FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kushto, GP Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kushto, GP Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB TI Indium tin oxide thin films grown on flexible plastic substrates by pulsed-laser deposition for organic light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; DEVICES AB Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of substrate deposition temperature and background gas pressure. ITO films (200 nm thick), deposited by PLD on PET at 25 degreesC and 45 mTorr of oxygen, exhibit high optical transparency (similar to 87%) in the visible (400-700 nm) with a low electrical resistivity of 7x10(-4) Omega cm. ITO films grown by PLD on PET were used as the anode contact in organic light-emitting devices. A luminous power efficiency of similar to1.6 lm/W was achieved at 100 cd/m(2), slightly higher than that (similar to1.5 lm/W) measured for the control device based on a sputter-deposited ITO on glass. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 175 Z9 183 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 3 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1063/1.1383568 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 451AA UT WOS:000169776000002 ER PT J AU Rao, MR Naficy, AB Savarino, SJ Abu-Elyazeed, R Wierzba, TF Peruski, LF Abdel-Messih, I Frenck, R Clemens, JD AF Rao, MR Naficy, AB Savarino, SJ Abu-Elyazeed, R Wierzba, TF Peruski, LF Abdel-Messih, I Frenck, R Clemens, JD TI Pathogenicity and convalescent excretion of Campylobacter in rural Egyptian children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; cohort studies; convalescence; diarrhea ID JEJUNI INFECTION; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENTERITIS; DIARRHEA; COHORT; COLI; PERU; ENTEROPATHOGENS; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Campylobacter infection in developing countries has not received much public health attention because of the observation that infections are not associated with disease beyond the first 6 months of life. A cohort of 397 Egyptian children aged less than 3 years, who were observed twice weekly during 1995-1998, experienced an incidence of 0.6 episodes of Campylobacter diarrhea per child-year. A total of 13% of the Campylobacter diarrheal episodes were characterized by severe dehydration. Age-specific incidence rates (episodes per year) were 0.9 in infants aged less than 6 months, 1.5 in those 6-12 months, and 0.4 and 0.2 in the second and third years of life, respectively. Convalescent excretion of Campylobacter after a diarrheal episode might be enhancing transmission and contributing to this high incidence. Observed risk factors for Campylobacter diarrhea were poor hygienic conditions and the presence of animals in the house. Regardless of the child's age, a first infection by Campylobacter was associated with diarrhea (odds ratio = 2.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.61, 3.71); however, subsequent infections were associated with diarrhea only in children aged less than 6 months. This observation that natural infection did not confer protection during the first 6 months of life poses a challenge to vaccine development. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Rao, MR (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Room 7B03,6100 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 40 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1093/aje/154.2.166 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 453FT UT WOS:000169906400011 PM 11447051 ER PT J AU Li, T Zhang, YS Chang, CP Wang, B AF Li, T Zhang, YS Chang, CP Wang, B TI On the relationship between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and Asian summer monsoon SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; PREDICTABILITY AB Indian Ocean SST has been thought to play a weaker role in Indian summer monsoon rainfall than does the equatorial eastern Pacific SST, In this study we show that on the tropical biennial oscillation (TBO, 2-3 year) time scale the Indian monsoon rainfall has significant positive correlations with the Indian Ocean SST and moisture flux transport in the preceding winter and spring. The effect of this SST influence is quite different from the remote forcing of the Indian monsoon rainfall by the eastern Pacific SST, which is more dominant on the El Nine-Southern Oscillation (ENSO, 3-7 year) time scale. We conclude that while the eastern Pacific SST and the Eurasian land temperature both may affect the monsoon on the ENSO time scale, they are not important on the TBO time scale. Our results support the tropical and local feedback theories of TBO that this most important component of the monsoon variation is largely influenced by the Indian Ocean SST and interactions within the tropical atmosphere-ocean system (Chang and Li, Nichols). C1 Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, SOEST, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 19 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 14 BP 2843 EP 2846 DI 10.1029/2000GL011847 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 452GK UT WOS:000169849500044 ER PT J AU Tucker, WB Weatherly, JW Eppler, DT Farmer, LD Bentley, DL AF Tucker, WB Weatherly, JW Eppler, DT Farmer, LD Bentley, DL TI Evidence for rapid thinning of sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean at the end of the 1980s SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; THICKNESS; MOTION; TRENDS; COVER AB Examination of springtime ice drafts obtained from submarine profiles in a narrow band of the western Arctic Ocean from offshore Alaska to 89 degreesN indicates that the mean ice draft decreased 1.5 m between the mid-1980s and early 1990s. No similar trend was evident in ice drafts near the North Pole. The 1980s drafts were composed largely of ice exceeding 3.5 m, while the early 1990s drafts contained more ice in thinner categories. The differences in drafts between the two periods appear to be related largely to ice dynamics effects associated with the presence and strength of the Beaufort Gyre, which weakened considerably in the early 1990s. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Bronson Hills Associates, Fairlee, VT 05045 USA. USN, Arctic Submarine Lab, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. RP Tucker, WB (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 23 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 14 BP 2851 EP 2854 DI 10.1029/2001GL012967 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 452GK UT WOS:000169849500046 ER PT J AU Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL AF Petrov, GM Giuliani, JL TI Model of a two-stage rf plasma reactor for SiC deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; SILICON-CARBIDE; AFTERGLOW PLASMA; KINETIC DATA; METHANE; SURFACE; SILANE; CHEMISTRY AB A reactor is proposed for plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition of silicon carbide (SiC) at low pressure (similar to few Torr). The inductively coupled plasma lies upstream of the growth substrate and serves to dissociate the precursor silane/propane/hydrogen inlet gas. Unlike existing reactors, the design offers the potential for separate control of the temperature in the dissociation region and at the growth substrate. The geometrical parameters and flow conditions appropriate for SiC growth are analyzed with a one-dimensional flow simulation model which includes approximations for lateral diffusive losses to cold walls as well as deposition to the substrate. Twenty-one neutral species and 24 ions are followed with 179 reactions. At 3 Torr, 10 W/cm(3), and 300 cm/s inlet flow velocity, the model predicts a growth rate of similar to3 mum/h downstream from the plasma. Negligible ion density exists over the substrate as long as the silane density is sufficiently large due to a feedback process between Si+ and SiH4. Besides heating the gas, the plasma is an efficient source of radical H atoms, which in turn control the abundance of some hydrocarbon species over the substrate. C2H2 is the dominant contributor to the C-bearing flux onto the substrate and the Si atom, which forms by electron reactions, is the most important Si-bearing species. Finally, a sensitive transition in deposition rate is found for the C-bearing species as the power increases from 5 to 10 W/cm(3). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petrov, GM (reprint author), Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. NR 62 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 2 BP 619 EP 636 DI 10.1063/1.1373701 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZN UT WOS:000169660000012 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Lunkenheimer, P Leon, C Schneider, U Brand, R Loidl, A AF Ngai, KL Lunkenheimer, P Leon, C Schneider, U Brand, R Loidl, A TI Nature and properties of the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation in the equilibrium liquid state of a class of glass-formers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FORMING LIQUIDS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; KOHLRAUSCH EXPONENT; COUPLING MODEL; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Previous dielectric relaxation measurements of glycerol and propylene carbonate and new results on propylene glycol performed below the conventional glass transition temperatures T-g after long periods of aging all show that the excess wing (a second power law at higher frequencies) in the isothermal dielectric loss spectrum, develops into a shoulder. These results suggest that the excess wing, a characteristic feature of a variety of glass-formers, is the high frequency flank of a Johari-Goldstein beta -relaxation loss peak submerged under the alpha -relaxation loss peak. With this interpretation of the excess wing assured, the dielectric spectra of all three glass-formers measured at temperatures above T-g are analyzed as a sum of a alpha -relaxation modeled by the Fourier transform of a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function and a beta -relaxation modeled by a Cole-Cole function. Good fits to the experimental data have been achieved. In addition to the newly resolved beta -relaxation on propylene glycol, the important results of this work are the properties of the beta -relaxation in this class of glass-formers in the equilibrium liquid state obtained over broad frequency and temperature ranges. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dipartimento Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lunkenheimer, Peter/C-6196-2008; Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Loidl, Alois/L-8199-2015 OI Lunkenheimer, Peter/0000-0002-4525-1394; Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Loidl, Alois/0000-0002-5579-0746 NR 76 TC 202 Z9 203 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 3 BP 1405 EP 1413 DI 10.1063/1.1381054 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451AB UT WOS:000169776100029 ER PT J AU Jones, HN Feng, CR AF Jones, HN Feng, CR TI Thermal activation of flow stress transients in mild steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE mild steel; Luder's extension; Luder's band velocity; lower bound strain rate; flow stress transient; grain size effect AB A high strain rate evolution through the Luder's extension can be induced in mild steel wires under dead weight loading using a rapid heating (approximate to 40 degrees Cs-1) thermal history generated by the direct resistance heating method. Using this experimental technique, the behavior of two different microstructures derived from cold drawn AISI 1018 wire was investigated, a pearlite/ferrite microstructure (ASTM no. 9) produced by a normalizing heat treatment, and a smaller ferrite grain size (ASTM no. 10) produced by recrystallization annealing. With axial and diametral extensometers estimates of the Luders band velocity and the lower bound strain rate attained within the band were obtained. For normalized mild steel at 273 MPa, the maximum Luder's band velocity measured directly was 1.3 m s(-1). The lower bound strain rate within the band was estimated to be about 8 s(-1). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of the dislocation structures associated with both materials showed that the strain bursts resulted in a higher dislocation density. Based on the high strain rates measured, the short duration of deformation and the dislocation structures observed, some constraints on possible mechanisms are proposed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, HN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01615-4 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600020 ER PT J AU Pande, CS AF Pande, CS TI Strain hardening in FCC metals and alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Fundamentals of Plastic Deformation CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE strain hardening; dislocation configuration; models ID DISLOCATION AB Strain hardening (workhardening) in single crystal of ductile face centered cubic metals in stages I, II and III are briefly reviewed. A preliminary description of a new model of strain hardening based on stochastic and statistical considerations is given. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 309 SI SI BP 328 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01707-X PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 438GE UT WOS:000169044600067 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Rendell, RW Snow, AW Park, D Boos, JB AF Ancona, MG Kruppa, W Rendell, RW Snow, AW Park, D Boos, JB TI Coulomb blockade in single-layer Au nanocluster films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ARRAYS; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT; METAL AB The I-V characteristics of single-layer Au nanocluster films are found to depend on the size of the An core of the nanoclusters with the threshold voltage rising as the cluster size decreases. The thresholds are also found to depend linearly on array length and temperature up to 300 K. At the higher temperatures, the thresholds are observed to go negative, which may be interpreted as an effect of transport over a barrier. These findings, interpreted using numerical simulation, provide strong evidence that the system is governed by Coulomb blockade and that disorder, though clearly present, plays only a secondary role. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 033408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.033408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 454UH UT WOS:000169989800028 ER PT J AU Broido, DA Reinecke, TL AF Broido, DA Reinecke, TL TI Theory of thermoelectric power factor in quantum well and quantum wire superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHONON-SCATTERING; MERIT; FIGURE; TRANSPORT AB Calculations are presented for thermoelectric transport in quantum well and quantum wire superlattices, using (i), the full superlattice electronic band structure in (ii) a multisubband inelastic Boltzmann equation for carrier-phonon scattering. The transport direction is taken to be in the quantum well planes and along quantum wires. It is demonstrated that these two features are needed to give a quantitative treatment of the power factor P in superlattice systems. Results are given for PbTe and for GaAs quantum well and quantum wire superlattices, including the dependence of P on growth direction and on potential offset. For both quantum well and quantum wire superlattices, the dependence of P on potential offset V-o is found to be qualitatively weaker than in previous work based on the constant relaxation time approximation for carrier scattering. These weaker dependences on V-o are traced mainly to the enhancement of the electron-phonon scattering rates upon confinement. These results give a different picture of the effects of confinement on P suggesting, for example, that increased confinement in superlattices does not lead to significantly higher P and that free-standing structures, such as free-standing quantum wires, may be particularly attractive for thermoelectric applications. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Broido, DA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. NR 23 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 045324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.045324 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 457CN UT WOS:000170119700077 ER PT J AU Charnock, FT Kennedy, TA AF Charnock, FT Kennedy, TA TI Combined optical and microwave approach for performing quantum spin operations on the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE DEFECT CENTERS; N-V DEFECTS; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GROUND-STATE; COMPUTATION; MICROSCOPY; MOLECULES; COHERENCE AB Electron spin echoes were per-formed on nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond using optical polarization and detection and 35 GHz microwave control. The experiments demonstrate an approach to quantum information in the solid state. A phase memory time of 3.6 mus was measured, and coupling of the electronic spin to the N-14 nuclear spin was observed. Because of the favorable properties of the N-V center, interesting extensions of these single-qubit operations can be proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Charnock, FT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 041201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.041201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 457CN UT WOS:000170119700003 ER PT J AU Sauer, KL Suits, BH Garroway, AN Miller, JB AF Sauer, KL Suits, BH Garroway, AN Miller, JB TI Three-frequency nuclear quadrupole resonance of spin-1 nuclei SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVES DETECTION; NQR; SYSTEM; N-14; NMR AB We introduce a new nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) method for the detection of spin-1 nuclei, where the transition excited and directly detected is not irradiated at all. It is demonstrated, theoretically and experimentally, that the irradiation of a powder sample containing spin-1 nuclei by two of the three characteristic NQR frequencies can result in free induction decay (FID) and echo signals at the third NQR frequency. We present the optimal conditions for such three-frequency NQR experiments and compare theory with experiment using N-14 (I = 1) in a powder sample of sodium nitrite. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Sauer, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6122, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2001 VL 342 IS 3-4 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00602-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454NV UT WOS:000169979400018 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TV Fyjioka, H Kang, AS Rogers, WO Fidock, DA James, AA AF Nguyen, TV Fyjioka, H Kang, AS Rogers, WO Fidock, DA James, AA TI Stage-dependent localization of a novel gene product of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; POLYBASIC DOMAIN; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; NEW-GENERATION; SPOROZOITE; VACCINE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; BERGHEI AB A novel Plasmodium falciparum gene, MB2, was identified by screening a sporozoite cDNA library with the serum of a human volunteer protected experimentally by the bites of P, falciparum-infected and irradiated mosquitoes. The single-exon, single-copy MB2 gene is predicted to encode a protein with an M-r of 187,000. The MB2 protein has an amino-terminal basic domain, a central acidic domain, and a carboxyl-terminal domain with similarity to the GTP-binding domain of the prokaryotic translation initiation factor 2. MB2 is expressed in sporozoites, the liver, and blood-stage parasites and gametocytes. The MB2 protein is distributed as a similar to 120-kDa moiety on the surface of sporozoites and is imported into the nucleus of blood-stage parasites as a similar to 66-kDa species. Proteolytic processing is favored as the mechanism regulating the distinct subcellular localization of the MB2 protein, This differential localization provides multiple opportunities to exploit the MB2 gene product as a vaccine or therapeutic target. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Diversa Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP James, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, 3205 Bio Sci 2, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. OI Fidock, David/0000-0001-6753-8938 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI35827] NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 28 BP 26724 EP 26731 DI 10.1074/jbc.M103375200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 451VP UT WOS:000169823300140 PM 11371568 ER PT J AU Wicks, CW Thatcher, W Monastero, FC Hasting, MA AF Wicks, CW Thatcher, W Monastero, FC Hasting, MA TI Steady state deformation of the Coso Range, east central California, inferred from satellite radar interferometry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GEOTHERMAL AREA; INYO-COUNTY; HALF-SPACE; SEISMICITY; VOLCANISM; FIELD; SHEAR AB Observations of deformation from 1992 to1997 in the southern Coso Range using satellite radar interferometry show deformation rates of up to 35 mm yr(-1) in an area similar to 10 km by 15 km. The deformation is most likely the result of subsidence in an area around the Coso geothermal field. The deformation signal has a short-wavelength component, related to production in the field, and a long-wavelength component, deforming at a constant rate, that may represent a source of deformation deeper than the geothermal reservoir. We have modeled the long-wavelength component of deformation and inferred a deformation source at similar to4 km depth. The source depth is near the brittle-ductile transition depth (inferred from seismicity) and similar to1.5 km above the top of the rhyolite magma body that was a source for the most recent volcanic eruption in the Coso volcanic field [Manley and Bacon, 2000]. From this evidence and results of other studies in the Coso Range, we interpret the source to be a leaking deep reservoir of magmatic fluids derived from a crystallizing rhyolite magma body. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NAWS, Geothermal Program Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Wicks, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cwicks@usgs.gov; thatcher@usgs.gov; MonasteroFC@navair.navy.mil; HastingMA@navair.navy.mil NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B7 BP 13769 EP 13780 DI 10.1029/2001JB000298 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 453FP UT WOS:000169906100030 ER PT J AU Carruthers, TF Lou, JW AF Carruthers, TF Lou, JW TI 80 to 10 Gbit/s clock recovery using phase detection with Mach-Zehnder modulator SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOOP; LASER; DIODE AB A Mach-Zehnder modulator, driven by a harmonic of a local oscillator, is used as an electro-optic phase detector to lock the oscillator to the 10 GHz base rate of an 80 Gbit/s time-division multiplexed data stream with a timing jitter of 341 fs. Clock recovery is robust and may be scaled to higher data rates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Carruthers, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 14 BP 906 EP 907 DI 10.1049/el:20010601 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 451UY UT WOS:000169821800028 ER PT J AU Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Nadgorny, BE Trotter, G Broussard, PR DeSisto, WJ AF Osofsky, MS Soulen, RJ Nadgorny, BE Trotter, G Broussard, PR DeSisto, WJ TI Measurement of the transport spin-polarization of oxides using point contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th NEC Symposium on Fundamental Approaches to New Material Phases CY OCT 22-26, 2000 CL NASU, JAPAN SP NEC DE experimental methods; spin-polarization; ferromagnetic materials; Andreev reflection; point contact tunneling ID JUNCTIONS AB We present results of transport spin-polarization measurements derived using PCAR. Several systems are discussed with the focus primarily on oxides. The phenomenology of spin-polarization, details of the PCAR technique, and comparisons of the experimental results with theoretical predictions are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Covenant Coll, Lookout Mt, GA 30750 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Chem Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Osofsky, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUL 5 PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(01)00568-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 447UB UT WOS:000169589900009 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Loss inclusion via dyadic Green's function modifications for microstrip structures with complex media: Interfacial exponential field behavior within conductor SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dyadic Green's function; attenuation constant; full-wave spectral-domain code; exponential conductor field dependence; complex media AB 2-D field behavior within a metal strip is used to correct eh dyadic Green's function for a microstrip structure containing complex-layered media so that the attenuation constant can be determined. In the x-direction, the field is built to display exponential dependence. The strip width is explicitly taken into account, along with the metal thickness and conductivity. New Green's function expressions of the structure are found consistent with a full-wave electromagnetic code employing zero thickness extent conductors for the guiding metal. Implications for numerical implementation are covered. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Elect Technol Div, Code 6850-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 437JN UT WOS:000168988700018 ER PT J AU Widing, KG Feldman, U AF Widing, KG Feldman, U TI On the rate of abundance modifications versus time in active region plasmas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : abundances; Sun : activity; Sun : corona ID SOLAR UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; EMISSION-LINES; NEON; OXYGEN; FLARE; MAGNESIUM; SPECTRUM; SKYLAB; QUIET AB Four emerging and developing active regions observed on Skylab spectroheliograms (300-600 Angstrom) have been studied over intervals of 3 to 7 days to determine the change in their Mg/Ne abundance ratio. The Mg/Ne abundance ratio is used as a measure of the FIP effect on element abundances in the solar upper atmosphere. Mg/Ne abundance ratios were derived from diagnostic intensity ratios of Mg VI lines at 400 relative to adjacent Ne VI lines. Intensity ratios were estimated from the active region images in the AZ Skylab Atlas of Extreme-Ultraviolet Spectroheliograms. The resulting abundance ratios expressed in terms of the FIP bias beta (see text) are plotted as a function of elapsed time since emergence. After emergence the newborn region shows photospheric composition: i.e., the abundance ratio of Mg/Ne = 0.296, beta = 1. Thereafter, the developing regions show a progressive increase in the Mg/Ne abundance ratio with the value of beta reaching after 2 days coronal-type abundances: Mg/Ne = 1.43, beta approximate to 4.8. In the later stages, the bias increases to values between 7 and 9 after 3 to 7 days. Some implications of the abundance modifications are briefly discussed. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Widing, KG (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 8401 Braddock Rd, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM kwiding@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil; ufeldman@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 3 PY 2001 VL 555 IS 1 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.1086/321482 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 453XY UT WOS:000169944500039 ER PT J AU Titarchuk, L Osherovich, V AF Titarchuk, L Osherovich, V TI Classification of power density spectrum features and estimation of the delta-invariant value for the Z source GX 340+0 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; diffusion stars : individual (GX 340+0, Scorpius X-1, 4U 0614+09, 4U 1702-42, 4U 1728-34); stars : neutron; waves; X-rays : stars ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; X-RAY BINARIES; NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES; KEPLERIAN OSCILLATIONS; TIMING SPECTROSCOPY; MILLISECOND PULSAR; MODEL; FREQUENCIES; SYSTEM; FIELD AB We present a theoretical analysis of Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer data of Z source GX 340+0 obtained by Jonker et al. In the frameworks of the recently formulated transition layer model, the delta -angle is an angle between the neutron star (NS) magnetospheric axis and the disk (presumably NS rotational) axis. We determine the angle, delta = 0.degrees3 +/-0.degrees3 which is a combination of the simultaneously observed kilohertz quasi-periodic and horizontal- branch oscillation frequencies. While these three frequencies change by a factor of 3 or more, their delta -combination stays almost constant. GX 340+0 is the fourth source (in addition to 4U 0614+09, Scorpius X-1, and 4U 1702-42) for which delta has been determined. With one (constrained) parameter, at most, we make a complete classification of six observed power spectral features, including the two kilohertz frequencies, the first and second harmonics of the horizontal- branch oscillation frequency, the low-frequency noise component, and the break frequencies. We demonstrate that a new component discovered by Jonker et al. in the GX 340+0 power spectrum is related to the viscous-frequency branch that has in fact been reported earlier in 4U 1728-34 by Ford & van der Klis. Finally, we reclassify several previously misidentified features in the power spectrum. C1 George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Titarchuk, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 3 PY 2001 VL 555 IS 1 BP L55 EP L59 DI 10.1086/321725 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 453YL UT WOS:000169945700013 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Rubinow, DR Xaing, GQ Li, BS Chang, YH Maric, D Barker, JL Ma, W AF Zhang, L Rubinow, DR Xaing, GQ Li, BS Chang, YH Maric, D Barker, JL Ma, W TI Estrogen protects against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal neurons by activation of Akt SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE Akt; Alzheimer's disease; amyloid; estrogen; hippocampus; neuronal survival; neuroprotection ID CULTURED CORTICAL-NEURONS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; APOPTOSIS; NEUROPROTECTION; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION; PRECURSOR; PATHWAY; KINASE AB The cellular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of estrogen are only beginning to be elucidated. Here we examined the role of protein kinase B (Akt) activation in 17 beta -estradiol (E2) inhibition of beta -amyloid peptide (31-35) (A beta (31-35))induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. A beta (31-35) (25-30 betaM) significantly decreased the total number of microtubule associated protein-2 positive cells (MAP2(+)). This decrease was significantly reversed by pre-treatment with 100 nM E2. Further, 100 nM E2 alone significantly increased the total number of protein kinase B and microtubule associated protein-2 positive cells compared with controls. Such E2-induced increases were inhibited by LY294002 (20 muM), a specific P13-K inhibitor, as well as by tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist/selective estrogen receptor modulator. