Signals are partitioned in time and modeled as having piecewise-linear instantaneous frequency and piecewise-constant amplitude. The initial frequency, chirp rate, and amplitude are estimated in each segment. The resulting sequences of estimates are used as features for classification. The decision function employs a linear Gaussian dynamical model, or hidden Gauss-Markov model (HGMM). The parameters that characterize the HGMM for each class are estimated from labeled training sequences, and the trained models are used to evaluate the class-conditional likelihoods of an unlabeled signal. The signal is assigned to the-class whose model gives the maximum conditional likelihood. Simulation experiments demonstrate perfect classification performance in a three-class forced-choice problem. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Ainsleigh, PL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4558-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4791 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.456527 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91G UT WOS:000180377900013 ER PT S AU Shaw, LB Pureza, PC Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Thielen, PA AF Shaw, LB Pureza, PC Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Thielen, PA BE Fermann, ME Marshall, LR TI Raman amplification in As-Se fiber SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB Raman amplification has been demonstrated at 1.56 mum in As-Se fiber. The Raman gain coefficient was measured to be similar to300 times that of silica. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shaw, LB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-697-4 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 68 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAH79 UT WOS:000222298600005 ER PT S AU Gupta, KM Aha, DW Sandhu, N AF Gupta, KM Aha, DW Sandhu, N BE Craw, S Preece, A TI Exploiting taxonomic and causal relations in conversational case retrieval SO ADVANCES IN CASE-BASED REASONING SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL ROBERT GORDON UNIV, ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND HO ROBERT GORDON UNIV AB Conversational case-based reasoning (CCBR) systems engage their users in a series of questions and answers and present them with cases that are most applicable to their decision problem. In previous research, we introduced the Taxonomic CCBR methodology, an extension of standard CCBR that improved performance by organizing features related by abstraction into taxonomies. We recently extended this methodology to include causal relations between taxonomies and claimed that it could yield additional performance gains. In this paper, we formalize the causal extension of Taxonomic CCBR, called Causal CCBR, and empirically assess its benefits using a new methodology for evaluating CCBR performance. Evaluation of Taxonomic and Causal CCBR systems in troubleshooting and customer support domains demonstrates that they significantly outperform the standard CCBR approach. In addition, Causal CCBR outperforms Taxonomic CCBR to the extent causal relations are incorporated in the case bases. C1 ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gupta, KM (reprint author), ITT Ind, AES Div, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44109-3 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2002 VL 2416 BP 133 EP 147 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX95Y UT WOS:000187007600011 ER PT S AU Chu, PC Giles, AF Fan, C Lan, J Fleischer, P AF Chu, PC Giles, AF Fan, C Lan, J Fleischer, P BE Rahman, M Verhoeven, R Brebbia, CA TI Hydrodynamical characteristics of a falling cylinder in water column SO ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS IV SE ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International on Advances in Fluid Mechanics CY MAY, 2002 CL GHENT, BELGIUM SP Wessex Inst Technol, Dalhousie Univ Canada, Ghent Univ AB The hydrodynamic features of a falling cylinder into the water column is investigated experimentally. The experiment consisted of dropping three cylinders of various lengths into a pool where the trajectories were filmed from two angles. The controlled parameters were, cylinder parameters (length to diameter ratio, center of mass location), and initial conditions (initial velocity, and drop angle). Results indicate that center of mass position has the largest influence on the cylinder's trajectory and that accurate trajectory modeling requires the inclusion of both momentum and moment equations. A statistical-dynamic model has been established to predict the trajectories of the falling cylinders. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1353-808X BN 1-85312-910-0 J9 ADV FLUID MECH SER PY 2002 BP 163 EP 181 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BU80C UT WOS:000177065000016 ER PT S AU Whitlock, RR Dozier, CM Newman, DA Turcu, ICE Gaeta, CJ Cassidy, KL Powers, MF Kleindolph, T Morris, JH Forber, R AF Whitlock, RR Dozier, CM Newman, DA Turcu, ICE Gaeta, CJ Cassidy, KL Powers, MF Kleindolph, T Morris, JH Forber, R BE Khounsary, AM MacDonald, CA TI X-ray spectral measurements of the JMAR high power laser-plasma source SO ADVANCES IN LABORATORY-BASED X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in Laboratory-Based X-Ray Sources and Optics CY JUL 08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE laser-plasma; X-ray lithography; X-ray spectrum ID CALIBRATION; CRYSTAL AB X-ray spectra of Cu plasmas at the focus of a four-beam, solid-state diode-pumped laser have been recorded. This laser-plasma X-ray source is being developed for JMAR's lithography systems aimed at high-performance semiconductor integrated circuits. The unique simultaneous overlay of the four sub-nanosecond laser beams at 300 Hertz produces a bright, point-plasma X-ray source. PIN diode measurements of the X-ray output indicate that the conversion efficiency (ratio of X-ray emission energy into 2pi steradians to incident laser energy) was approximately 9 percent with average Xray power yields of greater than 10 Watts. Spectra were recorded on calibrated Kodak DEF film in a curved-crystal spectrograph. A KAP crystal (2d = 26.6 Angstroms) was used to disperse the 900 eV to 3000 eV spectral energies onto the film. Preliminary examination of the films indicated the existence of Cu and Cu XX ionization states. Additional spectra as a function of laser input power were also recorded to investigate potential changes in X-ray yields. These films are currently being analyzed. The analysis of the spectra provide absolute line and continuum intensities, and total X-ray output in the measured spectral range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitlock, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4548-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4781 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.456517 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BV73T UT WOS:000179916700005 ER PT S AU Whitlock, RR Dozier, CM Newman, DA Petr, R Freshman, J Hoey, DW Heaton, JL AF Whitlock, RR Dozier, CM Newman, DA Petr, R Freshman, J Hoey, DW Heaton, JL BE Khounsary, AM MacDonald, CA TI X-ray spectral measurements of a dense plasma focus SO ADVANCES IN LABORATORY-BASED X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in Laboratory-Based X-Ray Sources and Optics CY JUL 08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE dense plasma focus; X-ray lithography; X-ray spectrum ID CALIBRATION; CRYSTAL AB Absolute intensities of spectra in a dense-plasma-focus (DPF) source have been recorded and analyzed. This DPF source has been identified as one of the more promising sources for X-ray lithography. The source, developed by Science Research Laboratory, Inc., is currently undergoing testing and further development at BAE Systems, Inc. The DPF operates at 60 Hz and produces an average output pulse of similar to5 J of X rays into 4pi steradians in a continuous operation mode. In all runs, there was an initial number of pulses, typically between 30 to 40, during which the X-ray output increased and the DPF appeared to be undergoing a conditioning process, and after which a "steady-state" mode was achieved where the average X-ray power was relatively constant. Each spectral run was exposed to similar to600 J of output, as measured by the PIN. The X-ray spectral region between 0.8 and 3 keV was recorded on Kodak DEF film in a potassium acid phthalate (KAP) convex curved-crystal spectrograph. The source emits neon line radiation from Ne IX and Ne X ionization stages in the 900 to 1300 eV region, suitable for lithographic exposures of photoresist. Two helium-like neon lines contribute more than 50% of the total energy. From continuum shape, plasma temperatures were found to be approximately 170-200. eV. The absolute, integrated spectral outputs were verified to within 30% by comparison with measurements by a PIN detector and a radiachromic X-ray dosimeter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitlock, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4548-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4781 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.456515 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BV73T UT WOS:000179916700007 ER PT S AU Whitlock, RR Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL Bell, MI Kerns, S Kerns, DV Kang, WP Davidson, JL AF Whitlock, RR Hsu, DSY Shaw, JL Bell, MI Kerns, S Kerns, DV Kang, WP Davidson, JL BE Khounsary, AM MacDonald, CA TI Novel X-ray sources and systems using gated electron emitters SO ADVANCES IN LABORATORY-BASED X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Advances in Laboratory-Based X-Ray Sources and Optics CY JUL 08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE X-ray tube; X-ray spectrum; field emitter array; nanotube; X-ray fluorescence analysis ID FIELD AB Novel Xray sources and applications may be achieved with a combination of gateable electron micro-sources and tailored electron targets. A simple, broad area Xray source can be constructed in a biplanar geometry, one side consisting of a low atomic number, X-ray transmissive substrate with an array of emitters, and the other side a simple metallic target. The simple metallic target can be replaced with a composite target in which different areas of the surface are coated with different X-ray emitting metals. The resulting X-ray spectrum will be the composite of spectra of all the irradiated metals. The spectrum is selected with sets of separately gated field emitter arrays, each registered to a respective anode metal. Low voltage electronics control the gate array selections. With the further addition of electron focusing within the tube and an external X-ray detector, the device becomes capable of imaging the composition of the electron target. By augmenting the device with a sample handling capability, whereby the sample is put in the location of. the target, this instrument then becomes capable of X-ray compositional analysis in a manner analogous to an electron microprobe or SEM with EDX attachments. Such instruments can be miniaturized and used for automated analysis systems. The potential for low power, automated analysis by small, unmanned, distributed systems could augment the capabilities already present with high power laboratory instrumentation. An important technical issue on which the practicality of these developments depends, is the robustness of gated field emitter sources. Recent progress in this area is described. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitlock, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4548-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4781 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.456516 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BV73T UT WOS:000179916700016 ER PT J AU Wojno, JP Mueller, TJ Blake, WK AF Wojno, JP Mueller, TJ Blake, WK TI Turbulence ingestion noise, part 1: Experimental characterization of grid-generated turbulence SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Results are presented of an experimental investigation into the aeroacoustic response characteristics of rotor turbulence ingestion. To fully characterize the rotor response, both the ingested velocity field and the resulting far-field sound were measured. The results are presented of a detailed velocity characterization, which was performed upstream of the rotor. The velocity measurements included an evaluation of the streamwise development of turbulence characteristics downstream of the grid, a high-resolution mapping of the spatial distribution of the mean velocity and rms turbulence fluctuations in the rotor inlet plane, and the development of a semi-empirical, functional representation of the three-dimensional wave number spectral density of the ingested turbulence. These data comprise a comprehensive empirical velocity model that was developed for specific application to rotor turbulence ingestion noise. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Wojno, JP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 7250, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.2514/2.1636 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 511KT UT WOS:000173263600001 ER PT J AU Wojno, JP Mueller, TJ Blake, WK AF Wojno, JP Mueller, TJ Blake, WK TI Turbulence ingestion noise, part 2: Rotor aeroacoustic response to grid-generated turbulence SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ASYMPTOTIC THEORY; THRUST AB This is the second of two papers that discuss an experimental investigation of the aeroacoustic response characteristics of a 10-bladed rotor to grid-generated turbulence. To characterize empirically the rotor response, both the ingested velocity field and resulting far-field sound were measured. In part 1, an empirical velocity characterization of the grid- generated turbulence field was presented. This characterization culminated in a semi-empirical model of the ingested small-scale turbulence field and a modal decomposition of the circumferentially varying mean velocity field in the rotor inlet plane. This detailed velocity model is now used to investigate the aeroacoustic response of a 10-bladed rotor ingesting the grid-generated turbulence field. In particular, the semi-empirical turbulence model is used, in conjunction with theoretical spectral analysis techniques, to predict the far-field sound generated by the 10-bladed rotor. These predictions are compared to corresponding measured data to assess the fidelity of the spectral analysis methods and the semi-empirical turbulence model. Finally, the measured 10-bladed acoustic response is compared to the corresponding response of a 4-bladed rotor ingesting the same grid-generated turbulence field. These comparisons demonstrate the effect of geometry on the rotor acroacoustic sensitivity to both large-scale, spatial mean velocity modes and small-scale turbulence. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Wojno, JP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 7250, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.2514/2.1637 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 511KT UT WOS:000173263600002 ER PT J AU Kaplan, CR Oran, ES AF Kaplan, CR Oran, ES TI Nonlinear filtering for low-velocity gaseous microflows SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MICROCHANNEL FLOWS; SPEED; CHANNELS; HEAT AB Gaseous flows in microfluidic devices are often characterized by relatively high Knudsen numbers. For such flows, the continuum approximation is not valid, and direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) may be used to find an appropriate solution. For low-velocity flows, where the fluid velocity is much smaller than the mean molecular velocity, large statistical fluctuations in the solution mean that the features of the flow may be obscured by noise in the solution. The use of a high-order, nonlinear monotone convection algorithm, flux-corrected transport (FCT), as a filter to extract the solution from the noisy DSMC calculation is described. The diffusion, antidiffusion, and flux-limiting properties of FCT are discussed in terms of their filtering properties. The effects of filtering with FCT are demonstrated for a series of test problems, including a square wave with superimposed random noise, and low-and high-velocity and low- and high-Knudsen-number microchannel flows. It is shown that FCT filtering removes high-frequency statistical fluctuations and can extract a solution from a noisy DSMC calculation when the flow velocity is much less than the molecular thermal velocity and when the ratio of real to simulated particles is relatively high. Although the application described has been limited to microflows, this filter has significant potential for a wide variety of DSMC problems used in physical regimes where statistical noise must be eliminated. Because it is a postprocessing operation and does not affect the DSMC calculation as it is running, filtering can be applied to any DSMC solution. This includes calculations with complex geometries, the presence of many interacting species with chemical reactions, varied and complicated boundary conditions, and time-dependent solutions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ckaplan@lcp.nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.2514/2.1617 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 511KT UT WOS:000173263600009 ER PT S AU Duncan, MD Kruer, MR von Berg, DCL Patten, RA Lee, JN AF Duncan, MD Kruer, MR von Berg, DCL Patten, RA Lee, JN BE Andraitis, AA Koper, HF Yencha, JM TI SHARP prototype system demonstration program SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXVI CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE airborne reconnaissance; pod; SHARP; dual-band camera; digital imaging; F/A-18 AB The prototype effort within the SHAred Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) program successfully demonstrated real-time reconnaissance operation of the prototype SHARP system on an F/A-18F and of the prototype SHARP payload on a P-3 in coordinated flights, each aircraft downlinking imagery to a NAVIS ground station and displaying that imagery in real time on August 28, 2001 in Washington, DC. The principal technology objectives - to verify that dual-band camera technology was sufficiently mature and that the SHARP Reconnaissance Management System (SRMS) with its operating software could control the SHARP subsystems and deliver real-time high-bandwidth reconnaissance imagery were achieved through the demonstration flights. The prototype SHARP Pod system is now used as a test asset in support of the E&MD phase of the SHARP program. Further development of technology for SHARP is continuing. The Airborne Real-time Imagery Exploitation System (ARIES) has been developed for incorporation into the SRMS to provide the flight crew enhanced image exploitation capability for time critical strike. ARIES capability is undergoing continuing development and evaluation in combination with Fast Tactical Imagery (FTI) real-time, cockpit-to-user, transmission of the selected imagery. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Duncan, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4592-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4824 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1117/12.459698 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV91P UT WOS:000180379200002 ER PT S AU Schaum, A Stocker, A AF Schaum, A Stocker, A BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Joint hyperspectral subspace detection derived from a Bayesian Likelihood Ratio test SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Bayesian; matched subspace detection; spectral imaging; likelihood ratio; GLR AB The standard approach to solving detection problems in which clutter and/or target distributions are modeled with unknown parameters is to apply the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test. This procedure automatically generates new estimates of the unknown model parameters for each new feature test value. An alternative approach is to estimate prior distributions for the unknown parameters. The associated Bayesian Likelihood Ratio (BLR) test can be used to generate many standard detectors for example, matched filtering or the GLR as special cases. For the particular problem of Joint Subspace Detection (JSD), several such Bayesian problems often lead to the same test as some GLR problem. Formulating such problems can lend insight into what types of background and target distributions are appropriate for a given GLR test. In addition, the added generality afforded by the new approach, in the form of selectable prior distributions, defines a wider exploratory space for target detection. JSD can, for example, permit the incorporation of general types of experience gleaned from measurement programs. This paper explores these potentialities by applying several Bayesian formulations of the detection problem to hyperspectral data sets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schaum, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.478754 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100023 ER PT S AU Beaven, SG Hazel, G Stocker, AD AF Beaven, SG Hazel, G Stocker, AD BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Automated Gaussian spectral clustering of hyperspectral data SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; spectral clustering; automated segmentation; target detection AB Unsupervised classification of multispectral and hyperspectral data is useful for a range of military and commercial remote sensing applications. These include terrain categorization, material detection and identification, and land use quantification. Here we show the development and application of an adaptive Gaussian Spectral Clustering approach to unsupervised classification and anomalous target detection in hyperspectral data. The method is built on adaptively estimating the parameters of a Gaussian mixture model from over local regions, and includes methods for adjusting to inevitable non-stationarity of hyperspectral image data. The algorithm is suitable for application to streaming hyperspectral data as would be required for real-time applications. In this paper we outline the model used, estimation techniques, and methods for adaptively estimating key model parameters required to characterize hyperspectral imagery. The key elements of the approach are demonstrated on reflective band hyperspectral data from NRL WarHORSE and NASA AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery. We also demonstrate broader utility with an example of segmentation of RADARSAT SAR imagery of sea ice. C1 Space Comp Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Space Comp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. RP Beaven, SG (reprint author), Space Comp Corp, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 254 EP 266 DI 10.1117/12.478758 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100026 ER PT S AU Olchowski, FM Hazel, GG Stellman, CM AF Olchowski, FM Hazel, GG Stellman, CM BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Sensor and algorithm performance of the WAR HORSE hyperspectral sensor during the 2001 camp Navajo wide area collect SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral sensor; anomaly detection AB The following paper describes a recent data collection exercise in which the WAR HORSE visible-near-infrared hyperspectral sensor was employed in the collection of wide-area hyperspectral data sets. Two anomaly detection algorithms, Subspace RX (SSRX) and Gaussian Spectral Clustering (GSC), were used on the data and their performance is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Olchowski, FM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 509 EP 514 DI 10.1117/12.478785 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100050 ER PT S AU Iskandar, M Reyes, D Gaxiola, Y Fudge, E Foyos, J Lee, EW Kalu, P Garmestani, H Es-Said, OS AF Iskandar, M Reyes, D Gaxiola, Y Fudge, E Foyos, J Lee, EW Kalu, P Garmestani, H Es-Said, OS BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI The effect of varying the solution treatment temperature, natural aging treatment and artificial aging treatment on the mechanical strength of 7249 aluminum alloy SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE Al alloy 7249; solution treatment; natural aging; artificial aging; mechanical strength AB Aluminum 7249 alloy was processed into 135 different conditions. The variables studied were five solution treatment temperatures (445degreesC-505degreesC), three quenching media (water, 20% polyalkylene glycol, and air), three natural aging times (0, 4, and 168 hours) and three artificial aging temperatures (111degreesC, 121degreesC, and 131degreesC). The effect of these variables on the tensile behavior, hardness measurements and electrical resistivity measurements were studied. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Florida State Univ, Coll Engn, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, FAMU,Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Iskandar, M (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 1121 EP 1126 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500182 ER PT S AU Escobar, K Gonzalez, B Ortiz, J Nguyen, P Bowden, D Foyos, J Ogren, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Escobar, K Gonzalez, B Ortiz, J Nguyen, P Bowden, D Foyos, J Ogren, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI On the residual stress control in aluminum alloy 7050 SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE aluminum alloy 7050; forgings; residual stress; compression stress relief; plastic strain; ageing AB A mechanical stress relief is typically used to alleviate residual stresses generated during quenching of 7050 aluminum forgings after solution treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of section thickness and amount of plastic strain introduced via compression on the aging response of aluminum alloy 7050. Specimens of varying thickness were solution heat-treated at 471degreesC for 2.5 hours and water quenched. They were then compressed to introduce strains of from 1% to 5%, and artificially aged to the final T7452 temper. Specimens were then sectioned and hardness profiles through the thickness were obtained to characterize the aging response. Selected tensile tests were also performed to evaluate the effects of variation in the compression stress relief operation on strength. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, Mech Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Escobar, K (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, Mech Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 1235 EP 1240 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500201 ER PT J AU Dalton, JG AF Dalton, JG TI The tanker war, 1980-88: Law and policy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC USA. RP Dalton, JG (reprint author), USN, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INT LAW PI WASHINGTON PA 2223 MASSACHUSETTS AVE N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20008-2864 USA SN 0002-9300 J9 AM J INT LAW JI Am. J. Int. Law PD JAN PY 2002 VL 96 IS 1 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.2307/2686149 PG 5 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 531BQ UT WOS:000174395700027 ER PT J AU Andrews, CM AF Andrews, CM TI Preventing air embolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Annapolis Naval Med Clin, Annapolis, MD USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Andrews, CM (reprint author), USN, Annapolis Naval Med Clin, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 102 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 PN 1 PG 3 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 512FH UT WOS:000173310100021 PM 11839905 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ JiJi, RD AF Hart, SJ JiJi, RD TI Light emitting diode excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; WAVE-GUIDE; WATER; SYSTEM; ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTOPORPHYRIN; PORPHYRINS; SOILS; DYES AB An excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence instrument has been developed using a linear array of light emitting diodes ( LED). The wavelengths covered extend from the upper UV through the visible spectrum: 370-640 nm. Using an LED array to excite fluorescence emission at multiple excitation wavelengths is a low-cost alternative to an expensive high power lamp and imaging spectrograph. The LED-EEM system is a departure from other EEM spectroscopy systems in that LEDs often have broad excitation ranges which may overlap with neighboring channels. The LED array can be considered a hybrid between a spectroscopic and sensor system, as the broad LED excitation range produces a partially selective optical measurement. The instrument has been tested and characterized using fluorescent dyes: limits of detection (LOD) for 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)-anthracene and rhodamine B were in the mid parts-per-trillion range; detection limits for the other compounds were in the low parts-per-billion range (< 5 ppb). The LED-EEMs were analyzed using parallel factor analysis ( PARAFAC), which allowed the mathematical resolution of the individual contributions of the mono- and dianion fluorescein tautomers a priori. Correct identification and quantitation of six fluorescent dyes in two to six component mixtures ( concentrations between 12.5 and 500 ppb) has been achieved with root mean squared errors of prediction (RMSEP) of less than 4.0 ppb for all components. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6113,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI JiJi, Renee/0000-0003-0399-4648 NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2002 VL 127 IS 12 BP 1693 EP 1699 DI 10.1039/b207660h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 622NP UT WOS:000179653400025 PM 12537381 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Hall, GJ Kenny, JE AF Hart, SJ Hall, GJ Kenny, JE TI A laser-induced fluorescence dual-fiber optic array detector applied to the rapid HPLC separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbons; polycyclic aromatic; fluorescence, laser-induced; fiber optic array; chromatography; HPLC ID EXCITATION/EMISSION MATRIX SPECTROFLUOROMETER; QUANTIFYING CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; RANK ANNIHILATION METHOD; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OCEAN WATER; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; SYSTEM; URINE AB A multi-channel detection system utilizing fiber optics has been developed for the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) analysis of chromatographic eluents. It has been applied to the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a chromatographically overlapped standard mixture and to a complex soil sample extract obtained during fieldwork. The instrument utilizes dual-fiber optic arrays, one to deliver multiple excitation wavelengths (258-3421 nm) generated by a Raman shifter, and the other to collect fluorescence generated by the sample at each excitation wavelength; the collected fluorescence is dispersed and detected with a spectrograph/CCD combination. The resulting data were arranged into excitation emission matrices (EEM) for visualization and data analysis. Rapid characterization of PAH mixtures was achieved under isocratic chromatographic conditions (1.5 mL min(-1) and 80% acetonitrile in water), with mid mug L-1 detection limits, in less than 4 minutes. The ability of the instrument to identify co-eluting compounds was demonstrated by identifying and quantifying analytes in the rapid analysis of a 17 component laboratory-prepared PAH mixture and a soil extracted sample. Identification and quantification were accomplished using rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA) using pure component standards and the EEMs of mixtures measured during the rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method as the unknowns. The percentage errors of the retention times (RTs) determined using RAFA compared to the known RTs measured with a standard absorbance detector were between 0 and 11%. For the standard PAH mixture, all 17 components were identified correctly and for the soil extracted sample, all 8 analytes present were correctly identified with only one false positive. Overall, the system achieved excellent qualitative performance with semi-quantitative results in the concentration predictions of both the standard mixture and the real-world sample. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer LINK server located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216001-1125-6. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 372 IS 1 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1007/s00216-001-1125-6 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 560VV UT WOS:000176102800042 PM 11939196 ER PT S AU Hartman, P AF Hartman, P GP IEEE TI Utility of popular software defect models SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2002 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP IEEESAE, IIE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, IEST, SLE, RAMS DE software reliability engineering; software errors; defects; modeling AB Numerical models can be used to track and predict the number of defects in developmental and operational software. This paper introduces techniques to critically assess the effectiveness of software defect reduction efforts as the data is being gathered. This can be achieved by observing the fundamental shape of the cumulative defect discovery curves and by judging how quickly the various defect models converge to common predictions of long term software performance. Examining the data for various releases of the software presented by Healy shows that the logarithmic poisson, power and exponential curves can "fit" the failure intensity data. Previous examinations (Ref. 1) showed how well these various curves fit the failure data. It has been observed from these assessments that the Basic Execution Time ("finite failure") model, eqs (2) - (5), "capped" the predicted number of total failures at levels lower than the Iona term observed values. The power model, eqs ( 12) - (13), overestimated total failures, only the Logarithmic Poisson Execution Time ("infinite-failure") model, eqs (10) - (11), managed to fit the data well and extrapolate from early data to long term observations. The coefficients calculated for the Logarithmic Poisson model for Healy's (Ref. 2) data during the first 511 system months of testing, predicted the total failures for the long term performance at 11793 systems months within five percent. The maximum likelihood estimation of the Logarithmic Poisson model and its cumulative function can be performed using the "solver" add-in for standard spreadsheets. Real world data is not always as well behaved as that shown by Healy and the models do not fit the data as quickly nor as well as one would like. In this situation, one would do well to test the utility of several curve models as the data is being collected. This way, adjustments can be made to the methodology as the work of debugging progresses. Examining the shape of the cumulative defect discovery curve gives investigators a new method by which to evaluate the process. A convex cumulative curve shows that the process uncovers most of the defects early on, then reaches a point of diminishing returns where fewer and fewer are found per time period. This corresponds to the decreasing defect assumption of the debugging process modeled here. If the cumulative curve is concave, more defects are being discovered as the development process continues. This is not the desired case since the product could be released with many bugs remaining. This convex/concave assessment leads to the following rules of thumb. When the cumulative defect discovery curve is nearly a straight line, keep testing. When it is highly convex, look for the knee of the curve and watch for convergence of the various defect models as they approach the final defect line. If the cumulative curve is deeply concave, change the development and debugging processes. C1 Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Hartman, P (reprint author), Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-7348-0 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2002 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2002.981659 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU19P UT WOS:000175295600049 ER PT J AU Weiler, KW Panagia, N Montes, MJ Sramek, RA AF Weiler, KW Panagia, N Montes, MJ Sramek, RA TI Radio emission from supernovae and gamma-ray bursters SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE SN1998bw; GRB980425; afterglows; GRB970508; GRB980329; GRB980519; GRB991208; GRB991216; GRB000301C ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; 25 APRIL 1998; GRB 970508; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; SN 1998BW; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LIGHT CURVES; INTERSTELLAR SCINTILLATION; FIREBALL MODEL; STELLAR WIND AB Study of radio supernovae over the past 20 years includes two dozen detected objects and more than 100 upper limits. From this work it is possible to identify classes of radio properties, demonstrate conformance to and deviations from existing models, estimate the density and structure of the circumstellar material and, by inference, the evolution of the presupernova stellar wind, and reveal the last stages of stellar evolution before explosion. It is also possible to detect ionized hydrogen along the line of sight, to demonstrate binary properties of the stellar system, and to show clumpiness of the circumstellar material. More speculatively, it may be possible to provide distance estimates to radio supernovae. Over the past four years the afterglow of gamma-ray bursters has occasionally been detected in the radio, as well in other wavelengths bands. In particular, the interesting and unusual gamma-ray burst GRB980425, thought to be related to SN1998bw, is a possible link between supernovae and gamma-ray bursters. Analyzing the extensive radio emission data avaliable for SN1998bw, one can describe its time evolution within the well-established framework available for the analysis of radio emission from supernovae. This allows relatively detailed description of a number of physical properties of the object. The radio emission can best be explained as the interaction of a mildly relativistic (Gamma similar to 1.6) shock with a dense preexplosion stellar wind-established circumstellar medium that is highly structured both azimuthally, in clumps or filaments, and radially, with observed density enhancements. Because of its unusual characteristics for a Type Ib/c supernova, the relation of SN1998bw to GRB980425 is strengthened and suggests that at least some classes of GRBs originate in massive star explosions. Thus, employing the formalism for describing the radio emission from supernovae and following the link through SN1998bw/GRB980425, it is possible to model the gross properties of the radio and optical/infrared emission from the half-dozen GRBs with extensive radio observations. From this we conclude that at least some members of the "slow-soft" class of GRBs can be attributed to the explosion of a massive star in a dense, highly structured circumstellar medium that was presumably established by the preexplosion stellar system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. European Space Agcy, Dept Space Sci, Div Astrophys, F-75738 Paris 15, France. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Kurt.Weiler@nrl.navy.mil; panagia@stsci.edu; Marcos.Montes@nrl.navy.mil; dsramek@nrao.edu RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 177 TC 175 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2002 VL 40 BP 387 EP 438 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093744 PG 52 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 612BU UT WOS:000179054500012 ER PT J AU Reed, AM Milgram, JH AF Reed, AM Milgram, JH TI Ship wakes and their radar images SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE Kelvin wakes; centerline wakes; remote sensing of ship wakes ID SURFACE; WAVES AB Remote observations of a surface ship wake using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) show distinct features such as a dark trailing centerline region, bright V-images aligned at some angle to the ship's path, and, sometimes, either the transverse or the diverging waves of the Kelvin-wave pattern. The dark region of relatively low radar backscatter is usually associated with a region that is relatively lacking in short wave components, whereas the bright line feature suggests a region of enhanced radar return within the apparent angular confines of the ship's usual Kelvin-wave pattern. This review provides a survey of remotely sensed wake images, the systems that have collected these images, and an overview of the theory of Kelvin wakes-a primary source of the phenomena that cause the dark centerline and bright V-images-with example predictions. The review concludes with a survey of the phenomena that cause the dark centerline returns and some example predictions of the radar reflectivity across these dark centerline returns. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. MIT, Dept Ocean Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Reed, AM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 82 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 27 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4189 J9 ANNU REV FLUID MECH JI Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. PY 2002 VL 34 BP 469 EP 502 DI 10.1146/annurev.fluid.34.090101.190252 PG 34 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 524XP UT WOS:000174038400020 ER PT S AU Gill, SJ Pao, PS AF Gill, SJ Pao, PS BE Braun, AA McKeighan, PC Nicolson, AM Lohr, RD TI A method for conducting automated fatigue crack initiation tests on fracture mechanics specimens SO APPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY IN FATIGUE AND FRACTURE TESTING AND ANALYSIS, VOL 4 SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Automation Technology in Fatigue and Fracture Testing and Analysis, Vol 4 CY NOV 15, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ASTM, Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE constant amplitude; environment-assisted cracking; fatigue; fatigue crack initiation; fracture mechanics; initiation; metallic materials; stress intensity range ID GROWTH; TI-6AL-4V; ALLOY AB A method for conducting automated fatigue crack initiation tests on fracture mechanics specimens. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gill, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Component Technol Directorate, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2890-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1411 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1520/STP10614S PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BU05J UT WOS:000174874600014 ER PT S AU Sofge, D Schultz, A De Jong, K AF Sofge, D Schultz, A De Jong, K BE Cagnoni, S Gottieb, J Hart, E Middendorf, M Raidl, GR TI Evolutionary computational approaches to solving the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem using a neighborhood attractor schema SO APPLICATIONS OF EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EvoWorkshops 2002 Conference CY APR 03-04, 2002 CL KINSALE, IRELAND SP EvoNet, Network Excellence Evolut Comp AB This paper presents a variation of the Euclidean Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP), and compares a variety of evolutionary computation algorithms and paradigms for solving it. Techniques implemented, analyzed, and discussed herein with regard to MTSP include use of a neighborhood attractor schema (a variation on k-means clustering), the "shrink-wrap" algorithm for local neighborhood optimization, particle swarm optimization, Monte-Carlo optimization, and a range of genetic algorithms and evolutionary strategies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Sofge, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Sofge@aic.nrl.navy.mil; Schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil; kdejong@cs.gmu.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43432-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2279 BP 153 EP 162 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW19E UT WOS:000181139600016 ER PT J AU Ly, LN Garwood, RW AF Ly, LN Garwood, RW TI An ocean circulation model with surface wave parameterization SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd PanAmerican Workshop on Applied and Computational Mathematics CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL UNIV NACL TRUJILLO, TRUJILLO, PERU HO UNIV NACL TRUJILLO DE circulation-wave coupling; current-wave interaction; current-wave-turbulence; circulation modeling; surface breaking waves; upwelling simulation; pivotal-condensation method ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; BREAKING; GRIDS AB Breaking waves are considered an important source of turbulent energy, supplementing to shear production. Breaking waves also play an important role in development of thermo-dynamical and turbulent structures in the ocean. No circulation models presently used take the wind-wave-current-turbulence relationship into account. To improve understanding and prediction, an ocean circulation model with a surface wave parameterization is developed taking wind-wave-turbulence-current interaction into account. This model is called the NAM ocean model. Important features of NAM include a true coupling to wave prediction models and a numerical grid generation (multi-block) technique. The pivotal-condensation method is stable, simple and has rapid convergence. The method is especially effective for ocean modeling when primitive equations for momentum, temperature, salinity, turbulence kinetic energy, and turbulent dissipation are solved with the same procedure using advection and vertical diffusion equations. The latter requires only surface and bottom boundary conditions. The parameterization in the model uses a wave breaking condition of the linear wave theory and is able to relate model variables to wave parameters such as wave height, age, phase speed, period, and length. The model can be used for studying current-wave-turbulence interaction in realistic environments of varying topography, and complex temperature and salinity structures. The model is used in two numerical experiments to demonstrate ocean surface wave effects on current fields and to show the model capability for upwelling prediction. The model code is presently being parallelized using numerical multi-block grid and dual-level parallelism techniques. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of IMACS. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ly, LN (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 351 EP 366 DI 10.1016/S0168-9274(01)00084-8 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 510LM UT WOS:000173209600028 ER PT J AU Duparre, A Ferre-Borrull, J Gliech, S Notni, G Steinert, J Bennett, JM AF Duparre, A Ferre-Borrull, J Gliech, S Notni, G Steinert, J Bennett, JM TI Surface characterization techniques for determining the root-mean-square roughness and power spectral densities of optical components SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING MEASUREMENT; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; WAVELET METHODS; INSTRUMENT; MICROTOPOGRAPHY; FILMS AB Surface topography and light scattering were measured on 15 samples ranging from those having smooth surfaces to others with ground surfaces. The measurement techniques included an atomic force microscope, mechanical and optical profilers, confocal laser scanning microscope, angle-resolved scattering, and total scattering. The samples included polished and ground fused silica, silicon carbide, sapphire, electroplated gold, and diamond-turned brass. The measurement instruments and techniques had different surface spatial wavelength band limits, so the measured roughnesses were not directly comparable. Two-dimensional power spectral density (PSD) functions were calculated from the digitized measurement data, and we obtained rms roughnesses by integrating areas under the PSD curves between fixed upper and lower band limits. In this way, roughnesses measured with different instruments and techniques could be directly compared. Although smaller differences between measurement.. techniques remained in the calculated roughnesses, these could be explained mostly by surface topographical features such as isolated particles that affected the instruments in different ways. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn, Opt Syst Dept, D-07745 Jena, Germany. USN, Warface Ctr, Phys Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Duparre, A (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Appl Phys & Opt Dept, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM duparre@iof.fhg.de; jbennett@bidgenet.net RI Ferre-Borrull, Josep/A-9315-2009 OI Ferre-Borrull, Josep/0000-0002-5210-5133 NR 56 TC 176 Z9 181 U1 6 U2 51 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 154 EP 171 DI 10.1364/AO.41.000154 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 507NL UT WOS:000173034500022 PM 11900432 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Toftmann, B Haglund, RF Horwitz, JS Papantonakis, MR McGill, RA Wu, PW Chrisey, DB AF Bubb, DM Toftmann, B Haglund, RF Horwitz, JS Papantonakis, MR McGill, RA Wu, PW Chrisey, DB TI Resonant infrared pulsed laser deposition of thin biodegradable polymer films SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB Thin films of the biodegradable polymer poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were deposited using resonant infrared pulsed laser deposition (RIR-PLD). The output of a free-electron laser was focused onto a solid target of the polymer, and the films were deposited using 2.90 (resonant with O-H stretch) and 3.40 (C-H) mum light at macropulse fluences of 7.8 and 6.7 J/cm(2), respectively. Under these conditions, a 0.5-mum thick film can be grown in less than 5 min. Film structure was determined from infrared absorbance measurements and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). While the infrared absorbance spectrum of the films is nearly identical with that of the native polymer, the average molecular weight of the films is a little less than half that of the starting material. Potential strategies for defeating this mass change are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Free Electron Laser Lab, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, 400 S Orange Ave, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 9 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 74 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s003390101010 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 498RA UT WOS:000172523200023 ER PT J AU Bloom, D Carvalho, D Edmonds, J Magit, A AF Bloom, D Carvalho, D Edmonds, J Magit, A TI Neonatal dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth extending to the midline neck SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Pediat Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bloom, D (reprint author), USN Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 510MM UT WOS:000173211900012 PM 11784258 ER PT J AU Jiang, X Zhong, WM Farkas, T Huang, PW Wilton, N Barrett, E Fulton, D Morrow, R Matson, DO AF Jiang, X Zhong, WM Farkas, T Huang, PW Wilton, N Barrett, E Fulton, D Morrow, R Matson, DO TI Baculovirus expression and antigenic characterization of the capsid proteins of three Norwalk-like viruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CALICIVIRUSES HUCVS; RT-PCR; RECOMBINANT; PREVALENCE; DIVERSITY; CHILDREN; ELISA; GASTROENTERITIS; SEROPREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) are antigenically diverse. The antigenic relationships among different HuCVs have been difficult to study because HuCVs cannot be passaged in the laboratory. In this study, we describe cloning, sequencing and expression of the viral capsid proteins of three HuCVs that were identified in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Virginia in 1997-1998. Yields of the capsid proteins similar to previously expressed recombinant Norwalk virus were obtained using the baculovirus expression system. Recombinant VA97207 capsid protein (rVA97207) and rVA98387, but not rVA98115, formed virus-like particles (VLPs). All three recombinant capsid antigens detected seroresponses in patients involved in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with genetically homologous or related HuCVs. The antigenic relationships of the three strains were further characterized using hyperimmune antisera against the three capsid antigens as well as four previously characterized recombinant capsid antigens of Norwalk (rNV), Mexico (rMxV), Hawaii (rHV), and Grimsby viruses (rGrV). VA98387 shared 98% aa identity with GrV; rVA98387 was detected by antisera to GrV. VA98115 shared 87% aa identity with Desert Storm virus and 65% aa identity with prototype Norwalk virus (NV); rVA98115 reacted weakly with NV antisera. VA97207 shared 80% aa identity with Amsterdam and 75% aa identity with Leeds strains and rVA97207 was not detected by any of the heterologous antibodies. In conclusion, VA97207 and VA98115 may belong to CV antigenic types not previously expressed, while VA98387 is a GrV-like virus. Low levels of cross-reactive antibodies were detected between types. Further studies to characterize these antigens and to develop enzyme immune assays (EIAs) for these strains are in progress. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Jiang, X (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s705-002-8306-5 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 516ER UT WOS:000173539600008 PM 11855626 ER PT B AU Danly, BG Pershing, DE Ngo, M AF Danly, BG Pershing, DE Ngo, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Challenges in the network analysis of millimeter-wave overmoded and quasi-optical components SO ARFTG: AUTOMATIC RF TECHNIQUES GROUP, CONFERENCE DIGEST, FALL 2002: MEASUREMENTS NEEDS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Fall ARFTG Conference CY DEC 05-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Automat RF Tech Grp C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Danly, BG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6843, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8124-6 PY 2002 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1109/ARFTGF.2002.1218687 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX20X UT WOS:000184612700008 ER PT J AU Freilich, E Freilich, D Hacker, M Leach, L Patel, S Hebert, J AF Freilich, E Freilich, D Hacker, M Leach, L Patel, S Hebert, J TI The hemodynamic effects of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin in dopamine-resistant endotoxic shock in swine SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; HUMAN SEPTIC SHOCK; AORTIC RINGS; SEPSIS; MODEL; INHIBITION; DCLHB(TM); MORTALITY; REVERSES AB As the blood substitute Diaspirin Cross-linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb) has potent vasopressor activity, we assessed its hemodynamic effects in a clinically relevant dopamine-resistant endotoxic shock model in swine. In a randomized and controlled study, E. coli LPS was administered to anesthetized and invasively monitored swine. Group I (n=3) control pigs were not resuscitated. Groups II (n=5) and III (n=6) pigs received dopamine (DA) after MAP decreased 30%, and hetastarch and DCLHb, respectively, after dopamine-resistance occurred. Progressive hemodynamic decline occurred in Group I pigs. DA failed to restore MAP to baseline. However, 0% and 67% of pigs also treated with hetastarch and DCLHb, respectively, achieved temporary restoration of baseline MAP (p=0.03), prompting a reduction in the dose of DA in 0% of hetastarch vs. 50% of DCLHb treated pigs. Except for increased MPAP and decreased heart in DCLHb treated pigs (p<0.001), hemodynamics and survival were not different (p>0.05). In conclusion, although DCLHb exacerbated pulmonary hypertension and did not improve 0, utilization or survival, because DCLHb restored MAP to baseline and had a dopamine sparing effect, further investigation of DCLHb's hemodynamic effects in adrenergic agent-resistant endotoxemia is warranted. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Anesthesiol, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Pharmacol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Surg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Freilich, D (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 83 EP 98 DI 10.1081/BIO-120003190 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 551MW UT WOS:000175566300001 PM 12027230 ER PT J AU Kim, RSJ Kepner, JV Postman, M Strauss, MA Bahcall, NA Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Annis, J Nichol, RC Castander, FJ Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Connolly, A Csabai, I Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Vogeley, MS York, DG AF Kim, RSJ Kepner, JV Postman, M Strauss, MA Bahcall, NA Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Annis, J Nichol, RC Castander, FJ Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Connolly, A Csabai, I Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Vogeley, MS York, DG TI Detecting clusters of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Monte Carlo comparison of cluster detection algorithms SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis ID MORPHOLOGY-DENSITY RELATION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; ESO IMAGING SURVEY; RICH CLUSTERS; ABELL CLUSTERS; DISTANT CLUSTERS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; MATCHED-FILTER; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE AB We present a comparison of three cluster-finding algorithms from imaging data using Monte Carlo simulations of clusters embedded in a 25 deg(2) region of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging data: the matched filter (MF; Postman et al., published in 1996), the adaptive matched filter (AMF; Kepner et al., published in 1999), and a color-magnitude filtered Voronoi tessellation technique (VTT). Among the two matched filters, we find that the MF is more efficient in detecting faint clusters, whereas the AMF evaluates the redshifts and richnesses more accurately, therefore suggesting a hybrid method (HMF) that combines the two. The HMF outperforms the VTT when using a background that is uniform, but it is more sensitive to the presence of a nonuniform galaxy background than is the VTT; this is due to the assumption of a uniform background in the HMF model. We thus find that for the detection thresholds we determine to be appropriate for the SDSS data, the performance of both algorithms are similar; we present the selection function for each method evaluated with these thresholds as a function of redshift and richness. For simulated clusters generated with a Schechter luminosity function ( M-r* = -21.5 and alpha = 1.1), both algorithms are complete for Abell richness greater than or similar to1 clusters up to z similar to 4 for a sample magnitude limited to r = 21. While the cluster parameter evaluation shows a mild correlation with the local background density, the detection efficiency is not significantly affected by the background fluctuations, unlike previous shallower surveys. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kim, RSJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Postman, Marc/0000-0002-9365-7989 NR 87 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 20 EP 36 DI 10.1086/324727 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EJ UT WOS:000173767400003 ER PT J AU Szkody, P Anderson, SF Agueros, M Covarrubias, R Bentz, M Hawley, S Margon, B Voges, W Henden, A Knapp, GR Vanden Berk, DE Rest, A Miknaitis, G Magnier, E Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Harvanek, M Hindsley, R Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Kleinman, SJ Lamb, DQ Long, D Newman, PR Neilsen, EH Nichol, RC Nitta, A Schneider, DP Snedden, SA York, DG AF Szkody, P Anderson, SF Agueros, M Covarrubias, R Bentz, M Hawley, S Margon, B Voges, W Henden, A Knapp, GR Vanden Berk, DE Rest, A Miknaitis, G Magnier, E Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Harvanek, M Hindsley, R Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Kleinman, SJ Lamb, DQ Long, D Newman, PR Neilsen, EH Nichol, RC Nitta, A Schneider, DP Snedden, SA York, DG TI Cataclysmic variables from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. The first results SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; techniques : photometric; techniques : spectroscopic ID DWARF NOVA; X-RAY; OBJECTS; SYSTEM; PERIOD; STAR AB The commissioning year of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has demonstrated that many cataclysmic variables (CVs) have been missed in previous surveys with brighter limits. We report the identification of 22 CVs, of which 19 are new discoveries and three are known systems ( SW UMa, BH Lyn, and OU Vir). A compendium of positions, colors, and characteristics of these systems obtained from the SDSS photometry and spectroscopy is presented, along with data obtained during follow-up studies with the Apache Point Observatory and Manastash Ridge Observatory telescopes. We have determined orbital periods for three of the new systems, two show dwarf nova outbursts, and the third is a likely magnetic system with eclipses of its region of line emission. Based on these results, we expect the completed survey to locate at least 400 new CVs. Most of these will be faint systems with low accretion rates that will provide new constraints on binary evolution models. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Szkody, P (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 29 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 430 EP 442 DI 10.1086/324734 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EJ UT WOS:000173767400033 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Knapp, GR Hawley, SL Covey, KR Fan, XH Ramsey, LW Richards, GT Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Hill, GJ MacQueen, PJ Adams, MT Hill, GM Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Pier, JR Saxe, DH Shetrone, M Tufts, JR Wolf, MJ Brinkmann, J Csabai, IN Hennessy, GS York, DG AF Schneider, DP Knapp, GR Hawley, SL Covey, KR Fan, XH Ramsey, LW Richards, GT Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Hill, GJ MacQueen, PJ Adams, MT Hill, GM Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Pier, JR Saxe, DH Shetrone, M Tufts, JR Wolf, MJ Brinkmann, J Csabai, IN Hennessy, GS York, DG TI L dwarfs found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. II. Hobby-Eberly Telescope observations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; surveys ID LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; INFRARED SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; BROWN DWARFS; METHANE; COLORS; SYSTEM; STARS AB Low-dispersion optical spectra have been obtained with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope of 22 very red objects found in early imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The objects are assigned spectral types on the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) system and are found to range from late M to late L. The red and near-infrared colors from SDSS and 2MASS correlate closely with each other, and most of the colors are closely related to spectral type in this range; the exception is the i*-z* color, which appears to be independent of spectral type between about M7 and L4. The spectra suggest that this independence is due to the disappearance of the TiO and VO absorption in the i band for later spectral types, the presence of strong Na I and K I absorption in the i band, and the gradual disappearance of the 8400 Angstrom absorption of TiO and FeH in the z band. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 458 EP 465 DI 10.1086/338095 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EJ UT WOS:000173767400036 ER PT J AU Stoughton, C Lupton, RH Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Burles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kunszt, PZ Lee, BC Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Pier, JR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Schlegel, DJ Smith, JA Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B Adelman, JK Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bakken, JA Bartelmann, M Bastian, S Bauer, A Berman, E Bohringer, H Boroski, WN Bracker, S Briegel, C Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Carey, L Carr, MA Chen, B Christian, D Colestock, PL Crocker, JH Csabai, IN Czarapata, PC Dalcanton, J Davidsen, AF Davis, JE Dehnen, W Dodelson, S Doi, M Dombeck, T Donahue, M Ellman, N Elms, BR Evans, ML Eyer, L Fan, XH Federwitz, GR Friedman, S Fukugita, M Gal, R Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Greenawalt, B Greene, G Gunn, JE de Haas, E Haiman, Z Haldeman, M Hall, PB Hamabe, M Hansen, B Harris, FH Harris, H Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, JJE Heckman, TM Helmi, A Henden, A Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, J Huang, CH Hull, C Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Johnston, DE Kauffmann, G Kim, RSJ Kimball, T Kinney, E Klaene, M Kleinman, SJ Klypin, A Knapp, GR Korienek, J Krolik, J Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, C Long, DC Loomis, C Loveday, J MacKinnon, B Mannery, EJ Mantsch, PM Margon, B McG'hee, P Mckay, TA McLean, B Menou, K Merelli, A Mo, HJ Monet, DG Nakamura, O Narayanan, VK Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Odenkirchen, M Okada, N Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Pauls, AG Peoples, J Peterson, RS Petravick, D Pope, A Pordes, R Postman, M Prosapio, A Quinn, TR Rechenmacher, R Rivetta, CH Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Rosner, R Ruthmansdorfer, K Sandford, D Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Sergey, G Sheth, R Shimasaku, K Smee, S Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stubbs, C Szapudi, I Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tabachnik, S Tsvetanov, Z Uomoto, A Vogeley, MS Voges, W Waddell, P Walterbos, R Wang, SI Watanabe, M Weinberg, DH White, RL White, SDM Wilhite, B Wolfe, D Yasuda, N York, DG Zehavi, I Zheng, W AF Stoughton, C Lupton, RH Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Burles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Eisenstein, DJ Frieman, JA Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kunszt, PZ Lee, BC Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Pier, JR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Schlegel, DJ Smith, JA Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B Adelman, JK Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bakken, JA Bartelmann, M Bastian, S Bauer, A Berman, E Bohringer, H Boroski, WN Bracker, S Briegel, C Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Carey, L Carr, MA Chen, B Christian, D Colestock, PL Crocker, JH Csabai, IN Czarapata, PC Dalcanton, J Davidsen, AF Davis, JE Dehnen, W Dodelson, S Doi, M Dombeck, T Donahue, M Ellman, N Elms, BR Evans, ML Eyer, L Fan, XH Federwitz, GR Friedman, S Fukugita, M Gal, R Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Greenawalt, B Greene, G Gunn, JE de Haas, E Haiman, Z Haldeman, M Hall, PB Hamabe, M Hansen, B Harris, FH Harris, H Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, JJE Heckman, TM Helmi, A Henden, A Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, J Huang, CH Hull, C Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Johnston, DE Kauffmann, G Kim, RSJ Kimball, T Kinney, E Klaene, M Kleinman, SJ Klypin, A Knapp, GR Korienek, J Krolik, J Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, C Long, DC Loomis, C Loveday, J MacKinnon, B Mannery, EJ Mantsch, PM Margon, B McG'hee, P Mckay, TA McLean, B Menou, K Merelli, A Mo, HJ Monet, DG Nakamura, O Narayanan, VK Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Nitta, A Odenkirchen, M Okada, N Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Pauls, AG Peoples, J Peterson, RS Petravick, D Pope, A Pordes, R Postman, M Prosapio, A Quinn, TR Rechenmacher, R Rivetta, CH Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Rosner, R Ruthmansdorfer, K Sandford, D Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Sergey, G Sheth, R Shimasaku, K Smee, S Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stubbs, C Szapudi, I Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tabachnik, S Tsvetanov, Z Uomoto, A Vogeley, MS Voges, W Waddell, P Walterbos, R Wang, SI Watanabe, M Weinberg, DH White, RL White, SDM Wilhite, B Wolfe, D Yasuda, N York, DG Zehavi, I Zheng, W TI Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Early data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; GALAXY REDSHIFTS; MILKY-WAY; QUASARS; STARS; SDSS; CATALOG; SPECTRA AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is an imaging and spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately one-quarter of the celestial sphere and collect spectra of 10 6 galaxies, 100,000 quasars, 30,000 stars, and 30,000 serendipity targets. In 2001 June, the SDSS released to the general astronomical community its early data release, roughly 462 deg(2) of imaging data including almost 14 million detected objects and 54,008 follow-up spectra. The imaging data were collected in drift-scan mode in five bandpasses (u, g, r, i, and z); our 95% completeness limits for stars are 22.0, 22.2, 22.2, 21.3, and 20.5, respectively. The photometric calibration is reproducible to 5%, 3%, 3%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The spectra are flux- and wavelength-calibrated, with 4096 pixels from 3800 to 9200 Angstrom at R approximate to 1800. We present the means by which these data are distributed to the astronomical community, descriptions of the hardware used to obtain the data, the software used for processing the data, the measured quantities for each observed object, and an overview of the properties of this data set. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Tokai Univ, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Japan Womens Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astrophys & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Akad Pedagog Krakowie, Observ Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Merrill Lynch Japan Inc, Tokyo 100, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Stoughton, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Donahue, Megan/B-5361-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Bartelmann, Matthias/A-5336-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; Mo, Houjun/P-7811-2015; OI /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Christian, Damian/0000-0003-1746-3020; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 62 TC 1722 Z9 1736 U1 4 U2 37 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 485 EP 548 DI 10.1086/324741 PG 64 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EJ UT WOS:000173767400039 ER PT J AU Bogdan, TJ Rosenthal, CS Carlsson, M Hansteen, V McMurry, A Zita, EJ Johnson, M Petty-Powell, S McIntosh, SW Nordlund, A Stein, RF Dorch, SBF AF Bogdan, TJ Rosenthal, CS Carlsson, M Hansteen, V McMurry, A Zita, EJ Johnson, M Petty-Powell, S McIntosh, SW Nordlund, A Stein, RF Dorch, SBF TI Waves in magnetic flux concentrations: The critical role of mode mixing and interference SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE stars : oscillations; stars : spots; Sun AB Time-dependent numerical simulations of nonlinear wave propagation in a two-dimensional (slab) magnetic field geometry show wave mixing and interference to be important aspects of oscillatory phenomena in starspots and sunspots. Discrete sources located within the umbra generate both fast and slow MHD waves, The latter are compressive acoustic waves which are guided along the magnetic field lines and steepen into N-waves with increasing height ill the,pot atmosphere, The former are less compressive, and accelerate rapidly upward through the overlying low-beta portion of the umbral photosphere and chromosphere (beta = 8pip/B-2). As the fast wave fronts impinge upon the beta approximate to 1 penumbral "magnetic canopy" from above, they interfere with the outward-propagating field-guided slow waves, and they also mode convert to (non-magnetic) acoustic-gravity waves as they penetrate into the weak magnetic field region which lies between the penumbral canopy and the base of the Surrounding photosphere. In a three-dimensional situation. one expect,, additional generation. mixing and interference with the remaining torsional Alfven waves. C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22300 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ESA Res & Sci Support Dept, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Copenhagen, NBIfAFG, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Stockholm Observ, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SE-13336 Saltsjobaden, Sweden. RP Bogdan, TJ (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22300 USA. RI Dorch, Bertil/A-7378-2012; Nordlund, Aake/M-4528-2014 OI Dorch, Bertil/0000-0003-2594-6778; Nordlund, Aake/0000-0002-2219-0541 NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2002 VL 323 IS 3-4 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1002/1521-3994(200208)323:3/4<196::AID-ASNA196>3.0.CO;2-E PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 591DU UT WOS:000177865100007 ER PT J AU Frohlich, C Lean, J AF Frohlich, C Lean, J TI Solar irradiance variability and climate SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE Sun; solar activity; solar-terrestrial relationships ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; MAUNDER MINIMUM; ENERGY-BALANCE; SUN; CYCLE; RECONSTRUCTION; TIME; SOLAR-CYCLE-22; UNCERTAINTIES; TEMPERATURE AB Since November 1978 a complete set of total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements from space is available, yielding a time series of more than 23 years. From measurements made by different space-based radiometers (HF on NIMBUS 7, ACRIM I on SMM, ACRIM II on UARS and VIRGO on SOHO) a composite record of TSI is compiled with an overall precision of order 0.05 Wm(-2) and a secular trend uncertainty of +/-3 ppm/year. This time series is compared with an empirical model of irradiance variability based on sunspot darkening and brightening due to faculae and network. From this comparison the model is calibrated and used to estimate possible changes of TSI in the past, using historical proxies of solar activity. For this purpose, stellar observations provide information about the possible range of solar variability over the last millennium when changes of Earth's climate are well documented. Together, the paleo solar and climate data enable a discussion of the extent of global climate change that can be explained by a variable Sun. C1 PMOD WRC, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frohlich, C (reprint author), PMOD WRC, Dorfstr 33, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2002 VL 323 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1002/1521-3994(200208)323:3/4<203::AID-ASNA203>3.0.CO;2-L PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 591DU UT WOS:000177865100008 ER PT J AU Wilhelm, K Inhester, B Newmark, JS AF Wilhelm, K Inhester, B Newmark, JS TI The inner solar corona seen by SUMER, LASCO/C1, and EIT: Electron densities and temperatures during the rise of the new solar cycle SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : atmosphere; Sun : transition region; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; MASS EJECTIONS; N=2 CONFIGURATIONS; LINE RATIOS; SOHO; TELESCOPE; SPECTRA; SUN AB Detailed investigations of the corona and the source regions of the solar wind have become possible with spectroscopic and imaging instruments on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We present observations in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), pertinent to the generation of the slow solar wind, which were obtained by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrograph and by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) in early 1998 under relatively quiet solar conditions, but with several active regions of the new solar cycle present. At the same time, forbidden iron lines in the visible were observed by the Large-Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO/C1). We study, in particular, the plasma parameters and the spatial structures of the low-altitude streamer regions, and find an electron density of n(e) approximate to 2 x 10(8) cm(-3) at 5 Mm above the equatorial limb for the coronal plasma, and n(e) = (2 to 6) x 10(9) cm(-3) for the plasma at transition-region temperatures. High-temperature regions have been found at mid-latitudes with electron temperatures of T-e approximate to 1.4 x 10(6) K at heights of about 80 Mm and lower temperatures near the equator. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilhelm, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. NR 57 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 382 IS 1 BP 328 EP 341 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011608 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 515XT UT WOS:000173522500031 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD AF Bottcher, M Dermer, CD TI An evolutionary scenario for blazar unification SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; gamma rays : theory ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; SELF-COMPTON MODEL; BLACK-HOLE; X-RAY; BL LACERTAE; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; CONTINUUM EMISSION; ACCRETION DISK AB Blazar subclasses ranging from flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) through low-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs) to high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) exhibit a sequence of increasing spectral hardness with decreasing luminosity that cannot be explained solely by orientation effects. Using an analytic model for the synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and Compton-scattered external radiation from blazar jets, we propose an evolutionary scenario that links these blazar subclasses in terms of a reduction of the black hole accretion power with time. As the circumnuclear material accretes to fuel the central engine, less gas and dust are left to scatter accretion-disk radiation and produce an external Compton-scattered component in blazar spectra. This evolutionary trend produces the sequence FSR-Q --> LBL --> HBL. Such a scenario may also link radio-loud AGNs with ultraluminous infrared galaxies and optical quasars, if the latter constitute the high-Eddington-ratio epoch of supermassive black hole growth, as suggested by the observed anticorrelation between radio and soft X-ray activity in some Galactic black hole candidates. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 108,6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 57 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 564 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.1086/324134 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 509NR UT WOS:000173154300009 ER PT J AU Burgasser, AJ Kirkpatrick, JD Brown, ME Reid, IN Burrows, A Liebert, J Matthews, K Gizis, JE Dahn, CC Monet, DG Cutri, RM Skrutskie, MF AF Burgasser, AJ Kirkpatrick, JD Brown, ME Reid, IN Burrows, A Liebert, J Matthews, K Gizis, JE Dahn, CC Monet, DG Cutri, RM Skrutskie, MF TI The spectra of T dwarfs. I. Near-infrared data and spectral classification SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; techniques : spectroscopic ID LOW-MASS STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COOL BROWN DWARF; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; GLIESE 229B; GIANT PLANETS; DUSTY PHOTOSPHERES; DISCOVERY; METHANE; 2MASS AB We present near-infrared spectra for a sample of T dwarfs, including 11 new discoveries made using the 2 Micron All Sky Survey. These objects are distinguished from warmer (L-type) brown dwarfs by the presence of methane absorption bands in the 1-5 mum spectral region. A first attempt at a near-infrared classification scheme for T dwarfs is made, based on the strengths of CH4 and H2O bands and the shapes of the 1.25, 1.6, and 2.1 mum flux peaks. Subtypes T1 V-T8 V are defined, and spectral indices useful for classification are presented. The subclasses appear to follow a decreasing T-eff scale, based on the evolution of CH4 and H2O bands and the properties of L and T dwarfs with known distances. However, we speculate that this scale is not linear with spectral type for cool dwarfs, due to the settling of dust layers below the photosphere and subsequent rapid evolution of spectral morphology around T-eff similar to 1300-1500K. Similarities in near-infrared colors and continuity of spectral features suggest that the gap between the latest L dwarfs and earliest T dwarfs has been nearly bridged. This argument is strengthened by the possible role of as a minor absorber, shaping the K-band spectra of the latest CH 4 L dwarfs. Finally, we discuss one peculiar T dwarf, 2MASS 0937+2931, which has very blue near-infrared colors (J-K-s = -0.89+/-0.24)due to suppression of the 2.1 mum peak. The feature is likely caused by enhanced collision-induced absorption in a high-pressure or low-metallicity photosphere. C1 CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Five Coll Astron Dept, LGRT B 619, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, MS 103-33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM diver@its.caltech.edu; davy@ipac.caltech.edu; mbrown@gps.caltech.edu; inr@stsci.edu; burrows@jupiter.as.arizona.edu; liebert@as.arizona.edu; kym@caltech.edu; gizis@ipac.caltech.edu; dahn@nofs.navy.mil; dgm@nofs.navy.mil; roc@ipac.caltech.edu; skrutski@north.astro.umass.edu OI Gizis, John/0000-0002-8916-1972 NR 100 TC 290 Z9 291 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 564 IS 1 BP 421 EP 451 DI 10.1086/324033 PN 1 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 509NR UT WOS:000173154300042 ER PT J AU Leggett, SK Golimowski, DA Fan, XH Geballe, TR Knapp, GR Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Gunn, JE Hawley, SL Henry, TJ Hindsley, R Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Pier, JR Schneider, DP Smyth, JA Strauss, MA Uomoto, A York, DG AF Leggett, SK Golimowski, DA Fan, XH Geballe, TR Knapp, GR Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Gunn, JE Hawley, SL Henry, TJ Hindsley, R Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Pier, JR Schneider, DP Smyth, JA Strauss, MA Uomoto, A York, DG TI Infrared photometry of late-M, L, and T dwarfs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COOL BROWN DWARF; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; LOW-MASS STARS; GLIESE 229B; DUSTY PHOTOSPHERES; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; METHANE AB We present ZJHKL'M' photometry of a sample of 58 late M, L, and T dwarfs, most of which are identified from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Two Micron All-Sky Survey. Near-infrared spectra and spectral classifications for most of this sample are presented in a companion paper by Geballe et al. We derive the luminosities of 18 dwarfs in the sample with known parallaxes, and the results imply that the effective temperature range for the L dwarfs in our sample is approximately 2200-1300 K and for the T dwarfs 1300-800 K. We obtained new photometric data at the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope for : 42 dwarfs at Z, 34 dwarfs at JHK, 21 dwarfs at L', as well as M' data for two L dwarfs and two T dwarfs. The M' data provide the first accurate photometry for L and T dwarfs in this bandpass-for a T2 and a T5 dwarf, we find K-M' =1.2 and 1.6, respectively. These colors are much bluer than predicted by published models, suggesting that CO may be more abundant in these objects than expected, as has been found for the T6 dwarf G1 229B. We also find that K-L' increases monotonically through most of the M, L, and T subclasses, but it is approximately constant between types L6 and T5, restricting its usefulness as a temperature indicator. The degeneracy is probably due to the onset of CH4 absorption at the blue edge of the L' bandpass. The JHK colors of L dwarfs show significant scatter, suggesting that the fluxes in these bandpasses are sensitive to variations in photospheric dust properties. The H-K colors of the later T dwarfs also show some scatter, which we suggest is due to variations in pressure-induced H-2 opacity, which is sensitive to gravity and metallicity. C1 Joint Astron Ctr, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys & Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Joint Astron Ctr, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM skl@jach.hawaii.edu; dag@pha.jhu.edu; fan@ias.edu; tgeballe@gemini.edu; gk@astro.Princeton.edu RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601 NR 58 TC 234 Z9 234 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 564 IS 1 BP 452 EP 465 DI 10.1086/324037 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 509NR UT WOS:000173154300043 ER PT J AU Geballe, TR Knapp, GR Leggett, SK Fan, X Golimowski, DA Anderson, S Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Gunn, JE Hawley, SL Hennessy, G Henry, TJ Hill, GJ Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH McDaniel, A Munn, JA Narayanan, VK Peng, E Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Smith, JA Strauss, MA Tsvetanov, ZI Uomoto, A York, DG Zheng, W AF Geballe, TR Knapp, GR Leggett, SK Fan, X Golimowski, DA Anderson, S Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Gunn, JE Hawley, SL Hennessy, G Henry, TJ Hill, GJ Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH McDaniel, A Munn, JA Narayanan, VK Peng, E Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Smith, JA Strauss, MA Tsvetanov, ZI Uomoto, A York, DG Zheng, W TI Toward spectral classification of L and T dwarfs: Infrared and optical spectroscopy and analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; COOL BROWN DWARF; LOW-MASS STARS; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; GLIESE 229B; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES AB We present 0.6-2.5 mum, Rgreater than or similar to400 spectra of 27 cool, low-luminosity stars and substellar objects. Based on these and previously published spectra, we develop a preliminary spectral classification system for L and T dwarfs. For late L and T types the classification system is based entirely on four spectral indices in the 1-2.5 mum interval. Two of these indices are derived from water absorption bands at 1.15 and 1.4 km, the latter of which shows a smooth increase in depth through the L and T sequences and can be used to classify both spectral types. The other two indices make use of methane absorption features in the H and K bands, with the K-band index also applicable to mid-to-late L dwarfs. Continuum indices shortward of 1 mum used by previous authors to classify L dwarfs are found to be useful only through mid-L subclasses. We employ the 1.5 mum water index and the 2.2 mum methane index to complete the L classification through L9.5 and to link the new system with a modified version of the 2MASS "color-d" index. By correlating the depths of the methane and water absorption features, we establish a T spectral sequence from T0 to T8, based on all four indices, that is a smooth continuation of the L sequence. We reclassify two 2MASS L8 dwarfs as L9 and L9.5 and identify one SDSS object as L9. In the proposed system methane absorption appears in the K band approximately at L8, two subclasses earlier than its appearance in the H band. The L and T spectral classes are distinguished by the absence and presence, respectively, of H-band methane absorption. C1 Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gemini Observ, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Leggett, Sandy/0000-0002-3681-2989; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601 NR 73 TC 319 Z9 320 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 564 IS 1 BP 466 EP 481 DI 10.1086/324078 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 509NR UT WOS:000173154300044 ER PT S AU Stevens, MH AF Stevens, MH BE Mendillo, M Nagy, A Waite, JH TI The extreme ultraviolet airglow of N-2 atmospheres SO ATMOSPHERES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: COMPARATIVE AERONOMY SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Yosemite Conference on Comparative Aeronomy in the Solar System CY FEB 08-11, 2000 CL YOSEMITE, CA SP NASA, NSF, SW Res Inst ID TITANS UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; VOYAGER-1 ENCOUNTER; EUV EMISSION; SOLAR EUV; RESOLUTION; DAYGLOW; MODEL; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; IONOSPHERE AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) airglow observations at Titan, Triton and Earth provide a rigorous test for models of N-2 atmospheres. This is primarily because the emissions are produced in dramatically different environments. EUV spectra obtained by the Voyager Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) at Titan and Triton are dominated by emission arising from electron impact on N-2 and by photodissociative ionization of N-2. Spectral analyses of the UVS data originally showed that the N-2 Carroll-Yoshino (CY) (0,0) band near 95.86 nm, the (0,1) band near 98.05 nm and the NII 108.5 rim multiplet are the brightest EUV airglow features. But the detailed processes leading to their intensity distribution are only now becoming clear. Model results have shown that the (0,0) band is optically thick and that photoelectron excitation followed by multiple scattering redistributes nearly all (0,0) band emission to the (0,l) band. Summing all emissions from other N-2 bands and NI multiplets near the (0,0) band excited by the solar EUV and X-ray irradiance indicated that the (0,0) band was misidentified. Many of these other emissions are now identified in new high-resolution terrestrial airglow spectra. The distribution of EUV airglow intensity at Triton is different than at Titan and new results are presented here from the same multiple scattering model adapted to Triton. It is found that the ratio of the (0, 1) band to the blended emission near the (0,0) band is higher at Triton than at Titan and that the integrated intensity between 94.2-99.6 run is 2.6 R at Triton, all consistent with UVS observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-989-2 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2002 VL 130 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1029/130GM21 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU78Y UT WOS:000177015100021 ER PT S AU DeKruger, DH AF DeKruger, DH BE Sadjadi, FA TI Issues concerning the generation of synthetic data for use in LADAR ATR for stationary mobile-targets SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Automatic Target Recognition; LADAR; synthetic data; IRMA AB Recent work in the area of laser radar automatic target recognition of stationary mobile targets has utilized synthetic range imagery to derive correlation filters or templates. This paper examines some of the parameters that need to be considered when generating the synthetic data. In addition to the standard parameters such as range, target aspect angle, and sensor elevation, parameters such as sensor velocity, scan time, and target position in the scene can effect how well the synthetic data matches the real-world data. The investigation of these parameters is conducted with synthetic data produced by Infrared Modeling and Analysis simulation package. Some of the synthetic imagery is then compared with measured data. C1 USN, Ctr Weap Div, Target Recognit Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP DeKruger, DH (reprint author), USN, Ctr Weap Div, Target Recognit Branch, 1 Adm Circle,Code 452500D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4476-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4726 BP 58 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.477047 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20N UT WOS:000178156400006 ER PT S AU Crosby, F AF Crosby, F BE Sadjadi, FA TI Glint induced false alarm reduction in signature adaptive target detection SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ATR; CFAR; multispectral detection; glint; false alarm reduction AB The signal adaptive target detection algorithm developed by Crosby and Riley uses target geometry to discern anomalies in local backgrounds. Detection is not restricted based on specific target signatures. The robustness of the algorithm is limited by an increased false alarm potential. The base algorithm is extended to eliminate one common source of false alarms in a littoral environment. This common source is glint reflected on the surface of water. The spectral and spatial transience of glint prevent straightforward characterization and complicate exclusion. However, the statistical basis of the detection algorithm and its inherent computations allow for glint discernment and the removal of its influence. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4476-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4726 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.477036 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV20N UT WOS:000178156400028 ER PT J AU Grimson, JM Schallhorn, SC Kaupp, SE AF Grimson, JM Schallhorn, SC Kaupp, SE TI Contrast sensitivity: Establishing normative data for use in screening prospective naval pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE contrast sensitivity; vision testing; letter chart ID PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; VISUAL-ACUITY; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; AIRCRAFT; VISION; ANGLE; TESTS; AGE AB Background: Contrast sensitivity testing can be a useful supplement to standard visual acuity tests. Currently there are no standards for contrast sensitivity in military aviation. Student naval pilots, who often have better-than-average visual acuity, could be expected to have better-than-average contrast sensitivity. Any attempt to establish contrast sensitivity standards for military aviation should begin with establishing normative data, particularly data gathered from the military aviation community. Hypothesis: Student naval pilots differ from the general military population on Small Letter Contrast Test measurements. Methods: Contrast sensitivity was measured in a group of student naval pilots (n = 107) and compared with results from aviation and non-aviation personnel. The Small Letter Contrast Test (SLCT) was used (19). Other subjects consisted of student naval flight officers (n = 40), experienced naval pilots and flight officers (n = 35 and 86, respectively), enlisted aircrew (n = 175), and other military personnel tested before undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (n = 185). Results: Data collected provide large-group demographic characteristics and normative values for contrast sensitivity measured with the SLCT. Of the non-aviation controls, 95% scored at least 0.62 (read at least 7 lines plus 2 of 10 letters on the 8th line of the chart), and 95% of the student pilots scored at least 0.81, (read at least 9 lines plus 1 letter on the 10th line). Conclusion: Student naval pilots scored significantly better on the SLCT than the military control population. The SLCT shows potential as a screening device during induction physical examinations of military pilots. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol & Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Grimson, JM (reprint author), USN, Strike & Air Warfare Ctr, 00M,4755 Pasture Rd, NAS Fallon, NV 89496 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 509UA UT WOS:000173167000006 PM 11817617 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Suresh, R Roper, WE TI Autonomous self-organizing resource manager for multiple networked platforms SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Warfare Conference CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fuzzy logic; resource management; autonomous systems; self-organizing systems; genetic algorithms; expert systems ID MULTISENSOR ASSOCIATION ALGORITHM; FUZZY AB A fuzzy logic based expert system for resource management has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time over many dissimilar autonomous naval platforms defending their group against attackers. The platforms can be very general, e.g., ships, planes, robots, land based facilities, etc. Potential foes the platforms deal with can also be general. This paper provides an overview of the resource manager including the four fuzzy decision trees that make up the resource manger; the fuzzy EA model; genetic algorithm based optimization; co-evolutionary data mining through gaming; and mathematical, computational and hardware based validation. Methods of automatically designing new multi-platform EA techniques are considered. The expert system runs on each defending platform rendering it an autonomous system requiring no human intervention. There is no commanding platform. Instead the platforms work cooperatively as a function of battlespace geometry, sensor data such as range, bearing, ID, uncertainty measures for sensor output; intelligence reports; etc. Computational experiments will show the defending networked platform's ability to self-organize. The platforms' ability to self-organize is illustrated through the output of the scenario generator, a software package that automates the underlying data mining problem and creates a computer movie of the platforms' interaction for evaluation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4491-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4741 BP 112 EP 123 DI 10.1117/12.478705 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BV34H UT WOS:000178618100012 ER PT S AU Cooperstein, G AF Cooperstein, G BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Status of particle beam and pulsed power research in the US SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB Many exciting papers were presented at BEAMS2002 on the topics of high-power particle beams, pulsed power research, and applications. Taken in their entirety, they represent a snapshot of the world's efforts in these areas of research. This paper highlights major US research efforts and collaborative efforts outside the US. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooperstein, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400001 ER PT S AU Commisso, RJ Young, FC Bayol, F Allen, RJ Boller, JR Charre, P Cooperstein, G Garrigues, A Gonzales, C Mosher, D Pompier, F Swanekamp, SB Vezinet, R AF Commisso, RJ Young, FC Bayol, F Allen, RJ Boller, JR Charre, P Cooperstein, G Garrigues, A Gonzales, C Mosher, D Pompier, F Swanekamp, SB Vezinet, R BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Characterization of the rod-pinch diode at 2 to 4 MV as a high-resolution source for flash radiography SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB The ASTERIX generator is used to evaluatate the rod-pinch electron-beam diode as an intense source of x-rays for high-resolution, pulsed (30- to 40-ns FWHM) radiography at peak diode voltages of voltages of 2.4 to 4.4 MV and peak diode currents of 55 to 135 kA. At 4 MV, tungsten anode rods of 1-mm or 2-mm diameter produce on-axis doses at 1 meter of 16 rad(Si) or 20 rad(Si), respectively. The on-axis source diameter based on the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the line-spread-function (LSF) is 0.9 +/- 0.1 mm for a 1-mm diameter rod and 1.4 +/- 0.1 mm for a 2-mm diam rod, independent of voltage. The LANL source diameter is nearly twice the FWHM. The measured rod-pinch current is reproduced with a diode model that includes ions and accounts for anode and cathode plasma expansion. A composite diode with a large diameter carbon-rod anode followed by a smaller-diameter tungsten-tip converter shows promise for applications where a small central source feature is desired. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Commisso, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400042 ER PT S AU Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Strasburg, SD Swanekamp, SB Oliver, BV AF Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Strasburg, SD Swanekamp, SB Oliver, BV BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Non-laminar flow model for the impedance of a rod-pinch diode SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB A previous laminar flow model for the rod-pinch diode. is extended to include a transverse pressure term to study the effects of non-laminar flow. The non-laminar nature of the flow has a significant impact on the diode impedance. Results show that the introduction of the transverse pressure decreases the diode impedance predicted by the model bringing it into better agreement with experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400043 ER PT S AU Weber, BV Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Strasburg, SB Swanekamp, SB Young, FC AF Weber, BV Cooperstein, G Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Strasburg, SB Swanekamp, SB Young, FC BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI The plasma-filled rod-pinch diode: A new technique to concentrate MeV electron beams to ultra-high power and energy densities SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB The plasma-filled rod-pinch diode produces an MeV electron beam with ultra-high power density (similar to30 TW/cm(2)) and energy density (600 MJ/cm(3)) at the tip of a tapered tungsten rod. Current flows through an injected plasma between the grounded cathode and the high-voltage anode rod. Once JxB forces translate the current to the tip, an e-beam is drawn across a vacuum gap that opens there. Intense e-beam deposition on the anode tip creates an ultra-bright x-ray source. The x-ray source distribution has a very narrow central part (0.4 mm FWHM) with large-scale (few mm) wings, attributed to expanding rod material. Despite the wings, resolution target data show the ability to resolve (with contrast ratio 1.2) 2.5 line-pairs per mm at 5x magnification, the same as would be obtained from a 0.42-mm diam, uniformly emitting disk source. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400044 ER PT S AU Mosher, D Schumer, J Hinshelwood, D Weber, B Stephanakis, S Swanekamp, S Young, F AF Mosher, D Schumer, J Hinshelwood, D Weber, B Stephanakis, S Swanekamp, S Young, F BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI An electron-beam-heating model for the gamble II rod pinch SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB The rod-pinch diode concentrates electron deposition onto the tip of a high-atomic-number, mm-dia. anode rod to create an ultra-bright x-ray source for multi-MV radiography. Here, a technique is presented whereby line-spread functions acquired on-axis and at 90degrees to the rod are used to determine the electron-deposition distribution. Results show that the smaller measured on-axis spot size for heated rods on Gamble II is. due to pinching closer to the tapered tip. For a diode power of 6x10(10) W, peak electron heating of 1x10(14) W/cm(3) is calculated. MHD calculations of the e-beam-heated rod response agree with Schlieren measurements of plasma expansion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mosher, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400046 ER PT S AU Hinshelwood, DD Cooperstein, G Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Young, FC AF Hinshelwood, DD Cooperstein, G Mosher, D Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Stephanakis, SJ Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV Young, FC BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Improvement in rod-pinch diode performance with anode heating SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB We have studied the performance of rod-pinch diodes with heated anodes. Anode heating is seen to virtually eliminate the proton component of the ion beam, leading to an increase in radiation efficiency. With heated anodes the beam pinches slightly closer to the rod tip which leads to a reduction in spot size when tapered anodes are used. An expected reduction in the rate of impedance collapse is not observed. Heating is easy to implement, and the observed improvements in diode performance merit further study of this approach. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hinshelwood, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 203 EP 206 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400047 ER PT S AU Cooperstein, G Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Stephanakis, SJ Weber, BV Young, FC AF Cooperstein, G Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Allen, RJ Commisso, RJ Hinshelwood, DD Mosher, D Stephanakis, SJ Weber, BV Young, FC BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI The influence of anode-plasma location on total current in self-magnetically-limited electron-beam diodes SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB The critical current for both planar self-pinched electron-beam diodes and rod-pinch diodes is shown to be affected by the location of anode ion production relative to the cathode location. Specifically, for cathodes that are thin compared with the A-K gap, anode ions produced upstream of the cathode enhance the critical current scaling factor a. On the other hand, when ions are only produced downstream near the point where the electrons first hit the anode at grazing incidence, a approaches the electrons only value. This new interpretation helps to bring PIC simulation results into better agreement with experimental results for both types of diodes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cooperstein, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400049 ER PT S AU Myers, MC Friedman, M Swanekamp, SB Chan, LY Ludeking, L Sethian, JD AF Myers, MC Friedman, M Swanekamp, SB Chan, LY Ludeking, L Sethian, JD BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Suppression of the transit-time instability in large-area electron beam diodes SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab ID STABILITY AB Experiment, theory, and simulation have shown that large-area electron-beam diodes are susceptible to the transit-time instability. The instability modulates the electron beam spatially and temporally, producing a wide spread in electron energy and momentum distributions. The result is gross inefficiency in beam generation and propagation. Simulations indicate that a periodic, slotted cathode structure that is loaded with resistive elements may be used to eliminate the instability. Such a cathode has been fielded on one of the two opposing 60 cm x 200 cm diodes on the NIKE KrF laser at the Naval Research Laboratory. These diodes typically deliver 600 kV, 500 kA, 250 ns electron beams to the laser cell in an external magnetic field of 0.2 T. We conclude that the slotted cathode suppressed the transit-time instability such that the RF power was reduced by a factor of 9 and that electron transmission efficiency into the laser gas was improved by more than 50%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Myers, MC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400053 ER PT S AU Hegeler, F Myers, MC Friedman, M Sethian, JD Swanekamp, SB Rose, DV Welch, DR AF Hegeler, F Myers, MC Friedman, M Sethian, JD Swanekamp, SB Rose, DV Welch, DR BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Efficient electron beam deposition for repetitively pulsed krypton fluoride lasers SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB We have demonstrated that we can significantly increase the electron beam transmission efficiency through a pressure foil structure (hibachi) by segmenting the beam into strips to miss the hibachi support ribs. In order to increase the electron beam transmission, the cathode strips are adjusted to compensate for beam rotation and pinching. The beam propagation through the hibachi has been both measured and simulated with 1-D and 3-D codes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hegeler, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400083 ER PT S AU Swanekamp, SB Commisso, RJ Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Strasburg, SD Weber, BV Maron, Y Arad, R AF Swanekamp, SB Commisso, RJ Ottinger, PF Schumer, JW Strasburg, SD Weber, BV Maron, Y Arad, R BE Mehlhorn, TA Sweeney, MA TI Species separation and field-penetration in a multi-component plasma SO BEAMS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, US Def Threat Reduct Agcy, USAF Res Lab AB Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations confirm recent multi-component plasma-opening switch measurements in which magnetic field simultaneously penetrates the heaviest plasma components while pushing the lighter species. In these simulations a positive potential hill associated with the JXB force develops that, in the frame of the moving hill, reflects the lighter ions but is not large enough to reflect heavier ions. The simulations show that species separation can occur when the Hall speed is large compared to the characteristic speed for the heavier species but small compared to the characteristic speed of the lighter species. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swanekamp, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0107-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 650 BP 455 EP 458 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV86U UT WOS:000180265400106 ER PT J AU Gajsek, P Walters, TJ Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Nelson, DA Mason, PA AF Gajsek, P Walters, TJ Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Nelson, DA Mason, PA TI Empirical validation of SAR values predicted by FDTD modeling SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; electromagnetic fields (EMF); finite difference time domain (FDTD); microwaves; radio frequency radiation ID TIME-DOMAIN METHOD; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; ABSORPTION; FREQUENCY; TRANSCEIVERS; EXPOSURES; TISSUE; ENERGY; HEAD; RATS AB Rapid increase in the use of numerical techniques to predict current density or specific absorption rate (SAR) in sophisticated three dimensional anatomical computer models of man and animals has resulted in the need to understand how numerical solutions of the complex electrodynamics equations match with empirical measurements. This aspect is particularly important because different numerical codes and computer models are used in research settings as a guide in designing clinical devices, telecommunication systems, and safety standards. To ensure compliance with safety guidelines during equipment design, manufacturing and maintenance, realistic and accurate models could be used as a bridge between empirical data and actual exposure conditions. Before these tools are transitioned into the hands of health safety officers and system designers, their accuracy and limitations must be verified under a variety of exposure conditions using available analytical and empirical dosimetry techniques. In this paper, empirical validation of SAR values predicted by finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical code on sphere and rat is presented. The results of this study show a good agreement between empirical and theoretical methods and, thus, offer a relatively high confidence in SAR predictions obtained from digital anatomical models based on the FDTD numerical code. Bioelectromagnetics 23:37-48, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Veridian Engn, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Mason, PA (reprint author), USAF AFRL HEDR, Bldg 1162,8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM Patrick.Mason@brooks.af.mil NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1002/bem.96 PG 12 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 507XR UT WOS:000173057000005 PM 11793404 ER PT J AU Durrant, BS Reddy, ML Ridgway, SH AF Durrant, BS Reddy, ML Ridgway, SH TI Semen cryopreservation in the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Ctr Reprod Endangered Species, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 185 BP 172 EP 173 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900244 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Chrisey, DB Pique, A Young, HD Modi, R Bucaro, M Jones-Meehan, J Spargo, BJ AF Ringeisen, BR Chrisey, DB Pique, A Young, HD Modi, R Bucaro, M Jones-Meehan, J Spargo, BJ TI Generation of mesoscopic patterns of viable Escherichia coli by ambient laser transfer SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE direct write; laser processing; viable cell patterns; biomaterials; MAPLE DW ID CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; STEM-CELLS; PROTEIN; BIOSENSORS; MONOLAYERS; NETWORKS; TISSUE AB We have generated mesoscopic patterns of viable Escherichia coli on Si(1 1 1), glass, and nutrient agar plates by using a novel laser-based transfer process termed matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW). We observe no alterations to the E. coli induced by the laser-material interaction or the shear forces during the transfer. Transferred E. coli patterns were observed by optical and electron microscopes, and cell viability was shown through green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression and cell culturing experiments. The transfer mechanism for our approach appears remarkably gentle and suggests that active biomaterials such as proteins, DNA and antibodies could be serially deposited adjacent to viable cells. Furthermore, this technique is a direct write technology and therefore does not involve the use of masks, etching, or other lithographic tools. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Proc Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Proc Sect, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00091-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 496YF UT WOS:000172425400019 PM 11762834 ER PT J AU Rice, JK Masciangioli, TM AF Rice, JK Masciangioli, TM TI Photocycle dynamics of bacteriorhodopsin in an ethanol-perturbed lipid environment SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 180 BP 37A EP 37A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252700183 ER PT J AU Smith, VF Mahadevan, PM AF Smith, VF Mahadevan, PM TI Protein folding studies of recombinant human aconitase/IRP-1 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1591 BP 328A EP 328A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 511EY UT WOS:000173252701608 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C AF Deschamps, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL George, C TI X-ray studies on Ligands SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structural Biology and Structural Genomics/Proteomics CY MAY 08-10, 2002 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NIDA DE x-ray crystallographic studies; ligands; atomic resolution; opioids; pharmacophores ID DMT-TIC PHARMACOPHORE; OPIOID-PEPTIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HIGHLY POTENT; H-1-NMR DATA; RECEPTOR; CONFORMATION; ANTAGONISTS; MU; ENKEPHALIN AB Advances in x-ray crystallographic data collection, structure solution, and refinement/ validation have reduced the time required and expanded the range of samples amenable to x-ray crystallographic studies. Consequently, we can now collect complete atomic resolution data sets on physically smaller crystals and solve larger problems by direct methods beyond what could have been accomplished even five years ago. Applying these improved methods to the study of opioid ligands has enhanced our knowledge of the opioid pharmacophore. Despite considerable progress, it is still difficult to define the pharmacophoric parameters required for highly selective and potent opioid peptides. In part this is due to the conformational flexibility remaining even in conformationally constrained peptides. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1002/bip.10308 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 642LG UT WOS:000180805400002 PM 12539257 ER PT J AU Holt, DB Gauger, PR Kusterbeck, AW Ligler, FS AF Holt, DB Gauger, PR Kusterbeck, AW Ligler, FS TI Fabrication of a capillary immunosensor in polymethyl methacrylate SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE immunosensor; displacement assay; PMMA; RDX; sol-gel ID DISPLACEMENT FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; SIO2 THIN-FILMS; SOL-GEL METHOD; TNT; TRINITROTOLUENE; EXPLOSIVES; WATER; IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; BIOSENSOR AB A method for fabricating capillary-based immunosensors in a coupon milled from an inexpensive. commodity plastic (PMMA. plexiglass) is demonstrated. The key feature of the technique is the use of sol-gel technology to deposit a glass-like (Si-OH) film on surfaces of the plastic capillary channels to facilitate antibody immobilization. The utility of this method was demonstrated in the context of continuous flow displacement immunosensors for the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). These sensors exhibited sensitivity to low mug/l RDX concentrations and peak-to-peak signal variations that were generally less than 10% for multiple injections at a single RDX concentration. The useful lifetime of the coupons in these experiments was greater than 10 h even after multiple exposures to high (1000 mug/l) RDX levels. This sensor platform has the physical characteristics needed for a portable field instrument: small, light-weight, and rugged. 0 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Holt, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00280-9 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 511KN UT WOS:000173263200012 PM 11742740 ER PT J AU Leatzow, DM Dodson, JM Golden, JP Ligler, FS AF Leatzow, DM Dodson, JM Golden, JP Ligler, FS TI Attachment of plastic fluidic components to glass sensing surfaces SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE polydimethysiloxane; microfluidics; flow channels; biosensors AB Two types of flow manifolds have been developed in order to provide a reliable method for attaching plastic microfluidic systems to glass sensing surfaces. A permanently mounted flow manifold has grooves in the inter-channel barriers to confine the epoxy used for attachment. The reusable flow manifold has inter-channel barriers composed of both plexiglass for rigidity and polydimethysiloxane for leak-free attachment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00250-0 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 511KN UT WOS:000173263200013 PM 11742741 ER PT J AU Jernigan, RW Baran, RH AF Jernigan, RW Baran, RH TI Pervasive properties of the genomic signature SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCES; BACTERIAL; MODELS AB Background: The dinucleotide relative abundance profile can be regarded as a genomic signature because, despite diversity between species, it varies little between 50 kilobase or longer windows on a given genome. Both the causes and the functional significance of this phenomenon could be illuminated by determining if it persists on smaller scales. The profile is computed from the base step "odds ratios" that compare dinucleotide frequencies to those expected under the assumption of stochastic equilibrium (thorough shuffling). Analysis is carried out on 22 sequences, representing 19 species and comprised of about 53 million bases all together, to assess stability of the signature in windows ranging in size from 50 kilobases down to 125 bases. Results: Dinucleotide relative abundance distance from the global signature is computed locally for all non-overlapping windows on each sequence. These distances are log-normally distributed with nearly constant variance and with means that tend to zero slower than reciprocal square root of window size. The mean distance within genomes is larger for protist, plant, and human chromosomes, and smaller for archaea, bacteria, and yeast, for any window size. Conclusions: The imprint of the global signature is locally pervasive on all scales considered in the sequences (either genomes or chromosomes) that were scanned. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. American Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Baran, RH (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PY 2002 VL 3 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-3-23 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 654CW UT WOS:000181477100023 PM 12171605 ER PT B AU Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA AF Mikulski, PT Harrison, JA BE Dowson, D Priest, M Dalmaz, G Lubrecht, AA TI Molecular dynamics Simulations of the friction of n-alkane monolayers SO BOUNDARY AND MIXED LUBRICATION: SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS SE TRIBOLOGY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology CY SEP 04-07, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Tribol Soc, Osterreich Tribol Gesell ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; CH3-TERMINATED FILMS; GOLD; PRESSURE; SURFACE; HYDROCARBONS; AU(111); DIAMOND AB The molecular dynamics simulations presented here study the friction of a hydrogen-terminated diamond (111) counterface in sliding contact with a monolayer of n-alkane chains. The effect of sliding direction of the counterface across the monolayer is examined. Sliding along the direction of chain tilt gives lower friction than sliding against chain tilt; however, it is not clear that the difference is a consequence of sliding direction. Implications concerning the direction of future simulations are discussed. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mikulski, PT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50969-0 J9 TRIBOLOGY S PY 2002 VL 40 BP 227 EP 230 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV25T UT WOS:000178339600023 ER PT B AU Singer, IL Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Scharf, TW AF Singer, IL Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ Scharf, TW BE Dowson, D Priest, M Dalmaz, G Lubrecht, AA TI Third body processes and friction of solid lubricants studied by in situ optical and Raman tribometry SO BOUNDARY AND MIXED LUBRICATION: SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS SE TRIBOLOGY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology CY SEP 04-07, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Tribol Soc, Osterreich Tribol Gesell ID NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; SLIDING CONTACT; WEAR BEHAVIOR; BORON-CARBIDE; FILMS; MOS2; ENVIRONMENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPOSITE AB A tribometer incorporating in situ optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy has been used to study third body processes and friction during sliding against three low friction coatings: amorphous Pb-Mo-S; diamondlike nanocomposite (DLN); and annealed boron carbide. Reciprocating sliding tests were performed in both dry and humid air with transparent hemispheres (glass or sapphire) loaded against the coatings. Videos and Raman spectra of the sliding contact were recorded during the tests. In all three cases, the friction behavior could be explained in terms of the relative motion between a transfer film on the hemisphere and the wear track. With amorphous Pb-Mo-S, the transfer film was MOS(2); with DLN, it was a graphite-like carbon; and with annealed boron carbide, it was either a mix of H(3)BO(3) and carbon (at mu = 0.08) or, when the H(3)BO(3) wore away, carbon alone (at mu = 0.2). Friction rises with Pb-Mo-S and DLN in humid air were ascribed to a change in interfacial shear strength; friction spikes and fluctuations with DLN were associated with periodic loss of transfer film thickness. For all three coatings, interfacial sliding was the dominant velocity accommodation mode. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singer, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50969-0 J9 TRIBOLOGY S PY 2002 VL 40 BP 327 EP 336 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV25T UT WOS:000178339600034 ER PT S AU DeGiorgi, VG Wimmer, SA Hogan, E Lucas, KE AF DeGiorgi, VG Wimmer, SA Hogan, E Lucas, KE BE Breebia, CA Tadeu, A Popov, V TI Modeling the experimental environment for shipboard ICCP systems SO BOUNDARY ELEMENTS XXIV: INCORPORATING MESHLESS SOLUTIONS SE ADVANCES IN BOUNDARY ELEMENTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Boundary Element Methods CY JUN, 2002 CL SINTRA, PORTUGAL SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Coimbra ID DESIGN AB The use of boundary element methods to model electrochemical phenomenon such as the performance of shipboard impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems has become well established in the research community. Previous work has concentrated on determining the accuracy of computational models by detailed comparison with experimental results; primarily physical scale model (PSM) results. Experimental results have been used as truth-values in these comparisons. Any differences in results were attributed to limitations in the computational modeling process. However, computational models have been built to represent ships in open sea. Physical scale modeling experimental work is performed in finite volume tanks. As in any experimental process, there are issues with boundaries. In this paper a systematic study is made of the affects that tank size and material has on predicted results. Various testing tank geometries and material conditions are modeled. The facility at NRL Key West is modeled as well as other combinations of tank geometry and material. Some combinations were created to determine the effects of variations and do not represent actual tanks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeGiorgi, VG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1460-1419 BN 1-85312-914-3 J9 ADV BOUND ELEM SER PY 2002 VL 13 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BV23M UT WOS:000178284900040 ER PT J AU Stone, RS AF Stone, RS TI "With art everything is overcome": Images of English in Lope de Vega SO BULLETIN OF THE COMEDIANTES LA English DT Article AB At the close of the sixteenth century, Spain and England were bitter religious and political rivals. When Felipe II and Elizabeth I died in 1598 and 1603, respectively, diplomatic relations between the two powers took a turn for the better, but at the level of popular culture Spain remained permanently vilified in the eyes of most Englishmen. This phenomenon is one aspect of the leyenda negra, the English roots of which are found in events such as Henry VIII's break with Rome, the translation of Las Casas's Brevisima relacion, the reign of "Bloody Mary," and the failed invasion of the Spanish Armada. This article continues work on the comedia started by Donald Cruickshank, partly in an effort to redress an imbalance of studies on the image of Spaniards in England and the neglected image of the English in Spain. Although Spanish encounters with peoples of the New World have been closely examined, considerably less attention has been given to the question of European others in Spain. With this in mind, I look at Lope de Vega's English characters and settings in ten comedias written between 1598 and 1612, searching for evidence of a Spanish response to the Black Legend. Did Lope vilify in kind and, if not, why not? C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUBURN UNIV PI AUBURN PA DEPT FOREIGN LANGUAGES, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0007-5108 J9 B COMEDIANTES JI Bull. Comed. PY 2002 VL 54 IS 2 BP 249 EP 269 PG 21 WC Theater SC Theater GA 677LL UT WOS:000182809100001 ER PT J AU Keller, TM AF Keller, TM TI Oxidative protection of carbon fibers with poly(carborane-siloxane-acetylene) SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon fibers; carbon composites; oxidation; pyrolysis; thermal analysis ID DIACETYLENE COPOLYMERS; MONOMERS; SILICON; BORON AB Linear carborane-siloxane-acetylenic polymers have been synthesized as precursor materials for thermosets and ceramics for composite applications up to 500 and 1500degreesC, respectively, in an oxidizing environment. The novel linear polymers have the advantage of being extremely easy to process and convert into thermosets or ceramics since they are either liquids at room temperature or low melting solids and are soluble in most organic solvents. Carbon fibers coated with poly(carborane-siloxane-acetylene) forms a protective barrier against oxidation at elevated temperatures. The novel polymer when used as a matrix material (ceramic) was found to protect the carbon fibers from oxidative breakdown. Boron appears to be the key to the unique oxidative stability of the composite compositions. Oxidative studies were performed by thermogravimetric analyses. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Div Chem, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 225 EP 229 AR PII S0008-6223(01)00092-6 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00092-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 522MU UT WOS:000173901800001 ER PT S AU Ohara, Y McCarron, RM Golech, S Bembry, J Lenz, FA Spatz, M AF Ohara, Y McCarron, RM Golech, S Bembry, J Lenz, FA Spatz, M BE Nagatsu, T Nabeshima, T McCarty, R Goldstein, DS TI Comparative physiology and morphology of catecholamine systems Beta adrenergic receptor-mediated attenuation of TNF alpha-stimulated ICAM-1 expression on human brain microvascular endothelial cells SO CATECHOLAMINE RESEARCH: FROM MOLECULAR INSIGHTS TO CLINICAL MEDICINE SE ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Catecholamine Symposium CY MAR 31-APR 05, 2001 CL KYOTO, JAPAN ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ADHESION MOLECULE-1; INTERLEUKIN-1; INFLAMMATION C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ohara, Y (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Resuscitat Med Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0099-9962 BN 0-306-47403-4 J9 ADV BEHAV BIOL PY 2002 VL 53 BP 513 EP 516 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BV95A UT WOS:000180512100122 ER PT B AU Sofge, D De Jong, K Schultz, A AF Sofge, D De Jong, K Schultz, A GP IEEE IEEE TI A blended population approach to cooperative coevolution for decomposition of complex problems SO CEC'02: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI2002) CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Network Soc, IEE, Evolut Programming Soc AB Cooperative coevolutionary architectures provide a framework for solving complex problems by decomposing them into constituent subproblems, solving the subproblems, and then reintegrating the solutions. This paper presents a blended cooperative coevolution model which offers advantages over traditional evolutionary algorithms and currently used cooperative coevolutionary architectures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Sofge@aic.nrl.navy.mil; kdejong@cs.gmu.edu; Schultz@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7282-4 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2002 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BW11H UT WOS:000180919800071 ER PT J AU Seidelmann, PK Abalakin, VK Bursa, M Davies, ME De Bergh, C Lieske, JH Oberst, J Simon, JL Standish, EM Stooke, P Thomas, PC AF Seidelmann, PK Abalakin, VK Bursa, M Davies, ME De Bergh, C Lieske, JH Oberst, J Simon, JL Standish, EM Stooke, P Thomas, PC TI Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the planets and satellites: 2000 SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE cartographic coordinates; rotation axes; rotation periods; sizes; shapes ID CONTROL NETWORK; NORTH-POLE; SHAPE; OCCULTATION; MARS; DIRECTION; JUPITER; GASPRA; SATURN; 28-SGR AB Every three years the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the planets and satellites revises tables giving the directions of the north poles of rotation and the prime meridians of the planets, satellites, and asteroids. Also presented are revised tables giving their sizes and shapes. Changes since the previous report are summarized in the Appendix. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Seidelmann, PK (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 29 TC 171 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 83 EP 110 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 514BW UT WOS:000173417400004 ER PT S AU Mackie, RS Schilling, AS Lopez, A Rayms-Keller, A AF Mackie, RS Schilling, AS Lopez, A Rayms-Keller, A BE Jensen, JL Burggraf, LW TI Insect-gene-activity detection system for chemical and biological warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EARLY WARNING MONITORING FOR WATER, FOOD AND GROUND SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Early Warning Monitoring for Water, Food, and Ground CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE chemical; biological; weapons; toxic; insect; detection; gene; protein; military; industrial ID CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS DIPTERA; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PORE-WATER TOXICITY; HEAVY-METALS; METALLOTHIONEIN GENE; AQUATIC INSECTS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ARKANSAS RIVER; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS AB Detection of multiple chemical and biological weapons (CBW) agents and/or complex mixtures of toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) is imperative for both the commercial and military sectors. In a military scenario, a multi-CBW attack would create confusion, thereby delaying decontamination and therapeutic efforts. In the commercial sector, polluted sites invariably contain a mixture of TIC. Novel detection systems capable of detecting CBW and TIC are sorely needed. While it may be impossible to build a detector capable of discriminating all the possible combinations of CBW, a detection system capable of statistically predicting the most likely composition of a given mixture is within the reach of current emerging technologies. Aquatic insect-gene-activity may prove to be a sensitive, discriminating, and elegant paradigm for the detection of CBW and TIC. We propose to systematically establish the expression patterns of selected protein markers in insects exposed to specific mixtures of chemical and biological warfare agents to generate a library of "biosignatures" of exposure. The predicting capabilities of an operational library of biosignatures of exposures will allow the detection of emerging novel or genetically engineered agents, as well as complex mixtures of chemical and biological weapons agents. CBW and TIC are discussed in the context of war, terrorism, and pollution. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Rayms-Keller, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Syst Res & Technol Dept, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM RaymskellerAN@nswc.navy.mil NR 85 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4303-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4575 BP 91 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.456912 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA BU46S UT WOS:000176067200010 ER PT J AU Goldston, HM Scribner, AN Trammell, SA Tender, LM AF Goldston, HM Scribner, AN Trammell, SA Tender, LM TI A model recognition switch. Electrochemical control and transduction of imidazole binding by electrode-immobilized microperoxidase-11 SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IRON(III) PORPHYRIN MICROPEROXIDASE-8; REDOX-DEPENDENT RECEPTORS; GOLD ELECTRODE; AMINO-ACIDS; COORDINATION; HEMOPROTEINS; HEMES; MODULATION; REDUCTION; ALGORITHM AB Electrode-immobilized microperoxidase-11 exhibited a titratable potentiometric response to imidazole, demonstrating both molecular recognition and the capability for "switchable" changes in the affinity of an immobilized redox-receptor for a target ligand. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 5 BP 416 EP 417 DI 10.1039/b109983c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 528AD UT WOS:000174220200009 PM 12120519 ER PT J AU Jhaveri, SD Lowy, DA Foos, EE Snow, AW Ancona, MG Tender, LM AF Jhaveri, SD Lowy, DA Foos, EE Snow, AW Ancona, MG Tender, LM TI Ion-induced discrete charging of immobilized water-soluble gold nanoclusters SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; REDOX KINETICS; CAPACITANCE; MONOLAYERS; METAL; CLUSTERS; ENSEMBLE AB Hydrophilic gold nanoclusters were immobilized onto monolayer-modified gold electrodes and PF6--induced rectification and stepwise capacitance charging was studied in aqueous supporting electrolyte by cyclic voltammetry and ac voltammetry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 14 BP 1544 EP 1545 DI 10.1039/b201549h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 568LP UT WOS:000176543500053 PM 12189885 ER PT B AU Lean, J AF Lean, J BE Wefer, G Berger, WH Behre, KE Jansen, E TI Solar forcing of climate change in recent millennia SO CLIMATE DEVELOPMENT AND HISTORY OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC REALM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Hanse Conference on Past Climate and Its Significance for Human History in Northwestern Europe CY OCT 09-14, 1999 CL DELMENHORST, GERMANY ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; IRRADIANCE VARIATIONS; LAST MILLENNIUM; RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; RECORDS AB Solar radiation varies continuously; so too does Earth's global environment. Numerous empirical relations exist among assorted solar and climate parameters. Reliable specification of the true extent of Sun-climate connections requires continuous solar monitoring with sufficiently high stability to specify long-term solar irradiance variability and to characterize spectral irradiance variability at all wavelengths. A suite of cavity-type electrical substitution radiometers on various spacecraft have tracked day-to-day and solar cycle fluctuations in the Sun's total irradiance during the past two decades. Space-based spectroradiometers have also measured concomitant changes in the shorter wavelength ultraviolet spectrum. Primary irradiance variability mechanisms - dark sunspots and bright faculae - have been identified, and models developed that replicate much of the observed variance in the extant irradiance databases. When extended to centennial time scales, the models predict irradiance variability in the range 0.2 to 0.5%. General circulation model simulations are beginning to explore the physical pathways through which the climate system responds to changes in total solar irradiance. These models suggest that surface warming of order 0.5degreesC may be associated with increasing solar activity since the 17(th) Century Maunder minimum. Improved knowledge of Sun-climate connections requires future simulations that include an adequate representation of the spectral nature of the Sun's radiative output changes, and of the indirect pathways that solar UV irradiance variability may influence climate via its control of ozone concentrations and the stratosphere. Since the increase in solar activity from anomalously low Maunder Minimum levels to presently high Modem Maximum levels is the most recent of similar episodes apparent throughout the Holocene, improved understanding of both solar forcing and climate response in the past 400 years, will likely contribute new understanding of climate change in past millennia. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gerold, Wefer/S-2291-2016 OI Gerold, Wefer/0000-0002-6803-2020 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43201-9 PY 2002 BP 75 EP 88 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU89K UT WOS:000177315300006 ER PT J AU Davey, MK Huddleston, M Sperber, KR Braconnot, P Bryan, F Chen, D Colman, RA Cooper, C Cubasch, U Delecluse, P DeWitt, D Fairhead, L Flato, G Gordon, C Hogan, T Ji, M Kimoto, M Kitoh, A Knutson, TR Latif, M Le Treut, H Li, T Manabe, S Mechoso, CR Meehl, GA Power, SB Roeckner, E Terray, L Vintzileos, A Voss, R Wang, B Washington, WM Yoshikawa, I Yu, JY Yukimoto, S Zebiak, SE AF Davey, MK Huddleston, M Sperber, KR Braconnot, P Bryan, F Chen, D Colman, RA Cooper, C Cubasch, U Delecluse, P DeWitt, D Fairhead, L Flato, G Gordon, C Hogan, T Ji, M Kimoto, M Kitoh, A Knutson, TR Latif, M Le Treut, H Li, T Manabe, S Mechoso, CR Meehl, GA Power, SB Roeckner, E Terray, L Vintzileos, A Voss, R Wang, B Washington, WM Yoshikawa, I Yu, JY Yukimoto, S Zebiak, SE TI STOIC: a study of coupled model climatology and variability in tropical ocean regions SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ENSO SIGNAL; GCM; ATLANTIC AB We describe the behaviour of 23 dynamical ocean-atmosphere models, in the context of comparison with observations in a common framework. Fields of tropical sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind stress and upper ocean vertically averaged temperature (VAT) are assessed with regard to annual mean, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability characteristics. Of the participating models, 21 are coupled GCMs. of which 13 use no form of flux adjustment in the tropics. The models vary widely in design, components and purpose: nevertheless several common features are apparent. In most models without flux adjustment, the annual mean equatorial SST in the central Pacific is too cool and the Atlantic zonal SST gradient has the wrong sign. Annual mean wind stress is often too weak in the central Pacific and in the Atlantic, but too strong in the west Pacific. Few models have an upper ocean VAT seasonal cycle like that observed in the equatorial Pacific. Interannual variability is commonly too weak in the models: in particular, wind stress variability is low in the equatorial Pacific. Most models have difficulty in reproducing the observed Pacific 'horseshoe' pattern of negative SST correlations with interannual Nino3 SST anomalies, or the observed Indian-Pacific lag correlations. The results for the fields examined indicate that several substantial model improvements are needed, particularly with regard to surface wind stress. C1 Meteorol Off, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany. LODYC, ISPL, Paris, France. Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Ctr Clim Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Earth Frontier Res Syst, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Davey, MK (reprint author), Meteorol Off, London Rd, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. RI Yu, Jin-Yi/G-3413-2011; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; Flato, Gregory/K-6711-2015; Latif, Mojib/C-2428-2016; Chen, Dake/E-7082-2011; Bryan, Frank/I-1309-2016; Terray, Laurent/B-8056-2008 OI Yu, Jin-Yi/0000-0001-6156-7623; Latif, Mojib/0000-0003-1079-5604; Bryan, Frank/0000-0003-1672-8330; Terray, Laurent/0000-0001-5512-7074 NR 47 TC 221 Z9 228 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 403 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s00382-001-0188-6 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 528GN UT WOS:000174236200004 ER PT J AU Becker, BN Jacobson, LM Hullett, DA Radke, NA Oberley, TD Brazy, PC Kirk, AD AF Becker, BN Jacobson, LM Hullett, DA Radke, NA Oberley, TD Brazy, PC Kirk, AD TI Type 2 angiotensin II receptor expression in human renal allografts: an association with chronic allograft nephropathy SO CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE angiotension II; type 2 angiotensin II receptor; renal transplantation; chronic allograft nephropathy ID GENE-TRANSFER; HUMAN KIDNEY; CELL-DEATH; RENIN; SUBTYPES; FIBROSIS; TRANSCRIPTION; HYPERTENSION; CYCLOSPORINE; ANTAGONIZES AB Aims: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in renal fibrosis through activation of the type 1 angio, tensin II (Ang II) receptor (AT(1)R). Whether the other predominant Ang II receptor, the type 2 Ang II receptor (AT(2)R), has a fibrotic or sparing role in adult human renal tissue is unknown. Materials and methods: We used the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess intragraft AT(2)R mRNA expression in biopsy samples from 23 renal transplant recipients. Potential correlations between intragraft AT(2)R mRNA, matrix-modulating genes and histologic evidence of chronic rejection were assessed. Results: AT(2)R mRNA was confirmed by sequence analysis of the RT-PCR product. AT(2)R mRNA expression directly correlated with angiotensinogen (Spearman correlation coefficient (r(s)) 0.72; p = 0.0011) mRNA expression, and interestingly, AT(2)R mRNA inversely correlated with inflammatory gene expression in the biopsy samples. However, AT(2)R mRNA directly correlated with transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta) (r(s) 0.59; p = 0.044), matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP- 1) (r(s) 0.83; p = 0.001), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) (r(s) 0.74; p = 0.001) and TIMP-3 (r(s) 0.80; p = 0.001) mRNA expression. Moreover, AT(2)R mRNA and protein expression was significantly greater in the patients with biopsy-proven chronic allograft nephropathy (n = 9; p = 0.045 vs. no chronic allograft nephropathy and donor biopsy samples for mRNA analyses). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that AT(2)R mRNA is expressed in adult human renal tissue in the setting of renal transplantation. Its apparent association with matrix-modulating genes raises the hypothesis that AT(2)R mRNA expression may be linked with extracellular matrix regulation in the setting of chronic allograft nephropathy. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Vet Affairs Hosp, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Vet Affairs Hosp, Dept Surg, Div Transplantat, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Vet Affairs Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Madison, WI USA. USN, NIDDK, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Becker, BN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, B 3063 Nephrol,2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI-49285-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [KO8 DK-02420-05] NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI OBERHACHING PA BAJUWARENRING 4, D-82041 OBERHACHING, GERMANY SN 0301-0430 J9 CLIN NEPHROL JI Clin. Nephrol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 514HG UT WOS:000173432700003 PM 11837798 ER PT J AU Ball, R Schwartz, SL AF Ball, R Schwartz, SL TI Kinetic and dynamic models of diving gases in decompression sickness prevention SO CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS LA English DT Review ID BUBBLE EVOLUTION; INERT-GAS; BREATHING GAS; OXYGEN; BLOOD; RISK; AIR; LIKELIHOOD; ILLNESS; HUMANS AB Decompression sickness is a complex phenomenon involving gas exchange, bubble dynamics and tissue response. Relatively simple deterministic compartmental models using empirically derived parameters have been the mainstay of the practice for preventing decompression sickness since the early 1900s. Decades of research have improved our understanding of decompression physiology, and the insights incorporated in decompression models have allowed people to dive deeper into the ocean. However, these efforts have not yet, and are unlikely in the near future, to result in a 'universal' deterministic model that can predict when decompression sickness will occur. Divers using current recreational dive computers need to be aware of their limitations. Probabilistic models based on the estimation of parameters using modern statistical methods from large databases of dives offer a new approach and can provide a means of standardisation of deterministic models. Future improvements in decompression practice will depend on continued improvement in understanding the kinetics and dynamics of gas exchange, bubble evolution and tissue response, and the incorporation of this knowledge in risk models whose parameters can be estimated from large databases of human and animal data. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Decompress Program, Diving & Environm Physiol Dept, Bethesda, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Int Ctr Toxicol & Med, Rockville, MD USA. RP Ball, R (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, HFM-220, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0312-5963 J9 CLIN PHARMACOKINET JI Clin. Pharmacokinet. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6 BP 389 EP 402 DI 10.2165/00003088-200241060-00001 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 573PG UT WOS:000176839600001 PM 12074688 ER PT J AU Altmann, EM Trafton, JG AF Altmann, EM Trafton, JG TI Memory for goals: an activation-based model SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference of the Cognitive-Science-Society CY AUG 19-21, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Cognit Sci Soc DE memory; problem-solving; cognitive simulation; goals; towers of Hanoi; prospective memory ID WORKING-MEMORY; INHIBITION; INTENTIONS; ATTENTION; RETRIEVAL; EVENTS; DESIGN AB Goal-directed cognition is often discussed in terms of specialized memory structures like the "goal stack." The goal-activation model presented here analyzes goal-directed cognition in terms of the general memory constructs of activation and associative priming. The model embodies three predictive constraints: (1) the interference level, which arises from residual memory for old goals; (1) the strengthening constraint, which makes predictions about time to encode a new goal: and (3) the priming constraint, which makes predictions about the role of cues in retrieving pending goals. These constraints are formulated algebraically and tested through simulation of latency and error data from the Tower of Hanoi, a means-ends puzzle that depends heavily on suspension and resumption of goals. Implications of the model for understanding intention superiority, postcompletion error. and effects of task interruption are discussed. (C) 2002 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Altmann, EM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI X, Simon/F-4678-2011 NR 73 TC 212 Z9 216 U1 6 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0364-0213 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 39 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0364-0213(01)00058-1 PG 45 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 519ML UT WOS:000173730000002 ER PT B AU Chan, ML Reed, R Turner, A Atwood, A Curran, P AF Chan, ML Reed, R Turner, A Atwood, A Curran, P BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI Properties of ADN propellants SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland DE minimum-signature propellants; mechanical properties; burning rate; environment; energetics AB Investigators at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD), China Lake, Calif., have made two series of minimum-signature propellants formulated with either ammonium dinitramide (ADN) or a combination of ADN and hexanitrohexazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). Poly(diethyleneglycol-4,8-dinitraza undeconate) (ORP-2A)/nitrate ester (NE) and polycaprolactone polymer (PCP)/NE were used as the binders. These binders have shown to be excellent for propellant applications. Four propellants are currently under study-PCP/NE/ADN, PCP/NF/ADN/ CL-20, ORP-2A/NE/ADN, and ORP-2A/NE/ADN/CL-20. These propellants processed and cured well and, therefore, produced void-free samples. Propellant samples were prepared for burning rate evaluation in a window bomb apparatus. The results showed that CL-20/ADN propellants can sustain good burning rates at pressures up to 8000 psia. ADN/CL-20 propellants exhibited a burn rate around 1.7 to 2.1 cm/s at 6.89 MPa. In addition, propellants made with ADN as the sole oxidizer exhibited similar burning rates. Finally, the investigators compared the burning rates of propellant made with ADN prills versus those of propellant made with neat ADN solid. Energetic compositions containing ADN and exploded aluminum (ALEX), as well as the conventional H-5 spherical atomized powder, have been prepared with a polyalkylene oxide (PAO) polyether and a nitrate ester plasticizer. Compositions having fine recrystallized ADN (partially soluble in the melted PAO), ALEX, and H-5 aluminum were processible and gave well-cured composites. Microcinematography of burning samples revealed some agglomeration with a mixture of ALEX and H-5. The samples burning rates were determined using the window bomb technique; in addition, other safety and thermal properties were also measured. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chan, ML (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 492 EP 501 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300045 ER PT B AU Atwood, AI Bui, DT Curran, PO Price, CF AF Atwood, AI Bui, DT Curran, PO Price, CF BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI Combustion studies of nitramine containing energetic materials SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland AB The effect of initial temperature and pressure on the combustion of the nitramine containing explosives PBXN-5 and Composition A-4 has been examined. A measurable sensitivity to burning was determined for the HMX containing PBXN-5 but could not be determined for the RDX containing Composition A-4 due to the high level of sample variability. Burning rates for both explosives are compared to their neat monopropellant counterparts. Closed bomb determination of high pressure burning rates for the two explosive powders was complicated by the lack of sample homogeneity as well as apparent grain deconsolidation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Atwood, AI (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI DeLuca, Luigi/C-6532-2008 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 533 EP 545 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300049 ER PT B AU Oran, ES Khokhlov, AM AF Oran, ES Khokhlov, AM BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI First-principles simulation of gas-phase DDT and the effects of hot-spot formation SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland DE detonations; deflagrations; Richtmyer-Meshkov instability; deflagration-to-detonation transition; boundary layers; shock-flame interactions ID TO-DETONATION TRANSITION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DEFLAGRATION; FLAME; SHOCK; INITIATION; DYNAMICS AB A series of multidimensional numerical simulations were used to investigate how a turbulent deflagration may undergo a transition into a detonation, the process of deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). The reactive Navier-Stokes equations were solved on an adaptive mesh that resolved selected features of the flow including the structure of the laminar flame. The chemical and thermophysical models used reproduced the flame and detonation properties of acetylene in air over a range of temperatures and pressures. The interactions of an incident shock with the initially laminar flame lead to the formation of secondary shocks, rarefactions, contact surfaces, and boundary layers that continued to distort the flame surface, eventually creating a turbulent flame-brush. Pressure fluctuations were shown to be the seeds for hot spots in unreacted material. These hot spots undergo transitions to detonations when the gradients in induction time in the hot spot allowed the formation of supersonic spontaneous waves. This paper begins the process of examining the special effects of boundary layers generated by flames, shocks, and their interactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oran, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 622 EP 632 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300056 ER PT B AU Finlinson, JC Blomshield, FS AF Finlinson, JC Blomshield, FS BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI HMX T-burner pressure coupled response at 200, 500, and 1000 PSI SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland ID COMBUSTION AB This paper contains pressure coupled combustion response T-burner measurements on pressed pellets of HMX. Pellets of pure oxidizer were pressed with a donut die to allow a 0.45 inch center hole required for pressure pulsing. The pellets were burned in T-burner pipes of length 10, 15, 22, 36, and 50 inches at pressures of 200, 500 and 1000 psi. HMX oscillated spontaneously in the T-burner at 200 and 500 psi, but required pulsing at 1000 psi. At the lowest pressure of 200 psi, HMX oscillated spontaneously with growth rates of 2.4 to 11.8 s(-1). At 500 psi, growth rates ranged from -5 to 31 s(-1) and at 1000 psi the growth rates ranged from -12 to +4 sec(-1). This data is of special interest to instability modelers, especially those doing transient monopropellant modeling, as there has not been any pure ingredient pressure coupled response data. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Finlinson, JC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Res & Technol Grp, Code 4T4320D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 854 EP 866 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300077 ER PT B AU Blomshield, FS Coats, DE Dunn, SS French, JC AF Blomshield, FS Coats, DE Dunn, SS French, JC BE Kuo, KK DeLuca, LT TI T-burner response analysis using the SPP/SSP code SO COMBUSTION OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Special Topics in Chemistry Propulsion (5-ISICP) CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL STRESA, ITALY SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Europe, USA Res Dev & Standardizat Grp, Re Acad China, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Taiwan, Penn State Univ, Politecn Milano, Univ Maryland AB This paper presents the results of a study to compare the stability results of the SPP/SSP code to actual T-Burner experimental data. The SPP/SSP code is the standard solid rocket motor performance program coupled to the Standard Stability Program. Four unique propellants were compared. Two were reduced smoke and two were metallized propellants. Pressure coupled response data was already available for these propellants. This experimental data was evaluated by the T-burner. For the metallized propellants, aluminum oxide particle analysis was also previously performed on the combustion products, The stability analysis was performed using the three- dimensional grain design and ballistic modules and the one dimensional stability module. Types of driving and damping mechanisms included in the analysis included pressure coupling, wall damping and for the metallized propellants, particle damping. The total predicted stability was then compared against the decay and/or growth measured in the T-Bumer during a test. The results were surprising in that both the magnitude and trends in the analysis were verified by the data. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Propuls Res Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Blomshield, FS (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Propuls Res Branch, Code 4T4320D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-198-X PY 2002 BP 918 EP 926 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BU91W UT WOS:000177398300082 ER PT S AU Lynch, RS Willett, PK AF Lynch, RS Willett, PK BE Willett, PK Kirubarajan, T TI Classification performance results of various medical diagnostic data sets SO COMPONENT AND SYSTEMS DIAGNOSTICS, PROGNOSTICS, AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Component and Systems Diagnostics, Prognostics, and Health Management CY APR 03-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE noninformative prior; discrete features; dimensionality reduction; UCI repository ID FEATURE-SELECTION; NEURAL NETWORKS AB In this paper, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is applied to a collection of medical diagnostic data sets found at the University of California at Irvine's Repository of Machine Learning databases. The algorithm works by finding the best performing quantization complexity of the feature vectors, and this makes it necessary to discretize all continuous valued features. Therefore, results are given by showing the quantization of the continuous valued features that yields best performance. Further, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is also compared to a conventional linear classifier, which does not discretize any feature values. In general, the Bayesian Data reduction Algorithm is shown to outperform the linear classifier by obtaining a lower probability of error, as averaged over all data sets. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Signal Proc Branch, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02840 USA. EM lynchrs@npt.nuwc.navy.mil; willett@engr.uconn.edu OI Willett, Peter/0000-0001-8443-5586 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4483-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4733 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV20P UT WOS:000178157300008 ER PT S AU Joyce, PJ Violette, MG Moon, TJ AF Joyce, PJ Violette, MG Moon, TJ BE Zureick, A Nettles, AT TI Finite element analysis of unidirectional composite compression test specimens: A parametric study SO COMPOSITE MATERIALS: TESTING, DESIGN, AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Composite Materials CY MAR 26-27, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int Comm D30 DE composite materials; compression testing; combined loading; specimen optimization; stress analysis ID FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTICS; LOADING METHOD; STRENGTH AB This research undertakes a comprehensive parametric study of the ASTM D 6641 Combined Loading Compression (CLC) test fixture from Wyoming Test Fixtures (WTF) using numerical analysis to evaluate various test parameters associated with compression testing of unidirectional test specimens. A two-dimensional finite element analysis of the D 6641 CLC fixture was used to identify loading conditions and tabbing configurations that minimized the peak axial, shear, and through-thickness stress concentrations in the test specimen, Combined shear and end loading appears to offer a good compromise between reducing the tab tip stress concentrations inherent in shear loading, and avoiding premature failure by end brooming associated with end loading. Thin, tapered tabs made of compliant materials were found to have the smallest stress concentrations at the tab tip. Specimens with these tab configurations should yield higher measured compressive strengths since premature failure at the tab tip is less likely to occur. Partial debonding of the tab tip was found to increase the stress concentration compared to the fully-bonded case, but to move its location away from the gage section of the specimen. Tab tip debonding should be avoided for compressive strength testing. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, PJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Joyce, Peter/0000-0001-6774-2170 NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2893-2 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1416 BP 30 EP 68 DI 10.1520/STP10630S PG 39 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BV05S UT WOS:000177718300003 ER PT J AU Roberts, JC Boyle, MP Wienhold, PD White, GJ AF Roberts, JC Boyle, MP Wienhold, PD White, GJ TI Buckling, collapse and failure analysis of FRP sandwich panels SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Composite Engineering (ICCE-7) CY JUL 02-08, 2000 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE corrosion; laminates; buckling; fatigue; vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding AB Rectangular orthotropic fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) sandwich panels were tested for buckling in uni-axial compression. The panels, with 0.32 cm (0.125 in.) face sheets and a 1.27 cm (0.5 in.) core of either balsa or linear poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) foam, were tested in two sizes: 154 x 77 cm(2) (72 x 36 in.(2)) and 102 x 77 cm(2) (48 x 36 cm.(2)). The sandwich panels were fabricated using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. The two short edges of the sandwich panels were clamped, while the two long edges were simply supported for testing. The clamped panel ends were potted into a steel frame. The experimental elastic buckling loads were then measured using strain gauges fixed to both sides of the panels. A total of 12 panels were tested under uni-axial compression, Bifurcation in the load versus engineering strain curve was noted in all cases. For all six sandwich panels tested using balsa core, the type of failure was easily identified as face sheet delamination followed by core shear failure. For all six PVC foam core sandwich panels tested, the type of failure consisted of core shear failure with little or no face sheet delamination. In the failed balsa core panels there was little or no evidence of balsa remaining on the FRP face sheet, however, in the PVC foam core panels there were ample amounts of foam left on the FRP face sheet. It was concluded that although the buckling loads for the foam core panels were not as high as those for the balsa core panels, PVC foam core bonding to the FRP face sheets was superior to balsa core bonding. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Roberts, JC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Mech Engn, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Roberts, Jack/A-6660-2009 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 315 EP 324 AR PII S1359-8368(02)00017-3 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(02)00017-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 566JP UT WOS:000176424400006 ER PT J AU Shirron, JJ Dey, S AF Shirron, JJ Dey, S TI Acoustic infinite elements for non-separable geometries SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID EXTERIOR HELMHOLTZ PROBLEMS; WAVE-ENVELOPE ELEMENTS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SCATTERING PROBLEMS; FINITE; RADIATION; PROLATE AB We present new infinite element formulations for solving acoustic scattering and radiation problems in the exterior of long, slender bodies. The new infinite elements are geometrically constructed from a prolate spheroid inscribed by the scatterer. These elements need not begin on a level surface of the prolate spheroidal coordinate system. Instead, they may be attached to any convex surface, including that of the scatterer itself. This scheme reduces, or even completely eliminates, finite element modeling of the exterior medium. The formulations may easily be extended to the cases of an interior oblate spheroid or ellipsoid. We present both conjugated and unconjugated formulations without any weighting factors, although it would be simple to include them. We describe a fast numerical scheme for computing the element integrals based on Chebychev approximation. We include numerical results for scattering from spheres and capped cylinders. These results demonstrate the accuracy and the dramatic reduction in computational expense of our new formulations compared to other coupled finite element/infinite element methods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, SFA Inc, Res Lab, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Dey, S (reprint author), USN, SFA Inc, Res Lab, 9315 Largo Dr W,Suite 200, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2002 VL 191 IS 37-38 BP 4123 EP 4139 AR PII S0045-7825(02)00355-9 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(02)00355-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 588LY UT WOS:000177704000006 ER PT J AU Fudge, M Coleman, RE Parker, SB AF Fudge, M Coleman, RE Parker, SB TI A minimally invasive percutaneous technique for jugular vein catheterization in pigs SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NONSURGICAL CATHETERIZATION; SWINE; STRESS AB The objective of this study was to develop a simple, safe, reproducible, and efficient technique that used readily available commercial materials for percutaneous catheterization of an external jugular vein in the pig. Guidewire-assisted vascular cannulation was introduced in the early 1950s and is often called the Seldinger technique, after its inventor. With few modifications, this technique has become widely used for all types of vascular cannulation in human and veterinary patients. The technique has the advantage of minimizing damage to soft tissues and blood vessels. We adapted this procedure by using five anatomical landmarks to target and catheterize the external jugular vein in pigs. Percutaneous catheterization of the external jugular vein can be accomplished easily in most pigs by using this technique. Novice technicians were able to quickly and easily learn the procedure. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Surg, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Dept Environm Physiol, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fudge, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Surg, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 519FY UT WOS:000173715700011 PM 11860257 ER PT J AU Donato, TF Marmorino, GO AF Donato, TF Marmorino, GO TI The surface morphology of a coastal gravity current SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE estuarine plumes; coastal current; bore; synthetic aperture radar; remote sensing ID ROTATING FLUID; APERTURE RADAR; CHESAPEAKE BAY; AIRBORNE; IMAGERY AB The surface morphology of a coastal gravity current extending over 70 km from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay (USA) is captured in a striking synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, allowing comparisons to be made with recent field observations and with laboratory studies of rotating gravity currents. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Donato, TF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00066-8 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 521CJ UT WOS:000173821000008 ER PT B AU Hegner, HJ Desai, BB Lively, KA AF Hegner, HJ Desai, BB Lively, KA BE Katebi, R TI How much autonomy? IPS control system - A case study SO CONTROL APPLICATIONS IN MARINE SYSTEMS 2001 (CAMS 2001) SE IFAC PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFAC Conference on Control Applications in Marine Systems CY JUL 18-20, 2001 CL UNIV STRATHCLYDE, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP Int Federat Automat Control, IFAC, Tech Comm Transportat Syst, IFAC,Tech Comm Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles, Adv Control Technol Club HO UNIV STRATHCLYDE DE automation; autonomous control; control system design; intelligent control; power system control; ship control AB The Integrated Power System (IPS) Program of the U. S. Navy has been conducting technology demonstrations of electric drive and do zonal ship service power equipment. Integrated power system provides electric power to all electric loads; propulsion and ship service. Six fundamental functions were identified from the examination of the required functions of such an electric power system. These six functions comprise the basis of the IPS modules: power generation, power distribution, power conversion, energy storage, power loads (of which propulsion motor modules are a subset), and power management. Power management module is the core of the IPS control system and is entirely embedded in software. Of the many benefits sought by the IPS, reduced manning is a major one. In addition, all concepts of the IPS control system will have to accommodate the trend toward all electric re-configurable ship. This paper outlines the philosophy to fully integrate the IPS control system hardware and the power management software into the ship wide control network. The topic of the paper addresses how autonomy is investigated to achieve the top-level goals of reduced manning, all electric re-configurable ship and the fundamental performance of the IPS. The paper ends with some provocative issues along with the most current approach for power management under consideration. Copyright (C) 2001 IFAC. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Hegner, HJ (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043236-0 J9 IFAC P SER PY 2002 BP 467 EP 471 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Marine SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BW06V UT WOS:000180780200074 ER PT B AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E BE Frankel, GS Isaacs, HS Scully, JR Sinclair, JD TI Passivity of binary alloys-a look at some mechanisms SO CORROSION SCIENCE: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN HONOR OF ROBERT P FRANKENTHAL SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion Science - A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P Frankenthal CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div ID FE-CR ALLOYS; GRAPH-THEORY; FILMS; HCL; MO AB This paper briefly examines some models which have been used to explain the existence of critical alloy compositions for passivity in certain binary alloys and considers a recent approach using mathematical graph theory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-335-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 13 BP 152 EP 164 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW02F UT WOS:000180661700014 ER PT B AU Shifler, DA AF Shifler, DA BE Frankel, GS Isaacs, HS Scully, JR Sinclair, JD TI Retropective and developing concepts of passivity and passivity breakdown of metallic materials in organic solutions SO CORROSION SCIENCE: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN HONOR OF ROBERT P FRANKENTHAL SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion Science - A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P Frankenthal CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div ID ANHYDROUS PROPYLENE CARBONATE; STAINLESS-STEEL; DIMETHOXYETHANE SOLUTIONS; PITTING CORROSION; WORK FUNCTION; WATER; IRON; MIXTURES; PLATINUM; BEHAVIOR AB Various studies have offered to explain the passivity of metals in organic solvents and the effect of water on passivation processes. This has often assumed that organic solvents are inert to metals and alloys. Some explanations have related passivity to solvent adsorption characteristics. Others have suggested that corrosion of metals in organic solvents depended primarily on solution conductivity and acidity. The specific type, structure, and reactions possible for an organic functional group influence the reactivity of metals and alloys in organic solvents. Organic solvents transport the reactants and products involved in passivity or corrosion processes at the metal surface. The genus of solvents in use and their solvation properties will determine the solubility of these reactants or products. Many different physical and chemical interactive forces occur during solvation. These interactive forces play a significant role in determining the mechanistic paths that, in turn, can affect the passivity of different alloys in a given organic solvent or in mixtures of two or more organic solvents with or without water. In addition, the character of the passive oxide films oil metals and alloys will influence the possible mechanistic paths and the potential regions where passivity is effective for these materials. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shifler, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 613, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-335-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 13 BP 218 EP 230 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW02F UT WOS:000180661700020 ER PT J AU Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W AF Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W TI Characteristic human immunological phenotypes IV. Quantitative expression of CD45 on lymphocytes varies among normal individuals SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sierra CutometryUNR Cytometry Ctr, Reno, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400194 ER PT J AU Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W AF Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W TI Characteristic human immunological phenotypes VI. The properties of perforin (Pf) positive natural killer (NK) and T cells are variable but characteristic of individuals SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sierra Cytometry UNR Cytometry Ctr, Reno, NV USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400196 ER PT J AU Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W AF Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W TI Characteristic human immunological phenotypes V. The absolute and relative numbers of immune cell lineages and their properties are characteristic of individuals SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sierra Cytometry UNR Cytometry Ctr, Reno, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400195 ER PT J AU Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W AF Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W TI People have characteristic immunological phenotypes I. Immunologic properties vary widely among healthy young men but are stable features of each individual SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sierra Cytometry UNR Cytometry Ctr, Reno, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 87 EP 87 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400205 ER PT J AU Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, D Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W AF Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, D Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W TI Characteristic human immunological phenotypes II. Homeostasis of CD14, CD11b and HLA-DR expression on monocytes SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sierra Cytometry UNR Cytometry Ctr, Reno, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400206 ER PT J AU Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W AF Redelman, D Hudig, D Maehara, K Berner, MD Castell, LM Roberts, D Ensign, W TI Characteristic human immunological phenotypes III. Interpersonal variation in the distinctive individual expression of CD2 exceeds the variation of CD2 expression on naive and memory T cells within individuals SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sierra Cytometry UNR Cytometry Ctr, Reno, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400207 ER PT S AU Smith, JF Rhyne, RD Fisher, K AF Smith, JF Rhyne, RD Fisher, K BE Dasarathy, BV TI Data mining for multi-agent rules, strategies and fuzzy decision tree structure SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: THEORY, TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - Theory, Tools, and Technology IV CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE data mining; knowledge discovery; fuzzy logic; genetic algorithms; genetic programs; resource manager; expert systems ID MULTISENSOR ASSOCIATION ALGORITHM AB A fuzzy logic based resource manager (RM) has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack resources in real-time over many dissimilar platforms. Two different data mining algorithms have been developed to determine rules, strategies, and fuzzy decision tree structure. The first data mining algorithm uses a genetic algorithm as a data mining function and is called from an electronic game. The game allows a human expert to play against the resource manager in a simulated battlespace with each of the defending platforms being exclusively directed by the fuzzy resource manager and the attacking platforms being controlled by the human expert or operating autonomously under their own logic. This approach automates the data mining problem. The game automatically creates a database reflecting the domain expert's knowledge. It calls a data mining function, a genetic algorithm, for data mining of the database as required and allows easy evaluation of the information mined in the second step. The criterion for reoptimization is discussed as well as experimental results. Then a second data mining algorithm that uses a genetic program as a data mining function is introduced to automatically discover fuzzy decision tree structures. Finally, a fuzzy decision tree generated through this process is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4480-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4730 BP 386 EP 397 DI 10.1117/12.460248 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU57V UT WOS:000176405500044 ER PT S AU Moskowitz, IS Kang, MH Chang, LW Longdon, GE AF Moskowitz, IS Kang, MH Chang, LW Longdon, GE BE Olivier, MS Spooner, DL TI Randomly roving agents for intrusion detection SO DATABASE AND APPLICATION SECURITY XV SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Working Conference on Database and Application Security CY JUL 15-18, 2001 CL NIAGARA ON THE LAKE, CANADA SP Int Federat Informat Proc TC 11, WG 11 3 AB Agent based intrusion detection systems (IDS) have advantages such as scalability, reconfigurability, and survivability. In this paper, we introduce a mobile-agent based IDS, called ABIDE (Agent Based Intrusion Detection Environment). ABIDE is comprised of various types of agents, all of which are mobile, lightweight, and specialized. The most common form of agent is the DMA (Data Mining Agent), which randomly moves around the network and collects information. The DMA then relays the information it has gathered to a DFA (Data Fusion Agent) which assesses the likelihood of intrusion. As we show in this paper, there is a quantifiable relationship between the number of DMA and the probability of detecting an intrusion. We study this relationship and its implications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance, Div Informat Technol, Mail Code 5540, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7041-1 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2002 VL 87 BP 135 EP 149 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV05F UT WOS:000177688400010 ER PT J AU Sofianos, SS Johns, WE Murray, SP AF Sofianos, SS Johns, WE Murray, SP TI Heat and freshwater budgets in the Red Sea from direct observations at Bab el Mandeb SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; EXCHANGE; STRAIT; CYCLES; SUMMER; FLOW AB Direct oceanographic observations at the strait of Bab el Mandeb, which connects the Red Sea with the Indian Ocean, are used to estimate the heat and freshwater budgets of the Red Sea. The observations consist of 18-month records from transport resolving current-meter arrays and temperature-salinity chain moorings that allow accurate heat and salt fluxes through the strait to be determined. The new measurements account for the seasonally reversing surface-layer flow in the strait and the summertime intrusion of low-salinity thermocline water from the Gulf of Aden. The annual mean freshwater loss to the atmosphere over the Red Sea is estimated to be 2.06 +/- 0.22 m yr(-1), while the annual mean heat loss is 11 +/- 5 W m(-2). These results are compared with previous estimates of the Red Sea heat and freshwater budgets derived from both direct and indirect methods, which show large differences between each other and much larger uncertainties than the present estimates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher, Dept Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Johns, WE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher, Dept Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM johns@ibis.rsmas.miami.edu NR 39 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 7-8 BP 1323 EP 1340 AR PII S0967-0645(01)00164-3 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00164-3 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 546QG UT WOS:000175284400009 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Cammarata, RC AF Prokes, SM Cammarata, RC TI Novel defect-related properties of silicon SO DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article DE electroplastic effect; hardness; nanocrystalline Si; P-b center; photoluminescence; porous silicon; thermal donors ID OXIDIZED POROUS SILICON; TEMPERATURE VISIBLE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SI+-IMPLANTED SIO2-FILMS; OXYGEN HOLE-CENTERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; BLUE LUMINESCENCE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; SPIN-RESONANCE AB This paper reviews two phenomena not generally associated with silicon: photoluminescence and enhanced mechanical ductility. In both cases, it appears that the unusual behavior is a result of novel optical and/or electronic interactions with structural defects that are influenced by the surface chemistry. Although silicon is the material of choice in the semiconductor industry, it has one serious disadvantage: it is an extremely poor optoelectronic material. This is because it is an indirect gap semiconductor, in which a radiative transition results in extremely weak light emission in the infrared part of the spectrum. Thus, the discovery of strong visible luminescence from a silicon-based material (porous silicon) has been quite surprising and has generated significant interest, both scientific and technological. This material differs from bulk silicon in one important way, in that it consists of interconnected silicon nanostructures with very large surface to volume ratios. Although the first mechanism proposed to explain this emission process involved carrier recombination within quantum size silicon particles, more recent work has shown that the surface chemistry appears to be the controlling factor in this light emission process. In brittle materials such as silicon, localized plastic deformation, involving the generation and motion of dislocations, can occur during indentation testing. It has been reported that the hardness of these materials can be significantly decreased if there is a small electric current present. This effect is similar to reductions in the yield stress of metals when subjected to large, pulsed currents, as well as to reductions in the hardness of ionic and ceramic solids when an external electric field is applied. Each of these phenomena has been termed an "electroplastic effect." Although plausible models for electroplastic effects in metallic and ionic solids have been proposed, electroplasticity in covalently bonded materials such as silicon is less easy to understand. Complicating the issue is the observation that the effect can be enhanced or suppressed depending on the state of the surface, The indentation and electroplastic behavior of silicon is reviewed, and suggestions for future work to clarify the issues involved are discussed. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Cammarata, Robert /A-3307-2010 NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON-ZUERICH PA UNTERMUHLEWEG 11, CH-8707 UETIKON-ZUERICH, SWITZERLAND J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2002 VL 200-2 BP 29 EP 45 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BT57N UT WOS:000173404600002 ER PT S AU Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Davis, J Velikovich, AL Whitney, KG Sze, H Levine, JS Failor, BH Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Belle, D AF Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Davis, J Velikovich, AL Whitney, KG Sze, H Levine, JS Failor, BH Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Belle, D BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI K-shell yield performance assessment of argon gas puff loads imploded on double-eagle, Z, and decade quad SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab ID Z-PINCH; EMISSION AB The K-shell yield performance of Titan double-shell argon gas puff loads imploded on the Z machine and Decade Quad (DQ) is compared to the performance of Double-Eagle loads employing the same nozzle configuration. Specifically, the K-shell yields obtained on the Z and DQ machines are compared with I-4, I-2, and I-0 current scaling projections made from Double-Eagle yields, where I is the peak load current. This analysis allows initialization and multidimensional effects to be factored out of the scaling behavior. This projection analysis is useful for evaluating argon gas-puff load performance because it relates I-4, I-2, and I-0 K-shell yield scaling transitions that a load, of a given specific energy, is predicted to undergo as the total load mass increases. Our analysis shows that the maximum K-shell yields were near optimum for the nozzle configuration used and the energy coupled to the load in the Z and Decade Quad experiments. At present it is not understood why an additional 22 nH of inductance for DQ, 6 nH for the Z machine, and 8 nH for Double-Eagle is required in their respective equivalent circuit models to reasonably match measured peak currents and implosion times. Note, we do not think that there is extra inductance in the real circuit; it is included in the modeled equivalent circuit as a method to account for the possible anomalous effects that are reducing the current from its expected value. These effects may include: multidimensional effects, current losses, and anomalous resistivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600022 ER PT S AU Clark, RW Davis, J Velikovich, A Rudakov, L Giuliani, JL AF Clark, RW Davis, J Velikovich, A Rudakov, L Giuliani, JL BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Direct drive inertial confinement fusion in a Z-pinch plasma SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab ID SHELL AB The recent successes with the Saturn and "Z" facilities at Sandia National Laboratory have renewed interest in Z-pinch fusion as a means of producing an abundance of high-energy photons. We have estimated that, in a nuclear fusion pulsed Z-pinch, peak currents in excess of 20-30 MA may produce magnetic fields sufficient to confine a-particles. We performed a series of numerical simulations with Au/CH/DT loads for devices with peak currents ranging from 20 to 60 MA: A detailed ionization model for Au was employed; and includes a forest of transported emission lines or line groups. For each case, we will give the calculated D-T yield and the yield of the alpha-particles deposited in the plasma. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Plasma Phys Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600062 ER PT S AU Davis, J Giuliani, JL Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Velikovich, A Chong, YK Coverdale, CA Deeney, C LePell, PD AF Davis, J Giuliani, JL Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Velikovich, A Chong, YK Coverdale, CA Deeney, C LePell, PD BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Pitfalls in radiation Modeling of Z-pinch plasmas SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB Over the last three decades there has been a quantum jump in the production of x-rays from pulsed power driven Z-pinch plasmas. Total radiative yields have gone from a few kilojoules to almost two megajoules. This increase occurred as a result of higher current drivers coupled with improvements in our understanding of the issues most relevant to good load design. Critical analyses of experimental data have led to a better understanding of the load dynamics, which includes all phases of load evolution extending from the cold start to the final collapsed phase and the emission of the x-ray pulse. A Z pinch is a deceptively simple device that has a very complex plasma dynamics. It can be a platform for demonstrating a variety of textbook plasma instabilities. However; its primary application in the present context is as an intense source of x-ray radiation. Therefore it is attractive both as a direct source of x-rays and for creating hohlraum conditions for plasma fusion experiments. After a few historical comments are offered on how radiation has been treated in modeling Z pinches, some of the methodologies and models that are employed in this endeavor are discussed. These include both nonLTE and LTE ionization dynamic models and escape probability radiation transport and LTE radiation diffusion models. To illustrate their use, comparisons are made between experimental data from a stainless steel wire array pinch implosion and 1-D MHD calculations that employ these models. The consequences that stem from the compromises and trade-offs that result from the different approximations used in these models are addressed. We will explore the role that radiation plays in the dynamic evolution of a Z-pinch and demonstrate the need for as near a self-consistent radiation-hydrodynamics treatment as possible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600077 ER PT S AU Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Davis, J Velikovich, AL Sze, H Coleman, PL Failor, BH Levine, JS Whitney, KG AF Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Davis, J Velikovich, AL Sze, H Coleman, PL Failor, BH Levine, JS Whitney, KG BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Calculated evolution of side-on and end-on X-ray images of wire and gas puff implosions on Z SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab ID Z-PINCH; RADIATION AB As J x B forces implode a Z-pinch load, a variety of phenomena that affect its radiative behavior may occur. These include snowplows and shocks, instabilities, amplification of initial load asymmetries, and high-density condensations (possibly caused by a local radiative collapse). On the axis, arrival of the main load mass occurs, but it may be preceded by a precursor plasma. An important aim of experimental diagnostics is to determine the degree and importance of such physical processes as a function of the properties of the load and the driving generator. X-ray spectroscopy and imaging are well-established components of most Z-pinch diagnostic suites. The purposes of the present work are to determine the x-ray signatures of some of these phenomena and to ascertain the x-ray energies that provide the clearest and least ambiguous indicators of these processes. To accomplish this, we have carried out radiation hydrodynamics calculations of argon gas puff and titanium wire array loads imploded on Sandia's Z generator. These calculations provide a large database of x-ray spectra and images. Some clear image signatures are seen in the calculations. These include intensity enhancement near the outer edge of the pinch, which is characteristic of the heating and compression that occurs in the snowplowed region of the pinch prior to its final on-axis assembly. Spatial image intensity profiles in the lower energy x-rays are generally indicative of the density profile of the pinch. The profile of the image at different photon energies within the K-shell spectral region is related to the presence of an electron temperature gradient. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 350 EP 353 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600079 ER PT S AU Schumer, J Mosher, D Starobinets, A Fisher, V Maron, Y AF Schumer, J Mosher, D Starobinets, A Fisher, V Maron, Y BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Improved neon L-shell physics in MHD Modeling of Hawk gas-puff z-pinch implosions SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB Neon gas-puff plasma-radiation-source (PRS) implosion experiments on the Naval Research Laboratory Hawk generator have been modeled with the MACH2 MHD code. Lateral shearing interferometer measurements of electron density were 2- to 3-times higher than predicted by MHD using an optically-thin model for the radiation and ionization physics. This discrepancy is eliminated when collisional-radiative modeling realistically reduces radiation losses, demonstrating the importance of properly treating L-shell radiation during PRS implosions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schumer, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 388 EP 391 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600088 ER PT S AU Terry, RE Giuliani, JL Apruzese, JP AF Terry, RE Giuliani, JL Apruzese, JP BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Cooperative relaxation methods for multigroup radiation diffusion in radiation hydrodynamics SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB With restrictive Courant criteria, the time integration of a radiation diffusion equation is generally done by a fully or partially implicit method. Relaxation methods are often effective and cooperative relaxation refers to a technique that will diffuse each spectral radiation group as a separate operation and combine the changes to a full spectrum. Successive passes over the groups provide convergence, as well as conserving energy over time, space and spectrum. Linearized and fully nonlinear variations on the method are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Terry, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 392 EP 395 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600089 ER PT S AU Giuliani, JL Clark, RW Thornhill, JW Davis, J AF Giuliani, JL Clark, RW Thornhill, JW Davis, J BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI A comparison of radiation transport models for a Ti Z-pinch SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB One dimensional simulations of titanium (Ti) wire array Z-pinches on the Z generator are compared with experimental data using four models of radiation transport: single and multigroup diffusive transport, tabulated and non-local collisional radiative equilibrium (CRE) transport. While the multi-group diffusion model can reasonably predict the total and K-shell radiative yields, there are significant discrepancies in the plasma properties at implosion between the diffusion approach and data. The present CRE for Ti models match the K-shell yield and the plasma properties, but the total yield increases with the number of emission lines transported. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 400 EP 403 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600091 ER PT S AU Dasgupta, A Kepple, P Davis, J AF Dasgupta, A Kepple, P Davis, J BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Z-scaled K-shell dielectronic recombination rate coefficients SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB We present total as well as state-specific dielectronic recombination (DR) data such as singly and doubly-excited state energies, autoionization and radiative rates and DR branching ratios for recombination from H-like to He-like and from He-like to Li-like ions. The data obtained are calculated using a detailed Hartree-Fock calculation with relativistic corrections. Explicit calculations for Al, Ti, and Kr are performed to cover a range of ions such that scaling relations obtained using these data can be used to interpolate the DR data for any ion of interest within this range and may be somewhat beyond. Since accurate and detailed state-specific knowledge of DR rate coefficients are crucial for atomic model development of any species, these present data will be extremely relevant for analysis of z-pinch physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dasgupta, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600092 ER PT J AU Hardaway, CA Ross, EV AF Hardaway, CA Ross, EV TI Nonablative laser skin remodeling SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; RESIDUAL THERMAL-DAMAGE; INTENSE PULSED-LIGHT; ERBIUM-YAG LASER; FACIAL SKIN; PIG MODEL; CO2; COMBINATION; CONTRACTION; WRINKLES AB Nonablative skin remodeling has become an attractive option for patients whose lifestyles demand a noninvasive approach to skin rejuvenation. This review addresses the rationales for therapy, specific devices, and study outcomes. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 64 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 97 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(03)00049-4 PG 16 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 517XC UT WOS:000173634900009 PM 11859598 ER PT S AU Jones, KD Platzer, MF AF Jones, KD Platzer, MF BE Brebbia, CA Sucharov, LJ Pascolo, P TI On the design of efficient micro air vehicles SO DESIGN AND NATURE: COMPARING DESIGN IN NATURE WITH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE DESIGN AND NATURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Design and Nature CY 2002 CL UDINE, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Int Ctr Mech Sci Udine AB In the past few years aeronautical engineers have recognized the possibility of building very small air vehicles, so-called Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs), in response to specific military and commercial needs. Remotely controlled or autonomous MAVs are difficult to detect because of their small size and low noise emission or, if detected, they may be mistaken for small birds or insects. Yet video cameras and other sensors have become so miniaturized in recent years that it is possible to mount them on MAVs for the purpose of transmitting information which may be difficult to obtain in other ways. In this paper the authors first explain various aspects of the physics of thrust generation due to wing flapping and then review the major computational and experimental results which they achieved during the past few years. They conclude with a description of their MAV which is currently under development. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Jones, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1478-0585 BN 1-85312-901-1 J9 DESIGN NATURE PY 2002 VL 3 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BV93N UT WOS:000180452100007 ER PT S AU Gassman, SL Schroeder, AJ Ray, RP AF Gassman, SL Schroeder, AJ Ray, RP GP TRB TRB TI Performance evaluation of high-density polyethylene culvert pipe SO DESIGN OF STRUCTURES 2002: BRIDGES, OTHER STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB A study has been performed to evaluate the field performance of existing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe used for drainage applications on highway projects. Forty-five HDPE pipes were inspected at sites in South Carolina. The sites were statistically selected based on geographical location, pipe diameter, use, and age, and the condition of each pipe was not known before selection for inspection. Pipe performance was evaluated with respect to AASHTO and ASTM specifications, measurements of pipe deflection with a mandrel set to 5% deflection, and visual inspections using a video camera. The video camera inspections revealed circumferential cracks in 18% of the pipes, localized bulges in 20% of the pipes, and tears or punctures in 7% of the pipes. Deflections greater than 5% were observed in 20% of the pipes. Most of this observed damage was considered minor because the pipes were maintaining a relatively round shape with limited structural distress and still performing near to the original installation purpose. Installation problems such as poor preparation of bedding soils, inappropriate backfill material, and inadequate backfill cover contributed to the excessive deflection and observed internal cracking in pipes with observed damage. More pipes backfilled with Class IV soils did not pass the mandrel test than those backfilled with Class II or III soils. In addition, cracks were more apparent in Class IV backfilled pipes than they were in pipes backfilled with Class 11 or Class III soils. Forty-four percent of the pipes had less than the recommended height of soil cover. Appropriate installation procedures are essential to achieving high-quality performance. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USN, Facil Engn Command, So Div, Struct Engn Branch,Planning & Design Dept, N Charleston, SC 29419 USA. RP Gassman, SL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 300 Main St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07740-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1814 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BV98L UT WOS:000180589400020 ER PT S AU Crosby, FJ Suiter, H AF Crosby, FJ Suiter, H BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Background adaptive band selection in a fixed filter system SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE background categorization; multispectral target detection; fixed filter multispectral camera; false alarm reduction; background adaptation AB An automated band selection algorithm suitable for real-time application with fixed filter multispectral cameras is presented for multispectral target detection. Fixed filter multispectral cameras collect all bands regardless of the background. Background adaptive band is the selection of a subset of the bands for target detection processing. Fixed filter systems typically include a small number of general-purpose bands. The bands are chosen to enhance target-background contrast but are not keyed to specific target features. In some situations it is unlikely that all bands contribute to target discrimination. Using only a subset of the available bands can decrease false alarms while maintaining target detection performance and reduced processing requirements. The advantages are demonstrated using six band multispectral data and two distinct background categories. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Crosby, FJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.479058 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200001 ER PT S AU Crosby, F Holloway, J Petee, D Stetson, S Suiter, H Tinsley, K AF Crosby, F Holloway, J Petee, D Stetson, S Suiter, H Tinsley, K BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Laser diode Arrays for expanded mine detection capability SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser diode array; active illumination; nighttime reconnaissance AB A tactical unmanned aerial vehicle-size illumination system for enhanced mine detection capabilities has been designed, developed, integrated, and tested at the Coastal Systems Station. Airborne test flights were performed from June 12, 2001 to February 1, 2002. The Airborne Laser Diode Array Illuminator uses a single-wavelength compact laser diode array stack to provide illumination and is coupled with a pair of intensified CCD video cameras. The cameras were outfitted with various lenses and polarization filters to determine the benefits of each of the configurations. The first airborne demonstration of a laser diode illumination system is described and its effectiveness to perform nighttime mine detection operations is shown. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 172 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.479067 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200017 ER PT S AU Paolino, D Neel, M Franck, CC AF Paolino, D Neel, M Franck, CC BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Reduced size spiral antenna design using dielectric overlay loading for use in ground penetrating radar and design of alternative antennas using vivaldi radiators SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; ground penetrating radar; spiral; antenna AB Spiral antennas are one of the common radiators used in ground penetrating radar (GPR). Mine detection is generally performed in a frequency band of interest between 500 MHz to 4 GHz. This paper discusses technical recommendations and R&D performed by Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), China Lake, CA, resulting in our best effort spiral design emphasizing highest low band gain while maintaining overall axial ratio purity. This design consisted of a spiral printed on a high dielectric substrate that allowed the antenna to be used at lower frequencies then conventional plastic substrate based two arm spirals of the same diameter. A graded dielectric overlay scheme was employed to facilitate matching to free space on one side, and absorber lined cavity on the other. Test data is given in terms of match and free space patterns using spin linear sources to obtain antenna axial ratios. The low-end gain was improved from -17 dBi to -5 dBi. Two Vivaldi slot antennas (star junction fed and an antipodal construction) are discussed as alternative antennas offering broadband high gain and economical construction. Both designs produced good patterns with a +5 dBi average gain over the band. Patterns for the log spiral and Archimedean spiral, together with recommendations for future improvements are provided. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Paolino, D (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Code 474300D,Code 474300D,1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 218 EP 229 DI 10.1117/12.479092 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200021 ER PT S AU Dobeck, GJ Cobb, JT AF Dobeck, GJ Cobb, JT BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Fusion of multiple quadratic penalty function support vector machines (QPFSVM) for automated sea mine detection and classification SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE support vector machine; mine detection; mine classification; algorithm fusion; fusion ID SCAN SONAR IMAGERY; MULTIRESOLUTION NEURAL NETWORKS; ADAPTIVE CLUTTER SUPPRESSION; SHALLOW-WATER; BANDWIDTH REDUCTION; VARIATIONAL-METHODS; LOOKING SONAR; RECOGNITION; DETECTION/CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS AB The high-resolution sonar is one of the principal sensors used by the Navy to detect and classify sea mines in minehunting operations. For such sonar systems, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of automated detection and classification (D/C) algorithms. These have been spurred by several factors including (1) aids for operators to reduce work overload, (2) more optimal use of all available data, and (3) the introduction of unmanned minehunting systems. The environments where sea mines are typically laid (harbor areas, shipping lanes, and the littorals) give rise to many false alarms caused by natural, biologic, and man-made clutter. The objective of the automated D/C algorithms is to eliminate most of these false alarms while still maintaining a very high probability of mine detection and classification (PdPc). In recent years, the benefits of fusing the outputs of multiple D/C algorithms have been studied. We refer to this as Algorithm Fusion. The results have been remarkable, including reliable robustness to new environments. The Quadratic Penalty Function Support Vector Machine (QPFSVM) algorithm to aid in the automated detection and classification of sea mines is introduced in this paper. The QPFSVM algorithm is easy to train, simple to implement, and robust to feature space dimension. Outputs of successive SVM algorithms are cascaded in stages (fused) to improve the Probability of Classification (Pc) and reduce the number of false alarms. Even though our experience has been gained in the area of sea mine detection and classification, the principles described herein are general and can be applied to fusion of any D/C problem (e.g., automated medical diagnosis or automatic target recognition for ballistic missile defense). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Dobeck, GJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 401 EP 411 DI 10.1117/12.479112 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200039 ER PT S AU Aridgides, T Fernandez, M Dobeck, GJ AF Aridgides, T Fernandez, M Dobeck, GJ BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Fusion approach investigation for sea mine classification in very shallow water SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sea mine classification; clutter rejection; data fusion; feature orthogonalization; log-likelihood ratio test ID SCAN SONAR IMAGERY; ADAPTIVE CLUTTER SUPPRESSION; DETECTION/CLASSIFICATION; FILTER AB A novel sea mine computer-aided-detection / computer-aided-classification (CAD/CAC) processing string has been developed. The overall CAD/CAC processing string consists of pre-processing, adaptive clutter filtering (ACF), normalization, detection, feature extraction, feature orthogonalization, optimal subset feature selection, classification and fusion processing blocks. The range-dimension ACF is matched both to average highlight and shadow information, while also adaptively suppressing background clutter. For each detected object, features are extracted and processed through an orthogonalization transformation, enabling an efficient application of the optimal log-likelihood-ratio-test (LLRT) classification rule, in the orthogonal feature space domain. The classified objects of 3 distinct processing strings are fused using the classification confidence values as features and logic-based, M-out-of-N, or LLRT-based fusion rules. The utility of the overall processing strings and their fusion was demonstrated with very shallow water high-resolution sonar imagery data. The processing string detection and classification parameters were tuned and the string classification performance was optimized, by appropriately selecting a subset of the original feature set. A discussion is presented illustrating the statistical independence of the CAD/CAC processing string outputs and providing insights as to the processing gains to be expected with fusion. It was shown that LLRT-based fusion algorithms outperform the logic based or the M-out-of-N ones. The LLRT-based fusion of the CAD/CAC processing strings resulted up to a four-fold false alarm rate reduction, compared to the best single CAD/CAC processing string results, while maintaining a constant correct mine classification probability. C1 USN, Elect & Surveillance Syst, Lockheed Martin, Syracuse, NY 13221 USA. RP Aridgides, T (reprint author), USN, Elect & Surveillance Syst, Lockheed Martin, Syracuse, NY 13221 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 419 EP 430 DI 10.1117/12.479114 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200041 ER PT S AU Crosby, F Holloway, J Petee, D Stetson, S Suiter, H Tinsley, K AF Crosby, F Holloway, J Petee, D Stetson, S Suiter, H Tinsley, K BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Airborne testing of the Joint Mine Detection Technology's Tunable Filter Multispectral Camera SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral; intensified video camera; tunable filter; polarization; Joint Mine Detection Technology AB The Joint Mine Detection Technology (JMDT) project, following successful field-based testing of its new Tunable Filter Multispectral Camera (TFMC) has now completed initial Airborne Testing of the TFMC at both the Coastal Systems Station and Eglin Air Force Base sites. An overview of the testing is presented along with the investigations into the advantages of a system utilizing the TFMC in airborne operational scenarios. The TFMC-like tuning flexibility was flight-tested using optiniized wavelength combinations, which were found using field test data, over a variety of backgrounds and altitudes. The data revealed the suitability of background tuning, polarization, and mechanically co-registered channels as benefits to multispectral target detection. The data were also compared to that collected with an IMC-201 camera, using the six filters of the Coastal Battlefield Reconnaissance and Analysis (COBRA) Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) system, in order to determine improvements over existing capabilities. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 950 EP 961 DI 10.1117/12.479088 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200093 ER PT S AU Trafton, JG Marshall, S Mintz, F Trickett, SB AF Trafton, JG Marshall, S Mintz, F Trickett, SB BE Hegarty, M Meyer, B Narayanan, NH TI Extracting explicit and implict information from complex visualizations SO DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION AND INFERENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Theory and Application of Diagrams CY APR 18-20, 2002 CL CALLAWAY GARDENS, GEORGIA SP USN, Off Res, Amer Assoc Aritficial Intelligence, Cognit Sci Soc, Japanese Cognit Sci Soc, Japanese Soc Artificial Intelligence ID GRAPHICAL PERCEPTION; MENTAL ANIMATION; MODEL AB How do experienced users extract information from a complex visualization? We examine this question by presenting experienced weather forecasters with visualizations that did not show the needed information explicitly and examining their eye movements. We replicated Carpenter & Shah (1998) when the information was explicitly available on the visualization. However, when the information was not explicitly available, we found that forecasters used spatial reasoning in the form of spatial transformations. We also found a strong imagerial component for constructing meteorological information. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Trafton, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43561-1 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2002 VL 2317 BP 206 EP 220 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BW16H UT WOS:000181051900022 ER PT S AU Bogacz, S Trafton, JG AF Bogacz, S Trafton, JG BE Hegarty, M Meyer, B Narayanan, NH TI Understanding static and dynamic visualizations SO DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION AND INFERENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Theory and Application of Diagrams CY APR 18-20, 2002 CL CALLAWAY GARDENS, GEORGIA SP USN, Off Res, Amer Assoc Aritficial Intelligence, Cognit Sci Soc, Japanese Cognit Sci Soc, Japanese Soc Artificial Intelligence ID ANIMATION; INFORMATION AB Data from expert forecasters making weather repors (using the talk aloud method) were coded for dynamic comments as well as whether the visualization itself was static or dynamic. Preliminary results strongly suggest that meteorologists build dynamic mental models from static images. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bogacz, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5513, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43561-1 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2002 VL 2317 BP 347 EP 349 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BW16H UT WOS:000181051900035 ER PT J AU Still, KR Jederberg, WW Ritchie, GD Rossi, J AF Still, KR Jederberg, WW Ritchie, GD Rossi, J TI Exposure assessment and the health of deployed forces SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Counil, Natl Acad Sci ID CELL-BASED BIOSENSOR; MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; NEURONAL NETWORKS; IN-VITRO; SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; TOXICOLOGY; CULTURES; AGENTS; TISSUE AB The risk assessment process is a critical function for military Deployment Toxicology research objectives, emphasizing improved health protection of deployed forces. Reliable risk assessment methodology is essential for decision making related to risk reduction procedures during combat deployment, as well as during routine occupational activities. Such decision making must be based upon quality science that both guides sound judgments in risk characterization and management, and provides necessary health protection tools. The health and fitness of deployed forces must be considered for both acute and long-term issues. Exposure assessment specifies populations that might be exposed to injurious agents, identifies routes of exposure, and estimates the magnitude, duration, and timing of the doses that personnel may receive as a result of their exposure. Acute or short-term catastrophic risks for deployed forces are of immediate concern and must be addressed on a risk prioritization basis using Operational Risk Management (ORM) procedures. However, long-term effects of exposure to the same agents must be considered as part of the overall health concerns for deployed forces. In response to these needs, a number of military, federal government, academic and private sector organizations are currently developing new classes of biologically-based biosensors with the programmed capacity to detect the presence of virtually any environmental chemical or biological stressor with the capacity to induce health consequences in deployed personnel. A major objective of this engineering effort is development of biosensor systems that detect novel (previously unresearched) chemical or biological agents that might be used during international combat or terrorist attacks to induce acute or long-term health effects on military or civilian populations. A large portion of the discussion in this paper is devoted to describing the development, testing, and implementation of tissue-based biosensors (TBBs) that utilize small samples of living tissue from laboratory small animals for a wide range of human risk assessment applications. C1 NHRC, TD, Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geocenters Inc, Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN Pentagon, OPNAV N343C, Washington, DC USA. RP Still, KR (reprint author), NHRC, TD, Area B, Bldg 433,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 383 EP 401 DI 10.1081/DCT-120014791 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 600QF UT WOS:000178401800005 PM 12378949 ER PT S AU Lampe, M AF Lampe, M BE Bharuthram, R Hellberg, MM Shukla, PK Verheest, F TI Plasma response to a single grain/electrostatic interaction between grains SO DUSTY PLASMAS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Physics of Dusty Plasmas CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US DOE, Off Naval Res, USN, Res Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Res Fdn ID MOTION-LIMITED THEORY; DUST PARTICLES; CRYSTAL-FORMATION; SIMULATION; INSTABILITY; ATTRACTION; DISCHARGE; SHEATH; CHARGE; IONS AB We review the physics of shielding around a single dust grain in a plasma, charging of the grain, and electrostatic interaction between two nearby grains. Orbital-motion-limited (OML) theory is found to be an acceptably accurate representation for the contribution of positive-energy ions to shielding, in non-flowing plasmas. However, shielding is often dominated by negative-energy trapped ions created by charge-exchange collisions. The result is usually very close to the Debye-shielded form, for r < several lambda(D). For larger r, phi (r) sin r(-2). Trapped ions also greatly increase the ion current to the grain, even in very weakly collisional cases. As a result, the grain charge can be significantly less than the OML result. For grains immersed in streaming plasma in a sheath, linear response theory is found to be a satisfactory method for calculating the wake fields, and is supported by experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0106-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 649 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93W UT WOS:000180454600007 ER PT S AU Ganguli, G Joyce, G Lampe, M AF Ganguli, G Joyce, G Lampe, M BE Bharuthram, R Hellberg, MM Shukla, PK Verheest, F TI Phase transition in dusty plasmas: A microphysical description SO DUSTY PLASMAS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Physics of Dusty Plasmas CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US DOE, Off Naval Res, USN, Res Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Res Fdn ID CRYSTALS AB We report on analytical and simulation studies of microphysical processes that trigger phase transitions in a dusty plasma subject to ion streaming. For pressures below the critical pressure P, for condensation, the grains acquire a large random kinetic energy and form a weakly coupled fluid. If P is increased to greater than P-c, the grains lose their kinetic energy and reach a strongly coupled crystalline state. The dust heating in the fluid phase is due to an ion-dust two-stream instability, which is stabilized at P > P-c by the combined effect of ion-neutral and dust-neutral collisions. If one starts from the crystalline state and decreases the pressure to below the critical pressure P for melting, transverse phonons are destabilized by ion streaming, which destroys the short range ordering of the dust grains and triggers melting. It is found that P-m < P-c. For P-m < P < P-c mixed phase states can exist. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0106-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 649 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93W UT WOS:000180454600020 ER PT S AU Lampe, M Ganguli, G Gavrishchaka, V Goswami, R Joyce, G AF Lampe, M Ganguli, G Gavrishchaka, V Goswami, R Joyce, G BE Bharuthram, R Hellberg, MM Shukla, PK Verheest, F TI Collisional and nonlinear effects on grain charge and intergrain force SO DUSTY PLASMAS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Physics of Dusty Plasmas CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US DOE, Off Naval Res, USN, Res Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Res Fdn ID DUSTY PLASMA; PARTICLES AB In recent work we have shown that trapped ions, created by occasional collisions, typically dominate the plasma response to a stationary dust grain in non-flowing plasma. A procedure is outlined for calculating the ion current to the grain, including trapped ions, and it is shown that the trapped ion current is typically larger than the OML ion current. The electrostatic interaction between two grains is also discussed. This problem is solved in context of OML theory, with no trapped ions included. The result is that the interaction is purely repulsive, and nonlinear terms due to the presence of two grains increase the repulsion as compared to the one-grain potential. The two-grain problem has not yet been solved with trapped ions, but the possibility of attractive electrostatic forces is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0106-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 649 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93W UT WOS:000180454600068 ER PT S AU Kang, W AF Kang, W BE Colonius, F Grune, L TI Normal form, invariants, and bifurcations of nonlinear control systems in the particle deflection plane SO DYNAMICS, BIFURCATIONS AND CONTROL SE LECTURE NOTES IN CONTROL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Nonlinear Control Workshop on Dynamics, Bifurcations and Control CY APR 01-03, 2001 CL KLOSTER, GERMANY SP European Union ID FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION; STATE-FEEDBACK; STABILIZATION AB This paper addresses the problem of bifurcation analysis for nonlinear control systems. It is a review of some results published in recent years on bifurcations of control systems based on the normal form approach. We address three problems for systems with a single uncontrollable mode, namely the problem of normal forms, bifurcations of control systems, and bifurcation control by state feedback. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 3-540-42890-9 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2002 VL 273 BP 67 EP 87 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BU07U UT WOS:000174926700005 ER PT J AU Lee, TF Turk, FJ Hawkins, J Richardson, K AF Lee, Thomas F. Turk, Francis J. Hawkins, Jeffrey Richardson, Kim TI Interpretation of TRMM TMI Images of Tropical Cyclones SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; tropical meteorology; synoptic-scale meteorology; convective processes; tropical cyclones AB Images of the 85-GHz frequency from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft are routinely viewed by forecasters for tropical cyclone analyses. These images are valued because of their ability to observe tropical cyclone structure and to locate center positions. Images of lower-frequency SSM/I channels, such as 37 GHz, have poor quality due to the coarse spatial resolution, and therefore 85 GHz has become the de facto analysis standard. However, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), launched in 1997, has much better spatial resolution for all channels than the SSM/I. Although originally designed to investigate precipitation for climate research, real-time images are now sent into tropical cyclone forecast offices, and posted to Web pages of the Naval Research Laboratory and the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, both in Monterey, California. TMI images of 37 GHz have a number of properties that make them useful complements to images of 85 GHz. They have the capacity to detect low-level circulation centers, which are sometimes unseen at 85 GHz. Also, because the 37-GHz channel generally senses atmospheric layers much nearer to the surface than 85 GHz, parallax error is less, allowing more accurate fixes. This paper presents several case studies comparing the two TMI frequencies and offers some forecasting guidelines for when to use each. C1 [Lee, Thomas F.; Turk, Francis J.; Hawkins, Jeffrey; Richardson, Kim] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lee, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM lee@nrlmry.navy.mil FU U.S. Navy; program office Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command [0603207N]; Office of Naval Research [PE-060243N] FX The support of the research sponsor, the Oceanographer of the U.S. Navy, through the program office Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, under Program Element 0603207N, is gratefully acknowledged. We also wish to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research, Program Element PE-060243N. The authors thank the NASA TRMM Science Data and Information System team, including Erich Stocker, for providing TRMM TMI data. Dr. Steve Miller of NRL Monterey offered invaluable suggestions. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2002 VL 6 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V04NY UT WOS:000207066300003 ER PT S AU Ramotowski, T Hughes, OR Kavarnos, G Gleason, K Zhang, QM Ting, R AF Ramotowski, T Hughes, OR Kavarnos, G Gleason, K Zhang, QM Ting, R BE BarCohen, Y Zhang, QM Fukada, E Bauer, S Chrisey, DB Danforth, SC TI Chemical and physical changes associated with high-strain electrostriction in beta-irradiated PVDF-TrFE SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies-From Tissue Engineering to Conformal Electronics held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID RADIATION; FLUOROPOLYMERS AB In 1998, Zhang et al. [1] demonstrated that large doses of high-energy beta radiation could transform certain vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) copolymers into high-strain electrostrictors. Since that time, U.S. Navy researchers and their colleagues have been analyzing irradiated PVDF-TrFE copolymers to determine what physical and chemical changes are associated with the materials' desirable high-strain electrostictor properties. The most obvious radiation-induced structural change is the introduction and retention of more gauche-type linkages in the PVDF-TrFE polymer chains at room temperature as evidenced by FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction data, These additional gauche linkages function as defects in the long, all-trans sequences normally found in PVDF-TrFE copolymers and, in effect, break up those sequences into the nano-polar domains necessary for high-strain electrostriction. The key role played by the beta radiation in this scenario appears to be the introduction of chemical changes (pendant groups, cross-links and carbon-carbon double bonds) that preserve a higher percentage of gauche linkages below the polymer's Curie temperature. TGA, TGA-MS, 19-F NMR, FT-IR, and DMA data supporting the existence of these beta radiation-induced chemical changes will be presented. This research has important implications for synthetic polymer chemists interested in improving the existing materials and/or creating new, high-strain polymeric electrostrictors with or without the use of beta radiation. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ramotowski, T (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-634-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 698 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86W UT WOS:000177251300027 ER PT S AU Swider-Lyons, KE Pique, A Arnold, CB Wartena, RC AF Swider-Lyons, KE Pique, A Arnold, CB Wartena, RC BE BarCohen, Y Zhang, QM Fukada, E Bauer, S Chrisey, DB Danforth, SC TI Direct write microbatteries for next-generation microelectronic devices SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies-From Tissue Engineering to Conformal Electronics held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID STORAGE; OXIDES AB Microbatteries and integrated microbattery systems are likely to be the sole power source or a power-source component for the next generation of microelectronic devices. As part of the LEAPS (Laser Engineering of Advanced Power Sources) program, custom-designed microbatteries and ultracapacitors will be integrated in microelectronic circuits for optimum performance. The Naval Research Laboratory's Matrix-Assisted Pulsed-Laser Deposition Direct-Write (MAPLE DW) process is used to rapidly fabricate various primary and secondary (non-rechargeable and chargeable) electrochemical power sources. This laser forward-transfer process can be used to transfer any type of battery material and battery material mixtures, including polymers, hydrated oxides, metals, and corrosive electrolytes. Additional laser micromachining capabilities are used to tailor the battery sizes, interfaces, and configurations. Examples are given for planar RuO2 ultracapacitors and stacked alkaline batteries. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6171, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-634-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 698 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86W UT WOS:000177251300034 ER PT S AU Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Pratap, B Swider-Lyons, KE Pique, A AF Arnold, CB Wartena, RC Pratap, B Swider-Lyons, KE Pique, A BE BarCohen, Y Zhang, QM Fukada, E Bauer, S Chrisey, DB Danforth, SC TI Laser direct writing of hydrous ruthenium dioxide micro-pseudocapacitors SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies-From Tissue Engineering to Conformal Electronics held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; SUPERCAPACITOR; STORAGE; CHARGE; OXIDE AB We are using a laser engineering approach to develop and optimize hydrous ruthenium dioxide (RuOxHy or RuO2.0.5 H2O) pseudocapacitors. We employ a novel laser forward transfer process, Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Direct Write (MAPLE-DW), in combination with UV laser machining, to fabricate mesoscale pseudocapacitors and microbatteries under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. Thin films with the desired high surface area morphology are obtained without compromising their electrochemical performance. The highest capacitance structures are achieved by depositing mixtures of sulfuric acid with the RuO2.0.5 H2O electrode material. Our pseudocapacitors exhibit linear discharge behavior and their properties scale proportionately when assembled in parallel and series configurations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Arnold, CB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-634-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 698 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86W UT WOS:000177251300035 ER PT S AU Young, D Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, DB Denham, H Dlott, DD AF Young, D Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, DB Denham, H Dlott, DD BE BarCohen, Y Zhang, QM Fukada, E Bauer, S Chrisey, DB Danforth, SC TI Plume and jetting regimes in a laser based forward transfer process as observed by time-resolved optical microscopy SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies-From Tissue Engineering to Conformal Electronics held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID OXIDE STRUCTURES; ABLATION; PULSES AB Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Direct-Write was investigated by ultra highspeed optical microscopy. A layer of viscous fluid was irradiated with 355nm, 30 ns laser Pulses in a laser-forward transfer configuration. The fluid response as a function of fluence was studied, and several distinct regimes of behavior were observed : plume, jetting and subthreshold. However, the transition between plume and jetting regimes was not readily evident in a study of transfer pixel area vs. fluence, which may be explained by material-substrate interactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Young, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dlott, Dana/0000-0001-8719-7093 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-634-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 698 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86W UT WOS:000177251300039 ER PT S AU Ringeisen, BR Kim, H Young, HD Spargo, BJ Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, D Wu, PK AF Ringeisen, BR Kim, H Young, HD Spargo, BJ Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, D Wu, PK BE BarCohen, Y Zhang, QM Fukada, E Bauer, S Chrisey, DB Danforth, SC TI Cell-by-cell construction of living tissue SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies-From Tissue Engineering to Conformal Electronics held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID OXIDE STRUCTURES; LASER; SURFACE; KERATINOCYTES; RECONSTITUTE; MONOLAYERS; EPIDERMIS; CARTILAGE; POLYMERS; MODEL AB This paper outlines investigations into a potentially revolutionary approach to tissue engineering. Tissue is a complex three-dimensional structure that contains many different biomaterials such as cells, proteins, and extracellular matrix molecules that are ordered in a very precise way to serve specific functions. In order to replicate such complex structure, it is necessary to have a tool that could deposit all these materials in an accurate and controlled fashion. Most methods to fabricate living three-dimensional structures involve techniques to engineer biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolding, which is then seeded with living cells to form tissue. This scaffolding gives the tissue needed support, but the resulting tissue inherently has no microscopic cellular structure because cells are injected into the scaffolding where they adhere at random. We have developed a novel technique that actually engineers tissue, not scaffolding, that includes the mesoscopic cellular structure inherent in natural tissues. This approach uses a laser-based rapid prototyping system known as matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW) to construct living tissue cell-by-cell. This manuscript details our efforts to rapidly and reproducibly fabricate complex 2D and 3D tissue structures with MAPLE-DW by placing different cells and biomaterials accurately and adherently on the mesoscopic scale. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-634-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 698 BP 329 EP 341 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86W UT WOS:000177251300043 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, CH AF Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, CH TI Performance comparison of an endoreversible closed variable temperature heat reservoir Brayton cycle under maximum power density and maximum power conditions SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE closed Brayton cycle; endoreversible cycle; power density; power; performance comparison ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; ENGINE; EFFICIENCY AB In this paper, the power density, defined as the ratio of power output to maximum specific volume in the cycle, is taken as the objective for performance analysis of an endoreversible closed Brayton cycle coupled to variable temperature heat reservoirs in the viewpoint of finite time thermodynamics or entropy generation minimization. The analytical formulae about the relations between power density and pressure ratio are derived with heat resistance losses in the hot and cold side heat exchangers. The obtained results are compared with those results obtained by using the maximum power criterion. The influences of some design parameters on the maximum power density are provided by numerical examples, and the advantages and disadvantages of maximum power density design are analyzed. The power plant design with maximum power density leads to a higher efficiency and smaller size. When the heat transfer is effected ideally and the thermal capacity rates of the two heat reservoirs are infinite, the results of this paper become those obtained in recent literature. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00003-6 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 496ZY UT WOS:000172429300004 ER PT J AU Shi, ZQ Chen, JC Wu, C AF Shi, ZQ Chen, JC Wu, C TI Maximum work output of an electric battery and its load matching SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE battery; maximum work output; discharge time; load matching AB A simple battery model established by Denno [Power system design and applications for alternative energy sources, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall: 1989] is used to investigate the basic question of how to maximize the work output of an electric battery. The discharge time is determined reasonably and the load resistance is matched optimally. The results obtained here can be used to explain quantitatively the example given by Gyftopoulos [Energy 24 (1999) 1035]. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. RI Chen, JC/G-4088-2010; OI Wu, Chih-Hang/0000-0001-9929-4421 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00022-X PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 499GX UT WOS:000172564200008 ER PT J AU Jackman, SM Grant, GM Kolanko, CJ Stenger, DA Nath, J AF Jackman, SM Grant, GM Kolanko, CJ Stenger, DA Nath, J TI DNA damage assessment by comet assay of human lymphocytes exposed to jet propulsion fuels SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE comet assay; jet fuel; lymphocytes; in vitro; DNA damage ID SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; INHALATION EXPOSURE; DERMAL APPLICATION; FISCHER-344 RATS; INDIVIDUAL CELLS; SUBSTANCE-P; IN-VITRO; JP-8; TOXICITY; IMMUNOTOXICITY AB Exposure to jet fuel damages DNA and results in a number of physiological changes in liver, lung, immune, and neurological tissue. In this study the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay or comet assay was used to compare the DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes produced by three jet propulsion fuels: JP-8, JP-5, and JP-8+100. These fuels consist of complex mixtures of aliphatic, aromatic, and substituted naphthalene hydrocarbons. Two exposure times were investigated which correspond to estimated occupational exposure times and concentrations of fuels were used that were based on previous fuel toxicity studies. Analysis of samples for the extent of DNA damage as determined by tail moment and percent tail DNA was performed on exposed cells following a brief recovery time. All fuels produced significant increases in DNA damage; however, only JP-8+100 was genotoxic at the lowest exposure concentration (1 :500). At the highest exposure concentration (1 :75), the mean tail moments for JP-8 and JP-8+100 (32.041 +/- 2.599 and 45.774 +/- 4.743, respectively) were significantly greater than for JP-5 (1.314 +/- 0.474). These results indicate that JP-8+100 is the most potent inducer of DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes and that both JP-8+100 and JP-8 are capable of damaging lymphocyte DNA to a greater extent than JP-5. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 W Virginia Univ, Genent & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Autogentox Corp, Morgantown, WV USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Nath, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Genent & Dev Biol Program, POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 DI 10.1002/em.10082 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 581MY UT WOS:000177297300002 PM 12211072 ER PT S AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL BE Boccaletti, S Gluckman, BJ Kurths, J Pecora, LM Spano, ML TI Noise robust synchronized chaotic circuits SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 22-26, 2001 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP USN, Off Res ID YTTRIUM-IRON-GARNET; SYSTEMS; SIGNALS; REDUCTION; COMMUNICATION; DYNAMICS AB The synchronization of chaotic circuits is greatly degraded by noise, so that for noise as large or larger than the synchronizing signal, no useful synchronization is possible. I demonstrate here a set of synchronized chaotic circuits that is robust to additive white noise. For any noise level, it is possible to achieve arbitrarily small synchronization error by properly changing one circuit parameter. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0071-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 622 BP 439 EP 444 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BU81W UT WOS:000177122800049 ER PT J AU Lai, JCS Yue, J Platzer, MF AF Lai, JCS Yue, J Platzer, MF TI Control of backward-facing step flow using a flapping foil SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT SHEAR-LAYER; REATTACHMENT; DOWNSTREAM; AIRFOIL; LAMINAR AB The effect of oscillating a small foil in plunge on the reattachment of a separated shear layer in a two-dimensional backward-facing step flow has been studied using flow visualization and single component laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements. It has been shown that a jet instead of awake is generated by the flapping action of the foil. Results indicate that this action induces strong mixing and entrainment when the foil is located within the recirculation flow region, thereby reducing the reattachment length by as much as 70%. Furthermore, it has been shown that the flapping foil is most effective in reducing the size of the separation zone when placed close to the wall and to the step. It is least effective when placed outside the separated shear layer or downstream of the reattachment zone. C1 Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Univ Coll, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lai, JCS (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Univ Coll, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. OI Lai, Joseph/0000-0002-8946-9993 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1007/s003480200005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 516HM UT WOS:000173547900006 ER PT B AU Lane, WM Briggs, FH AF Lane, WM Briggs, FH BE Mulchaey, JS Stocke, JT TI Damped Ly alpha absorbers: The 21cm story SO EXTRAGALACTIC GAS AT LOW REDSHIFT SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Extragalactic Gas at Low Redshift CY APR 04-06, 2001 CL CARNEGIE OBSERV, PASADENA, CA SP Univ Colorado, Cosm Orgins Spectrograph Project HO CARNEGIE OBSERV ID MG-II ABSORPTION; SYSTEMS; GALAXIES; SAMPLE; LINE; DISCOVERY; REDSHIFTS; SPECTRUM; QUASARS; GAS AB We present a two-pronged study of HI gas in low and moderate redshift galaxies. In the first part of the contribution we discuss a large survey designed to identify new high column density systems through the HI 21cm absorption line and to study their statistical properties, while in the latter half we present spectra for the four 21cm absorbers identified in the survey and summarize their known properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lane, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7213,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-094-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 254 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU69Q UT WOS:000176731900021 ER PT S AU Joyce, JA Albrecht, P Tjiang, HC Wright, WJ AF Joyce, JA Albrecht, P Tjiang, HC Wright, WJ BE Chona, R TI Compliance ratio method of estimating crack length in dynamic fracture toughness tests SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 32ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 14-16, 2000 CL CONSHOHOCKEN, PA SP ASTM Comm E 8 DE fracture toughness; crack length measurement; key curve; normalization function; dynamic testing; elastic compliance; limit load AB Crack extension during fracture toughness tests of ferritic structural steels cannot be determined from measurements of unloading compliance or electric potential change when the specimen is dynamically loaded. Measurements of crack extension in fracture toughness tests are also very difficult when the test temperature is high or the test environment is aggressive. To circumvent this limitation, researchers for years have been developing key curve and normalization function methods to estimate crack extension in standard elastic-plastic fracture toughness test geometries. In the key curve method [1,2] a load-displacement curve is measured for a so-called "source" specimen that is subsize or has a blunt notch so that the crack will not initiate during elastic-plastic loading. The load and displacement are then converted to normalized stress-strain units to obtain a key curve that can be used to predict crack extension in geometrically similar "target" specimens of same material loaded at similar loading rates and tested under similar environmental conditions. More recently, Landes and coworkers [3,4] proposed the normalization method. During the past three years the ASTM Task Group E 08.08.08 has prepared a draft Appendix H for the ASTM E 1820 specification that presents the normalization method as an alternative to the standard E 1820 unloading compliance procedure. Although the normalization method works well in many cases, it has serious drawbacks: the load, displacement, and crack length at the end of the test must be measured; the prescribed functional form that is fitted to the initial and final data may not be accurate for all materials and the iterative method of inferring crack length from the combination of the data and the normalization function is complex. The compliance ratio (CR) method developed in Ref 5 is used in this paper to determine key curves for predicting crack extension in dynamically loaded specimens, It consists of first testing a statically loaded source specimen using the unloading compliance procedure as specified in ASTM 1820. Then the so-called CR load-displacement curve is calculated for the source specimen, which is the load-displacement record that would have been obtained if the crack had not extended. Nondimensionalizing the CR load by the maximum load and the displacement by the elastic displacement at the maximum load, P*/P-max and from the source specimen yields the rate adjusted key curve. Assuming that the key curves of the statically and dynamically loaded specimens are one and the same, the compliance is calculated with a reverse application of the compliance ratio method and the crack length is obtained using the equations in ASTM E 1820. The CR method is found to be much simpler than the normalization method described in the draft Appendix H of ASTM 1820. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2888-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1406 BP 139 EP 157 DI 10.1520/STP10588S PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT15L UT WOS:000172099700009 ER PT S AU Graham, SM AF Graham, SM BE Chona, R TI Dynamic fracture toughness testing and analysis of HY-100 welds SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 32ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 14-16, 2000 CL CONSHOHOCKEN, PA SP ASTM Comm E 8 DE under-matched welds; dynamic fracture toughness; HY-100; normalization ID LOAD SEPARATION; COMMON FORMAT; MECHANICS; CURVES AB This study examined fracture behavior of two HY-100 under-matched welds under dynamic loading. A new test fixture that provided greater control of specimen deflection during impact testing of SE(B) specimens was developed, as was a procedure for applying the Normalization Method to the analysis of dynamic fracture toughness tests. Successful application of Normalization involved using multiple specimens with varying ductile crack growth to establish the correct form for the plasticity function. The accuracy of the measured J(Id) was verified by comparing with multi-specimen J(Id) values. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Anteon Corp, Anal & Technol Div,Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Anteon Corp, Anal & Technol Div,Carderock Div, Code 614,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2888-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1406 BP 158 EP 176 DI 10.1520/STP10589S PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT15L UT WOS:000172099700010 ER PT J AU Shenoy, D Lavarello, A Naciri, J Shashidhar, R AF Shenoy, D Lavarello, A Naciri, J Shashidhar, R TI Influence of annealing on the dielectric properties of a ferroelectric liquid crystal SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals CY AUG 05-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE ferroelectric liquid crystal; annealing; dielectric loss reduction; Havriliak Negami fits; ion neutralization AB The noise level in a pyroelectric device and therefore the sensitivity is dictated mainly by the dielectric losses in pyroelectric materials. An annealing procedure has been developed that reduces the dielectric loss significantly. The procedure consists of subjecting the ferroelectric liquid crystal sample to an electric field in the isotropic phase and cooling it into the smectic phase at a certain rate. After measurement of the dielectric parameters, the sample is reheated into the isotropic phase and then cooled again at a slower rate into the smectic phase. The entire process is repeated for successively slower cooling rates. We present the results of this annealing treatment and explain the origin of this phenomenon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shenoy, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 278 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1080/00150190190027582 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 607KB UT WOS:000178789800017 ER PT J AU Kim, C Lewis, D Wu, CCM Sanday, SC AF Kim, C Lewis, D Wu, CCM Sanday, SC TI Piezoelectric rotary actuator driven devices and applications SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity (IMF-10) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE torsional actuator; piezoelectric motor; rotor blade AB Novel piezoelectric cylindrical ceramic actuators have been developed utilizing the d(15) piezoelectric shear coefficient. These solid state actuators are segmented piezoelectric tubes that generate high torque and angular displacement. This rotary actuation can be applied to the trailing edge flap of a helicopter rotor blade to reduce vibration and to provide real time active blade tuning, For long stroke applications, rotary inchworm/motor devices were designed and fabricated using roller clutches to accumulate the minute displacement of the actuator over many cycles of the applied ac field. Operating at the resonant frequency of the actuator, the amplitude of the rotary angle is amplified by the mechanical quality factor of the device. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 273 BP 2437 EP 2442 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 580CM UT WOS:000177217000011 ER PT J AU Bellotti, J Akdogan, EK Safari, A Chang, WT Pond, J AF Bellotti, J Akdogan, EK Safari, A Chang, WT Pond, J TI Frequency agile BST thin films for rf/microwave applications SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity (IMF-10) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE BST; pulsed laser deposition; microwave; thin film ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Heteroepitaxial Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films of varying thickness (similar to22-270 nm) were deposited on (100) oriented LaAlO3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition using a KrF excimer laser (lambda = 248 nm). XRD and FESEM were used to determine the structural quality, while RBS was used to investigate the chemical composition and thickness. The stoichiometry was found to be ideal with a Ba:Sr ratio of 1.5. XRD omega-scans showed that all films were epitaxial with a FWHM of 0.40degrees. Interdigitated electrodes were used to measure the capacitance and Q-factor of the films in the range of 1 GHz to 20 GHz. The films exhibited a capacitance of 0.156 - 0.463 pF at room temperature, with Q-factors in the range of 4-20, depending on frequency. The tunability of BST was also measured at microwave frequencies and found to be up to 38% at 10 GHz, for the thickest sample. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bellotti, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 271 BP 1721 EP 1726 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 580CJ UT WOS:000177216700023 ER PT S AU Vignola, JF Simpson, H Liu, X Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Marcus, M Jarzynski, J Ilic, B Czaplewzski, D Sekaric, L Butler, JE AF Vignola, JF Simpson, H Liu, X Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Marcus, M Jarzynski, J Ilic, B Czaplewzski, D Sekaric, L Butler, JE BE Tomasini, EP TI Loss mechanisms in MEMS-oscillators SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 18-21, 2002 CL ANCONA, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry, Univ Studi Ancona, Dipartimento Meccan DE laser vibrometry; micro-oscillators; MEMS devices; mechanical loss mechanisms AB Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices are being developed for a broad range of applications. In most cases, the sensitivity of the final device is a function of the intrinsic dissipation of mechanical energy, or Q(-1). We use laser Doppler vibrometery (LDV) and finite element modeling to examine and quantify a variety of different dissipation mechanisms that are important for the room temperature operation of MEMS oscillator devices. In this work we examine dissipation mechanisms that include phonon-phonon scattering, thermoelastic dissipation, acoustic radiation, viscous drag and attachment loss. We examine three different systems experimentally and analytically to demonstrate that different loss mechanisms are dominant in each case at room temperature. Full-field LDV measurements are used to show that resonant reflectors are responding as predicted by finite element modeling and reduce the torque that the oscillator imposes on its foundation. This result shows that the attachment loss can be mitigated with the use of resonant reflectors and by careful design and fabrication. However, this reduction in the attachment loss does not reduce the Q(-1) at room temperature for this device. From this we conclude that for these oscillators, attachment loss is not an important dissipation mechanism at room temperature, and the loss is due to some other intrinsic mechanisms mentioned above. We find that at pressure greater than 10(-2) Torr acoustic radiation dominates for our MEMS paddle oscillators, while for a diamond oscillator, 10(-3) Torr is the low-pressure for when radiation damping is dominant. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vignola, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7136,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4594-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4827 BP 466 EP 477 DI 10.1117/12.468196 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics; Optics; Physics GA BV10J UT WOS:000177818100051 ER PT S AU Jones, KD Lund, TC Platzer, MF AF Jones, KD Lund, TC Platzer, MF BE Mueller, TJ TI Experimental and computational investigation of flapping wing propulsion for micro air vehicles SO FIXED AND FLAPPING WING AERODYNAMICS FOR MICRO AIR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fixed, Flapping and Rotary Wing Aerodynamics at Very Low Reynolds Numbers CY JUN 05-07, 2000 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN SP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Univ Notre Dame, Coll Engn, Univ Notre Dame, Grad Sch, Res Div, Univ Notre Dame, Roth Gibson Endowment HO UNIV NOTRE DAME ID AIRFOIL; UNSTEADY; STALL; POWER C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jones, KD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 1-56347-517-0 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2002 VL 195 BP 307 EP 339 PG 33 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BT49M UT WOS:000173139900016 ER PT S AU Ramamurti, R Sandberg, W AF Ramamurti, R Sandberg, W BE Mueller, TJ TI Computation of aerodynamic characteristics of a micro air vehicle SO FIXED AND FLAPPING WING AERODYNAMICS FOR MICRO AIR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fixed, Flapping and Rotary Wing Aerodynamics at Very Low Reynolds Numbers CY JUN 05-07, 2000 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN SP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Univ Notre Dame, Coll Engn, Univ Notre Dame, Grad Sch, Res Div, Univ Notre Dame, Roth Gibson Endowment HO UNIV NOTRE DAME C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 1-56347-517-0 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2002 VL 195 BP 537 EP 555 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BT49M UT WOS:000173139900025 ER PT S AU Barrows, GL Neely, C Miller, KT AF Barrows, GL Neely, C Miller, KT BE Mueller, TJ TI Optic flow sensors for MAV navigation SO FIXED AND FLAPPING WING AERODYNAMICS FOR MICRO AIR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS SE PROGRESS IN ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fixed, Flapping and Rotary Wing Aerodynamics at Very Low Reynolds Numbers CY JUN 05-07, 2000 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN SP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Univ Notre Dame, Coll Engn, Univ Notre Dame, Grad Sch, Res Div, Univ Notre Dame, Roth Gibson Endowment HO UNIV NOTRE DAME C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barrows, GL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 1-56347-517-0 J9 PROGR ASTRONAUT AERO PY 2002 VL 195 BP 557 EP 574 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BT49M UT WOS:000173139900026 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Goetz, PG Mahon, R Kazter, DS Ikossi-Anasatasiou, K Binari, S Meehan, TJ Ferraro, M Sokolsky, I Vasquez, JA Vilcheck, MJ AF Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Goetz, PG Mahon, R Kazter, DS Ikossi-Anasatasiou, K Binari, S Meehan, TJ Ferraro, M Sokolsky, I Vasquez, JA Vilcheck, MJ BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI InGaAs multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector for free space optical communications" SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging CY JUL 30-31, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE multiple quantum well; modulating retro-reflector; free space optical communication AB Modulating retro-reflectors provide a means for free space optical communication without the need for a laser, telescope or pointer tracker on one end of the link. These systems work by coupling a retro-reflector with an electro-optic shutter. The modulating retro-reflector is then interrogated by a cw laser beam from a conventional optical communications system and returns a modulated signal beam to the interrogator. Over the last few years the Naval Research Laboratory has developed modulating retro-reflector based on corner cubes and large area Transmissive InGaAs multiple quantum well modulators. These devices can allow optical links at speeds up to about 10 Mbps. We will discuss the critical performance characteristics of such systems including modulating rate, power consumption, optical contrast ratio and operating wavelength. In addition a new modulating retro-reflector architecture based upon cat s eye retroreflectors will be discussed. This architecture has the possibility for data rates of hundreds of megabits per second at power consumptions below 100 mW. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4203-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4489 BP 190 EP 201 AR UNSP 4489-23 DI 10.1117/12.453228 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BU16A UT WOS:000175177000020 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Stell, M Mahon, R Goetz, PG Oh, E Vasquez, J Cochrell, K Lucke, R Mozersky, S AF Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Stell, M Mahon, R Goetz, PG Oh, E Vasquez, J Cochrell, K Lucke, R Mozersky, S BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Real time video transfer using multiple quantum well retromodulators SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE MQW retromodulators; modulating retroreflector(s); retromodulators; cat's eye; retromodulator; free-space optical communications AB This paper is an update in the progress of the development of NRL's Multiple Quantum Well retromodulators for compact, low power communications. We report results for data-in-flight on a small, unmanned aerial vehicle at up to 5 Mbps, in preparation for real-time video transfer using an array of devices. This data was taken at Chesapeake Bay Detachment. We also report transference of color video using wavelet compression at 15 and 30 frames per second, at 4 to 6 Mbps in lab, at eye safe intensity levels. The unit is a cornercube modulator using a 980 rim shutter. A five-element array was used for the data-in-flight. First results of our 1550 nm devices are also presented as is progress in a "Cats Eye Retromodulator". C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.465907 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300016 ER PT S AU Vilcheck, MJ Reed, AE Burris, HR Scharpf, WJ Moore, C Suite, MR AF Vilcheck, MJ Reed, AE Burris, HR Scharpf, WJ Moore, C Suite, MR BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Multiple methods ford measuring atmospheric turbulence SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE atmospheric turbulence; turbulence measurement AB Two methods of measuring atmospheric turbulence as it affects free space optical communications are presented. Each method yields a value of the structure constant of refractive index fluctuations, C-n(2). A scintillometer is used as the basis or "truth" for measurements taken by the first method by fitting data from the other instrument to the simultaneous scintillometer data. The,first method utilizes a device conceived at New Mexico Tech using microphones to measure a pressure differential (see reference 3). This device was altered to provide both pressure and temperature measurements at two points separated by a specific distance. A thermocouple was added beside each microphone to provide temperature data, and the data collection method was altered. The device currently measures two pressure and temperature gradients. Also, the Naval Research Laboratory conducted the first efforts to quantify and calibrate the data collected by the device. Second, measurements are made from the angle of arrival of light from a laser transmitted across 16.4 km of the Chesapeake Bay. The variance of the angle of arrival over time is obtained from the variance of the centroid location of the focused light on a position-sensing detector. The same measurement is made over the same path using a halogen spotlight, a CCD camera, and a video tracker. The angle of arrival variance is used to calculate C-n(2). The microphone/thermocouple apparatus took measurements over land alongside the scintillometer. Results from both methods are provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vilcheck, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1117/12.450631 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300031 ER PT S AU Moore, CI Burris, HR Suite, MR Stell, MF Vilcheck, MJ Davis, MA Smith, R Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Koplow, J Moore, SW Scharpf, WJ Reed, AE AF Moore, CI Burris, HR Suite, MR Stell, MF Vilcheck, MJ Davis, MA Smith, R Mahon, R Rabinovich, WS Koplow, J Moore, SW Scharpf, WJ Reed, AE BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Free-space high-speed laser communication link across the Chesapeake Bay SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE laser communications; free-space lasercomm; scintillation; bit error rate AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has established a free-space laser communication link across 16.2 km of the Chesapeake Bay between the Chesapeake Bay Detachment of NRL and Tilghman Island. The transmitter consists of a modulated 1550 run oscillator amplified to 2 watts in an erbium doped fiber amplifier developed at NRL. The beam is fiber coupled to a 4 inch collimating lens on a remotely controllable gimbal mount. The beam is transmitted to a retro-reflector array at Tilgham Island and back to the receiver at CBD (32.4 kin round trip). The receiver consists of a 16" Meade telescope either directly or fiber coupled to a variety of fast photo-detectors. Experiments have been conducted to study the stability and quality of the link. These include: bit-error rate measurements, probability density functions, power spectrum densities, and angle of arrival measurements of the received signal. Results of these experiments are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Naval Ctr Space Technol, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1117/12.451462 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300048 ER PT J AU Witney, AA Anthony, RM Jones, TR Carucci, DJ AF Witney, AA Anthony, RM Jones, TR Carucci, DJ TI Plasmodium falciparum DNA microarrays and interpretation of data SO FUNCTIONAL MICROBIAL GENOMICS SE METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENE-EXPRESSION C1 USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Witney, AA (reprint author), St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, England. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0580-9517 J9 METHOD MICROBIOL PY 2002 VL 33 BP 371 EP 382 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BW02K UT WOS:000180664500019 ER PT S AU Halilov, SV Fornari, A Singh, DJ AF Halilov, SV Fornari, A Singh, DJ BE Cohen, RE TI Some trends in the lattice instabilities of Pb(ZrTi)O-3 and (Cd,Pb)TiO3 alloys SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2002 Workshop CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USN, Off Naval Res, Carnegie Inst Washington ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ANTIFERROELECTRIC PBZRO3; PB(ZR1-XTIX)O-3 ALLOYS; FERROELECTRIC PHASE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; PBTIO3; PBZR1-XTIXO3; CDO AB The connections between the lattice instabilities that underlie the piezoelectric properties of Pb(ZrTi)O-3 (PZT) and chemical variables are discussed using results from first principles calculations. Based on this understanding, aspects of the electronic structure and chemistry that are favorable for better piezoelectric performance are discussed. As a first step towards designing new materials based on this type of information, we investigate the CdTiO3 - PbTiO3 system. This material was selected based on consideration of some of the trends identified from first principles studies of PZT. Preliminary results for the end-point compounds and supercells indicate that if this material can made, it may have properties superior to PZT, particularly for high strain actuation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Halilov, SV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0079-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 626 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV06A UT WOS:000177721700001 ER PT J AU Bodner, SE Colombant, DG Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Lehmberg, RH Obenschain, SP AF Bodner, SE Colombant, DG Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Lehmberg, RH Obenschain, SP TI Overview of new high gain target design for a laser fusion power plant SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion Energy Targets and Chambers CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP IAEA Tech Comm DE laser fusion; target design; power plant ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FACILITY; GROWTH; NIKE AB We have developed a new direct-drive target design that has a predicted energy gain of 127 using a 1.3 MJ KrF laser, and a gain of 155 using 3.1 MJ. The DT fuel is surrounded by an ablator consisting of a low density CH foam filled with frozen DT. The ablator is then surrounded by a thin CH coating and a very thin high-Z overcoat. The energy gain of 127-155 is possible through the use of (1) direct-drive laser-target coupling; (2) controlled levels of radiative preheating that keeps the DT fuel on a low isentrope (3) a short 1/4 mum laser wavelength for maximum absorption and rocket efficiencies; (4) reduction of the laser beam focal spot size during the implosion (zooming) so that the focal spot size better matches the imploding target size; and (5) ISI optical smoothing to minimize the laser nonuniformities at both high and low mode numbers. In addition to its high energy gain, this target design has several other attractive features: a low target fabrication cost; the potential for a modest-size 300 MWe power plant; the physical strength to withstand the acceleration into the chamber; and a high infrared albedo to better protect the target from preheating during the injection into the chamber. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bodner, SE (reprint author), 689 Fearrington Post, Pittsboro, NC 27312 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00600-7 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 515LM UT WOS:000173497400011 ER PT S AU Kiselyov, O AF Kiselyov, O BE Batory, DS Consel, C Taha, W TI Macros that compose: Systematic macro programming SO GENERATIVE PROGRAMMING AND COMPONENT ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Generative Programming and Component Engineering CY OCT 06-08, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP ACM SIGPLAN, SIGSOFT, Natl Sci Fdn, Sun Microsyst, Avaya Labs AB Macros are often regarded as a sort of black magic: highly useful yet abstruse. The present paper aims to make macro programming more like a craft. Using R5RS Scheme macros as an example, we develop and present a general practical methodology of building complex macros systematically, by combining simpler components by functional composition or higher-order operators. Macro programming is complex because the systematic approach does not apply to many macros. We show that macros and other head-first normal-order re-writing systems generally lack functional composition. However, macros written in a continuation-passing style (CPS) always compose. Making CPS macros practical still requires an encoding for macro-continuations. We have found this missing piece, with an insight for anonymous macro-level abstractions. In the specific case of R5RS macros, this paper presents a stronger result: developing R5RS macros by a translation from the corresponding Scheme procedures. We demonstrate the practical use of the technique by elaborating a real-world example. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kiselyov, O (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Software Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM oleg@pobox.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44284-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2487 BP 202 EP 217 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY38R UT WOS:000189149400013 ER PT J AU Garces, M Drob, DP Picone, JM AF Garces, M Drob, DP Picone, JM TI A theoretical study of the effect of geomagnetic fluctuations and solar tides on the propagation of infrasonic waves in the upper atmosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheres; guided waves; infrasound; traveltime; wave propagation ID THERMOSPHERE AB Propagating infrasonic waves are sensitive to changes in the atmospheric conditions. A theoretical acoustic wave propagation model is integrated with time-varying atmospheric models to investigate in more detail the effects of mesospheric and lower thermospheric variability on the propagation of infrasonic waves. We focus on the effects of the solar tides and geomagnetic perturbations on acoustic propagation in Alaska during winter of 1989-90., which corresponds to a period of solar maximum. Solar-driven tides are the strongest source of variability in mesospheric and lower thermospheric winds. These tides can alter the direction and magnitude of azimuth deviations. as well as the turning heights of ducted waves. Geomagnetic changes generally depress the turning heights of rays by increasing the thermospheric temperatures, and may either improve or deteriorate the azimuth deviations according to whether the geomagnetic-induced winds act with or against the tidal-induced winds. Observed arrivals with a low apparent horizontal phase velocity may be refracted in the thermosphere or the stratosphere. Unless the source epicentre and origin time are known. unambiguous phase identification can only be produced with knowledge of the stratospheric winds. C1 Infrasound Lab, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Garces, M (reprint author), Infrasound Lab, 73-4460 Queen Kaaluananu Hwy 119, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 148 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1046/j.0956-540x.2001.01563.x PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 515BA UT WOS:000173474500005 ER PT B AU Echard, R Chang, SC AF Echard, R Chang, SC GP IEEE IEEE TI Irregular pi-rotation LDPC codes SO GLOBECOM'02: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE RECORDS: THE WORLD CONVERGES SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 02) CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP IEEE, ICC GLOBECOM ID PARITY-CHECK CODES; SHANNON LIMIT; DENSITY; CAPACITY; DESIGN AB In this paper we present irregular pi-rotation LDPC codes by extending the classic pi-rotation parity check matrix to allow irregular column weight and choice of many code rates. The irregular pi-rotation codes are defined with a small set of parameters providing the exact definition of the code with its performance. The encoding circuit is based on the original pi-rotation design and thus users have the choice of using regular or irregular matrix patterns and various code rates without changing the encoding circuitry. We compare the performance of the irregular pi-rotation code against the binary Shannon limit for several rates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Echard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7632-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2002 BP 1274 EP 1278 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BW47W UT WOS:000182118500253 ER PT S AU Wang, YM AF Wang, YM BE BelyDubau, F TI The dynamical nature of the coronal streamer belt SO HEATING AND ENERGETICS OF THE SOLAR CORONA AND SOLAR WIND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT E2 1-D2 3 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, MASSACHUSETTS SP CNES, European Space Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Comm Space Res C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7672 W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 491 EP 491 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00323-X DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00323-X PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV25S UT WOS:000178339400011 ER PT S AU Yoshimori, M Suga, K Nakayama, S Takeda, H Ogawa, H Murphy, RJ Share, GH AF Yoshimori, M Suga, K Nakayama, S Takeda, H Ogawa, H Murphy, RJ Share, GH BE BelyDubau, F TI Gamma rays and neutrons from a large solar flare on November 6, 1997 SO HEATING AND ENERGETICS OF THE SOLAR CORONA AND SOLAR WIND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 1-D2 3 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, MASSACHUSETTS SP CNES, European Space Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Comm Space Res ID SPECTROSCOPY; ABUNDANCES; PARTICLES; EMISSION AB Yohkoh observed a large solar flare (X9/2B) on November 6, 1997. The flare showed strong gamma-ray emission between 11:52 and 11:56 UT (peak phase) and several gamma-ray lines were detected. After 11:56 UT a weak and extended gamma-ray emission was measured. The ratio of Mg+Si+Fe to C+O+Ne line fluxes was enhanced by a factor of about three in the extended phase. The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on board the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) detected significant neutrons associated with the flare between 12:08 and 12:30 UT. The observed neutron count-rate time profile suggests that neutrons originated in interactions that occurred in both peak and extended phases. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yoshimori, M (reprint author), Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 629 EP 634 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00354-X DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00354-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV25S UT WOS:000178339400036 ER PT S AU Hart, CL Fechtig, SD AF Hart, CL Fechtig, SD BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Helmet mounted display as a primary flight reference SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays VII CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB As a cockpit display medium, HMDs have unique characteristics that must be considered when integrating these systems into aircraft. Two primary advantages of HMDs are that they display information directly in the pilot's line of sight and they allow for off-boresight cueing and targeting of weapon systems. It is important to note that these two advantages of HMDs can also be viewed as two disadvantages. Because HMD symbology is displayed in the pilot's line of sight, the display can obscure the out-the-window scene. There is also anecdotal evidence that off-boresight targeting information presented in a HMD may cause pilot fixation, leading to reduced situational awareness. HMDs offer capabilities never before available in any type of cockpit display device - specifically, the ability to present an egocentric, augmented reality display presentation throughout the full field of regard of the pilot's natural vision. Capitalizing on the unique capabilities of helmet mounted displays will provide increased spatial and situational awareness throughout all regimes of flight, especially in low visibility or high workload conditions. During this effort, Navy and Boeing team members developed several operational helmet-mounted display (HMD) symbology formats that fulfilled the primary flight reference (PFR) requirements. Team members down-selected a set of concepts for evaluation in a flight simulator. These concepts were integrated and evaluated using pilot-in-the-loop simulations in the Crewstation Technology Laboratory (CTL) at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division in Patuxent River, MD. This paper details the first series of evaluations on these formats. Additional evaluations will be performed on the second iteration of the formats during in the summer of 2002. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Hart, CL (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4461-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4711 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1117/12.490266 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18C UT WOS:000178074000035 ER PT J AU Gopi, HN Roy, RS Raghothama, SR Karle, IL Balaram, P AF Gopi, HN Roy, RS Raghothama, SR Karle, IL Balaram, P TI beta-hairpins generated from hybrid peptide sequences containing both alpha- and beta-amino acids SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HELICAL SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PROTEINOGENIC SIDE-CHAINS; CONFORMATIONS; DERIVATIVES; FOLDAMERS; RESIDUES; RECEPTOR; SEGMENT; DESIGN; TURNS AB The incorporation of the P-amino acid residues into specific positions in the strands and U-turn segments of peptide hairpins is being systematically explored. The presence of an additional torsion variable about the C(alpha)-C(beta) bond (theta) enhances the conformational repertoire in beta-residues. The conformational analysis of three designed peptide hairpins composed of alpha/beta-hybrid segments is described: Boc-Leu-Val-Val-(D)Pro-betaPhe-Leu-Val-Val-OMe (1), Boc-Leu-Vil-betaVal-(D)Pro-Gly-betaLeu-Val-Val-OMe (2). and Boc-Lcu-Val-betaPhe-Val-(D)Pro-Gly-Leu-betaPhe-Val-Val-OMe (3). 500-MHz H-1-NMR Analysis supports a preponderance of beta-hairpin conformation in solution for all three peptides, with critical cross-strand NOEs providing evidence for the proposed structures. The crystal structure of peptide 2 reveals a beta-hairpin conformation with two beta-residues occupying facing, non-H-bonded positions in antiparallel beta-strands. Notably, betaVal(3) adopts a gauche conformation about the C(alpha)-C(beta) bond (theta = + 65degrees) without disturbing cross-strand H-bonding. The crystal structure of 2, together with previously published crystal structures of peptides 3 and Boc-Phe-betaPhe-(D)Pro-Gly-betaPhe-betaPhe-OMe, provide an opportunity to visualize the packing of peptide sheets with local 'polar segments' formed as a consequence of reversal peptide-bond orientation. The available structural evidence for hairpins suggests that beta-residues can be accommodated into nucleating turn segments and into both the H-bonding and non-H-bonding positions on the strands. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Sophisticated Instruments Fac, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Balaram, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM pb@mbu.iisc.ernet.in NR 38 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2002 VL 85 IS 10 BP 3313 EP 3330 DI 10.1002/1522-2675(200210)85:10<3313::AID-HLCA3313>3.0.CO;2-P PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 614XE UT WOS:000179216100024 ER PT S AU Calame, JP Garven, M Danly, BG Levush, B Nguyen, KT AF Calame, JP Garven, M Danly, BG Levush, B Nguyen, KT BE Carlsten, BE TI Interaction circuits for high average power gyro-TWTs based on monolithic lossy ceramics SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div ID AMPLIFIER AB Techniques for providing controlled loading of the TE01 operating mode of a 35 GHz, gyro-traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) using monolithic, lossy ceramic structures are presented. The loading scheme, which also suppresses spurious backward-wave oscillations in the TE11, TE21, and TE02 modes, is based on a sequence of alternating ceramic cylindrical shells and metal rings that surround the beam tunnel. In this paper, we present design techniques for achieving optimal performance in this type of structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100015 ER PT S AU Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I AF Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I BE Brebbia, CA DeWilde, WP TI Detecting parametric changes in structures using resonant chaos SO HIGH PERFORMANCE STRUCTURES AND COMPOSITES SE HIGH PERFORMANCE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Structures and Composite Materials CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol ID DYNAMICS; PENDULUM; SYSTEM AB We present a technique for the detection of small adiabatic parameter changes in continuum mechanical structures. The technique relies on inducing chaos in general structures via an external oscillator, and measuring an appropriate time series in controlled and changed states. By exciting chaos at resonance, the dynamics naturally samples the structure at many wavelengths, and affords an excellent diagnostic tool for the detection of structural changes prior to damage onset. By using an embedding theory of time series, full phase space pictures resulting from changes in internal as well as external parameters may be detected. Two techniques are presented for comparison: A model based approach to detection, and a fully realizable time series method of detection. The theory behind the methods will be sketched, and illustrated with examples from continuum mechanics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Special Projects Nonlinear Sci, Code 6700-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1469-0071 BN 1-85312-904-6 J9 HI PER STRUCT MAT PY 2002 VL 4 BP 523 EP 532 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BU36P UT WOS:000175780100052 ER PT B AU Swider-Lyons, KE AF Swider-Lyons, KE BE Singhal, SC TI Mixed-conducting oxides in electrochemical power sources SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Materials CY MAY 13-15, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; HYDROUS RUTHENIUM OXIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; FUEL-CELLS; DIOXIDE; ELECTROCATALYSTS; CATALYST; AEROGELS; TITANIA; ALLOYS AB Professor Wayne Worrell recognized that the design of mixed-conducting oxides with engineered electrical properties is critical to the advancement of electrochemical power sources. Professor Worrell and I explored mixed conductors as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes by investigating the electronic conduction mechanism in the mixed oxygen-ion and n-type conductor, yttria-stabilized zirconia with titania. The research inspired several of my subsequent research projects at the Naval Research Laboratory, for instance on the mixed proton-metallic conductor, hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2.xH(2)O), for use in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and pseudocapacitors. By optimizing the electrical transport properties of composites of hydrous transition-metal oxides and platinum, new mixed-conducting cathode electrocatalysts are being created for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swider-Lyons, KE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6171, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-371-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 5 BP 124 EP 131 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW03B UT WOS:000180671700015 ER PT S AU Johnston, KJ AF Johnston, KJ BE Rickman, H TI Summary of joint discussion 2, "models and constants for sub-microarcsecond astrometry" SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 12 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Johnston, KJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-086-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 VL 12 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV30K UT WOS:000178493500024 ER PT S AU McCarthy, DD AF McCarthy, DD BE Rickman, H TI Comparison of nutation theories SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 12 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID RIGID-EARTH; ROTATION AB Analyses of residuals between VLBI observations and combinations of nutation series show that the MHB 2000 nonrigid-Earth nutation model applied to the REN 2000 rigid-Earth model results in the best fit, and that amplitudes of any possible periodic terms remaining in the observed corrections to the MHB2000 theory could be expected to be less than 0.1 mas. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP McCarthy, DD (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-086-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 VL 12 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV30K UT WOS:000178493500029 ER PT S AU McCarthy, DD AF McCarthy, DD BE Rickman, H TI Earth orientation since AD 1600 SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 12 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union AB Past endeavors in the field of Earth orientation have provided both service to astronomical users of the data and insight into the physical processes of the planet Earth. Since the study of Earth orientation has required a wide geographic distribution of astronomical observing sites, it has been an area of research that has depended heavily on international cooperation over long intervals of time. Recently, IAU Colloquium 178 pointed out that the need exists to find and collect observations that may have been made before the establishment of the current operational services. Reanalysis of such data could be important in our understanding of the physical processes affecting the Earth. All of these observations need to be analyzed in one system consistent with current definitions and conventions. The history of available observations is reviewed along with the contributions that have been made possible using these data. Possible sources for additional data are suggested. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP McCarthy, DD (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-086-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 VL 12 BP 342 EP 345 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV30K UT WOS:000178493500095 ER PT S AU Balachandran, SC Carr, JS Carney, BW AF Balachandran, SC Carr, JS Carney, BW BE Rickman, H TI Oxygen abundances from infrared OH lines SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 12 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID METAL-POOR STARS AB Oxygen abundances are derived from IR-OH lines and compared to published results from UV-OH lines. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Balachandran, SC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-086-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 VL 12 BP 420 EP 422 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV30K UT WOS:000178493500120 ER PT S AU Schwartz, PR AF Schwartz, PR BE MacEwen, HA TI Looking down: Large microwave apertures for meteorological and oceanographic remote sensing SO HIGHLY INNOVATIVE SPACE TELESCOPE CONCEPTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Highly Innovative Space Telescope Concepts CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE remote sensing; meteorology; oceangraphy AB The design strategy for environmental satellite constellations relies upon low orbiting satellites to provide global, high-resolution synoptic data and geostationary satellites to provide continuous observations of rapidly evolving local events. The latter category includes storm systems and, with the advent of cloud-track and water vapor winds, winds aloft. This division of labor is an architectural convenience for visual and infrared sensors but a necessity for microwave sensors. In fact, the typical ground resolution of microwave sensors on low orbiters is barely acceptable. Unfortunately, microwave sensors are preferable to visual and infrared systems for many applications including sea-surface temperature and wind measurement and the only viable method for remotely sensing sea surface salinity. Microwave sensors are also preferable for some atmospheric sounding applications because they are relatively insensitive to cloud cover. The most important cases where microwave sensors are preferred, those related to diagnosing the evolution of severe storm activity, require the highest spatial resolution and are best done with geostationary satellites. In particular, microwave sounding would be an ideal capability for a geostationary weather satellite. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4628-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4849 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.460756 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV96Y UT WOS:000180549200005 ER PT S AU Bashkansky, M Lucke, RL Funk, E Reintjes, J Rickard, LJ AF Bashkansky, M Lucke, RL Funk, E Reintjes, J Rickard, LJ BE MacEwen, HA TI Synthetic aperture imaging at 1.5 mu: Laboratory demonstration and potential application to planet surface studies SO HIGHLY INNOVATIVE SPACE TELESCOPE CONCEPTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Highly Innovative Space Telescope Concepts CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE synthetic aperture ladar ID RADAR AB Two-dimensional imaging with synthetic aperture ladar (SAL) has been demonstrated in the laboratory. The method is entirely analogous to scan-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which was used on the Magellan mission to Venus, but with 10(4-5) times shorter wavelength has the potential for much better resolution. The laboratory experiment is described and the theoretical limits placed on SNR by the combination of photon statistics and laser speckle are stated. SAL's limitations of small ground footrpint size and SNR < 1 for single-look imagery can be alleviated by multiple images and mosaicking of scenes. Design equations are given that show what hardware capabilities are needed to implement a desired system. They show that a 10 mu SAL in orbit around Mars can give centimeter-class resolution with reasonable laser power (less than or equal to 100 wt). Major engineering development hurdles must be overcome before any such system can be built. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4628-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4849 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1117/12.460767 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV96Y UT WOS:000180549200006 ER PT J AU Baudry, M Berger, T Thompson, R Davis, J AF Baudry, M Berger, T Thompson, R Davis, J TI Special issue on recent developments in hippocampal plasticity - Preface SO HIPPOCAMPUS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEMORY C1 Univ So Calif, Program Neurosci, Los Angeles, CA USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Baudry, M (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Program Neurosci, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1050-9631 J9 HIPPOCAMPUS JI Hippocampus PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 567 EP 569 DI 10.1002/hipo.10094 PG 3 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 611BF UT WOS:000178996000001 ER PT J AU Guardala, NA Price, JL Barkyoumb, JH AF Guardala, NA Price, JL Barkyoumb, JH TI Preparation and de-excitation measurements of Lu-177m using fast neutrons SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd AFOSR Isomer Workshop held in conjunction with the 24th International Conference on LASERS 01 CY DEC, 2001 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE triggered isomer decay; fast neutron; production; de-excitation studies ID ISOMER AB The t(1/2) = 160.4 d isomer Lu-177m has many attractive features related to inducing gamma-ray decay to the ground state of the t(1/2) = 6.4 d Lu-177. Also, as opposed to other isomers it maybe possible to produce it in quantities without the need for extravagant or costly methods. An experimental approach is outlined for both studies using fast neutron inelastic scattering and short-pulse bremsstrahlung radiation to produce the rapid release of gamma rays from this isomer. Furthermore, cross sections for production of the isomer using fast neutrons with energies between 10 - 500 keV will also be studied. C1 USN, Posit Ion Accelerator Facil, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Guardala, NA (reprint author), USN, Posit Ion Accelerator Facil, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1024060912789 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 688QZ UT WOS:000183448500008 ER PT B AU Sprague, JA Montalenti, F Voter, AF AF Sprague, J. A. Montalenti, F. Voter, A. F. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Growth of Cu on Ag (001) at experimental deposition rates using TAD SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE molecular dynamics; surface diffusion; thin films; copper; silver ID ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; FILMS AB The initial stages of growth of (001) Cu films on (001) Ag substrates have been investigated using the temperature accelerated dynamics (TAD) method. The acceleration provided by this method made it possible to simulate the deposition of Cu on (001) Ag at 77 K using a deposition rate of 0.04 ML/s, which matched previously reported experiments of Egelhoff and Jacob. These simulations were achieved without a priori knowledge of the significant atomic processes. The present TAD simulation results showed that the increased lattice parameter in the film plane of the pseudomorphic Cu reduces the activation energy for the exchange mode of surface diffusion, allowing the formation of compact Cu islands at 77 K. Furthermore, the TAD simulations showed that the in-plane lattice expansion promoted some complex surface diffusion processes. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sprague, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6370, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM afv@lanl.gov RI Montalenti, Francesco/A-7738-2010 OI Montalenti, Francesco/0000-0001-7854-8269 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 152 EP 155 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600042 ER PT B AU Weaver, BD Aifer, EH AF Weaver, B. D. Aifer, E. H. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Effects of disorder in reduced dimensional and quantum electronics SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE nanoelectronics; radiation; HEMT; RTD ID RESONANT-TUNNELING DIODES; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; FILMS AB We discuss the effect of atomic disorder on electronic systems that operate in either reduced dimension or by quantum-mechanical transport. Systems include high electron mobility transistors, tunnel diodes, superconductors, multiquantum well infrared and ultraviolet detectors, and superlattice devices. In most cases, quantum mechanics and/or reduced dimension produces an unconventional response to disorder, rendering some devices more sensitive to disorder, and other devices more tolerant. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weaver, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6818,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weaver1@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; aifer@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 310 EP 313 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600084 ER PT B AU Szu, H AF Szu, H BE Wang, L Rajapakse, JC Fukushima, K Lee, SY Yao, X TI Unsupervised learning by energy-spectral-ICA: from tanks to tumors SO ICONIP'02: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING: COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR THE E-AGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing CY NOV 18-22, 2002 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Asia Pacific Neural Network Assembly, Singapore Neurosci Assoc, SEAL & FSKD Conf Steering Comm, Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Electr Engn C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Szu, H (reprint author), 9402 Wildoak Dr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV PI SINGAPORE PA NANYANG AVENUE, SINGAPORE 639815, SINGAPORE BN 981-04-7524-1 PY 2002 BP 1757 EP 1758 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW69E UT WOS:000182832400358 ER PT B AU Szu, H AF Szu, H BE Wang, L Rajapakse, JC Fukushima, K Lee, SY Yao, X TI Unsupervised classiefication by spectral ICA SO ICONIP'02: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING: COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR THE E-AGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing CY NOV 18-22, 2002 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Asia Pacific Neural Network Assembly, Singapore Neurosci Assoc, SEAL & FSKD Conf Steering Comm, Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Electr Engn ID SUPERRESOLUTION AB The "unsupervised classification" is defined that the information required to do so must be learned and derived directly and solely from the data alone, in consistent with the classical definition "unlabelled data" ATR by Duda and Hart. Such a truly unsupervised methodology is presented for space-variant imaging for breast cancer detections by means of spectral-ICA methodology rather by spatial-ICA for space-invariant imaging. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV PI SINGAPORE PA NANYANG AVENUE, SINGAPORE 639815, SINGAPORE BN 981-04-7524-1 PY 2002 BP 1760 EP 1765 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW69E UT WOS:000182832400360 ER PT B AU Puett, J AF Puett, J GP ACM ACM TI Holistic framework for establishing interoperability of heterogeneous software development tools and models SO ICSE 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Software Engineering CY MAY 19-25, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Mach, ACM SIGSOFT, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, ACM SIGPLAN, Sociedad Argentina Informat Invest Operat AB This research is an initial investigation into the development of a Holistic Framework for Software Engineering (HFSE) that establishes mechanisms by which existing software development tools and models will intemperate. The HFSE captures and uses dependency relationships among heterogeneous software development artifacts, the results of which can be used by software engineers to improve software processes and product integrity. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Puett, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer St, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-472-X PY 2002 BP 729 EP 730 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU68K UT WOS:000176704400108 ER PT S AU Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A AF Wieselthier, JE Nguyen, GD Ephremides, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Energy-limited wireless networking with directional antennas: The case of session-based multicasting SO IEEE INFOCOM 2002: THE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INFOCOM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE-Computer-and-Communications-Societies CY JUN 23-27, 2002 CL NEW YORK, NY SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Communicat Soc AB We consider ad hoe wireless networks that use directional antennas and have limited energy resources. The performance objectives of such networks depend largely on the application. However, a robust performance measure is the total traffic volume that the network can deliver when all nodes are equipped with a finite and non-renewable amount of energy. We show that the network's lifetime can be extended significantly by incorporating a simple measure of a node's residual energy into the node's cost function. To explore quantitatively the advantage offered by the use of directional antennas over the case of omnidirectional antennas, we consider the case of connection-oriented multicast traffic. Building upon our prior work on multicasting algorithms, we introduce two protocols that exploit the use of directional antennas and evaluate their performance. We observe significant improvement with respect to the omnidirectional case case. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wieselthier, JE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 0-7803-7476-2 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2002 BP 190 EP 199 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV20G UT WOS:000178147300021 ER PT J AU Badiey, M Mu, Y Lynch, J Apel, J Wolf, S AF Badiey, M Mu, Y Lynch, J Apel, J Wolf, S TI Temporal and azimuthal dependence of sound propagation in shallow water with internal waves SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE broadband acoustic wave propagation; internal waves; shallow water; temporal and azimuthal variability ID SCATTERING EXPERIMENT; SEA; STATISTICS AB The short time scale (minutes) and azimuthal dependence of sound wave propagation in shallow water regions due to internal waves is examined. Results from the shallow water acoustics in random media (SWARM-95) experiment are presented that reflect these dependencies. Time-dependent internal waves are modeled using the dnoidal solution to the nonlinear internal wave equations, so that the effects of both temporal and spatial variability can be assessed. A full wave parabolic equation (PE) model is used to simulate broadband acoustic propagation. It is shown that the short term temporal variability and the azimuthal dependence of the sound field are strongly correlated to the internal wave field. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Badiey, M (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Badiey, Mohsen/H-3943-2012 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 117 EP 129 AR PII S0364-9059(02)00694-5 DI 10.1109/48.989898 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 531WJ UT WOS:000174440000013 ER PT B AU Magno, R Bennett, BR Ikossi, K Ancona, MG Glaser, ER Papanicolaou, N Boos, JB Shanabrook, BV Gutierrez, A AF Magno, R Bennett, BR Ikossi, K Ancona, MG Glaser, ER Papanicolaou, N Boos, JB Shanabrook, BV Gutierrez, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Antimony-based quaternary alloys for high-speed low-power electronic devices SO IEEE LESTER EASTMAN CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DEVICES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Lester Eastman Conference on High Performance Devices CY AUG 06-08, 2002 CL UNIV DELAWARE, NEWARK, DE SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, Off Naval Res, AF Off Sci Res, Aixtron Corp HO UNIV DELAWARE ID 3.5 MU-M; LOW-VOLTAGE; OPERATION; GROWTH; GASB AB Heterojunction bipolar transistors using InzGa1-zSb for the base and InxAl1-xAsySb1-y alloys for the collector and emitter have been explored. Modeling of the DC current-voltage characteristics indicate that current gain in excess of 500 may be obtained. The calculations show that the gain is a function of the base-collector conduction band offset. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) procedures for growing suitable alloys with a 6.2 Angstrom lattice constant are under development. Double crystal X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, Hall effect, and atomic force microscopy have been used to determine the quality of the materials grown. To minimize stress-induced defects, the InxAl1-xAsySb1-y alloys were grown on undoped GaSb substrates with an AlSb buffer layer. The photoluminescence data indicate that good quality InxAl1-xAsySb1-y (x=0.52 and y=0.3) with a band gap near 1 eV, is obtained using growth temperatures between 350 and 400 degreesC. Superior surface morphology is also found for growths in this temperature range. Te has been used to dope InxAl1-xAsySb1-y n-type in the 10(17) cm(-3) range. Good diode characteristics with an ideality factor of 1.1 have been obtained for InxAl1-xAsySbl-y p-n junctions grown using Te for the n-type dopant and Be for the p-type. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7478-9 PY 2002 BP 288 EP 296 DI 10.1109/LECHPD.2002.1146766 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV65M UT WOS:000179659100042 ER PT J AU Stein, DWJ Beaven, SG Hoff, LE Winter, EM Schaum, AP Stocker, AD AF Stein, DWJ Beaven, SG Hoff, LE Winter, EM Schaum, AP Stocker, AD TI Anomaly detection from hyperspectral imagery SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TARGET DETECTION; MULTIBAND IMAGERY; AIRBORNE; RECOGNITION; ALGORITHM; SENSOR; MODELS C1 SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Space Comp Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Stein, DWJ (reprint author), SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RI Magazine, Signal Processing/E-9947-2015 NR 40 TC 271 Z9 289 U1 4 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-5888 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG JI IEEE Signal Process. Mag. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 58 EP 69 DI 10.1109/79.974730 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 508CQ UT WOS:000173070000007 ER PT J AU Posner, FL AF Posner, FL TI Spiky sea clutter at high range resolutions and very low grazing angles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AFFECTING MICROWAVE BACKSCATTER; COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; RADAR CLUTTER; SURFACE-WAVES; OCEAN SURFACE; X-BAND; SCATTERING; WIND; STATISTICS; DEPENDENCE AB X-band (9.5-10.0 GHz) backscatter at near grazing incidence (0.2 deg) from the sea off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii, was measured with a radar characterized by a high spatial resolution in range (0.3 in) and a high temporal resolution (2000 Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF)). Extensive amounts (over 20 min per measurement) of vertically and horizontally polarized sea clutter data were taken with upwind (UP) and crosswind (CR) transmit geometries during the collection campaign. Specific but representative examples of the clutter were statistically and phenomenologically analyzed over time scales varying from long (200 s), to intermediate (5 s), to short (50 ins), and over range swaths varying from full (160 in), to partial (30 in), to a single range cell (0.3 in). All analyses and results presented here are noncoherent, involving only the clutter amplitudes. Each type of clutter exhibited the characteristic spiky behavior which has come to be expected from microwave sea backscatter observed at low grazing angles and high range resolutions, while showing, between themselves, marked transmit geometry and polarization dependent contrasts, with the horizontally polarized clutter, measured with an UP transmit geometry, being especially notable for its frequently occurring, significant high frequency spectral content. Within the same clutter type, differences were observed in the probability distributions of radar cross sections (RCS) of spatially and temporally extended spiking events. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Posner, FL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radar Div, Code 5313 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 58 EP 73 DI 10.1109/7.993229 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 531KE UT WOS:000174413900006 ER PT J AU Purdy, DS AF Purdy, DS TI Comments on "Receiver antenna scan rate requirements needed to implement pulse chasing in a bistatic radar receiver" - Author's reply SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Purdy, DS (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 312,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 531KE UT WOS:000174413900028 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Schuler, DL Ainsworth, TL Krogager, E Kasilingam, D Boerner, WM AF Lee, JS Schuler, DL Ainsworth, TL Krogager, E Kasilingam, D Boerner, WM TI On the estimation of radar polarization orientation shifts induced by terrain slopes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA; COMPENSATION; SCATTERING; SIGNATURES; SYMMETRY AB In recent studies, Schuler et al. [4] applied polarimetric imaging radar-derived orientation angles to measure topography, and Lee et al. [2] used orientation angles for polarimetric SAR data compensation, to ensure accurate estimation of geophysical parameters in rugged terrain areas. To support these applications, it is important to accurately estimate shifts in orientation angles induced by the azimuth slope variations. However, in many cases, inconsistency in the estimation of orientation angle shifts was encountered in several areas, introducing noisy and erroneous results. In this paper, we develop a unified analysis of estimation algorithms based on the circular polarization covariance matrix. The concept of reflection symmetry is used to explain the soundness of the circular polarization method and to show problems associated with other algorithms. L-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of Camp Roberts, CA, are used to substantiate this theory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Def Res Estab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 118 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1109/36.981347 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 517VY UT WOS:000173632200004 ER PT J AU Rowe, NC AF Rowe, NC TI Finding and labeling the subject of a captioned depictive natural photograph SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE information retrieval; multimedia; caption; subject; photograph; image processing; segmentation; background; natural-language understanding; depiction ID SEGMENTATION; RETRIEVAL; IMAGES AB We address the problem of finding the subject of a photographic image intended to illustrate some physical object or objects ("depictive") and taken by usual optical means without magnification ("natural"). This could help in developing digital image libraries since important image properties like subject size and color of a photograph are not usually mentioned in accompanying captions and can help rank the photograph retrievals for a user. We explore an approach that identifies the "visual focus" of the image and the "depicted concepts" in a caption and connects them. The visual focus is determined by using eight domain-independent characteristics of regions in the segmented image, and the caption depiction is identified by a set a rules applied to the parsed and interpreted caption. The visual-focus determination also does combinatorial optimization on sets of regions to find the set that best satisfies focus criteria. Experiments on 100 randomly selected image-caption pairs show significant improvement in precision of retrieval over simpler methods, and, patcularly, emphasizes the value of segmentation of the image. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS Rp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 202 EP 207 DI 10.1109/69.979983 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 509LW UT WOS:000173150100015 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Dyadic Green's function modifications for obtaining attenuation in microstrip transmission layered structures with complex media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE attenuation constant; complex media; dyadic Green's function; microstrip; spectral-domain code ID DIELECTRIC LOSSES; CONDUCTOR LOSSES; LINES; COMPUTATION; THICKNESS; INTERCONNECTS; PROPAGATION AB Rigorous derivation of the correction to the Green's function for a microstrip structure containing complex layered media is done for imperfect metallization. A hierarchy of formulas is found consistent with a full-wave electromagnetic code employing zero-thickness extent conductors for the guiding structure metal. At the top of the hierarchy are formulas that utilize new Green's functions of the structure, whereas at the bottom are formulas that are only dependent on the conductor geometry and material properties. Numerical examples are provided to show the sensitivity of the propagation constant attenuation to those elegantly simple formulas at the bottom of the hierarchy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Code 6850-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM krowne@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1109/22.981255 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 517NQ UT WOS:000173617100022 ER PT J AU Kay, SM Gabriel, JR AF Kay, SM Gabriel, JR TI Optimal invariant detection of a sinusoid with unknown parameters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Fourier transforms; radar detection; signal detection; signal processing; sonar detection ID ARRAY AB A uniformly most-powerful test does not exist for the problem of detecting a sinusoid of unknown amplitude, phase, and frequency in complex white Gaussian noise of unknown variance. The problem is shown to be invariant to scale and modulation transformations. Using invariance principles, it is found that the uniformly most-powerful-invariant (UMPI) test does not exist. A test is derived that is UMPI if it is given that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is known. For SNR unknown, the derived test can be used as an upper performance bound for any invariant test. Suboptimal tests are typically implemented such as the generalized likelihood ratio and locally most powerful tests, which are also scale and modulation invariant. It is shown analytically that as SNR approaches zero, the locally most-powerful-invariant test performance approaches the UMPI performance bound, and as the SNR becomes large, the generalized likelihood ratio test performance approaches the performance of the UMPI bound. Computer simulation examples indicate that the generalized likelihood ratio test performance is close to the UMPI bound, particularly in the low-probability-of-false-alarm region of the receiver operating characteristic curve. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Combat Syst Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kay, SM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Elect Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1109/78.972479 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 504FQ UT WOS:000172847000003 ER PT S AU Zyda, M McGregor, D Brutzman, D Kapolka, A AF Zyda, M McGregor, D Brutzman, D Kapolka, A BE Loftin, B Chen, JX Rizzo, S Goebel, M Hirose, M TI A hands-on introduction to networked virtual environments SO IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY 2002, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Virtual Reality 2002 Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zyda, M (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, MOVES Inst, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7695-1492-8 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2002 BP 304 EP 304 DI 10.1109/VR.2002.996551 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU34J UT WOS:000175725500053 ER PT B AU Ainsworth, TL Cloude, SR Lee, JS AF Ainsworth, TL Cloude, SR Lee, JS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Eigenvector analysis of polarimetric SAR data SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Fully polarimetric SAR data analysis has found wide application for terrain classification, land-use, soil moisture and ground cover classification. New methods and algorithms continue to be developed and tested. One method that has gained great popularity is the Cloude-Pottier eigenvalue/eigenvector decomposition of coherency matrices [1]. The eigenvalue spectrum uniquely describes the scattering entropy, anisotropy and span (total power). The eigenvectors are employed in the calculation of averaged quantities. Typically though the eigenvector components have not been analyzed in much detail. Here we present a general analysis of the eigenvectors based on an earlier observation [2] that the eigenvectors may be parameterized by a set of rotations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ainsworth, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 626 EP 628 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800205 ER PT B AU Schuler, DL Kasilingam, D Lee, JS Jansen, RW De Grandi, G AF Schuler, DL Kasilingam, D Lee, JS Jansen, RW De Grandi, G GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Polarimetric SAR measurements of slope distribution and coherence changes due to internal waves and current fronts SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Studies have shown that polarimetric SAR may be used to measure terrain slopes and surface roughness [1,2]. These measurement concepts have been extended here to study slope distributions generated by surface manifestations of internal waves, as well as, by convergent current fronts. Measurements/modeling of these ocean features are generally done using backscatter intensity modulations. In this work, internal wave induced changes in the polarimetric orientation angle are measured. These changes are then used to estimate those perturbations in the ambient wave slope distribution and coherence that are directly caused by the internal wave. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7263, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 638 EP 640 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800209 ER PT B AU McCoy, RP AF McCoy, RP GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Upcoming Naval space missions for remote sensing of the oceans, atmosphere and space SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID SATELLITE AB The U. S. Navy is permanently forward-deployed and depends critically on precise knowledge and predictability of global environmental conditions from under the ocean, throughout the atmosphere and into near-Earth space. To satisfy global mission needs, the Navy depends on space-borne remote sensing platforms to characterize and monitor each of these environments at wavelengths from the microwave to the ultraviolet. In the next five years, the Navy, in partnership with other agencies, will be launching a number of experimental, operational and quasi-operational remote sensing satellite instruments. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP McCoy, RP (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 702 EP 704 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800230 ER PT B AU Turk, FJ Ebert, EE Oh, HJ Sohn, BJ AF Turk, FJ Ebert, EE Oh, HJ Sohn, BJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Validation and applications of a realtime global precipitation analysis SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID RAINFALL AB A series of validation statistics are presented from a operational global, minimum 3-hourly updating precipitation analysis. The technique was developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) for use in numerical weather prediction (NWP) model data assimilation and nowcasting operations. The technique is an adaptive statistical/hybrid technique which incorporates data from all current operational infrared-based geostationary satellites and from all (currently) available low-Earth orbiting microwave-based sensors, the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-B). Knowledge of the rain estimation error statistics are needed in order to properly utilize precipitation observations in NWP variational assimilation techniques. Validation statistics are presented from comparisons with operationally supported raingauge networks in Australia and Korea in a two-dimensional fashion, where the spatial and temporal dimensions are each individually varied. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Turk, FJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 705 EP 707 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800231 ER PT B AU Bankert, RL Hadjimichael, M Kuciauskas, AP Richardson, KL Turk, J Hawkins, JD AF Bankert, RL Hadjimichael, M Kuciauskas, AP Richardson, KL Turk, J Hawkins, JD GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Automating the estimation of various meteorological parameters using satellite data and machine learning techniques SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID STRATUS AB Satellite data from various sensors and platforms are being used to develop automated algorithms to assist in U.S. Navy operational weather assessment and forecasting. Supervised machine learning techniques are used to discover patterns in the data and develop associated classification and parameter estimation algorithms. These methods are applied to cloud classification in GOES imagery, tropical cyclone intensity estimation using SSM/I data, and cloud ceiling height estimation at remote locations using appropriate geostationary and polar orbiting satellite data in conjunction with numerical weather prediction output and climatology. All developed algorithms rely on training data sets that consist of records of attributes (computed from the appropriate data source) and the associated ground truth. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Bankert, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 708 EP 710 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800232 ER PT B AU Hornstein, J Shettle, EP Bevilacqua, RM Chang, S Colon, E Flynn, L Hilsenrath, E Mango, S Bloom, H Sanner, F AF Hornstein, J Shettle, EP Bevilacqua, RM Chang, S Colon, E Flynn, L Hilsenrath, E Mango, S Bloom, H Sanner, F GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The ozone mapping and profiler suite-assimilation experiment (OMPS-AE) SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB The major weather services worldwide have concluded that longer-term tropospheric weather forecasting will require a more realistic treatment of the stratosphere. A major research effort is now underway at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to extend the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) into the stratosphere. The extended NOGAPS must assimilate and forecast ozone because absorption of UV radiation by ozone provides the primary energy input into the stratosphere. This energy input is a major driver of the stratospheric circulation, which, in turn, significantly affects the large-scale movement of surface weather systems. Operational ozone data for the extended NOGAPS will be obtained from the NPOESS Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS). OMPS consists of a nadir-viewing instrument that measures the ozone total column and profile (similar to TOMS & SBUV/2), and a limb-viewing instrument designed to measure the ozone profile between the tropopause and 60 km. OMPS-like ozone data are needed for developing and testing the extensions to NOGAPS. We have proposed an early flight of OMPS, OMPS-AE (OMPS-Assimilation Experiment), to provide such data. We are also exploring techniques for merging and extending data from existing satellite measurements of ozone profiles to produce 3D global ozone fields. In the future we will conduct experiments in which the global ozone fields from OMPS-AE or the data fusion experiments will be assimilated into the extended NOGAPS, with the aim of evaluating assimilation methodologies and increased forecasting skill. The ultimate goal of the experiment is the development of a new operational forecast system with the capability of utilizing the OMPS ozone data immediately when it becomes available after the launch of the first NPOESS satellite. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hornstein, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 809 EP 811 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800265 ER PT B AU Lee, JS Cloude, SR Papathanassiou, K Grunes, MR Ainsworth, TL Schuler, DL AF Lee, JS Cloude, SR Papathanassiou, K Grunes, MR Ainsworth, TL Schuler, DL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Speckle filtering of polarimetric SAR interferometry data SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Polarimetric SAR interferometry has generated much interest for forest applications. In this paper, we study problems associated with interferometric coherence estimation and propose two algorithms to improve the accuracy in the coherence estimation based on speckle filtering of the 6x6 polarimetric interferometry matrix. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 832 EP 834 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800272 ER PT B AU Sletten, MA Liu, X Duncan, JH West, JC AF Sletten, MA Liu, X Duncan, JH West, JC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Radar investigations of breaking water waves at low grazing angles with simultaneous high-speed optical imagery SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Radar scattering experiments were recently carried out at the wavetank facility at the University of Maryland-College Park. Spilling and plunging breakers were generated by means of a chirped wave packet, and were then imaged with a high-speed camera. Simultaneously, the radar backscatter generated by the breakers at a nominal grazing angle of 12 degrees was measured by an ultrawideband, dual-polarized, X-band radar with a range resolution of approximately 4 cm. This experimental setup also included a moving instrument carriage that allowed the sensors to follow the breakers throughout their entire evolution. In conjunction with numerical simulations, these experiments can guide the development of realistic scattering models by identifying the important wave features and the corresponding scattering mechanisms. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sletten, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7255,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 922 EP 924 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800302 ER PT B AU Hwang, PA AF Hwang, PA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Ambient and breaking roughness of the ocean surface SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID WAVE AB Local wind-generated surface roughness can le decomposed into ambient component, surface wave geometric contribution (the mean square slope) and breaking wave contribution (the breaking roughness). Only the last two components can be attributed to local wind condition for remote sensing considerations. The ambient roughness level is estimated to be between 0.01 and 0.02 from altimeter data. The rate of increase of breaking roughness with wind speed is much faster than the counterpart of the mean square slope of wave geometry. In high wind conditons, breaking roughness contribution may exceed the wind-wave geometrical contribution. The data of Cox and Munk (1954) collected in clean and slick conditions, and newer data of filtered surface roughness derived from spaceborne altimeter are analyzed to provide a quantitative description of the breaking roughness. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 937 EP 939 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800307 ER PT B AU Gao, BC Yang, P Kaufman, YJ AF Gao, BC Yang, P Kaufman, YJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Regional and global variations of water vapor and high clouds inferred from two years' measurements with MODIS near-IR channels SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1185 EP 1187 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800388 ER PT B AU Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ Bettenhausen, MH Fusina, RA Du Bois, K Lathrop, R Geib, J Porter, JH Truitt, BR AF Bachmann, CM Donato, TF Lamela, GM Rhea, WJ Bettenhausen, MH Fusina, RA Du Bois, K Lathrop, R Geib, J Porter, JH Truitt, BR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Automated land-cover models of barrier islands in the Virginia coast reserve derived from multi-season HyMAP and PROBE2 imagery SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper addresses the problem of automated land-cover classification in a chain of barrier islands, collectively known as the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR), an NSF Long Term Ecological Research site [9] [10]. Previously we have reported on the development of automatic land-cover models derived from a HyMAP [8] [1] scene acquired in May 2000 of Smith Island, Virginia [3] [4] [5], one of the VCR islands. The present work considers five of the six islands covered by additional hyper-spectral collections from another similar sensor, PROBE2 [6]. PROBE2 was flown over the VCR on August 22 and October 18, 2001. Between the two sensors, we now have three-season coverage of Smith Island, and two-season coverage of five other VCR islands: Myrtle, Ship Shoals, Wreck, Cobb, and Hog. Automatic classification Models have been derived, using both exploratory unsupervised classification models, and supervised models derived from labelled spectra. Results have been compared with in situ spectrometry measurements taken by us at the VCR and at another site in Great Bay, NJ. We also have acquired PROBE2 imagery in August 2001 at the Great Bay site and collected in-situ spectra there in late July and early August. These data serve as the beginning point of cross-region comparisons. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1661 EP 1663 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800540 ER PT B AU Sikora, TD Young, GS AF Sikora, TD Young, GS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Wind-direction dependence of Quasi-2D SAR signatures SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID HORIZONTAL CONVECTIVE ROLLS; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; ERS-1 SAR; SURFACE AB This paper documents the typical variations in quasi two dimensional MABL SAR signature orientation with respect to the near-surface mean wind direction, making it of practical interest to those researchers using such techniques to infer wind speed from SAR imagery. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1887 EP 1889 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800615 ER PT B AU Meier, WN Andersen, S Bastar, N AF Meier, WN Andersen, S Bastar, N GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Evaluation of SSM/I-derived sea ice concentrations with AVHRR imagery SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Sea ice concentration fields from several different passive microwave algorithms are compared with AVHRR visible and infrared imagery. AVHRR imagery is obtained over a several month period for the Barents Sea, East Greenland Sea, and Baffin Bay regions. These encompass a variety of different ice and weather conditions; in this paper, only the East Greenland Sea region is presented. Of the algorithms evaluated, the NASA Team 2 algorithm appears to perform the best, with a lower bias and lower RMS difference when compared to AVHRR concentrations, especially in regions of thin ice. The Cal/Val performs well in thin ice, but overestimates thicker ice concentrations. The NASA Team and Bootstrap tend to overestimate concentration near the ice edge, but underestimate it within the ice pack. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Meier, WN (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. OI Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1935 EP 1937 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800631 ER PT B AU Haltrin, VI Mankovsky, VI AF Haltrin, VI Mankovsky, VI GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Analytical representation of experimental light scattering phase functions measured in seas, oceans and Lake Baykal SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper analyzes 20 recently released phase functions of light scattering by natural water (18 marine and 2 lake) together with 15 Petzold marine phase functions. All phase functions with regression coefficients exceeding 0.998 are represented in an analytical form that allows to compute their values at any scattering angle and the values of any derived parameter. The values of statistics with accompanied inherent optical properties that are necessary to compute modulation transfer functions are presented in a tabular form. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Mankovsky, Viktor/I-5460-2015 OI Mankovsky, Viktor/0000-0002-4272-2218 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 2651 EP 2653 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800862 ER PT S AU Donato, TF Lyzenga, DR Yan, XH AF Donato, TF Lyzenga, DR Yan, XH GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A comparative analysis of Landsat TM and Radarsat SAR signatures in restricted tidal channels SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; IMAGERY; CHLOROPHYLL; MECHANISM AB In this study we examine and comparatively analyze Synthetic Aperture Radar and near infrared Thematic Mapper signatures observed in the restricted tidal channel of a shallow lagoonal estuary. Both imaging systems show coherent structures, identified as longitudinal convergence zones, that appear as bright and dark bands aligned parallel with the axis of the tidal channel in question. This result indicates that Doppler shifting is not the mechanism responsible for the observed SAR signatures. Furthermore, modulation of relative intensity shows similar trends in location and magnitude of peak intensity with respect to tidal phase. Background variances from the unperturbed regions also show similarities between the two sensor systems. Finally, TM imagery, in the context employed here, is limited by the solar illumination cycle with the optimal period from May through August for the northern latitude site examined here. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 2841 EP 2843 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800925 ER PT B AU Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA Lamela, G Rhea, J Bettenhausen, M AF Donato, TF Bachmann, CM Fusina, RA Lamela, G Rhea, J Bettenhausen, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Comparative hyperspectral analysis of two coastal salt marshes SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID BIOMASS; WETLANDS; MARINE AB In this study, we examine spectral, and spatial variability associated with two coastal salt marshes situated along the middle Atlantic seaboard of the United States. Specifically, we explore the spectral variability of emergent Spartina alternifilora patches associated with tidal regime and latitude in a coastal landscape using Probe, an airborne hyperspectral sensors. Employing landscape metrics, such as Core Area Index, Shape, and Square Pixel, among others, we comparatively examine, at each location, the spectral variability from each patch, relative to the entire class of observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Donato, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3243 EP 3245 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116801053 ER PT B AU Bachmann, CM Bettenhausen, MH AF Bachmann, CM Bettenhausen, MH GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI PURSUIT: An automatic classification tool for remote sensing data SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID PROJECTION PURSUIT AB PURSUIT Projection Understanding and Recognition from a SUite of Intelligent Tools) has been under development at the Naval Research Laboratory for a number of years. It is a versatile software tool designed to address the problem of automatic feature extraction and classification from remote sensing data. Although the tool can be applied to a variety of applications outside of the field of remote sensing, it is particularly useful for automated remote sensing imagery analysis. To date, the package has been applied to imagery from a variety of different sensor types including: multi-spectral, hyper-spectral, synthetic aperature radar (SAR), and multi-sensor data. Because of its modular design, PURSUIT is re-configurable and the suite of algorithms that comprise it can be flexibly combined to address new applications as they arise. As such, new algorithms can be easily added. Algorithms included in the present corpus consist of a variety of in-house algorithms, as well as standard algorithms derived from many areas of the statistical pattern recognition literature, including adaptive vector quantization, unsupervised and supervised feature extraction and classification, and neural networks. Each module contains a number of different preprocessing and post-processing options, and the input data may be spectral, spatial, or spatial-spectral. The modular design of the package allows data from multiple sources to be combined in the same overall automatic classification model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bachmann, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3360 EP 3362 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116801092 ER PT S AU Davis, CO AF Davis, CO BE Shen, SS TI Applications of hyperspectral imaging in the coastal ocean SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE hyperspectral; imaging spectrometry; coastal ocean; littoral ID SHALLOW WATERS; DEPTH AB Data from moderate resolution ocean color sensors, such as SeaWiFS and MODIS have greatly enhanced our understanding of the open ocean and shelf waters. However, the spatial and spectral complexity of the near coastal ocean, require higher resolution systems for the littoral zone. Recent experiments with aircraft imaging spectrometers have demonstrated their potential to be powerful tools for the characterization of the coastal ocean. Using the continuous spectral signature it is possible to measure shallow water bathymetry and bottom characteristics, and to gain insight into the distribution of phytoplankton and other optically active constituents. To demonstrate this I present recent results using AVIRIS and PHILLS data from the coastal environment. To obtain large area, repeated coverage of the coastal ocean two spaceborne hyperspectral imagers are planned. The Navy has joined in a partnership with industry to build and fly the Naval EarthMap Observer (NEMO). The NEMO spacecraft has the Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer (COIS) a hyperspectral imager with adequate spectral and spatial resolution and a high signal-to-noise ratio to provide long-term monitoring and real-time characterization of the coastal environment. Additionally, the Integrated Program Office is considering a Coastal Ocean Imager (COI) as part of an Ocean Observer Spacecraft. COI is a hyperspectral imager in the visible with a two band thermal-IR imager for sea surface temperature. COI would provide 100 m resolution imagery over a 150 km wide swath of the coastal ocean. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, CO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.453791 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000004 ER PT S AU Mayer, R Scribner, D AF Mayer, R Scribner, D BE Shen, SS TI Extending the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to short wave infrared radiation (SWIR) (1-2.5 micron) SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE hyperspectral algorithms; remote sensing AB There is increasing interest in using wide-area standoff airborne hyperspectral sensors to detect potential targets at large oblique viewing angles. Under such conditions, the intervening atmosphere between the targets and the imager can attenuate and alter the detected signal. To help compensate for the reduced signal for long range viewing, recent efforts have focused on using hyperspectral sensors to collect imagery derived from short wave radiation SWIR (1-2.5 mum) rather than the more standard visible-near infrared radiation Vis-NIR (0.4-1.0 mum). However, unlike imagery collected using Vis-NIR there is currently a relative dearth of analytical and classification algorithms that only use SWIR. To enhance the ability to detect spectral features confined to the SWIR regime, this study has examined extracting vegetation features in the SWIR. Visible-near infrared hyperspectral imagery has successfully extracted vegetation within a scene through computation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The Visible NDVI computes a normalized difference of two bands corresponding to the chlorophyll absorption (0.67 mum) and IR edge (0.75 mum). This work extended and examined schemes for extracting vegetation within SWIR imagery. Specifically, this study examined the HYDICE data collect (0.4-2.5 mum) and the visible NDVI was used as the standard for determining the vegetation within the scene. A SWIR derived NDVI was generated using pairs of SWIR bands (1.08, 1.46 mum), (1.08, 1.57 mum), (1.08, 1.66 mum), and (1,08, 2.18 mum). All SWIR paired bands exhibited large (> 0.92) correlation coefficients with the Vis-NIR NDVI. Vis-NIR NDVI preferentially detects the greenest vegetation but the SWIR NDVI tends to favor vegetation residing in shadows. Water has large SWIR NDVI but has low reflectance throughout the SWIR. By setting a threshold, water can be eliminated from consideration and only vegetation is detected. In addition, minimizing the mean squared error between the visible and SWIR imagery can generate a suitable linear combination of all suitable bands involving SWIR wavelengths that exclude the atmospheric absorption. Using the high number of SWIR bands approach yields even larger correlation (> 0.99) with visible NDVI. However, the specific coefficients used in the linear combination approach, varies from scene to scene. Therefore, using a fixed set of coefficients yields small correlation coefficient with visible NDVI. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mayer, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Sci Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.446849 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000019 ER PT S AU Gillis, D Bowles, D Winter, ME AF Gillis, D Bowles, D Winter, ME BE Shen, SS TI Using endmembers as a coordinate system in hyperspectral imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID ALGORITHM AB The linear mixing model (LMM) is a well-known and useful method for decomposing spectra in a hyperspectral image into the sum of their constituents, or endmembers. Mathematically, if the spectra are represented as n-dimensional vectors, then the LMM implies that the set of endmembers defines a basis or coordinate system for the set of spectra. Because the endmembers, themselves are generally not orthogonal, the geometry (distances, difference angles, etc.) is changed by moving from band space to endmember space. We explore some of the differences between the two coordinate systems, and show in particular that the difference in angle measurements leads to an improved method for subpixel target detection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gillis, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.453775 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000034 ER PT B AU Pasewark, BH Wolf, SN Orr, MH AF Pasewark, BH Wolf, SN Orr, MH BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Acoustic intensity variability in a shallow water environment SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr ID PROPAGATION; FIELD AB Acoustic signals with center frequencies 224 and 400 Hz were recorded for 63-hours during an experiment on the New Jersey Shelf, USA (SWARM95). Acoustic energy statistics have been extracted for both narrowband and broadband signals at a fixed range of 42 km. The statistics have been found to be non-stationary and depth dependent. There is frequency and bandwidth dependence to the signal proper-ties and no unique probability distribution representation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pasewark, BH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Code 7120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100002 ER PT B AU Ruffa, AA Sundvik, MT AF Ruffa, AA Sundvik, MT BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Instrumented tow cable measurements of temperature variability of the water column SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr AB The Instrumented Tow Cable (ITC) measures the temperature variability of the water column with a spatial resolution of 1/2 meter along the cable and a temporal resolution on the order of 100 seconds. The ITC is a modification of a conventional steel-armored tow cable, involving the replacement of three outer steel armor wires with stainless steel tubes containing optical fibers. The overall cable diameter is unchanged, and there is otherwise no significant impact to the mechanical properties of the cable. The ITC survived all standard mechanical ruggedness tests, including long stroke cyclic bending over a 46-inch diameter sheave under tensions up to 22,500 lb. Temperature sensing is derived from Raman scattering effects in the optical fibers. In lake tests, the standard deviation against XBTs was found to be approximately 0.3 degreesC for repeated runs. Sea test data from the shelf-slope front south of New England mapped the location of the front within 150 m of the sea surface and showed indications of internal waves. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ruffa, AA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100006 ER PT B AU Turgut, A Lavoie, D Walter, DJ Sawyer, WB AF Turgut, A Lavoie, D Walter, DJ Sawyer, WB BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Measurements of bottom variability during SWAT New Jersey Shelf experiments SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr ID MORPHOLOGY AB Chirp sonar and vibracore measurements of bottom variability from scales of centimeters to tens of meters have been conducted during the recent Shallow Water Acoustic Technology (SWAT) experiments at the New Jersey Shelf Chirp sonar (2-12 kHz) data were used to invert bottom geoacoustic properties with sub-meter resolution. Sediment properties such as density, porosity and sound-speed profiles are inverted from coherent acoustic returns at several sites with well-characterized subbottom reflectors. Also, centimeter-resolution geaoacoustic properties were measured from several vibracores collected along the survey tracks. Chirp sonar inversion results compare favorably with those of co-located sediment core measurements. Both deterministic and stochastic features are deduced from the sonar surveys and co-located sediment core data. Effects of measured bottom spatial variability on the broadband acoustic propagation are also studied by using a Parabolic Equation (PE) model. It was concluded that, in addition to the oceanographic variability, the seafloor and subbottom spatial variability might further spatially decorrelate the acoustic signals propagating in shallow waters. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100012 ER PT B AU Richardson, MD AF Richardson, MD BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Variability of shear wave speed and attenuation in surficial marine sediments SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr ID IN-SITU AB Values of shear wave speed and attenuation in surficial marine sediments (upper 30 cm) are summarized and then correlated with easily measured sediment physical, properties (porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size). Shear wave speed ranges from a low of 5 m/s in soft silty-clays to a high of 150 m/s in hard pack fine sands. Shear wave speed increases with decreasing porosity, increasing bulk density, and increasing mean grain size. Strong gradients in shear wave speed in the upper meter of sediment, related to increased effective stress (overburden pressure) and vertical gradients in sediment properties complicate theses predictive relationships. Shear wave attenuation follows the opposite trends as shear wave speed, increasing with increasing porosity, decreasing mean grain size and decreasing bulk density. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Richardson, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100014 ER PT B AU Gragg, RF Soukup, RJ Gauss, RC AF Gragg, RF Soukup, RJ Gauss, RC BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Backscatter from elastic ocean bottoms: Using the small slope model to assess acoustical variability and uncertainty SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr AB The scattering strength of the ocean bottom as a function of angle and frequency is a fundamental input for predicting the performance of active sonar systems, particularly in littoral waters. The small-slope formulation for scattering from the rough water/bottom interface is by now well established both as a physical theory and as a numerical algorithm [Gragg et al., JASA 110 (2001)]. In this work, a data-model comparison is used to address the following questions. How well do the predictions of this elastic theory agree with data measured at sea? How sensitively does the theoretical prediction depend on the set of input parameters that characterize (a) the geoacoustics of the bottom material and (b) the spectrum of the surface roughness? For a given littoral area, how much needs to be known about these parameters for ASW/MCM purposes? How much of that could be estimated by remote (e.g., acoustic inversion) methods? C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gragg, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100024 ER PT B AU Field, R Newcomb, J Showalter, J George, J Hallock, Z AF Field, R Newcomb, J Showalter, J George, J Hallock, Z BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Acoustic fluctuations and their harmonic structure SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr AB Acoustic fluctuations are experimentally and theoretically shown to be harmonically related to the sound speed. The acoustic data analyzed here is shown to fluctuate predominately at the first and second harmonics of the M-2 tide. Theoretical results based on the Pekeris waveguide show that a large-scale, slowly fluctuating sound speed like the M-2 can cause more rapid fluctuations in the acoustic field in the form of acoustic harmonics. The theoretical results compare favorably with the acoustic data. The theoretical results also show the impact of the water column sound speed on the horizontal wave numbers and possibly on acoustic inversion methods that utilize them. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Field, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100034 ER PT B AU Gauss, RC Fialkowski, JM Wurmser, D AF Gauss, RC Fialkowski, JM Wurmser, D BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Assessing the variability of near-boundary surface and volume reverberation using physics-based scattering models SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING AB The increased importance of responding to regional conflicts has focused Navy attention on littoral waters, with active sonar expected to be a favored mode of operation. Major performance drivers of such systems are the acoustic interactions with the ocean boundaries and fish. The vicinity of the air-sea interface is in particular a complex mix of scattering by surface roughness and scattering from bubble clouds and fish, coupled with boundary-interference effects. The Naval Research Laboratory has recently developed broadband, physics-based scattering strength models that both unify and advance our understanding of boundary scattering at low frequencies (< 5 kHz) by providing a physical basis for isolating scattering mechanisms. In this paper, these models are used to assess both the sensitivity of scattering strength to environmental variables and their utility as tools for estimating these variables. These efforts are supported by a series of data-model comparisons that demonstrate both the environmental variability of acoustic response with frequency and scattering angle, and the importance of using physics-based tools to predict these responses. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gauss, RC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7144, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100043 ER PT B AU McDonald, BE Lingevitch, J Collins, M AF McDonald, BE Lingevitch, J Collins, M BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Effects of environmental variability on focused acoustic fields SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr ID RANGE AB A number of experiments have demonstrated the ability to produce tightly focused acoustic fields in the ocean using time reversal mirrors. The resulting focal regions may serve as acoustic probes or communications sites. We will review the effects of various types of environmental variability on the quality of the focus. Among these are bathymetric variation and water column inhomogeneities that may result from internal waves, bubble clouds, fish schools, or water mass intrusions. We will give high resolution simulation results from the RAM code to illustrate and quantify the impact of environmental variability upon the focal region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDonald, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 377 EP 383 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100047 ER PT B AU Finette, S Evans, T Shen, C AF Finette, S Evans, T Shen, C BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Sub-mesoscale modeling of environmental variability in a shelf-slope region and the effect on acoustic fluctuations SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr ID SHALLOW-WATER; PROPAGATION; EQUATION; FIELD; WAVES AB A coupled oceanographic/acoustic simulation model is under development for studying the relationship between acoustic field variability and dynamic oceanographic processes in a continental shelf/slope environment. The oceanographic component of the model involves numerical integration of the non-linear hydrodynamic equations of motion describing density, temperature and salinity distributions as a function of space and time. This component includes sub-mesoscale dynamics, allowing for the generation and propagation of non-hydrostatically generated phenomena such as tidally driven internal tides and solitary waves. Results are mapped into the corresponding sound speed distribution, and the resulting set of time evolved sound speed fields is used as input to a wide-angle parabolic equation that computes the acoustic field propagating through the environment. The general approach is discussed, and an illustrative result is presented that links acoustic field variability to specific oceanographic features. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Finette, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100050 ER PT B AU Warn-Varnas, A Chin-Bing, S King, D AF Warn-Varnas, A Chin-Bing, S King, D BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Yellow sea internal solitary wave variability SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr AB Our studies are centered in an area south of the Shandong peninsula where the observations of Zhou, Zhang and Rogers [1] showed an anomalous drop in acoustical intensity at 630 Hz. For this region ocean-acoustic modeling studies are performed in conjunction with available SAR observations of internal solitary waves. Acoustic field intensity calculations show that for some frequencies a redistribution of acoustic energy to higher modes occurs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39539 USA. RP Warn-Varnas, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39539 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 409 EP 416 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100051 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Cintron, CJ Haeger, SD Schneider, D Keenan, RE Fox, DN AF Chu, PC Cintron, CJ Haeger, SD Schneider, D Keenan, RE Fox, DN BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Yellow Sea acoustic uncertainty caused by hydrographic data error SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr AB This paper investigates the acoustic uncertainty due to hydrographic data error and in turn to determine the necessity of a near real time ocean analysis capability such as the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) model in shallow water (such as the Yellow Sea) mine hunting applications using the Navy's Comprehensive Acoustic Simulation System / Gaussian Ray Bundle (CASS/GRAB) model. To simulate hydrographic data uncertainty, Gausian-type errors (produced using the random number generator in MATLAB) with zero mean and three standard deviations (1 m/s, 5 m/s, and 10 m/s) are added to the sound profile. It is found that the acoustic uncertainty depends on the location of the error and sound sources. It is more sensitive to errors in the isothermal structure in the winter than in the layered structure in the summer. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 563 EP 570 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100070 ER PT B AU Sutherland-Pietrzak, S McCarthy, E AF Sutherland-Pietrzak, S McCarthy, E BE Pace, NG Jensen, FB TI Environmental variability of the LBVDS Sea Tests SO IMPACT OF LITTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON ACOUSTIC PREDICTIONS AND SONAR PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance CY SEP 16-20, 2002 CL LERICI, ITALY SP SACLANT Undersea Res Ctr AB The Lightweight Broadband Variable Depth Sonar (LBVDS) Demonstration Model (LDM) Sea Test was conducted in September-October 2001 off the eastern coast of the United States. The primary objective of the LBVDS program is to develop and demonstrate a prototype sonar system that will improve the Navy's capability to conduct surface undersea warfare (USW) operations, particularly against low-Doppler threat submarines in highly reverberant, littoral areas. One of the sea test objectives of the LBVDS program was to evaluate the benefits of environmental adaptation. Studies of shallow-water active sonar system performance have indicated that a large loss in potential performance is often incurred because the sonar operating parameters are not matched to the current environment. The LDM system can recommend waveforms and processing parameters that are based on environmental measurements and performance predictions. Acoustic performance predictions and measured results from this LBVDS sea test will be presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02842 USA. RP Sutherland-Pietrzak, S (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1170 Howell St, Newport, RI 02842 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0816-3 PY 2002 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences; Oceanography SC Acoustics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BV70D UT WOS:000179852100072 ER PT S AU Middlebrook, CT Smith, JG AF Middlebrook, CT Smith, JG BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI Testing and evaluation of tactical electro-optical sensors SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE FLIRs; modulation transfer function; total pointing error; auto MRTD AB As integrated electro-optical sensor payloads (multi-sensors) comprised of infrared imagers, visible imagers, and lasers advance in performance, the tests and testing methods must also advance in order to fully evaluate them. Future operational requirements will require integrated sensor payloads to perform missions at farther ranges and with increased targeting accuracy. In order to meet these requirements sensors will require advanced imaging algorithms, advanced tracking capability, high-powered lasers, and high-resolution imagers. To meet the U.S. Navy's testing requirements of such multi-sensors, the test and evaluation group in the Night Vision and Chemical Biological Warfare Department at NAVSEA Crane is developing automated testing methods, and improved tests to evaluate imaging algorithms, and procuring advanced testing hardware to measure high resolution imagers and line of sight stabilization of targeting systems. This paper addresses: descriptions of the multi-sensor payloads tested, testing methods used and under development, and the different types of testing hardware and specific payload tests that are being developed and used at NAVSEA Crane. C1 NAVSEA Crane, NVEO, Night Vis & Chem Biol Warfare Dept, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Middlebrook, CT (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, NVEO, Night Vis & Chem Biol Warfare Dept, 300 Highway 361, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1117/12.477447 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300013 ER PT S AU Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA AF Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, PR Scribner, DA BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI TARID-based adaptive nonuniformity correction SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The performance of any scene-adaptive Nonuniformity Correction (NUC) algorithm is fundamentally limited by the quality of the scene-based predicted value of each pixel. TARID-based composite imagery can serve as a scene-based pixel predictor with improved robustness, and reduced noise than that of more common scene-based pixel predictors. These improved properties result in dramatically faster algorithm convergence, generating corrected imagery with reduced spatial noise due to intrinsic nonuniform or inoperative pixels in a Focal Plane Array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5636,4555 Overlook Av SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1117/12.477442 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300023 ER PT S AU Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, P Scribner, D AF Schuler, JM Howard, JG Warren, P Scribner, D BE Appleby, R Holst, GC Wikner, DA TI TARID-based image superresolution SO INFRARED AND PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared and Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging Systems CY APR 03-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A general method is described to improve the operational resolution of an Electro-Optic (EO) imaging sensor using multiple frames of an image sequence. This method only assumes the constituent video has some ambient motion between the sensor and stationary background, and the optical image is electronically captured and digitally recorded by a staring focal plane detector array. Compared to alternative techniques that may require externally controlled or measured dither motion, this approach offers significantly enhanced operational resolution with substantially relaxed constraints on sensor stabilization, optics, and exposure time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuler, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5636,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4469-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4719 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1117/12.477444 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28V UT WOS:000178460300024 ER PT J AU Bellotti, J Akdogan, EK Safari, A Chang, W Kirchoefer, S AF Bellotti, J Akdogan, EK Safari, A Chang, W Kirchoefer, S TI Tunable dielectric properties of BST thin films for RF/MW passive components SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/13th IEEE Int Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics/19th Meeting on Ferroelectric Mat and their Applicat CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN DE BST thin films; microwave dielectric properties; strain effects ID MICROWAVE PROPERTIES; INTERNAL-STRESSES; CAPACITORS AB Heteroepitaxial Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 films were deposited on (100) LaAlO3 and (100) MgO substrates via pulsed laser deposition. Film thickness varied from 22 nm to 1.15 mum. All films were examined with x-ray diffraction and cross-section FESEM to determine both epitaxy and thickness, and stoichiometry was confirmed with RBS measurements. Microwave dielectric measurements were carried out in the range of 1-20 GHz, using an interdigitated electrode array. The state of strain in the films as a function of thickness and substrate type was correlated with the observed capacitive tunability. The tunability for both film series was shown to exhibit markedly different behavior depending on the type of strain, compressive or tensile. Maximum dielectric tunabilities of similar to65% were achieved for the thickest films in both film sets, however the tunability of the thinnest films were much higher for the films grown on MgO. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bellotti, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 49 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1080/10584580290171829 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 625TC UT WOS:000179830800014 ER PT J AU Wolf, SA Treger, D AF Wolf, SA Treger, D TI Frequency agile materials for electronics (FAME) - Progress in the DARPA program SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Ferroelectric Workshop (FWPR-2001) CY JUN 01-02, 2001 CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO DE tunable materials; Frequency Agile Materials; FAME AB The ability to tune the bandwidth and frequency of RF filters and antennas, or rapidly and simply provide continuously variable phase shifters for use in RF receivers and electronically steered antennas, will result in improved performance of RF systems from communications to remote sensing. The DAR-PA Frequency Agile Materials for Electronics (FAME) project has as its goal the development of high performance frequency agile materials, components and subsystems that can significantly enhance the performance of such RF systems. The program has developed both materials and composite structures that change either their permitivity or permeability with the application of the appropriate field, either electric or magnetic. Furthermore, RF filters, voltage controlled oscillators, RF phase shifters and electronically steered antennas will be demonstrated by the end of 2001. C1 DARPA, Def Sci Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Strateg Anal Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Wolf, SA (reprint author), DARPA, Def Sci Off, 3701 N Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 42 BP 39 EP 55 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 562JD UT WOS:000176192900005 ER PT J AU Modi, R Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY Vollmers, JES Chrisey, DB AF Modi, R Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY Vollmers, JES Chrisey, DB TI Ferroelectric capacitors made by a laser forward transfer technique SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Ferroelectric Workshop (FWPR-2001) CY JUN 01-02, 2001 CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO DE MAPLE-DW; LIFT; MAPLE; laser sintering; relaxor ferroelectric; capacitor ID METAL-DEPOSITION AB Ferroelectric capacitors have been fabricated using a novel laser based transfer technique called Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation-Direct Write (MAPLE-DW) with the dielectric films thermally processed by selective laser sintering. MAPLE-DW is a versatile direct writing technique capable of writing a wide variety of materials on virtually any substrate under ambient conditions. Lead magnesium niobate (PMN) based dielectric films were deposited by MAPLE-DW on metallized alumina and kapton substrates under ambient conditions. Infrared CW C02 (lambda = 10.6 mum) laser was used for thermal processing of the dielectric films. Electrical characteristics of these MAPLE-DW deposited capacitors were studied over a wide frequency range (1 MHz to 1.8 GHz). C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Modi, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 42 BP 79 EP 95 DI 10.1080/10584580210842 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 562JD UT WOS:000176192900008 ER PT S AU Irvine, CE Levin, TE AF Irvine, CE Levin, TE BE Gertz, M Guldentops, E Strous, L TI A cautionary note regarding the data integrity capacity of certain secure systems SO INTEGRITY, INTERNAL CONTROL AND SECURITY IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS: CONNECTING GOVERNANCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Working Conference on Integrity and Internal Control in Information Systems CY NOV 15-16, 2001 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Int Federat Informat Processing TC11/WG11 5 DE integrity; confidentiality; integrity capacity; secure system; multi-level security ID PROTECTION AB The need to provide standard commercial-grade productivity applications as the general purpose user interface to high-assurance data processing environments is compelling, and has resulted in proposals for several different types of "trusted" systems. We characterize some of these systems as a class of architecture. We discuss the general integrity property that systems can only be. trusted to manage modifiable data whose integrity is at or below that of their interface components. One effect of this property is that in terms of integrity these hybrid-security systems are only applicable to processing environments where the integrity of data is consistent with that of low-assurance software. Several examples axe provided of hybrid-security systems subject to these limitations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. EM irvine@cs.nps.navy.mil; levin@cs.nps.navy.mil NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7005-5 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2002 VL 83 BP 3 EP 25 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU42Q UT WOS:000175966700001 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Yin, H Allinson, N Freeman, R Keane, J Hubbard, S TI Data mining for fuzzy decision tree structure with a genetic program SO INTELLIGENT DATA ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATED LEARNING - IDEAL 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning CY AUG 12-14, 2002 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Univ Manchester Inst Sci & Technol AB A resource manager (RM), a fuzzy logic based expert system, has been developed. The RM automatically allocates resources in real-time over many dissimilar agents. A new data mining algorithm that uses a genetic program, an algorithm that evolves other computer programs, as a data mining function has been developed to evolve fuzzy decision trees for the resource manager. It not only determines the fuzzy decision tree structure it also creates fuzzy rules while mining scenario databases. The genetic program's structure is discussed as well as the terminal set, function set, the operations of cross-over and mutation, and the construction of the database used for data mining. Finally, an example of a fuzzy decision tree generated by this algorithm is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44025-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2412 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY01R UT WOS:000187252500003 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Yin, H Allinson, N Freeman, R Keane, J Hubbard, S TI Co-evolutionary data mining to discover rules for fuzzy resource management SO INTELLIGENT DATA ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATED LEARNING - IDEAL 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning CY AUG 12-14, 2002 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Univ Manchester Inst Sci & Technol AB A fuzzy logic based expert system has been developed that automatically allocates resources in real-time over many dissimilar platforms. An approach is being explored that involves embedding the resource manager in an electronic game environment. The game allows a human expert to play against the resource manager in a simulated battlespace with each of the defending platforms being exclusively directed by the fuzzy resource manager and the attacking platforms being controlled by the human expert or operating autonomously under their own logic. This approach automates the data mining problem. The game automatically creates a database reflecting the domain expert's knowledge, it calls a data mining function, a genetic algorithm, for data mining of the data base as required. The game allows easy evaluation of the information mined in the second step. The criterion for re-optimization is discussed. The mined information is extremely valuable as indicated by demanding scenarios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44025-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2412 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY01R UT WOS:000187252500004 ER PT S AU Smith, JF AF Smith, JF BE Yin, H Allinson, N Freeman, R Keane, J Hubbard, S TI Multi-agent fuzzy logic resource manager SO INTELLIGENT DATA ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATED LEARNING - IDEAL 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning CY AUG 12-14, 2002 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Univ Manchester Inst Sci & Technol AB A fuzzy logic expert system has been developed that automatically allocates resources in real-time over a collection of autonomous agents. Genetic algorithm based optimization is conducted to determine the form of the membership functions for the fuzzy root concepts. The resource manager is made up of four trees, the isolated platform tree, the multi-platform tree, the fuzzy parameter selection tree and the fuzzy strategy tree. The isolated platform tree provides a fuzzy decision tree that allows an individual platform to respond to a threat. The multi-platform tree allows a group of platforms to respond to a threat in a collaborative self-organizing fashion. The fuzzy parameter selection tree is designed to make optimal selections of root concept parameters. The strategy tree is a fuzzy tree that an agent uses to try to predict the behavior of an enemy. Finally, the five approaches to validating the expert system are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5741, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44025-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2412 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY01R UT WOS:000187252500038 ER PT S AU VanLehn, K Lynch, C Taylor, L Weinstein, A Shelby, R Schulze, K Treacy, D Wintersgill, M AF VanLehn, K Lynch, C Taylor, L Weinstein, A Shelby, R Schulze, K Treacy, D Wintersgill, M BE Cerri, SA Gouarderes, G Paraguacu, F TI Minimally invasive tutoring of complex physics problem solving SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL SAN SEBASTIAN, SPAIN SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Int Federat Informat Proc, Artificial Intelligence Educ Soc, IEEE CS Learning Technol Task Force, French Direct Gen Armement, Asociac Espanola Inteligencia Artificial AB Solving complex physics problems requires some kind of knowledge for selecting appropriate applications of physics principles. This knowledge is tacit, in that it is not explicitly taught in textbooks, existing tutoring systems or anywhere else. Experts seem to have acquired it via implicit learning and may not be aware of it. Andes is a coach for physics problem solving that has had good evaluations, but still does not teach complex problem solving as well as we would like. The conventional ITS approach to increasing its effectiveness requires teaching the tacit knowledge explicitly, and yet this would cause Andes to be more invasive. In particular, the textbooks and instructors would have to make space in an already packed curriculum for teaching the tacit knowledge. This paper discusses our attempts to teach the tacit knowledge without making Andes more invasive. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, LRDC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, LRDC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM VanLehn@cs.pitt.edu; collinL@pitt.edu; lht@lzri.com; andersw@pitt.edu; Shelby@usna.edu; Schulze@usna.edu; Treacy@usna.edu; Minter@usna.edu NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43750-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2363 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV79M UT WOS:000180067900040 ER PT J AU Tucker, D AF Tucker, D TI Terrorism and US foreign policy. SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Tucker, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 218 EP 218 PG 1 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 518NR UT WOS:000173675200084 ER PT S AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An integrated failure detection and fault correction model SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Software Maintenance CY OCT 03-06, 2002 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Council Software Engn AB In general, software reliability models have focused on modeling and predicting failure occurrence and have not given equal priority to modeling the fault correction process. However, there is a need for fault correction prediction, because there are important applications that fault correction modeling and prediction support. These are the following: predicting whether reliability goals have been achieved, developing stopping rules for testing, formulating test strategies, and rationally allocating test resources. Because these factors are related, we integrate them in our model. Our modeling approach involves relating fault correction to failure prediction, with a time delay estimated from a fault correction queuing model. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93953 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93953 USA. EM nschneid@nps.navy.mil NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6773 BN 0-7695-1819-2 J9 PROC IEEE INT CONF S PY 2002 BP 238 EP 241 DI 10.1109/ICSM.2002.1167772 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BV44N UT WOS:000178983800030 ER PT J AU Garmestani, H Kalidindi, SR Williams, L Bacaltchuk, CM Fountain, C Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Garmestani, H Kalidindi, SR Williams, L Bacaltchuk, CM Fountain, C Lee, EW Es-Said, OS TI Modeling the evolution of anisotropy in Al-Li alloys: application to Al-Li 2090-T8E41 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE precipitation hardening; crystallographic texture; anisotropic material; cross rolling; crystal plasticity ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; POLYCRYSTALLINE METALS; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; FCC POLYCRYSTALS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTIONS; KINETICS AB It is widely reported in current literature that the precipitation hardened Al-Li sheet alloys exhibit extremely high anisotropy in yield (and ultimate tensile) strength, which is well beyond what can be explained as purely a consequence of the strong crystallographic texture in the material (e.g. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A265, 1999, 100). This paper presents a crystal plasticity based modeling framework that will (i) facilitate the segregation of the contributions to the overall anisotropy front crystallographic texture and precipitation hardening, and (ii) correlate the contribution from precipitate hardening to either co-planar slip activity or the noncoplanar slip activity in the cold-working step prior to the aging heat treatment. More specifically, a Taylor-type (fully-constrained) crystal plasticity model was formulated to predict the yield strength of the fully processed sheet and its anisotropy, while accounting for the initial texture in the hot-worked sheet, its evolution during the cold-working step prior to aging, and the inhomogeneous nucleation of the T-1 phase platelets (these are known to form on {111} planes, but not usually in equal amounts on the different {111} planes in a given crystal). In an effort to illustrate the methodology developed in the study, a limited set of experiments was conducted on Al-Li 2090-T8E41 alloy sheet. Off-axis stretches were applied on the sheet at room temperature prior to the aging treatment, and the mechanical anisotropy in the fully processed sheets was characterized by performing tension tests on coupons cut from the sheet at 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90degrees to the original rolling direction (RD). Both the initial texture in the sheet and its evolution during the different off-axis stretches were characterized. The alloys processed in this study showed pronounced anisotropy. The application of the methodology developed in this study revealed that much of the observed anisotropy in this particular data set could be explained by accounting for the texture in the sample in the processed condition. Although the data set available was inadequate to establish clear correlations of the anisotropy with preferential hardening mechanisms arising from either co-planar or non-co-planar slip activity during the off-axis stretch, there were indications favoring the latter. This case study, however, illustrates the application of the methodology developed in this study to obtain better insight into the nature of the anisotropy in these sheets and its physical origin. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. MARTECH, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. RP Garmestani, H (reprint author), FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; OI Kalidindi, Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1373 EP 1393 AR PII S0749-6419(01)00073-0 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(01)00073-0 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 596KT UT WOS:000178164600005 ER PT J AU Angelis, DI AF Angelis, DI TI An option model for R&D valuation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE real options; R&D valuation; R&D management; R&D investment ID REAL OPTIONS AB The valuation of research and development is a difficult task for managers. The traditional net present Value methods fail to consider the value of managerial flexibility provided by R&D projects: the option to implement the results of the project if the research phase is successful, or terminate it if the results are not promising. The ability to abandon the effort allows management to limit losses and is similar to a stock option, which can be valued using well-established option pricing theory (Black-Scholes model). Unfortunately, many of the assumptions made for stock prices are not applicable to R&D projects, making it difficult to apply the Black-Scholes model to real options. In particular, changes in the value of the underlying asset resulting from R&D efforts arc not entirely random and cannot be modelled as a random walk. The model presented in this paper addresses this problem by making no assumptions about how the underlying asset value changes over time. Instead,, the R&D value is derived from the production and marketing costs and anticipated revenues of the project. This approach provides a simple tool that will appeal to practitioners familiar with cost and revenue projections. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93923 USA. RP Angelis, DI (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, 1522 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93923 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0267-5730 J9 INT J TECHNOL MANAGE JI Int. J. Technol. Manage. PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 44 EP 56 DI 10.1504/IJTM.2002.003043 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 561GB UT WOS:000176130900004 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Gong, JZ Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Gong, JZ Sun, FR Wu, C TI Effect of heat transfer on the performance of thermoelectric generators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE thermoelectric generator; multi-elements device; heat transfer effect; finite time thermodynamics ID POWER; AVAILABILITY; ENGINES AB The power output and efficiency expressions for thermoelectric (semiconductor) generators which is composed of multi-elements are derived with considerations of heat transfer irreversibility in the heat exchangers between the generator and the heat reservoirs. Numerical examples are provided. The effects of heat transfer and the number of elements on the performance are analyzed. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 15 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 30 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 AR PII S1290-0729(01)01307-2 DI 10.1016/S1290-0729(01)01307-2 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 525YH UT WOS:000174101300009 ER PT S AU Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ Howard, RA Brueckner, GE Cyr, OCS Thompson, BJ Simnett, GM Schwenn, R Lamy, P AF Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ Howard, RA Brueckner, GE Cyr, OCS Thompson, BJ Simnett, GM Schwenn, R Lamy, P BE Shea, MA TI New insights on the onsets of coronal mass ejections from SOHO SO INTERNATIONAL SOLAR CYCLE STUDY (ISCS) SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Solar Cycle Study Workshop CY JUL, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Sci Comm Solar Terrestial Phys, Comm Solar Terrestial Res Japan, Comm Space Res ID EARTH CONNECTION EVENT; SOLAR-ACTIVITY; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; SMM OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC CLOUD; JANUARY 1997; FLUX ROPE; STREAMER; TRANSIENTS; EVOLUTION AB Coronal mass ejections (CMES) are among the most dramatic forms of transient activity occurring in the solar atmosphere. Despite over twenty years of research, many basic questions related to the physics of CMEs have remained unanswered. Observations with the LASCO and EIT experiments on SOHO, combined with recent theoretical modeling, have provided new insights on some of these outstanding questions and have also raised many new ones that need to be addressed in the future. In this paper, we present some of the new results from SOHO pertaining to the source regions and onsets of CMEs, and their evolution in the corona. We emphasize the important role that studies of CMEs will play in the International Solar Cycle Studies program. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Computat Phys Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Lindau, Germany. Astron Spatiale Lab, Marseille, France. RP Plunkett, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1473 EP 1488 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00207-7 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00207-7 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU82U UT WOS:000177134900009 ER PT S AU Harrison, RA Michels, D AF Harrison, RA Michels, D BE Shea, MA TI International Solar Cycle Studies [ISCS] Working Group 2: Solar magnetic field variability - From the lower atmosphere through the inner corona SO INTERNATIONAL SOLAR CYCLE STUDY (ISCS) SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Solar Cycle Study Workshop CY JUL, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Sci Comm Solar Terrestial Phys, Comm Solar Terrestial Res Japan, Comm Space Res ID MASS EJECTION; FLARES AB This report is a summary of activities and plans relating to the International Solar Cycle Studies (ISCS) Working Group 2, which is concerned with solar magnetic field variability, from the lower atmosphere through the inner corona. Whilst the Working Group carries a, rather general title. the activities are focusing on several well defined topics - in particular the onset of coronal mass ejection events. Recognising the large number of scientific meetings worldwide, the working style of this group is aimed at improving communication, information exchange and collaboration making use of existing meetings and with a minimum of red tape. The core of the activity is through the use of the World Wide Web and e-mail. In this way, this Working Group does not introduce extra effort, but provides a better focus for on-going projects. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, Dept Space Sci, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harrison, RA (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Dept Space Sci, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1583 EP 1587 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00220-X DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00220-X PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU82U UT WOS:000177134900022 ER PT J AU Maule, R Schacher, G Gallup, S AF Maule, R Schacher, G Gallup, S TI Knowledge management for the analysis of complex experimentation SO INTERNET RESEARCH-ELECTRONIC NETWORKING APPLICATIONS AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE knowledge management; artificial intelligence; knowledge-based systems AB Government agencies carry out many events each year designed to determine future requirements and capabilities. These events include field experiments, surveys, interviews, simulations and workshops. Similar themes are evident across many of these events. Unfortunately, mechanisms for passing information from one event to the next, or for developing bodies of knowledge in the topical areas they address, have yet to be fully developed. The task is difficult on two fronts. In response to this need a knowledge management capability was developed to help provide structure for dynamic and static data and thereby, aid in the analysis of complex experimentation. The system warehouses qualitative and quantitative data and supports mining operations through a number of traditional and artificial intelligence-based techniques. Described are the information architecture of the system, the knowledge processing methodologies, and the structure of the thematic data sets that form the knowledge ontologies. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, CSUMB, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Maule, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, CSUMB, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU EMERALD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1066-2243 J9 INTERNET RES JI Internet Res.-Electron. Netw. Appl. Policy PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1108/10662240210447173 PG 9 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 631QU UT WOS:000180179100007 ER PT J AU McCafferty, E AF McCafferty, E TI Acid-base effects in polymer adhesion at metal surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Acid-Base Interactions CY JUN 13-14, 2001 CL NEWARK, NEW JERSEY DE polymers; oxide films; acid-base; isoelectric point; van Oss, Chaudhury, and Good method; peel strength; pull-off force ID CONTACT-ANGLE; OXIDE-FILMS AB The Lewis acid-Lewis base properties of various polymers have been determined by measuring the contributions gamma(S)(+) and gamma(S)(-) to the solid surface free energy using the contact angle approach of van Oss, Chaudhury, and Good. A new linear method to solve for gamma(S)(+) and gamma(S)(-) is employed in addition to the usual approach which uses three simultaneous equations. The set of liquid surface tension parameters developed by van Oss, Chaudbury, and Good, and the recent set of values developed by Della Volpe and Siboni are both useful in distinguishing between acidic and basic polymers. The adhesion (peel force) of an acidic pressure-sensitive adhesive is greatest on a basic oxide film. In addition, the adhesion (pull-off force) of the basic polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) is greatest for acidic oxide films. Thus, direct experimental evidence is provided as to the importance of Lewis acid-Lewis base effects in the adhesion of polymers on oxide-covered metals. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McCafferty, E (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1163/156856102317295478 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 540XC UT WOS:000174955300002 ER PT J AU Lee, EU George, K Agarwala, VV Sanders, H London, G AF Lee, EU George, K Agarwala, VV Sanders, H London, G TI Mechanical behavior of Be-Al alloys SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE-CRACK-GROWTH AB This study was conducted to identify the mechanical behavior of a wrought 62Be-38Al alloy and a cast 65Be-32Al-3Ni alloy. Tensile strength and elongation were measured at room and elevated temperatures. Fracture toughness was determined at room temperature. Fatigue resistance was characterized in terms of stress-life (S-N) and crack growth rate-stress intensity range (da/dN-DeltaK) relations at room temperature. The resulting microstructures and crack paths of the aforementioned were also examined. The microstructure of the wrought and cast alloys consists of Be-phase particles dispersed within an Al-phase matrix. The Be-phase particles are aligned along the rolling direction in the wrought alloy, whereas they are, coarser and round with no directionality in the cast alloy. Overall, the wrought alloy has better mechanical properties, including fatigue resistance, than the cast alloy. The conditional plane strain fracture toughnesses of the wrought alloy were determined to be 38.8 and 22.4 MPa rootm (35.3 and 20.4 ksi root in)for the L-T and T-L orientations at room temperature, respectively. The crack path follows preferentially along the Al-phase and the Al/Be interfacial region for the wrought alloy at all temperatures and for the cast alloy at higher temperatures during tensile, fracture-toughness, and fatigue testing. However while tensile testing at room temperature, the crack cuts through the Be- and Al-phases in the cast alloy. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Lee, EU (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 5 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 505UR UT WOS:000172934400002 ER PT J AU Paul, D Kelly, L Venkayya, V Hess, T AF Paul, D Kelly, L Venkayya, V Hess, T TI Evolution of US military aircraft structures technology SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A survey of the major structures technology developments that have influenced modern aircraft design is presented. The authors' perspectives on the key materials and design concepts that are presently driving U.S. Air Force and Navy military airframes are presented. The current focus of research and development (R&D) structural development resources and the reasons for this focus are addressed. Some thoughts on how to approach future designs are provided, and the structures technologies that are expected to be the focus of future R&D efforts are identified. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Struct Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Paul, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Struct Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 DI 10.2514/2.2920 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 520BH UT WOS:000173759700003 ER PT J AU Rogers, DF AF Rogers, DF TI An engineering flight-test course emphasizing flight mechanics concepts SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB To provide real-world experience for aeronautical engineering students at the U.S. Naval Academy, a flight-test engineering course was developed and implemented. The course used flights both in an actual aircraft and in a motion-based simulator. Cost, scheduling, manpower, and safety were the principal considerations in obtaining approval. Cost was contained by using a rented aircraft and limiting the course enrollment to 12 students. The availability of an experienced pilot in the chosen aircraft also contributed to cost containment. Data acquisition was accomplished using handheld and standard onboard instrumentation. Selecting benign flight-test profiles contributed to safety. Experimental results were excellent, and the course was well received by students. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rogers, DF (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.2514/2.2898 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 520BH UT WOS:000173759700010 ER PT J AU Ghee, TA Gonzalez, HA Findlay, DB AF Ghee, TA Gonzalez, HA Findlay, DB TI Tail buffet alleviation through the use of wing-strake fillet shapes SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Various fillet shapes at the strake-wing juncture of a 76/40 deg double-delta wing model were experimentally investigated to gauge the effect of the fillet in alleviating adverse vortex/tail interaction. The vertical tails were instrumented with 28 fast-response pressure transducers. Pressure time histories and frequency power spectral densities were analyzed for four wing-strake fillet configurations and at three spanwise tail locations. Angle of attack was varied from -2 to 40 deg, tunnel dynamic pressure was 26.74 psf (1280 pascals), and Reynolds number was 1.3 x 10(6). The results show that the fillet geometry can increase or decrease tail buffet in comparison to the baseline, no fillet case. Linear and parabolic fillet shapes were found to increase tail buffet above the baseline case. A diamond fillet shape was found to alleviate tail buffet and shift the tail buffet to a higher frequency. The use of such a shape on flight vehicles may result in a longer fatigue life of the vertical tails. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ghee, TA (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, NAVAIR 4321,Bldg 2187,Suite 1320B, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.2514/2.2901 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 520BH UT WOS:000173759700013 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM Jones, RT Yunginger, JW AF Kelso, JM Jones, RT Yunginger, JW TI Allergy to chinchilla SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 1061 BP S342 EP S342 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)82196-0 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744801058 ER PT J AU Noyes, TJA Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC AF Noyes, TJA Guza, RT Elgar, S Herbers, THC TI Comparison of methods for estimating nearshore shear wave variance SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEAN LONGSHORE-CURRENT; INSTABILITIES; GRAVITY; BEACH AB Shear waves (instabilities of the breaking wave-driven mean alongshore current) and gravity waves both contribute substantial velocity fluctuations to nearshore infragravity motions (periods of a few minutes). Three existing methods of estimating the shear wave contribution to the infragravity velocity variance are compared using extensive field observations. The iterative maximum likelihood estimator (IMLE) and the direct estimator (DE) methods use an alongshore array of current meters, and ascribe all the velocity variance at non-gravity wavenumbers to shear waves. The ratio (R) method uses a collocated pressure gauge and current meter, and assumes that shear wave pressure fluctuations are small, and that the kinetic and potential energies of gravity waves are equal. The shear wave velocity variance [q(sw)(2)] estimated from the relative magnitudes of the total (shear plus gravity wave) pressure and velocity variances. Estimates of root-mean-square shear wave velocity fluctuations root [q(sw)(2)] from all three methods are generally in good agreement (correlations >0.96), supporting the validity of their underlying assumptions. When root [q(sw)(2)] is greater than a few centimeters per second, IMLE and DE estimates of root [q(sw)(2)] differ by less than 10%. The R estimates of root [q(sw)(2)] are usually higher than the IMLE and DE estimates, and on average the R method attributes 15% more of the total horizontal velocity variance to shear waves than is attributed by the IMLE method. When mean currents and shear waves are weak, all three estimators are noisy and biased high. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Noyes, TJA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, 9500 Gilman Dr,No 209, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0136:COMFEN>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XR UT WOS:000172881900012 ER PT J AU Kalogiros, JA Wang, Q AF Kalogiros, JA Wang, Q TI Calibration of a radome-differential GPS system on a twin otter research aircraft for turbulence measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND AB A five-hole radome pressure probe at the nose of a small two-engine newly instrumented research aircraft was combined with global positioning system (GPS) receivers in differential mode to obtain high frequency measurements of the wind vector in the atmospheric boundary layer with possible accuracy (root-mean-square error) of about 0.1 m s(-1). This low cost and simple system can provide wind velocity measurements of sufficient accuracy to estimate turbulent fluctuations. Special aircraft maneuvers above the atmospheric boundary layer were used to calibrate the radome probe. The analysis of these data showed that the static pressure defect has a significant dependence on flow angles and is affected by the propellers when significant thrust is applied. Using a simple method, the authors found that the pressure distribution on the radome deviated from the one expected for airflow incident on a sphere by more than 5%, the authors also detected a problem in the attack angle differential pressure sensor. The calibration of the local attack and sideslip flow angles due to flow distortion by the aircraft was obtained using two different methods. The first method was a least wind variance one assuming a linear form for the calibration of flow angles. This method is easy to use and can be applied in the presence of turbulence, but does not reveal any possible nonlinear dependence or problems in the data. The second method was a direct one that assumes near-zero mean vertical wind velocity above the boundary layer, while an average horizontal wind was estimated using the airstream speed with respect to the aircraft and the aircraft velocity from the differential GPS data. These methods gave similar results and, thus, increased the reliability of the calibration. The performance of the calibration procedure of the whole system was tested by examining the sensitivity of estimated wind components to the aircraft motion (about 5%) and the quality of mean profiles and turbulence statistics in the boundary layer. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kalogiros, JA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, S89 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0159:COARDG>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CC UT WOS:000173418200002 ER PT J AU Fox, DN Teague, WJ Barron, CN Carnes, MR Lee, CM AF Fox, DN Teague, WJ Barron, CN Carnes, MR Lee, CM TI The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) is used by the U.S. Navy for depiction of three-dimensional fields of temperature and salinity over the global ocean. MODAS includes both a static climatology and a dynamic climatology. While the static climatology represents the historical averages, the dynamic climatology assimilates near-real-time observations of sea surface height and sea surface temperature and provides improved temperature and salinity fields. The methodology for the construction of the MODAS climatology is described here. MODAS is compared with Levitus and Generalized Digital Environmental Model climatologies and with temperature and salinity profiles measured by SeaSoar in the Japan/East Sea to illustrate MODAS capabilities. MODAS with assimilated remotely sensed data is able to portray time-varying dynamical features that cannot be represented by static climatologies. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Naval Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7332, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 22 TC 168 Z9 177 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0240:TMODAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CC UT WOS:000173418200007 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Altekin, A AF Kwon, YW Altekin, A TI Multilevel, micro/macro-approach for analysis of woven-fabric composite plates SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MICROMECHANICS MODEL; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; DAMAGE; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; MODULI AB An approach was developed to analyze woven-fabric composite structures based on microlevel properties of the fiber and matrix materials. The approach is based on bilateral relationships among the fiber and matrix materials, unidirectional composites (strands), woven fabric layers, and laminated composite structures, as given in the sequence. Simplified analytical models were developed for the relationship between any two subsequent levels. The approach can predict the stiffness, strength and progressive failure of woven-fabric composite structures using material properties of the fiber and matrix materials, their volume fractions, and the information for weaving and lamination. Progressive failure can be described at the fundamental level like fiber failure, matrix failure and interface failure. Example problems were presented for evaluation of predicted stiffness, strength, and failure for plain-weave composite plates subjected to inplane or bending loads. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1005 EP 1022 DI 10.1106/002199802023199 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 562AM UT WOS:000176175300007 ER PT J AU Miller, PH AF Miller, PH TI Effects of moisture absorption and test method on the properties of E-glass/polyester hull laminates SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE moisture absorption; fatigue; flexural testing; marine composites; finite element analysis AB Effects of moisture absorption on the tensile, compressive, shear, bending and bending fatigue properties of an iso-polyester/E-glass hull laminate were studied. Fickian diffusion constants were found that closely modeled moisture absorption. Comparisons were made of standard moisture experiments using boiling water versus long-term exposure. Results indicated that the boiling water test yielded significantly conservative values. Fatigue endurance limits were found to be near 25% of static load, indicating a fatigue design factor of four is required for infinite service with this material. Coupon results were used with finite element analysis (FEA) to predict panel deformations and strains. Good correlation was achieved. C1 USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Miller, PH (reprint author), USN Acad, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn Dept, 590 Halloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1065 EP 1078 DI 10.1106/002199802023510 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 562AP UT WOS:000176175500003 ER PT J AU Ge, YL Grossman, RI Udupa, JK Babb, JS Mannon, LJ McGowan, JC AF Ge, YL Grossman, RI Udupa, JK Babb, JS Mannon, LJ McGowan, JC TI Magnetization transfer ratio histogram analysis of normal-appearing gray matter and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE magnetization transfer ratio; magnetic resonance imaging; multiple sclerosis ID T2 LESION VOLUME; DISEASE BURDEN; MICROSCOPIC DISEASE; BRAIN ATROPHY; AXONAL LOSS; MS LESIONS; MR-IMAGES; IN-VIVO; DISABILITY; SERIAL AB Purpose: The purpose of this work was to determine the extent of disease and disease severity in the conventional MR normal-appearing gray matter (NAGM) and white matter (NAWM) in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary proaggressive (SP) multi le sclerosis (MS) utilizing quantitative magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) histogram analysis. Method: Twenty-seven patients with MS (16 RR, 11 SP) and 16 healthy control subjects were studied. MTR was calculated in the totally segmented GM and WM without T2 lesions in each group. Results: Each of the RR and SP MS patient groups had significantly smaller MTR histogram mean values in NAGM and NAWM than the healthy subjects (p less than or equal to 0.0015). SP MS patients had a significantly lower first quartile and MTR histogram peak height for NAGM only (p less than or equal to 0.004) when compared with both RR MS patients and healthy subjects. The T2 lesion load had a modest negative correlation with MTR values in both RR and SP MS, but only in NAGM. Conclusion: Separate analysis of OM and WM MTR histograms may allow better detection of subtle damage and better understanding of the natural history of MS disease and ultimately the response to therapeutics. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Grossman, RI (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 550 1St Ave,HW202, New York, NY 10016 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS29029, NS34353, NS37172] NR 51 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-8715 J9 J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO JI J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1097/00004728-200201000-00009 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 514GP UT WOS:000173430900008 PM 11801905 ER PT J AU Bardo, RD Fischer, EC Stoyanov, AJ Uberall, H AF Bardo, RD Fischer, EC Stoyanov, AJ Uberall, H TI Microwave scattering from macroscopic gratings SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FINITE AB Microwaves can exhibit Bragg diffraction effects when their wavelength becomes shorter than the spacing of grooves in a macroscopic grating of parallel grooves or ridges. For spacings of the order of a few centimeters, these effects will appear at about 10 GHz or above, or at lower frequencies if the incidence is closer to grazing. We study these diffraction phenomena for a general (3D) incidence of the microwave beam, both regarding their geometry, and regarding their intensity, using certain simple scattering approximations for the latter purpose. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Bardo, RD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 7 BP 911 EP 925 DI 10.1163/156939302X00255 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 583KE UT WOS:000177406400003 ER PT J AU Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN Moore, PG Smith, DL Lambrakos, SG AF Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN Moore, PG Smith, DL Lambrakos, SG TI Ultra-near fields of penetrable bodies of translation: omega-kappa representations SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB Ultra-near fields scattered from penetrable bodies of translation (BOTs) are examined in the frequency wave vector (omega-kappa) domain. The classes of penetrable BOTs considered here include those with discrete homogeneous or inhomogeneous regions. For the latter case the region can be partially penetrable containing perfectly electrically conducting (p.e.c.) inclusions. The permittivity and permeability of each subregion can be complex. The electromagnetic scattering formulation is given in terms of a coupled system of integral equations. These are solved for the external electric and magnetic currents via the method of moments (MM). Next the omega-kappa representations for the ultra-near electric and magnetic fields in the proximity of the body are obtained by a Fourier transformation of the integral operators over the spatial domain. The resulting omega-kappa, representations delineate the propagating and evanescent components of the fields. The analysis is extendable to finite layered media. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medgyesi-Mitschang, LN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5050,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1467 EP 1483 DI 10.1163/156939302X00101 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 627PH UT WOS:000179941100010 ER PT J AU Kass, FC Holman, JR AF Kass, FC Holman, JR TI Infant circumcision - Response SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 51 IS 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 513CB UT WOS:000173359400018 ER PT J AU Jackson, DA Gaglione, AM Spellman, D AF Jackson, DA Gaglione, AM Spellman, D TI Basic commutators as relators SO JOURNAL OF GROUP THEORY LA English DT Article AB Charles Sims [6] has asked whether or not the lower central subgroup gamma(n)(F) of a free group F coincides with the normal closure in F of the set of basic commutators of weight n. Here, we investigate variations of this question concerning other varieties or other sets of commutators. We also give brief new proofs that this question has a positive answer in the previously known cases for weight n at most 4 and for the case where n = 5 and F is free with rank 2. We show that for n greater than or equal to 4, gamma(n)(F) is the normal closure in F of the set of basic commutators having weights n through 2n - 4, inclusive. This is a common generalization of Sims' result for weight 4 and a result of Martin Ward, but both of these earlier results are used in the proof. C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Math & Math Comp Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Jackson, DA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Math & Math Comp Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-5883 J9 J GROUP THEORY JI J. Group Theory PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1515/jgth.2002.008 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 581KA UT WOS:000177290000008 ER PT J AU Fine, B Gaglione, AM Myasnikov, A Spellman, D AF Fine, B Gaglione, AM Myasnikov, A Spellman, D TI Groups whose universal theory is axiomatizable by quasi-identities SO JOURNAL OF GROUP THEORY LA English DT Article ID DISCRIMINATING GROUPS AB Discriminating groups were introduced in [3] with an eye toward applications to the universal theory of various groups. In [6] it was shown that if G is any discriminating group, then the universal theory of G coincides with that of its direct square G x G. In this paper we explore groups G whose universal theory coincides with that of their direct square. These are called square-like groups. We show that the class of square-like groups is first-order axiomatizable and contains the class of discriminating groups as a proper subclass. Further we show that the class of discriminating groups is not first-order axiomatizable. C1 Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Math, New York, NY 10031 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Math, Philadelphia, PA 19132 USA. RP Fine, B (reprint author), Fairfield Univ, Dept Math, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-5883 J9 J GROUP THEORY JI J. Group Theory PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 365 EP 381 DI 10.1515/jgth.2002.009 PG 17 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 581KA UT WOS:000177290000009 ER PT J AU Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Fahroo, F Ross, IM TI Direct trajectory optimization by a Chebyshev pseudospectral method SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID COLLOCATION AB We present a Chebyshev pseudospectral method for directly solving a generic Bolza optimal control problem with state and control constraints. This method employs Nth-degree Lagrange polynomial approximations for the state and control variables with the values of these variables at the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto (CGL) points as the expansion coefficients. This process yields a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) with the state and control values at the CGL points as unknown NLP parameters. Numerical examples demonstrate that this method yields more accurate results than those obtained from the traditional collocation methods. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code MA-Ff, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.navy.mil; imross@nps.navy.mil NR 25 TC 155 Z9 188 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.2514/2.4862 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 513XH UT WOS:000173405800019 ER PT J AU Song, G Schmidt, SP Agrawal, BN AF Song, G Schmidt, SP Agrawal, BN TI Experimental robustness study of positive position feedback control for active vibration suppression SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES C1 Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Song, G (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 9 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.2514/2.4865 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 513XH UT WOS:000173405800022 ER PT J AU Dao, KD Shin, AY Kelley, S Wood, VE AF Dao, KD Shin, AY Kelley, S Wood, VE TI Thumb radial angulation correction without phalangeal osteotomy in Apert's syndrome SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE Apert's syndrome; thumb; acrosyndactyly ID PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AB A surgical technique to correct thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint radial angulation in patients with Apert's syndrome that obviates osteotomy of the proximal phalanx is described. The anomalous insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis tendon to the distal phalanx radially is released and reattached to the radial base of the proximal phalanx. A radial MCP joint capsulotomy is performed; excision of a cartilaginous prominence on the ulnar aspect of the metacarpal head is required to assist in joint alignment, which is temporarily maintained with a K-wire. Two children underwent bilateral thumb reconstructions using this technique. At 1.5 and 5.6 years after surgery the thumbs were straight and radiographs revealed no residual lateral angulation at the MCP joint, The parents were satisfied with the results. This technique of correction of Apert's thumb radial angulation is simple and reliable and produces satisfactory clinical results. (J Hand Surg 2002;27A:125-132. Copyright (C) 2002 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.). C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Hand Surg Serv, Loma Linda, CA USA. RP Dao, KD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 27A IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1053/jhsu.2002.27772 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 512MQ UT WOS:000173328500018 PM 11810626 ER PT J AU Jones, TR Norton, MS Johnstone, PAS Kane, E Shin, AY AF Jones, TR Norton, MS Johnstone, PAS Kane, E Shin, AY TI Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult forearm: A case report SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma; adult; upper extremity; treatment ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; LOCAL RECURRENCE; INTERGROUP RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; EXTREMITY RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; RADIATION-THERAPY; MANAGEMENT; METASTASES; DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY AB Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy, and treatment protocols for this tumor are not established. Although Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study data have led to improvement in overall and disease-free survival for children with juvenile RMS, the applicability of those findings to adult pleomorphic RMS is uncertain. This report presents the case of a 29-year-old man with pleomorphic RMS of the forearm (a location not previously reported in current literature); reviews the immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and histologic diagnostic criteria; and discusses treatment. (J Hand Surg 2002;27A: 154-159. Copyright (C) 2002 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.). C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Radiat Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Surg Pathol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 27A IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 512MQ UT WOS:000173328500023 PM 11810631 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Hartley, J AF Kostoff, RN Hartley, J TI Open letter to technical journal editors regarding structured abstracts: this letter proposes that structured abstracts be required for all technical journal articles SO JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID INFORMATIVE ABSTRACTS C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Keele, Dept Psychol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM Kostofr@onr.navy.mil; jhartley@psy.keele.ac.uk NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0165-5515 J9 J INF SCI JI J. Inf. Sci. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 257 EP 261 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 583MU UT WOS:000177412300008 ER PT J AU Baker, M Miceli, TJ Sirmans, CF Turnbull, GK AF Baker, M Miceli, TJ Sirmans, CF Turnbull, GK TI Optimal title search SO JOURNAL OF LEGAL STUDIES LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB In the United States, title to land is protected by a system of public records that would-be buyers must consult in order to ensure that they are dealing with the true owner. Search is a costly process, however, especially as one goes back in time and the records deteriorate. This paper uses a sequential search model to determine how far back in time buyers should search. We find that, in general, search of the entire record is not optimal, which implies that optimal search does not establish title with certainty. We test the model using state statutes and search guidelines that limit the required length of title search. Our results show that the search limits vary across states according to the predictions of the model. C1 USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Econ, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Business Adm, Dept Finance, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Business Adm, Real Estate Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Econ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Baker, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0047-2530 J9 J LEGAL STUD JI J. Legal Stud. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 139 EP 158 DI 10.1086/324658 PN 1 PG 20 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 542KJ UT WOS:000175042200007 ER PT J AU Krahenbuhl, R Howerton, MM Dubinger, J Greenblatt, AS AF Krahenbuhl, R Howerton, MM Dubinger, J Greenblatt, AS TI Performance and modeling of advanced Ti : LiNbO3 digital optical switches SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digital modulation; electrooptical switch; optical communication; wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ID VOLTAGE-LENGTH PRODUCT; WAVE-GUIDES; CROSSTALK; MODULATORS; MATRIX; BRANCH AB High-performance Y-branch digital optical switches realized in Ti: LiNbO3 are presented. Their switching response functions have been optimized in terms of switch voltage and crosstalk ratio. The optimization is based on analyzing different types of waveguide shaping and switching arrangements using coupled mode theory and computer simulations. Excellent switching characteristics are achieved with devices exploiting a specially shaped waveguide branch in a dilated switch arrangement. Demonstrated performances include switching voltage as low as 9 V with crosstalk suppression better than 45 dB and fiber-to-fiber losses as low as 4 dB. Polarization independence with crosstalk suppression better than 40 dB over a 1520- to 1570-nm wavelength range is achieved for any applied switch voltage greater than 18 V. These optimized digital optical switches have further demonstrated the capability to reshape electrical input signals at switching rates of several hundred megahertz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krahenbuhl, R (reprint author), Huber & Suhner AG, Fiber Opt Div, CH-24061 Herisau, Switzerland. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1109/50.974823 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 511ED UT WOS:000173250900012 ER PT J AU Rusby, RL Durieux, M Reesink, AL Hudson, RP Schuster, G Kuhne, M Fogle, WE Soulen, RJ Adams, ED AF Rusby, RL Durieux, M Reesink, AL Hudson, RP Schuster, G Kuhne, M Fogle, WE Soulen, RJ Adams, ED TI The provisional low temperature scale from 0.9 mK to 1 K, PLTS-2000 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Fluids and Solids (QFS 2001) CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV KONSTANZ, CONSTANCE, GERMANY SP German Sci Fdn, State Baden Wurttemberg HO UNIV KONSTANZ ID HE-3; HEAT; THERMOMETRY AB An internationally-accepted ultra-loin temperature,scale is needed to provide the basis for reliable thermometry in the temperature range in which commercial dilution refrigerators operate, and in experiments investigating the properties of He-3 and other condensed matter. Several laboratories haze developed He-3 melting-pressure scales, but there are substantial differences even between the most recent of them. These amount to about 0.3 % of T near 500 mK, rising to about 6 % of T at 0.9 mK. In 1996 a collaboration was initiated between low, temperature physicists in national laboratories and elsewhere to derive an equation for the melting pressure of He-3 which could be accepted for international case from 1 K to 0.9 mK, the Neel temperature of solid He-3. After an open workshop in Leiden in 1998, discussions took place to see if thermodynamic calculation of He-3 melting pressures could re-solve the differences. In.January 2000 the authors (apart from ALR and C,5) met at NIST and Mere able to reach a compromise on the Provisional Loco Temperature Scale, PLTS-2000. Its 1-sigma uncertainty is estimated to be 0.3 % of T (up to a maximum of 0.5 mK), but this rises to about 2 % of T at 0.9 mK. The provisional status recognizes that the PLTS-2000 is a compromise, rather than a true consensus, but it is likely to be some years before it can be replaced by a more accurate scale. The scale was announced at the Quantum Fluids and Solids Conference in Minnesota, USA, in,Tune 2000, and was formally adopted by the Comity International des Poids et Mesures in October 2000. C1 Natl Phys Lab, CBTLM, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rusby, RL (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, CBTLM, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 633 EP 642 DI 10.1023/A:1013791823354 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 523YX UT WOS:000173986100098 ER PT J AU Hartshorn, CM Singh, A Chang, EL AF Hartshorn, CM Singh, A Chang, EL TI Metal-chelator polymers as organophosphate hydrolysis catalysts SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE DIESTER HYDROLYSIS; PHOSPHODIESTER HYDROLYSIS; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEX; REACTIVITY; PESTICIDES; KAOLINITE; PARATHION; CLEAVAGE; ESTERS; ACID AB A copper-containing polymer was prepared by free radical polymerization of a copper(II)-vinylbipyridyl complex with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. Hydrolysis of a phosphate monoester, 4-nitrophenyl phosphate, a diester, bis-4-nitrophenyl phosphate, and a triester, methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), in water-methanol (85:15) at pH 8.1 was investigated and compared to the hydrolytic ability of the analogous monomeric copper complex. Using the Michaelis-Menten formalism to characterize apparent catalytic constants, the rate of hydrolysis (k(cat)) for each phosphate ester substrate was found to be about an order of magnitude faster and the Km values up to two orders of magnitude lower for the polymeric catalysts compared to the homogeneous monomeric catalysts. The methyl parathion polymeric hydrolysis rate was 6.7 x 10(5) times faster than the uncatalyzed rate. Reasons for the enhanced catalytic activity, particularly at low substrate concentrations, are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Chang, EL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 602 EP 605 DI 10.1039/b107998k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524VR UT WOS:000174034000033 ER PT J AU Snow, AW Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Jernigan, GG Foos, EE Park, D AF Snow, AW Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Jernigan, GG Foos, EE Park, D TI Self-assembly of gold nanoclusters on micro- and nanoelectronic substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING APPLICATIONS; TEMPERATURE COULOMB-BLOCKADE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURE; AU; MONOLAYERS; METAL; MULTILAYERS; STAIRCASE AB Layer-by-layer self-assembly of hexanethiol stabilized gold nanoclusters by a series of alkanedithiol coupling agents [HS(CH2)(n)SH, n = 6, 8, 9, 12] onto SiO2/Si substrates with micron- and nanometre-scale Au electrodes is investigated by electron transport and XPS measurements. The self-assembly process for each layer consists of a two-step cycle of alkanedithiol treatment and gold cluster deposition. For maximized electron transport, critical features to optimize are the alkanedithiol chain length and the extent of dithiol coupling agent displacement of the hexanethiol ligand. Substitution of a phenethyl for the hexyl structure in the cluster ligand shell significantly enhances conductivity while substitution of a phenylene structure in the dithiol coupling agent has little effect on electron transport. Current-voltage characteristics for self-assembled depositions on the micron- scale electrode are found to be ohmic whereas I-V characteristics for analogous self-assemblies on the nanometre-scale electrode are initially nonlinear but become increasingly ohmic after about 3 cycles of deposition. The nonlinear features observed at the nanoscale are believed to be associated with Coulomb blockade. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1222 EP 1230 DI 10.1039/b108859a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 533VB UT WOS:000174550000074 ER PT J AU Beckham, HW Keller, TM AF Beckham, HW Keller, TM TI Diacetylene-terminated diacetylene-containing polysiloxanes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; COPOLYMERS; POLYIMIDE; SYSTEMS AB The presence of terminal diacetylenes in a diacetylene-containing poly(dimethylsiloxane) is demonstrated to emphasize their use as an alternative to other thermally reactive end groups for polymer cross-linking. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Polymer Educ & Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beckham, HW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Text & Fiber Engn, Polymer Educ & Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 12 BP 3363 EP 3365 DI 10.1039/b207065k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 620WA UT WOS:000179554700002 ER PT J AU Billings, L Schwartz, IB AF Billings, L Schwartz, IB TI Exciting chaos with noise: unexpected dynamics in epidemic outbreaks SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chaos; noise; bi-instability; population models ID BI-INSTABILITY; MODELS; PREDICTABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS; COMPLEXITY AB In this paper, we identify a mechanism for chaos in the presence of noise. In a study of the SEIR model, which predicts epidemic outbreaks in childhood diseases, we show how chaotic dynamics can be attained by adding stochastic perturbations at parameters where chaos does not exist apriori. Data recordings of epidemics in childhood diseases are still argued as deterministic chaos. There also exists noise due to uncertainties in the contact parameters between those who are susceptible and those who are infected, as well as random fluctuations in the population. Although chaos has been found in deterministic models, it only occurs in parameter regions that require a very large population base or other large seasonal forcing. Our work identifies the mechanism whereby chaos can be induced by noise for realistic parameter regions of the deterministic model where it does not naturally occur. C1 Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Billings, L (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0303-6812 J9 J MATH BIOL JI J. Math. Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 31 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s002850100110 PG 18 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 535YK UT WOS:000174673800002 PM 11942524 ER PT J AU He, JX Chen, JC Wu, C AF He, JX Chen, JC Wu, C TI Heat-transfer effect on the performance of a magnetic Ericsson refrigerator SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID IRREVERSIBLE ERICSSON; ENGINE; CYCLE; REGENERATION; CAPACITY AB The irreversibilities resulting from the finite-rate heat transfer between the working substance and the external heat reservoirs and the regenerative losses in regenerative processes are considered in the cycle model of a magnetic Ericsson refrigerator. The fundamental optimum relations between the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance and between the power input and the coefficient of performance are derived, based on a class of heat-transfer laws and the Curie law. The general characteristic curves of the cycle are presented. The effect of the different forms of the regenerative time and heat-transfer laws on the performance of the cycle is discussed in detail. The results obtained here will be useful to further understand the general optimum performance of real magnetic Ericsson refrigerators. C1 Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. Nanchang Univ, Dept Phys, Nanchang 330029, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. RI Chen, JC/G-4088-2010 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1515/JNETDY.2002.004 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 556YZ UT WOS:000175878800004 ER PT J AU Regan, TM Harris, DC Stroud, RM White, JR AF Regan, TM Harris, DC Stroud, RM White, JR TI Neutron irradiation of sapphire for compressive strengthening. I. Processing conditions and compressive strength SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; ALUMINA; DAMAGE; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS; AL2O3 AB Sapphire suffers a dramatic loss of c-axis compression strength at elevated temperatures. Irradiation of sapphire with fission-spectrum neutrons to an exposure of similar to10(22) neutrons/m(2) in the core of a 1 MW fission reactor increased the c-axis compression strength by a factor of similar to3 at 600 degreesC. Strength was similarly improved when 99% of slow neutrons (less than or equal to 0.1 eV) were removed by B-10 and Cd shields during irradiation. Annealing at 600 degreesC for 10 min changed the yellow-brown color of irradiated sapphire to pate yellow, but had no effect on compressive strength. Annealing irradiated sapphire at 1200 degreesC for 24 h reduced the compressive strength to its baseline value. Transmission electron microscopy suggests that fast-neutron-induced displacement damage inhibits the propagation of r-plane twins which are responsible for the low compressive strength. When irradiated with B-10 and Cd shielding, sapphire that was not grown in iridium crucibles is safe for unrestricted handling after 1 month. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Aspen Syst, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Radiat Lab, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Regan, TM (reprint author), Aspen Syst, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 300 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00711-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509TQ UT WOS:000173166100005 ER PT J AU Regan, TM Harris, DC Blodgett, DW Baldwin, KC Miragliotta, JA Thomas, ME Linevsky, MJ Giles, JW Kennedy, TA Fatemi, M Black, DR Lagerlof, KPD AF Regan, TM Harris, DC Blodgett, DW Baldwin, KC Miragliotta, JA Thomas, ME Linevsky, MJ Giles, JW Kennedy, TA Fatemi, M Black, DR Lagerlof, KPD TI Neutron irradiation of sapphire for compressive strengthening. II. Physical properties changes SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AL2O3; TEMPERATURE; DAMAGE AB Irradiation of sapphire with fast neutrons (0.8-10 MeV) at a fluence Of 10(22)/m(2) increased the e-axis compressive strength and the c-plane biaxial flexure strength at 600 degreesC by a factor of similar to2.5. Both effects are attributed to inhibition of r-plane twin propagation by damage clusters resulting from neutron impact. The a-plane biaxial flexure strength and four-point flexure strength in the c- and m-directions decreased by 10-23% at 600 degreesC after neutron irradiation. Neutron irradiation had little or no effect on thermal conductivity, infrared absorption, elastic constants, hardness, and fracture toughness. A featureless electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g = 2.02 was correlated with the strength increase: This signal grew in amplitude with increasing neutron irradiation, which also increased the compressive strength. Annealing conditions that reversed the strengthening also annihilated the g = 2.02 signal. A signal associated with a paramagnetic center containing two Al nuclei was not correlated with strength. Ultraviolet and visible color centers also were not correlated with strength in that they could be removed by annealing at temperatures that were too low to reverse the compressive strengthening effect of neutron irradiation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Aspen Syst, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Radiat Lab, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Regan, TM (reprint author), Aspen Syst, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 300 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00708-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509TQ UT WOS:000173166100006 ER PT J AU Meyer, NJ Thiel, B Ninomiya, JT AF Meyer, NJ Thiel, B Ninomiya, JT TI Retrieval of an intact, intraarticular bullet by hip arthroscopy using the lateral approach SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE hip; arthroscopy; bullet ID REMOVAL AB A twenty-seven-year-old man sustained a gunshot wound to the left gluteal region. Both plain films and a computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed that the bullet was in the hip joint. Using the lateral approach, the patient underwent hip arthroscopy, and the bullet was removed without difficulty. After surgery, the patient went on to an uneventful recovery. The use of arthroscopy for bullet removal minimized the surgical dissection, avoided an extensive capsulotomy, and reduced the associated risk of injury to the blood supply of the femoral head and osteonecrosis, This report illustrates the application of hip arthroscopy in the removal of retained bullets with minimal associated morbidity and further expands the indications for this procedure. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Agana, GU USA. RP Ninomiya, JT (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 51 EP 53 DI 10.1097/00005131-200201000-00012 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 507BG UT WOS:000173006300012 PM 11782635 ER PT J AU Homrighausen, CL Keller, TM AF Homrighausen, CL Keller, TM TI High-temperature elastomers from silarylene-siloxane-diacetylene linear polymers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE elastomers; high-temperature polymers; polysiloxanes; thermosets ID COPOLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; STABILITY; VINYL AB The syntheses and characterization of linear silarylene-siloxane-diacetylene polymers 3a-c and their thermal conversion to crosslinked elastomeric materials 4a-c are discussed. Inclusion of the diacetylene unit required synthesis of an appropriate monomeric species. 1,4-Bis(dimethylaminodimethylsilyl)butadiyne [(CH3)(2)N-Si(CH3)(2)-C equivalent toC-C equivalent toC-(CH3)(2)Si-N(CH3)(2)] 2 was prepared from 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadiyne and 2 equiv of dimethylaminodimethylchlorosilane. The linear polymers were prepared via polycondensation of 2 with a series of disilanol prepolymers. The low molecular weight silarylene-siloxane prepolymers la-c (terminated by hydroxyl groups) were synthesized via solution condensation of an excess amount of 1,4-bis(hydroxydimethylsilyl)benzene with bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane. The linear polymers were characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and DSC. The elastomers exhibited long-term oxidative stability up to 330 degreesC in air as determined by TGA. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keller, TM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv Mat Sect, Code 6127, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1002/pola.10091 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 502DC UT WOS:000172727600009 ER PT J AU Maya, EM Snow, AW Snow, AW Shirk, JS Flom, SR Pong, RGS Callahan, JH AF Maya, EM Snow, AW Snow, AW Shirk, JS Flom, SR Pong, RGS Callahan, JH TI Syntheses, characterization and properties of soluble and liquid phenanthralocyanines SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE phenanthralocyanine; optical limiting; cumylphenoxy; nonylphenoxy; dimethylsiloxane; aggregation ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHTHALOCYANINE; COMPLEXES; NAPHTHALOCYANINE; SUBSTITUTION; AGGREGATION; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA AB Phenanthralocyanine compounds with cumylphenoxy, nonylphenoxy and oligodimethylsiloxane phenoxy peripheral substitution were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 3,6-difluoro-9,10-dicyanophenanthrene and the corresponding phenolic precursor. Structural characterization includes IR, NMR, UV-vis and mass spectroscopies. The nonylphenoxy and oligodimethylsiloxane phenoxy phenanthralocyanines were soluble in common organic solvents, and the siloxane product was an isotropic liquid. Compared with the phthalocyanine analog, the Q bands of the Pb, H-2 and Cu phenanthralocyanine were slightly red shifted and variably broadened (small for the Pb compound but large for the H, and Cu compounds). The nominal red shift is a consequence of an angular annelation of the benzene rings to the phthalocyanine system. Aggregation was not detected in toluene solution, and the Q band broadening was attributed to a distortion of the tetraazaporphyrin ring to a nonplanar conformation. The siloxane substituted lead phenanthralocyanine neat liquid was evaluated as an optical limiter material. As a neat film a substantial broadening and weakening of the Q band results in a broad visible transmission window and a relatively neutral light olive hue. Upon excitation, there is a rapid decay of the initially excited state so the initial optical limiting is predominately due to a thermorefractive effect rather than a nonlinear absorption. Copyright (C) 2002 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Maya, EM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Maya, Eva Maria/0000-0001-9522-0134 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC PORPHYRINS & PHTHALOCYANINES PI DIJON PA UNIV BOURGOGNE, LIMSAG (U M R 5633), 6 BOULEVARD GABRIEL, 21000 DIJON, FRANCE SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PY 2002 VL 6 IS 7-8 BP 463 EP 475 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 650EN UT WOS:000181250000003 ER PT J AU Yu, KH Wilson, KJ AF Yu, KH Wilson, KJ TI Scale-up experiments on liquid-fueled active combustion control SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 34th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 12-15, 1998 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS; PARTICLE DISPERSION; SHEAR-LAYER; INSTABILITIES; JET; TURBULENT AB Liquid-fueled active instability suppression and the associated scaling issues were investigated in a model ramjet dump combustor that was operated between 70 kW and 1.3 MW output conditions. When the secondary fuel injection was pulsed and its timing was controlled, pressure oscillations were suppressed. The controller performance was adversely affected by reducing the flow residence time, but the correlation was modest. The amount of pulsed fuel, on the other hand, had a significant effect on the controller performance, which suggested the existence of a critical fuel flux. To maintain control authority for instability suppression, a fuel amount in excess of the critical fuel flux was required for the secondary injection. In the scale-up experiments, when the Sauter mean diameter of fuel droplets was decreased from 40 to 10 mum, the critical fuel flux was lowered from 8% of the total fuel flux to about 2%, which indicated that it was a strong function of fuel droplet size. Last, a novel control approach was demonstrated using pulsed fuel injection that was closed-loop controlled at the second harmonic of the instability. This showed that instabilities could be suppressed with closed-loop control even when the frequencies are outside the actuator's repetition capability. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Yu, KH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.2514/2.5897 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 516VJ UT WOS:000173577200005 ER PT J AU Kruszka, SJ Gherman, RB AF Kruszka, SJ Gherman, RB TI Successful pregnancy outcome in a lung transplant recipient with tacrolimus immunosuppression - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lung transplantation; tacrolimus; pregnancy complications; pregnancy outcome; immunosuppression ID FK-506; FK506 AB BACKGROUND: The use of tacrolimus (FK506, PRO-GRAF) in pregnant lung transplant recipients has been very rarely reported. CASE: A 32-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, had previously undergone a unilateral lung transplant secondary to pulmonary fibrosis. Four years later she spontaneously conceived. During pregnancy, she was maintained on an immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus and prednisone. Biweekly pulmonary function testing remained unchanged until 34 weeks' gestation. At that time, labor was induced due to concern for allograft rejection. A healthy, 2,208-g, female infant was born via all uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Postpartum transbronchial biopsy showed minimal acute cellular rejection. CONCLUSION: Lung transplant recipients may achieve successful pregnancy outcomes with the rise of tacrolimus. C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Gherman, RB (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 515XV UT WOS:000173522700014 PM 11838314 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Roland, CM Puskas, JE AF Robertson, CG Roland, CM Puskas, JE TI Nonlinear rheology of hyperbranched polyisobutylene SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER MELTS; BRANCHED POLYBUTADIENE; FLOW PROPERTIES; SHEAR; POLYETHYLENE; BEHAVIOR; VISCOELASTICITY; POLYISOPRENES; POLYSTYRENES; CAPILLARY AB The nonlinear shear theology of a hyperbranched polyisobutylene (PIB) with narrow molecular weight distribution (M-w/M-n = 1.3) was compared to that of a polydisperse (M-w/M-n = 2.5) linear PIB. After adjusting the respective measurement temperatures to yield equal shear viscosities, the theology was found to be quite similar for the two polymers, notwithstanding their markedly different structures. These similarities persisted in capillary extrusion experiments at moderate shear rates, on the compounds reinforced with carbon black, However, at higher shear rates, the linear PIB exhibits a greater elastic response, with consequently larger extrudate swell. (C) 2002 The Society of Rheology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 50 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1122/1.1428318 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 530AJ UT WOS:000174333200016 ER PT J AU Moore, FG Hymer, TC AF Moore, FG Hymer, TC TI Improved semi-empirical method for power-on base-drag prediction SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 06-09, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA AB Improved methods for base-pressure prediction under base-bleed and rocket motor-on conditions have been deployed. The base bleed method makes several refinements to the method developed by Danberg at the Army Research Laboratory in Aberdeen, Maryland. The improved rocket motor-on, base-pressure prediction improves upon the method developed at the Army Missile Command in Huntsville, Alabama, by Brazzel and some of his colleagues. The major refinement to the base bleed method of Danburg was to estimate the power-off value of base pressure empirically based on an extensive database, as opposed to using computational fluid dynamics codes to predict this term. The major modifications to the power-on base-pressure prediction method of Brazzel was to extend its range of applicability to high values of thrust coefficient, to Mach numbers less than 1.5, and to different afterbody shapes. In comparing the improved methods for power-on base-drag prediction to experiment, it was seen that both methods gave reasonable agreement to most experimental databases. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapons Syst Dept, Missile Syst Div,Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Aeropredict Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), Aeropredict Inc, 9449 Grover Dr,Suite 201, King George, VA 22485 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.2514/2.3782 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 523AE UT WOS:000173928500009 ER PT J AU Rumerman, ML AF Rumerman, ML TI The effect of fluid loading on radiation efficiency SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The metric "radiation efficiency," used to estimate a panel's radiated acoustic power from a measure of its normal velocity, is typically derived under the condition of very light fluid loading. This paper shows that efficiencies calculated in this manner can significantly overestimate the radiated power when the condition of light fluid loading is not met, as can be the case for steel plates in water. It is also shown that, when fluid loading is not light, a baffled semi-infinite plate is not a good model for an interior support. Numerical results are presented for radiation efficiencies calculated for steel plates in water, and are compared to those calculated under the assumption of vanishing fluid loading. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rumerman, ML (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Code 7204,9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 111 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1121/1.1427359 PN 1 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 513TB UT WOS:000173394400008 PM 11831825 ER PT J AU Le Pichon, A Garces, M Blanc, E Barthelemy, M Drob, DP AF Le Pichon, A Garces, M Blanc, E Barthelemy, M Drob, DP TI Acoustic propagation and atmosphere characteristics derived from infrasonic waves generated by the Concorde SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPHERE AB Infrasonic signals generated by daily supersonic Concorde flights between North America and Europe have been consistently recorded by an array of microbarographs in France. These signals are used to investigate the effects of atmospheric variability on long-range sound propagation. Statistical analysis of wave parameters shows seasonal and daily variations associated with changes in the wind structure of the atmosphere. The measurements are compared to the predictions obtained by tracing rays through realistic atmospheric models. Theoretical ray paths allow a consistent interpretation of the observed wave parameters. Variations in the reflection level, travel time, azimuth deviation and propagation range are explained by the source and propagation models. The angular deviation of a ray's azimuth direction, due to the seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of the transverse wind component, is found to be similar to5degrees from the initial launch direction. One application of the seasonal and diurnal variations of the observed phase parameters is the use of ground measurements to estimate fluctuations in the wind velocity at the reflection heights. The simulations point out that care must be taken when ascribing a phase velocity to a turning height. Ray path simulations which allow the correct computation of reflection heights are essential for accurate phase identifications. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 LDG, CEA, DASE, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Hawaii Manoa, HIGP, Infrasound Lab, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Le Pichon, A (reprint author), LDG, CEA, DASE, BP12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RI Blanc, Elisabeth/D-3890-2009; Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Blanc, Elisabeth/0000-0002-1599-4736; Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 111 IS 1 BP 629 EP 641 DI 10.1121/1.1404434 PN 2 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 513TC UT WOS:000173394500018 ER PT J AU Engelman, KK Hawley, DB Gazaway, R Mosier, MC Ahluwalia, JS Ellerbeck, EF AF Engelman, KK Hawley, DB Gazaway, R Mosier, MC Ahluwalia, JS Ellerbeck, EF TI Impact of geographic barriers on the utilization of mammograms by older rural women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mammography; barriers; access; geographic variation ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEYS; BREAST-CANCER; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; MOBILE MAMMOGRAPHY; NATIONAL SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; ATTITUDES; CARE; PARTICIPATION; EDUCATION AB OBJECTIVES: To examine whether geographic proximity to mammography facilities influences mammogram utilization. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING: Rural state. PARTICIPANTS: Female Kansas Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 to 79 (N = 117,901). MEASUREMENTS: Using Medicare claims data, we measured county-level mammography rates for beneficiaries in Kansas. We calculated mammography rate differences for beneficiaries according to age, race, distance from permanent and mobile mammography sites, and county characteristics including county mammography service availability. RESULTS: Of 105 counties, 37% had only permanent mammography facilities, 22% had both permanent and mobile sites, 29% had only mobile facilities, and 11% had neither, representing 44%, 44%, 9%, and 3% of the 117,901 beneficiaries, respectively. Of the beneficiaries, 91% lived less than 20 miles from a permanent facility; of the remaining 9%, 67% lived less dian 20 miles from a mobile site. In 30 counties with only mobile site, 90% of the 10,439 beneficiaries residing in the Counties had access to the bites fewer than 2 days per month. county-level mammography rates ranged from 37% to 72%. Mammography utilization was 57% in counties with permanent facilities only, 55% in counties with both permanent and mobile sites, 53%. in counties with only mobile sites, and 53% in counties with neither (P = 0.12). After adjusting for age, race, and county education level, the odds of receiving a mammogram was slightly lower for persons residing longer distance,, from a permanent facility (odds ratio = 0.97 fur each 5-mile Increase in distance, 95% confidence interval = 0.95-0.99). CONCLUSION: The majority of Kansans live near a mammography facility. Although there is a large variation in county-level mammography rates across Kansas,, this disparity is not well explained by proximity to mammography facilities. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas Canc Inst, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Kansas Fdn Med Care Inc, Topeka, KS USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Engelman, KK (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. RI Ellerbeck, Edward/I-8438-2014 OI Ellerbeck, Edward/0000-0002-7774-2729 FU PHS HHS [500-99-KS01] NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50009.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 510YY UT WOS:000173236200011 PM 12028248 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Durran, DR AF Doyle, JD Durran, DR TI The dynamics of mountain-wave-induced rotors SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UPPER BOUNDARY-CONDITION; DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORMS; LEE WAVES; SURFACE FRICTION; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE; FLOWS AB The development of rotor flow associated with mountain lee waves is investigated through a series of high-resolution simulations with the nonhydrostatic Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model using free-slip and no-slip lower boundary conditions. Kinematic considerations suggest that boundary layer separation is a prerequisite for rotor formation. The numerical simulations demonstrate that boundary layer separation is greatly facilitated by the adverse pressure gradients associated with trapped mountain lee waves and that boundary layer processes and lee-wave-induced perturbations interact synergistically to produce low-level rotors. Pairs of otherwise identical free-slip and no-slip simulations show a strong correlation between the strength of the lee-wave-induced pressure gradients in the free-slip simulation and the strength of the reversed flow in the corresponding no-slip simulation. Mechanical shear in the planetary boundary layer is the primary source of a sheet of horizontal vorticity that is lifted vertically into the lee wave at the separation point and carried, at least in part, into the rotor itself. Numerical experiments show that high shear in the boundary layer can be sustained without rotor development when the atmospheric structure is unfavorable for the formation of trapped lee waves. Although transient rotors can be generated with a free-slip lower boundary, realistic rotors appear to develop only in the presence of surface friction. In a series of simulations based on observational data, increasing the surface roughness length beyond values typical for a smooth surface (z(0) = 0.01 cm) decreases the rotor strength, although no rotors form when free-slip conditions are imposed at the lower boundary. A second series of simulations based on the same observational data demonstrate that increasing the surface heat flux above the lee slope increases the vertical extent of the rotor circulation and the strength of the turbulence but decreases the magnitude of the reversed rotor flow. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Durran, Dale/G-3677-2015 OI Durran, Dale/0000-0002-6390-2584 NR 40 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 2 BP 186 EP 201 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0186:TDOMWI>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XW UT WOS:000172882300005 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Holben, BN Dubovik, O O'Neill, NT Eck, TF Westphal, DL Goroch, AK Pietras, C Slutsker, I AF Smirnov, A Holben, BN Dubovik, O O'Neill, NT Eck, TF Westphal, DL Goroch, AK Pietras, C Slutsker, I TI Atmospheric aerosol optical properties in the Persian Gulf SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; MINERAL DUST; AERONET; RADIATION; PARTICLES; TURBIDITY; CLIMATE; NETWORK AB Aerosol optical depth measurements over Bahrain acquired through the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) are analyzed. Optical depths obtained from ground-based sun/sky radiometers showed a pronounced temporal trend, with a maximum dust aerosol loading observed during the March-July period. The aerosol optical depth probability distribution is rather narrow with a modal value of about 0.25. The Angstrom parameter frequency distribution has two peaks. One peak around 0.7 characterizes a situation when dust aerosol is more dominant, the second peak around 1.2 corresponds to relatively dust-free cases. The correlation between aerosol optical depth and water vapor content in the total atmospheric column is strong (correlation coefficient of 0.82) when dust aerosol is almost absent (Angstrom parameter is greater than 0.7), suggesting possible hygroscopic growth of fine mode particles or source region correlation, and much weaker (correlation coefficient of 0.45) in the presence of dust (Angstrom parameter is less than 0.7). Diurnal variations of the aerosol optical depth and precipitable water were insignificant. Angstrom parameter diurnal variability (similar to20%-25%) is evident during the April-May period, when dust dominated the atmospheric optical conditions. Variations in the aerosol volume size distributions retrieved from spectral sun and sky radiance data are mainly associated with the changes in the concentration of the coarse aerosol fraction (variation coefficient of 61%). Geometric mean radii for the fine and coarse aerosol fractions are 0.14 mum (std dev = 0.02) and 2.57 mum (std dev = 0.27), respectively. The geometric standard deviation of each fraction is 0.41 and 0.73, respectively. In dust-free conditions the single scattering albedo (SSA) decreases with wavelength, while in the presence of dust the SSA either stays neutral or increases slightly with wavelength. The changes in the Angstrom parameter derived from a ground-based nephelometer and a collocated sun photometer during the initial checkout period were quite similar. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; NR 35 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 620 EP 634 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0620:AAOPIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300022 ER PT J AU von Huth, P Butler, JE Jaegermann, W Tenne, R AF von Huth, P Butler, JE Jaegermann, W Tenne, R TI The inverted p-diamond/n-CdTe heterojunction solar cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPACED VAPOR TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; CADMIUM TELLURIDE; EVAPORATION; GROWTH AB Heterojunction thin-film solar cells are usually fabricated from n-type window material (large bandgap) in its front and p-type absorber material (small bandgap) in the back. In this work, an inverted cell with p-type window material in front and a rear n-type absorber is presented. A diamond/CdTe photovoltaic cell has been fabricated to demonstrate the concept of an inverted p-n heterojunction solar cell. A systematic study of the influence of various experimental parameters on the behavior of the cell has been undertaken and is briefly discussed. It is shown that the solar cell open-circuit voltage V-OC is 230 mV with an internal quantum efficiency of 70% at 500 nm. Steps to further improve the photoresponse and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the cell are discussed. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP von Huth, P (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 1 BP G55 EP G62 DI 10.1149/1.1425797 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 505WQ UT WOS:000172938900046 ER PT J AU Wuchina, E Opeka, M Gutierrez-Mora, F Koritala, RE Goretta, KC Routbort, JL AF Wuchina, E Opeka, M Gutierrez-Mora, F Koritala, RE Goretta, KC Routbort, JL TI Processing and mechanical properties of materials in the Hf-N system SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE brittle-to-ductile transition (temperature); dislication-based plasticity; HF-N alloys; Hf-N solid solutions; solid-solution hardening; stress exponent; threshold stress ID DEFORMATION AB Samples of hexagonal alpha-Hf containing up to 30 at.% N in solid solution were made by a solid-state reaction. The brittle-to-ductile transition temperature increased as the %N increased. Steady-state compressive deformation has been measured from 20 to 1000 degreesC. The data for pure Hf could be fit using a threshold stress with a stress exponent of 5. The stress exponent of the Hf-N solid solution materials was between 5 and 8. The experiments could be interpreted on the basis of dislocation-controlled plasticity, with N acting as classical solid-solution hardening solutes. Transmission electron microscopy supported this interpretation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wuchina, E (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2571 EP 2576 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00118-8 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00118-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800018 ER PT J AU Palya, WL Walter, D Kessel, R Lucke, R AF Palya, WL Walter, D Kessel, R Lucke, R TI Linear modeling of steady-state behavioral dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE behavioral dynamics; linear systems analysis; transfer function; quantitative analysis; model; key peck; pigeons ID INTERFOOD INTERVALS; TIME; SCHEDULE; SYSTEM AB The observed steady-state behavioral dynamics supported by unsignaled periods of reinforcement within repeating 2,000-s trials were modeled with a linear transfer function. These experiments employed improved schedule forms and analytical methods to improve the precision of the measured transfer function, compared to previous work. The refinements include both the use of multiple reinforcement periods that improve spectral coverage and averaging of independently determined transfer functions. A linear analysis was then used to predict behavior observed for three different test schedules. The fidelity of these predictions was determined. C1 Jacksonville State Univ, Dept Psychol, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA. USN, Res Lab, Electroopt Technol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Palya, WL (reprint author), Jacksonville State Univ, Dept Psychol, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXP ANALYSIS BEHAVIOR INC PI BLOOMINGTON PA INDIANA UNIV DEPT PSYCHOLOGY, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA SN 0022-5002 J9 J EXP ANAL BEHAV JI J. Exp. Anal. Behav. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 77 IS 1 BP 3 EP 27 DI 10.1901/jeab.2002.77-3 PG 25 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 515YB UT WOS:000173523300002 PM 11831782 ER PT J AU Germain, ME AF Germain, ME TI Alignment of optical delay lines for long-baseline stellar interferometry SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PROTOTYPE AB The problem of aligning an optical delay line for use in long-baseline stellar interferometry is discussed. In particular, the development of the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer alignment system is described. Rapid mirror alignment must be performed with sufficient precision that beam shear is limited to a few millimeters over an optical path length that may exceed 800 m. Two possible alignment algorithms are presented. The first is a null-seeking servo where the mirrors are adjusted to minimize the sum of their angular alignment errors. The second method utilizes a priori knowledge of the mirror separations to minimize the total shear. A number of time-dependent and time-independent errors that affect alignment and alignment stability are also discussed. C1 USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Germain, ME (reprint author), USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.000081 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 505TA UT WOS:000172930600011 PM 11778736 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Paluch, M Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Paluch, M Roland, CM TI Correlation between the alpha relaxation and the excess wing for polychlorinated biphenyls and glycerol SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on the New Frontiers of Thermal Studies of Materials CY NOV 25-27, 2001 CL TOKYO INST TECH, SUZUKAKEDAI, JAPAN HO TOKYO INST TECH DE dielectric loss and relaxation; glass transition ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; BETA-RELAXATION; GLASS-FORMERS AB Data are presented for three glass formers, each having an excess wing in the low temperature dielectric loss spectra. Two polychlorinated biphenyls, whose alpha relaxations have equivalent temperature dependences, exhibit excess wings that are clearly different. Comparison of the spectra for glycerol at atmospheric pressure and at P=0.9 GPa reveals a different response of the alpha relaxation and the excess wing. These findings cannot be reconciled with the notion that the excess wing is an inherent part of the alpha relaxation. Interpretation of the spectra as a superposition of distinct alpha and beta processes, however, is consistent with the observed behavior. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1418-2874 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. PY 2002 VL 69 IS 3 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1023/A:1020680611531 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 604BR UT WOS:000178596200027 ER PT J AU Ruchhoeft, P Wolfe, JC Bass, R AF Ruchhoeft, P Wolfe, JC Bass, R TI Ion beam proximity lithography on spherical substrates with continuously scanned, self-complementary masks SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer AB This article demonstrates, for the first time, the formation of 1 mum Manhattan geometries on a 3 mm deep spherical substrate subtending a 60degrees angle. The approach uses ion beam proximity lithography to achieve the large depth-of-field and a self-complementary mask strategy to enable each wafer level to be defined by a single, dimensionally stable mask. This demonstration is a first step toward validating a more general approach that modeling suggests will be capable of patterning 7.5 mm deep substrates with twice the subtended angle. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanoelect Proc Facil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ruchhoeft, P (reprint author), Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1116/1.1428273 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 523YQ UT WOS:000173985500016 ER PT J AU Gaunaurd, GC Everstine, GC AF Gaunaurd, GC Everstine, GC TI Viscosity effects on the propagation of acoustic transients SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The propagation of an impulsive excitation applied at the origin of a lossy viscous medium is studied by operational techniques as the excitation advances through the medium. The solution of the governing partial differential equation (PDE) for such transient propagation problems has been elusive. Such solution is found as an infinite sum of properly weighted successive integrals of the complementary error function, and it is quantitatively examined here using a one-dimensional model in space and time. As expected, as the transient advances through space, its amplitude decreases, and its width broadens. Such is the damping effect of viscosity that one would anticipate from elementary considerations in related disciplines such as electrodynamics. Such is also the smoothing-out effect of dispersion. We also obtain an approximate solution of the present boundary-initial value problem based on the method of steepest descents. This approximation agrees with the first term of the complete analytic solution given here. The pertinent dispersion relation associated with the governing parabolic PDE is shown to impose a restrictive condition on the allowable values of the propagation speed and the kinematic viscosity coefficient, thus assuring that propagation with attenuation does take place. Various numerical results illustrate and quantitatively describe the propagation of the transient pulse in several nondimensional graphs. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Gaunaurd, GC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1115/1.1419203 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 547JZ UT WOS:000175330400003 ER PT J AU Paithankar, DY Ross, EV Saleh, BA Blair, MA Graham, BS AF Paithankar, DY Ross, EV Saleh, BA Blair, MA Graham, BS TI Acne treatment with a 1,450 nm wavelength laser and cryogen spray cooling SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cryogen cooling; laser treatment of acne; Monte Carlo light transport modeling; non-ablative; sebaceous glands ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; THERMAL RESPONSE; HUMAN SKIN; LIGHT; VULGARIS; PHOTOTHERAPY AB Background and Objectives: A laser with a wavelength in the mid-IR range targeting the depth in skin where sebaceous glands are located in combination with cryogen spray cooling was evaluated for treatment of acne. In this non-ablative treatment, the laser energy heats the dermal volume encompassing sebaceous glands whereas the cold cryogen spray preserves the epidermis from thermal damage. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo simulations and heat transfer calculations were performed to optimize the heating and cooling parameters. A variety of heating and cooling parameters were tested in an in vivo rabbit ear study to evaluate the histological effect of the device on sebaceous glands and skin. Similar experiments were performed on ex vivo human skin. A clinical study for the treatment of acne on backs of human males was also conducted. Results: Monte Carlo simulations and heat transfer calculations resulted in a thermal damage profile that showed epidermal preservation and peak damage in the upper dermis where sebaceous glands are located. Ex vivo human skin histology confirmed the damage profile qualitatively. In vivo rabbit ear histology studies indicated short-term thermal alteration of sebaceous glands with epidermal preservation. In the human clinical study on the back, a statistically significant reduction in lesion count on the treated side compared to the control side was seen (p < 0.001). Side effects were transient and few. Conclusions: The studies reported here demonstrate the feasibility of treating acne using a photothermal approach with a mid-IR laser and cryogen cooling. Lasers Surg. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Candela Corp, Wayland, MA 01778 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Paithankar, DY (reprint author), Candela Corp, 530 Boston Post Rd, Wayland, MA 01778 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [1R43AR46938-01] NR 25 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1002/lsm.10086 PG 9 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 587VG UT WOS:000177663700005 PM 12210594 ER PT J AU Ross, EV McKinlay, JR Sajben, FP Miller, CH Barnette, DJ Meehan, KJ Chhieng, NP Deavers, MJ Zelickson, BD AF Ross, EV McKinlay, JR Sajben, FP Miller, CH Barnette, DJ Meehan, KJ Chhieng, NP Deavers, MJ Zelickson, BD TI Use of a novel erbium laser in a Yucatan minipig: A study of residual thermal damage, ablation, and wound healing as a function of pulse duration SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE erbium YAG; laser; pulse duration; resurfacing; thermal damage ID ER-YAG LASER; CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; FACIAL RHYTIDES; SKIN ABLATION; PIG MODEL; COLLAGEN; RATES AB Background and Objective: Theoretical models show that varying pulse duration influences residual thermal damage in erbium YAG skin resurfacing. Accordingly, our objective was to compare residual thermal damage, ablation, tissue shrinkage, and wound healing between a variable pulsewidth erbium YAG laser and a popular CO2 resurfacing laser. Study Design/Materials and Methods: The erbium laser delivered a typical ablative pulse (250 microseconds), followed by a heating pulse of variable duration. Pulse durations for specific coagulation depths were selected based on existing heat transfer models. The bilateral flanks of one Yucatan pig were irradiated. Eight sites were treated per group. Biopsies were performed just after treatment and 1, 3, 7, 21, and 60 days postoperatively. Results: Just after irradiation, gross examination of "cold" (without a coagulation pulse) erbium sites showed a reddish papillary dermis consistent with conventional erbium laser ablation. Two and three pass CO2 Sites showed uniform surface yellowing. The longer pulsewidth ("hot") erbium groups showed only slight surface yellowing. Biopsies showed immediate thermal damage that increased with erbium pulse duration; however, actual residual thermal damage (RTD) was sometimes less than that predicted by the laser control panel. All wounds healed uneventfully by 14 days. Conclusions: An erbium laser with a variable macropulse pulsewidth was capable of achieving RTD of up to 80 pm. Even greater RTD depths may be obtainable with future manipulations of fluence and pulse duration. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Dermatol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1002/lsm.10030 PG 8 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 523QU UT WOS:000173967100005 PM 11870787 ER PT J AU Mackanos, MA Tebebi, PA Yoder, BC Mongin, JD Shaw, BL Aggarwal, I Katzir, A Jansen, ED AF Mackanos, MA Tebebi, PA Yoder, BC Mongin, JD Shaw, BL Aggarwal, I Katzir, A Jansen, ED TI Delivery of mid-infrared (3-7 mu m) laser radiation in a liquid environment using infrared-transmitting optical fibers SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RI Jansen, E. Duco/B-1894-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 SU 14 MA 29 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 536XE UT WOS:000174726500030 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Blair, MA Saleh, BA Graham, BS Paithankar, DY AF Ross, EV Blair, MA Saleh, BA Graham, BS Paithankar, DY TI Laser treatment of acne through selective dermal heating SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Dermatol, Wayland, MA USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 SU 14 MA 75 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 536XE UT WOS:000174726500073 ER PT J AU Ross, EV Cooke, LM Overstreet, KA Buttolph, GD Blair, MA AF Ross, EV Cooke, LM Overstreet, KA Buttolph, GD Blair, MA TI Treatment of Pseudofolliculitis barbae in very dark skin with a long pulse neodymium YAG laser SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 SU 14 MA 85 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 536XE UT WOS:000174726500083 ER PT J AU Hardaway, CA Ross, EV Barnette, DJ Keel, D Paithankar, DY AF Hardaway, CA Ross, EV Barnette, DJ Keel, D Paithankar, DY TI Non ablative skin remodeling with a 1.45 micron laser SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Candela Corp, Wayland, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 SU 14 MA 143 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 536XE UT WOS:000174726500139 ER PT J AU Keel, DM Goldman, MP Fitzpatrick, RE Butterwick, KJ AF Keel, DM Goldman, MP Fitzpatrick, RE Butterwick, KJ TI Diamond laser scalpel vs. steel scalpel: A side by side comparison of cutaneous wound healing SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Dermatol, San Diego, CA USA. Dermatol Associates San Diego Cty Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 SU 14 MA 193 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 536XE UT WOS:000174726500186 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, MS Daggett, JL Bender, TP Kuehl, WM Bergsagel, PL Williams, ME AF Kulkarni, MS Daggett, JL Bender, TP Kuehl, WM Bergsagel, PL Williams, ME TI Frequent inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p18 by homozygous deletion in multiple myeloma cell lines: ectopic p18 expression inhibits growth and induces apoptosis SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Article DE multiple myeloma; cyclin D1; apoptosis; cell cycle; p18; mantle cell lymphoma ID MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; P18(INK4C); GENES; CANCER; CDK6; DIFFERENTIATION; LYMPHOMA; FAMILY; D1; SUPPRESSION AB Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal neoplasm of plasma cells which offers an excellent model to study multistep molecular oncogenesis. In 20-25% of primary tumors and cell lines examined, cyclin D1 is overexpressed due to the translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32). We have characterized cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15 (CDKN2B), p16 (CDKN2A) and p18 (CDKN2C) deletions in cyclin D1-expressing and non-expressing MM cell lines. p18 was found to be frequently deleted (38%); in some cases p18 deletions coexisted with hemizygous p16 deletion. To examine the function of p18 as a putative tumor suppressor in myeloma cells, a zinc-inducible p18 construct was stably transfected into KMS12, a MM cell line with biallelic p18 and monoallelic p16 deletions as well as cyclin D1 overexpression. Ectopic expression of p18 caused 40-45% growth suppression as determined by trypan blue exclusion and MTS assays. p18 induction also resulted in apoptosis, suggesting that inhibition of the cyclin D1/CDK/pRb pathway in these tumor cells could be a crucial step toward the induction of tumor regression via apoptotic cell death. This cell cycle pathway is thus frequently mutated and provides a potentially novel target for gene therapeutic or pharmacologic approaches to human myeloma. C1 Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NCI, USN, Med Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, New York Hosp, Dept Internal Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kulkarni, MS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, Dept Internal Med, Box 800716,Jefferson Pk Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RI Bergsagel, Peter/A-7842-2011 OI Bergsagel, Peter/0000-0003-1523-7388 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW02297]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM55985] NR 33 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1038/sj.leu.2402328 PG 8 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 514PW UT WOS:000173451100017 PM 11840272 ER PT S AU Guenthner, AJ Lindsay, GA Zarras, P Fallis, S Pentony, JM Herman, WN AF Guenthner, AJ Lindsay, GA Zarras, P Fallis, S Pentony, JM Herman, WN BE Eich, M Kuzyk, MG TI Methods for estimating the refractive index profile at near infrared wavelengths of polymers for optical waveguides SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Boeing Co, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington Technol Ctr DE refractive index; polyimide; connectivity index; topological model; birefringence ID POLYIMIDES AB Methods that successfully predict the refractive index at near-infrared wavelengths of negatively birefringent polymer films for optical waveguide applications are presented. The starting point for these methods is a correlation based on connectivity indexes originally developed by Bicerano for the refractive index of isotropic polymers at visible wavelengths. This correlation is applied to a set of polyimides at near infrared wavelengths with modifications in order to improve its predictive power. The polyimides were synthesized by condensation of monomers to form the precursor poly(amic acid)s followed by imidization in solution. Solutions of the polyimides were then spin coated onto glass substrates and baked to produce films of 2-3 microns in thickness with a variable negative birefringence. The refractive index profiles of these films near 1320 nm were then measured in both the TE- and TM- modes using a prism-coupling technique. The average refractive index of these films was then compared to the prediction generated by the model. The agreement between the predicted and observed values has been sufficient to enable the rapid development of materials for optical waveguides without the need for many rounds of trial-and-error investigation. These techniques facilitate the development of specialized polymers for optical waveguide applications. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Code 4T4220D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4566-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4798 BP 184 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.452117 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BW05Q UT WOS:000180753700023 ER PT S AU McMorrow, D Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Kleiman, V AF McMorrow, D Lotshaw, WT Melinger, JS Kleiman, V BE Fourkas, JT TI Analysis of intermolecular coordinate contributions to third-order ultrafast spectroscopy of liquids SO LIQUID DYNAMICS: EXPERIMENT, SIMULATION, AND THEORY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Study of Dynamics in Liquid held at the 220th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID FEMTOSECOND OPTICAL KERR; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; RESPONSES; CS2; ACETONITRILE; SOLVENTS; ORIGIN; WATER AB The apparently multicomponent, subpicosecond intermolecular dynamics of liquids are addressed in a unified manner in terms of an inhomogencously-broadened harmonic oscillator model for a single vibrational coordinate. The model predicts naturally the bimodal character and exhibits good quantitative agreement with the subpicosecond intermolecular dynamics measured for chloroform and carbon disulfide liquids. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GE Co, Ctr Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. SFA Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McMorrow, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6820, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kleiman, Valeria/H-7818-2013 OI Kleiman, Valeria/0000-0002-9975-6558 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3762-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 820 BP 14 EP 29 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BW14V UT WOS:000180991400002 ER PT S AU Gulian, AM Wood, KS Fritz, GG Van Vechten, D Wu, HD Horwitz, JS Badalyantz, GR Harutyunyan, SR Vartanyan, VH Petrosyan, SA Kuzanyan, AS AF Gulian, AM Wood, KS Fritz, GG Van Vechten, D Wu, HD Horwitz, JS Badalyantz, GR Harutyunyan, SR Vartanyan, VH Petrosyan, SA Kuzanyan, AS BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI Sensor development for single-photon thermoelectric detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN AB As we reported earlier [1], thermoelectric detectors can be competitive as non-dispersive energy resolving focal-plane instruments in X-ray/UV spectrum. The first generations of prototype devices demonstrated the viability of detector design and provided good agreement between theoretical expectations and experimental data. These devices exploited sensors made of gold with a small fraction of iron impurity. To get the projected high resolution one needs another type of material, namely, lanthanum-cerium hexaborides. We report on the first experimental tests of the feasibility of lanthanum-cerium films as sensor materials. Progress with thin films of these materials argues for the success of these thermoelectric detectors. C1 NRL, Phys Art Frontiers, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), NRL, Phys Art Frontiers, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300007 ER PT J AU Fricke, W Cui, W Kierkegaard, H Kihl, D Koval, M Mikkola, T Parmentier, G Toyosada, M Yoon, JH AF Fricke, W Cui, W Kierkegaard, H Kihl, D Koval, M Mikkola, T Parmentier, G Toyosada, M Yoon, JH TI Comparative fatigue strength assessment of a structural detail in a containership using various approaches of classification societies SO MARINE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fatigue strength assessment; welded detail; classification society; container ship; fatigue life AB A comparative study on fatigue strength assessment procedures used by the classification societies has been performed by Committee III.2, 'Fatigue and Fracture', of the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC'2000). A pad detail on the longitudinal coaming of a Panamax container vessel was selected as an example. This detail was chosen because of the well-defined loading due to hull girder bending. Large differences in predicted fatigue lives were found, ranging from 1.8 to 20.7 years. The spreading of results is attributable to assumptions regarding loads, local stress determination and S-N curve. For comparison, a direct calculation of loads using the spectral method was performed. Also this calculation showed a relatively short fatigue life of 5.3 years, although the structural detail is considered not to be prone to fatigue failures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Hamburg, D-22305 Hamburg, Germany. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture & Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Odense Steel Shipyard Ltd, DK-5100 Odense, Denmark. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Kvaerner Krylov Maritime Ltd, St Petersburg 196158, Russia. VTT, Mfg Technol, Espoo 02044, Finland. Bur Veritas, F-92077 Paris, France. Kyushu Univ, Dept Marine Engn, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Samsung Heavy Ind, Koje City 656710, Kyungnam, South Korea. RP Fricke, W (reprint author), Tech Univ Hamburg, AB 3-06,Lammersieth 90, D-22305 Hamburg, Germany. RI Cui, Weicheng/D-1472-2013 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8339 J9 MAR STRUCT JI Mar. Struct. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 AR PII S0951-8339(01)00016-8 DI 10.1016/S0951-8339(01)00016-8 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 553MR UT WOS:000175680500001 ER PT S AU Aifer, EH Jackson, EM Bennett, BR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Jernigan, GG AF Aifer, EH Jackson, EM Bennett, BR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Jernigan, GG BE Wehrspohn, RB Marz, R Noda, S Soukoulis, C TI Suppression of bulk defects in antimonide superlattice infrared photodiodes SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONICS AND MICROPHOTONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Materials and Devices for Optoelectronics and Photonics/Photonic Crystals - From Materials to Devices held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; EXCHANGE; GASB AB While physical properties of ideal antimonide superlattices (ASL) indicate that they should significantly outperform mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) based infrared photodiodes for low dark current applications in the long and very long wave-infrared (LWIR and VLWIR), this potential has not yet been fully realized, Even though measured Auger and tunneling rates in ASL's are reduced as predicted, overall carrier lifetimes remain much shorter, and dark currents much higher than expected. The large carrier losses are the result of defects in the ASL structure, with contributions measured from large bulk defects and surface channels along mesa sidewalls, and the remaining component believed to be due to midgap states. In this presentation we report on several studies of epitaxial growth parameters and their influence on defect formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of oxide desorption from GaSb substrates shows the presence of both antimony and gallium oxides, along with their decomposition and desorption behavior with anneal temperature. A study of buffer growth shows that defect density and size are critically dependent on growth temperature, with an optimal growth window between 480 and 500degreesC. Side-by-side GaSb buffer growths on vicinal ((100) +1degrees (111)) and flat (100) substrates show that while growing on vicinal material can suppress mound formation, it does not yield epilayers as flat as can be obtained on (100) substrates grown under optimal conditons. Finally, the ratio of As to In flux during superlattice growth can be used to tune the lattice parameter both above and below that of GaSb, with strain-related defects appearing when the mismatch reaches roughly 0.1%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Aifer, EH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-658-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 722 BP 275 EP 286 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV34S UT WOS:000178623500039 ER PT S AU Agassi, D Pennycook, SJ Christen, DK Duscher, G Franceschetti, A Pantelides, ST AF Agassi, D Pennycook, SJ Christen, DK Duscher, G Franceschetti, A Pantelides, ST BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Critical currents at grain boundaries in high temperature superconductors SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; CORE STRUCTURES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; RESOLUTION; SRTIO3; STATE AB We present atomic resolution Z-contrast images, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and theoretical calculations in support of a band-bending model for the effect of grain boundaries on critical currents. In the high angle regime, dislocation cores are closely spaced and the boundary is modeled as a continuous junction, with a width determined by the dislocation density per unit boundary length. This quantitatively explains the approximately exponential reduction in critical current. In the low angle regime, where dislocations are separated by substantial good passages, explicit calculations of flux pinning are presented. Significant differences are found between a strain and band-bending mechanism. Recent data fit the band-bending model and suggest substantial improvement is possible through doping to a flat band condition. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Agassi, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300036 ER PT S AU Navi, N Horwitz, JS Wu, HD Qadri, SB AF Navi, N Horwitz, JS Wu, HD Qadri, SB BE Tidrow, SC Horwitz, JS Xi, XX Levy, J TI Structure-property relationships in W doped (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on (001) MgO SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; COMBINATORIAL SYNTHESIS; LIBRARIES AB BaxSr(1-x)TiO3 films (BST) with x=0.5, 0.6, 0.7, containing 1% W, were grown by pulsed laser deposition on MgO (001) substrates in an oxygen pressure from 3 to 500 mTorr, at a substrate temperature of 720 C. The crystal structure of the film, as determined from x-ray diffraction, was fit to a tetragonal distortion of a cubic lattice having two in-plane lattice parameters. The in and out-of-plane lattice parameters c, a, a', and lattice distortion (a/c and a/c) were calculated from the positions of the measured BST reflections ((004), (024) and (224)). The dielectric properties of the film at 2 GHz were measured using gap capacitors deposited on top of the dielectric film, at room temperature. For all compositions, as a function of the oxygen deposition pressure, a peak in the change in the dielectric constant, as a function of an applied electric field (0-80 kV/cm), was observed for films deposited in 50 mTorr of oxygen. Unlike the pure BST, the dielectric Q was insensitive to the oxygen deposition pressure. The largest K-factor (K=(epsilon(0)-epsilon(V)/epsilon(0) x Q(0)) for films deposited from Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 target were observed in a film that had a minimum in-plane strain, where asimilar toa'. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Navi, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-656-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 720 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34Q UT WOS:000178622400006 ER PT S AU Rao, JBL Patel, DP Park, PK Dougherty, TK Zelik, JA Prior, DS Moffat, A Sengupta, LC AF Rao, JBL Patel, DP Park, PK Dougherty, TK Zelik, JA Prior, DS Moffat, A Sengupta, LC BE Tidrow, SC Horwitz, JS Xi, XX Levy, J TI Application of ferroelectrics in low-cost microwave phased-array antennas SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB A novel, low-cost, phased-array antenna that uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting using voltage-tunable dielectric (VTD) material is presented. The array does not contain an individual phase shifter at each radiating element. This paper presents the antenna concept and describes how it can be used as a low-cost phased array. The VTDs that are used in this antenna are described. The measured antenna patterns of a prototype phased array demonstrating electronic beam scanning at 10 GHz are also presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, JBL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-656-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 720 BP 143 EP 153 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34Q UT WOS:000178622400020 ER PT J AU Xie, QX Chen, GR Bollt, EM AF Xie, QX Chen, GR Bollt, EM TI Hybrid chaos synchronization and its application in information processing SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE chaos synchronization; dynamical system; information processing; generalized synchronization ID GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; ADAPTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS AB In this paper, through numerical studies, we explore a news methodology for chaos synchronization via a hybrid (generalized plus identical) synchronization. An arbitrary signal, generated by an unknown dynamical system, can be synchronized by the hybrid chaotic system. The signal can then be stored for future application such as password and message identification. Each finite-length signal can, in principle, be labelled and stored by a unique number, provided that the key hybrid system parameter used for the purpose is suitably chosen within a one-to-one mapping range. The new methodology enables us to encode an arbitrary signal accurately and efficiently. Sufficient numerical simulations are shown to verify the proposed design. Potential applications of the developed hybrid chaos synchronization system include information storage, message identification, and certain types of secure signal and image communication. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Xie, QX (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(01)00157-1 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 512HJ UT WOS:000173318700015 ER PT J AU Benilov, AY Ly, LN AF Benilov, AY Ly, LN TI Modelling of surface waves breaking effects in the ocean upper layer SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article ID WIND WATER-WAVES; TURBULENCE INTERACTIONS; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; INTERFACE; MOTION; SHEAR AB In this paper, we have studied the general dynamic structure of the turbulent upper layer produced by wave breaking and turbulent diffusion of wave kinetic energy. The turbulent model is of the k-epsilon group model. The TKE budget contains an extra term, which describes the turbulent diffusion of wave kinetic energy. We suggest a parameterization of the momentum flux and the energy flux induced by the wave breaking. The analysis is focused: at the upper part of the Ekman layer where the constant friction approach is valid. It is shown that this layer is formed of three sublayers. The nearest layer to the ocean surface is the wave-turbulent sublayer. The turbulent energy production by the wave breaking significantly exceeds the mean shear effect, and the turbulent diffusion of the wave kinetic energy dominates in the range of depths where the wave motion continues to be vigorous. Below this layer, the wave effect does not play a significant role because the turbulent diffusion of turbulent kinetic energy begins to exceed the wave effect in the TKE budget. However, the turbulence of this layer influences the dynamics of the entire Ekman layer beneath. Below the wave-turbulent diffusive layer, there is a transitional turbulent diffusive layer where the turbulent diffusion still exceeds the mean shear contribution in the TKE budget but the wave motion effect becomes insignificant. The source of turbulence in this layer is the turbulent kinetic energy flux from the upper wave-turbulent layer. The turbulent kinetic energy and the dissipation rate decay with depth following power laws. Theoretical prediction is consistent with data observed in the ocean. Following after the transition turbulent diffusive layer, there is a layer where the mean shear production of turbulent energy dominates. In terms of the classic steady turbulent boundary layer problem, this layer, in steady or quasi-steady cases, corresponds to the logarithmic turbulent sublayer where the "wall turbulence" laws are valid. However, all turbulent characteristics are controlled by the wave breaking mechanism and the turbulence dynamics in the wave-turbulent 1 layer and the turbulent diffusive layer. We may conclude that the suggested model gives an adequate description of the natural ocean turbulence for the constant friction layer of the upper ocean. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ly, LN (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Davidson Lab, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(01)00159-5 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 512HJ UT WOS:000173318700017 ER PT S AU Metzbower, EA DeLoach, JJ Lalam, SH Bhadeshia, HKDH AF Metzbower, EA DeLoach, JJ Lalam, SH Bhadeshia, HKDH BE Cerjak, H TI Secondary effects in neural network analysis of the mechanical properties of welding alloys for HSLA shipbuilding steels SO Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena 6 SE MATERIALS MODELLING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Seminar on Numerical Analysis of Weldability CY OCT, 2001 CL Schloss Seggau, Graz, AUSTRIA SP Univ Graz, IWZ Technol, Int Inst Welding, Working Grp Numer Analys Weldabil Commiss HO Schloss Seggau ID STRENGTH AB In previous work, we created neural network models for estimating the mechanical properties and toughness of alloys that are designed for the welding of high-strength low-alloy steels of the type intended for the construction of ships. The yield and ultimate strengths, the elongation and reduction-in-area, the Charpy toughness and dynamic tear properties were usefully modelled as a function of the chemical composition and the cooling rate. Ductility and toughness are complex properties; the purpose of the work presented here was to see if they could be modelled better by including the strength as an input. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Metzbower, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1352-9692 BN 1-902653-56-4 J9 MAT MODELLING SER PY 2002 BP 231 EP 242 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Mathematics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCR37 UT WOS:000230907900012 ER PT J AU Wang, TL Gragg, WB AF Wang, TL Gragg, WB TI Convergence of the shifted QR algorithm for unitary Hessenberg matrices SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE QR algorithm; shift strategy; unitary Hessenberg matrices AB This paper shows that for unitary Hessenberg matrices the QR algorithm, with ( an exceptional initial-value modi cation of) the Wilkinson shift, gives global convergence; moreover, the asymptotic rate of convergence is at least cubic, higher than that which can be shown to be quadratic only for Hermitian tridiagonal matrices, under no further assumption. A general mixed shift strategy with global convergence and cubic rates is also presented. C1 Natl Chengchi Univ, Dept Math Sci, Taipei 11623, Taiwan. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, TL (reprint author), Natl Chengchi Univ, Dept Math Sci, 64 Chihnan Rd,Sec 2 Wenshan, Taipei 11623, Taiwan. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PY 2002 VL 71 IS 240 BP 1473 EP 1496 AR PII S0025-5718(01)01387-4 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 586FE UT WOS:000177573300007 ER PT S AU Chen, W Gillis, D Bowles, J Davis, CO AF Chen, W Gillis, D Bowles, J Davis, CO BE Schmalz, MS TI A compression algorithm for hyperspectral imagery using the linear mixing model and wavelet transformation SO MATHEMATICS OF DATA/IMAGE CODING, COMPRESSION, AND ENCRYPTION V, WITH APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mathematics of Data/Image Coding, Compression and Encryption V, with Applications CY JUL 09-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE hyperspectral imagery; lossy data cube compression; linear mixing model; wavelet transformation ID LOSSLESS COMPRESSION; VECTOR QUANTIZATION; AVIRIS IMAGES; REDUCTION AB A scheme for lossy hyperspectral data cube compression, using a linear mixing model approach and wavelet transform, is presented. The data is first compressed in the spectral dimension by using the linear mixing model approximation to reduce the number of dimensions needed to represent the data. The reduced data is then compressed along the spatial dimensions using a wavelet transform. Five hyperspectral data cubes have been tested using the algorithm. Compression ratios of up to 1000: 1 are achieved with peak signal-to-noise (PSNR) ratios of over 40 dB. For all test cases, we were able to achieve ratios of over 200:1 with PSNR exceeding 46 dB. The ultra-high compression ratio with low distortion is an improvement over other results reported in the literature. In addition, the reconstructed spectra from the highly compressed file are shown to preserve the overall shape of the original spectra. However, in some cases the curves are slightly offset in some spectral regions from the original. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4560-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4793 BP 208 EP 219 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW38D UT WOS:000181801700022 ER PT J AU Davis, AJ Fischer, G AF Davis, AJ Fischer, G TI Device technology limitations in monolithic switched-capacitor Sigma-Delta modulators SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing CY SEP, 1999 CL TALENCE, FRANCE DE delta-sigma modulation; behavioral modeling; simulation; computer aided design; analog circuit imperfections AB This paper analyzes non-ideal effects and fundamental limitations encountered in Sigma-Delta analog-to-digital converters realized by switched-capacitor techniques, Expressions are derived for the lower noise bound as a function of the modulator network structure. Circuit imperfections and device limitations are simulated using a behavioral model. The theoretical results are compared to simulations and actual measurements performed with monolithic implementations of the MASH and the iflf5 network structures. The circuits are implemented in a 2.0 and a 1.2 mum double-poly CMOS process, respectively. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Davis, AJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD JAN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0263-2241(01)00009-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 510VZ UT WOS:000173229100002 ER PT B AU Sadananda, K Holtz, RL Vasudevan, AK AF Sadananda, K Holtz, RL Vasudevan, AK BE Soboyejo, WO Lewandowski, JJ Ritchie, RO TI Critical examination of fatigue thresholds SO MECHANISMS AND MECHANICS OF FRACTURE: THE JOHN KNOTT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT John Knott Symposium on Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fracture CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Comm, Struct Mat Div ID CRACK-GROWTH; CLOSURE; DAMAGE AB in general both peak stress intensity K-max and cyclic stress intensity DeltaK are necessary for the propagation of a fatigue crack. The corresponding threshold values depend on the nature of the governing dislocation processes. These two fundamental parameters relate primarily to minimum stress required for dislocation generation, and the minimum reverse stress necessary for resharpening the crack, respectively. Therefore in the general analysis, there is a unified framework for existence of both K-max and DeltaK thresholds, and no apriori reason for the two to be identical. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-528-X PY 2002 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV44U UT WOS:000179009400034 ER PT B AU Zhang, XJ Czyryca, EJ AF Zhang, XJ Czyryca, EJ BE Soboyejo, WO Lewandowski, JJ Ritchie, RO TI The effect of banded structure on the fracture behavior of a low-carbon 10% NI steel SO MECHANISMS AND MECHANICS OF FRACTURE: THE JOHN KNOTT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT John Knott Symposium on Mechanisms and Mechanics of Fracture CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Comm, Struct Mat Div AB Banded structure is a common inhomogeneity in steel plates. It originates from dendritic solidification, develops in hot or cold working during plate processing, and affects the final microstructure and mechanical properties, especially fracture behavior, of high strength steels. This type of inhomogeneity is persistent and cannot be totally eliminated even after a prolonged homogenizing heat treatment. In this study, the banded structure of a low carbon 10% Ni steel displayed unique fracture characteristics, where alternating bands showed a pattern of two different fracture modes, brittle and ductile, on the fracture surfaces of Charpy V-notch impact samples with a broad range of heat treatments and testing temperatures. Analytical techniques, especially stereo-section fractography (SSF), were employed to relate this fracture pattern to the banded structure of the steel. A direct correspondence between the banded fracture surface characteristics and the microstructural banding underlying the fracture surface was established. The effect of the banded structure on the fracture mode and the ductile-to-brittle transition behavior of the low carbon 10% Ni steel are discussed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Zhang, XJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-528-X PY 2002 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV44U UT WOS:000179009400039 ER PT S AU Crosby, F Nelson, AP AF Crosby, F Nelson, AP BE Sonka, M Fitzpatrick, JM TI A sequential approach to three-dimensional geometric image correction SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2002: IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2002 Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Phys Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE three-dimensional geometric correction; image warping AB This paper presents a new and comprehensive approach for correcting magnetic-resonance images that are subject to three-dimensional geometric distortion. Distortion in such images is typically caused by variations in the magnetic-field gradient in each of the three spatial dimensions. The new approach sequentially applies one-dimensional and two-dimensional correction techniques to achieve a complete three-dimensional geometric correction. It thus avoids many theoretical complications and computational inefficiencies that are inherently associated with direct (non-sequential) three-dimensional correction techniques. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Crosby, F (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4429-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4684 BP 1068 EP 1076 DI 10.1117/12.467063 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU94Y UT WOS:000177471900113 ER PT J AU Oh, HJ Sohn, BJ Smith, EA Turk, FJ Seo, AS Chung, HS AF Oh, HJ Sohn, BJ Smith, EA Turk, FJ Seo, AS Chung, HS TI Validating infrared-based rainfall retrieval algorithms with 1-minute spatially dense raingage measurements over Korean peninsula SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; CLOUD; REFLECTIVITY AB This study compares and contrasts six infrared-based satellite rain estimation techniques and their validation during a 2-month period from June 20-August 20, 1998 over the Korean peninsula. Two probability matching techniques (PMM1, PMM2), a look-up table technique (LUT), a convective-stratiform technique (CST), the Negri-Adler-Wetzel technique (NAWT), and the Arkin technique (ARKT) are applied to hourly infrared GMS imagery. Retrieved rainrates are compared against one-minute reporting raingage observations from the dense Automated Weather Station (AWS) network of Korea. The high spatial resolution and fine temporal resolution of the AWS measurements provide a unique and effective means to validate rain estimates derived from instantaneous space measurements, which is a main scientific focus of this study. Validation results indicate that all techniques exhibit better performance for more evenly spread rain events while exhibiting lesser performance for weak and sporadic rains for which validation sampling becomes more of a problem. Validation statistics show that climatologically-local techniques such as the PMM and LUT algorithms perform better than techniques developed in climatologically different regimes, indicating the well-known dependence of rain physics on the immediate environment. Nevertheless, the validation results suggest how the rain determination parameters including attributed rain and threshold brightness temperature could be optimized locally before application. As others have found, the most difficult problem with satellite infrared techniques is in the detection and quantification of heavy rainfall events arising from uncertainties in discriminating non-precipitating anvil clouds from convective clouds. However, for the set of algorithms under examination here, given the sharp resolution of the validation measurements, it is evident that the CST algorithm exhibits superior performance in differentiating between non-precipitating anvil and heavy rain. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Korean Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Sohn, BJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RI Kim, Bo-Ra/E-6100-2013 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s00703-002-0552-z PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636FF UT WOS:000180443400009 ER PT J AU Leslie, LM Abbey, RF Speer, MS Skinner, TCL AF Leslie, LM Abbey, RF Speer, MS Skinner, TCL TI Intense tropical cyclogenesis over the northwest Australian region in 1998/1999: Causal factors SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL HURRICANE FREQUENCY; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WESTERN PACIFIC; CYCLONES; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SURGES AB The 1998/99 tropical cyclone (TC) season over northwest Australia was notable for an above average number of TCs (seven compared to five on average) and a number of unusually intense TCs making landfall (three category 5 TCs). The active 1998/99 TC season is attributed here to a combination of a number of broad-scale features over the south east Indian Ocean and the Australian region, with identifiable precursors favoring tropical cyclogenesis. These precursors include: below normal MSLP, abnormally warm ocean temperatures, above average relative humidity in the low- to mid-tropospheric levels and weak wind shears in the genesis region under study, that is, between 10degrees S to 20degrees S and 105degrees E to 135degrees E. These favorable conditions first appeared as early as August 1998. The appearance of favorable conditions so far ahead of the TC season indicates that they are the likely cause of the enhanced TC activity rather than simply an effect. Although the season as a whole was an active one, strong intra-seasonal variability was evident in that there were two named TCs in December 1998, forming within three days of each other. Only one formed in January 1999 and none in February. By contrast, in March and April 1999, TC activity was enhanced once again, with four named TCs, three of which attained category 5 status. The importance of the above-mentioned precursors in favoring tropical cyclogenesis during the 1998/99 season is discussed in terms of seasonal time scales of the preceding spring and down to synoptic and mesoscale time scales ranging from several days to 48 hours or less. C1 Univ New S Wales, Ctr Environm Modelling, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Predict Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Bur Meteorol, Sydney, NSW 1300, Australia. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Natl Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. RP Leslie, LM (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Environm Modelling, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1-4 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s007030200017 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 577YL UT WOS:000177090600009 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Barrett, DH Duque, D Engel, CC Friedl, K Gray, G Hogan, B Hyams, KC Kaforski, G Murphy, F North, R Riddle, J Ryan, MAK Trump, DH Wells, J AF Hyams, KC Barrett, DH Duque, D Engel, CC Friedl, K Gray, G Hogan, B Hyams, KC Kaforski, G Murphy, F North, R Riddle, J Ryan, MAK Trump, DH Wells, J TI The recruit assessment program: A program to collect comprehensive baseline health data from US military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Pilot testing has begun on the Recruit Assessment Program (RAP). The RAP is a proposed Department of Defense (DoD) program for the routine collection of baseline demographic, medical, psychosocial, occupational, and health risk factor data from all U.S. military personnel at entry into the armed forces. The RAP currently uses an optically scannable paper questionnaire, which will provide data for the first building block of an electronic medical record within the DoD and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The RAP will serve several important functions, including automating enrollment into the military health care system, improving patient care and preventive medicine efforts, and providing critical data for investigations of health problems among military personnel and veterans. If the feasibility of the RAP is demonstrated and the program is fully implemented throughout the DoD, it could provide a substantial improvement in health care delivery. For the first time, DoD and Department of Veterans Affairs physicians, public health officers, and researchers will have access to comprehensive baseline health status data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Air Educ & Training Command, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Dept Epidemiol, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, IL USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), Vet Affairs Cent Off 13, 810 Vermont Ave NW, Washington, DC 20420 USA. OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000009 PM 11799812 ER PT J AU Page, JC Bohnker, BK Rovig, G Betts, LS Sack, DM AF Page, JC Bohnker, BK Rovig, G Betts, LS Sack, DM TI Navy hearing conservation program: Threshold shifts in enlisted personnel, 1995-1999 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This study presents audiometric information from 54,057 Navy enlisted personnel in the Navy and Marine Corps Hearing Conservation Program database from 1995 to 1999. The purpose was to compare current threshold shift patterns for Navy enlisted population with historical literature and review programmatic effectiveness issues. The data suggest that 82% of the population did not display significant threshold shift (STS) on the "annual" and "termination" audiograms, which increased to 94% after the "follow-up 2" examination. Compared with historical data, STS rates were significantly lower for the most junior enlisted personnel (E1-E3) (odds ratio = 0.34, p = 0.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.30-0.39) but not significantly different for more senior enlisted personnel (odds ratio = 0.96, p = 0.22, 95% confidence interval = 0.90-1.03). STS rates did not appear to correlate with expected "high" and "low" noise exposure Navy enlisted occupations. This suggests further investigation to readdress the possible risk factors other than noise intensity/duration. C1 USN, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. RP Page, JC (reprint author), USN, Occupat & Environm Med Directorate, Ctr Environm Hlth, 2510 Walmer Dr, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000010 ER PT J AU Magann, EF Roberts, WE McCurley, S Washington, W Chauhan, SP Klausen, JH AF Magann, EF Roberts, WE McCurley, S Washington, W Chauhan, SP Klausen, JH TI Dominant maternal sleep position influences site of placental implantation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The objective of this study was to determine if maternal sleeping position around the time of implantation influences eventual placental implantation site. Between November 1997 and April 1999, women with singleton pregnancies between gestational ages of 15 and 20 weeks presenting for ultrasound examinations were prospectively queried regarding their usual position of sleep during early gestation. Dominant position of sleep was noted as prone, supine, right side, or left side. At ultrasound examination, placental location was categorized as (1) fundal, (2) left high, (3) right high, (4) anterior high, (5) posterior high, (6) anterior low, (7) posterior low, (8) right low, (9) left low, or (10) central low. During the 18 months of this study, data were obtained from 1,500 patients. At the time of conception, front or prone sleeping was the most common (497 of 1,500, 33.1%), followed by right side (439 of 1,500, 29.3%) and left side (360 of 1,500, 24%), with the back being the least frequent position of sleep (204 of 1,500, 13.6%). Women who usually slept supine at the time of conception and implantation were significantly more likely to have a high or fundal placental location compared with those who usually slept in the prone position (p = 0.041). In addition, women who slept exclusively on their right side early in pregnancy were significantly more likely to have a right-sided placental location compared with women who slept exclusively on their left side (p = 0.025). The data from this investigation indicate that sleeping position early in gestation may influence the ultimate placental implantation site. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Spartanburg Reg Healthcare Syst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Spartanburg, SC 29303 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Magann, EF (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000014 PM 11799817 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI The price of dominance: The new weapons of mass destruction and their challenge to American leadership SO MILLENNIUM-JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLENNIUM PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA LONDON SCHOOL ECONOMICS HOUGHTON ST, LONDON WC2A 2AE, ENGLAND SN 0305-8298 J9 MILLENNIUM-J INT ST JI Millennium-J. Int. Stud. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 398 EP 400 DI 10.1177/03058298020310020213 PG 3 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 597RU UT WOS:000178235200026 ER PT J AU Wrage, S AF Wrage, S TI War over Kosovo: Politics and strategy in a global age SO MILLENNIUM-JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Wrage, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLENNIUM PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA LONDON SCHOOL ECONOMICS HOUGHTON ST, LONDON WC2A 2AE, ENGLAND SN 0305-8298 J9 MILLENNIUM-J INT ST JI Millennium-J. Int. Stud. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 747 EP 748 DI 10.1177/03058298020310030424 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 657DH UT WOS:000181649800035 ER PT B AU Dutta, I Peterson, KA Chen, MW AF Dutta, I Peterson, KA Chen, MW BE Srivatsan, TS Lesuer, DR Taleff, EM TI Interfacial sliding in multi-component material systems and its mechanism SO MODELING THE PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Modeling the Performance of Engineering Structural Materials CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP Struct Mat Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, ASM Int ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; THIN-FILM; CREEP; TOUGHNESS AB Large shear stresses may develop at interfaces between dissimilar materials during thermomechanical excursions when there is a significant difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between them. Most typically, these shear stresses are confined to the extremities of one of the components, such as fiber-ends in a composite, or the edges of a thin film on a substrate. However, when the dimensions of the phases are small, these shear stresses may prevail over a large area fraction of the total interface. Under appropriate thermal-mechanical conditions, the interface may slide via diffusional processes, thereby accommodating relative dimensional changes between the phases. In this paper, we present evidence of interfacial creep in metal-matrix composites, thin-films on substrates, and interconnect structures in microelectronic devices. Experiments for determining the kinetics and mechanism of this phenomenon are also presented, along with an approach for modeling the impact of this phenomenon in continuous fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dutta, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-529-8 PY 2002 BP 253 EP 267 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV47H UT WOS:000179074400014 ER PT B AU Metzbower, EA Czyryca, EJ AF Metzbower, EA Czyryca, EJ BE Srivatsan, TS Lesuer, DR Taleff, EM TI A neural network analysis of HSLA steels SO MODELING THE PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Modeling the Performance of Engineering Structural Materials CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP Struct Mat Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, ASM Int ID STRENGTH AB A neural network analysis has been performed on a data set from several programs that the U. S. Navy funded in order to determine the composition and properties of HSLA steels. The input variables were the chemical elements, plate thickness, and tempering temperature. The outputs consisted of the yield and ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and Charpy V-notch values at either -1 or -51degreesC. The neural network technique used a Bayesian framework and allowed the estimation of error bars that warn when the data are sparse or locally noisy. After the neural network was trained, a best model was determined. The single best model sometimes generalizes poorly on unseen data, A committee of best models was then used to make predictions that are more reliable than the single best model. Several compositions were evaluated at different thickness and different yield strengths to assess the effect of changes in composition on the properties of the plate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Metzbower, EA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-529-8 PY 2002 BP 343 EP 355 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV47H UT WOS:000179074400022 ER PT B AU Ketcham, RL Bishop, S AF Ketcham, RL Bishop, S BE Amborski, K Meuth, H TI The application of VV&A in promoting the credible employment of M&S within the joint strike fighter program SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Simulation Multiconference (ESM 2002) CY JUN 03, 2001-JUN 05, 2002 CL UNIV APPL SCI, DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP Soc Comp Modeling & Simulat Int, ASIM, Chinese Assoc Syst Simulat, European Simulat Council, Federat European Simulat Soc, Hungarian Simulat Soc, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Turkish Simulat soc HO UNIV APPL SCI AB This paper will describe the management of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to ensure credible usage within the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program. The JSF Program is a Department of Defense (DoD) effort, to field an affordable next generation strike aircraft weapon system for joint service use. This effort envisions the JSF, also known as the F-35, to be an affordable alternative to meet the needs of the Navy, Air Force, Marines, and the U.S. allies. M&S has had, and will continue to have, an extensive role in the JSF acquisition program. The JSF Program was one of the first programs to adopt the vision and goals of Simulation Based Acquisition (SBA), a DoD initiative to integrate the use of M&S across all acquisition phases and programs. The goal of SBA is to reduce the time, resources, and risks associated with major acquisition efforts while enhancing the value to the warfighter. The implementation of SBA principles within JSF has led to a central role for M&S in the recently completed Requirements Phase of JSF. M&S was employed extensively in a variety of engineering, design, and mission effectiveness analyses and M&S results were a key factor in establishing JSF Operational Requirements. M&S continues to play a central role in the acquisition strategy of the JSF program. During the Requirements Phase, the JSF Program Office also began a major effort to develop and execute a robust Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (VV&A) process for the M&S utilized. This paper will look at the approach JSF took in accrediting M&S during this phase of the program and identify some of the key concerns and lessons learned. Finally, we will examine the current phase, System Design and Development (SDD), and show how the VV&A approach is evolving to address these concerns. SDD began in October of 2001, when Lockheed-Martin won a major competition to design and build the JSF. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Joint Accreditat Support Act, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Ketcham, RL (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Joint Accreditat Support Act, 1 Adm Circle, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCS EUROPE PI GHENT PA COUPURE LINKS 653, 9000 GHENT, BELGIUM BN 90-77039-07-4 PY 2002 BP 705 EP 709 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV03C UT WOS:000177652300119 ER PT B AU Carlin, RT Fuller, J AF Carlin, RT Fuller, J BE GauneEscard, M TI Electrodes and electrolytes for molten salt batteries: Expanding the temperature regimes SO MOLTEN SALTS: FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO APPLICATIONS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Molten Salts: From Fundamentals to Applications CY MAY 04-14, 2001 CL KAS, TURKEY SP NATO, Sci Comm ID POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTES; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM; ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; SODIUM; POLYANILINE; FILMS; COMPOSITES; REDUCTION; STABILITY C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Carlin, RT (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0458-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 52 BP 321 EP 344 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Physics GA BU46N UT WOS:000176064500013 ER PT B AU Sutto, TE Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Sutto, TE Trulove, PC De Long, HC BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Investigation of the influence of polymer type on the electrochemical behavior of ionic liquid/polymer gel electrolytes SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID 1,2-DIMETHYL-3-PROPYL-IMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; LIQUID; ELECTRODES AB The electrochemical properties of polymer gel electrolytes, prepared using either polyethylene oxide (PEO) or Polyvinylidenedifluorohexafluoropropene (PVdF-HFP) and the ionic liquid 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-ropylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, were evaluated. The composition of all polymer gels studied was 20% polymer and 80% ionic liquid. A solvent dissolution method was used for preparation of both polymer gel types. The PEO gels were white, waxy, and somewhat fragile, while the PVdF-HFP gels were translucent and rubbery. The room-temperature ionic conductivities for both types of polymer gels were in the range of I to 5 mS/cm. Cyclic voltammetry was performed using graphitic paper, and good cationic intercalative behavior was observed. However, the anionic intercalative behavior was poor. The PVdF-HFP gels exhibited 80% cation charge/discharge efficiencies, with a discharge potential of -1.1 V, while the PEO gels exhibited only 50% charge-discharge efficiencies at -0.45 V. For both gel systems, the anionic charge-discharge efficiencies were below 50%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 54 EP 62 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100005 ER PT B AU Sutto, TE Sienerth, KD De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Sutto, TE Sienerth, KD De Long, HC Trulove, PC BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Direct x-ray diffraction evidence for the electrochemical intercalation of an imidazolium cation into graphite from a room-temperature ionic liquid SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID 1,2-DIMETHYL-3-PROPYL-IMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; ELECTRODES AB 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was electrochemically characterized at a graphitic paper working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry indicated reversible cationic intercalation of the graphitic paper. X-ray powder/thin film diffraction measurements of intercalated graphitic paper gave one primary diffraction peak at 3.44671 Angstrom. In addition, detailed diffraction studies revealed several additional reflections at (0) under bar (0) under bar (1) under bar positions. The x-ray diffraction results are consistent with a DMBIx+C intercalate that has a c-axis of 10.33 +/- 0.0051 Angstrom and a resulting c-axis expansion of 6.98 Angstrom. This result appears to suggest that the plane of the five membered imidazolium ring is lying nearly parallel to the graphite sheets above and below the ring. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100008 ER PT B AU Sutto, TE De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Sutto, TE De Long, HC Trulove, PC BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Investigations of the electrochemical behavior of trialkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonimide) ionic liquids and their polymer gel electrolytes SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID 1,2-DIMETHYL-3-PROPYL-IMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; ELECTRODES AB The physical and electrochemical properties of 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-R-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonimide) ionic liquids (R = propyl and butyl) were investigated. In addition, the physical and electrochemical properties of polymer gel electrolytes prepared from these ionic liquids were studied. In the case of R = propyl, the room-temperature ionic conductivity of the ionic liquid was 5.32 mS/cm and for its polymer gel (20% polymer and 80% ionic liquid) was 3.89 mS/cm. For R = butyl, the pure ionic liquid exhibited a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 4.42 mS/cm, and its 20%/80% polymer gel had a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 3.17 mS/cm. Cyclic voltammograms for both the ionic liquids gave almost identical electrochemical windows of approximately 4.9 V, with the R = butyl based ionic liquid having a slightly larger window. The charge-discharge behavior for the ionic liquids and polymer gels, in a Dual Intercalating Molten Electrolyte cell, showed over 80% efficiency for the cation, while the anion exhibited less than 60% efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. RP Sutto, TE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6170, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 134 EP 144 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100013 ER PT B AU Smith, VF De Long, HC Sutto, TE Trulove, PC AF Smith, VF De Long, HC Sutto, TE Trulove, PC BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Nonenzymatic synthesis of peptides in an ionic liquid SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div AB Amino acids, the monomers that comprise proteins, are abundant in nature and have even been found in environments that do not support life, such as meteorites. The origin of proteins, however, is mysterious because the condensation reaction that forms the peptide bond linking two amino acids is thermodynamically disfavored in the aqueous solutions that are required for life. Ionic liquids, which are polar but non-aqueous and which are stable over a wide temperature range, are an ideal medium for testing whether peptide bonds could form spontaneously between amino acids in the absence of water. We have demonstrated that peptides can form nonenzymatically in the molten salt 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMI-PF6) by incubation of various solid amino acids at temperatures above 100degreesC. Incubation at temperatures below 100degreesC did not produce peptides, even when performed under vacuum. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, VF (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 268 EP 275 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100025 ER PT B AU Cheek, GT AF Cheek, GT BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Electrochemical deposition of aluminum at vitreous carbon in a room-temperature molten salt SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID CHLOROALUMINATE MELTS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; IONIC LIQUIDS; ELECTRODES; ACIDITY AB The electrochemical deposition of aluminum at vitreous carbon has been studied in the AlCl3 : 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride molten salt system. In a 1.2:1.0 acidic melt, multiple Al stripping peaks are observed at low coverage, which implies that there are several types of nucleation sites on the carbon surface. In neutral buffered (NaCl) melts, a symmetrical oxidation peak at -0.4 V (vs Al/1.5:1.0 melt) suggests aluminum stripping after initial deposition at -1.40 V. This oxidation process becomes two peaks, at -0.2 V and 0.0V, if the potential is held for 180s at -1.40 V before scan reversal. This behavior is believed to be due to the loss by diffusion of NaCl, formed during Al2Cl7- reduction, from the electrode surface during potential hold. As a result, aluminum stripping soon exhausts the supply of NaCl at the surface, and the remainder of the aluminum is stripping into an essentially acidic melt at 0.0 V. Scanning electron microscopy of long-term (3600 s) deposits on vitreous carbon show considerable amounts of chlorine and sodium, in addition to aluminum, suggesting that inclusion of melt has occurred during deposition. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 873 EP 880 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100086 ER PT B AU Cheek, GT AF Cheek, GT BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Electrochemical studies of the Fries rearrangement in a room-temperature molten salt SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID IONIC LIQUIDS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; CHLOROALUMINATE; ACIDITY AB The importance of Lewis acids in promoting the Fries rearrangement has been studied by observing the rearrangement of phenyl benzoate in the aluminum chloride : 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) molten salt system. Additions of the Lewis acidic species Al2Cl7 to phenyl benzoate in a neutral melt gave an estimate of the K value (140) for the interaction. The rearrangement did not occur at 20degreesC in the basic melt; however, the reaction went to completion in 12 hours at 77degreesC in a weakly acid melt. The rearrangement products were 4-hydroxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxybenzophenone, formed in a 3 to I mole ratio, as is typical of this reaction in other solvent systems. Further studies were carried out in the neutral buffered melt, under which conditions the reaction required 3 days for completion at 77degreesC, with the same product distribution. In crossover experiments, addition of benzene to the neutral buffered melt produced only the usual hydroxybenzophenone products; however, addition of m-cresol gave mostly methylhydroxybenzophenone products, strongly suggesting that the Fries rearrangement is intermolecular in the neutral buffered melt. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cheek, GT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 923 EP 930 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100091 ER PT B AU Perzanowski, D Schultz, AC Adams, W Bugajska, M Marsh, E Trafton, JG Brock, D Skubic, M Abramson, M AF Perzanowski, D Schultz, AC Adams, W Bugajska, M Marsh, E Trafton, JG Brock, D Skubic, M Abramson, M BE Schultz, AC Parker, LE TI Communicating with teams of cooperative robots SO MULTI-ROBOT SYSTEMS: FROM SWARMS TO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Multi-Robot Systems CY MAR, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Naval Res Lab DE cooperative and collaborative behavior; dynamic autonomy; human-robot interaction; multi-modal interfaces AB We are designing and implementing a multi-modal interface to a team of dynamically autonomous robots. For this interface, we have elected to use natural language and gesture. Gestures can be either natural gestures perceived by a vision system installed on the robot, or they can be made by using a stylus on a Personal Digital Assistant. In this paper we describe the integrated modes of input and one of the theoretical constructs that we use to facilitate cooperation and collaboration among members of a team of robots. An integrated context and dialog processing component that incorporates knowledge of spatial relations enables cooperative activity between the multiple agents, both human and robotic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ITT Ind, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Codes 5512,5513 & 5515, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0679-9 PY 2002 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BV23S UT WOS:000178302300020 ER PT B AU Klimchuk, JA AF Klimchuk, JA BE Martens, PCH Cauffman, DP TI Observation and theory of coronal loop structure SO MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting on Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL KONA, HI SP Comm Space Res, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Montana State Univ Solar Phys Grp, Lockheed Solar & Astrophys Lab, Solar Phys Res Corp, Elsevier Sci ID RECONNECTION; MODEL AB Following up on an initial study of 10 soft X-ray loops observed by Yohkoh (Klimchuk et al. 1992), we have carefully examined 43 additional Yohkoh loops and 24 EUV loops observed by TRACE, and we confirm our original finding that most coronal loops have a nearly uniform thickness. This implies that: 1. the magnetic field in these loops expands with height much less than standard coronal models would predict; and 2. the shape of the loop cross section is approximately circular. We have investigated whether these surprising results can be explained by locally enhanced twist in the field, so that observed loops correspond to twisted coronal flux tubes. Our approach is to construct numerical models of fully three-dimensional force-free magnetic fields. To resolve the internal structure of an individual loop embedded within a much larger dipole configuration, we use a nonuniform numerical grid of size 609x513x593, the largest ever applied to a solar problem, to our knowledge. Our models indicate that twist does indeed promote circular cross sections in the corona, even when the footpoint cross section is irregular. However, twist does not seem to be a likely explanation for the observed minimal expansion with height. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044060-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 13 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV60A UT WOS:000179468700013 ER PT J AU Leventis, N Elder, IA Long, GJ Rolison, DR AF Leventis, N Elder, IA Long, GJ Rolison, DR TI Using nanoscopic hosts, magnetic guests, and field alignment to create anisotropic composite gels and aerogels SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SILICA AEROGELS; SOL; PARTICLES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; FILMS AB Anisotropic composite architectures of vastly different length scales are organized upon nanogluing magnetic microparticulate guests (ca. 10-15 mum iron powder) into a guest-host network by gelation of silica sol in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. The magnetic-field-induced structure of the guest (long needle-like alignment) is frozen in place by the silica nanoscale network created by gelation. No organization is observed in composites in which the silica sol undergoes gelation in the absence of an external magnetic field or when the field is applied to the iron-silica composite after gelation. Aged iron-silica composite gels that are dried supercritically yield highly porous aerogels that retain both their structural integrity and the anisotropic alignment of the magnetic guest, unlike gels dried to form xerogels in which the partial collapse of the porous network destroys the integrity of the monoliths, reducing them to powder. Aged iron-silica composite gels may also be treated with a solution of Na2Cr2O7/HCl to dissolve the iron guest, thereby producing nanostructured mesoporous gels with anisotropic macroporosity. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leventis, N (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 142 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1021/nl015637a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 525NQ UT WOS:000174078200014 ER PT S AU Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Bullock, SE Cozzens, RF AF Wynne, JH Lloyd, CT Bullock, SE Cozzens, RF BE Singh, RK Hofmann, H Senna, M Partch, R Muhammed, M TI Synthesis and ROMP of metal nanocluster containing norbornene derivatives SO NANOPARTICULATE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticulate Materials held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION AB We report the synthesis of a series of highly functional metal chelated silyl- and tert-butyl-protected 2,3-diaminomethyl norbornene derivatives. Subsequent alterations to the previously synthesized norbornene adducts afford many other derivatives containing such functionalities as alkyl, cyano, esters, and ethers. These derivatives are then subjected to ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) employing a ruthenium homogeneous catalyst to afford phase separated block polymers. The block polymers formed serve as unique templates for the formation of size controlled metal nanoclusters having a narrow dispersion. These metal nanoclusters containing diblock polymers are evaluated as unique electrical and optical materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wynne, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6125, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-640-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 704 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV02Q UT WOS:000177647200046 ER PT S AU Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Seals, L Lewis, S Gole, JL AF Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Seals, L Lewis, S Gole, JL BE Singh, RK Hofmann, H Senna, M Partch, R Muhammed, M TI Formation of Ni/SiO2 and Ag/SiO2 nanosphere composites SO NANOPARTICULATE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticulate Materials held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID LASER-ABLATION; SI NANOWIRES AB SiO2 nanospheres have been produced via a high temperature evaporation process and they have been Ni or Ag plated using electroless plating solutions. These samples were examined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Magnetic Resonance,(MR). The initial SiO2 nanospheres were about 30 nm in diameter, and the Ni plating layer resulted in a 25nm thick metallic Ni coverage, while the Ag coverage was estimated to be in the 150 nm range. In the case of the NVSiO2 nanosphere composites, the MR signals show the presence of Ni+2 and Ni+3 paramagnetic centers, seen below 40K, and ferromagnetic metallic Ni, which is seen above 40K. The dried Ni plating solution (with no SiO2) shows only the presence of paramagnetic Ni+3. These results suggest that an interfacial reaction at the surface of the SiO2 nanospheres leads to the formation of ferromagnetic Ni, which deposits onto the spheres and forms a ferromagnetic Ni/SiO2 nanosphere composite. In the case of the Ag/SiO2 nanosphere composites, no MR signal is seen from the non-magnetic Ag, but strong paramagnetic behavior has been noted for CO+2, which originates from the plating solution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-640-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 704 BP 343 EP 348 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV02Q UT WOS:000177647200052 ER PT S AU Markowitz, MA Wong, EM Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Wong, EM Gaber, BP BE Sayari, A Jaroniec, M TI Characterization of mesoporous thin films formed with added organophosphonate and organosilane SO NANOPOROUS MATERIALS III SE PERSPECTIVES IN ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Nanoporous Materials CY JUN 12-15, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Univ Ottawa, Fac Sci, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Molec Sci ID ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; SILICA PARTICLES; NERVE AGENTS; ANTIBODIES; HYDROLYSIS; PESTICIDES; TEMPLATES; POLYMERS; SENSOR; VX AB The effects of added N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium (TMAC) and pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP) on the order and porosity of mesoporous thin films formed with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) were examined by XRD and TEM. The as-prepared and ethanol extracted films formed with TMAC and the combination of TMAC and PMP exhibited P6mm type hexagonal mesostructure with a large unit cell. Calcination of the TMAC functionalized sample yielded a film with 2-D cubic pore ordering. Addition of PMP during film formation did not affect mesopore order but increasing the amount of added PMP resulted in d-spacing shrinkage. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51113-X J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2002 VL 141 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BW11S UT WOS:000180926800025 ER PT S AU Tran, PT Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H AF Tran, PT Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Mauro, JM Mattoussi, H BE Murakami, K Geohegan, DB Trager, F TI Application of luminescent CdSe-ZnS quantum dot bioconjugates in immuno- and fluorescence quenching assays SO NANOSCIENCE USING LASER-SOLID INTERACTIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoscience Using Laser-Solid Interactions CY JAN 24-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE photoluminescence; semiconductors quantum dots; fluoro-immunoassays; biosensors ID RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; NANOCRYSTALLITES AB Colloidal CdSe-ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have tunable narrow-band luminescence emission and high resistance to photodegradation, properties that make them promising for use as fluorescent labels in biotechnological applications such as fluoro-immunoassays and in cellular imaging. We have developed efficient methods for conjugating these inorganic fluorophores to antibodies via the use of a molecular adaptor protein, the 132 domain of streptococcal protein G appended with an electrostatic interaction domain, which acts as a bridge between the QD fluorophore and antibodies. In this approach, coupling of the adaptor to the QD is driven by electrostatic self-assembly, while bridging to the antibody is driven by specific interactions. In the present study, we present fluoro-immunoassay studies employing QD-antibody conjugates for the detection of low levels of the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). We will also explore the use of self-assembled QD-protein-receptor complexes in Forster energy transfer assays, where the QD emission can be altered by a quenching dye receptor in a QD-protein-receptor conjugate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tran, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4375-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4636 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.459733 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU46V UT WOS:000176068200004 ER PT B AU Peckerar, M AF Peckerar, M BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Nanoscience: A new thrust for science in the 21st century? SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res AB This is an essay in two parts aimed at assessing the National Nanoscience Initiative (NNI) in light of the current trends in science management. The first part of the essay provides a critical survey of current trends in science policy from the points of view of industry, university and government. Many of the trends described are shown to inhibit rapid insertion of new, science-based ideas into the arsenal of technology. The second part of the essay focuses on the NNI. The degree to which major government initiatives, like the NNI, can exacerbate this inhibition or breakdown barriers to insertion is explored here. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peckerar, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.465226 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400001 ER PT B AU Marrian, C AF Marrian, C BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Facilities for fabricating nanostructures SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res AB Direct, physical manipulation of matter at the atomic level is the heart of nanostructure science and technology. This requires very special capabilities in terms of tools and personnel. In the past, emphasis has been placed on specialized equipment (e.g., e-beam tools, plasma etchers, proximal probes, etc.), and on environmental control. The point taken here is that management philosophy is at least equally important (if not more important) in achieving project success. The discussion represents a perspective, as derived from experience as director of the Nanoelectronics Processing Facility at the US Naval Research Laboratory and interactions with other Nanofabrication Facilities(i). C1 USN, Res Lab, Nanoelect Proc Facil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marrian, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nanoelect Proc Facil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.465456 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400002 ER PT B AU Borsuk, GM AF Borsuk, GM BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Nanoelectronics - A military perspective SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res ID ART. AB The opportunity afforded by nanoscience and technology offers a broadening of scope in electronics technologies and creates the foundation for the Nanoelectronics Era. Superior electronics is a major "force-multiplier" for military systems. It is anticipated that nanoelectronics will augment the power of this multiplier. This paper explores the scientific and technological trends that will produce nanoelectronics and gives a few examples of the military applications of this emerging technology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Borsuk, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.427105 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400004 ER PT B AU Etter, DM AF Etter, DM BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Nanoscience research for advanced military electronics SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res AB Many future systems will be smaller and smarter. The technology to support these future systems will require an emphasis in nanoscience research in materials and in nano-techniques for advanced electronics. An important catalyst for this research will be collaboration among universities, government, and industry. This presentation will discuss an important new DoD initiative that was designed to support this collaboration in four areas of advanced electronics. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, ONR Distinguished Chair Sci & Technol, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Etter, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, ONR Distinguished Chair Sci & Technol, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.465464 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400006 ER PT B AU Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM Kennedy, TA Rajagopal, AK AF Glembocki, OJ Prokes, SM Kennedy, TA Rajagopal, AK BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Clusters on semiconductor surfaces SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res ID SI(112); GA AB Recent theoretical analysis and experimental investigations indicate that the physics of clusters deposited on semiconductor surfaces such as Silicon may be a promising future avenue for nanostructure science. Clusters of small number (5 - 10) of atoms in free space have also been shown to have interesting energy structures as well as magnetic and electrical moments. We report on the formation of Mn islands on Si(l 11) surfaces and their optical scattering response. We show that Mn islands of diameter 15 to 30nm exhibit paramagnetism at low temperatures, while thick films of Mn do not. In addition, our experiments verify previous theoretical suggestions that polarized optical scattering can be used to detect magnetism in small clusters. We will discuss some of these along with possible future applications of cluster physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glembocki, OJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.437690 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400017 ER PT B AU Thompson, PE Bennett, J AF Thompson, PE Bennett, J BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Ultra-shallow p(+) junctions in silicon formed by molecular-beam epitaxy using boron delta doping SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res ID ION IMPLANTS; SI; SI(100); GROWTH; BF2 AB Ultra-shallow junction layers are required for deep submicron CMOS and quantum devices. Low-temperature (320 degreesC) molecular-beam epitaxy was used to form highly conductive, ultra-shallow layers in silicon using boron delta doping. The as-grown junction depths, determined with secondary ion mass spectrometry, ranged from 7 nm to 18 nm. A minimum resistivity of 3 x 10(-4) Ohm-cm was obtained when the delta-doped layers were spaced 2.5 rim apart. The sheet resistances of the epitaxial layers, plotted as a function of junction depth, followed the theoretical curve for a box-doped layer having a boron doping concentration equal to the solid solubility limit, 6 x 10(20)/cm(3). Minimal change was detected in either the atomic profiles or the resistivity after a 10 s rapid thermal anneal (RTA) or a 10 min furnace anneal (FA) up to 700 degreesC. The sheet resistances of the as-grown shallow junctions are substantially less than those obtained by ion implantation. Only after the 800 T FA did the MBE-grown layers degrade to have as large a sheet resistance as the best ion implanted layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Thompson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.437270 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400024 ER PT B AU Scribner, D Humayun, M Justus, B Merritt, C Klein, R Howard, JG Peckerar, M Perkins, F Johnson, L Bassett, W Skeath, P Weiland, J de Juan, E Finch, J Graham, R Trautfield, C Taylor, S AF Scribner, D Humayun, M Justus, B Merritt, C Klein, R Howard, JG Peckerar, M Perkins, F Johnson, L Bassett, W Skeath, P Weiland, J de Juan, E Finch, J Graham, R Trautfield, C Taylor, S BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Towards a retinal prosthesis for the blind; advanced microelectronics combined with a nanochannel glass electrode array SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res DE retina; prosthesis; channel glass; multiplexer ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION AB An important new area of biomedical engineering is the development of neural prosthesis particularly in the area of cochlear and retinal devices. An intraocular retinal prosthesis test device is currently under development at NRL/JHU. The microelectronic device has an image format of 80 x 40 unit cells interfaced to the retinal surface via an array of microwires in a glass matrix. The system architecture and technology development issues are discussed as well as the topic of biocompatibility. This test device will enable acute human experiments in an operating room environment to demonstrate a massively parallel interface between retinal tissue and a microelectronic array. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scribner, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400031 ER PT B AU Perkins, FK Tender, LM Fertig, SJ Peckerar, MC AF Perkins, FK Tender, LM Fertig, SJ Peckerar, MC BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Sensing macromolecules with microelectronics SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res ID HYBRIDIZATION AB Biological macromolecules (such as proteins, DNA, and RNA) are the machinery of biological processes. Sensors enabling quantitative, real-time detection of these objects promise an enhanced understanding and management of disease and illness, with obvious application to medicine and public health. Ideally, these such biosensors would be useable in the field, at medical point of care, or even in vivo, all of which places where sample preparation would be minimal and use of labeling reagents (e.g., fluorescently labeled antibodies) not practical. In a collaboration between the Electronics Science and Technology Division and the Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering we have developed a microelectronic biosensor capable! of label-free detection of a variety of biological macromolecules. When fully realized and implemented as elements in an array format, this biosensor may enable low cost, simultaneous, real-time detection of thousands of target macromolecules from small sample volumes (10's of muliters) or even in vivo. We describe here the construction and performance of an example sensor based on conventional silicon-based technology, as well as future applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perkins, FK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 251 EP 265 DI 10.1117/12.465477 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400033 ER PT B AU Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD Panagia, N Montes, MJ Sramek, RA Lacey, CK AF Weiler, KW Van Dyk, SD Panagia, N Montes, MJ Sramek, RA Lacey, CK BE Slane, PO Gaensler, BM TI In the beginning... (radio emission from supernovae) SO NEUTRON STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Stars in Supernova Remnants CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP NASA, NSF, MIT Ctr Space Res, Chandra X ray Ctr ID RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; SN 1979C; PROGENITOR AB Study of radio supernovae (RSNe) over the past 20 years includes two dozen detected objects and more than 100 upper limits. From this work we are able to identify classes of radio properties, demonstrate conformance to and deviations from existing models, estimate the density and structure of the circumstellar material and, by inference, the evolution of the pre-supernova stellar wind, and reveal the last stages of stellar evolution before explosion. It is also possible to detect ionized hydrogen along the line of sight, to demonstrate binary properties of the stellar system, and to show clumpiness of the circumstellar material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Weiler, KW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-111-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 271 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV48G UT WOS:000179110700075 ER PT S AU Gontier, AM Ma, C Arias, EF Eubanks, TM Fey, AL Jacobs, CS Sovers, OJ Archinal, BA Charlot, P AF Gontier, AM Ma, C Arias, EF Eubanks, TM Fey, AL Jacobs, CS Sovers, OJ Archinal, BA Charlot, P BE Drewes, H Dow, JM TI Establishment of the ICRF SO NEW TRENDS IN SPACE GEODESY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT B2 1-PSD1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission B held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Agenzia Spatiale Italiana, CNES, European Space Agcy, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geodesy ID REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; ASTROMETRIC SUITABILITY; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; SYSTEM AB The International Celestial Reference Frame, is the basis for measurements from space geodesy and astrometry. It is defined by the positions of compact extragalactic radio sources measured by Very Long Baseline Interferometry and became the fundamental celestial reference frame as of 1 Jan 1998 after a lengthy, carefully conceived process of the International Astronomical Union. The construction of the International Celestial Reference Frame is discussed as well as its first extension issued in 1999. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RSA Syst, Florence, OR 97439 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Observ Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France. RP Gontier, AM (reprint author), Observ Paris, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. OI Eubanks, Thomas Marshall/0000-0001-9543-0414 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00283-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV11T UT WOS:000177857000008 ER PT S AU Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Roberson, CW Sprangle, P AF Gordon, DF Hafizi, B Roberson, CW Sprangle, P BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Self-compensation for the axial velocity spread in a wiggler field SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID BEAM AB In order to obtain optimal performance from a free electron laser (FEL), the axial velocity spread on the electron beam must be small as it propagates through the wiggler field. Treated separately, both the wiggler-induced betatron motions and the self-induced space charge forces tend to increase the axial velocity spread and degrade the performance of the FEL. However, it has been shown analytically [B. Hafizi and C.W. Roberson, Phys. Plasmas 3, 2156 (1996)] that when both effects are treated self-consistently an equilibrium exists wherein the space charge forces exactly compensate for the betatron motion. This leads to the surprising result that for a continuous beam, increasing the beam current can improve the beam quality. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 218 EP 222 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800025 ER PT S AU Bashkansky, M Reintjes, J AF Bashkansky, M Reintjes, J BE Meyendorf, N Baaklini, GY Michel, B TI Subsurface detection and characterization of Hertzian cracks in advanced ceramic materials using optical coherence tomography. SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND RELIABILITY OF MICRO-AND NANOMATERIAL SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation and Reliability of Micro- and Nanomaterial Systems CY MAR, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE NDE; optical coherence tomography; optical gating AB Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an active optical imaging technique that is capable of three-dimensional resolution better than 10 microns in all dimensions. OCT was originally developed as a non-invasive technique in biomedical field. It also found uses in the NDE of various materials including ceramics, plastics and composites. In various ceramics OCT can be used to detect microscopic, subsurface defects at depths approaching hundreds of microns. The depth of penetration depends on the material and on the wavelength of light. Here we demonstrate an application of OCT to the subsurface imaging in various materials and, in particular, to the detection of a surface-penetrating Hertzian crack in a Si3N4 ceramic ball. We present measured subsurface trajectory of the crack and compare it to theoretical predictions. These cracks represent one of the most important failure mechanisms in advanced ceramic materials. The ability to map subsurface trajectories of cracks is a valuable tool in the evaluation of different existing theories. Better theoretical understanding of various properties of crack initiation and propagation can lead to engineering of improved ceramic materials. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bashkansky, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5610, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4451-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4703 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.469630 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Optics SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Optics GA BU98M UT WOS:000177554000006 ER PT S AU Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU BE Meyer, JR Gmachl, CG TI Mid-infrared photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers with improved spectral and far-field characteristics SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE photonic crystal; distributed-feedback laser; mid-IR laser; beam quality; spectral purity ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; FILAMENTATION; ENHANCEMENT; GAIN AB Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) lasers, in which the DFB grating is defined on a two-dimensional lattice, have the potential to provide near-diffraction-linuted, spectrally pure sources of radiation. The conventional 1D DFB laser and also the angled-grating DFB (alpha-DFB) laser are special cases of the PCDFB geometry. For a first proof-of-principle demonstration, optical lithography and dry etching were used to pattern a 2(nd)-order two-dimensional rectangular lattice whose grating was tilted by 20 relative to the facet normal. The antimonide type-II "W" active region emitted at lambda = 4.6-4.7 mum. For pulsed optical pumping, the emission line was much narrower (7-10 nm) than those of Fabry-Perot and a-DFB lasers fabricated from the sane wafer, and the beam quality was enhanced by as much as a factor of 5 compared with the alpha-DFB. The observation of two distinct lines in the PCDFB spectrum is attributed to a near-degeneracy of grating resonances at two different symmetry points of the Brillouin zone for the rectangular lattice. Quantum-cascade (QC) PCDFB lasers are shown to be particularly attractive in the mid.-IR spectral range since their linewidth enhancement factor, which governs the carrier-induced refractive index change, is close to zero. Using a time-domain Fourier-transform algorithm, we estimate that rectangular-lattice QC lasers should emit in a single mode up to a stripe width of 1.2 mm, and produce a near-diffraction-limited beam. Hexagonal-lattice devices may be employed to maintain spectral and spatial coherence over stripes as wide as 3 mm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Felix, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4390-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4651 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1117/12.467952 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU75F UT WOS:000176914000027 ER PT J AU Piacsek, S Potts, M Castellana, L Purini, R AF Piacsek, S Potts, M Castellana, L Purini, R TI Shelf slope convection: A note for Antarctic regions SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-GEOPHYSICS AND SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WATER FORMATION; SEA-ICE; DEEP CONVECTION; GREENLAND SEA; OCEAN; MODEL; LEADS; POLYNYAS; SHALLOW AB Some basic processes associated with buoyancy-driven convection in the presence of coastal upwelling currents were investigated in a 2.5D framework near the Adelie Coast of Antarctica. The surface buoyancy forcing was derived front cooling and brine deposition due to ice formation. and was specified over a persistent off-shore polynya maintained by the off-shore katabatic winds. Rotational effects and the formation of a turbulent surface mixed layer were included in the model. The representation of topography was done via the VBM (virtual Boundary Method) that utilizes equivalent body forces in the momentum equation. thus enabling the use of very efficient Poisson solvers for the pressure, based on FFTs. The simulations were carried out near longitude 143E, between latitude 68S and 65S, over the near-shore shelf region. The hydrography was initialized with the 1/4 deg Levitus annual climatology. Two cases of idealized meteorological forcing were considered: constant winds blowing along-shore and off-shore. The resultant motions in each case were characterized by interaction between the wind-driven upwelling motions and the downward moving dense convection plumes. but with marked differences: a) the formation of a strong front under the open sea edge of the polynya only by off-shore winds; b) the periodic suppression of the surface off-shore currents and of the coastal upwelling only by the along-shore winds; c) the formation of deep upwelling currents along the slope between 400 and 200 meters only for along-shore winds, and d) the rapid filling Of the Surface layers (depths < 100 m) with high salinities tinder the whole polynya by the off-shore forcing. vs. the delayed filling of a narrow region near the downwelling plume with intermediate salinity values by the along-shore forcing. C1 Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Piacsek, S (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI SIENA PA VIA SAN QUIRICO 13/2, I-53100 SIENA, ITALY SN 1124-1896 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Geophys. Space Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 123 EP 135 PG 13 GA 564HD UT WOS:000176308200007 ER PT S AU McDonald, BE AF McDonald, BE BE Kuperman, WA DSpain, GL TI Nonlinear effects in source localization SO OCEAN ACOUSTIC INTERFERENCE PHENOMENA AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ocean Acoustic Interference Phenomena and Signal Processing CY MAY 01-03, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Off Naval Res ID WAVE-GUIDE; PROPAGATION AB Results from the Nonlinear Progressive Wave Equation (NPE) model suggest that remote acoustic localization of an explosive signal may contain an apparent source displacement which depends upon the strength of the explosion. The physics of the apparent displacement are investigated in the context of the following question: Can remote acoustic detection distinguish between an underwater explosion and a signal which entered the water column as a linear wave? C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDonald, BE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0070-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 621 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Oceanography; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Oceanography; Physics GA BU67L UT WOS:000176682800011 ER PT S AU Lloyd, JM Tubridy, LH AF Lloyd, JM Tubridy, LH BE Frouin, RJ Gilbert, GD TI Notional U.S. Navy ocean optical environmental measurement requirements SO OCEAN OPTICS: REMOTE SENSING AND UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Optics - Remote Sensing and Underwater Imaging CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr AB This paper examines the Navy's current electro-optical systems involved in mine countermeasures to establish a baseline for critical environmental parameters which affect their performance. Having established this baseline of system-related parameters, we examine the current generation of environmental measuring capabilities to determine what further developments are needed to cover the shortfall in capability. A suite of measurements is then proposed, which will allow the Navy a performance-predictive capability to assess the expected operation of the sensors. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Lloyd, JM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4202-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4488 BP 8 EP 12 AR UNSP 4488-04 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU15L UT WOS:000175162900002 ER PT S AU Mullen, LJ Zege, EP Katsev, IL Prikhach, AS AF Mullen, LJ Zege, EP Katsev, IL Prikhach, AS BE Frouin, RJ Gilbert, GD TI Modulated lidar system: Experiment vs. theory SO OCEAN OPTICS: REMOTE SENSING AND UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Optics - Remote Sensing and Underwater Imaging CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE lidar; underwater imaging; radiative transfer equation; modulation ID LIGHT AB A modulated light detecting and ranging (lidar) system has been developed to improve under-water imaging. This system uses the modulation information encoded on an optical signal to distinguish between the backscatter signal and the signal reflected from an underwater target. Through choice of the appropriate modulation frequency, this technique has the ability to improve underwater target contrast by reducing backscatter noise. Both laboratory tank experiments and in-situ pier measurements have been completed with a modulated lidar prototype. The results showed that the target contrast improved as the modulation frequency increased, which was due to the corresponding decrease of backscatter noise with increasing modulation frequency. Concur-rent with the experimental measurements, a theoretical model is being developed for the modulated lidar system. This analytical model incorporates both the Small Angle Diffusion Approximation and the Multi-Component Method developed by Zege et at [Appl. Opt., 19931 to solve the radiative transfer equation. The various experimental characteristics are included in the model (i.e., source/receiver, target, and water properties) and the results are compared with relevant experimental data. Preliminary results show good agreement with experimental data, including the reduction of backscatter with increasing modulation frequency. C1 NAVAIR, EO & Special Miss Sensors Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, LJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, EO & Special Miss Sensors Div, Code 4-5-6,22347 Cedar Point Rd,Unit 6, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4202-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4488 BP 25 EP 35 AR UNSP 4488-06 DI 10.1117/12.452829 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU15L UT WOS:000175162900004 ER PT S AU Allocca, D London, M Curran, T Concannon, B Contarino, VM Prentice, J Mullen, L Kane, T AF Allocca, D London, M Curran, T Concannon, B Contarino, VM Prentice, J Mullen, L Kane, T BE Frouin, RJ Gilbert, GD TI Ocean water clarity measurement using shipboard LIDAR systems SO OCEAN OPTICS: REMOTE SENSING AND UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Optics - Remote Sensing and Underwater Imaging CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE laser sounding; Lidar; oceanographic; optical remote sensing; optical scattering ID POLARIZATION AB Experiments with two laser radar systems were conducted off the coast of Key West Florida in May of 2001. The purpose of the test was to observe the effect of the water optical properties on the Lidar return signal decay rate and compare the performance of the two systems. The first Lidar system, the Shipboard K-meter Survey System (KSS), was configured to transmit linearly polarized light and to receive backscattered light in both channels. The second system, the Airborne KSS, is designed to conduct global surveys from patrolling P3-C aircraft. For this test the Airborne KSS was specially configured to operate from the deck of a ship and both systems were operated in conjunction with each other. The Shipboard KSS was configured with a remotely controlled mechanical iris in both receiver channels to allo the use of different fields of view in each channel Several oceanographic in-situ instruments were used to measure such water properties as optical transmission and absorption, backscatter coefficient, diffuse attenuation, temperature, and salinity as functions of depth. This in-situ data was then compared with the Lidar measurements. C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Allocca, D (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Bldg 2185,RM 1100,Code 456, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4202-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4488 BP 106 EP 114 AR UNSP 4488-16 DI 10.1117/12.452807 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU15L UT WOS:000175162900012 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI Johnson, DR Urdenko, VA AF Haltrin, VI Johnson, DR Urdenko, VA BE Frouin, RJ Gilbert, GD TI Connection between light field parameters and optical properties of seawater SO OCEAN OPTICS: REMOTE SENSING AND UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Optics - Remote Sensing and Underwater Imaging CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE marine optics; scattering; seawater; optical properties ID SEA; WATERS; DEPTH AB This paper presents results of in-situ measurements of optical hyperspectral parameters, chlorophyll concentration and inherent and apparent optical properties of seawater. As a characteristic of hyperspectral optical measurements a CIE dominant wavelength and different color indices are used. Such important optical parameters as downward diffuse attenuation coefficient, diffuse reflection coefficient, beam attenuation coefficient, and seawater euphotic depth are measured and analyzed. Multiple regression relationships that connect hyperspectral data with biological and optical properties are proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Code 7330, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4202-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4488 BP 123 EP 132 AR UNSP 4488-18 DI 10.1117/12.452809 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU15L UT WOS:000175162900014 ER PT S AU Haltrin, VI Arnone, RA Urdenko, VA AF Haltrin, VI Arnone, RA Urdenko, VA BE Frouin, RJ Gilbert, GD TI Effective wavelength as a universal parameter of hyperspectral light radiance upwelling from the sea SO OCEAN OPTICS: REMOTE SENSING AND UNDERWATER IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Optics - Remote Sensing and Underwater Imaging CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr DE marine optics; scattering; sea water; optical properties ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHLOROPHYLL; WATERS; DEPTH AB This paper presents experimentally obtained relationships between effective wavelength and a number of important seawater parameters such as dominant wavelength, different color indices, downward diffuse attenuation coefficient, absorption coefficient, seawater effective optical thickness, and a chlorophyll content. A number of regression relationships that connect hyperspectral measurements with listed bio-optical properties are proposed and discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Haltrin, VI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Opt Sect, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4202-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4488 BP 133 EP 142 AR UNSP 4488-19 DI 10.1117/12.452810 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU15L UT WOS:000175162900015 ER PT B AU Bentrem, FW Sample, J Kalcic, MT Duncan, ME AF Bentrem, FW Sample, J Kalcic, MT Duncan, ME GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI High-frequency acoustic sediment classification in shallow water SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB A geoacoustic inversion technique for high-frequency (12 kHz) multibeam sonar data is presented as a means to classify the seafloor sediment in shallow water (40-300 m). The inversion makes use of backscattered data at a variety of grazing angles to estimate mean grain size. The need for sediment type and the large amounts of multibeam data being collected with the Naval Oceanographic Office's Simrad EM 121A systems, have fostered the development of algorithms to process the EM 121A acoustic backscatter into maps of sediment type. The APL-UW (Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington) backscattering model is used with simulated annealing to invert for six geoacoustic parameters. For the inversion, three of the parameters are constrained according to empirical correlations with mean grain size, which is introduced as an unconstrained parameter. The four unconstrained (free) parameters are mean grain size, sediment volume interaction, and two seafloor roughness parameters. Acoustic sediment classification is performed in the Onslow Bay region off the coast of North Carolina using data from the 12kHz Simrad EM 121 A multibeam sonar system. Raw hydrophone data is beamformed into 122 beams with a 120-degree swath on the ocean floor, and backscattering strengths are calculated for each beam and for each ping. Ground truth consists of 68 grab samples in the immediate vicinity of the sonar survey, which have been analyzed for mean grain size. Mean grain size from the inversion shows 90% agreement with the ground truth and may be a useful tool for high-frequency acoustic sediment classification in shallow water. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Bentrem, FW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Bentrem, Frank/D-5624-2009; Sample, Jane/H-4459-2014 OI Bentrem, Frank/0000-0001-5892-4650; Sample, Jane/0000-0002-8783-3229 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200002 ER PT B AU DelBalzo, DR Hemsteter, KP AF DelBalzo, DR Hemsteter, KP GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI GRASP multi-sensor search tactics against evading targets SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB GRASP (Genetic Range-dependent Algorithm for Search Planning) was developed to nearly optimize sonar search patterns in complicated environments. The standard scenario is to maximize cumulative detection probability (CDP) for several ASW searchers against a randomly patrolling threat. A recent improvement to the algorithms allows the target to counter-detect an active sonar pulse and to maneuver away from the searcher. In general, the CDP is reduced dramatically by evasive maneuvers, since the counter-detection range is usually greater than the detection range. The analysis covers several combinations of platforms and sensors in artificial environments. The GRASP solutions show significant benefit, especially against an evading target. GRASP joint tactics exploit target evasive maneuvers to significantly increase detection performance relative to non-joint tactics. A somewhat surprising result is that as the target evasion range increases (better intercept receiver), the multi-sensor CDP increases in an explainable way. The advantages of multi-platform and multisensor ASW search plans are described in terms of improved performance and reduced search time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP DelBalzo, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200009 ER PT B AU Hemsteter, KP DelBalzo, DR AF Hemsteter, KP DelBalzo, DR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Acoustic benchmark validation of GRASP ASW search plans SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB A genetic algorithm is used in non-homogeneous and anisotropic environments to nearly optimize sonar search tracks. The optimization metric is maximum cumulative detection probability for a specified sonar (passive or active) against a target with specified characteristics (acoustic and tactical) during a fixed time period. This application for search planning is named GRASP, for Genetic Range-dependent Algorithm for Search Planning. A validation of GRASP solutions in various ocean environments is shown under benchmark conditions, i.e., fairly simple synthetic environments and a simple target distribution. Directional, range-dependent sonar performance (signal excess) is estimated from Parabolic Equation calculations of transmission loss. The search tracks produced by the genetic algorithm are generally intuitive; they usually remain in high detection areas. When track solutions are counter-intuitive, we explain unexpected behavior (e.g., zigzag turns, tracks offset from symmetric features, and occasional departures from high detection areas) in terms of details in the acoustic field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hemsteter, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 60 EP 64 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200010 ER PT B AU Holland, KT Puleo, JA Plant, N Kaihatu, JM AF Holland, KT Puleo, JA Plant, N Kaihatu, JM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Littoral Environmental Nowcasting System (LENS) SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID X-BAND RADAR; VIDEO IMAGERY; WAVES; QUANTIFICATION; BATHYMETRY; DISPERSION; COASTAL; DEPTH AB Recent advances in electro-optical sensors, environmental characterization algorithms and nearshore circulation models will soon allow near-real-time, high-resolution characterization of littoral regions using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The fundamental objective of a new program at the Naval Research Laboratory is to develop a UAV-based system that couples remotely acquired imagery with advanced data analysis and state-of-the-art numerical models to provide a nowcast of littoral environmental conditions. The conceptual use of this system includes the estimation of waves, currents, and bathymetry to support expeditionary warfare operations particularly with respect to very shallow water and surf zone regions. The system is envisioned to operate organically in that no external sources of information are required. The framework of this system is described and the issues pertaining to operational deployment are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Codes 7440-3 & 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011; Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016; OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097; Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409; Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200014 ER PT B AU Theophanis, S AF Theophanis, S GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Accelerometer and fiber optic gyro measurements of an instrumented cylinder used to study impact burial SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The impact burial of anti-ship bottom mines in soft seafloors is dependent on the sediment properties and the velocity and orientation of the mine at the time of impact. A full-scale instrumented mine has been constructed to measure descent trajectory and velocity for ground truthing of hydrodynamic model predictions. A Dynamic Measurement Unit (DMU) supplied by Crossbow Technology is the primary sensor employed for this measurement. The six channels of data provided by the DMU are three orthogonal DC coupled accelerations, and three angular rates (about the axis system defined by the accelerometers). We develop a signal processing algorithm that converts the raw DMU data into a time history of the mine's position and orientation during deployment. The algorithm is then tested on DMU data gathered from well-characterized instrument motion to quantify the accuracy of our measurement capability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Theophanis, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200015 ER PT B AU McDowell, P Chen, J Bourgeois, B AF McDowell, P Chen, J Bourgeois, B GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI UUV teams, control from a biological perspective SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID ROBOTS AB Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are used extensively for salvage operations, ocean floor surveying and numerous inspection activities that support a wide range of underwater commercial activities. In deep water (greater than 1000 It) an ROV is the platform of choice because of the depth and endurance limitations for human divers. The key disadvantage to an ROV is the requirement for the long tether. The tether greatly inhibits the speed of the ROV, requires a ship with deck gear capable of handling this cable, and significantly restricts ship movement while deployed. Un-tethered Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) have entered the commercial market and have demonstrated the ability to perform deep-water surveys faster and cheaper than towed vessels. With further technological advances, UUVs have the potential for supplementing and even replacing ROVs for many deep-water operations because of the cost and problems associated with the tether. One promising scenario for the near future is to use an ROV or surface ship to control multiple UUVs in a local work area. Typically in this scenario the UUVs are used to extend the sensor footprint of the ROV or surface ship. Another area of interest is the UUV team concept. A stereotypical UUV team would be a heterogeneous mix of several low-cost specific purpose vehicles, guided and supported by one or two higher cost control vessels. Because of the severe restrictions that the sub-sea environment places on communication and positioning, precision underwater navigation is difficult. Currently most precision underwater navigation relies on some sort of infrastructure such as surface ships or underwater beacons placed in known positions. Using these assets as reference-points sub-sea navigation is carried out. Some situations require that the environmental and/or commercial attributes of an area be assessed before an infrastructure exists. In order to do this the UUV team must be able to navigate to an area, carry out its task and return without any pre-existing infrastructure or step by step guidance. Given basic assumptions about the type and frequency of sensor input we present a biologically inspired, decentralized methodology for safely and efficiently moving a loose formation of UUV's to and from the task area with the goal of minimizing outside guidance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM pmcdowell@nlrssc.navy.mil; jchen@lsu.edu; bsb@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 331 EP 337 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200055 ER PT B AU Vosbein, HT AF Vosbein, HT GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Towards better sonar performance predictions SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID FREQUENCY AB Detailed computer modeling has conclusively shown that out-of-plane scattering and small-scale bathymetric roughness influence the backscattered acoustic intensity in nontrivial ways for acoustically hard surfaces such as sand, gravel, shells and rock. This paper presents a preliminary technique for including these effects statistically in sonar performance modeling by adjusting the sea floor material parameter presently used in sonar models to account for them. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39466 USA. RP Vosbein, HT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7184,Bldg 1005, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39466 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 352 EP 357 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200059 ER PT B AU Harvey, DW Lowrie, A Filipczyk, RD AF Harvey, DW Lowrie, A Filipczyk, RD GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The generation of N-layered geoacoustic descriptions of the subbottom using NAVOCEANO-collected environmental data SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID OPTIMIZATION AB A technique has been developed and implemented by the Naval Oceanographic Office for the generation of N-layer Low-Frequency Bottom-Loss (LFBL) databases. This technique employs a data collection methodology, a geoacoustic inversion technique, and fine-scale seismic data interpretation to generate a regional layered geoacoustic (compressional velocity, density, attenuation) definition of the subbottom. These geoacoustic descriptions are optimized to characterize the attenuation of waterborne acoustic energy by the bottom, in the range of 20-1000 Hz. The process begins with the collection of multiple types of environmental data on two types of survey operations. On the first type of survey operation, collocated trackline measurements of broadband transmission loss, seismic, Chirp, and bathymetry are made. Trackline lengths are generally on the order of 15-20 nmi. In addition, in situ conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and expendable bathythermograph (XBT) measurements are made. On the second type of survey operation, seismic and Chirp data are collected along regional tracklines. The spatial separation of the tracklines is a function of the complexity of the geologic layering and is chosen so that accurate regional layer thickness maps can be generated. From the data collected on the first type of survey, subbottom geoacoustic parameters are inverted for using a global optimization method genetic algorithm (GA). Seismic and Chirp data at each transmission-loss location are interpreted for range-dependent layer depths; for each layer a starting field of geoacoustic parameters is generated using sequence stratigraphy, along with empirical relationships between lithology, burial depth, and geoacoustic values. For each geoacoustic parameter, a bound is imposed, representing realistic expected values. The layered starting field of geoacoustics is input to the PE5.0 model and is allowed to iterate through the imposed bounds, using the GA to minimize the error between the transmission-loss model output and the measured transmission-loss data. Regional layered descriptions are generated by extrapolating the inverted for layered descriptions from each transmission-loss measurement location throughout the area. Layer thickness maps are first generated using the regional seismic data. A provinced set of velocities, densities, and attenuations, ground-truthed at the locations at which transmission-loss data were collected, are applied to each layer throughout the region. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Harvey, DW (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 358 EP 362 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200060 ER PT B AU Houston, BH Bucaro, JA Yoder, T Kraus, L Tressler, J Fernandez, J Montgomery, T Howarth, T AF Houston, BH Bucaro, JA Yoder, T Kraus, L Tressler, J Fernandez, J Montgomery, T Howarth, T GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Broadband low frequency sonar for non-imaging based identification SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE SONAR; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; ACOUSTIC PROJECTORS; PURSUITS; THIN AB A new approach to underwater object identification is presented that aims to capitalize on structural acoustic features found in targets at low frequencies. In order to use these features for identification purposes, multi-aspect scattering cross-sections must be extracted over a broad range of frequencies. In this paper, we describe a system created to do this. It employs new low frequency source technology based on CYMBAL arrays and an unconventionally large vertical receive array. Data are acquired in a coherent fashion and synthetic apertures are used to extract multi-aspect target scattering cross-sections*. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Houston, BH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 383 EP 387 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200064 ER PT B AU Clem, TR AF Clem, TR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Sensor technologies for hunting buried sea mines SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE GRADIOMETER; PROTOTYPE; ORDNANCE AB Conventional high frequency sonars may be ineffective in the detection and classification of buried sea mines. Hence new approaches are required to address this problem. Under the Magnetic and Acoustic Detection of Mines (MADOM) Advanced Technology Demonstration in 1990, the fusion of low-frequency imaging sonars and magnetic sensors was introduced and successfully demonstrated to provide detection and classification capabilities against buried mines. In FY 2002, the Office of Naval Research initiated a project to provide a deliberate capability for hunting buried sea mines. Recent developments in acoustic and electromagnetic sensor technology, signal processing, and data fusion are being pursued. In this paper, objectives and approaches for this buried minehunting (BMH) project will be described. The new sensor technologies and system concepts that have evolved since MADOM will be discussed. Future plans to test and demonstrate these technologies and concepts will be presented. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP USN, Surface Warfare Ctr Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 452 EP 460 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200074 ER PT B AU Blackmon, F Sozer, E Stojanovic, M Proakis, J AF Blackmon, F Sozer, E Stojanovic, M Proakis, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Performance comparison of RAKE and hypothesis feedback direct sequence spread spectrum techniques for underwater communication applications SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) techniques for low probability of intercept (LPI) and multi-user communications applications for underwater acoustic communications are investigated. Two promising receivers, a RAKE based receiver and a hypothesis-feedback equalization based architecture are presented The performance of the proposed receiver structures are compared based on simulations and also actual field test data. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 594 EP 603 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200096 ER PT B AU Hong, XD Hodur, R Martin, P Cummings, J AF Hong, XD Hodur, R Martin, P Cummings, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Numerical studies of deep convection in the northwestern Mediterranean sea using the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS(TM)) SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID WATER FORMATION; GULF; LION; DYNAMICS; REGIME; WINTER; OCEAN AB Deep convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea is studied using COAMPS(TM) for winters 1989/1999 and 1999/2000. Hourly surface forcing from COAMPS(TM) atmospheric reanalyses are applied to the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). Numerical studies have investigated the ocean response to the stronger Mistral year (1998/1999) and weaker Mistral year (1999/2000). Large differences in deep convection between the two winters are also investigated by analyzing the depth and temperature of the mixed-layer, the surface height, and the current structure. Interaction between local deep convection and advected Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) is also presented in the simulated results. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM hong@nrlmry.navy.mil; hodur@nrlmry.navy.mil; paul.martin@nrlss.navy.mil; cummings@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 672 EP 679 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200107 ER PT B AU Allard, R Christiansen, J Taxon, T Williams, S Wakeham, D AF Allard, R Christiansen, J Taxon, T Williams, S Wakeham, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The Distributed Integrated Ocean Prediction System (DIOPS) SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Distributed Integrated Ocean Prediction System is a complete wave, tide and surf prediction system that can be run on a Unix platform or personal computer. Operational Navy meteorological numerical modeled winds and sea level pressure are used to initialize and force the system. An improved Graphical User Interface allows for efficient model setup, configuration, and visualization. DIOPS is being designed to be operated by junior enlisted personnel. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Allard, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 680 EP 684 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200108 ER PT B AU Kaihatu, JM Edwards, KL O'Reilly, WC AF Kaihatu, JM Edwards, KL O'Reilly, WC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Model predictions of Nearshore processes near complex bathymetry SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID WAVE SPECTRA AB Waves undergo significant transformation over complex bathymetry, and the resulting nearshore wave conditions can be sensitive to small changes in the offshore wave forcing. A potential consequence of this transformation sensitivity is large uncertainties in modeled nearshore waves owing to the amplification of the error in the deep water Spectra used as initial conditions. In preparation for the upcoming Nearshore Canyon Wave Experiment in La Jolla, CA, a boundary condition sensitivity analysis was performed over the region's submarine canyon bathymetry using the SWAN wave model The sensitivity analysis included varying the offshore spectrum discretization (frequency and directional bandwidths), the peak period and direction of the spectra, and the frequency and directional spreads. In each case, the magnitude of the spectral variations was governed by the expected uncertainties when initializing a nearshore model with a) typical buoy data for the area, and b) global WAM model hindcasts or forecasts. In addition, data from the Torrey Pines Outer Buoy (located 12 km offshore) from the first week of November 2001 were used to initialize the model, and the maximum change seen in the domain over the course of the week were compared to those derived from the sensitivity analysis. The nearshore locations that showed the largest change in wave height over time were also the areas most sensitive to boundary condition errors, and correspond to areas of wave focusing. Errors in the estimation of the peak offshore wave direction were found to have the greatest impact on the accuracy of the nearshore wave predictions. The coarse directional resolution (15 degrees) of deep water spectra provided by the present generation of operational global models is shown to be a significant source of error when hindcasting or forecasting nearshore waves over complex bathymetry. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kaihatu, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 685 EP 691 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200109 ER PT B AU Gruzinskas, P Haas, A Goon, L AF Gruzinskas, P Haas, A Goon, L GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Data mining ocean model output at the naval oceanographic office major shared resource center SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB One of the Computational Technology Areas supported by the High Performance Computing Modernization Program is Climate, Weather, and Ocean (CWO) modeling. To this end, state-of-the-art computing architectures are leveraged against the extremely difficult problem of mathematically modeling and predicting the behavior of a variety of ocean climatological parameters. The problem at hand is the technology to store, retrieve, manipulate, and display these data has not kept pace with the computational technology. During the last five years, we have seen significant cost reductions associated with applying the status quo in visualization techniques to scientific data sets. This is due in large part to the computer gaming industry, driven by the huge profit margins associated with that market. The scientific community has benefited by these advances in low-cost architectures, but only as a by-product of its original intent, which is entertainment. Even so, these low-cost architectures are not designed to handle the scale of data sizes presented by the scientific community and serve only to make inadequate techniques cheaper to field and use. The Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center (NAVO MSRC) Visualization Center is challenged with providing its users state-of-the-art analysis environments for the interrogation of their increasingly large data sets. This paper deals with the data generated by the CWO community, all of whom work with large domains and high resolutions (either vertically, horizontally, or both) that all vary over time. This leads to very large data sets (rows x columns x layers x attribute per cell) for each time step and can challenge even the most powerful architectures when trying to extract or "mine" information from the raw data. As in most visualization applications, the model output deals with physical parameters that are invisible to the naked eye. This means effective methods of display are required for ocean circulation or currents, sea surface height, temperature, salinity, and so on. One analogy, which no doubt started the concept of "data mining," is that the raw data represent a huge block of ore from which gold nuggets of valuable information (features) must be extracted or mined. This paper concerns the technical solutions that were built to solve the challenges described above, including algorithms, data descriptions, and formats. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gruzinskas, P (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 751 EP 755 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200120 ER PT B AU Harding, J Preller, R Rhodes, R AF Harding, J Preller, R Rhodes, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Ocean prediction capabilities (present & future) at the Naval Research Laboratory SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Oceanography Division of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) conducts a coordinated program of research and development (R&D) that results in Navy operational ocean nowcast and prediction capabilities. This R&D covers domains from global scales down to local surf zone scales with both military and civilian applications. It includes sophisticated primitive-equation ocean circulation models on global and nested regional and local domains designed for high performance computing platforms at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) and Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC). It also includes less sophisticated, but operation ally-relevant, models designed-to run on workstations and personal computers at the Navy's regional Meteorology and Oceanography Centers (METOCCEN) and on-scene. These latter capabilities, while capable of stand-alone operations, are specifically designed to accept initial and boundary conditions available from the central site products. This paper presents first, an overview of NRL R&D efforts in global and regional nowcast and prediction capabilities that provide these initial and boundary conditions. These efforts combine primitive equation models with optimal interpolation assimilation techniques using both in situ and remotely-sensed temperature and altimetry data. Assimilation of altimetry data via statistical models that relate surface height to subsurface density structure is key to mesoscale, nowcast and prediction skill, especially for deeper water. Second, this paper presents an overview of,the current, rapidly-relocateable, local-area nowcast and forecast capabilities for temperature, salinity, currents, and surface waves for NAVOCEANO as well as the METOCCEN and on-scene applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Harding, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 763 EP 768 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200122 ER PT B AU Rowley, C Barron, C Smedstad, L Rhodes, R AF Rowley, C Barron, C Smedstad, L Rhodes, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Real-time ocean data assimilation and prediction with global NCOM SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID MODELS AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) at Stennis Space Center has developed a global implementation of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). Global NCOM encompasses the open ocean to 5 m depth in a curvilinear global model grid with 1/8 degree grid spacing at 45N, extending from 80 S to a complete arctic cap with grid singularities mapped into Canada and Russia. The model employs 40 vertical sigma-z levels, with sigma in the upper ocean and coastal regions, and z in the deeper ocean. The real-time system uses Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) 3-hourly wind stresses and heat fluxes. Operationally available sea surface temperature (SST) and altimetry (SSH) data are incorporated into NAVOCEANO Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) and Navy Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) analyses and forecasts of SSH and SST. These in turn are combined with the MODAS synthetic database to yield three-dimensional fields of temperature and salinity for assimilation into global NCOM. Here, we describe the analysis and forecast system, present selected evaluations of the model performance, and discuss planned upgrades to the model and data assimilation methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rowley, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008; OI Rowley, Clark/0000-0003-3496-6404 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 775 EP 780 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200124 ER PT B AU Preller, RH Posey, PG Dawson, GM AF Preller, RH Posey, PG Dawson, GM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The operational evaluation of the Navy's globally relocatable tide model (PCTides) SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has developed a globally relocatable tide/surge forecast system. This system runs on a UNIX platform but was designed originally for PC-based use and is referred to as PCTides. The core of the system is a 2-dimensional barotropic ocean model. The model is forced with boundary conditions from a global tide model and uses surface winds and pressures (if available) and/or astronomical forcing. The global ocean bathymetry is a 2-minute global database developed by the Naval Research Laboratory. Atmospheric forcing from the Navy's global or regional models is provided through the METCAST system and used to generate real time, wind driven forecasts. PCTides output includes time series of tidal height deviations at each grid point of the model and time series of tidal height deviations at higher frequency (usually 10-12 minutes) at specified point locations. Barotropic tidal currents are also produced by the system. PCTides has successfully completed its operational evaluation performed by the Naval operational centers located in Norfolk, Virginia and San Diego, California. PCTides was run daily in real time to forecast tidal height deviations from regions along the east and west coasts of the United States. The model forecasts were compared to real time observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) coastal tide gauges. Results from these evaluations showed an average amplitude error of 15 cm and a phase error of 30 minutes. Specific examples of PCTides hindcasts and forecasts for various areas will be presented and discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Preller, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRL Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 847 EP 852 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200134 ER PT B AU Dykes, JD Hsu, YL Rogers, WE AF Dykes, JD Hsu, YL Rogers, WE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The development of an operational SWAN model for NGLI SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Military operations levy increasing demands for wave forecasts well into the littoral regions and surf zone, and thus drive the need for high-resolution ocean surface wave models. This requires a specialized model that includes shallow-water physics and is stable at high resolution. SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore [1]) is one such model. Like the larger scale wave models used at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), SWAN is a "third-generation" numerical wave model and has no limitations on propagation direction. Input for SWAN typically consists of surface wind, wave spectra boundary conditions, and high-resolution bathymetry. SWAN provides the user a large span of configuration options to fit the needs of varied applications. This paper describes a real-time nowcast/forecast implementation of the SWAN model, designed and tested at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and NAVOCEANO to support the Northern Gulf of Mexico Littoral Initiative (NGLI) Project [2], [3]. NGLI provides an ideal venue for model validation, as it includes an extensive observation system in predominantly shallow and intermediate-depth water. A variety of comparisons are made between SWAN output and in situ data within the NGLI region. Additionally, the accuracy of SWAN's forcing-here derived from WAM (WAve Model, [4], [5]) and COAMPS (Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System [6])-needs to be evaluated, as does the impact of their accuracy on the SWAN model. Furthermore, logistical issues related to the introduction of this experimental modeling capability into military operations are being investigated and evaluated. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Dykes, JD (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 859 EP 866 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200136 ER PT B AU McCreedy, F Wilson, R Shaw, K Braud, J AF McCreedy, F Wilson, R Shaw, K Braud, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Design of a Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) system for area of interest access to large volumes of bathymetric data SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Digital Mapping, Charting and Geodesy Analysis Program (DMAP) of the Naval Research Lab (NRL), in an effort to aid Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) data processing needs, has developed a system to spatially index and query bathymetric data stored in Generic Sensor Format (GSF) data files. The GSF data file format has the ability to store various types of data, but in this system only bathymetry, specifically, single-beam and multi-beam bathymetry, is indexed. Bathymetric data is used by NAVOCEANO to generate various oceanographic information products. Presently, to obtain bathymetric data for a particular area of interest (AOI) for product generation, NAVOCEANO personnel must determine which oceanographic surveys generated bathymetric data files in the AOI and where these files are physically located. Next, they have to download all of these files and process them. Each of these files may have large amounts of data (potentially hundreds of megabytes) that are outside of the given AOI. It is also possible that some files may not have any data in the AOI. Using the spatial indexing ability of Oracle, the NRL-developed system allows NAVOCEANO to quickly determine and retrieve only the bathymetric data that is relevant to the AOI, completely automating the process of data acquisition. This system provides benefits by substantially reducing the amount of data that must be considered when producing a product and also by providing users with an intuitive interface to use for data retrieval purposes. This paper will discuss the spatial indexing scheme, spatial querying, the interface for retrieving data, and other components of the NRL system. In addition, problems that were encountered and the time savings provided by this system will be discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP McCreedy, F (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 891 EP 894 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200140 ER PT B AU Ladner, W Moseley, J AF Ladner, W Moseley, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Managing heterogeneous databases to support diverse product requirements SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper presents a conceptual design for storing, managing, and accessing data to optimize oceanographic product development. It shows that data sets can be combined in many ways to satisfy customer requests for operational oceanography products if special care is given to the underlying data architecture and data interface. To accommodate varied product requirements, the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) has adopted a geospatial data interface that contains both a metadata. catalog and data transformation features. The geospatial data interface uses the metadata catalog containing spatial reference information to rind and retrieve data in a usable, georeferenced format. Geographical Information System (GIS) applications can directly access the catalog through a spatial index maintained by commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) spatial data applications. This same data architecture can be utilized to maintain an object-oriented feature database as well. This conceptual design may be useful to other oceanographic organizations that must represent data in many ways to satisfy customer requests. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Hydrog Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Ladner, W (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Hydrog Dept, 1102 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 895 EP 899 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200141 ER PT B AU Steed, CA Braud, JE Koehler, KA AF Steed, CA Braud, JE Koehler, KA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI VGRID: A generic, dynamic HDF5 storage model for georeferenced, grid data SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper describes the Variable resolution GRID (VGRID) storage model designed to support the storage and retrieval of bathymetric data collected through the Precision Underwater MApping (PUMA) System using the Tactical Environmental Data Server (TEDS) and the Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO) Digital Bathymetric Data Base - Variable (DBDB-V) Resolution product. Sponsored by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR, PMW-155), PUMA-TEDS represents a significant advancement in the collection and assimilation of environmental data at global, regional or local levels. Although VGRID has been developed for PUMA bathymetry, its generic implementation makes it suitable for use with any type of environmental data grid through the definition of a product specification. Built on NCSA's Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (HDF5), the VGRID model inherits the HDF5 file format and library implementation that is optimized for large-scale scientific data storage. The VGRID model provides a hierarchy of environmental storage objects: files, constituents, and grids. A VGRID file can contain VGRID constituents enabling multiparameter data storage. VGRID constituents can contain VGRID grids that are identified by resolutions and have grid increments specified in arc minutes, meters, or polar stereographic grid units. The grid interface supports the storage of geographic, polar stereographic, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projected grids. Behind the scenes of the VGRID API, a tile scheme is applied to data written to the VGRID file. When VGRID grids are created, compression options can be set for all tiles created in the resolution. The VGRID tile scheme provides the framework for a robust tile caching mechanism, which minimizes the time required to read data from a VGRID file. The VGRID AN uses a "bounce" algorithm to search each resolution and extract the highest resolution data for a point query. In addition, three interpolation options are available for point queries: nearest neighbor, bilinear, and minimum curvature spline. The minimum curvature spline algorithm provides a "feathering" capability that effectively reduces the artifacts that often occur at the resolution boundaries of multiple resolution datasets. To support the dynamic nature of the PUMA-TEDS system, the concept of co-existing supplemental and historical VGRID files has been developed to support near real-time enhancements to the principle database product. To preserve the generic storage model, the supplementary Me concept is not included in the VGRID specification but is left for implementation at the product specification level. Investigation of the PUMA-TEDS DBDB-V model provides valuable insight into the dynamic possibilities of the VGRID file model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Steed, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Steed, Chad/0000-0002-3501-909X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 900 EP 907 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200142 ER PT B AU Southerland, DG Davidson, DL AF Southerland, DG Davidson, DL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Electronic diving data collection during monitor expedition 2001 SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The USS Monitor is a famous iron-clad ship that fought in the American Civil War and sunk during a storm off the coast of North Carolina in 1862. Since 1973, when its location was identified, several organizations have surveyed the wreck and recovered artifacts. In the summers of 2000 and 2001, the U.S. Navy participated with the National Oceanic and Aeronautics Association (NOAA) in a set of historical preservation dives on the Monitor. The U.S. Navy used recently modified Surface Supplied Helium Oxygen Decompression Tables. The modifications reduced the in-water oxygen exposure because several incidents of oxygen toxicity had been reported by operational users. The modified tables had not been man-tested. Instead, the decision was made to dive the modified tables on the Monitor mission and to record the dive profiles in research-quality detail. NEDU used the dive logs to record the diver-specific and outcome data. Available commercial dive computers (DC) were used to electronically log the dive profiles. This paper describes the dive results from the dives performed during 2001. There were 387 man-dives recorded during the diving operations of 17 July 2001 - 24 August 2001. There was one case of decompression sickness Type 11 which was successfully treated with a Treatment Table 6 with extensions. Four divers were treated on a mandatory Treatment Table 6 for having had excessive delays due to ear squeezes while being compressed for the in-chamber phase of the tables. The logged profiles demonstrate the usefulness of the detailed log, since the time at depth for some dives was spent up to 30 feet of seawater shallower than other dives even though the maximum depths were the same, and that depth difference would not have been logged in the normal dive logs. The electronic data collection system does appear to work well if you have on-site investigators who will record the data. The system also offers the ability to decrease the number of laboratory dives necessary to field new decompression tables. C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Southerland, DG (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, 321 Bullfinch Rd, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 908 EP 912 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200143 ER PT B AU Nuckols, ML VanZandt, KW AF Nuckols, ML VanZandt, KW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Manned evaluation of a diver heater using hydrogen catalytic reactions SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The necessity for active diver heating during long duration, cold water diving operations is well established. A proof of concept study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype hydrogen catalytic heater to satisfy the thermal protection needs of up to six combat swimmers in long duration, cold water missions. Body weight, urinary output, and rectal and skin temperatures were measured in six U. S. Navy divers during 3 dives to similar to6 in for 6 hours in 1.7degreesC (35degreesF) water temperatures. Level of thermal comfort was reported subjectively at pre-defined intervals by the test subjects. The hydrogen catalytic heater was found to be capable of delivering 2 kilowatts of active heating to up to six divers by circulating warm water through closed-circuit tubesuits at flow rates of up to 2.8 liters per minute (0.75 gallon per minute) at suit delivery temperatures of approximately 38-39degreesC (100-102degreesF). This heating capacity was shown to be capable of doubling to 4 kilowatts by either increasing the hydrogen circuit levels between 1-2% (still below the combustible range of 4% hydrogen), or by increasing both the hydrogen and air injection rates into the heater assembly, thereby keeping the hydrogen diluted. The heater control system was shown to successfully maintain pre-set water delivery temperatures through a feedback control loop with the hydrogen injection valve. Test results suggest that while the hydrogen catalytic heater is fully capable of providing adequate levels of supplemental heating for 6 divers simultaneously, a redesign of the commercial tubesuit will be necessary to provide thermal comfort to the divers' hands and feet and to prevent a thermal short through the diver's head. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Nuckols, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 913 EP 918 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200144 ER PT B AU Lindler, KW Nuckols, AL AF Lindler, KW Nuckols, AL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Hydrogen fuel storage/delivery for a diver heater using hydrogen catalytic reaction's SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The necessity for active diver heating during long duration, cold water, swimmer delivery vehicle (SDV) operations is well established. Alternative approaches to supply this active heating requirement have covered a wide range of technologies, including thermoelectric heaters, magnesium combustion, propane/catalytic heating, and direct electrical resistive heating. While all of these methods have been shown to be capable of producing sufficient quantities of heat, each has its own inherent restrictions and interface issues when applied to an SDV operation. These issues include heater power consumption requirements that compete and detract from the power requirements for SDV propulsion, and heater packaging requirements in an already space-limited environment. A simple hydrogen catalytic combustion heater was tested as a breath heater for deep diving applications. The high heat production demonstrated during this testing suggested that this approach could also be used as a diver heater to potentially minimize package size and power requirements and yet meet all the diver heating requirements for long duration Spec War missions. Preliminary analysis has shown that less than 0.4 kg of hydrogen could supply the 2 kW of heat needed to sustain up to 6 divers in OXiC water for up to 6 hours. This paper investigates the various methods to store and supply the hydrogen fuel. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lindler, KW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 919 EP 924 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200145 ER PT B AU Steigleman, WA AF Steigleman, WA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI An overview of diving in contaminated water SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Unfortunately, diving in contaminated water is a problem that most diving operations must confront, and we at NEDU are developing a program to address the myriad of concerns about diving in hazardous environments. Our approach includes creating strategies for identifying and characterizing hazards, optimizing diver protection, and establishing effective decontamination procedures. A recent survey of commercial and governmental diving agencies has elucidated current best practices for diving in contaminated water. Current capabilities for identifying quantitative hazards and assessing risks from occupational exposures to waterborne contaminants are somewhat limited. That is, deciding whether a contaminant is present and, if so, at what concentration that contaminant is a health concern is a significant challenge. For now, a qualitative approach may be more reasonable than a quantitative one. Some operators employ a precautionary principle: they assume that at least some level of contamination exists, and they protect divers accordingly. The goal of protective dive gear is to sequester divers from water containing contaminants. The most protective diving ensemble includes a diving helmet mated to a vulcanized dry suit, an ensemble that most commercial and many governmental diving agencies use for diving in contaminated water. Such equipment is expensive to procure and labor intensive to operate and maintain. It is also very encumbering and is thermally stressful to use in warm water. Full-face masks offer less protection than a diving helmet, and standard dive masks, as routinely used in scuba diving, offer the least protection for divers. Decontamination procedures focus on removing any hazards that have contaminated the diving rig during dives in contaminated water. In general, the process entails step-wise rinsing and scrubbing of the equipment with neutralizing agents and surfactants, according to the nature of the contaminant. Attendants must minimize the risks of exposing the diver to contaminants while doffing gear; they may also need to take precautions similar to those that the diver takes. Training in operating specialized equipment and handling hazardous materials is available to most who must dive in contaminated water. Medical concerns - including immunization procedures and procedures to redress consequences of equipment failure and diver pre-existing conditions - need to be addressed before diving in contaminated water begins. C1 USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Steigleman, WA (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, 321 Bullfinch Rd, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 925 EP 929 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200146 ER PT B AU Wiegert, R Price, B Hyder, J AF Wiegert, R Price, B Hyder, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Magnetic anomaly sensing system for mine countermeasures using high mobility autonomous sensing platforms SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper presents field test results from a new vector magnetometer-tensor gradiometer sensor system that is being developed, with support from the Office of Naval Research, for detection, localization and classification (DLC) of ferrous mines in Surf Zone/Very Shallow Water (SZ/VSW) environments. The new gradiometer's hardware configurations and target signature processing methods specifically have been developed for small, high-mobility autonomous sensing platforms, such as Underwater Bottom Vehicles (UBVs). The UBVs' small size and power budgets, large changes in vehicle orientation (due to the SZ/VSW's variable seafloor morphologies and turbulent water conditions) and potentially severe electromagnetic interference present serious technical challenges that magnetic sensing systems must overcome in order to provide effective DLC of mines. The prototype gradiometer hardware consists of an array of triaxial magnetometer-accelerometer units that are software-configured as a multi-axis vector magnetometer/tensor gradiometer. The hardware design allows the development of robust target localization signals that are derived from tensor contractions of the magnetic anomaly gradient tensor. In addition, the triaxial accelerometer array provides a unique reference base for compensation for the effects of sensor platform motion. The experimental results demonstrate that the gradient contraction approach will provide autonomous sensing platforms with robust, three-dimensional mine detection and localization capabilities at ranges of several meters and at all angles of approach to mine-like magnetic targets. The sensor system's gradient contraction based target localization approach is particularly appropriate for DLC of magnetic targets from high mobility autonomous sensing platforms such as UBVs (or Navy divers) that frequently undergo large changes in velocity and orientation as they search for underwater and buried mines. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Wiegert, R (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 937 EP 944 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200148 ER PT B AU Bono, J AF Bono, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Active electromagnetic detection of objects buried in the sea bottom SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The problem of electromagnetic detection of an object buried in the sea bottom is studied using a simple model of scattering from a sphere in a two-layer medium. The near-field scattering problem, including the interaction between the sphere and the interface, is solved exactly. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Bono, J (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 974 EP 977 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200153 ER PT B AU Allen, GI Purpura, J Overway, D AF Allen, GI Purpura, J Overway, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Measurement of magnetic noise characteristics on select AUVS with some potential mitigation techniques SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID GRADIOMETER AB Shallow water and surf zone target detection/localization is very problematic due to severe sensor limitations imposed by the environment. The Navy is relying more and more on AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) to accomplish this difficult shallow water task and keep human divers out of harms way. To augment the AUV's detection and localization capability, various sensors and sensor suites are being investigated. One technology that is minimally affected by the harsh shallow water environment is magnetics. This paper is concerned with the early stage efforts to augment the AUV with an enhanced magnetic detection/localization capability that is inherently unaffected by environmental conditions found in the shallow water environment. Prior to the placement of a sensitive magnetic sensor system on an actual AUV, the magnetic characteristics of the vehicle itself must be measured and their detrimental effects on the sensor mitigated. In particular, this paper discusses techniques for the magnetic characterization of several AUVs and a comparison of these results. It then briefly discusses proposed methods of mitigation and some of the surprising results obtained from candidate. platforms. Detailed mitigation techniques and results are presented in a companion paper. The major AUVs characterized in this paper are the REMUS from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, the BPAUV from Blue Fin Robotics and the MORPHEUS from Florida Atlantic University. These AUVs were chosen for their small to medium size and minimal support requirements vital for shallow water operation. Static magnetic signatures caused by the platform materials were measured unpowered while the fields created by current loops, motors, actuators, electronic circuits, etc. were measured by powering the vehicle and energizing individual circuits. Experimental measurements were made with one of the proposed magnetic sensor systems, the Real-time Tracking Gradiometer (RTG), as well as individual 3-axis magnetometers located strategically throughout the AUV and ammeters connected to the batteries. Analysis of the data revealed that the favored location of a magnetic sensor is generally near the nose of the platform. Even in that position, sensor degradation caused by the presence of the various powered circuits on the AUV could be as high as 30 dB above sensor noise. Initial measurements also revealed the presence of ferromagnetic components such as steel springs, magnetic switches, steel-jacketed batteries, etc. that should be replaced with nonmagnetic equivalents when practical. It was demonstrated that other offenders such as motors and actuators that change position could be countered by using auxiliary magnetic sensors and magnetic feedback. Using data from the battery ammeters in a reference mode proved extremely effective in reducing the higher frequency magnetic noise. It appears that with limited redesign and the appropriate auxiliary sensors and mitigation software, the onboard magnetic sensor system can be made to operate at or near sensor noise for both detection and localization on some AUVs. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Allen, GI (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 978 EP 984 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200154 ER PT B AU Wynn, M Bono, J AF Wynn, M Bono, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Magnetic sensor operation on board an AUV: Magnetic noise issues and a linear systems approach to mitigation SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The U. S. Navy has demonstrated that total-field magnetometers and gradiometers as well as tensor fluxgate and superconducting magnetic gradiometers can be used in towed underwater platform environments. In these applications, the principal platform noise issue has been that caused by the rotation of onboard magnetic materials in the large background earth's magnetic field. The associated induced magnetic polarization changes and eddy currents cause secondary magnetic fields to be generated at the onboard sensor, and these overwhelm the magnetic signature of objects to be detected and localized. In these applications it has been established that knowledge of the earth's field vector time history in the platform reference frame can be used in a relatively simple fixed-parameter filter model to estimate the "motion noise" contribution to the measured signal, and to effectively remove it. The associated model has been modified to contain up to three magnetic dipole sources, and measured, time-windowed data has been used to simultaneously remove platform motion noise and localize magnetic targets. To operate a magnetic sensor onboard an AUV, it is necessary to deal with the problems encountered on a towed platform, that is, motion noise in the earth's field, but now there are numerous additional magnetic sources that are independent of the external field. These include onboard current loops and magnetic materials that move relative to the AUV platform. Examples are control surface mechanisms, motors and controllers, onboard processors, and switch magnets. To model the noise from all magnetic sources, it is still necessary to monitor the earth's magnetic field onboard the platform. It also is necessary to add measurements of onboard currents and magnetic field measurements made very near any sources that move relative to the platform. The basic issue here is that all onboard magnetic sensors will respond to the large earth's magnetic field changes due to rotation of the AUV in the earth's field. The additional magnetic field sensors should be positioned such that the additional field changes due to the local sources are measurable relative to the rotational changes. We describe both frequency-domain and time-domain filter models that incorporate onboard AUV reference sensor measurements to cancel platform noise, and apply the models to data collected as described in companion papers. We evaluate the relative performance of the time-domain and frequency domain models, and show that it depends on the measurement sets used to perform the modeling. We conclude that windowed time-domain filters hold much promise for future AUV-resident magnetic sensor systems. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 985 EP 993 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200155 ER PT B AU Harrison, SP van Norden, MF AF Harrison, SP van Norden, MF GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Electronic chart display overlay development at the naval oceanographic office for use in tactical applications SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) has traditionally produced Special Tactical Oceanographic Information Charts (STOICs) that provide the warfighter with information superiority by describing the hydrographic/ oceanographic nature of the battlespace in a paper chart or raster chart format. It is a compilation of information from all available sources, including imagery, foreign sources, historical data from databases, oceanographic models, and on-scene data collection. The centerpiece of a STOIC is the hydrographic chart, typically an 8x8 nautical mile area along a coast at a 1:25,000 scale. This chart is surrounded by Essential Elements of Information, in text and graphic form, which succinctly describe environmental parameters that specifically affect Mine Warfare, Special Operations, and Amphibious Warfare. The present STOIC product cannot be simultaneously viewed with other geospatial data, such as route plans, order of battle, or terrain information, as required for achieving intelligence dominance of the battlespace. In addition, the Navy is now transitioning to electronic navigation using Digital Nautical Charts (DNCs(R)) and plans to be fully operational with Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems-Navy (ECDIS-N) on all ships by fiscal year 2004. To support these new geospatial capabilities, future NAVOCEANO tactical products will be based on standards-based geospatial information that allows for feature attribution and compliance with both the NATO Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard and the International Hydrographic Organization S57 transfer standard. The new product line will be tactical layers that can be overlain on the DNC(R) or Electronic Navigation Chart data and Will exhibit the full functionality of ECDIS-N, the NATO Warship ECDIS, and other Tactical Decision Aids. Battlespace visualization is changing, and NAVOCEANO intends to change as well to meet the needs of the 21(st) century warfighter. This paper outlines how NAVOCEANO will meet the challenge to modernize its tactical support by updating its production line. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Harrison, SP (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1033 EP 1037 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200161 ER PT B AU Gillard, D Heim, PK AF Gillard, D Heim, PK GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI US Navy progress in electronic navigation SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The United States Navy has made significant progress towards achieving its goal of equipping every U.S. Navy ship with a certified Electronic Chart Display and Information System - Navy (ECDIS-N) by the end of fiscal year 2004. There have been numerous technical challenges and other obstacles while transitioning from centuries of manually plotting and navigating using paper charts to navigating with electronic charts with automated functions and displays. Training and education continue to be essential elements to achieving success. The enhanced capabilities that electronic navigation systems bring to the fleet will enable the Navy to conduct operations more effectively, more efficiently and with increased margins of safety. The Navigator of the Navy Staff headed by RDML T. J. Wilson III (CNO N096) has coordinated this transformation with Chief of Naval Operations' resource sponsors, Naval Systems Commands, Navy Training Commands, Fleet Commanders, and individual ships' personnel. Overarching strategy and policy guidance has been provided to fleet units. The Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) issued the ECDIS-N Policy, system certification procedures, and guidance on Geospatial Information and Services (GI&S). Fleet CINCs and Type Commanders have provided guidance on crew training and unit level certification. The transformation to electronic navigation will take place in phases with several commercial and government systems currently in the fleet eventually migrating to a very few integrated systems. Migration to just a few electronic navigation systems is desirable in order to minimize costs associated with integrated logistics support that includes system maintenance and standardized fleet training. The Navigator of the Navy's vision (10+ years from now) is for naval forces to interoperate using a virtual, digital 4-dimensional (4-D) cube of the environment. The four dimensions being space (x,y,z) and time (t), with layers of additional relevant, data, information and knowledge imbedded within the cube. The cube will contain digital information such as timely and accurate positions of friendly-and enemy forces, threat envelopes of enemy radars and missile batteries, meteorology and oceanography data, etc. This 4-D cube will extend from the bottom of the ocean to the top of the atmosphere and will be available to all services (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines). Accurate positional GI&S information will be the foundation on which this 4-D Cube is based and will be critical to focused integration of forces for synergistic effects essential to the success of any Service, Joint, or Coalition exercise, mission or operation. The Navy is reliant on the National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) production of Digital Nautical Charts (DNCs(R)) in support of its goal to provide ECDIS-N certified systems to every commissioned U.S. Navy ship by 2004. NIMA has begun the process of conducting DNC Direct-Read certification on commercial and government electronic charting software, which is the first step for any system to become ECDIS-N certified. Whether on civilian or military surface ships, Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems rely extensively on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for positional input. Submarine ECDIS systems rely on inertial navigation systems for inputs with occasional inputs from GPS. However, since GPS may be jammed or potentially become unusable, reliable back-up navigational inputs (i.e., ship's position, course and speed) must be made available to the electronic charting system from some other reliable source. Inertial, Doppler, celestial, bathymetric, geophysical or some other source must be available to "drive" the system position. In addition, inputs such as visual bearings, radar bearing and ranges, celestial lines of position (LOPs) and fixes must be readily accepted by the system. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Gillard, D (reprint author), USN Observ, Bldg 1,3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1038 EP 1041 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200162 ER PT B AU Barton, RJ Jarvis, S Rowland, RJ Moretti, D AF Barton, RJ Jarvis, S Rowland, RJ Moretti, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The application of EZ-Gram sonar display aids to the marine mammal monitoring on navy undersea ranges (M3R) system SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In order to understand and address the environmental impact of sonar and acoustic systems testing, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) and its partners are developing new techniques and applications for the passive classification and tracking of marine mammals in designated Navy acoustic sensor testing areas. Ill The combined transient and broadband nature of the whale clicks contains a richly unique structure that can be exploited for completely non-evasive tracking and localization. NUWC has developed unique harmonic classification tools and other advanced visual tactical decision aids for the US Navy's latest sonar systems, designed to maximize operator performance and awareness of the undersea environment. In this paper, we will explore the use of harmonic frequency and temporal-patterned structures in the detection and tracking of whales on the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) acoustic range. We will demonstrate and report the results of the analysis of actual at-sea recorded blue whale vocalizations utilizing advanced sonar visualization and classification tools, and new tracking applications being developed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1064 EP 1070 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200167 ER PT B AU Shyu, HJ Hillson, R AF Shyu, HJ Hillson, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Integrating ocean acoustic propagation models and marine, mammal auditory models SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SHIFT; NOISE AB In responding to concerns about the potential impact of active sonar systems on marine mammals, the US Navy has initiated a research and development program to study the Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (EMSE). As part of the ESME effort, the Naval Research Laboratory is developing a workbench for integrating the diverse software modules under development by other ESME researchers. This workbench models the complete sound propagation path: from the source, through the medium, and to the biosensor system. It allows researchers to explore different scenarios for the interaction between sonar, the marine environment, and marine mammals. There are several issues in building such a workbench. First, the Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) data for marine mammals are very limited. Both behavioral and physiological models for estimating the TTS for marine mammals as a function of auditory exposure are still in their early stages of development. Second, developing an ocean acoustic propagation model that can produce accurate sound field estimations in shallow water environments is still a challenge. Third, collecting accurate oceanographic data such as sound speed profiles, sea floor properties, and bathymetric data is very expensive. The accuracy of oceanographic data directly affects the outcome of an ocean acoustics propagation model. As more and more experimental data are collected, the TTS estimation models for marine mammal auditory systems and the ocean acoustic propagation models will both improve. Furthermore, the Navy has an ongoing effort to collect more accurate oceanographic data. To build a software system that can incorporate software components subject to modification, the components should be modular. Modular components may be easily replaced by improved components provided that the interfaces are clearly defined and stable. This paper describes the current state of this software workbench development effort and discusses the issues involved in integrating different software models developed independently for modeling different phenomena. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shyu, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5580,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1078 EP 1084 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200169 ER PT B AU Brandon, DL Bourgeois, BS AF Brandon, DL Bourgeois, BS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI AutoSurvey: Current integration and the AutoSurvey planner SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper introduces AutoSurvey, an environmentally adaptive approach to hydrographic surveys, and explains how this new technology can benefit the industry. Also, the paper describes the platforms it has been tested on, and describes the current integration effort of AutoSurvey into NAVOCEANO's Integrated Survey System, ISS-60. The AutoSurvey Planner, a new project being developed to bring AutoSurvey functionality to survey planners, is introduced Results of various simulation runs are presented that demonstrate AutoSurvey's ability to dramatically reduce survey time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Brandon, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 1005 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1091 EP 1097 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200171 ER PT B AU Dykes, JD Hancock, TE AF Dykes, JD Hancock, TE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Brokering meteorological and oceanographic information in support of military operations using GIS technology SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In order to provide timely meteorological and oceanographic (METOC) support to military operations, it is advantageous to provide geospatially enabled information that can be integrated seamlessly into the infrastructure of decision-making tools used by the warfighter. This requires a new technology that can incorporate and transform many types of data into a uniform package of useful georeferenced information. The use of a geographic information system (GIS) is being recognized as the solution of choice to satisfy this requirement. Over the past few years the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) has led the way in the development of this cutting-edge technology. GIS methodology is particularly well suited for collecting, organizing, storing, analyzing, and distributing geological, oceanographic, meteorological, and even space data. As users at NAVOCEANO have come to recognize how GIS tools could vastly improve operations, certain capabilities for processing and distributing relevant METOC information have evolved. This paper describes certain applications of GIS technology that provide geospatial information to the customer, leading up to the use of ArcIMS, an Internet map server developed by the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). The overall goal at NAVOCEANO is to provide the warfighter with time-critical information of the environment relevant to the warfare area and pertinent to the mission. To this end, the ArcIMS, coupled with ArcSDE, the spatial data engine, provides an architecture that allows NAVOCEANO to broker between the vast and disparate resources of METOC data and the highly specific. military mission requirements. Portrayed in the paper is the history of operational support that lays the groundwork for GIS technology today at NAVOCEANO. Finally, described here is one of the latest functional prototypes of the ArcIMS set up at NAVOCEANO that provides a variety of METOC information layers tailored to certain requirements, initiated by a demonstration proposal for Fleet Battle Experiment - Juliet. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Dykes, JD (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1114 EP 1120 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200174 ER PT B AU Fell, P Tanenbaum, M AF Fell, P Tanenbaum, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Comparisons of national vertical and chart datums with WGS 84 (EGM96) geoid SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In 2001, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) initiated a project with the Naval Surface Warfare Center (i) to examine transformations from national vertical datums to the World Geodetic System 1984 and (ii) to address the potential for converting bathymetric depths from coastal hydrographic charts to WGS 84. This paper discusses findings obtained during the project. Systematic differences between various national vertical datums and WGS 84 were determined and modeled. These models enable elevations or orthometric heights to be transformed with a better "fit" between local vertical datums and the WGS 84 geoid. A concept for addressing hydrographic chart depth conversion based on GPS positioning of the chart datum (e.g., Mean Low Low Water) was also examined. Results along the southeastern United States coast are presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM fellpj@nswc.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1121 EP 1126 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200175 ER PT B AU Gehman, CL Kelly, GV AF Gehman, CL Kelly, GV GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Determining geological provinces in Mediterranean Sea sediment core samples using magnetic susceptibility of sapropels and volcanic ash SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Eight bottom sediment core samples from the Mediterranean Sea, which comprise a total of 136 subsamples, have been collected by the Naval Oceanographic Office and analyzed for their magnetic susceptibility (MS), grain size, and other physical properties. Six cores contain one or more sapropels, and cores 7 and 8 contain three unique sapropels. Six cores contain discrete volcanic ash layers. MS measurements, taken at a depth resolution of 3 cm, range from 66 to 227 SI units within the sapropel layers, whereas the average MS for the entire cores is over 450 SI units. Volcanic ash layers have MS measurements that range from 727 to 910 SI units. These values are probably consistent with the proportion of iron-bearing minerals contained within the respective layers. Anomalous MS values are not precisely aligned with the corresponding sedimentary deposit, possibly due to sensitivity issues with the MS loop. Modeling MS data allows identification of sapropels and volcanic ash layers and provides core-to-core correlation and provincing when combined with additional geophysical data. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Lab Serv Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gehman, CL (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Lab Serv Branch, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1134 EP 1138 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200177 ER PT B AU Wood, WT Gettrust, JF AF Wood, WT Gettrust, JF GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI New developments in deep-towed seismic acquisition SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB A unique multichannel seismic system, built and operated by the Naval Research Laboratory, allows broad band, high resolution investigations in the upper several hundred meters of deep-water sediment. The deep-towed, acoustic/geophysics system (DTAGS) described here eliminates these problems, making the system ideal for performing detailed geophysical investigations in shallow sediments of deep water. The DTAGS source is a Helmholtz resonator, and operates at a sound level of 200 dB (re 1 muPa at 1 m) over a frequency range of 220 to 1000 Hz, with a response that is largely independent of depth of operation, (0 to 6000 meters water depth). Each omni-directional hydrophone is very sensitive, exhibiting a self noise level of only 0.07 mubar RMS, and a total harmonic distortion of less than -90 dB. The received signal is locally digitized before telemetered to the topside acquisition computer, where it is monitored in real time and recorded in industry-standard SEGY format. In Summary, the DTAGS is a scaled down multichannel seismic system that exhibits about an order of magnitude better resolution, both vertically and laterally, than a conventional surface-towed, airgun, multichannel seismic system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Wood, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7432, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1139 EP 1142 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200178 ER PT B AU Harris, MM Avera, WE Bibee, LD AF Harris, MM Avera, WE Bibee, LD GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Tow vehicle depth verification SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB NRL demonstrated extraction of accurate single beam and multibeam bathymetry from a towed vehicle designed to locate mines in the water column. However, biases were encountered in measuring the static pressure depth of the moving vehicle. Water depth is calculated by simply adding tow vehicle depth, measured by a pressure sensor, to the multibeam ranges from the seafloor, measured acoustically from the vehicle. Comparisons of the tow vehicle bathymetry with ground truth showed a shallow bias in depth. The pressure sensor was suspected based on previous experience measuring multibeam bathymetry on the unmanned semi submersible ORCA. There were two contributing sources of error. The first was pressure sensor calibration, the sensor needs to be "zeroed" before entering the water. The second and more interesting was that the sensor was measuring variations in pressure caused from vehicle velocity in addition to changes in vehicle depth. The challenge is measuring static depth from a moving vehicle. The acoustic signal from the first water surface bounce was used to measure the bias and correct for pressure sensor error. This paper describes the sensors, data and techniques used to compensate for the depth bias. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Harris, MM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1199 EP 1202 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200189 ER PT B AU Depner, J Reed, B Byrne, S Parker, J Paton, M Gee, L Mayer, LA Ware, C AF Depner, J Reed, B Byrne, S Parker, J Paton, M Gee, L Mayer, LA Ware, C GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Dealing with increasing data volumes and decreasing resources SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) has recently updated its survey vessels and launches to include the latest generation of high-resolution multibeam and digital side-scan sonar systems, along with state-of-the art ancillary sensors. This has resulted in NAVOCEANO possessing a tremendous ocean observing and mapping capability. However, these systems produce massive amounts of data that must be validated prior to inclusion in various bathymetry, hydrography, and imagery products. It is estimated that the amount of data to be processed will increase by an overwhelming 2000 times above present data quantities. NAVOCEANO is meeting this challenge on a number of fronts that include a series of hardware and software improvements. The key to meeting the challenge of the massive data volumes was to change the approach that required every data point to be viewed and validated. This was achieved with the replacement of the traditional line-by-fine editing approach with an automated cleaning module, and an area-based editor (ABE) integrated with existing commercial off-the-shelf processing and visualization packages. NAVOCEANO has entered into two Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) - one with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Newport, RI, USA, and the other with Interactive Visualization Systems (IVS), Fredericton, N.B., Canada, to integrate the ABE with SAIC's SABER product and IVS's Fledermaus 3D visualization product. This paper will present an overview of the new approach and data results and metrics of the effort required to process data, including editing, quality control, and product generation for multibeam data utilizing targets from digital imagery data and automated techniques. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Depner, J (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1212 EP 1222 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200191 ER PT B AU van Norden, MF Ebrite, S Cronin, DJ Ventura, D AF van Norden, MF Ebrite, S Cronin, DJ Ventura, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Lessons learned in multi-platform hydrographic surveys SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The United States Navy stands at the brink of transition from traditional navigation with paper charts to computer-based electronic charting. The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), collector of worldwide hydrographic data for 172 years, is posturing to support this transition with state-of-the-art survey platforms, instrumentation, and processing and chart production software. Recently, NAVOCEANO, in cooperation with the National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOS/NOAA), completed hydrographic surveys in the U.S. Pacific territories of Guam and Saipan in support of urgent Navy operational requirements. Data collection was conducted by the new multipurpose survey ship USNS SUMNER, a new independent rapidly deployable survey team called the Fleet Survey Team (FST), and the Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS). Each survey system brought unique capabilities to the toolbox of surveying assets. Each survey system also brought unique perils to the data validator and chart compiler with system errors that first had to be recognized, then the causes determined, and then solutions found. It was indeed fortunate that these three different collection systems were able to work the same survey area, allowing comparison of three different data sets and the discovery of potential systemic errors. Following a very thorough investigation, data from all three systems were corrected and then used for the production of both a paper nautical chart and the Digital Nautical Chart (DNC) library. This new nautical chart information was provided to NOAA and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) for general distribution to both the public and the Fleet. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP van Norden, MF (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1223 EP 1230 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200192 ER PT B AU Hasenkampf, DF Lever, JA Martin, NA Newman, H AF Hasenkampf, DF Lever, JA Martin, NA Newman, H GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Implementation of an upgrade to the Naval Oceanographic Office information technology enterprise SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) is a Naval activity whose primary purpose is the collection and processing of data relating to the physical properties of the Earth's oceans. Inherent in this mission is a requirement to collect, store, process, and archive massive quantities of data. The Office has mission applications in numerous scientific disciplines including hydrography, bathymetry, physical oceanography, acoustics, and geophysics. NAVOCEANO employs eight oceanographic survey vessels to support this mission, including the current-generation T-AGS 60 multidisciplinary platforms. Also, the Office obtains oceanographic data from airborne data collection, drifting buoys, and remote sensing. NAVOCEANO participates in international cooperative survey agreements with foreign countries, providing an additional valuable data source. The net effect is a voluminous growth in data to be processed, stored, and archived. The requirement to move in-process data files in the range of hundreds of gigabytes between workstations and servers has taxed the capabilities of the NAVOCEANO Local Area Network to its limit. This paper describes the restructuring of the NAVOCEANO information technology enterprise to meet the growth challenges that began in the late 1990s and are expected to continue over the next several years. A fundamentally different architecture is described that meets the processing and data storage/movement needs of the typical NAVOCEANO user, while reducing the strain on the NAVOCEANO backbone. In particular, the definition and implementation of a Storage Area Network (SAN) is discussed, and the way that the implementation of SAN meets the increasing requirements is demonstrated. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Hasenkampf, DF (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1247 EP 1252 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200195 ER PT B AU Grembowicz, KP Howell, BS AF Grembowicz, KP Howell, BS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Quality control of ocean temperature and salinity profile data SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The objective of data quality control (QC) is to ensure consistency within a single data set or throughout a historical database. This is a vital step to be taken with any data set before scientific analysis can proceed. A redesign of data quality procedures for temperature and salinity profile data undertaken by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) during the past year has resulted in new data validation standards and procedures. New data QC and editing software has been developed and is being applied to all new and archived shipboard and aircraft temperature and salinity profile data collected or held by NAVOCEANO. The initial QC effort (Level 1 effort) is in progress. Level 1 effort is an assessment of the approximately 8 million profiles held in the NAVOCEANO archives for outlying and invalid profiles by comparisons of profiles from relevant environments. The subsequent Level 2 effort entails more detailed investigations and further analyses for editing the previously flagged profiles. The MATLAB-based data edit programs use Master Oceanographic Observation Data Set (MOODS) 2000, a revised internal standard data file format, which will ease the use and exchange of data. The new file structure also stores numerous data quality flags and histories of corrections for incorrect or missing metadata, deviations from climatological statistics, and profile data quality. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Grembowicz, KP (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1253 EP 1257 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200196 ER PT B AU Brown, WE Barlett, ML Dicus, RL AF Brown, WE Barlett, ML Dicus, RL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Impact of windowing and subsampling algorithms on acoustic scattering strength databases SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper describes the results of a study of potential artifacts in seafloor acoustic scattering strength databases through algorithmic pathologies. Specifically, several methods of "windowing" and subsampling time-series reverberation data for the estimation of statistical parameters and the resulting georeferenced scattering strength database are evaluated. Data for this study were collected using an AN/SQS-53C sonar system and processed with the Sonar Active Acoustic Boundary Loss Estimation (SABLE) [1] system. Traditional methods of estimating scattering strength employ overlapping, fixed-length, periodic, windows (block processing) of the time series from which estimators of energy and other parameters are computed. In scientific experiments with limited objectives, viz., the calculation of a single parameter such as scattering strength at a specific location, computational efficiency, and the size of data sets are not important concerns. When objectives are to compute super-resolution multipurpose databases over large geographic areas, then computational efficiency, data rates, and the size of the resulting database are important issues. In this study, a number of georeferenced scattering strength databases were created from the same data using different windowing and subsampling schemes. Two nontraditional methods used sampling based on a combination of thresholding and grouping of samples in time. The third, more traditional method, uses overlapping window sampling. An analysis of scattering strength deduced from databases obtained using 11 different sampling parameterizations is reported in this paper. The approach compares the algorithms on a pair-wise basis in terms of estimated bottom scatter strength. The comparison includes the scatter strength estimate and a measure of its statistical reliability. Reverberation time series from the SQS-53C sonar were processed with several windowing and subsampling methods and sorted into georeferenced grid cells. The standard deviation of scatter strength was computed for each geocell, and those with standard deviation greater than 8 dB were removed from the analysis. An ensemble of cell-to-cell scatter strength differences was defined for each pair of algorithms. For each ensemble a mean difference, root-mean-square differences, and an estimation error were computed. These results were displayed in a two-dimensional pseudo-color matrix. The mean scatter strength over all geocells was computed for each database. The mean differences between the various sampling methods were all within 2 dB. The nontraditional algorithms produce smaller databases than did block processing. For example, with a threshold of 8 dB, the database size was 23 MB compared to 134 MB for periodic window processing with a window size half the transmitted pulse length and with 50-percent overlap. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Brown, WE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1258 EP 1263 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200197 ER PT B AU Ladner, R Petry, F AF Ladner, R Petry, F GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Knowledge discovery in oceanographic databases: Issues of complications in data sources SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Data mining or knowledge discovery refers to a variety of techniques having the intent of uncovering useful patterns and associations from large databases. We have been working with data mining techniques for a variety of oceanographic data and have encountered a number of troublesome issues relative to available data. We describe the steps preparatory to data mining and three data mining techniques that we have applied to spatio-temporal data. We include a detailed review of various sources of geospatial, oceanographic and meteorological data and associated issues inherent in their use in knowledge discovery. We also provide issues relevant to the difficulties in providing an overall integration of this heterogeneous data for knowledge discovery. C1 USN, Res Lab, Digital Mapping Charting & Geodesy Anal Program, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Digital Mapping Charting & Geodesy Anal Program, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1264 EP 1270 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200198 ER PT B AU Moseley, J AF Moseley, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Improving software engineering processes to support operational oceanography SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper presents a plan to improve software engineering processes based on the Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model. The perspective is from an organization that performs information processing of oceanographic data. The objective of the plan is to create software quality that is repeatable. Special emphasis is given to key process areas that must be addressed and how these areas relate to the production processes of operational oceanography products. Oceanographic organizations that pursue improvements to software engineering processes may realize significant increases in the quality of their software and, as a result, the information and products that their software produces. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Off Chief Informat Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Moseley, J (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Off Chief Informat Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1271 EP 1274 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200199 ER PT B AU Harrison, PS Thompson, B Jarrett, M AF Harrison, PS Thompson, B Jarrett, M GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Leveraging oceanographic resources in teacher and student science programs SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In the past decade, it has become apparent that the United States depends upon a workforce with strong science and mathematical skills, as well as the ability to apply these skills to emerging technologies. Because deficiencies exist in these areas, reform in math and science education in the United States has gained increased focus and led to the establishment of the National Education Goals (United States Code Title 1. Section 102. National Education Goals). Goal No. 5 states, "United States students will be first in the world in mathematics and science achievement." With this goal in mind, the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) established a new educational initiative called OCEANS ALIVE (Oceanographic Career Enhancement And Naval Science: Adventurous Learning In Variable Environments). The mission of OCEANS ALIVE is to inform and interest middle and high school students and teachers in operational Naval oceanography. During a three-day voyage aboard a state-of-the-art oceanographic survey ship, students learn practical applications of math and science principles and also become aware of career opportunities in the multidisciplined field of oceanography. OCEANS ALIVE provides a combination of lectures and hands-on learning experiences aboard ship to show students that math and science skills are needed to think creatively, make decisions, and solve problems. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Harrison, PS (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1339 EP 1342 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191832 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200209 ER PT B AU Newcomb, J Fisher, R Field, R Rayborn, G Kuczaj, S Ioup, G Ioup, J Turgut, A AF Newcomb, J Fisher, R Field, R Rayborn, G Kuczaj, S Ioup, G Ioup, J Turgut, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Measurements of ambient noise and sperm whale vocalizations in the northern Gulf of Mexico using near bottom hydrophones SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID CLICKS; TIME AB The Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC) consisting of the University of Southern Mississippi (USM), the University of New Orleans (UNO), and the Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center (NRL-SSC), with guidance and technical assistance from the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), was formed to do ambient noise and marine mammal acoustic measurement and analysis. Three Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) buoys, designed and produced by NAVOCEANO, were deployed by LADC in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) in the summer of 2001. These bottom-moored omni-directional hydrophone recording systems were modified by NAVOCEANO to sample to almost 12 kHz, so that the vocalizations of sperm whales could be recorded. The Sperm Whale Acoustic Monitoring Program (SWAMP) was conducted during that summer by the Minerals Management Service and its collaborators. The EARS buoys recorded during the entire 36 days of SWAMP from 17 July through 21 August. The EARS buoy hydrophones, 50m above the bottom, were placed on a downslope line, ending at the largest concentration of sperm whale sightings in the northern GoM, in 600m, 800m, and 1000m water depths. The moorings were instrumented with self-recording environmental sensors to obtain time series data of temperature, conductivity, and pressure at specified depths spanning the water column. Four cruises were made to deploy and recover the buoys and to collect a suite of enviromnental measurements, including CTD and XBT casts and a chirp sonar survey for bottom properties to support propagation modeling. In between the first and second cruises, Tropical Storm Barry moved through the area and changes in the oceanographic properties were observed. Each EARS buoy recorded a bandwidth of 5859 Hz for 36 days. These data clearly reveal sperm whale vocalizations, passing ships, and seismic airguns. Marine mammal vocalizations and airgun signatures have been isolated and are being analyzed. Spectral levels for ten minute averages of ambient noise on four different days show moderate shipping levels except during the passage of the tropical storm. A plateau in the noise spectrum from 200 to 1000Hz during the storm passage is probably due to bubbles and spray from surface agitation and breaking waves. Elevated noise levels above 1000Hz on one day are due to the presence of sperm whales. Spectrograms show sperm whale clicks and creaks and the seismic airgun signal very clearly. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Newcomb, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1365 EP 1371 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191837 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200214 ER PT B AU DelBalzo, DR Hemsteter, KP Rike, ER Wagstaff, MD Leclere, JH AF DelBalzo, DR Hemsteter, KP Rike, ER Wagstaff, MD Leclere, JH GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Environmental effects on MCM tactics planning SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB A successful anti-submarine warfare search planning tool, the Genetic Range-dependent Algorithm for Search Planning (GRASP), is adapted and evaluated for the purpose of planning near-optimal reconnaissance plans for the mine counter-measures community. High-fidelity range- and azimuth-dependent sonar performance predictions over a high-resolution grid are ingested by a genetic algorithm, which uses Monte-Carlo simulation and Bayesian detection statistics, to evaluate and refine proposed search paths against a given target distribution.. In essence, GRASP simulates a Darwinian evolution of reconnaissance paths to obtain the statistically best path based on Cumulative Detection Probability (CDP). In previous proof-of-concept work, GRASP provided a ladder-like solution in an environment where such solution was expected by search theory. Further, as the environment was perturbed slightly Oust outside the bounds for which search theory can determine the optimal path), GRASP produced a path that was a variant on, and an improvement over, the intuitively expected path. In the present work, the efficiencies of acoustically blind and acoustically sensitive mine clearance strategies are compared in a real environment. The GRASP results reveal improvement in search coverage obtained by exploiting the environment with respect to sonar performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP DelBalzo, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1394 EP 1399 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191841 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200218 ER PT B AU Tubridy, L AF Tubridy, L GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Tactical oceanography in mine countermeasures SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB A successful power projection campaign may require operations through littoral defenses, including mines. Mines are the most prolific weapons available to other nations intent on inhibiting US Naval forces ability to project power from the sea. Therefore, mine countermeasures (MCM) is integral to the overall power projection campaign. Countering the mine threat is critical to naval forces ability to effectively shape and dominate the battlespace. Future operations will require rapid transit through the littoral regions. The success and effectiveness of any naval operation depends on the capabilities of the equipment, the environment, and detailed knowledge of the threat. New capabilities need to be developed to use the environment to a tactical advantage. This paper describes how the environment is being used and should be used in support of MCM in the littoral regions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Tubridy, L (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1400 EP 1406 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191842 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200219 ER PT B AU Rike, ER DelBalzo, DR AF Rike, ER DelBalzo, DR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Environmentally sensitive sparse gridding for efficient transmission loss calculations SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Many tactical decision aids available to the Navy require acoustic sensor performance predictions over large ocean areas. Unfortunately, accurate computation of such acoustic fields requires significant computation time, which often renders the advanced technology tactically useless. The use of low-density uniform grids usually leads to unacceptable field uncertainty. Attempts to optimize grid density by analyzing the environment prior to acoustic calculation have made only modest gains, but tactical needs dictate an order of magnitude reduction. Further, in many cases the relations between the desired accuracy, the choice of propagation model input parameters, and the required computation times are simply unknown. In this work, an iterative procedure is described to objectively determine a sparse, non-uniform grid that will maximize transmission loss accuracy as a function of computation time. The premise is that the physical environmental complexity controls the need for dense sampling in space and azimuth, and that the transmission loss curves already calculated for nearby coordinates on previous iterations can be used to predict that complexity. Although the grid grows unevenly, it is built around bookkeeping schemes commonly used for interpolation, so rapidly transforming the sparse grid to a uniform grid is always easy. Benchmarking against uniform grids shows that the total sparse grid field uncertainty is equal to or significantly lower than the uncertainty of uniform grids requiring similar computation time, and the method requires no a priori knowledge of the environment. Each iteration produces an acoustic field for the entire area of interest with ever-increasing accuracy, so the process can, in principle, be terminated whenever the gain in accuracy is overshadowed by the danger of further delay. Both a synthetic and a real-world case are presented. As expected, the required density of acoustic calculations is lower in deep, homogeneous water than in shallow, littoral areas. The relation between required grid/radial selection and properties of the environment is shown. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Rike, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1422 EP 1429 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191846 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200223 ER PT B AU George, J Field, RL AF George, J Field, RL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A resonance explanation of mode coupling in SWARM data SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID SHALLOW-WATER; INTERNAL WAVES; VARIABILITY; PROPAGATION; OCEAN AB The 1995 SWARM experiment off the coast of New Jersey acquired detailed range-dependent sound speed profile data along the acoustic path. In parabolic equation model simulations in this environment for a 1000 Hz source at 50 m depth, energy transfer to a patch above the thermocline was discovered; the transfer was special to that frequency. To identify the mechanism that caused this phenomenon, Fourier analysis of spatial (range) variation of sound speeds was performed. The results were analyzed using Zhou, Zhang, and Rogers' well-known formula [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 2042-2054 (1991)]. The analysis has shown that internal wave structure over the 17 to 22 km range is responsible for energy transfer from lower to higher modes. Mode 17 is the lowest mode that has its amplitude peak above the thermocline, and it peaks at the location of the patch. Energy transfers to modes 6, 7, and 17 have been identified with the use of the formula. [Work supported by ONR (PE-62435N), administered by NRL]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP George, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7185, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1444 EP 1448 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191850 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200227 ER PT B AU Chandler, HA Alphonso, KJ AF Chandler, HA Alphonso, KJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI GRASP: An object-oriented approach to sonar performance modeling and tactical ASW search planning SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Genetic Range-dependent Algorithm for Search Planning (GRASP), developed by the Naval Research Laboratory, is a software tool developed to objectively determine near-optimal tactics for the detection of submerged and moving targets from a moving sonar sensor. Early prototypes of GRASP were developed to exploit high-resolution acoustic modeling of inhomogeneous environments, in order to predict sonar system performance. At it's core, GRASP uses the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine the optimal search tactic (e.g., tracks, depths, modes, etc.) for a sensor that maximizes a user-selected measure-of-effectiveness against a hypothesized threat distribution. This paper describes the integration of GRASP, with the Mission Planning System (MPS), developed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center. MPS is a developmental Tactical Decision Aid and for the purpose of this discussion provides a graphical user interface through which GRASP's capabilities may be accessed. This amalgamation, called the ASW Mission Planning Tool (AMPT) is a web-centric, client/server system, designed to address an entirely new set of requirements. The result is a fully integrated, completely automated, flexible, reconfigurable, deployable, and scalable system that seamlessly performs oceanographic database extraction, sonar performance modeling, and optimal ASW search planning. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Chandler, HA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, NRL Code 7183, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1449 EP 1454 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191851 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200228 ER PT B AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Finite volume ocean circulation model SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID COMPACT DIFFERENCE SCHEME; COORDINATE AB A three dimensional finite volume ocean circulation model with a free surface is presented. The basic equations are transformed from differential into integral forms using the hydrostatic and anelastic approximations. The integral equations are solved for finite volumes (rather than grid points) with the flux conservation easily enforced even on arbitrarily meshes. Moreover, this model can easily incorporate the upwind scheme to increase the computational stability and the high-order combine compact schemes to enhance the accuracy. For abrupt topography, a crystal grid discretization is designed to reduce computational errors such that the four lateral boundaries of each finite volume are perpendicular to x and y axes, and the two vertical boundaries are not purely horizontal. This grid system reveals a superior feature than z- and sigma coordinate systems. The accuracy of this model was tested by the standard seamount test case. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1455 EP 1462 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191852 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200229 ER PT B AU Barron, CN Smedstad, LF AF Barron, CN Smedstad, LF GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Global river inflow within the Navy Coastal Ocean Model SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB One of the primary concerns driving the development of U.S. Navy global models has been improved performance and nesting support in shelf and nearshore regions with short notice applicability anywhere on the globe. A global implementation of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) is a product of some of the efforts to meet this need. One purpose of Global NCOM is providing a global capability for initializing, nesting, and evaluating fixed and relocatable coastal ocean models. In support of that objective, a database of river flow estimates is needed. Perry et al. (1996) provides a start with estimates of annual mean river discharges for 981 of the largest global rivers. However, many rivers exhibit a strong seasonal variability, which we would like to reflect in our ocean models. Through the use of multiple internet sources and published data sets we have expanded on the Perry (1996) data to provide a global database of monthly mean river discharge and incorporated this data in global and nested NCOM runs. Where sufficient data is unavailable to construct monthly means, a seasonal cycle is imputed from nearby rivers and scaled to the appropriate annual mean. Real time discharge rates are routinely available for almost no rivers outside of the United States, so a monthly mean is likely to be the most appropriate estimate of real time flow for analyses and forecasts in most areas. The monthly river outflow can contribute to more accurate seasonal representation of areas near coastlines. Seasonality particularly affects the polar areas, where river outflow can become quite small during winter months and quite large during the summer melting season. Multiannual daily USGS observations for selected U.S. rivers are used to quantify the improvement in estimation of daily flow by the monthly means versus a multiannual mean. Case studies examine the impact of river input into NCOM. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Barron, CN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1472 EP 1479 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191855 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200232 ER PT B AU Blain, CA Edwards, CR AF Blain, CA Edwards, CR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Development of a forecast capability for coastal embayments of the Mississippi Sound SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The present work focuses on results from the second phase of development of a forecast system for coastal circulation in the Mississippi Sound and surrounding embayments in the northeast Gulf of Mexico. The basis of the forecast system is the 3-D finite element model, ADCIRC, driven by tides, river inflow, and wind. Sensitivity of the forecast model to wind stress and offshore boundary forcing is demonstrated. Limited area domain models of Bay St. Louis and the Pearl River highlight the influence of seasonal river flux. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Blain, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1501 EP 1508 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191859 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200236 ER PT B AU Burnett, WH Kamenkovich, VM AF Burnett, WH Kamenkovich, VM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI On the splitting of main currents in the Indonesian Seas SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID CIRCULATION; THROUGHFLOW; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB A regional baroclinic model of the Indonesian Seas circulation, based on the Princeton Ocean Model, has been developed. Fifteen levels in the vertical are chosen to resolve the vertical structure of the circulation. The horizontal resolution of about 10km provides a sufficiently accurate description of the bottom topography in the area. Three open boundary ports were introduced to simulate the Mindanao Current inflow into the region; the North Equatorial Counter Current outflow to the Pacific; and the resultant outflow to the Indian Ocean. The results of barotropic experiments show that the splitting of simulated currents between the Lombok Strait and the Flores Sea, and between the Makassar Strait and the Malucca Sea, differ substantially from the splitting schematics based on observations. The analysis of baroclinic experiments is presented to reveal the influence of baroclinicity on the structure of splitting patterns. C1 USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Burnett, WH (reprint author), USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, 1100 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1522 EP 1525 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191862 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200239 ER PT B AU Taylor, JS Davis, PS Wolff, LB AF Taylor, JS Davis, PS Wolff, LB GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Underwater partial polarization signatures from the SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP) SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Research has shown that naturally occurring light outdoors and underwater is partially linearly polarized. The polarized components can be combined to form an image that describes the polarization of the light in the scene. This image is known as the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) image or partial polarization image. These naturally occurring polarization signatures can provide a diver or an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) with more information to detect, classify, and identify threats such as obstacles and/or mines in the shallow water environment. The SHallow water Real-time IMaging Polarimeter (SHRIMP), recently developed under sponsorship of Dr. Tom Swean at the Office of Naval Research (Code 321OE), can measure underwater partial polarization imagery. This sensor is a passive, three-channel device that simultaneously measures the three components of the Stokes vector needed to determine the partial linear polarization of the scene. The testing of this sensor has been completed and the data has been analyzed. This paper presents performance results from the field-testing and quantifies the gain provided by the partial polarization signature of targets in the Very Shallow Water (VSW) and Surf Zone (SZ) regions. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Taylor, JS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, 6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1526 EP 1534 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191863 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200240 ER PT B AU Nevis, A Bryan, J Taylor, JS Cordes, B AF Nevis, A Bryan, J Taylor, JS Cordes, B GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A baseline object detection algorithm using background anomalies for electro-optic identification sensors SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Electro-optic identification sensors provide photographic quality that can be used to identify mine-like contacts provided by long-range sensors, such as sonar systems. Computer aided identification and automatic target recognition algorithms have been funded by the Office of Naval Research (322-OP) to help operators in the identification process. Under this funding, a new background anomaly approach was introduced([1]) for object detection using a least squares error (LSE) background best fit searching for anomalies of certain specified size and shape (and SNR) that stick out from the local background. This initial approach has been refined into a baseline algorithm. An overview of this baseline algorithm will be presented in this paper, with an emphasis on modifications from the initial approach. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Ctr Coastal Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Nevis, A (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Ctr Coastal Stn, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1546 EP 1554 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191866 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200243 ER PT B AU Bennett, TJ Shank, MK AF Bennett, TJ Shank, MK GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A proposal for a national virtual ocean center SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The President's Commission on Ocean Policy has the charter to conduct the most comprehensive review of national ocean policy since the Stratton Commission of the 1960s. The Commission seeks to identify the top-priority ocean issues (i.e., establish the national ocean agenda) and recommend the optimal organizational and technical infrastructure to accomplish the agenda. The ocean forecasting community has a loosely coupled mix of government agencies, the commercial sector, and academia. This proposal for operational oceanography builds on that model. Government provides the computing and communications infrastructure, standards for quality and data communication, and a suite of baseline computing-intensive products. Individual government agencies provide ocean products. These agencies retain their identity in the National Virtual Ocean Center (NVOC). A National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP)-like council coordinates across agencies to ensure that cross-disciplinary, cross-agency issues are addressed. Partnerships are the social infrastructure for cross-agency collaboration. A technical infrastructure for distributed collaboration enables geographically dispersed groups to work together as though they are collocated. The infrastructure also provides seamless and transparent access to computing resources and data. Development of a vigorous commercial sector for the generation of products and their distribution is a priority. The government also facilitates the development and evaluation of ocean forecast systems by researchers from all the sectors by establishing test domains. The results of NVOC will be cross-agency leverage of resources toward multidisciplinary ocean issues and a competitive commercial sector for the innovative generation and distribution of products. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Bennett, TJ (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1659 EP 1664 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191883 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200260 ER PT B AU Bivens, JR Geiger, ML Bird, JL AF Bivens, JR Geiger, ML Bird, JL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Interpreting bathyphotometer signals SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This study will look at the digital signal obtained from various bathyphotometers employing either photomultiplier tube (PMT) or photodiode detectors. The U.S. Navy standard for measuring vertical distributions of bioluminescence is the High Intake Defined EXcitation ( bathyphotometer. Bioluminescence signals of the various bathyphotometers will be investigated based on response as compared to HIDEX-2. In recent years, advances in optical instrumentation have led to the development of more compact and more accurate photo-detectors. This has obvious implications in the measurement of bioluminescence, and it is important to ask whether these technologies will increase the capabilities of bathyphotometers. A well-designed bathyphotometer not only will consist of an accurate photodetector but also will take into account issues of temporal and spatial variability of the bioluminescent phenomenon. This is best accomplished by optimizing flow rate in relation to chamber volume while providing adequate stimulation to the organisms. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Bivens, JR (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1705 EP 1710 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191890 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200267 ER PT B AU McDuffey, A Bird, JL AF McDuffey, A Bird, JL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The Underway Survey System at the Naval Oceanographic Office SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In this presentation, we will describe the design and development of the Underway Survey System (USS) and the BIOLITE photometer. The Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO's) T-AGS 60 class ships permanently mount a USS that incorporates a bioluminescence photometer (BIOLITE). The USS is designed with simplicity in mind. It requires minimal user interactions, and its modular design allows the easy incorporation of additional sensors as needed. The USS collects data continuously while the survey vessel is underway. NAVOCEANO has been using bioluminescence photometers since 1975. The first versions were used as "Roll On/Roll Off" instruments. In 1993, BIOLITE photometers were mounted on the survey vessels for several months as an early version of the USS. In 1997, NAVOCEANO began permanently mounting the USS on the T-AGS 60 class ships. Eventually, all T-AGS 60 class ships will incorporate the USS as part of their survey capability. The BIOLITE photometer measures light produced as plankton bioluminesce. The BIOLITE photometer has four photomultiptier tubes that measure the light produced within a 49-milliliter sample chamber. The photometer utilizes turbulence within the sample chamber to stimulate bioluminescence. The USS also measures temperature, salinity, fluorescence, and flow rates. The data are recorded, and at the end of a survey, the data are returned to NAVOCEANO for processing, databasing, and product generation. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP McDuffey, A (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1722 EP 1725 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191893 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200270 ER PT B AU Gent, AE AF Gent, AE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI T-AGS 60 class Oceanographic survey ships: Evolution of the hydrographic mission SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB In 1989 the Oceanographer of the Navy approved the construction of a new class of multimission oceanographic survey ship for the Naval Oceanographic Office, the T-AGS 60 class. The initial focus of the survey mission was primarily blue water oceanography. In the intervening years mission focus has shifted toward the littoral. This paper presents the original class mission capability and discusses the mission evolution to the littoral and the incorporation of a hydrographic survey capability that meets International Hydrographic Organization requirements. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gent, AE (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1780 EP 1783 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191903 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200280 ER PT B AU Lin, WQ Hwang, PA Wang, D AF Lin, WQ Hwang, PA Wang, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Statistics of small-scale ocean wave groups SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Statistics of small-scale (short capillary-gravity) ocean wave groups are studied with in-situ data and group-induced long wave theory. The analyzed data show a close relationship between mean length of runs, average time duration and significant wave slope of a random wave field. They both tend to decrease as wave slopes increase. Group statistics can be described by group-induced long waves and agree with data well. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lin, WQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1825 EP 1831 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191910 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200287 ER PT B AU Christoff, JT Fernandez, JE Cook, DA AF Christoff, JT Fernandez, JE Cook, DA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Unmanned underwater vehicle broadband synthetic aperture sonar SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The experimental synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) in use at the US Navy Coastal Systems Station (CSS) in Panama City, FL was first fielded in 1996. Since then, the system has proved itself to be a reliable high-quality sensor. The original configuration provides for simultaneous imaging at two frequency bands: one centered at 20 kHz (10 kHz bandwidth) and the other at 180 kHz (30 kHz bandwidth). The CSS SAS has recently been upgraded with the addition of a new broadband low-frequency transmitter capable of producing a linear FM chirp from 8-55 kHz. This paper discusses the details of the system upgrade and sonic of the signal processing opportunities afforded by it. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Div, Dalhgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Christoff, JT (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Div, Dalhgren Div, 6703 W Hwy 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1871 EP 1877 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191916 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200293 ER PT B AU Cray, BA AF Cray, BA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Directional point receivers: The sound and the theory SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB An acoustic vector sensor is described as a directional receiver that measures pressure (p) and all three components of acoustic particle velocity (u, v, w) at a collocated point. Another device, a dyadic sensor, measures, in addition to acoustic pressure and the particle velocity vector, the gradients of acoustic particle velocity (the sum of the pure spatial derivatives of the velocity components being proportional to instantaneous density). Directional receivers provide a means to detect and localize acoustic sources. In an array configuration, directional elements can be used to eliminate discrete noise sources or to provide an equivalent acoustic baffle. A simple formulation is given to describe the directivity of multi-order directional receivers; and it is shown that, in theory, a single point sensor can be highly directive. In practice, however, additional self-noise mechanisms will likely limit the capabilities of directional sensors. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02891 USA. RP Cray, BA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02891 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1903 EP 1905 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2002.1191920 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200297 ER PT B AU Gathof, JM Bassich, JB AF Gathof, JM Bassich, JB GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Developing an infrastructure for the naval oceanographic office survey operations center SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) operates a fleet of eight multidisciplinary survey ships deployed throughout the world dedicated to collecting hydrographic and oceanographic data. Leveraging commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) communication, network, enterprise management, and system integration technologies, NAVOCEANO developed a Survey Operations Center (SOC) focused on the continuous improvement of survey quality and reduction of the time required to deliver products to clients. The COTS components include rsync as a file replication system, IBM MQSeries as a real-time message bus, and Computer Associates Unicenter as an enterprise management system. In addition, Perl is used as an integration language, and various web/visualization and database technologies are incorporated into the design. The SOC infrastructure was initially developed to support a continuous asymmetrical high bandwidth (2.048-Mbit ship to shore/384-Kbit shore to ship). It was subsequently adapted to support dial-up symmetrical low bandwidth (64-Kbit) communication links. This paper presents a technical overview of the SOC infrastructure to be implemented into the operational environment in 2002. It concentrates on the COTS technologies that were assembled into a unified system, how the system was connected to the existing ship data acquisition systems, and information transport mechanisms. It also covers the use of enterprise management, network management tools, and Web and other technologies to make the information available to the scientists throughout NAVOCEANO. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Gathof, JM (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1935 EP 1940 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200303 ER PT B AU Antonelli, L Fletcher, B AF Antonelli, L Fletcher, B GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Experimental investigation of optical, remote, aerial sonar SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Detecting underwater objects such as debris fields, submarines or mines for littoral area clearance, while in the air, would increase the autonomy and flexibility of subsurface, surface and air vehicles engaged in undersea warfare and could have a variety of commercial and oceanographic applications. Experimental research into a laser-based active sonar concept is being conducted for remote, aerial detection of submerged objects and for sonar mapping of an undersea area. An airborne high-energy, pulsed laser is used to remotely generate underwater acoustic energy. The acoustic waves propagate through the water and are reflected from underwater objects. The acoustic signals are then detected as they reach the water surface using a low-powered laser interferometer device. An array of surface detections of the acoustic field reflected from the underwater objects will then be analyzed using traditional time-delay beamforming techniques to locate underwater objects. The combination of these optical technologies provides a means for stealthy, remote, active as well as passive sonar that does not currently exist. Results are presented from a controlled laboratory test using commercial laser devices, which demonstrate the feasibility of the sonar concept for remotely searching for underwater objects. This paper outlines the aerial sonar concept and provides the initial experimental results of the underwater object illumination, detection and localization. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Antonelli, L (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1949 EP 1955 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200306 ER PT B AU Bledsoe, M Enriquez, K AF Bledsoe, M Enriquez, K GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Satellite analysis and geographic exploitation tool SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Warfighting Support Center Regional Analysis Division of the Naval Oceanographic Office supports its customer, the warfighter, by generating map and text products that exploit remotely sensed data for information in the littoral zone. The Satellite Analysis and Geographic Exploitation (SAGE) database and tools were developed to enable imagery analysts to extract, store, and manipulate image-derived features in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The application links Earth Resources Data Analysis Systems Imagine, the primary imagery analysis software used in the department, with an Environmental Systems Research Institute Librarian database. SAGE enables the imagery analyst to extract previously stored features from the database and overlay them on more recent imagery for a one-to-one comparison. Traditionally, oceanographic features, including hazards like wrecks and fish traps, have been annotated on imagery projects, but have not been stored in a manner conducive to further analysis. With the implementation of SAGE, analysts are now able to access historical image-derived features within a few minutes and, consequently, are better equipped to provide in-depth analysis to the warfighter. During the development of SAGE, a methodology was set up to identify and define attributes for each feature type. When possible, GIS attribute standards were implemented so features could be shared between different branches of the Office, as wen as the Department of Defense (DoD) community. Attributes, such as image date, image type, and other image and text-derived information, enable these features to be of greater use to the analyst and future customers. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Bledsoe, M (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1994 EP 1998 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200313 ER PT B AU Matulewski, KV AF Matulewski, KV GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Near-real-time processing of ocean color data for naval fleet support - Recent and future improvements. SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) has continued to develop new capabilities in the area of near-real-time synoptic ocean observation. In the last year, the Navy has developed the ability to acquire and process near-real-time ocean color data. This has made possible the generation of satellite optical products that can be used for Naval fleet support. In this paper, we will present recent and near-future improvements in the areas of new data types, new products and product algorithms, atmospheric corrections, sensor calibrations, cloud masking techniques, validation issues, and timeliness of the data. We will also present the evolving method that NAVOCEANO is utilizing to acquire and process ocean color data. Present optical products available for Naval. fleet support include diver visibility for fleet and diver guidance, attenuation fields for laser systems performance assessment, and turbidity and front/eddy information for physical circulation model performance assessments. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Synopt Data Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Matulewski, KV (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Synopt Data Div, Code N322,1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1999 EP 2002 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200314 ER PT B AU Swanson, R Cash, SC Pettway, WC Peterson, CA Sharp, K AF Swanson, R Cash, SC Pettway, WC Peterson, CA Sharp, K GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A current overview of NAVOCEANO's ocean projects department's roll-on/roll-off data collection vehicles and support systems SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Naval Oceanographic Office's (NAVOCEANO's) Ocean Projects Department's unique and highly specialized roll-on/roll-off unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) deployed worldwide are used to collect data and information for the U. S. Navy. The Towed Ocean Survey System (TOSS) package is a fine-scale survey system, capable of surveying in water depths down to 6000 meters, which includes a comprehensive suite of data collection equipment (video, digital images, side scan, and sub-bottom profiler, et al.), suitable for a variety of mission objectives. TOSS is comprised of two complete systems; each system consists of a UUV and 5 support vans. Semi-Autonomous Mapping System (SAMS) is a new adjunct to the TOSS system. SAMS operates within an acoustic tether to the ship and will support high-speed, broad area characterization. The SEAMAP consists of two complete systems and collects large-scale, high-resolution side scan data in 20-km swaths as well as bathymetric data. The SEAHORSE system, NAVOCEANO's state-of-the-art autonomous underwater vehicle, currently consists of two complete systems (with a third on the way), and is an evolving system, designed to perform its mission objectives considering a variety of site specific data collection requirements. The flexibility of all of these systems gives the Ocean Collections Division an essential role in the community of data collection activities that provide the U. S. Navy with essential information. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. RP Swanson, R (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2054 EP 2059 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200323 ER PT B AU Briggs, KB Tang, DJ AF Briggs, KB Tang, DJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Assessing the sediment volume contribution to scattering: Bulk density fluctuations SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID FREQUENCY BOTTOM BACKSCATTERING; ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTERING; OCEAN BOTTOM; ROUGHNESS AB The accuracy and resolution of sediment bulk density measurements are examined. Bulk density from cores is traditionally measured by weight loss of extruded and sectioned 2-cm-thick sediment disks. The actual bulk density is thus an average value for the volume of a 2-cm-long-x-cross-sectionalarea sediment core disk. Thus, the values of the measurements as well as the estimates of the correlation lengths may be a function of the disk thickness (sampling interval) and estimation of correlation lengths may be distorted. From a bulk density power spectrum and correlation length estimated from existing data, Monte Carlo realizations of the density were obtained for the sediment volume. From such realizations, we re-applied the same procedures used in the actual core analysis on the simulated cores to obtain a "virtual" bulk density profile and then re-estimated the power spectrum. Because actual density is known from the original data in the simulation, the difference between the parameters used to generate the simulation and the "virtual" parameters is a measure of the distortion. As a result of numerous simulations run to achieve a robust estimate of "virtual" bulk density, we show that laboratory procedures bias (lower) the actual variance of the parameters by averaging or smoothing. In related work, however, the first-order autoregressive approach for estimating correlation length from contiguous disks indicates a bias toward a higher value of the parameter than is appropriate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Briggs, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2093 EP 2097 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200329 ER PT B AU Thompson, D March, R Herrmann, H AF Thompson, D March, R Herrmann, H GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Groundtruth results for dynamic penetrometers in cohesive soils SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Dynamic soil penetrameters are used increasingly as a handy tool for rapid seafloor soil strength profiling. The U.S. Navy has developed a dynamic penetrometer called the eXpendable Doppler Penetrometer (XDP) as an effective tool for determining in-situ soil strength in deeper water depths. The XDP data are used to estimate the profile of undrained shear strength in cohesive sediments, and the profile of friction angle and relative density in coliesionless soils. It accomplishes this by measuring the instantaneous velocity of a sound source probe as it falls through the water column and penetrates the seafloor. Soil strength is determined from the rate of velocity change of the penetrometer as it enters the seafloor and comes to rest. Over the past 2 years, three site surveys provided extensive data sets of XDP and collocated core measured strength profiles. The results indicate good agreement between the average strengths measured by the vane and the XDP. The strength profiles (strength vs. depth) from the XDP and vane also have good agreement, except where coliesionless soil lenses are present within the cohesive matrix. The results also provide groundtruth databases for additional comparisons and analyses. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Ocean Engn Div, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Thompson, D (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Ocean Engn Div, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2117 EP 2123 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200332 ER PT B AU Manning, R AF Manning, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Small object classification performance of high-resolution imaging sonars as a function of image resolution SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Several results from an investigation of the relationship between the classification performance of high-resolution imaging sonars and image resolution and image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are presented. The primary goal of this investigation has been to develop a capability to accurately estimate the classification performance of various high resolution imaging sonars used for minehunting. An additional goal has been to develop a baseline measure of, classification capability that can enable more accurate evaluations of the relative performance capabilities of developmental CAD/CAC algorithms. The investigation is being conducted using synthetic sonar, images, due to a severe lack of real ground-truthed image data sets with directly comparable object types, multiple resolutions, and multiple calibrated, SNR values, Image data sets containing an equal number of synthetic images with equal range and cross-range resolutions of 1, 3, 6, and 9-inches were created. The individual image data sets for these four resolutions include the same mine and minelike objects at the same ranges and orientations to facilitate a direct performance comparison. The image backgrounds are Rayleigh distributed and the image SNR values range from 3 to 15 AB. The classification performance results were obtained using one of the advanced computer-aided detection and classification (CAC) algorithms that are currently in the process of transitioning to several U.S. Navy minehunting systems. Standard Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for. the joint probability of detection and classification and probability of false alarm as a function of "effective SNR" are presented. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Manning, R (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2156 EP 2163 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200338 ER PT B AU Redfield, SA Huynh, QQ AF Redfield, SA Huynh, QQ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Hypercomplex Fourier transforms applied to detection for side-scan sonar SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID CURVES AB This research addresses the problem of Image processing for the detection of mine-like targets from sonar data. This is a challenging problem because of the large variability in both background clutter and object appearance. Bulow and Sommer [1] use hypercomplex numbers to obtain local phase information, which reveals the intrinsic dimensionality of the signal. The three local phase components are indicative of the local texture within an image. We use these texture components to identify anomalies on the sea floor. First we generate the quaternion signal of real 2D input using Hilbert transforms (a 2D equivalent of the complex signal of real 1D input). Three phase angles and a magnitude are obtained from this quaternion. The magnitude is the square root of the sum of the squares of the quaternion, coefficients. The first phase angle, theta, Is equivalent to the linear phase in the x-direction. The second phase angle, phi, is equivalent to the linear phase in the y-direction. The third phase angle, psi, is related to the two-dimensional texture. A very random texture produces random values for the phases. An anomaly in a given texture region maps to related values in the phase components in that region. We explore the effectiveness of this approach to texture anomaly detection with real data. Anomalous textures, such as man-made objects in images of the sea floor, appear as spatially predictable regions of extreme values in the phase components. We have shown that the phase components are of some value in identifying regions of a sonar image that contain unusual texture when compared to the rest of the image. This method could be used in a real system as a practical human decision support, identifying regions of interest (detections) in images where simple thresholding is ineffective. C1 USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Redfield, SA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Coastal Syst, 6703 West Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2219 EP 2224 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200349 ER PT B AU Turgut, A McCord, M Newcomb, J Fisher, R AF Turgut, A McCord, M Newcomb, J Fisher, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Chirp sonar sediment characterization at the Northern Gulf of Mexico littoral acoustic demonstration center experimental site SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CLASSIFICATION AB Chirp sonar subottom surveys have been conducted during a recent Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC) experiment to invert bottom geoacoustic properties in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Sediment properties such as density, porosity, and sound-speed profiles are inverted by using reflection amplitude and phase data obtained from a shallow-towed 2-12 kHz chirp sonar. High-quality subbottom. images have been obtained with sub-meter resolution and up to 60 m penetration resolving several seafloor fault and diapir systems in the arm The attenuation coefficient is also estimated using the frequency shift method that seems to be relatively. insensitive to reflection and transmission effects. The sound-speed and density structures of the LADC acoustic propagation tracks are efficiently mapped and made available for the numerical simulation studies of ambient noise and marine mammal acoustic propagation. The inversion results compare favorably with the previously reported sediment core data indicating that an accurate and rapid estimation of acoustical and physical properties of marine sediments. is feasible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI McCord, Marian/A-7790-2015 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2248 EP 2252 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200354 ER PT B AU Hofler, TJ Polydorou, S AF Hofler, TJ Polydorou, S GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A compact and inexpensive hydrophone with an internal ultra-low-noise preamp SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB A simple and compact JFET preamp has been built with a gain of 25 dB, a quiescent current of 2 to 3 mA at 12V, and an equivalent input noise voltage of 1.7 nV/Hz(1/2) at 1 kHz. This extremely low noise specification was measured with a dummy source impedance that mimics the Intended piezoceramic source impedance. Separately, a compact and inexpensive passive hydrophone has been built and measured to have a sensitivity of roughly -190 dB re 1V/uPa and a maximum dimension of 28 mm prior to encapsulation. We expect to finish the construction and measurement of an integrated hydrophone and internal preamp soon. This hydrophone should. exhibit a noise performance far below Knudsen sea-state zero when completed. The component cost of the preamplified hydrophone is roughly $25 in small quantities, plus the cost of two simple machined aluminum parts, encapsulation, and cabling. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hofler, TJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Code PH-HF, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2310 EP 2314 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200363 ER PT B AU Butler, SC AF Butler, SC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Triply resonant broadband transducers SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The Navy's current emphasis on broadband sonar signal processing and frequency agility has prompted the need for new classes of broadband sonar transducers that can transmit these complex signals. The design approaches used are based on the longitudinal vibrator tonpilz type double resonant sonar transducer development that began with the "Rodrigo" type design (named after the pioneer of such design) also commonly referred to as "double head mass" transducer by the British naval community. This design is a series mechanical arrangement of an inactive. compliant material such as aluminum. or composite polymer material that is sandwiched between a central mass and head mass (radiating piston) and active driver material such as piezoelectric ceramic stack or magnetostrictive rod sandwiched between the central mass and a tail mass. This method creates a double resonant three-degree-of-freedom (i.e. mass-spring-mass-spring-mass system) transducer, which offers greater bandwidth than conventional tonpilz transducer designs. These designs can be expanded by the addition of other series resonators (mass-spring) to produce triple resonant transducer (TRT) or higher order multiple resonant transducer (MRT) devices. Several prototype transducer elements designs were fabricated at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center that demonstrated proof of concept by generating three resonances at 15, 25 and 35 kHz. The theory of operation, modeling approaches, fabrication technique and test results will be presented. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Transducer Dev & Support Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Butler, SC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Transducer Dev & Support Branch, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2334 EP 2341 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200367 ER PT B AU Yang, TC AF Yang, TC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Temporal fluctuations of broadband channel impulse functions and underwater acoustic communications at 2-5 kHz SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB This paper presents experimental measurements of broadband (2-5 kHz) acoustic channel impulse response functions at two different oceans, and discusses the environmental acoustic impact on underwater acoustic communications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2395 EP 2400 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200376 ER PT B AU Blackmon, F Sozer, E Proakis, J AF Blackmon, F Sozer, E Proakis, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Iterative equalization, decoding, and soft diversity combining for underwater acoustic channels SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The performance of iterative equalization, decoding, and soft diversity combining in underwater acoustic channels is studied. A decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is employed instead of a MAP equalizer to reduce the complexity of the iterative algorithm. The performance of a soft diversity combining scheme, where multiple DFEs are employed for spatial diversity or time diversity as well as a DFE with multiple feedforward filters is presented. The proposed receiver structures are tested and compared using experimental data. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Blackmon, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 2425 EP 2428 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200381 ER PT B AU Cranch, GA AF Cranch, GA GP IEEE IEEE TI Frequency noise reduction in erbium doped fibre Bragg grating lasers using active electronic feedback SO OFS 2002: 15TH OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS CONFERENCE TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference CY MAY 06-10, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID FIBER LASER AB We present an erbium doped fibre laser in a MOPA configuration with intensity and frequency noise reduction using electronic feedback techniques. The intensity noise is suppressed using feedback to the pump diode current and the frequency noise is suppressed by locking the laser emission to a fibre interferometer and applying a feedback signal through laser cavity strain using a piezo-electric element. C1 USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cranch, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Code 5674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7289-1 PY 2002 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU40F UT WOS:000175894300073 ER PT B AU Cole, JH Sunderman, C Tveten, AB Kirkendall, C Dandridge, A AF Cole, JH Sunderman, C Tveten, AB Kirkendall, C Dandridge, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Preliminary investigation of air-included polymer coatings for enhanced sensitivity of fiber-optic acoustic sensors SO OFS 2002: 15TH OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS CONFERENCE TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference CY MAY 06-10, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Tech Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cole, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Tech Branch, Code 5670,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7289-1 PY 2002 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU40F UT WOS:000175894300079 ER PT B AU Kirkendall, CK Dandridge, A AF Kirkendall, CK Dandridge, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Polarization induced phase noise in fiber optic interferometers with polarizer based polarization diversity receivers SO OFS 2002: 15TH OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS CONFERENCE TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference CY MAY 06-10, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB The presence of a polarizer at the output of a fiber optic interferometer is shown to reduce the polarization-induced noise when it is part of a polarization diversity receiver. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kirkendall, CK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7289-1 PY 2002 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU40F UT WOS:000175894300093 ER PT B AU Wiener, T Bucholtz, F Todd, M AF Wiener, T Bucholtz, F Todd, M GP IEEE IEEE TI The effects of thermal and polarization fluctuations on 3x3 coupler performance SO OFS 2002: 15TH OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS CONFERENCE TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference CY MAY 06-10, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wiener, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7289-1 PY 2002 BP 587 EP 590 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BU40F UT WOS:000175894300146 ER EF