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of E2 may be mediated at least in part via estrogen receptor-mediated protein kinase B activation. NeuroReport 12:1919-1923 (C) 2001 Lippinicott Williams & Wilkins. C1 NIMH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Biol Psychiat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rubinow, DR (reprint author), NIMH, Behav Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 3N238, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 20 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD JUL 3 PY 2001 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1919 EP 1923 DI 10.1097/00001756-200107030-00030 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 446HZ UT WOS:000169509000025 PM 11435923 ER PT J AU Chen, MW Dutta, I Zhang, T Inoue, A Sakurai, T AF Chen, MW Dutta, I Zhang, T Inoue, A Sakurai, T TI Kinetic evidence for the structural similarity between a supercooled liquid and an icosahedral phase in Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; ORDER AB By differential scanning calorimetric measurement, the kinetics of the phase transformation present in Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass during continuous heating was investigated. It was found that the effective activation energy from a supercooled liquid to an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase is much lower than that from the supercooled liquid to eutectic crystalline phases. In addition, the activation energy from the icosahedral phase to the crystalline phases is almost the same as that from the supercooled liquid to the crystalline phases. Both of them support that the local atomic structure is similar for the supercooled liquid and the icosahedral phase in the bulk metallic glass. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Dept Mech Engn, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Chen, MW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015; Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 1 BP 42 EP 44 DI 10.1063/1.1383060 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448ZA UT WOS:000169658800015 ER PT J AU McClain, DE Benson, KA Dalton, TK Ejnik, J Emond, CA Hedge, SJ Kalinich, JF Landauer, MA Miller, AC Pellmar, TC Stewart, MD Villa, V Cu, J AF McClain, DE Benson, KA Dalton, TK Ejnik, J Emond, CA Hedge, SJ Kalinich, JF Landauer, MA Miller, AC Pellmar, TC Stewart, MD Villa, V Cu, J TI Biological effects of embedded depleted uranium (DU): summary of Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute research SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OHIO SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE depleted uranium; uranium; toxicity; health effects ID PELLETS AB The Persian Gulf War resulted in injuries of US Coalition personnel by fragments of depleted uranium (DU). Fragments not immediately threatening the health of the individuals were allowed to remain in place, based on long-standing treatment protocols designed for other kinds of metal shrapnel injuries. However, questions were soon raised as to whether this approach is appropriate for a metal with the unique radiological and toxicological properties of DU, The Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) is investigating health effects of embedded fragments of DU to determine whether current surgical fragment removal policies remain appropriate for this metal. These studies employ rodents implanted with DU pellets as well as cultured human cells exposed to DU compounds. Results indicate uranium from implanted DU fragments distributed to tissues far-removed from implantation sites, including bone, kidney, muscle, and liver. Despite levels of uranium in the kidney that were nephrotoxic after acute exposure, no histological or functional kidney toxicity was observed. However, results suggest the need for further studies of long-term health impact, since DU was found to be mutagenic, and it transformed human osteoblast cells to a tumorigenic phenotype, It also altered neurophysiological parameters in rat hippocampus, crossed the placental barrier, and entered fetal tissue. This report summarizes AFRRI's depleted uranium research to date. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. US FDA, Div Oncol Drug Prod, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. USN, Drug Screening Lab, Great Lakes, IL 60085 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Med, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP McClain, DE (reprint author), Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00734-3 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200010 PM 11453287 ER PT J AU Bekkedal, MYV Ritchie, GD Rossi, J AF Bekkedal, MYV Ritchie, GD Rossi, J TI Behavioral sensitization following exposure to low doses of trimethylolpropane phosphate SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OHIO SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE appetitive reinforcer; TMPP; convulsant; behavioral disinhibition; reinforcement ID MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RAT SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; AMPHETAMINE; EXPRESSION; FACILITATION; TRANSMISSION; COCAINE; STRESS AB Behavioral sensitization is commonly studied within the context of drugs known to directly increase activity in the brain's dopamine system, particularly drugs of abuse. However, the present research suggests such behavioral changes can also be observed following exposure to other compounds that indirectly affect the dopamine system. One such compound is trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP), a bridged organophosphate that can be produced by the partial pyrolysis of certain synthetic lubricants used on military ships and aircraft. Although TMPP is a potent convulsant, it has been demonstrated that treatment with doses below seizure threshold results in long-term behavioral sensitization. The effect has been demonstrated with a number of neurobehavioral endpoints, particularly those assessing appetitive responding. More specifically, sensitization has been observed in acquisition of schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP), appetitive reinforcer approach sensitization (ARAS) and social interaction as measured in neonatal ultrasonic vocalizations, juvenile play and adult conspecific approach. Overall, the rats demonstrated a heightened appetitive response pattern. More specifically, TMPP reliably reduced the number of SIP sessions necessary to induce asymptotic drinking level and increased the time spent investigating (sniffing) a food reinforcer as measured in the ARAS task. Specific effects of TMPP on social interaction were an increase in ultrasonic vocalizations when the neonate was isolated from the dam and littermates and an increase in both measures of juvenile play (pins and dorsal contacts). A complex set of interactions emerged for the measures of adult social investigation where the drug effect was modulated by such factors as sex and neutral vs. stress-inducing experiences coincident with the drug treatment. In contrast to the above results, no behavioral changes were recorded for measures in the elevated plus maze and open field exploration. These results suggest that TMPP produces neurophysiological changes that persist much longer than the pharmacological effect of the compound, particularly in the neural correlates for appetitive behavior. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bekkedal, MYV (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Neurobehav Effects Lab, 2615 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00735-5 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200011 PM 11453288 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, HL Perkins, EJ Bridges, TS Tonucci, RJ Fleming, JK Nagel, A Diedrich, K Mendez-Tenorio, A Doktycz, MJ Beattie, KL AF Fredrickson, HL Perkins, EJ Bridges, TS Tonucci, RJ Fleming, JK Nagel, A Diedrich, K Mendez-Tenorio, A Doktycz, MJ Beattie, KL TI Towards environmental toxicogenomics - development of a flow-through, high-density DNA hybridization array and its application to ecotoxicity assessment SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment Approaches for the 21st Century CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL KINGS ISL, OH SP Tri Serv USAF, USA, USN Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, US EPA, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE genosensor; stress-response genes; transcriptional-level toxic response ID NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA ANNELIDA; TETHERED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; BIOASSAY; SEDIMENT; GLASS; OPTIMIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Assessment of the environmental hazard posed by soils/sediments containing low to moderate levels of contaminants using standard analytical chemical methods is uncertain due (in part) to a lack of information on contaminant bioavailability, the unknown interactive effects of contaminant mixtures, our inability to determine the species of a metal in an environmental matrix, and the relative sensitivity of bioassay species. Regulatory agencies compensate for this uncertainty by lowering cleanup goals, but in this process they effectively exclude otherwise attractive cleanup options (i.e. bioremediation). Direct evaluations of soil and sediment toxicity preclude uncertainty from most of these sources. However, the time and cost of chronic toxicity tests limits their general application to higher levels of tiered toxicity assessments. Transcriptional level (mRNA) toxicity assessments offer great advantages in terms of speed, cost and sample throughput. These advantages are currently offset by questions about the environmental relevance of molecular level responses. To this end a flow-through, high-density DNA hybridization array (genosensor) system specifically designed for environmental risk assessment was developed. The genosensor is based on highly regular microchannel glass wafers to which gene probes are covalently bound at discrete (200-mum diameter spot) and addressable (250-mum spot pitch) locations. The flow-through design enables hybridization and washing times to be reduced from approximately 18 h to 20 min. The genosensor was configured so that DNA from 28 environmental samples can be simultaneously hybridized with up to 64 different gene probes. The standard microscopic slide format facilitates data capture with most automated array readers and, thus high sample throughput (> 350 sample/h). In conclusion, hardware development for molecular analysis is enabling very tractable means for analyzing RNA and DNA. These developments have underscored the need for further developmental work in probe design software, and the need to relate transcriptional level data to whale-organism toxicity indicators. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Fredrickson, HL (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM fredrih@wes.army.mil RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 2 PY 2001 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00739-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 450EH UT WOS:000169728200013 PM 11453290 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Spencer, G AF Deschamps, JR George, C Flippen-Anderson, JL Spencer, G TI A new Cryptocarya lactone SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound 6-({4-oxo-6-[(1E)-2-phenylvinyl]-2H-3,5,6-trihydropyran-2-yl}methyl)-5H-6-hydropyran-2-one, C19H24O4, is a germination inhibitor isolated from the seeds of Cryptocarya wightiana. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 BP o648 EP o649 DI 10.1107/S1600536801010273 PN 7 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 478VZ UT WOS:000171367200064 ER PT J AU Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, RD Butcher, RJ TI 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitro-1,4-pyrazine 1-oxide SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C4H4N6O5, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n, and is an energetic compound containing only C, H, N, and O with a density of 1.919 Mg m(-3). Among other reasons, this remarkably high density is attributed to an extensive system of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds which results in a packing scheme involving zigzag sheets. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, RD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUL PY 2001 VL 57 BP o657 EP o658 DI 10.1107/S1600536801010352 PN 7 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 478VZ UT WOS:000171367200068 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T Merrill, CF AF Sarpkaya, T Merrill, CF TI Spray generation from turbulent plane water wall jets discharging into quiescent air SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 10-13, 2000 CL RENO, NV ID BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LIQUID JET; OSCILLATORY FLOW; ROUGH-WALL; SMOOTH; BREAKUP; INSTABILITY; ATOMIZATION; SURFACE; NUMBERS AB This is an experimental investigation of the mutual interaction between the free surface structures (ligaments and drops) and the turbulent flow beneath them (high-speed, wall-bounded, supercritical free-surface flows or liquid wall jets, e.g., a bow sheet). Using tap water and water solutions of polymer additives, measurements were made with several high-speed imagers (250 to 8000 frames/s) and analyzed through the use of Optimas-MA software to quantify the characteristics of ligaments and drops. Four control parameters were considered: Reynolds, Froude, and Weber numbers and relative wall roughness, based on the initial jet thickness-h(0), the mean exit velocity U-0, and the physical properties of air and tap water at 19 degreesC. Sieved sand was used to obtain the desired relative wall roughness k/h(0). The Reynolds number ranged from 2.4 x 10(4) to 8.5 x 10(4), the Froude number from about 15 to 30, and the Weber number from 1500 to 7500. The distances to the start of the free-surface roughening, ligament formation, and drop generation were quantified. The characteristics of the ligaments and drops were evaluated for representative roughnesses through the use of Eulerian and Lagrangian measurements. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Hydrodynam Hydroacoust Technol Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1217 EP 1229 DI 10.2514/2.1447 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 449HY UT WOS:000169680000001 ER PT J AU Whiteman, JA Snyder, DA Ragland, JJ AF Whiteman, JA Snyder, DA Ragland, JJ TI The value of leadership in implementing and maintaining a successful health promotion program in the Naval Surface Force, US Pacific Fleet SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article ID OUTCOMES; IMPACT C1 US Pacific Fleet, Naval Surface Force, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Clin Informat Technol Off, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Whiteman, JA (reprint author), US Pacific Fleet, Naval Surface Force, Code N01M,2841 Rendova Rd, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 15 IS 6 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 452YA UT WOS:000169886200006 PM 11523501 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN DeMarco, RA AF Kostoff, RN DeMarco, RA TI Extracting information from the literature by text mining SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY; FISH-OIL; SCIENCE; BIBLIOMETRICS; MANAGEMENT; DISCOVERY; RAYNAUDS C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 13 BP 370A EP 378A DI 10.1021/ac012472h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 448ZP UT WOS:000169660100008 PM 11467586 ER PT J AU Howe, SC Murray, JD Reeves, RT Hemp, JR Carlisle, JH AF Howe, SC Murray, JD Reeves, RT Hemp, JR Carlisle, JH TI Calciphylaxis, a poorly understood clinical syndrome: Three case reports and a review of the literature SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Southern-California-Vascular-Surgical-Society CY APR 16-19, 1999 CL OJAI, CALIFORNIA SP So Calif Vasc Surg Soc ID PARATHYROIDECTOMY; CALCIFICATION; GANGRENE AB Systemic calcification syndromes are a recognized complication occurring in some patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. These patients develop severe livedo reticularis and subcutaneous tissue lesions progressing to frank necrosis and ultimately large areas of eschar. Clinically this syndrome is known as calciphylaxis; these lesions are usually resistant to aggressive debridement, systemic antibiotics, and revascularization procedures. We report three patients with somewhat different clinical presentations but all sharing a common link of exquisitely painful leg ulcers initially being treated as ischemic lesions or venous stasis-type ulcerations. These three patients were diagnosed with calciphylaxis on the basis of clinical, biochemical, and histopathological criteria. Two patients underwent parathyroidectomy late in the progression of their disease, with some resolution of their ulcerative lesions. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Div Vasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Howe, SC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Div Vasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 470 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s100160010122 PG 4 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 464BK UT WOS:000170512700010 PM 11525538 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Ringeisen, BR Callahan, JH Galicia, M Vertes, A Horwitz, JS McGill, RA Houser, EJ Wu, PK Pique, A Chrisey, DB AF Bubb, DM Ringeisen, BR Callahan, JH Galicia, M Vertes, A Horwitz, JS McGill, RA Houser, EJ Wu, PK Pique, A Chrisey, DB TI Vapor deposition of intact polyethylene glycol thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LASER-ABLATION; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; POLYMER; SURFACES AB Thin films of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of average molecular weight, 1400 amu, were deposited by both matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The deposition was carried out in vacuum (similar to 10(-6) Torr) with an ArF (lambda = 193 nm) laser at a fluence between 150 and 300 mJ/cm(2). Films were deposited on NaCl plates, Si(lll) wafers, and glass slides. The physiochemical properties of the films are compared via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results show that the MAPLE films nearly identically resemble the starting material, whereas the PLD films do not. These results are discussed within the context of biomedical applications such as drug delivery coatings and in vivo applications where there is a need for transfer of polymeric coatings of PEG without significant chemical modification. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Chem Dynam & Diagnost Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20001 USA. So Oregon State Univ, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Lab, Code 6370,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dbubb@nrl.navy.mil RI Vertes, Akos/B-7159-2008 OI Vertes, Akos/0000-0001-5186-5352 NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1 BP 121 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s003390100884 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 447QN UT WOS:000169584100018 ER PT J AU Temme, LA Chapman, F Still, DL AF Temme, LA Chapman, F Still, DL TI The performance of standard Vertical S-1 flight maneuvers by student US Naval helicopter pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aviation performance; flight performance; helicopter; aviation training; instrument flight ID SPATIAL DISORIENTATION AB Background: During flight training, student U.S. Naval helicopter pilots learn the use of flight instruments through a prescribed series of simulator training events. We recorded the training flights of 76 student U.S. Naval helicopter pilots undergoing the simulator phase of basic flight instrument training. From the final basic instrument simulator flight the Vertical S-l (VS) night maneuver, a standard flight maneuver required of the students, was selected for analysis. This maneuver was chosen because the ideal performance was well described. Methods: The training simulator is the 2B42 training device, a 6 degrees of freedom, motion-based, high-fidelity instrument trainer. The quality of the flight performance of the cohort of student aviators executing the VS was described using objective measures of deviation from the ideal flight path. The measures included air speed, altitude, and heading average error from target values and standard deviations. Results: The distributions of these scores for the 76 student pilots were described and used to calculate a composite score that summarized a student's overall performance of the maneuver. The worst four, the best four, and a group of four average pilots were identified from their composite scores and their relative performance was compared. Conclusions: A graphical summary of each pilot's flight performance was developed, and from this performance summary a pattern became evident that suggested that differences in performance levels were related to the use of flight instruments. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. USN, Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Temme, LA (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. EM temme@namrl.navy.mil NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 72 IS 7 BP 606 EP 616 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 449ZL UT WOS:000169717000001 PM 11471903 ER PT J AU Milier, WI AF Milier, WI TI Nanotechnology horizons SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Council Personnel Boards, Washington, DC USA. RP Milier, WI (reprint author), USN, Council Personnel Boards, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 72 IS 7 BP 686 EP 687 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 449ZL UT WOS:000169717000011 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Goldston, HM Tran, PT Tender, LM Conrad, DW Benson, DE Hellinga, HW AF Trammell, SA Goldston, HM Tran, PT Tender, LM Conrad, DW Benson, DE Hellinga, HW TI Synthesis and characterization of a ruthenium(II)-based redox conjugate for reagentless biosensing SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SENSOR ARRAYS; PROTEIN; RECOGNITION; CONSTRUCTION; COMPLEXES; GOLD AB Synthesis of a novel sulfhydryl-specific, tetraammine Ru(II)polypyridyl complex, [Ru(II)(NH3)(4)(1,10-phenanthroline-5-maleimide)](PF6)(2), which exhibits environment-sensitive electrochemical properties is described. When conjugated to an allosteric site in a genetically engineered mutant of maltose binding protein, the formal potential of the conjugated redox probe is shifted to higher potential upon maltose binding. The magnitude of this potential shift was used to measure maltose affinity of the protein-redox conjugate complex and to monitor maltose concentration in solution. These results are presented in context of reagentless biosensing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Tender, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 12 IS 4 BP 643 EP 647 DI 10.1021/bc010022q PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 454PQ UT WOS:000169981300025 PM 11459471 ER PT J AU Osburn, CL Morris, DP Thorn, KA Moeller, RE AF Osburn, CL Morris, DP Thorn, KA Moeller, RE TI Chemical and optical changes in freshwater dissolved organic matter exposed to solar radiation SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon stable isotopes; DOM; humic acids; NMR; photooxidation ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION; CARBON-ISOTOPE; INORGANIC CARBON; LAKE WATER; SEAWATER; LIGNIN; MARINE; CYCLE; PHOTODEGRADATION AB We studied the chemical and optical changes in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) from two freshwater lakes and a Sphagnum bog after exposure to solar radiation. Stable carbon isotopes and solid-state C-13-NMR spectra of DOM were used together with optical and chemical data to interpret results from experimental exposures of DOM to sunlight and from seasonal observations of two lakes in northeastern Pennsylvania. Solar photochemical oxidation of humic-rich bog DOM to smaller LMW compounds and to DIC was inferred from losses of UV absorbance, optical indices of molecular weight and changes in DOM chemistry. Experimentally, we observed a 1.2 parts per thousand enrichment in delta C-13 and a 47% loss in aromatic C functionality in bog DOM samples exposed to solar UVR. Similar results were observed in the surface waters of both lakes. In late summer hypolimnetic water in humic Lake Lacawac, we observed 3 to 4.5 parts per thousand enrichments in delta C-13 and a 30% increase in aromatic C relative to early spring values during spring mixing. These changes coincided with increases in molecular weight and UV absorbance. Anaerobic conditions of the hypolimnion in Lake Lacawac suggest that microbial metabolism may be turning over allochthonous C introduced during spring mixing, as well as autochthonous C. This metabolic activity produces HMW DOM during the summer, which is photochemically labile and isotopically distinct from allochthonous DOM or autochthonous DOM. These results suggest both photooxidation of allochthonous DOM in the epilimnion and autotrophic production of DOM by bacteria in the hypolimnion cause seasonal trends in the UV absorbance of lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80002 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Osburn, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Code 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 62 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 44 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 251 EP 278 DI 10.1023/A:1010657428418 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 452MW UT WOS:000169863000002 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, J Gabrea, A Qi, Y Brents, L Zhan, FH Tian, EM Sawyer, J Barlogie, B Bergsagel, PL Kuehl, M AF Shaughnessy, J Gabrea, A Qi, Y Brents, L Zhan, FH Tian, EM Sawyer, J Barlogie, B Bergsagel, PL Kuehl, M TI Cyclin D3 at 6p21 is dysregulated by recurrent chromosomal translocations to immunoglobulin loci in multiple myeloma SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID MANTLE-CELL LYMPHOMA; CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; TUMOR-CELL; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; CLINICAL CORRELATIONS; TRANSGENIC MICE; INHIBITOR P27; D1 BCL-1 AB Reciprocal chromosomal translocations, which are mediated by errors in immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) switch recombination or somatic hypermutation as plasma cells are generated in germinal centers, are present in most multiple myeloma (MM) tumors. These translocations dysregulate an oncogene that is repositioned in proximity to a strong IgH enhancer. There is a promiscuous array of nonrandom chromosomal partners land oncogenes), with the 3 most frequent partners (11q13 [cyclin D1]; 4p16 [FGFR3 and MMSET]; 16q23 [c-maf]) involved in nearly half of MM tumors. It is now shown that a novel t(6;14)(p21;q32) translocation is present in 1 of 30 MM cell lines and that this cell line uniquely overexpresses cyclin D3, The cloned breakpoint juxtaposes gamma 4 switch sequences with 6p21 sequences that are located about 65 kb centromeric to the cyclin D3 gene. By metaphase chromosome analysis, the t(6;14) (p21;q32) translocation was identified in 6 of 150 (4%) primary MM tumors. Overexpression of cyclin D3 messenger RNA (mRNA) was identified by microarray RNA expression analysis in 3 of 53 additional primary MM tumors, each of which was found to have a t(6;14) translocation breakpoint by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. One tumor has a t(6;22)(p21;q11) translocation, so that cyclin D3 is bracketed by the IgL and IgH breakpoints. These results provide the first clear evidence for primary dysregulation of cyclin D3 during tumorigenesis, It is suggested that the initial oncogenic event for most MM tumors is a primary immunoglobulin translocation that dysregulates cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and other oncogenes to provide a proliferative stimulus to postgerminal center plasma cells. (C) 2001 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Canc Res Ctr, Donna D & Donald M Lambert Lab Myeloma Genet, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Canc Res Ctr, Myeloma & Transplantat Res Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NCI, Med Branch, Dept Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, New York, NY USA. RP Kuehl, M (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Genet, Med Branch, Bldg 8,Rm 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Bergsagel, Peter/A-7842-2011 OI Bergsagel, Peter/0000-0003-1523-7388 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA74265] NR 60 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 1 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1182/blood.V98.1.217 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 447JK UT WOS:000169568000032 PM 11418483 ER PT J AU Nowlin, WD Briscoe, M Smith, N McPhaden, MJ Roemmich, D Chapman, P Grassle, JF AF Nowlin, WD Briscoe, M Smith, N McPhaden, MJ Roemmich, D Chapman, P Grassle, JF TI Evolution of a sustained ocean observing system SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) was initiated in the early 1990s with sponsorship by the Intergovemmental Oceanographic Commission, the International Council for Science, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Meteorological Organization. Its objective is to design and assist with the implementation of a sustained, integrated, multidisciplinary ocean observing system focused on the production and delivery of data and products to a wide variety of users. The initial design for the GOOS is nearing completion, and implementation has begun. The initial task in developing a sustained observing system is to identify the requirements of users for sustained data and products. Once such needs are known, the next task is to examine observing system elements that already exist; many necessary elements will be found to exist. The next tasks are to identify and integrate the useful elements into an efficient and effective system, while removing the unneeded elements, and to develop and implement effective data management activities. Moreover, the system must be augmented with new elements because some requirements cannot be met with existing elements and because of technological advances. Our key objective is to discuss the mechanism whereby new candidate observing system elements are transformed from development status into elements of the sustained system. Candidate systems normally will pass through many different phases on the path from idea and concept to a mature, robust technique. These stages are discussed and examples are given: 1. Development of an observational/analysis technique within the ocean community. 2. Community acceptance of the methodology gained through experience within pilot projects to demonstrate the utility of the methods and data. 3. Pre-operational use of the methods and data by researchers, application groups, and other end users, to ensure proper integration within the global system and to ensure that the intended augmentation (and perhaps phased withdrawal of an old technique) does not have any negative impact on the integrity of the GOOS data set and its dependent products. 4. Incorporation of the methods and data into an operational framework with sustained support and sustained use to meet societal objectives. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Nowlin, WD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, 3146 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Chapman, Piers/C-7449-2013; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI Chapman, Piers/0000-0003-0952-9392 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1369 EP 1376 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<1369:EOASOO>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 451MH UT WOS:000169805500004 ER PT J AU Ferrer, JR Lahti, PM George, C Oliete, P Julier, M Palacio, F AF Ferrer, JR Lahti, PM George, C Oliete, P Julier, M Palacio, F TI Role of hydrogen bonds in benzimidazole-based organic magnetic materials: Crystal scaffolding or exchange linkers? SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NITROXIDE RADICALS; FERROMAGNET AB The highly stable nitroxide radicals 5(6)-chloro-2-(N-tert-buty2-N-aminoxyl)benzimidazole (4) and 5,6-dimethyl-2-(N-tert-butyl-N-aminoxyl)benzimidazole (5) were synthesized and characterized by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, crystallography, and magnetic susceptibility. Both crystallize as dimeric pairs with N-H hydrogen bond donors and N-O accepters. This behavior contrasts to that of analogous 2-(N-tert-butyl-N-aminoxyl)benzimidazole (3), which forms hydrogen-bonded chains (Ferrer, J. R.; Lahti, P. M.; George, C.; Antorrena, G.; Palacio, F. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 2205-2210), Susceptibility analysis shows dimeric antiferromagnetic exchange coupling with J/k = -22 K for 4 and -24 K for 5. Density functional theory (DFT) computations support a N-O to N-O throughspace antiferromagnetic exchange mechanism as the major contributor to the overall magnetic behavior of 4 and 5. A spin-polarization exchange coupling mechanism involving a cyclic exchange path using the -N-H . . .O-N hydrogen bonds in the dimers is expected to yield ferromagnetic coupling between dimers, in contradiction to the experimental and DFT results. The hydrogen bonds in 4 and 5 thus act more as structural scaffolding to hold the radicals in proximity rather than as electronic exchange linkers. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Lahti, PM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Palacio, Fernando/A-1270-2013 OI Palacio, Fernando/0000-0002-6403-7270 NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2447 EP 2454 DI 10.1021/cm010322h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 455ZD UT WOS:000170056900033 ER PT J AU Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA Silverman, DJ AF Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA Silverman, DJ TI Quantitative analyses of variations in the injury of endothelial cells elicited by 11 isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; UNITED-STATES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; STRAINS; TYPHUS; TICKS; VIRULENCE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Eleven isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae from the blood of patients or ixodid ticks from North and South America were characterized. All isolates were identified as Rickettsia rickettsii using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 532-bp rOmpA gene fragment obtained by PCR. The ability of the R. rickettsii isolates to elicit cytopathic effects and parameters of oxidative injury were examined in cultured human EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. Cytopathic effects were determined by direct observation of infected cultures, by measuring the release of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and by determination of intracellular pools of peroxide and reduced glutathione. Four biotypes of R. rickettsii were defined. Group I included two highly cytopathic isolates from Montana, Bitterroot and Sheila Smith, and three isolates from Maryland, North Carolina, and Brazil. These isolates rapidly damaged cells, released large amounts of cytoplasmic LDH, caused accumulation of intracellular peroxide, and depleted intracellular pools of reduced glutathione. Group II contained three isolates, two from Montana, Hlp#2 and Lost Horse Canyon, and an isolate from Colombia, which were similar to group I but caused either lower responses in LDH release or smaller changes in intracellular peroxide levels. The group III isolates, Sawtooth from Montana and 84JG from North Carolina, caused lower cellular injury by all measures. Group TV isolate Price T from Montana was the least cytopathic and caused minimal alterations of all parameters measured. Understanding the molecular basis for the varied cellular injury caused by different isolates of R. rickettsii may contribute to improved treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and to the rapid identification of those isolates which are more likely to cause fulminant disease. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 17416] NR 62 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 8 IS 4 BP 788 EP 796 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.4.788-796.2001 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 449UN UT WOS:000169705700020 PM 11427428 ER PT J AU Rostow, N AF Rostow, N TI Stay the hand of vengeance: The politics of war crimes tribunals SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Rostow, N (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 112 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 445FZ UT WOS:000169448600035 ER PT J AU Okkonen, SR Jacobs, GA Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE Shriver, JF AF Okkonen, SR Jacobs, GA Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE Shriver, JF TI Mesoscale variability in the boundary currents of the Alaska Gyre SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eastern boundary current; western boundary current; mesoscale eddies; modelling; radar altimetry ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION MODEL; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOLITARY WAVES; LINE-P; STREAM; EDDY; EDDIES; FLOW AB Measurements of sea-surface height anomalies acquired during the GEOSAT. ERS-1. and TOPEX altimeter missions show that the boundary currents of the Alaska gyre exhibit interannual variability with respect to the occurrence, size, and propagation of mesoscale. eddy-like features. Observations and model results suggest that eddies are generated in the Alaska Current during years in which the wind forcing in the eastern Gulf of Alaska promotes strong downwelling along the British Columbia-Alaska coast. Wind forcing conditions that support eddy formation and intensification often occur in years that coincide with El Nino-Southern Oscillation events. Eddy variability is significantly more deterministic in the Alaska Current than in the Alaskan Stream. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Okkonen, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 48 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 11-12 BP 1219 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00085-6 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 466UE UT WOS:000170663900005 ER PT J AU Amling, CL AF Amling, CL TI Diagnosis and management of superficial bladder cancer SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Review ID BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; TRANSITIONAL-CELL-CARCINOMA; INTRAVESICAL MITOMYCIN-C; VOIDED URINE CYTOLOGY; 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; BARD BTA TEST; LONG-TERM; TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION; RADICAL CYSTECTOMY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL AB Bladder cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer in American men, accounting for more than 12,000 deaths annually. It was one of the first malignancies in which carcinogens were recognized as an important factor in its cause. Currently, cigarette smoking is by far the most common cause of bladder cancer, although occupational exposure to arylamines has been implicated in the past. Gross or microscopic hematuria is the most common sign at presentation. Initial radiologic evaluation usually includes the excretory urography (intravenous pyelography), although further evaluation of the renal parenchyma with ultrasound or computed tomography scanning has been advocated by some. These radiologic studies are unable to provide adequate bladder imaging, and thus cystoscopy is required for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Most bladder cancers present as "superficial" disease, confined to the bladder mucosa or submucosal layer, without muscle invasion. Superficial tumors consist of papillary tumors that are mucosally confined (Ta), papillary or sessile tumors extending into the lamina propria (TI), and carcinoma in situ, which occurs as "flat" mucosal dysplasia, which can be focal, diffuse, or associated with a papillary or sessile tumor. The natural history of these pathologic subtypes differ significantly. Most superficial tumors (60% to 70%) have a propensity for recurrence after transurethral resection. Some (15% to 25%) are at high risk for progression to muscle invasion. Most superficial tumors can be stratified into high- or low-risk groups depending on tumor stage, grade, size, number, and recurrence pattern. It is important to identify those tumors at risk for recurrence or progression so that adjuvant intravesical therapies can be instituted. Many intravesical chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to reduce tumor recurrence when used in conjunction with transurethral tumor resection. Unfortunately, however, none of these agents have proved to be of benefit in preventing disease progression. Most are given intravesically on a weekly basis, although many studies suggest that a single instillation immediately after transurethral resection may be as good as a longer course of therapy. Although all of these drugs have toxicity, they usually are well tolerated. Intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an immunotherapeutic agent that when given intravesically is very effective in the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma. Compared with controls, BCG has a 43% advantage in preventing tumor recurrence, a significantly better rate than the 16 % to 21% advantage of intravesical chemotherapy. In addition, BCG is particularly effective in the treatment of carcinoma in situ, eradicating it in more than 80% of cases. In contrast to intravesical chemotherapy, BCG has also been shown to decrease the risk of tumor progression. The optimal course of BCG appears to be a 6-week course of weekly instillations, followed by a 3-week course at 3 months in those tumors that do not respond. In high-risk cancers, maintenance BCG administered for 3 weeks every 6 months may be optimal in limiting recurrence and preventing progression. Unfortunately, adverse effects associated with this prolonged therapy may limit its widespread applicability. In those patients at high risk in whom BCG therapy fails, intravesical interferon-alpha with or without BCG may be beneficial in some. Photodynamic therapy has also been used but is limited by its toxicity. In patients who progress or do not respond to intravesical therapies, cystectomy should be considered. With the development of orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction to the native urethra, the quality of life impact of radical cystectomy has been lessened. . C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Urol Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 174 TC 94 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 25 IS 4 BP 219 EP 278 PG 60 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 469QP UT WOS:000170826600001 PM 11514784 ER PT J AU Osswald, SS Proffer, LH Sartori, CR AF Osswald, SS Proffer, LH Sartori, CR TI Erythema dyschromicum perstans: A case report and review SO CUTIS LA English DT Review ID CLOFAZIMINE AB This article has been peer reviewed and approved by Michael Fisher, MD, Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College ci Medicine. Review date: June 2001. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essentials and Standards of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Quadrant HealthCom, Inc. The Albert Einstein College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Albert Einstein College:of: :Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1.0 hour in category 1 credit toward the; AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those hours of credit that he/she actually spent in; the educational: activity. This activity has been planned and produced in accordance with ACCME Essentials. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USN Hosp, Corpus Christi, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Osswald, SS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2001 VL 68 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 454XY UT WOS:000169998100005 PM 11480143 ER PT J AU Ferguson, D Chen, ASC Stencel, N AF Ferguson, D Chen, ASC Stencel, N TI Recycling a nonionic aqueous-based metal-cleaning solution with a ceramic membrane: Pilot-scale evaluation SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB The effectiveness of a zirconium dioxide (ZrO(2)) membrane filter was evaluated for recycling a nonionic aqueous metal cleaning bath under real-world conditions. The pilot-scale study consisted of four 7- to 16-day filtration runs, Each processed a portion of the cleaning bath during immersion cleaning of aircraft engine and motor parts. The results indicated that the filter aas effective in removing contaminants such as oil and grease and suspended solids from the process solution, thus extending the life-span of the bath up to three times. The process bath, however, bad to be replenished with, surfactant additives to compensate for those removed by the filter. The fouled membrane could be effectively cleaned with its permeability fully restored for reuse. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Ferguson, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1002/ep.670200216 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 457JC UT WOS:000170132800011 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Macroscopic thermodynamics of equilibrium characterized by power law canonical distributions SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Macroscopic thermodynamics of equilibrium is constructed for systems obeying power law canonical distributions. With this, the connection between macroscopic thermodynamics and microscopic statistical thermodynamics is generalized. This is complementary to the Gibbs theorem for the celebrated exponential canonical distributions of systems in contact with the heat bath. Thereby, a thermodynamic basis is provided for power law phenomena ubiquitous in nature. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Chiba 2748501, Japan. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00373-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 450TU UT WOS:000169759800002 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N AF Bernstein, N TI Linear scaling nonorthogonal tight-binding molecular dynamics for nonperiodic systems SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION; DENSITY-MATRIX METHOD; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; LENGTH SCALES; KINK MOTION; SILICON; SI; SIMULATION; CONTINUUM AB I present a method for efficiently calculating atomic forces from nonorthogonal tight-binding models. This method is applicable to systems that cannot be described by a periodic supercell. I use the method to determine the temperature-dependent structure of a silicon screw dislocation core. The core reconstruction changes with temperature; a broad, disordered core with many coordination defects appears at high temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 55 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00380-5 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 450TU UT WOS:000169759800009 ER PT J AU Schafer, FW Binmoeller, KF AF Schafer, FW Binmoeller, KF TI Peri-minor-ampullary diverticulum SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Schafer, FW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 449GP UT WOS:000169676200018 ER PT J AU Parker, SE Monteith, D Horton, H Hof, R Hernandez, P Vilalta, A Hartikka, J Hobart, P Bentley, CE Chang, A Hedstrom, R Rogers, WO Kumar, S Hoffman, SL Norman, JA AF Parker, SE Monteith, D Horton, H Hof, R Hernandez, P Vilalta, A Hartikka, J Hobart, P Bentley, CE Chang, A Hedstrom, R Rogers, WO Kumar, S Hoffman, SL Norman, JA TI Safety of a GM-CSF adjuvant-plasmid DNA malaria vaccine SO GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article DE plasmid DNA vaccine; GM-CSF; malaria; safety ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; IN-VIVO TRANSFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; EXPRESSION VECTOR; VIRUS-INFECTION; DENDRITIC CELLS; GENE-THERAPY AB MuStDO 5 is a multivalent plasmid DNA vaccine for malaria comprised of five plasmid DNAs encoding five proteins from Plasmodium falciparum and one plasmid DNA encoding human GM-CSF. To evaluate the safety of MuStDO 5, a series of pre-clinical studies were conducted in mice and rabbits. In pharmacology studies in mice, GM-CSF could not be detected in the serum following either intramuscular or a combined intramuscular/intradermal administration of the vaccine, but was readily detected in the muscle following intramuscular administration. In a tissue distribution study in mice, MuStDO 5 plasmid DNA was detected by PCR initially in highly vascularized tissues, while at later time-points the plasmid DNA was detected primarily at the site(s) of injection. In GLP safety studies in mice and rabbits, repeated intramuscular/intradermal administration of the MuStDO 5 vaccine was found to be safe and well tolerated without any evidence of autoimmune pathology. C1 Vical Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Sierra Biomed, San Diego, CA USA. BioReliance Inc, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Parker, SE (reprint author), Vical Inc, 9373 Towne Ctr Dr,Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RI Hartikka, Jukka/J-9006-2014 OI Hartikka, Jukka/0000-0002-5143-2036 NR 49 TC 50 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0969-7128 J9 GENE THER JI Gene Ther. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 8 IS 13 BP 1011 EP 1023 DI 10.1038/sj.gt.3301491 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 447TL UT WOS:000169588500006 PM 11438836 ER PT J AU Yencha, MW Walker, CW Karakla, DW Simko, EJ AF Yencha, MW Walker, CW Karakla, DW Simko, EJ TI Cutaneous botryomycosis of the cervicofacial region SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Article DE botryomycosis; osteomyelitis; head & neck; cutaneous; bacterial infection; mandible AB Background. Botryomycosis isa rare. chronic, bacterial infection of insidious onset involving the integument or viscera that often mimics actinomycosis or a deep fungal infection. The pathogenesis is thought to be a symbiotic relationship between the host and the infecting organism. Methods. Case report of a patient with a chronic infection involving the cervicofacial region diagnosed as cutaneous botryomycosis arising from a chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible. The diagnosis was based on the chronicity of the infection along with the identification of botryomycotic (bacteria-containing) granules on histopathologic examination. Special stains excluded fungi and mycobacterium. Cultures identified the offending bacterial and antibiotic therapy was initiated on the basis of the sensitivities, resulting in resolution of this chronic infectious process. A review of the English language literature revealed that this is the first case of cutaneous botryomycosis arising from a chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible. Results. Medical therapy proved curative at 14 months follow-up. Surgery was performed for diagnostic purposes only. Conclusions. Botryomycosis is exceedingly rare in the head and neck, and consideration of this entity in the differential diagnosis is critical to the diagnosis. The mainstay of therapy is medical with surgery reserved for biopsy and/or excision of persistent disease. Published 2001 John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Head Neck 23: 594-598, 2001.* C1 Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Surg, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. Naval Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Great Lakes, IL USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Yencha, MW (reprint author), Naval Hosp Pensacola, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Surg, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD JUL PY 2001 VL 23 IS 7 BP 594 EP 598 DI 10.1002/hed.1083 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 444LM UT WOS:000169401000011 PM 11400249 ER PT J AU Nuttall, AH Cray, BA AF Nuttall, AH Cray, BA TI Approximations to directivity for linear, planar, and volumetric apertures and arrays SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic arrays; acoustic beams; antenna theory; dipole arrays AB Even after decades of sonar design, approximations to the directivity factor (DF) or index of an array, are often used inappropriately. Many of the approximations commonly used provide accurate directivity approximations for only the simplest of array geometries. As the array's size, shape, weighting, and complexity increase, there is a renewed need for better directivity approximations. Directivity is defined as the ratio of the output signal-to-noise (SNR) of an array to the input SNR at an omnidirectional element in a spherically isotropic noise field. Calculation of directivity is obtained by integrating the magnitude-squared response of the array over all angles of incidence. In spherical coordinates, these arrival angles are denoted by an azimuthal angle theta and a polar angle phi. Hence, calculation of the directivity requires a two-fold integration over the angular space defined by the azimuthal and polar angles. For complex, large-size arrays consisting of thousands of array elements, directivity calculations using numerical integration procedures can be time consuming, even on state-of-the-art computing systems. This report provides a number of accurate formulas for estimating the directivity of linear, planar, and volumetric apertures and arrays, which are allowed to have arbitrary shading coefficients, steering angles, and directional array element responses. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Nuttall, AH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 26 IS 3 BP 383 EP 398 DI 10.1109/48.946512 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 468DE UT WOS:000170742200008 ER PT J AU Teague, CC Vesecky, JR Hallock, ZR AF Teague, CC Vesecky, JR Hallock, ZR TI A comparison of multifrequency HF radar and ADCP measurements of near-surface currents during COPE-3 SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE HR radar; radio oceanography; ocean current; current shear; COPE-3; MUSIC AB A high-frequency multifrequency coastal radar operating at four frequencies between 4.8 and 21.8 MHz was used as part of the third Chesapeake Bay Outflow Plume Experiment (COPE-3) during October and November, 1997. The radar system surveyed the open ocean east of the coast and just south of the mouth of Chesapeake Bay from two sites separated by about 20 km. Measurements were taken once an hour, and the eastward and northward components of ocean currents were estimated at four depths ranging from about 0.5 in to 2.5 in below the surface for each location on a 2 by 2 km grid. Direction of arrival of the signals was estimated using the MUSIC algorithm. The radar measurements were compared to currents measured by several moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) with range bins 2-14 in below the water surface. The vertical structure of the current was examined by utilizing four different radar wavelengths, which respond to ocean currents at different depths, and by using several ADCP range bins separated by 1-m intervals. The radar and ADCP current estimates were highly correlated and showed similar depth behavior, and there was significant correlation between radar current estimates at different wavelengths and wind speed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, CC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 26 IS 3 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1109/48.946513 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 468DE UT WOS:000170742200009 ER PT J AU Beadie, G Rabinovich, WS Ding, YJ AF Beadie, G Rabinovich, WS Ding, YJ TI Transversely pumped nonlinear conversion structure which generates counterpropagating guided waves: Theory and numerical modeling SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE coupled mode analysis; distributed feedback oscillators; nonlinear optics; optical phase matching; optical planar waveguides; optical parametric oscillators; transfer function matrices ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; PARAMETRIC OSCILLATION; SEMICONDUCTOR; ALXGA1-XAS; LASER; SYSTEM AB A transversely pumped, nonlinear conversion structure which generates counterpropagating, guided signal and idler beams is examined. Existing scalar theory is extended to include the vector nature of the electromagnetic fields. Based on these results, a detailed simulation of proposed GaAs-AlGaAs structures is described. The results of the simulations highlight pitfalls not obvious in the original work, The simulations indicate, however, that proper design of the structure should provide a compact, highly efficient method of nonlinear optical conversion. In particular, a structure designed to convert light at 980 nm to light at 1.55 mum is predicted to have a threshold intensity of 4.9 MW/cm(2), which is comparable to thresholds observed in parametric oscillators which use periodically poled lithium niobate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Beadie, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 7 BP 863 EP 872 DI 10.1109/3.929585 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 444KH UT WOS:000169398300003 ER PT J AU Pace, PE Nash, MD Zulaica, DP Di Mattesa, AA Hosmer, A AF Pace, PE Nash, MD Zulaica, DP Di Mattesa, AA Hosmer, A TI Relative targeting architectures for captive-carry HIL missile simulator experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Captive-carry electronic warfare (EW) tests evaluate the response of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) missile seekers to an actual environment (test-range) including the presence of electronic attack. This paper describes a relative targeting architecture that displays the test-range results in geodetic coordinates using only the sensors available on board the captive-carry platform (GPS, INS, seekers). To derive the target position in geodetic coordinates, a lever-arm correction process is described that determines the position of each seeker and the corresponding pitch and yaw of the simulator. Combining the positional parameters of the seeker with its targeting variables, the seeker track point is displayed in geodetic coordinates. A track tagging algorithm is presented to identify the true target from the EW disruption using the drift angle from the inertial navigation system (INS). To eliminate the scintillation noise present In the track image, a Kalman filter in sensor coordinates is applied to the targeting variables allowing optimization of the track tagging. Experimental results from a recent EW field test using antiship cruise missile simulators are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for determining EW effectiveness in near real-time. Targeting accuracy is also quantified by comparing the derived target position with the true Global Positioning System (GPS) test-range position of the ship in the absence of electronic attack. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-PC,1 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 810 EP 823 DI 10.1109/7.953238 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 477VQ UT WOS:000171305300004 ER PT J AU Li, J Wu, RB Chen, VC AF Li, J Wu, RB Chen, VC TI Robust autofocus algorithm for ISAR imaging of moving targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL ESTIMATION METHODS; PHASE CORRECTION; RADAR; SAR; AIRCRAFT; IMAGES; ARRAY AB A robust autofocus approach, referred to as AUTOCLEAN (AUTOfocus via CLEAN), is proposed for the motion compensation in ISAR (inverse synthetic aperture radar) imaging of moving targets. It is a parametric algorithm based on a very flexible data model which takes into account arbitrary range migration and arbitrary phase errors across the synthetic aperture that may be induced by unwanted radial motion of the target as well as propagation or system instability. AUTOCLEAN can be classified as a multiple scatterer algorithm (WA), but it differs considerably from other existing MSAs in several aspects. 1) Dominant scatterers are selected automatically in the two-dimensional (2-D) image domain; 2) scatterers may not be well isolated or very dominant; 3) phase and RCS (radar cross section) information from each selected scatterer are combined in an optimal way; 4) the troublesome phase unwrapping step is avoided. AUTOCLEAN is computationally efficient and involves only a sequence of FFTs (fast Fourier transforms). Another good feature associated with AUTOCLEAN is that its performance can be progressively improved by assuming a larger number of dominant scatterers for the target. Numerical and experimental results have shown that AUTOCLEAN is a very robust autofocus tool for ISAR imaging. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, POB 116130, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM li@dsp.ufl.edu NR 41 TC 44 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1056 EP 1069 DI 10.1109/7.953256 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 477VQ UT WOS:000171305300022 ER PT J AU Rowe, NC Grewe, LL AF Rowe, NC Grewe, LL TI Change detection for linear features in aerial photographs using edge-finding SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aerial photography; change analysis; edges; registration ID LAND-COVER; SYSTEM; IMAGES AB We describe a system for automatic change detection of linear features such as roads and buildings in aerial photographs. Rather than compare pixels, we match major line segments and note those without counterparts. Experiments show our methods to be promising for images of around 2-m resolution. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2001 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1608 EP 1612 DI 10.1109/36.934092 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 457EE UT WOS:000170123500027 ER PT J AU Christodoulides, JA Farber, P Daniil, M Okumura, H Hadjipanayis, GC Skumryev, V Simopoulos, A Weller, D AF Christodoulides, JA Farber, P Daniil, M Okumura, H Hadjipanayis, GC Skumryev, V Simopoulos, A Weller, D TI Magnetic, structural and microstructural properties of FePt/M (M = C, BN) granular films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE FePt; recording media; thin films ID DENSITY RECORDING MEDIA; THIN-FILMS; COPT; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Nanocomposite FePt/C and FePt/BN thin films have been fabricated by dc and rf magnetron sputtering on naturally-oxidized Si (100) substrates. Particles consisting of the highly anisotropic tetragonal L1(0) FePt phase were obtained by annealing the as-made multilayers by a conventional vacuum furnace in the temperature range of 500 to 800 degreesC. By controlling the annealing conditions, samples with grain size in the range of 3 to 20 nm were obtained, with coercivities between 2 and 16 kOe. The evolution of crystal structure during annealing at 600 degreesC was studied in FePt/C and the dependence of a, c and c/a on annealing time were determined. These data were used to estimate the degree of ordering which was found to increase with aging, but with a maximum value less than the bulk value, explaining thus the lower H-C in the nanoparticles. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Mat Sci, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Seagate Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15203 USA. RP Christodoulides, JA (reprint author), NRL, Washington, DC USA. RI Skumryev, Vassil/B-1440-2012 OI Skumryev, Vassil/0000-0003-1375-4824 NR 11 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1294 DI 10.1109/20.950821 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900021 ER PT J AU Liu, YK Harris, VG Kryder, MH AF Liu, YK Harris, VG Kryder, MH TI Evolutions of magnetic and structural properties of FeAlN thin films via N doping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS); magnetic recording heads; soft ferromagnetic materials; sputtered FeAlN thin films AB The effects of N doping on the magnetic and structural properties of a series of 100 mn FeAlN films sputtered in the presence of N-2 partial pressures were investigated. Increasing N doping increased film resistivity but decreased M-s. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectra of the short-range atomic order in the Fe(Al) lattices directly indicated that the N went into octahedral sites of bcc: Fe and fcc Fe in alpha -Fe and gamma ' -Fe4N phases, respectively, and triggered the order-disorder phase transition observed in x-ray theta -2 theta diffraction spectra. Mild N doping decreased the grain size and reduced H-c. It also increased the local atomic disorder, which coincided with the maximal value of K-u and the in-plane anisotropic behaviors of as-deposited films. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, YK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1779 EP 1782 DI 10.1109/20.950966 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900166 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Wu, TW Yen, BK Marchon, B Barnard, JA AF Scharf, TW Wu, TW Yen, BK Marchon, B Barnard, JA TI Mechanical strength and wear resistance of 5 nm IBD carbon overcoats for magnetic disks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE failure; film structure; ion beam deposited carbon films; wear strength ID FILMS AB A micro-wear scan technique has been used to evaluate the tribological properties and adhesion strength of ion beam deposited (IBD) CHx CHxNy, and sputtered CHx overcoats on magnetic recording disks. IBD carbon films with N content of 0-21% were deposited using different power conditions. High resolution SEM was utilized to determine the failure mechanisms and critical loads. The critical load increased with the deposition power and the nitrogen content in the films. The latter trend was somewhat surprising since the overcoat density and hardness decreased with nitrogen concentration. C1 Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. IBM, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95123 USA. RP Scharf, TW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Marchon, Bruno/H-5665-2013 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1792 EP 1794 DI 10.1109/20.950970 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900170 ER PT J AU Cheng, SF Nadgorny, B Bussmann, K Carpenter, EE Das, BN Trotter, G Raphael, MP Harris, VG AF Cheng, SF Nadgorny, B Bussmann, K Carpenter, EE Das, BN Trotter, G Raphael, MP Harris, VG TI Growth and magnetic properties of single crystal Co2MnX (X = Si, Ge) Heusler alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX DE Co2MnGe; Co2MnSi; Hensler alloy; spin polarization ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNETS; SPIN POLARIZATION; TRANSPORT AB Half-metallic (HM) ferromagnetic materials have recently drawn intense interests due to their potential use in magnetoelectronic devices. Co-based Heusler alloys of the type Co2MnX (X = Si, Ge), predicted to be EM by first principles band structure calculations, are of particular interest since they alone possess Curie temperatures in excess of 900 K. Since the spin polarization (P) is believed to be sensitive to antisite defects that are likely to occur in vapor-quenched thin film synthesis, single crystals of Co-2 MnX (X = Si, Ge) were prepared using the tri-arc Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction, including Laue backscattering, was employed to determine the high crystalline quality of these crystals. SQUID magnetometry measured a magnetic moment per formular unit that is close to the calculated value indicating that these alloys may in fact be EM. However, point contact Andreev reflection, a technique that has reliably measured high P in CrO2, measures P values for these crystals of 50-60%, well below their theoretical values. The reduced spin polarization may be due to the effects of crystal symmetry breaking at the surface or the presence of antisite defects, or that these materials are not truly half-metallic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM chengs@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; harris@zoltar.nrl.navy.mil RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 10 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2176 EP 2178 DI 10.1109/20.951116 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900290 ER PT J AU Kopcewicz, M Grabias, A Willard, MA Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME AF Kopcewicz, M Grabias, A Willard, MA Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME TI Mossbauer measurements for a nanocrystalline Fe44Co44Zr7B4Cu1 alloy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE HITPERM; Mossbauer; nanocrystalline soft magnetic material ID SPECTRA; MAGNETS AB A two phase microstructure, consisting of nanocrystallites surrounded by an amorphous matrix, was produced by a melt spinning processing route. Alloys of this type have extrinsic properties that are dependent on the relative amounts of the amorphous and nanocrystalline phases. One method for examination of the properties of the nanocrystalline and amorphous phases is by Mossbauer spectroscopy. This paper examines ribbons with the composition of Fe44Co44Zr7B4Cu1, both as-spun and after annealing at 650 degreesC for 1 hour. Three Mossbauer techniques were used to examine these materials, including: transmission measurements, conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy, and radio frequency Mossbauer. The transmission spectrum for the annealed HITPERM alloy is composed of two superimposed sextets corresponding to the nanocrystalline FeCo and retained amorphous phases. The rf-Mossbauer results fail to show collapse of the sextet, indicating a large magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the nanocrystalline phase. C1 Inst Elect Mat Technol, PL-01919 Warsaw, Poland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kopcewicz, M (reprint author), Inst Elect Mat Technol, Wolczynska Str 133, PL-01919 Warsaw, Poland. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2226 EP 2228 DI 10.1109/20.951131 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900305 ER PT J AU Hsiao, AC McHenry, ME Laughlin, DE Tamoria, MR Harris, VG AF Hsiao, AC McHenry, ME Laughlin, DE Tamoria, MR Harris, VG TI Magnetic properties and crystallization kinetics of a Mn-doped FINEMET precursor amorphous alloy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE crystallization kinetics; magnetic anisotropy; magnetization vs. time; Mn-doped FINEMET ID NANOCRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS AB The kinetics of nanocrystallization of a Mn-doped FINEMET alloy from its amorphous precursor is reported. The alloy studied was of a composition (Fe1-xMnx)(73.5)Nb3CuSi13.5B9 where x = 0.05. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that alpha -FeSi is the product of primary nanocrystallization. Crystallization kinetics were studied using time-dependent magnetization, M(t), as a measure of the volume fraction crystallized. This data was taken using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermal analysis employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Primary crystallization for the Mn-doped FINEMET alloy was found to occur at 505 degreesC, for DSC data taken at a heating rate of 10 degreesC/min. Fits to the Kissinger equation for constant heating transformations yield an activation energy for crystallization of 3.4 eV. VSM measurements of isothermal M(t) show that the maximum volume fraction transformed was reached at 20 min. Measurements of magnetic anisotropy as a function of time probe the structural evolution of the material upon nanocrystallization. Measurements show stress relaxation occurring at 20 minutes at 490 degreesC, coinciding with the maximum volume fraction crystallized. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hsiao, AC (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2236 EP 2238 DI 10.1109/20.951134 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900308 ER PT J AU Johnson, F Hughes, P Gallagher, R Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME Willard, MA Harris, VG AF Johnson, F Hughes, P Gallagher, R Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME Willard, MA Harris, VG TI Structure and thermomagnetic properties of new FeCo-based nanocrystalline ferromagnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE FeCo alloys; nanocrystals; soft magnetic alloys ID EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-SIZE; ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE AB FeCo-based ferromagnetic alloys (HIT-PERM variants) of composition Fe44.5Co44.5Zr7B4, Fe44Co44Zr5.7B3.3Ta2Cu1, Fe44Co44Zr5.7B3.3Mo2Cu1, and Fe37.2Co30.8Zr7B4Cu1 were prepared by melt-spinning amorphous precursors, followed by nanocrystallization. Samples were characterized using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). VSM was used to measure magnetization vs. temperature from 370-1260 K. Magnetic data showed structural and magnetic phase transitions including primary and secondary crystallization events and the to a structural phase transition in FeCo nanocrystals. Th and Mo were observed to suppress the to a transition temperature of FeCo. The Fe : Co 65 : 35 alloy exhibits significant curvature in M(T) indicating proximity of the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition and the alpha to gamma transition. XRD phase analysis identified crystallized phases as alpha -FeCo, (Fe,Co)(3)Zr, in agreement with previous reports for unmodified HITPERM alloys. DSC data, analyzed using the Kissinger technique, indicated that the removal of Cu from the original HITPERM composition increased the activation energy for primary crystallization, whereas Th and Mo substitutions decrease the activation energy. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Naval Res Lab, Complex Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, F (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2261 EP 2263 DI 10.1109/20.951142 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900316 ER PT J AU Tamoria, MR Carpenter, EE Miller, MM Claassen, JH Das, BN Stroud, RM Kurihara, LK Everett, RK Willard, MA Hsiao, AC McHenry, ME Harris, VG AF Tamoria, MR Carpenter, EE Miller, MM Claassen, JH Das, BN Stroud, RM Kurihara, LK Everett, RK Willard, MA Hsiao, AC McHenry, ME Harris, VG TI Magnetism, structure and the effects of thermal aging on (Fe1-xMnx)(73.5)Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1 alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE composites; exchange coupling; nanostructures; permeability; soft ferromagnets AB Amorphous alloys of (Fe1-xMnx)(73.5) Si13.5B9 Nb3Cu1, where x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, were prepared by vacuum melt-spinning. Anneals performed at or above the crystallization temperature led to the formation of a nanostructure where the primary phase is a body centered cubic or DO3 FeSi phase embedded within an intergranular amorphous phase. The saturation induction of the x = 0.05 alloy is 1.19 T, slightly lower than the parent alloy. Prolonged thermal aging led to an enhancement in the soft magnetic properties. This change occurs at soak times near 6000 s and corresponds to a decrease in the anisotropy and coercivity, and an increase in the remanent magnetization. EXAFS studies suggest that the Mn partitions during crystallization and thermal aging to the grain boundary regions may play an important role in enhancing the exchange coupling of the aged samples by increasing the Curie temperature of the amorphous intergranular phase. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Tamoria, MR (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318; Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2264 EP 2267 DI 10.1109/20.951143 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900317 ER PT J AU De Graef, M Willard, MA Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME AF De Graef, M Willard, MA Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME TI Lorentz microscopy observations of a nanocrystalline Fe44Co44Zr7B4Cu1 alloy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE magnetic domains; nanocrystalline; phase reconstruction; soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloy AB Domain imaging of soft magnetic materials by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is difficult due to the potentially saturating field of the microscope's objective lens. Energy filtered Lorentz microscopy provides a low field, high resolution domain imaging solution for soft magnetic materials. This technique was successfully applied to a soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloy to examine the domain configurations in a thin foil sample. A sample with composition Fe44Co44Zr7B4Cu1 annealed at 650 degreesC for one hour was examined. Both Foucault and Fresnel methods were used to develop a clear picture of the relationship between the microstructure and domain structure of this alloy. Magnetic domain maps were created showing some regions of the sample with irregularly shaped domains, which are characteristic of amorphous alloys. Other regions contained relatively large grains with the magnetization in a circular in-plane configuration (presumably due to shape anisotropy). C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2343 EP 2346 DI 10.1109/20.951167 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900341 ER PT J AU Hu, G Harris, VG Suzuki, Y AF Hu, G Harris, VG Suzuki, Y TI Microstructure and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE antiphase boundaries; cobalt ferrite; phase segregation; superparamagnetic ID FE3O4 FILMS; BEHAVIOR AB In contrast to films grown on spinel structure substrates, epitaxial cobalt ferrite films grown on MgO substrates provide a model system to study the effects of microstructural defects on the magnetic properties. The anomalous magnetic behaviors observed in as-grown films are explained by the structural and magnetic disorder across the antiphase boundaries. During post deposition annealing, magnesium interdiffusion between the cobalt ferrite film and underlying substrate was observed and resulted in phase segregation. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hu, G (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2347 EP 2349 DI 10.1109/20.951168 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900342 ER PT J AU Li, SC Liu, LM John, VT O'Connor, CJ Harris, VG AF Li, SC Liu, LM John, VT O'Connor, CJ Harris, VG TI Cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles: Correlations between synthesis procedures, structural characteristics and magnetic properties SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE cobalt-ferrite; EXAFS; nanoparticles; superparamagnetism ID PARTICLES AB Cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles of size 10 to 15 nm have been synthesized in water-in-oil microemulsions (i.e., reverse micelles). When the Co2+/Fe2+ molar ratio in the precursor solution reaches 1 : I and above, the resultant oxides are identified as having the cobalt ferrite structure. By increasing the Co2+/Fe2+ molar ratio in the precursor from 1: 1 to 2: 1, the atomic ratio of Co : Fe in the resultant ferrite increases from 0.83 to 1.31. The Co site occupancy is also dependent on the Co2+/Fe2+ molar ratio in the precursor. The materials are found to exhibit superparamagnetism. The blocking temperatures and coercivities are dependent upon the Co2+/Fe3+ ratio, reaching values as high as 55 K and 7500 G at 10 K, respectively. The correlation between synthesis procedure, site occupancy and magnetic properties enables the control of materials properties through such synthesis. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Li, SC (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; John, Vijay/G-3747-2010 NR 10 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2350 EP 2352 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900343 ER PT J AU De Graef, M Willard, MA McHenry, ME Zhu, YM AF De Graef, M Willard, MA McHenry, ME Zhu, YM TI In-situ Lorentz TEM cooling study of magnetic domain configurations in Ni2MnGa SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE ferromagnetic shape memory alloy; magnetic domains; phase reconstruction; phase transformation ID PHASE AB Magnetic domain configurations in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni2MnGa are analyzed by means of Lorentz microscopy and noninterferometric phase reconstruction methods. Domain structures in the cubic phase consist of cross-tie walls in the thinnest portions of the foil, and more complex configurations in thicker regions. At low temperature, the magnetization configurations change as the structure transforms martensitically to a tetragonal phase. A simple model for the magnetization changes is proposed. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009; McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009; DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012; DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2663 EP 2665 DI 10.1109/20.951267 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900441 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA Cullen, JR AF Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA Cullen, JR TI Effect of quenching on the magnetostriction of Fe1-xGax (0.13 < x < 0.21) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE actuator; iron-gallium alloys; magnetostriction; structural materials; transduction AB The magnetostriction (lambda (100)) of b.c.c. Fe is increased over 10-fold at room temperature by the substitution of similar to 20% gallium for Fe. Fe1-x Ga-x alloyswith x between 0.19 and 0.214 that are quenched from 800 degreesC exhibit magnetostrictions similar to 25 % higher than those furnace-cooled at 10 degrees /min. We propose that this great increase of magnetostriction above that of Fe in Fe-Ga alloys is not due to conventional magnetoelastic effects but due to the substitutive presence of asymmetrically shaped clusters of the Ga atoms. As the concentration of solute atoms approaches 25%, the lattice becomes relaxed with formation of a more ordered structure and the magnetostriction decreases in value. C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 182 Z9 201 U1 5 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2678 EP 2680 DI 10.1109/20.951272 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900446 ER PT J AU Wiegert, RF Levy, M AF Wiegert, RF Levy, M TI Temperature dependence and annealing effects on magnetoelastic SAW attenuation and magnetoresistance in Ni films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS ID WAVES AB The magnetic field dependencies of 600 MHz magnetoelastic Rayleigh-mode surface acoustic wave (SAW) attenuation and de magnetoresistance of Ni thin films were measured as a function of temperature and correlated with variations of the samples' anisotropy field. Thin film samples (< 20 mn) were prepared by thermal evaporation in a technical vacuum of 10(-7) Torr onto ST-cut, X-propagating single-crystal quartz substrates. The piezoelectric substrates were equipped with 1.5 mum interdigital transducers and contacts for measuring the samples' microwave SAW attenuation and de magnetoresistance in situ. The temperature dependence of as-deposited samples was measured between 237-400 K and for in-film-plane applied fields between +/- 90 Oe. Heating the samples to about 380 K produced substantial permanent improvements (> 10 dB/cm) in SAW attenuation response. This effect may be due to irreversible magnetoelastic annealing effects between the thin film and substrate. After annealing, the subsequent temperature dependence of sample response repeatably correlated with a linear (-0.6 Oe/K) temperature dependence of the samples' uniaxial anisotropy field. The temperature dependent anisotropy may be caused by the combined effects of the magnetostriction and differential thermal expansion between the polycrystalline Ni films and the anisotropic quartz substrates. These effects can be used to provide a method for enhancement of sample magnetoelastic SAW attenuation and magnetoresistive response by controlling the magnitude and direction of the sample's anisotropy field. C1 USN, CSS, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Wiegert, RF (reprint author), USN, CSS, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2708 EP 2711 DI 10.1109/20.951282 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900456 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Mazin, II AF Singh, DJ Mazin, II TI Magnetism and magnetoelastic coupling in layered ruthenates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials International Magnetics Conference (MMM-INTERMAG) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE magnetoelasticity; ruthenates ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PEROVSKITES; FERROMAGNETISM; SR3RU2O7; CRYSTAL; SYSTEM AB Various recent experimental investigations have identified the metallic bi-layer ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7 as a paramagnet near a ferromagnetic instability, a ferromagnet with Tc above 100K and a paramagnet with presumably antiferromagnetic ordering below 20K. Here we present density functional investigations of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of this compound. We find quite strong magnetoelastic coupling so that the magnetic properties are highly sensitive to the crystal structure. With the initially reported tetragonal structure, we find Sr3Ru2O7 to be on the verge of a ferromagnetic Stoner instability. However, using a recent neutron refined orthorhombic structure, it becomes magnetic. We find strong in-plane ferromagnetic couplings of an itinerant nature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 2721 EP 2723 DI 10.1109/20.951286 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 471CW UT WOS:000170910900460 ER PT J AU Tulchinsky, DA Matthews, PJ AF Tulchinsky, DA Matthews, PJ TI Ultrawide-band fiber-optic control of a millimeter-wave transmit beamformer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE array signal processing; millimeter-wave antenna arrays; millimeter-wave radar optical fiber delay lines; optical-fiber dispersion ID ANTENNA AB An ultrawide-band fiber-optic true time-delay millimeter-wave array transmitter is fully characterized and demonstrated in this paper. The beamformer is based on dispersive-prism optical-delay lines and exhibits squint-free +/- 60 degrees steering in azimuth across the entire Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz). This is believed to be the first fully functioning demonstration of a photonically controlled wide-band millimeter-wave transmitter system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5651, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1248 EP 1253 DI 10.1109/22.932243 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 451RU UT WOS:000169815700005 ER PT J AU MacMullen, A Hoover, LR Justice, RD Callahan, BS AF MacMullen, A Hoover, LR Justice, RD Callahan, BS TI A programmable ultra-low noise X-band exciter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB A programmable ultra-low noise X-band exciter has been developed using commercial off-the-shelf components. Its phase noise is more than 10 dB below the best available microwave synthesizers. It covers a 7% frequency band with 0.1-Hz resolution. The X-band output at +23 dBm is a combination of signals from an X-band sapphire-loaded cavity oscillator (SLCO), a low noise UHF frequency synthesizer, and special-purpose frequency translation and up-conversion circuitry. C1 Technol Serv Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA. Technol Serv Corp, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP MacMullen, A (reprint author), Technol Serv Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2001 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1072 EP 1078 DI 10.1109/58.935725 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 452RX UT WOS:000169873500027 PM 11477765 ER PT J AU Wang, L Richie, TL Stowers, A Nhan, DH Coppel, RL AF Wang, L Richie, TL Stowers, A Nhan, DH Coppel, RL TI Naturally acquired antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 4 in a population living in an area of endemicity in Vietnam SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G3 SUBCLASS; CARBOXY-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; FACTOR-LIKE DOMAIN; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; UNSTABLE MALARIA; SERUM ANTIBODIES AB Merozoite surface protein 4 (MSP4) of Plasmodium falciparum is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored integral membrane protein that is being developed as a component of a subunit vaccine against malaria. We report here the measurement of naturally acquired antibodies to MSP4 in a population of individuals living in the Khanh-Hoa region of Vietnam, an area where malaria is highly endemic. Antibodies to MSP4 were detected in 94% of the study population at titers of 1:5,000 or greater. Two forms of recombinant MSP4 produced in either Escherichia call or Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared as substrates in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was an excellent correlation between reactivity measured to either, although the yeast substrate was recognized by a higher percentage of sera. Four different regions of MSP 1 were recognized by human antibodies, demonstrating that there are at least four distinct epitopes in this protein, In the carboxyl terminus, where the single epidermal growth factor-like domain is located, the reactive epitope(s) was shown to be conformation dependent, as disruption of the disulfide bonds almost completely abolished reactivity with human antibodies. The anti-MSP4 antibodies were mainly of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 subclasses, suggesting that such antibodies may play a role in opsonization and complement-mediated lysis of free merozoites. Individuals in the study population were drug-cured and followed up for 6 months; no significant correlation was observed between the anti-MSP1 antibodies and the absence of parasitemia during the surveillance period. As a comparison, antibodies to MSPI19 a leading vaccine candidate, were measured, and no correlation with protection was observed in these individuals. The anti-MSP1(19) antibodies were predominantly of the IgG1 isotype, in contrast to the IgG3 predominance noted for MSP4. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Inst Microbiol Parasitol & Entomol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; NR 42 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 69 IS 7 BP 4390 EP 4397 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.7.4390-4397.2001 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 443HL UT WOS:000169335700025 PM 11401978 ER PT J AU Adams, JH Bashindzhagyan, GL Zatsepin, VI Merkin, MM Panasyuk, MM Samsonov, GA Sokol'skaya, NV Khein, LA AF Adams, JH Bashindzhagyan, GL Zatsepin, VI Merkin, MM Panasyuk, MM Samsonov, GA Sokol'skaya, NV Khein, LA TI The silicon matrix as a charge detector for the ATIC experiment SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BALLOON EXPERIMENT; SPECTRA AB The characteristics of the silicon matrix which is the main charge detector in the ATIC balloon experiment are reported. The ATIC spectrometer was designed to measure the elemental composition and energy spectra of primary cosmic rays in an energy range of 10(10) to 10(13) eV with individual charge resolution from protons to iron under high albedo conditions from the calorimeter. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Adams, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Panasyuk, Mikhail/E-2005-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Zatsepin, Victor/J-2287-2012 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CONSULTANTS BUREAU PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 455 EP 461 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 472CJ UT WOS:000170965400004 ER PT J AU Looney, RE Schrady, DA Brown, RL AF Looney, RE Schrady, DA Brown, RL TI Estimating the economic benefits of forward-engaged naval forces SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE military; cost effectiveness industries; petroleum-natural gas AB In preparing for the 1997 quadrennial defense review, US Navy leaders asked us if we could quantify the economic benefits of forward-engaged naval forces and communicate them to policy makers. Until this point, the only evidence of such benefits was anecdotal. Forward-engaged naval forces are US-based ships deployed to such areas as the Mediterranean Sea, the Persian Gulf, or the western Pacific Ocean. Forward engagement affords the opportunity to work with regional states in shaping the international security environment and also enables rapid response to unexpected crises. Using a methodology based on oil-futures prices, we estimated the economic benefits of crisis response by forward-engaged naval forces for the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. We showed that the economic benefits to the United States and its trading partners are conservatively in the tens of billions of dollars. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Joint Natl Test Facil, Schriever AFB, CO 80912 USA. RP Looney, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4 BP 74 EP 86 DI 10.1287/inte.31.4.74.9671 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 474RT UT WOS:000171121200009 ER PT J AU Yost, DS AF Yost, DS TI Russia's non-strategic nuclear forces SO INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB Several factors explain the high level of support for non-strategic nuclear forces (NSNF) in Russia and the correspondingly limited interest in NSNF arms control. These include Russia's conventional military weakness, NATO's conventional military superiority, political assessments that portray NATO as threatening to Russia, and the several important functions assigned to Russia's nuclear weapons and to NSNF in particular by Russian military doctrine and policy. The Russians have made it clear that they attach great importance to NSNF in a number of ways:in their preoccupations during the NATO-Russia Founding Act negotiations in 1996-7; in their recent military exercises; in their decisions regarding NSNF modernization; in their lack of transparency in implementing their 1991-2 commitments to reduce and eliminate certain types of NSNF; and in their discussions about possibly abandoning certain nuclear arms control commitments. Russian interests in using NSNF to deter powers other than NATO (such as China), to substitute for advanced non-nuclear precision-strike systems, and to 'de-escalate' regional conflicts (among other functions attributed to NSNF) would not be modified by the course of action some observers have advocated-a unilateral withdrawal of US NSNF from Europe. Such a withdrawal would, however, damage the Western alliance's security interests. NATO has adopted the most practical objective currently available: pursuing greater transparency regarding NSNF in the NATO-Russia Permanent Joint Council. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Yost, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-5850 J9 INT AFF JI Int. Aff. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 531 EP + DI 10.1111/1468-2346.00205 PG 22 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 455JE UT WOS:000170023100003 ER PT J AU Marzano, FS Turk, JF Ciotti, P Di Michele, S Pierdicca, N AF Marzano, FS Turk, JF Ciotti, P Di Michele, S Pierdicca, N TI Potential of combined spaceborne infrared and microwave radiometry for near real-time rainfall attenuation monitoring along earth-satellite links SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE rain attenuation modelling and prediction; spaceborne infrared and microwave radiometry; rainfall fade monitoring and mitigation ID PRECIPITATION RETRIEVAL; TROPICAL RAINFALL; PREDICTION; PROPAGATION; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The objective of this paper is to investigate how spaceborne remote sensors, and their derived products, can be exploited to optimize the performances of a satellite communication system in the presence of precipitating clouds along the path. The complementarity between sun-synchronous microwave (MW) and geostationary infrared (IR) radiometry for monitoring the earth's atmosphere is discussed and their potential as a rain detection system within near real-time countermeasure techniques for earth-satellite microwave links is analysed. A general approach, consisting in estimating rainfall intensity and attenuation by polar-orbiting microwave radiometers and temporally tracking the rainfall areas by geo-stationary infrared radiometers, is delineated. Multiple regression algorithms for predicting rainfall attenuation from spaceborne brightness temperatures and from surface rainrate, trained by radiative transfer and cloud models, are illustrated. A maximum likelihood technique is delineated to discriminate stratiform and convective rainfall from spaceborne brightness temperatures. The differences among attenuation estimates derived from layered raining-cloud structures with respect to those obtained from simple rain stabs, as recommended by ITU-R, are also quantified. A test of the proposed attenuation prediction methods is performed using raingage and Italsat data acquired in Spino d'Adda (Italy) during 1994. A description of the statistical method, based on the probability matching technique, adopted to combine MW and IR data for retrieving and tracking precipitating cloud systems in terms of path attenuation and accumulated rain at ground is finally provided together with its application to a case study over the Mediterranean area during October 1998. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Aquila, Fac Ingn, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Atmosfera, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Ingn Elettron, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RP Marzano, FS (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Fac Ingn, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr, Monteluco Roio, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0737-2884 J9 INT J SATELL COMMUN JI Int. J. Satell. Commun. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 385 EP 412 DI 10.1002/sat.676 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 458RN UT WOS:000170208500002 ER PT J AU Cobb, WW AF Cobb, WW TI Letter to Dr. Roca SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Program Execut Off, Theater Surface Combatants, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. RP Cobb, WW (reprint author), USN, Program Execut Off, Theater Surface Combatants, 2531 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: MANAGING EDITOR JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1-E254, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 206 EP 206 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 475XL UT WOS:000171195100002 ER PT J AU Goltsov, A Morozov, A Ping, Y Geltner, I Suckewer, S Feldman, U Jones, T Moore, C Seely, J Sprangle, P Ting, A Elton, R Krushelnik, K Zigler, A AF Goltsov, A Morozov, A Ping, Y Geltner, I Suckewer, S Feldman, U Jones, T Moore, C Seely, J Sprangle, P Ting, A Elton, R Krushelnik, K Zigler, A TI Lasing to ground state of ions in discharge created plasma in microcapillary SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL ST MALO, FRANCE SP Soc Francaise Phys, Soc Francaise Opt, Thomson CSF Lasers, Roper Sci (Princeton Instruments) ID X-RAY LASER; LI-III; PULSES; AMPLIFICATION; SCHEME AB The objective of this paper is to present the results of recent experiments on lasing to ground state in H-like LiIII ions in microcapillary plasma. The experiments were conducted at both Princeton University and NRL. Two methods were used to fill the microcapillaries with plasma: ablation of microcapillary walls when irradiated with a low power laser beam of a few ns duration, or fast electrical discharge. Powerful subpicosecond laser beams (with wavelength of 0.25 mum at Princeton University and 1.053 mum at NRL) were used for longitudinal pumping of microcapillary plasma following by the fast recombination and gain generation in the transition to ground state of hydrogen-like LiIII ions. In these experiments the dependence of the gain on the specific method of the preplasma creation, electric discharge versus low-power laser, pumping laser wavelength (0.248 mum versus 1.053 mum), and the geometry of the experiment (microcapillary dimensions and electrode design) were investigated. Results of these investigations are presented and discussed with the particular emphasis on the experiments with the lpm subpicosecond laser pumping of discharge-produced microcapillary plasma. C1 TRINITI, Kurchatov Inst, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20357 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Goltsov, A (reprint author), TRINITI, Kurchatov Inst, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD JUL PY 2001 VL 11 IS PR2 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1051/jp4:2001232 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 476CK UT WOS:000171208500034 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T Robins, RE Delisi, DP AF Sarpkaya, T Robins, RE Delisi, DP TI Wake-vortex Eddy-dissipation model predictions compared with observations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 10-15, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronatu & Astronaut ID EMPIRICAL-MODEL; VORTICES; DECAY; AIRCRAFT; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT AB The purpose of this paper is to describe the latest version of a wake-vortex eddy-dissipation model devised by T. Sarpkaya ("New Model for Vortex Decay in the Atmosphere," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2000, pp. 53-61.) and to compare its predictions with lidar observations obtained at Memphis and Dallas/Fort Worth airports. The model simulates the evolution of aircraft-generated trailing vortices in an atmospheric environment defined by vertical profiles of potential temperature, eddy-dissipation rate, and crosswind. Visual and quantitative comparisons of the time histories of altitude, circulation, and lateral position of predicted and measured vortices are presented. C1 Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, 700 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.2514/2.2820 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 461AX UT WOS:000170343700013 ER PT J AU Wilson, P Stewart, A Flournoy, V Zito, SW Vancura, A AF Wilson, P Stewart, A Flournoy, V Zito, SW Vancura, A TI Liquid chromatographic determination of nystatin in pharmaceutical preparations SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB A rapid, reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of nystatin in the bulk drug and a variety of dosage forms. Analysis was performed on a Symmetry C-18 reversed-phase column using a mobile phase of methanol-water-dimethylformamide (DMF; 55 + 30 + 15, v/v/v), with detection by UV at 305 nm. Quantitation is based on the sum of the peak areas of the 2 major isomers of nystatin. The linearity of the assay was determined for a concentration range of 0.05 to 0.2 mg/mL (correlation coefficient > 0.999). Accuracies and precision showed good reproducibility. C1 NRL, US FDA, Jamaica, NY 11433 USA. CDER, US FDA, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. St Johns Univ, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. RP Wilson, P (reprint author), NRL, US FDA, 158-15 Liberty Ave, Jamaica, NY 11433 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 84 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1055 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 457EG UT WOS:000170123700009 PM 11501904 ER PT J AU Kim, S Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Rhee, SJ White, JO Myoung, JM Kim, K Li, X Coleman, JJ Bishop, SG AF Kim, S Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Rhee, SJ White, JO Myoung, JM Kim, K Li, X Coleman, JJ Bishop, SG TI Effects of material growth technique and Mg doping on Er3+ photoluminescence in Er-implanted GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; 1.54-MU-M PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DOPED GAN; ERBIUM; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; EMISSION; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopies have been carried out at 6 K on the similar to 1540 nm I-4(13/2)-I-4(15/2) emissions of Er3+ in Er-implanted and annealed GaN. These studies revealed the existence of multiple Er3+ centers and associated PL spectra in Er-implanted GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, hydride vapor phase epitaxy, and molecular beam epitaxy. The results demonstrate that the multiple Er3+PL centers and below-gap defect-related absorption bands by which they are selectively excited are universal features of Er-implanted GaN grown by different techniques. It is suggested that implantation-induced defects common to all the GaN samples are responsible for the Er site distortions that give rise to the distinctive, selectively excited Er3+PL spectra. The investigations of selectively excited Er3+PL and PLE spectra have also been extended to Er-implanted samples of Mg-doped GaN grown by various techniques. In each of these samples, the so-called violet-pumped Er3+PL band and its associated broad violet PLE band are significantly enhanced relative to the PL and PLE of the other selectively excited Er3+PL centers. More importantly, the violet-pumped Er3+PL spectrum dominates the above-gap excited Er3+PL spectrum of Er-implanted Mg-doped GaN, whereas it was unobservable under above-gap excitation in Er-implanted undoped GaN. These results confirm the hypothesis that appropriate codopants can increase the efficiency of trap-mediated above-gap excitation of Er3+ emission in Er-implanted GaN. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bishop, SG (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011; Li, Xiuling/A-2240-2010 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 1 BP 252 EP 259 DI 10.1063/1.1378058 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 443UY UT WOS:000169361100038 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Melendez-Alvira, DJ Ganguli, G AF Reynolds, MA Melendez-Alvira, DJ Ganguli, G TI Equatorial coupling between the plasmasphere and the topside ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasmasphere-ionosphere coupling; exobase ID INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; THERMAL PLASMA; MODEL; ION; CONVECTION; FIELD AB A multispecies kinetic model of the thermal plasma in the plasmasphere is coupled to a parameterization of a fluid model of the ionosphere at the ion exobase, The hydrogen ion and helium ion density in the equatorial plane are found to exhibit local-time variations that are sensitive to the details of the exobase conditions, as well as to the details of the diurnal convection. In fact, the density enhancement in the post-midnight sector caused by convection can be overwhelmed if the local-time variation of the exobase is large enough. This result has implications for the interpretation and analysis of sunlight scattered by singly ionized helium ions to be measured by imaging satellites, as well as for the hydrogen ion density inferred from the measured helium ion density. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Ctr Study Terr & Extraterr Atmospheres, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1267 EP 1273 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00229-7 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 451LE UT WOS:000169802900015 ER PT J AU Pellenbarg, RE Max, MD AF Pellenbarg, RE Max, MD TI Gas hydrates: From laboratory curiosity to potential global powerhouse SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID NORTH C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MDS Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Pellenbarg, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 78 IS 7 BP 896 EP 900 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 442CR UT WOS:000169268100010 ER PT J AU Schafer, TW Bemiller, TA AF Schafer, TW Bemiller, TA TI Acute pancreatitis as the first presentation of ulcerative colitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CROHNS-DISEASE; ASSOCIATION C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Schafer, TW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 86 EP 87 DI 10.1097/00004836-200107000-00024 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 449DA UT WOS:000169668000024 PM 11418803 ER PT J AU Hobart, KD AF Hobart, KD TI Special issue on alternative substrate technology - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hobart, KD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 30 IS 7 BP 797 EP 797 DI 10.1007/s11664-001-0058-3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 453HT UT WOS:000169911000001 ER PT J AU Kipshidze, G Nikishin, S Kuryatkov, V Choi, K Gherasoiu, I Prokofyeva, T Holtz, M Temkin, H Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Fatemi, M AF Kipshidze, G Nikishin, S Kuryatkov, V Choi, K Gherasoiu, I Prokofyeva, T Holtz, M Temkin, H Hobart, KD Kub, FJ Fatemi, M TI High quality AlN and GaN grown on compliant Si/SiC substrates by gas source molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Alternative Substrate Technology CY JAN 22-25, 2001 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA DE Si/SiC; substrate; composite; AlN; GaN ID SI(111); LAYERS; MECHANISMS; AMMONIA; FILMS AB Epitaxial layers of AlN and GaN were grown by gas source molecular-beam epitaxy on a composite substrate consisting of a thin (250 nm) layer of silicon (Ill)bonded to a polycrystalline SiC substrate. Two dimensional growth modes of AlN and GaN were observed. We show that the plastic deformation of the thin Si layer results in initial relaxation of the AlN buffer layer and thus eliminates cracking of the epitaxial layer of GaN. Raman, x-ray diffraction, and cathodoluminescence measurements confirm the wurtzite structure of the GaN epilayer and the c-axis crystal growth orientation. The average stress in the GaN layer is estimated at 320 MPa. This is a factor of two less than the stress reported for HVPE growth on 6H-SiC(0001). C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kipshidze, G (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM Gela.Kipshidze@TTU.EDU RI Gherasoiu, Iulian/H-3369-2013 OI Gherasoiu, Iulian/0000-0003-2686-9196 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 30 IS 7 BP 825 EP 828 DI 10.1007/s11664-001-0065-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 453HT UT WOS:000169911000008 ER PT J AU Steinberg, ML AF Steinberg, ML TI Comparison of intelligent, adaptive, and nonlinear flight control laws SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTROL-SYSTEM; DESIGN AB Seven different nonlinear control laws for multiaxis control of a high-performance aircraft are compared in simulation. The control law approaches are fuzzy logic control, backstepping adaptive control, neural network augmented control, variable structure control, and indirect adaptive versions of model predictive control and dynamic inversion,In addition, a more conventional scheduled dynamic inversion control la,v is used as a baseline. In some of the cases, a stochastic genetic algorithm was used to optimize fixed parameters during design. The control laws are demonstrated on a six-degree-of-freedom simulation with nonlinear aerodynamic and engine models, actuator models with position and rate saturations, and turbulence. Simulation results include a variety of single- and multiple-axis maneuvers in normal operation and with failures or damage, The specific failure and damage cases that are examined include single and multiple lost surfaces, actuator hardovers, and an oscillating stabilator case. There are also substantial differences between the control law design and simulation models, which are used to demonstrate some robustness aspects of the different control laws. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Air Vehicle Dept, Aeromech Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Steinberg, ML (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Air Vehicle Dept, Aeromech Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 24 IS 4 BP 693 EP 699 DI 10.2514/2.4796 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 451KB UT WOS:000169800300007 ER PT J AU Kuhn, KM Dao, KD Shin, AY AF Kuhn, KM Dao, KD Shin, AY TI Volar A1 pulley approach for fixation of avulsion fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE proximal phalanx; avulsion fracture; volar approach; outcome ID METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT AB Avulsion fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx associated with collateral ligament instability, excluding the thumb, are relatively rare. While the indications for surgical intervention vary, dorsal approaches have been advocated despite the volar location of the fracture fragment and orientation of the collateral ligaments. Ten patients with 11 avulsion fractures at the base of the proximal phalanx associated with collateral ligament instability were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using a volar Al pulley approach. Anatomic restoration of the articular surface and collateral ligament stability were obtained in all patients. All fractures healed between 5 and 9 weeks (average, 6 weeks). After an average 19.4-month follow-up period all patients had full range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint, collateral ligament stability, and grip strength of at least 90% of the uninjured hand. No perioperative complications occurred. The average DASH score at last follow-up examination was 1.8 (range, 0-6). All patients were satisfied with the outcome of surgery. The volar Al pulley approach is a direct and effective approach for reduction and fixation of avulsion fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx associated with collateral ligament instability. Copyright (C) 2001 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kuhn, KM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 26A IS 4 BP 762 EP 771 DI 10.1053/jhsu.2001.24149 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 454QN UT WOS:000169983400027 PM 11466655 ER PT J AU Bradford, SF Katopodes, ND AF Bradford, SF Katopodes, ND TI Finite volume model for nonlevel basin irrigation SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; OVERLAND-FLOW; ELEMENT METHOD; SCHEMES; RUNUP; WAVES AB A finite volume model for unsteady, two-dimensional, shallow water flow is developed and applied to simulate the advance and infiltration of an irrigation wave in two-dimensional basins of complex topography. The fluxes are computed with Roe's approximate Riemann solver and the monotone upstream scheme for conservation laws is used in conjunction with predictor-corrector time-stepping to provide a second-order accurate solution. Flux-limiting is implemented to eliminate spurious oscillations and the model incorporates an efficient and robust scheme to capture the wetting and drying of the soil. Model predictions are compared with experimental data for one- and two-dimensional problems involving rough, impermeable, and permeable beds, including a poorly leveled basin. C1 USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Image Sci & Applicat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 127 IS 4 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2001)127:4(216) PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 457CG UT WOS:000170119100004 ER PT J AU Kiwus, CH Williams, TP AF Kiwus, CH Williams, TP TI Application of TQM to environmental construction SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Cost and schedule data were obtained for 40 environmental construction projects built for the United States Navy. Total Quality Management (TQM) techniques were used during the construction of 21 of the projects. The amount of cost escalation during construction, increases in project duration, and the level of supervisory effort required by Navy engineers are compared. Analysis of the data also revealed that projects requiring subsurface remediation work were more likely to have cost overruns and increases in project duration due to changed conditions. Standardized costs and durations are used to compare projects of different magnitudes. Stem and leaf plots are used to provide a means of comparing the distributions of the TQM and non-TQM data sets. Stem and leaf plots are also constructed for projects that included underground remediation work and projects that did not. An analysis of the comparisons suggested that application of the TQM methods may provide benefits by reducing the number and magnitude of duration increases. Project cost escalation appears to be more closely connected to changed conditions as a result of the uncertainties of underground remediation work. C1 USN, ACE Resources, Civil Engn Corps, APO, AE 09750 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Kiwus, CH (reprint author), USN, ACE Resources, Civil Engn Corps, CMR 450 Box 306, APO, AE 09750 USA. RI Williams, Trefor/F-8027-2015 OI Williams, Trefor/0000-0001-7696-4947 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2001)17:3(176) PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 444QR UT WOS:000169411500007 ER PT J AU Schneider, JO Gilford, SR AF Schneider, JO Gilford, SR TI The chiropractor's role in pain management for oncology patients - In response SO JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Chiropract Div Sports Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Schneider, JO (reprint author), USN Hosp, Chiropract Div Sports Med, Box 55191, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0161-4754 J9 J MANIP PHYSIOL THER JI J. Manip. Physiol. Ther. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 24 IS 6 BP 431 EP 432 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation GA 465NE UT WOS:000170595400010 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI The uses of intelligence SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 822 EP 823 DI 10.2307/2677575 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 445EW UT WOS:000169446000049 ER PT J AU Lutsep, HL Nesbit, GM Berger, RM Coshow, WR AF Lutsep, HL Nesbit, GM Berger, RM Coshow, WR TI Does reversal of ischemia on diffusion-weighted imaging reflect higher apparent diffusion coefficient values? SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE cerebral ischemia; diffusion-weighted imaging; fluid attenuated inversion recovery; apparent diffusion coefficient; thrombolytic treatment ID MIDDLE CEREBRAL-ARTERY; STROKE; BRAIN; MRI; PERFUSION AB This study investigated whether ischemia on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) that reverses has higher apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). A patient treated with thrombolytics was evaluated with serial magnetic resonance imaging studies before treatment, at 3 and 14 days and at 4 weeks. A 100.01-cm(3) left frontoparietal stroke on baseline DWI was only 18.11 cm(3) (18%) on 4-week fluid attenuated inversion recovery. The mean ADC was 7.43 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s in the 6 regions that reversed and 7.31 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s in the 6 regions that persisted (P < .036). With thrombolytic treatment, large ischemic lesions on DWI may reverse, and these areas display higher mean ADCs. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Oregon Stroke Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Lutsep, HL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Oregon Stroke Ctr, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd,CR 131, Portland, OR 97201 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1051-2284 J9 J NEUROIMAGING JI J. Neuroimaging PD JUL PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 455FV UT WOS:000170017600015 PM 11462301 ER PT J AU Dao, KD Shin, AY Kelley, S Wood, VE AF Dao, KD Shin, AY Kelley, S Wood, VE TI Synostosis of the ring-small finger metacarpal in Apert acrosyndactyly hands: Incidence and treatment SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE acrosyndactyly; Apert syndrome; silastic; synostosis ID PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; MANAGEMENT AB This study reports on the incidence of a synostosis between the ring-small metacarpal bases in patients with Apert syndrome and describes a technique to resect the synostosis and insert silicone sheets to improve hand function. Records of 9 patients (18 hands) were evaluated. Average age at follow-up was 9.5 years. Three relationships between the ring-small metacarpals were observed. Type I hands (22%) had no abnormal interconnections; type IT hands (33%) possessed a synostosis since birth; type III hands (44%) did not possess a synostosis at birth, but one later developed at average age of 79 months. Total incidence of synostosis was 77%. Five patients underwent excision of the synostosis. At an average of 16 postoperative months, 4 of these patients experienced improvement in hand prehension. In patients with Apert syndrome, resection of abnormal interconnections between the ring-small metacarpels is highly recommended to improve hand prehension based on the high incidence of a synostosis in this region. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Dao, KD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 502 EP 507 DI 10.1097/00004694-200107000-00016 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 449HM UT WOS:000169678700016 PM 11433164 ER PT J AU Anderegg, CR Metzler, DG AF Anderegg, CR Metzler, DG TI Tooth mobility revisited SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID OCCLUSION; PERIODONTITIS; TRAUMA C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Res Dept, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Anderegg, CR (reprint author), 14655 BelRed Rd 202, Bellevue, WA 98007 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 72 IS 7 BP 963 EP 967 DI 10.1902/jop.2001.72.7.963 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 457KF UT WOS:000170135600018 PM 11495147 ER PT J AU Irvin, JA Schwendeman, I Lee, Y Abboud, KA Reynolds, JR AF Irvin, JA Schwendeman, I Lee, Y Abboud, KA Reynolds, JR TI Low-oxidation-potential conducting polymers derived from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and dialkoxybenzenes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT); conducting polymers; sensors; dialkoxybenzenes ID ETHER-SUBSTITUTED POLYTHIOPHENES; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; REPEAT UNITS; OLIGO(OXYETHYLENE) SUBSTITUENTS; THERMOTROPIC POLYESTERS; SIDE-CHAINS; POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES); PHENYLENE; POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) AB Monomers derived from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and phenylenes with branched or oligomeric ether dialkoxy substituents were prepared with the Negishi coupling technique. Electrooxidative polymerization led to the corresponding dialkoxy-substituted 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-phenylene polymers, with extremely low oxidation potentials (E-1/2,E-p = -0.16 to -0.50 V vs Ag/Ag+) due to the highly electron-rich nature of these materials. The polymers were electrochromic, reversibly switching from red to blue upon oxidation, with bandgaps at about 2 eV. The electrochemical behavior of the oligomeric ether-substituted polymer was investigated in the presence of different metal ions. Films of the polymer exhibited electrochemical recognition for several alkali and alkaline-earth cations with selectivity in the order Li+ > Ba2+ > Na+ > Mg2+. Cyclic voltammetry showed a decrease in the oxidation potential and an improvement in the definition of the voltammetric response, as well as an increase in the overall electroactivity of the polymer films when the concentration of the cations in the medium was increased. These results are discussed in terms of the electrostatic interactions between the complexed cation and the redox center, as well as the diffusion of the ionic species into the polymer matrix. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Div Chem & Mat, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Reynolds, JR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM reynolds@chem.ufl.edu RI Irvin, Jennifer/C-7968-2013 OI Irvin, Jennifer/0000-0003-3500-8419 NR 38 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 13 BP 2164 EP 2178 DI 10.1002/pola.1193 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 441BA UT WOS:000169210100011 ER PT J AU Dominguez, DD Snow, AW Shirk, JS Pong, RGS AF Dominguez, DD Snow, AW Shirk, JS Pong, RGS TI Polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanines: limiting phthalocyanine aggregation to dimer formation SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE capped phthalocyanine; phthalocyanine dimer; aggregation ID OCTASUBSTITUTED PHTHALOCYANINE; SUBSTITUTED PHTHALOCYANINES; PHTHALONITRILES AB The synthesis and characterization of a soluble metal-free polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanine and the corresponding lead compound are described. This phthalocyanine was designed to allow the formation of dimers but to inhibit formation of higher aggregates. The monomer/dimer equilibrium constant in chloroform solutions is 750 +/- 201 mol(-1). No evidence for higher aggregates was found. The molecular extinction coefficient of the metal-free polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanine in chloroform is one of the lowest known (2.5 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1)). The lead-substituted material was demonstrated to be a reverse saturable absorber from 532 nm to about 610 nm. It possesses a large nonlinear absorption coefficient in the visible and is a promising optical limiter material. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dominguez, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PD JUL PY 2001 VL 5 IS 7 BP 582 EP 592 DI 10.1002/jpp.365.abs PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 444HT UT WOS:000169394600006 ER PT J AU Kilroy, WP Ferrando, WA Dallek, S AF Kilroy, WP Ferrando, WA Dallek, S TI Synthesis and characterization of Li2Mn4O9 cathode material SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2000 CL COMO, ITALY DE thermogravimetry; X-ray diffraction; Li2Mn4O9 ID DEFECT SPINELS; SYSTEM AB A highly oxidized lithium manganospinel, Li2Mn4O8+z, was prepared from LiMnO4 and MnCO3 precursors. The effect of synthesis temperature, time, and oxygen partial pressure on the extent of oxidation of the material was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG). X-ray diffraction (XRD), potentiometric titration, thermogravimetry, and elemental analyses were used to determine the stoichiometry of the product. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Kilroy, WP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL PY 2001 VL 97-8 SI SI BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00665-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 452AY UT WOS:000169836000080 ER PT J AU Gherman, R AF Gherman, R TI Fetal abdominal circumference and macrosomia SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Gherman, R (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 46 IS 7 BP 699 EP 699 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 458QG UT WOS:000170205600016 PM 11499194 ER PT J AU Fliegel, HF Warner, LF Vrba, FJ AF Fliegel, HF Warner, LF Vrba, FJ TI Photometry of global positioning system block II and IIA satellites on orbit SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION AB Observations have been taken at the U.S. Naval Observatory of the colors and brightness of two Global Positioning System Block II and two Block HA satellites against calibrated standard stars. Spacecraft logarithmic brightness falls off with phase angle almost linearly, as with the moon or Mercury, but more steeply: 0.04-0.05 astronomical magnitudes per degree. Knowing this value may permit a significant refinement of the Global Positioning System solar force model. The colors of all of the satellites are much redder than they would be if the optical properties of the surfaces remained as measured in the factory and so show the effects of degradation in space. The hypothesis that most of the degradation is caused by self-contamination by effluent from the spacecraft bodies is examined and rejected, being incompatible with the relative brightnesses in the yellow, red, and near infrared. C1 Aerosp Corp, Global Positioning Syst Directorate, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Aerosp Corp, Satellite Navigat Dept, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Fliegel, HF (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, Global Positioning Syst Directorate, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 609 EP 616 DI 10.2514/2.3725 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 461TQ UT WOS:000170379900020 ER PT J AU Joyce, JA AF Joyce, JA TI Analysis of a high rate round robin based on proposed annexes to ASTM E 1820 SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE fracture mechanics; elastic-plastic fracture; dynamic fracture; normalization method; J-integral; crack propagation; CTOD AB ASTM Committee E08 Task Group E08.08.02 has conducted a round robin to evaluate two new proposed Annexes to Standard E 1820. The round robin involved testing compact and three-point band specimens at elevated test rates using servohydraulic test machines and then analyzing the resulting data using the normalization method proposed by Landes et al. The test rates were limited so that essentially static (noninertial) analysis could be applied to the results with the objective of obtaining J-integral resistance curves (J-R curves) consistent with those obtained by static tests presently sanctioned by E 1820. The normalization method fits an assumed form of function to the normalized load versus displacement relationship of each specimen and provides a technique to estimate the crack length at each data point. The so-called "normalization function" used is fit to data before crack growth initiates and to one point at the end of the test, for which the final measured crack length is assumed to be available. In this sense it acts as an interpolation scheme to estimate crack lengths and hence crack extensions for use in evaluating the specimen J-R curve. Five laboratories participated in the round robin. Each laboratory was provided with two to four 1T C(T) and/or SE(B) specimens of an A572 bridge steel for testing. Each laboratory was responsible for precracking and testing the specimens, loading the specimens at elevated loading rates between approximately 25 mm/s and 2.5 m/s, collecting the resulting load and displacement data, and analyzing the data according to the proposed normalization annex document prepared by Task Group E08.08.02. Specimen blanks were distributed during July 1998, and tests were run between late 1998 and late 2000 and the data were subsequently analyzed and the results returned. This paper describes the results of these individual analyses and an additional consistent analysis of the data sets completed by the author of this paper. The objectives of the round robin were to determine if the high rate annex and the normalization method provided accurate and reasonable procedures for obtaining high rate loading J-R curves for structural materials. Since only one material could be tested in the round robin it was hoped that the participants, and possibly others as well, would use the procedures presented to analyze other materials for which they had data and interest. The results of the round robin demonstrated that the method does give good results for the test material, and that all participants were able to apply the method and obtain reasonable results. The author will discuss several weaknesses of the proposed Annexes that were uncovered in the course of the round robin or by other researchers during the past two years, and proposed corrections are presented that hopefully will address these shortcomings. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 29 IS 4 BP 329 EP 351 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 455XT UT WOS:000170053600002 ER PT J AU Levine, H Gaunaurd, GC AF Levine, H Gaunaurd, GC TI Energy radiation from point sources whose duration of accelerated motion is finite SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS; SOUND RADIATION; ACOUSTICS AB A detailed analysis is given of the energy and power measures associated with point sources which proceed along a rectilinear path in a prescribed and continuous manner that involves a limited period of acceleration. Attention is focused on monopole source types either singly or in pairs. The consideration of a single monopole precedes that of a "colliding" pair of such sources that have either equal or opposite source strengths. In all cases the angular and the joint angular and frequency distribution of the radiated energy, as well as the total radiated energy, are found at subsonic Mach numbers, and, for the paired sources, estimates are contingent on small Mach numbers. Numerical plots of the angular distributions are given, and applications of the analysis include the elementary modeling of the sound fields radiated by new aircrafts capable of completely reversing their course in minute distances. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Levine, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 110 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1121/1.1379728 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 452FD UT WOS:000169846100001 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC AF Piquette, JC TI Quasistatic coupling coefficients for electrostrictive ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM NIOBATE PMN; MATERIAL MODEL; LEAD AB A generalized definition of the coupling coefficient, useful for the evaluation of transducers that incorporate an electrostrictive active element, is introduced. The definition is expressed under quasistatic conditions and becomes zero when no bias is applied (assuming that the effects of remanence are negligible), and remains zero under zero bias even when a significant prestress is present. This reflects a property of the piezoelectric coupling coefficient, which vanishes when the ceramic becomes depoled. The behavior of this definition thus differs from that of another definition, introduced elsewhere, which produces a significant nonzero result at zero bias. [See C. Hom et al., ''Calculation of quasi-static electromechanical coupling coefficients for electrostrictive ceramic materials," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 41, 542-551 (1994).] The present definition also leads in a natural way to a coupling coefficient for biased piezoelectric ceramics, and an equation is given for that case. Moreover, in the case of a biased electrostrictive ceramic it is found that a coupling coefficient derived from an equivalent circuit [J. C. Piquette and S. E. Forsythe, ''Generalized material model for lead magnesium niobate (PMN) and an associated electromechanical equivalent circuit," J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 104, 2763-2772 (1998)] gives an excellent approximation to the exact value, and is found to be accurate to within a few percent for drive amplitudes as high as 75% of the bias. It is shown that maximizing the coupling coefficient automatically discriminates against transducer designs (and operating conditions) that would produce significant harmonic distortion. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Piquette, JC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 110 IS 1 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1121/1.1377291 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 452FD UT WOS:000169846100017 ER PT J AU Cray, BA Nuttall, AH AF Cray, BA Nuttall, AH TI Directivity factors for linear arrays of velocity sensors SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Some of the features unique to beamforming a linear array of acoustic velocity sensors, which art: not present with scalar-sensing elements (such as conventional pressure sensors), are described in this paper. Four types of sensors are considered here: a uniaxial motion sensor, which measures acoustic particle velocity along a single axis; a biaxial motion sensor measuring velocity in two orthogonal directions; a triaxial motion sensor that measures all three orthogonal components of the velocity vector; and a sensor, denoted as an acoustic vector sensor, that measures acoustic pressure as well as the complete velocity vector. Comparisons are made of the directivity index for each type of sensor and for linear arrays of sensors. It is shown that uniaxial velocity sensors can have a maximum directivity factor three times greater than an omnidirectional pressure sensor, a gain in directivity index of 4.8 dB. Not surprisingly, this directivity gain is highly dependent on signal arrival direction. Indeed, a uniaxial velocity sensor's directivity can be less than that of an omnidirectional pressure, indicative of a loss in signal level. These comparisons further indicate that a single vector sensor can provide 6 dB of directivity gain, four times the directivity of a pressure sensor. Line arrays of directional sensors can have a directivity index approximately 5 dB greater than that of an identical line array of pressure sensors for approximately all azimuthal array steerings. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Cray, BA (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 110 IS 1 BP 324 EP 331 DI 10.1121/1.1373706 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 452FD UT WOS:000169846100031 ER PT J AU Hagans, PL Natishan, PM Stoner, BR O'Grady, WE AF Hagans, PL Natishan, PM Stoner, BR O'Grady, WE TI Electrochemical oxidation of phenol using boron-doped diamond electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; BEHAVIOR; REDUCTION; MEDIA AB Boron-doped diamond electrodes prepared by chemical vapor deposition were used to determine if phenol could he oxidized to CO2. Cyclic voltammetry showed that phenol was oxidized by the diamond electrodes and remained electroactive after multiple cycles. Experiments were also run with a flow cell in which 1 L of 10 mM phenol in 0.1 M H2SO4 was circulated through the cell and the total organic carbon (TOC) was monitored as a function of time and cell current. The TOC in solution was reduced from similar to1% to <0.1% With no observable decrease in decomposition rate. This means that the reacted phenol was converted completely to CO2. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1376638] All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Hagans, PL (reprint author), Int Fuel Cell, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. EM natishan@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Stoner, Brian/D-9747-2011 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 148 IS 7 BP E298 EP E301 DI 10.1149/1.1376638 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 453BR UT WOS:000169897300043 ER PT J AU Ritchie, GD Still, KR Alexander, WK Nordholm, AF Wilson, CL Rossi, J Mattie, DR AF Ritchie, GD Still, KR Alexander, WK Nordholm, AF Wilson, CL Rossi, J Mattie, DR TI A review of the neurotoxicity risk of selected hydrocarbon fuels SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID JP-8 JET FUEL; TERTIARY-BUTYL-ETHER; PETROLEUM BLENDING STREAMS; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; INDUCED HEARING-LOSS; INHALATION SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY/NEUROTOXICITY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INDUCED SENSORIMOTOR NEUROPATHY; MULTIPLE CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; BRAIN MONOAMINE METABOLISM AB Over 1.3 million civilian and military personnel are occupationally exposed to hydrocarbon fuels, emphasizing gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, or kerosene. These exposures may occur acutely or chronically to raw fuel, vapor, aerosol, or fuel combustion exhaust by dermal, respiratory inhalation, or oral ingestion routes, and commonly occur concurrently with exposure to other chemicals and stressors. Hydrocarbon fuels are complex mixtures of 150-260+ aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds containing varying concentrations of potential neurotoxicants including benzene, n-hexane, toluene, xylenes, naphthalene, and certain n-C9-C12 fractions (n-propylbenzene, trimethylbenzene isomers). Due to their natural petroleum base, the chemical composition of different hydrocarbon fuels is not defined, and the fuels are classified according to broad performance criteria such as flash and boiling points, complicating toxicological comparisons. While hydrocarbon fuel exposures occur typically at concentrations below permissible exposure limits for their constituent chemicals, it is unknown whether additive or synergistic interactions may result in unpredicted neurotoxicity. The inclusion of up to six performance additives in existing fuel formulations presents additional neurotoxicity challenge. Additionally, exposures to hydrocarbon fuels, typically with minimal respiratory or dermal protection, range from weekly fueling of personal automobiles to waist-deep immersion of personnel in raw fuel during maintenance of aircraft fuel tanks. Occupational exposures may occur an a near daily basis for from several months to over 20 yr. A number of published studies have reported acute or persisting neurotoxic effects from acute, subchronic, or chronic exposure of humans or animals to hydrocarbon fuels, or to certain constituent chemicals of these fuels. This review summarizes human and animal studies of hydrocarbon fuel-induced neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral consequences. It is hoped that this review will support ongoing attempts to review and possibly revive exposure standards for hydrocarbon fuels. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ritchie, GD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, 2612 5th St,Bldg 433, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 361 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 4 IS 3 BP 223 EP 312 DI 10.1080/109374001301419728 PG 90 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 458VC UT WOS:000170214800001 PM 11503417 ER PT J AU Pearl, J Ramirez, AR Petruzziello, M Perdue, P AF Pearl, J Ramirez, AR Petruzziello, M Perdue, P TI Small bowel perforation after a quad cough maneuver SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ramirez, AR (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 162 EP 163 DI 10.1097/00005373-200107000-00028 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 453FL UT WOS:000169905800029 PM 11468487 ER PT J AU Kolon, TF AF Kolon, TF TI No relationship of testicular size at orchiopexy with fertility in men who previously had unilateral cryptorchidism - Comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kolon, TF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 239 EP 239 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 442CY UT WOS:000169268700079 ER PT J AU Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Murphy, DP Meger, RA AF Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Murphy, DP Meger, RA TI Ion energy distributions in a pulsed, electron beam-generated plasma SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Symposium of AVS CY OCT 02-06, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP AVS ID RADIO-FREQUENCY DISCHARGES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; CHLORINE; OXYGEN; ARGON AB In this work, we investigate the ion flux at a grounded electrode located adjacent to a pulsed, argon plasma generated by a high-energy electron beam. The plasmas, produced in 100 mTorr, are characterized by high plasma densities (> 10(11) cm(-3)) and low electron temperatures (< 1.5 eV). An energy selective mass spectrometer was used to measure temporally resolved ion kinetic-energy distributions at the electrode surface. In addition, ion energy distributions are presented for various electrode locations. The ion energy distributions correlate well with Langmuir probe measurements of the plasma potential. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walton, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1325 EP 1329 DI 10.1116/1.1345901 PN 1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 456YT UT WOS:000170110900056 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DD Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Murphy, DP Fernsler, RF Amatucci, WE Meger, RA AF Blackwell, DD Walton, SG Leonhardt, D Murphy, DP Fernsler, RF Amatucci, WE Meger, RA TI Probe diagnostic development for electron beam produced plasmas SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Symposium of AVS CY OCT 02-06, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP AVS ID LARGE-AREA AB A variety of diagnostics have been fielded in different plasma sources to provide new information about the large area plasma processing system (LAPPS) at NRL. Specifically, a high resolution digital Langmuir probe system and ion flux/energy diagnostics have been employed in pulsed and dc electron beam produced plasmas as well as in an inductively coupled source as a baseline experiment. rf induced dc bias, ion flux, electron and ion temperature, and plasma potential in the proximity of rf powered electrodes placed into these plasmas were measured. It is found that the LAPPS plasma channel is essentially unaffected by the presence of the rf voltage, with the net ion flux unchanging in the presence of rf. These findings are consistent with earlier theoretical models of LAPPS [Manheimer et at.. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 9. 370 (2000)]. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blackwell, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1330 EP 1335 DI 10.1116/1.1366699 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 456YT UT WOS:000170110900057 ER PT J AU Leonhardt, D Walton, SG Blackwell, DD Amatucci, WE Murphy, DP Fernsler, RF Meger, RA AF Leonhardt, D Walton, SG Blackwell, DD Amatucci, WE Murphy, DP Fernsler, RF Meger, RA TI Plasma diagnostics in large area plasma processing system SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Symposium of AVS CY OCT 02-06, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP AVS AB A series of plasma diagnostic have been carried out in our large area plasma processing system which is based on a modulated electron-beam produced plasma. These discharges were created in both electrically conducting and insulated vacuum chambers operated in 30-120 mTorr of pure gases (argon, oxygen, and nitrogen). Langmuir probes, microwave transmission, mass spectrometry, and external current sensors show robust discharges were made over fairly wide parameter ranges resulting in plasma densities of 1-4 x 10(11) cm(-3) and temperature ranging from 0.2 eV for the molecular gases and 1.4 eV for argon. The effects of various experimental techniques, parameters, and contamination issues are discussed in detail. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leonhardt, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1367 EP 1373 DI 10.1116/1.1359554 PN 1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 456YT UT WOS:000170110900063 ER PT J AU Whitlock, RR Greig, JR Nagel, DJ Topscher, SJ AF Whitlock, RR Greig, JR Nagel, DJ Topscher, SJ TI Plasma and X-UV source characteristics for Al targets heated by 40 ns Nd-laser pulses SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID RAY SOURCE; PREPULSE; SPECTRA; CRYSTALS; EMISSION; REGION; FOIL AB The total laser energy (3-32 J), temporal history (40 ns full width at half maximum) and focal energy distribution (3 x 10(13) W/cm(2) peak, 1.5 x 10(13) W/cm(2) average) for lambda = 1.06 mum Nd:glass laser interactions with planar Al targets were measured. Laser-produced plasma emissions within the 1-3 keV x-ray range were recorded, with limited measurements in the 10-1000 eV range. Primary emphasis was given to obtaining the dependence of kilovolt x-ray emission on irradiance (varied by altering the energy on target or the lens-target spacing). A maximum efficiency for the conversion of incident laser energy to radiation above 1.5 keV was 0.25% into 2 pi sr. Integrated x-ray energy radiated over this range of photon energy was found to increase as the 3.2 power of laser energy at best focus. X-ray emission decreased when a prepulse preceded the main pulse by a controlled amount exceeding 0.2 mus but <5 mus, with a minimum emission at 0.5 mus separation. Plasma temperatures were estimated from x-ray line ratios and continuum slopes: a value near 230 eV was obtained from free-bound continuum slope for 3 x 10(13) W/cm(2) peak irradiance. Temperatures decreased at lower irradiances, as inferred from x-ray line ratios. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitlock, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1241 EP 1252 DI 10.1116/1.1382870 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 465PD UT WOS:000170598400024 ER PT J AU Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ Goldenberg, M AF Nosho, BZ Bennett, BR Whitman, LJ Goldenberg, M TI Effects of As-2 versus As-4 on InAs/GaSb heterostructures: As-for-Sb exchange and film stability SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-28) CY JAN 07-11, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Electr & Mat Processing Div, USN, Off Res, USA, Off Res ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FREE SOLID FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE; QUANTUM-WELLS; GROWTH; EVOLUTION; SURFACES AB We have used cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray diffraction to characterize and compare the effects of As-2 versus As-4 on the growth of InAs/GaSb heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy. When GaSb surfaces are exposed to an As-2 flux, the As exchanges with the surface Sb in an anion exchange reaction that creates layers of GaAs. In contrast, when GaSb surfaces are exposed to As-4 fluxes, there is no evidence of the As-for-Sb exchange reaction. When comparing the use of As-2 and As-4 in periodic InAs/GaSb superlattices, the differences in the As incorporation rate into GaSb is further evident in x-ray diffraction spectra as a shift in the average lattice constant of the epilayer due to GaAs bond formation. Although inhibiting the exchange reaction would be useful in the minimization of the cross incorporation of As in the GaSb layers, the growth of InAs/GaSb heterostructures using As-4 can be complicated by the introduction of film instabilities that have not been observed in growths using As-2. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Nosho, BZ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1626 EP 1630 DI 10.1116/1.1386377 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 465PD UT WOS:000170598400092 ER PT J AU Kang, W Papoulias, FA AF Kang, W Papoulias, FA TI Bifurcation and control of submersible vehicles with dive plane reversal SO LATIN AMERICAN APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bifurcation; control; submersible vehicle ID NONLINEAR CONTROL-SYSTEMS; NORMAL-FORM AB The problem of dive plane reversal of submersible vehicles at low speeds is analyzed using bifurcation theory. Simulation and numerical results are supported by a formal analysis procedure which includes calculation of normal forms and invariant resonant terms. It is shown that the primary loss of stability occurs in the form of a pitchfork bifurcation, A feedback control strategy is proposed which guarantees local stability of the nominal equilibrium state across the bifurcation point, Other applications, currently under consideration, for this general approach of bifurcation control are outlined. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLAPIQUI(UNS-CONICET) PI BAHIA BLANCA PA CAMINO LA CARRINDANGA, KM 7, C C 717, 8000 BAHIA BLANCA, ARGENTINA SN 0327-0793 J9 LAT AM APPL RES JI Latin Am. Appl. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 448MM UT WOS:000169630700002 ER PT J AU Todd, MD Johnson, GA Althouse, BL AF Todd, MD Johnson, GA Althouse, BL TI A novel Bragg grating sensor interrogation system utilizing a scanning filter, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a 3 x 3 coupler SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE DE strain; phase; fibre Bragg grating; wavelength shift detection; interferometry; scanning Fabry-Perot filter; structural monitoring ID FIBER; ARRAYS; BRIDGE AB This work describes a new technique for fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation and multiplexing. The technique combines a scanning Fabry-Perot (SFP) bandpass filter used to wavelength-multiplex multiple gratings in a single fibre, and an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fibre interferometer made with a 3 x 3 coupler to detect strain-induced wavelength shifts. A passive technique for interferometer drift compensation using non-sensing FBGs is included in the system. A prototype complete system interrogates four gratings in a single fibre at a Nyquist sampling rate up to 10 kHz, with a noise floor measured near 4 n is an element of Hz(-1/2) above 0.1 Hz. The inclusion of the interferometer drift compensation technique is shown to make quasi-static measurements feasible. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Optinel Syst Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM miketodd@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 17 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 12 IS 7 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/12/7/303 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 458JT UT WOS:000170191800004 ER PT J AU Doughty, S AF Doughty, S TI Response of single degree of freedom mechanisms to base excitation SO MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY LA English DT Article AB Design dynamic analysis for mechanisms is usually done under the assumption that the mechanism is supported on an inertial frame. When the mechanism is mounted on an accelerating base, the previous analysis must be extended to include the dynamic effects of the base acceleration. This paper provides the necessary extension for single degree of freedom (SDOF) mechanisms and also presents an example. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia Naval Yard, Carderock Div, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Doughty, S (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia Naval Yard, Carderock Div, Code 811,5001 S Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-114X J9 MECH MACH THEORY JI Mech. Mach. Theory PD JUL PY 2001 VL 36 IS 7 BP 833 EP 842 DI 10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00024-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 457RK UT WOS:000170150400003 ER PT J AU King, ML Dracup, KA Woo, MA AF King, ML Dracup, KA Woo, MA TI Predictors of isotonic exercise in patients with heart failure SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE heart failure; isotonic exercise; hemodynamics ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ISOMETRIC-EXERCISE; STRENGTH; IMPACT; SINGLE AB Purpose: Study aims were to determine the predictors of isotonic resistance exercise performance in patients with advanced heart failure and to compare the preexercise values of patients who experienced a negative physiologic response to resistance exercise with those who had minimal or no response. Methods: A correlational design was used. After pharmacologic left ventricular unloading therapy using a pulmonary artery catheter, 34 patients with advanced heart failure performed graduated isotonic weight-lifting exercises. Measurements were made of hemodynamics and rating of perceived exertion after each test. Results: The following variables, measured at baseline, were significantly correlated with the amount of weight patients were able to lift: rating of perceived exertion (RPE: r = -0.42. P = 0.014); diastolic blood pressure (DBP: r = 0.49. P = 0.03); systolic blood pressure (SBP: r = 0.40, P = 0.017); pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP; r = 0.39. P = 0.026); and right atrial pressure (RAP: r = 0.35. P = 0.041). Multiple regression analysis, using a stepwise procedure, showed that 47%, of the variance in exercise performance was explained by DBP. RPE. and PCWP. There were no significant differences in baseline hemodynamics, ejection fraction, or age between the group of patients who had a negative hemodynamic response at peak exercise and the group of patients who had minimal or no response. Conclusions: Resting PCWP, DBP. and RPE can provide important information to help clinicians predict isotonic resistance exercise performance in patients with advanced heart failure. However. those patients who have a negative response to this type of exercise cannot be distinguished at baseline by clinical characteristics or age. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Nursing & Med & Ahmanson, Cardiomyopathy Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP King, ML (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM Mlking@nmscd.med.navy.mil NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1090 EP 1095 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 448ZV UT WOS:000169660600004 PM 11445754 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Blankenship, TL Gackstetter, G Gray, GC AF Gray, GC Blankenship, TL Gackstetter, G Gray, GC TI History of respiratory illness at the US Naval Academy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MILITARY PERSONNEL; DISEASE; SYSTEM AB Throughout history, respiratory diseases have been a frequent cause of morbidity in U.S. populations. Because of stress, crowding, and naive immune systems, military training populations are particularly prone to acute respiratory disease epidemics. An examination of the history of respiratory illness at the U.S. Naval Academy revealed that, in the earliest decades at the school, respiratory illness was a primary cause of both disease and mortality. With the advent of antibiotics and vaccines, most respiratory disease mortality has been reduced. However, even today, morbidity remains significant. Health concerns regarding respiratory diseases are heightened by emerging and reemerging respiratory disease agents that have increased antibiotic resistance and/or increased virulence. Enhanced surveillance and rapid diagnostic capabilities, placed in military settings, will increase knowledge of the epidemiology of many respiratory diseases. These strategies can lead to earlier treatment and prevention measures, thus halting the further transmission of disease and decreasing both morbidity and mortality. During the most recent history of the Naval Academy, acute respiratory infections have remained a primary cause of medical morbidity. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Navy Environm & Prevent Med Unit Two, Norfolk, VA 23511 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 581 EP 586 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200006 PM 11469028 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE Hourani, LL AF Gunderson, EKE Hourani, LL TI The epidemiology of mental disorders in the US Navy: The neuroses SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB As part of a series of investigations into the occurrence and outcome of mental disorders in the U.S. Navy, this study was designed to determine first hospitalization incidence rates for neurotic disorders in an initially healthy young adult population and to determine the duration of acute illness, severity, and posthospital outcomes in terms of military performance and premature personnel losses. Data on first hospitalizations for neurotic disorders were extracted from automated medical record data files for all active duty Navy personnel admitted between 1980 and 1988. Incidence rates were calculated for major demographic subgroups, and career history records provided a 4-year follow-up of service-related outcomes. Overall incidence ranged from a low of 3 per 100,000 for obsessive-compulsive disorders to a high of 58 per 100,000 for other neurotic disorders/neurotic disorders not otherwise specified (NOS). The phobia and depressive groups had the poorest prognoses for continued service, and the NOS and anxiety groups had the best prognoses. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gunderson, EKE (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 612 EP 620 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200013 PM 11469034 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL AF Merrill, LL TI Trauma symptomatology among female US Navy recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; IMPACT; VETERANS; SEQUELAE; SYMPTOMS; SOLDIERS; RISK; ARMY AB A sample of female U.S. Navy recruits (N = 1,051) was surveyed for histories of childhood abuse and current trauma symptomatology. Victims of only childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and victims of both CSA and childhood physical abuse (CPA) had significantly higher scores on all 10 Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) clinical scales than did participants who did not report a history of childhood abuse. Victims of only CPA had significantly higher scores on all TSI clinical scales, except the Sexual Concerns scale, than participants who did not report a childhood history of CPA or CSA. Additionally, more victims of childhood abuse positively endorsed TSI items related to suicidal behavior and ideation than did nonvictims. Overall, the women who experienced CPA and/or CSA reported substantially higher levels of trauma symptomatology. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 621 EP 624 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200014 PM 11469035 ER PT J AU Butler, FK AF Butler, FK TI Tactical medicine training for SEAL mission commanders SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WOUNDS AB The Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) project initiated by the Naval Special Warfare Command and continued by the U.S. Special Operations Command has developed a new set of combat trauma care guidelines that seek to combine good medical care with good small-unit tactics. The principles of care recommended in TCCC have gained increasing acceptance throughout the Department of Defense in the 4 years since their publication, and increasing numbers of combat medical personnel and military physicians have been trained in this concept. Because casualty scenarios in small-unit operations typically present tactical as well as medical problems, however, it has become apparent that a customized version of this course suitable for small-unit mission commanders is a necessary addition to the program. This paper describes the development of a course in tactical medicine for SEAL mission commanders and its transition into use in the Naval Special Warfare community. C1 Naval Hosp, Naval Special Warfare Command, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32504 USA. RP Butler, FK (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Naval Special Warfare Command, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32504 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 625 EP 631 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200015 PM 11469036 ER PT J AU Blood, CG Aboumrad, TL AF Blood, CG Aboumrad, TL TI A comparison of postdeployment hospitalization incidence between active duty Vietnam and Persian Gulf War veterans SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; US VETERANS; SYMPTOMS AB Post-conflict hospitalization rates of active duty Marines deployed to the Persian Gulf War were compared with hospitalization rates of similar Marine Corps units returning from the Vietnam conflict. The aggregated Gulf War units exhibited lower hospitalization rates than their Vietnam counterparts. Examined separately, infantry and service support units deployed to the Persian Gulf had lower postdeployment hospitalization rates than similar units returning from Vietnam; no significant rate differences existed for the combat engineer and artillery units. The Vietnam veterans had higher percentages of hospital admissions for infective and parasitic diseases and genitourinary disorders than Gulf War veterans, whereas Gulf War veterans had a higher proportion of their hospitalizations in the musculoskeletal disorder category. The types of individual musculoskeletal disorders incurred by the two cohorts were not substantially different. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Geocenters Inc, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Blood, CG (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 648 EP 655 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200019 PM 11469040 ER PT J AU Tropeano, AM Pugh, WM AF Tropeano, AM Pugh, WM TI Review of the Naval Health Research Center's development of medical information systems for far-forward echelons of care, 1983 to 1997 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Medical treatment information must be gathered quickly and accurately to ensure continuity of care at far-forward echelons. The manual documentation methods in use during the Vietnam War revealed the need for considerable improvements in medical information documentation, patient tracking, and effective transfer of data throughout each of the first three echelons of care. The U.S. military determined that automation would result in the greatest enhancement of documentation techniques. The Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) has been an integral part of the development of medical information systems for the Navy's far-forward echelons of care. The prototypes designed by NHRC for echelons I and H can successfully raise the standard of treatment while simultaneously reducing the number of individuals needed for administrative duties and increasing the number of medical staff available for patient care. An overview of NHRC's work in medical information systems from 1983 to 1997 is presented. C1 Anteon Corp, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Tropeano, AM (reprint author), Anteon Corp, 3211 Jermantown Rd,Suite 700, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 166 IS 7 BP 656 EP 663 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DD UT WOS:000181419200020 PM 11469041 ER PT J AU Spector, MS Singh, A Messersmith, PB Schnur, JM AF Spector, MS Singh, A Messersmith, PB Schnur, JM TI Chiral self-assembly of nanotubules and ribbons from phospholipid mixtures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIPID TUBULES; NETWORK GEL; MICROSTRUCTURES; MEMBRANES AB Nanoscale structures have been found to self-assemble in a binary mixture of a long-chain, diacetylenic phospholipid and a short chain, saturated lipid. We observe unusual chiral-optical signatures of nanotubule, twisted ribbon, and microtubule morphologies that can be used to monitor their temporal and thermal stability. Circular dichroism results suggest that chiral packing of the lipids drives formation of these aggregates. The ease of formation, stability, and robust behavior of these lipid cylinders suggest that they have potential use in applications requiring high aspect ratio nanomaterials. C1 Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Spector, MS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Messersmith, Phil/B-6695-2009; Messersmith, Phillip/F-3433-2013 NR 18 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 1 IS 7 BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1021/nl015554u PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 519JD UT WOS:000173721300008 ER PT J AU Balachandran, SC Carr, JS Carney, BW AF Balachandran, SC Carr, JS Carney, BW TI Oxygen abundances from infrared OH lines SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union ID STARS AB Oxygen abundances are derived from the vibrational-rotational OH lines in the infrared. The flat trend of [O/Fe] between -2.5 < [Fe/H]< -1.5 from the infrared lines is in sharp disagreement with published results from the electronic transitions of OH in the ultraviolet. However, we note that a careful comparison of IR-OH, [OI] and UV-OH lines in the subgiant BD +23 3130 yields excellent consistency in the oxygen abundance. The agreement between the IR-OH and [OI] trends, and the consistency of these results with Galactic chemical model predictions suggest that the low oxygen values represent the preferred trend. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Balachandran, SC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 45 IS 8 BP 529 EP 531 DI 10.1016/S1387-6473(01)00118-X PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 457JY UT WOS:000170134800006 ER PT J AU Georgiou, IT Schwartz, IB AF Georgiou, IT Schwartz, IB TI Invariant manifolds, nonclassical normal modes, and proper orthogonal modes in the dynamics of the flexible spherical pendulum SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE coupled flexible-body/rigid-body dynamics; reduced slow dynamics; invariant manifolds; nonlinear normal modes; proper orthogonal modes ID SLOW; SYSTEM; CHAOS; OSCILLATOR AB It is shown that the flexible spherical pendulum undergoes purely slow motions with master and slaved components. The family of slow motions is realized as a three-dimensional invariant manifold in phase space. This manifold is computed analytically by applying the method of geometric singular perturbations. This manifold is nonlinear and for all energy and angular momentum levels is characterized precisely by three PO (proper orthogonal) modes. Its submanifold of zero angular momentum is a two-dimensional invariant manifold; it is the geometric realization of a nonclassical nonlinear normal mode. This normal mode is characterized precisely by two PO modes. The slaved slow dynamics are characterized precisely by a single PO mode. The stability of the slow invariant manifold as well as interactions between fast and slow dynamics are considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Georgiou, IT (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, Zografos 15710, Greece. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X EI 1573-269X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 31 DI 10.1023/A:1012990329884 PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 496EV UT WOS:000172384000002 ER PT J AU Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Mahon, R Burris, R Ferraro, M Solkolsky, I Vasquez, JA Bovais, CS Cochrell, K Goins, KC Barbehenn, R Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Montes, MJ AF Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Mahon, R Burris, R Ferraro, M Solkolsky, I Vasquez, JA Bovais, CS Cochrell, K Goins, KC Barbehenn, R Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Montes, MJ TI Large-aperture multiple quantum well modulating retroreflector for free-space optical data transfer on unmanned aerial vehicles SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE modulating retroreflector; retromodulators; multiple quantum well modulator; retroreflector communications; multiple quantum well retroreflector ID ELECTROABSORPTION AB We describe progress in the development of a multiple quantum well modulating retroreflector, including a description of recent demonstrations of an infrared data link between a small rotary-wing unmanned airborne vehicle and a ground-based laser interrogator using the device designed and fabricated at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Modulating retroreflector systems couple an optical retroreflector, such as a corner cube, and an electro-optic shutter to allow two-way optical communications using a laser, telescope, and pointer-tracker on only one platform. The NRL modulating retroreflector uses a semiconductor-based multiple quantum well shutter capable of modulation rates greater than 10 Mbps, depending on link characteristics. The technology enables the use of near-infrared frequencies, which is well known to provide covert communications immune to frequency allocation problems. This specific device has the added advantage of being compact, lightweight, covert, and requires very low paper. Up to an order of magnitude in onboard power can be saved using a small array of these devices instead of the radio frequency equivalent. In the described demonstration, a Mbps optical link to an unmanned aerial vehicle in flight at a range of 100 to 200 feet is shown. Near real-time compressed video was also demonstrated at the Mbps level and is described. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 15 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1348 EP 1356 DI 10.1117/1.1383783 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 462UW UT WOS:000170439000034 ER PT J AU Kopke, RD Hoffer, ME Wester, D O'Leary, MJ Jackson, RL AF Kopke, RD Hoffer, ME Wester, D O'Leary, MJ Jackson, RL TI Targeted topical steroid therapy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss SO OTOLOGY & NEUROTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE topical steroids; sudden sensorineural hearing loss ID ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; GUINEA-PIG; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS AB Objective: To treat patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNL) who failed oral prednisone therapy by using a round window membrane (RWM) microcatheter. This topical delivery strategy sought to improve effectiveness of steroid treatment to the inner ear by targeting drug delivery to the RWM. Study Design: Nonrandomized prospective design. Setting: Tertiary care facility. Patients: Six patients with severe unilateral SSHL, five of whom were refractory to a course of oral steroid therapy treated within 6 weeks of SSHL and three additional patients treated more than 6 weeks after SSHL. Intervention: Therapeutic use of RWM catheter. Main Outcome Measures: Pure-tone averages (PTAs) and word identification scores (WIS). Results: Five of the six patients treated within 6 weeks of SSHL improved their WIS. Of the six, four returned to baseline hearing, one recovered hearing that could benefit by hearing amplification, and one regained moderate improvement in PTA but not WIS. Conclusion: Targeted topical steroid administration avoids the significant systemic side effects of oral steroids and may offer more effective dosing than simple transtympanic injection of medicine. Although these findings are preliminary, it is possible that after further study, targeted drug delivery may be a useful technique to consider in patients with severe to profound hearing loss that have failed all other management options. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kopke, RD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 23 TC 114 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1531-7129 J9 OTOL NEUROTOL JI Otol. Neurotol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1097/00129492-200107000-00011 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 450KP UT WOS:000169742300012 PM 11449103 ER PT J AU Pask, JE Singh, DJ Mazin, II Hellberg, CS Kortus, J AF Pask, JE Singh, DJ Mazin, II Hellberg, CS Kortus, J TI Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of MnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL MONOXIDES; BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; GRADIENT-APPROXIMATION; CORRELATION-ENERGY; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; FIELD-GRADIENT; SPECIAL POINTS; EXACT EXCHANGE; HIGH-PRESSURE AB We calculate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of MnO from first principles, using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method, with both local-density and generalized-gradient approximations to exchange and correlation. We find the ground state to be of rhombohedrally distorted B1 structure with compression along the [111] direction, antiferromagnetic with type-II ordering, and insulating, consistent with experiment. We show that the distortion can be understood in terms of a Heisenberg model with distance dependent nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor interactions determined from first principles. Finally, we show that magnetic ordering can induce significant charge anisotropy, and give predictions for electric-field gradients in the observed rhombohedrally distorted structure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 56 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 2 AR 024403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.024403 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 452AV UT WOS:000169835700044 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL AF Carroll, TL TI Noise-resistant chaotic synchronization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-IRON-GARNET; SYSTEMS; SIGNALS; CIRCUITS; COMMUNICATION; REDUCTION; DYNAMICS AB The practical applications of self-synchronizing chaotic systems are greatly limited by their sensitivity to noise. Even small amounts of noise added to the synchronizing signal can, degrade synchronization to the point where information encoded on the chaotic signal can't be recovered. In this paper, I show that it is possible to build chaotic circuits that operate on two different time scales. The separation of time scales allows the low frequency part of the circuit to average out noise added to the synchronizing signal. Adjusting the relative time scales of the two parts of the circuit allow one to make the synchronization error arbitrarily close to the error caused by circuit mismatch for any amount of added noise. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2001 VL 64 IS 1 AR 015201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.015201 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 453GC UT WOS:000169907300003 PM 11461317 ER PT J AU Goodridge, CL Rachford, FJ Pecora, LM Carroll, TL AF Goodridge, CL Rachford, FJ Pecora, LM Carroll, TL TI Functional dependence and quasiperiodicity in the spatiotemporal dynamics of yttrium iron garnet films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC TRANSIENTS AB When thin films of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) are placed in a magnetic field and:driven at microwave (rf) frequencies, nonlinear interactions within the material cause the normal microwave spin precession to be modulated at lower frequencies. We measure these lower frequency (kHz) signals at two spatially separated locations on the MG film and use linear and nonlinear analysis to study the functional dependence of the spin dynamics at one location on the spin dynamics at the other location. We see dynamical states where nonlinear analysis can detect a functional dependence that the linear analysis fails to reveal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goodridge, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6345, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2001 VL 64 IS 1 AR 016210 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 453GC UT WOS:000169907300056 ER PT J AU Sze, H Coleman, PL Banister, J Failor, BH Fisher, A Levine, JS Song, Y Waisman, EM Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Mosher, D Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Gilliland, TL McGurn, J Spielman, RB Struve, KW Stygar, WA Bell, D AF Sze, H Coleman, PL Banister, J Failor, BH Fisher, A Levine, JS Song, Y Waisman, EM Apruzese, JP Clark, RW Davis, J Mosher, D Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Gilliland, TL McGurn, J Spielman, RB Struve, KW Stygar, WA Bell, D TI Efficient argon K-shell radiation from a Z pinch at currents > 15 MA SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; GAS-PUFF; HIGH-VELOCITY; IMPLOSIONS; LOAD AB The first observations of gaseous load implosions with over 15 MA in > 110 ns on the Z generator [R. B. Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] are reported. Starting from a diameter of over 8 cm, an argon double-shell Z pinch imploded to under 0.5 cm K-shell emission diameter. With a load mass of 0.8 mg/cm, K-shell x-ray output reached 274 +/- 24 kJ in a 15 TW peak power, 12 ns pulse. This record-high yield is consistent with the current-squared scaling predicted for the "efficient" emission regime. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Titan Corp, Div Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Sze, H (reprint author), Titan Corp, Div Pulse Sci, 2700 Merced St, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. EM plcoleman@mailaps.org RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 20 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2001 VL 8 IS 7 BP 3135 EP 3138 DI 10.1063/1.1373418 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 446RG UT WOS:000169525800001 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Davis, J Clark, RW Velikovich, AL Giuliani, JL Chong, YK Whitney, KG Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Cochran, FL AF Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Davis, J Clark, RW Velikovich, AL Giuliani, JL Chong, YK Whitney, KG Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Cochran, FL TI An efficient tabulated collisional radiative equilibrium radiation transport model suitable for multidimensional hydrodynamics calculations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; Z-PINCH; ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; EMISSION; EQUATION AB A computationally efficient method for transporting radiation in multidimensional plasmas has been developed and evaluated. The basis of this method is a uniform plasma approximation that allows one to utilize existing escape probability techniques that are successfully used in one-dimensional (1D) calculations to approximately solve the multidimensional radiation transport problem. This method is superior to diffusion methods because (1) the probability of escape technique insures that the plasma goes to the correct optically thin and thick limits, (2) the effects of line absorption due to photoexcitations are modeled, and (3) this method uses source functions that are based on a self-consistent nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium calculation, not an ad hoc assumption that the source functions are Planckian. This method is highly efficient because equation of state information from 1D calculations is tabulated as a function of plasma internal energy, ion density, and the line probability of escape from a uniform plasma, and then used in multidimensional calculations. Given the internal energy and ion density, and by calculating the line probability of escape from a zone of the multidimensional plasma, the equation of state, including emissivities and absorption coefficients, of the zone is determined from the table. Total radiative power, K-shell radiative power, total radiative yield, K-shell radiative yield, and plasma density and temperature profiles obtained from 1D Z-pinch calculations employing this method are in good agreement with the same powers, yields, and profiles calculated using a full radiation transport model. This method has been implemented in the 2D plasma radiating imploding source model code [F. L. Cochran , Phys. Plasmas 2, 2765 (1995)] to determine the influence of radiation transport in argon Z-pinch experiments performed on the Z machine [R. B. Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUL PY 2001 VL 8 IS 7 BP 3480 EP 3489 DI 10.1063/1.1373415 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 446RG UT WOS:000169525800042 ER PT J AU Cenko, A AF Cenko, A TI Experience in the use of computational aerodynamics to predict store release characteristics SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review AB In the early days, store separation tests were conducted in a hit or miss fashion-the stores would be dropped from the aircraft at gradually increasing speeds until the store came close to or sometimes actually hit the aircraft. In some cases, this led to loss of the aircraft, and made some test pilots reluctant to participate in store separation flight test programs. During the 1960's, the Captive Trajectory System (CTS) method for store separation wind tunnel testing was developed. The CTS provided a considerable improvement over the hit or miss method, and became widely used in aircraft/store integration programs prior to flight-testing. However, since fairly small-scale models had to be used in the wind tunnel tests, in many cases the wind tunnel predictions did not match the flight test results. No mechanism was then in place to resolve the wind tunnel/flight test discrepancies. During this same time frame Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) had finally matured to the point of providing a trajectory solution for a store in an aircraft flowfield. However, since the computational tools were necessarily (due to computer resource limitations) limited to linear techniques, and since most store separation problems occur at transonic speeds, these tools had limited application. Recent advances in computer resources have greatly improved the capability of CFD to predict store release characteristics. Instead of using linear or approximate schemes, time dependent Euler and Navier Stokes trajectories could be computed in a reasonable time frame. Three international CFD Challenges, held during the last decade of the 20th century, have shown that CFD can not only match wind tunnel test data, but also predict flight test trajectories for complex stores at transonic speeds. It appears that CFD has matured to the point that it can be usefully integrated into aircraft/store compatibility programs. C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cenko, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 477 EP 495 DI 10.1016/S0376-0421(01)00013-6 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 478VF UT WOS:000171365500002 ER PT J AU Croarkin, P Rayner, T AF Croarkin, P Rayner, T TI Acute neutropenia in a patient treated with quetiapine SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Croarkin, P (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Mental Hlth, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. OI Croarkin, Paul/0000-0001-6843-6503 NR 4 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 BP 368 EP 368 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.42.4.368 PG 1 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 456TB UT WOS:000170097400015 PM 11496032 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Gelaro, R Doyle, JD AF Reynolds, CA Gelaro, R Doyle, JD TI Relationship between singular vectors and transient features in the background flow SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE potential vorticity; Q-vectors ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALIES; OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; OPTIMAL EXCITATION; BAROCLINIC WAVES; FORECAST ERRORS; VERTICAL MOTION; PART II; PREDICTABILITY AB The relationships between singular vectors (SVs) and transient features in the background flow are examined through both composite techniques and case-studies. The SVs are derived using the NOGAPS forward and adjoint tangent models based on 48-hour forecasts during the NORPEX period. Composite results and case-studies both reveal significant spatial relationships between the SVs and transient features in the background flow. The SV perturbations often occur below distinctive high potential-vorticity (PV) features in the middle-to-upper troposphere. Case-studies reveal that the SVs propagate upward rapidly and have an impact on these PV features through the end of the optimization interval. In order to investigate how these small, initial perturbations have such a large impact on future development, the relationship between SVs and the quasi-geostrophic forcing is examined through the use of Q-vectors. The SV perturbations, while scaled to have a very small impact on the temperature and wind fields, have a very large impact on the mid-tropospheric Q-vectors. In contrast, the impact of the SV on the Q-vectors is negligible when added to an analysis field for which it is not optimal (e.g. the analysis field from another day). These findings establish a significant relationship between the SV perturbations and dynamically active regions in the middle troposphere, and point toward an integral link between SVs and upper-level PV precursors in synoptic development. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 127 IS 575 SI A BP 1731 EP 1760 DI 10.1002/qj.49712757514 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 461YH UT WOS:000170391100013 ER PT J AU Cross, SL Baker, PA Seltzer, GO Fritz, SC Dunbar, RB AF Cross, SL Baker, PA Seltzer, GO Fritz, SC Dunbar, RB TI Late quaternary climate and hydrology of tropical South America inferred from an isotopic and chemical model of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Titicaca; Altiplano; lake level; paleohydrology; isotope chemistry ID CENTRAL ANDES; ICE CORES; HOLOCENE; LEVEL; ALTIPLANO; RECORD; WATER; PRECIPITATION; QUELCCAYA; HISTORY AB A simple mass balance model provides insight into the hydrologic, isotopic, and chemical responses of Lake Titicaca to past climatic changes. Latest Pleistocene climate of the Altiplano is assumed to have been 20% wetter and 5 degreesC colder than today, based on previous modeling. Our simulation of lacustrine change since 15,000 cal yr B.P. is forced by these modeled climate changes. The latest Pleistocene Lake Titicaca was deep, fresh, and overflowing. The latest Pleistocene riverine discharge from the lake was about 8 times greater than the modern average, sufficient to allow the expansion of the great paleolake Tauca on the central Altiplano. The lake delta O-18 value averaged about -13 parts per thousand SMOW (the modern value is about -4.2 parts per thousand). The early Holocene decrease in precipitation caused Lake Titicaca to fall below its outlet and contributed to a rapid desiccation of paleolake Tauca. Continued evaporation caused the 100-m drop in lake level, but only a slight(1-2 parts per thousand) increase (relative to modern) in delta O-18 Of early Holocene lake waters. This Holocene lowstand level of nearly 100 m was most likely produced by a precipitation decrease, relative to modern, of about 40%, The lake was saline as recently as 2000 cal yr B.P. The timing of these hydrologic changes is in general agreement with calculated changes of insolation forcing of the South American summer monsoon, (C) 2001 University of Washington. C1 Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Geol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cross, SL (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Modeling & Predict Div, Code N33, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. NR 46 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1006/qres.2001.2244 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 452LZ UT WOS:000169861000001 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Miller, R Tshiteya, R AF Kostoff, RN Miller, R Tshiteya, R TI Advanced technology development program review - a US Department of the Navy case study SO R & D MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review AB The science and technology (S&T) programs sponsored by the US Department of the Navy (DoN) are divided into three major budget categories: 1. Basic research (6.1) 2. Applied research (6.2) 3. Advanced technology development (6.3) In 1999, DoN commissioned an internal review of the 6.3 program. A 31 member review panel met for 1 week to rate and comment on six evaluation criteria (military goal, military impact, technical approach/payoff, program executability, transitionability (to more advanced development/engineering budget categories or acquisition), overall item evaluation) for each of the 55 presentation topics into which the mid-$500 million per year 6.3 program was categorized. This paper describes the review process, documents insights gained from the review, summarizes key principles for a high-quality S&T evaluation process, and presents a network-centric protocol for future large-scale S&T reviews. Insights gained from both the planning and conduct of the review should be of considerable value when conducting future large-scale 6.3-type reviews, and include the following: 1. Provision of detailed programmatic descriptive material to the panelists and audience before the review is very useful; its value could be enhanced by e-mail interchange between the presenter or facilitator and the panelists before the presentations to clarify outstanding issues and allow for more effective use of actual meeting time. 2. Appropriate use of group-ware could allow: Streamlining the review process with real-time data analysis and aggregation; Remote reviewer participation, thereby minimizing travel and logistics problems; More reviewers to participate in the process, producing a more representative sample of the technical community; Reviewers to be selected for expertise in specific evaluation criteria only, thereby enhancing the credibility of each rating; Sufficient expertise on the panel such that the Jury function (fully independent decision-making) can be separated from the expert witness function (potentially conflicted technical judgement and testimony). 3. When assessing and comparing quality of programs representing multiple disciplines, it is necessary to normalize. Evaluating all programs in one setting is an excellent way to accomplish this objective. Because of the realistic time constraints associated with a single-setting review, depth must be traded off for breadth. This trade-off is acceptable, as long as depth is evaluated by some means during the S&T operational management cycle. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. DDL OMNI Engn Inc, Arlington, VA USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-6807 J9 R&D MANAGE JI R D Manage. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1111/1467-9310.00217 PG 12 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 465LW UT WOS:000170591300005 ER PT J AU Lin, CS AF Lin, CS TI Characteristics of laser-induced inelastic-scattering signals from coastal waters SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; LIDAR; FORM AB This paper describes laser-induced fluorescence and Raman signal measurements from coastal waters. These measurements collect laser-induced signals as a function of laser wavelengths and water temperatures. For each laser wavelength, the laser energies simultaneously induce dissolved organic material (DOM) fluorescence, alga fluorescence, and Raman signals. For the water samples used, these measurements show that DOM and Raman signal amplitudes are insensitive to water temperatures. However, alga fluorescence signals increases slowly with increases in water temperatures. The wavelength-dependent measurements show that Raman signal amplitudes decrease with increases in excitation laser wavelengths between 490 and 535 nm, the wavelength range used in these measurements. The alga fluorescence signal amplitudes also decrease with increase in excitation laser wavelengths. However. these decreases are insignificant compared to that of Raman signals. Within the excitation laser wavelength range studied, the DOM fluorescence does not show significant spectral structures that depend on laser wavelengths. The measurement results suggest optimum laser wavelengths for studying laser-induced inelastic scattering in coastal waters. These data also suggest that for both active and passive coastal water remote sensing, Raman signals may bias alga fluorescence measurement results depending on relative alga fluorescence and Raman signal intensity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7228,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 77 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00198-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 454CT UT WOS:000169955400009 ER PT J AU Chang, TH Yang, CH Yang, MJ Dottellis, JB AF Chang, TH Yang, CH Yang, MJ Dottellis, JB TI Cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope for quantum dot spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE STM; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; VARIABLE-TEMPERATURE; COARSE APPROACH; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LIQUID-HELIUM; NANOSTRUCTURES; CONDUCTANCE; POSITIONER; DEVICES AB We have designed and fabricated a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope for probing lithography defined nanometer-scale devices. The piezoelectric double tube is capable of scanning an area up to 22 mu mx22 mum, while maintaining atomic resolution. In addition, the sample mount has a 5 mmx4 mm traveling range. Most importantly, the system is compact and, as a result, it can be inserted into the bore of a superconducting magnet. In this work, we demonstrate a unique application of scanning tunneling system, i.e., the scanning tip is in direct contact with the sample. The spectroscopic information therefore reflects the true characteristics of the devices under test, unlike the typical case where the tunneling barrier through vacuum imposes a large series resistance, on the order of 10(9) Omega. The design as well as the operation of this compact scanning tunneling microscope is described. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yang@eng.umd.edu NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 72 IS 7 BP 2989 EP 2995 DI 10.1063/1.1379608 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 449BB UT WOS:000169663500022 ER PT J AU Ndubizu, CC Brown, RA Tatem, PA Williams, FW AF Ndubizu, CC Brown, RA Tatem, PA Williams, FW TI Fire hazard assessment in submarine plastic waste stowage compartments SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The paper discusses the results of fire tests designed to quantify the hazards associated with the onboard stowage of the plastic waste bags in proposed stowage compartments for two submarine classes. Ignition tests were conducted with the waste bags outside the compartment. Fire growth and fire extinguishment tests were conducted with the bags inside the compartment with the door open and with the door closed. The test results indicate that the bags are difficult to ignite. Flame spread radially into the bag is difficult because of compaction of the contents. With the door open, fire in the stowage compartment can grow to about a 600 KW fire if the forced ventilation was off or 400 KW fire if the ventilation was on. In each case the fire produced very thick smoke in the early stages. In the closed-door tests, the fire was oxygen limited whether the ventilation was on or off and and the maximum heat release rate was about 1/3 that with the door open. Tn the partially closed door compartment test the fire was also oxygen limited and the maximum heat release rate was of the order of 200 KW. Therefore, fire hazard will be greatly reduced if the door is closed and the forced ventilation is secured. In every test, the fire at its worst stage is controllable in less than one minute using one unit of bottled Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) or a 1.9 cm water hose line. There is, however, a need to thoroughly overhaul the fire after the flames are out. C1 USN, Res Lab, Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 447YV UT WOS:000169600800007 ER PT J AU Malvar, LJ Pendleton, DE Tichy, R AF Malvar, LJ Pendleton, DE Tichy, R TI Fire issues in engineered wood composites for naval waterfront facilities SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Engineered wood materials, also known as wood-plastic composites (WPCs), are being investigated by the U.S. Navy for waterfront construction applications primarily because of their superior durability characteristics compared to wood. Durability, however, reaches beyond structural integrity and biodeterioration effects. Fire performance requirements are also critical issues in the acceptance of new combustible construction materials. To address fire performance issues in waterfront construction test methods and protocols were investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine Navy requirements for waterfront component fire resistance, to identify or develop test protocol requirements, and to initiate small sample fire testing based on those requirements. Currently the Navy's criteria documents defer to NFPA 307, Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers and Wharves, where component cross-sectional area is a determining factor. Because WPCs allow for hollow cross sections, these criteria will need to be modified. Standard rst methods and modifications thereof were assessed for their relevance and potential application to WPCs. In particular, one test method (ASTM E108) was adapted and evaluated for wood-plastic composites, and found to provide good differentiation between various material types. ASTM D1929 was conducted to address building code acceptance criteria. Finally, it was suggested that a modified version of ASTM E119 could be used for further evaluation. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. Washington State Univ, Fed Way, WA USA. RP Malvar, LJ (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 447YV UT WOS:000169600800013 ER PT J AU Gomez, JT Shukla, A Sharma, A AF Gomez, JT Shukla, A Sharma, A TI Static and dynamic behavior of concrete and granite in tension with damage SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID TESTS AB A series of dynamic and static tensile-splitting experiments were performed on concrete and granite specimens to investigate the effect of induced damage on their tensile strength. These experiments were performed as part of a larger effort investigating the penetration process into the two materials. The strain rate each specimen was subjected to remained constant for these experiments, while the level of induced damage was increased. Damage was induced into the specimens through repeated drop-weight impacts and quantified using a statistical technique. The dynamic splitting experiments were performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), while the static splitting experiments were conducted per the ASTM standard procedures D3967 and C496. As part of the investigation, photoelastic dynamic tensile-splitting experiments were also performed to establish the validity of using static relations for the determination of dynamic tensile strength. The experiments showed that the static splitting strength was highly dependent on the orientation of the induced damage with regard to the applied loading; however the dynamic tensile strength decreased with increasing damage with no apparent dependency on the random damage orientation. Photoelastic experiments have shown that the mechanism of failure changes for the dynamically tested damaged specimens, reducing their dependence on damage orientation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Dynam Photomech Lab, 92 Upper Coll Rd,Wales Hall, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8442 J9 THEOR APPL FRACT MEC JI Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0167-8442(01)00054-4 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 469PU UT WOS:000170824700004 ER PT J AU Kimmel, EC AF Kimmel, EC TI A small animal plethysmograph/exposure tube for determination of respiratory mechanics during exposure, using a noninvasive method to measure intrapleural pressure SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE compliance; during exposure; esophageal pressure; noninvasive; resistance ID GUINEA-PIGS; PULMONARY MECHANICS; AIRWAY AB The real-time measurement of changes in respiratory mechanics, primarily dynamic compliance (C-dyn) and airway resistance (R-L), is often used to assess the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled materials, irritants thought to cause reactivity response in the airways. Simple volume displacement plethysmography for measurement of ventilation in spontaneously breathing animals can be adapted for the determination of C-dyn and R-L by including measurement of intrapleural pressure (Ppl). Accurate estimates of Ppl can be obtained by measurement of esophageal pressure (Pes) using transoral insertion of a water-filled catheter. Measurement of Pes does not require surgical intervention as is often required for the measurement of Ppl directly. However, the use of conventional head-out plethysmography to measure ventilation and respiratory mechanics during exposure usually precludes the use of a transoral esophageal catheter to measure Pes. Thus, invasive methods must be used to measure Ppl. The combination head-out plethysmograph/nose-only exposure tube (PET), described in this article is suitable for the measurement of R-L and C-dyn using transoral catheterization for the determination of Pes during exposure. In addition to avoidance of surgical intervention, use of the PET does not interfere with the animal's normal breathing or require extraordinary procedures for connection to a nose-only exposure chamber. Ventilation, breath waveform, and respiratory mechanics measurements in 36 Long-Evans rats demonstrated that neither short-term restraint in the PET. C1 NHRC TD, Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kimmel, EC (reprint author), NHRC TD, Geocenters Inc, Bldg 433,Room 102,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD JUL-SEP PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 173 EP 188 DI 10.1080/105172301316871590 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 487MM UT WOS:000171879000004 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ragno, G Pivacek, L O'Neill, EM AF Valeri, CR Ragno, G Pivacek, L O'Neill, EM TI In vivo survival of apheresis RBCs, frozen with 40-percent (wt/vol) glycerol, deglycerolized in the ACP 215, and stored at 4 degrees C in AS-3 for up to 21 days SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID RED-CELLS; HUMAN BLOOD; STORAGE; RELEASE; PLASMA; VOLUME AB BACKGROUND: The FDA has approved the storage of frozen RBCs at -80 degreesC for 10 years and the postwash storage at 4 degreesC for no more than 24 hours. The 4 degreesC postwash storage period is limited to 24 hours, because the current deglycerolization systems are functionally open systems. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two units of RBCs were collected from each of 13 healthy male volunteers. The RBCs were collected in CP2D by the FDA-approved protocol for an automated apheresis device (MCS, LN8150, Haemonetics) and were stored at 4 degreesC in AS-3 for 6 days. Using a single disposable glycerolization set in an automated, functionally closed system (ACP 215, Haemonetics) each unit was transferred to a 1000-mL PVC plastic bag and glycerolized to a concentration of 40-percent (wt/vol) glycerol and frozen at -80 degreesC. A single disposable deglycerolization set in the ACP 215 was used to deglycerolize the 2 units from the same donor. The deglycerolized RBCs were stored at 4 degreesC in AS-3 for as long as 21 days. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD freeze-thaw-wash recovery value was 89.4 +/- 3 percent. The residual hemolysis in the RBCs stored at 4 degreesC in AS-3 for 21 days after deglycerolization was 0.9 +/- 0.2 percent, and the units were negative for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The mean Nageotte WBC count was 9 x 10(6) per unit. When the deglycerolized RBCs were given as an autologous transfusion after storage at 4 degreesC in AS-3 for the 7- to 18-day period, the mean +/- SD 24-hour posttransfusion survival was 77 +/- 7 percent, and the index of therapeutic effectiveness was 69 +/- 8 percent. CONCLUSION: Two units of human RBCs collected from a single donor by apheresis in the MCS using an LN8150 set can be glycerolized sequentially with a single disposable set and deglycerolized sequentially with another single disposable set in the ACP 215. The previously frozen RBCs stored in AS-3 for 7 to 18 days at 4 degreesC had acceptable hemolysis and an acceptable mean 24-hour posttransfusion survival value and index of therapeutic effectiveness. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Amer Res Cross Blood Serv, Dedham, MA USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, 615 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2001 VL 41 IS 7 BP 928 EP 932 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41070928.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 451PH UT WOS:000169810100012 PM 11452162 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ragno, G Pivacek, LE Srey, R Hess, JR Lippert, LE Mettille, F Fahie, R O'Neill, EM Szymanski, IO AF Valeri, CR Ragno, G Pivacek, LE Srey, R Hess, JR Lippert, LE Mettille, F Fahie, R O'Neill, EM Szymanski, IO TI A multicenter study of in vitro and in vivo values in human RBCs frozen with 40-percent (wt/vol) glycerol and stored after deglycerolization for 15 days at 4 degrees C in AS-3: assessment of RBC processing in the ACP 215 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID RED-CELLS; VIABILITY; PLASMA; BLOOD AB BACKGROUND: The FDA has approved the storage of frozen RBCs at -80 degreesC for 10 years. After deglycerolization, the RBCs can be stored at 4 degreesC for no more than 24 hours, because open systems are currently being used. Five laboratoris have been evaluating an automated, functionally closed system (ACP 215, Haemonetics) for both the glycerolization and deglycerolization processes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Studies were performed at three military sites and two civilian sites. Each site performed in vitro testing of 20 units of RBCs. In addition, one military site and two civilian sites conducted autologous transfusion studies on ten units of previously frozen, deglycerolized RBCs that had been stored at 4 degreesC in AS-3 for 15 days. At one of the civilian sites, 10 volunteers received autologous transfusions on two occasions in a randomized manner, once with previously frozen RBCs that had been stored at 4 degreesC in AS-3 for 15 days after deglycerolization and once with liquid-preserved RBCs that had been stored at 4 degreesC in AS-1 for 42 days. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD in vitro freeze-thaw-wash recovery value was 87 +/- 5 percent; the mean +/- SD supernatant osmolality on the day of deglycerolization was 297 +/- 5 mOsm per kg of H2O, and the mean +/- SD percentage of hemolysis after storage at 4"C in AS-3 for 15 days was 0.60 +/- 0.2 percent. The paired data from the study of 10 persons at the civilian site showed a mean +/- SD 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 76 +/- 6 percent for RBCs that had been stored at 4"C for 15 days after deglycerolization and 72 +/- 5 percent for RBCs stored at 4"C in AS-1 for 42 days. At the three sites at which 24-hour posttransfusion survival values were measured by three double-label procedures, a mean +/- SD 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 77 +/- 9 percent was observed for 36 autologous transfusions to 12 females and 24 males of previously frozen RBCs that had been stored at 4 degreesC in AS-3 for 15 days after deglycerolization. CONCLUSION: The multicenter study showed the acceptable quality of RBCs that were glycerolized and deglycerolized in the automated ACP 215 instrument and stored in AS-3 at 4 degreesC for 15 days. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr Great Lakes, Great Lakes, IL USA. Amer Red Cross Blood Serv, Dedham, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, 615 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 20 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2001 VL 41 IS 7 BP 933 EP 939 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41070933.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 451PH UT WOS:000169810100013 PM 11452163 ER PT J AU Sheldon, ES Annis, J Bohringer, H Fischer, P Frieman, JA Joffre, M Johnston, D McKay, TA Miller, C Nichol, RC Stebbins, A Voges, W Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Munn, JA Pier, JR York, DG AF Sheldon, ES Annis, J Bohringer, H Fischer, P Frieman, JA Joffre, M Johnston, D McKay, TA Miller, C Nichol, RC Stebbins, A Voges, W Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Munn, JA Pier, JR York, DG TI Weak-lensing measurements of 42 SDSS/RASS galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe; X-rays : general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; REDSHIFT SURVEY; DISTRIBUTIONS; CATALOG AB We pwresent a lensing study of 42 galaxy clusters imaged in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning data. Cluster candidates are selected optically from SDSS imaging data and confirmed for this study by matching to X-ray sources found independently in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS). Five-color SDSS photometry is used to make accurate (Deltaz = 0.018) photometric redshift estimates that are used to rescale and combine the lensing measurements. The mean shear from these clusters is detected to 2 h(-1) Mpc at the 7 sigma level, corresponding to a mass within that radius of (4.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(14) h(-1) M-.. The shear profile is well fitted by a power law with index -0.9 +/- 0.3, consistent with that of an isothermal density profile. Clusters are divided by X-ray luminosity into two subsets, with mean of L-X (0.14 +/- 0.03) x 10(44) and (1.0 +/- 0.09) x 10(44) h(-2) ergs s(-1). The average lensing signal is converted to a projected mass density based on fits to isothermal density profiles. From this we calculate a mean r(500) (the radius at which the mean density falls to 500 times the critical density) and M( 300 g). This should permit entry into many ring-A oxygenated indole alkaloids when coupled with the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction. In addition, an improved total synthesis of tryprostatin A (9a) was accomplished in 43% overall yield employing this palladium-mediated process. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 91 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUN 29 PY 2001 VL 66 IS 13 BP 4525 EP 4542 DI 10.1021/jo001679s PG 18 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 446WG UT WOS:000169536700009 PM 11421771 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF AF Grinstein, FF TI Vortex dynamics and entrainment in rectangular free jets SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FREE SQUARE JETS; ELLIPTIC JETS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; COHERENT STRUCTURES; NONCIRCULAR JETS; SHEAR FLOWS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; TURBULENT FLOWS; MIXING LAYER AB Simulations of low-aspect-ratio, rectangular free jets are presented. The investigations focus on the entrainment and transitional vortex dynamics in compressible (subsonic) jets initialized with laminar conditions, a thin vortex sheet with slightly rounded-off corner regions, and uniform initial momentum thickness. A monotonically integrated large-eddy simulation approach based on the solution of the unsteady flow equations with high-resolution monotone algorithms is used. Inherent uncertainties in the jet entrainment measurement process are addressed using the database from laboratory experiments and simulations. Vorticity geometries characterizing the near flow field of low aspect-ratio (A) rectangular jets are demonstrated, involving: (i) self-deforming and (ii) splitting vortex rings; interacting ring and braid (rib) vortices including (iii) single ribs aligned with corner regions (A greater than or equal to 2) and (iv) rib pairs aligned with the corners (A = 1); (v) a more disorganized flow regime in the far jet downstream, where the rotational-fluid volume is occupied by a relatively weak vorticity background with strong, slender tube-like filament vortices filling a small fraction of the domain - as observed in fully developed turbulent flows. The near field entrainment properties of low-A rectangular jets are shown to be largely determined by the characteristic A-dependent coupling geometry of interacting rib and ring vortices and by vortex-ring axis-switching times. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI tian, hongzhou/M-7867-2015 OI tian, hongzhou/0000-0003-1402-3855 NR 78 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUN 25 PY 2001 VL 437 BP 69 EP 101 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 451VU UT WOS:000169823700005 ER PT J AU Paluch, M Ngai, KL Hensel-Bielowka, S AF Paluch, M Ngai, KL Hensel-Bielowka, S TI Pressure and temperature dependences of the relaxation dynamics of cresolphthalein-dimethylether: Evidence of contributions from thermodynamics and molecular interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; EPOXY-RESIN; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; PLASTIC CRYSTALS; COUPLING MODEL; TRANSITION; VISCOSITY AB The relaxation dynamics of a low molecular supercooled liquid, cresolphthalein-dimethylether (KDE), has been investigated in the vicinity of glass transition temperature by dielectric relaxation measurements. Glass transition is approached and studied by the use of isothermal and isobaric paths. Under isobaric condition, the departure of the correlation function of the alpha -relaxation from exponential decay with time (nonexponentiality) is even less than the intermediate liquids such as glycerol. However, the T-g-scaled temperature dependence of the alpha -relaxation time, tau, resembles "fragile" glass-formers like orthoterphenyl (OTP). Thus KDE, like propylene carbonate (PC) that has in common a basic chemical structural unit, is an exception to the correlation between "fragility" and nonexponentiality found to hold for most glass formers. The dielectric relaxation measurements with the application of pressure show that KDE has large pressure coefficient of the glass transition temperature, (dT(g)/dP)(P -->0), or large activation volume, typically of "fragile" glass-formers. However, unlike "fragile" glass-formers, the change of the scaled activation volume with log tau for KDE is slow, comparable with that of glycerol. The dielectric dispersion of KDE as a function of frequency at different pressure and temperature combinations has an excess high frequency wing but no resolved Johari-Goldstein beta -relaxation, resembling that of intermediate liquids. Thus the variable pressure and temperature measurements of the relaxation dynamics show that KDE (and likewise PC) behaves like a "fragile" liquid in some properties and an intermediate liquid in other properties. Previously it has been proposed that there are two distinct factors that determine the molecular dynamics of glass formers, one from thermodynamics and the other from cooperative many-body dynamics. We explain this split character of KDE and PC by the prominence of the thermodynamics factor, possibly due to the unique basic chemical structural unit they have in common. The prominent thermodynamics factor gives rise to properties, such as the T-g-scaled temperature dependence of the alpha -relaxation time and large (dT(g)/dP)(P -->0), that resemble "fragile" liquids. While the cooperative many-body dynamics in KDE and PC is weak as evidenced by low degree of nonexponentiality of the alpha -relaxation correlation function. Consequently some properties, including the shape of the dielectric dispersion, coincide with that of intermediate liquids. The explanation is supported by the comparison of adiabatic calorimetric data of PC and OTP to show that indeed the thermodynamics factor in PC is like that of a very "fragile" liquid. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Max Planck Inst Polymerforsch, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Paluch, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymerforsch, Postfach 31 48, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. NR 76 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 24 BP 10872 EP 10883 DI 10.1063/1.1374556 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 441HL UT WOS:000169224900038 ER PT J AU Pond, JM AF Pond, JM TI Modes of Mobius resonator SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The modes in a Mobius wire-loaded cavity resonator;are discussed. In addition to the higher order Mobius modes, which occur at odd integer multiples of the fundamental mode resonant frequency, a set of modes, which occur at approximately even integer multiples of the fundamental Mobius resonant frequency, are discussed. These modes arise from the presence of the cavity wall and are related to even modes of a coupled line system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pond, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 21 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 13 BP 836 EP 838 DI 10.1049/el:20010573 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 449QD UT WOS:000169697100023 ER PT J AU Kleiman, VD Melinger, JS McMorrow, D AF Kleiman, VD Melinger, JS McMorrow, D TI Ultrafast dynamics of electronic excitations in a light-harvesting phenylacetylene dendrimer SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; ANTENNA SUPERMOLECULES; MACROMOLECULES AB Femtosecond degenerate pump-probe spectroscopy is used to investigate the ultrafast dynamics of electronic excitations in the nanostar dendrimer. The laser wavelength was chosen to preferentially excite the 2-ring peripheral phenylacetylene chromophores, or the 3-ring intermediate phenylacetylene chromophores. The transients reveal several components with relaxation times ranging from several hundred femtoseconds to tens of picoseconds, depending on the excitation wavelength. The experimental transients resulting from excitation of the 2-ring chromophores are interpreted in terms of Forster energy transfer, which predicts energy transfer rates that are consistent with the experimental measurements. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Melinger, JS (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 6820, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kleiman, Valeria/H-7818-2013 OI Kleiman, Valeria/0000-0002-9975-6558 NR 14 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 24 BP 5595 EP 5598 DI 10.1021/jp010208m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 443YQ UT WOS:000169371500004 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, D Samant, MP Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, D Samant, MP Karle, IL TI Self-assembling, cystine-derived, fused nanotubes based on spirane architecture: Design, synthesis, and crystal structure of cystinospiranes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE NANOTUBES; CASCADE POLYMERS; CYCLIC-PEPTIDES; HYDRODYNAMIC RADII; ION-TRANSPORT; FAMILY; CYCLODEPSIPEPTIDES; ACID; MACROMOLECULES; DENDRIMERS AB A novel family of cystine-based spirobicyclic peptides (cystinospiranes) has been synthesized by a single-step procedure involving condensation of pentaerythritol-derived tetrachloride with either the simple L-cystine dimethyl ester or its C,C'-extended bispeptides leading to a variety of 19-membered spirobicyclic peptides or its N,N'-extended bispeptides affording the ring-expanded 25-membered cystinospiranes. The design is flexible with respect to the ring size that can be adjusted depending upon the length of the N,N'-extended cystine bispeptide, and the choice of an amino acid, as illustrated here with the preparation of a large number of cystinospiranes containing a wide variety of amino acids. X-ray crystal structure of the parent spirane (5a) revealed nanotube formation by vertical stacking of relatively flat spirobicyclic molecules through contiguous NH- - -O=C hydrogen bonding. The fused pair of parallel nanotubes is open-ended, hollow, and extends to infinity. Crystallographic parameters are the following: C33H52N4O16S4, space group C2, a = 42.181(3) Angstrom, b = 5.1165(7) Angstrom, c = 11.8687(9) Angstrom, beta = 106.23(1)degrees. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, D (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. FU PHS HHS [30902] NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 20 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 24 BP 5619 EP 5624 DI 10.1021/ja0101734 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 443JQ UT WOS:000169338400001 PM 11403591 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Rizos, A Roland, CM AF Mott, PH Rizos, A Roland, CM TI Optical birefringence of polyisobutylene during creep and recovery SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS POLYMER NETWORKS; STRAIN BIREFRINGENCE; RUBBER; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Creep and recovery rheooptical measurements were conducted on linear polyisobutylenes, with viscosity-average molecular weights in the range from 4.2 x 10(5) to 4.7 x 10(6) g/mol. To isolate the contribution of chain ends to the birefringence, the temperature of each experiment was adjusted to yield equivalent creep strains for each sample. Higher molecular weight PIE exhibited less change in the birefringence during creep, but the birefringence during recovery was independent of molecular weight. The sign of the birefringence during the stress-free recovery was opposite (i.e., corresponding to tension) to that during creep, even though the macroscopic deformation was compression. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Dept Chem, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. Dept Res & Technol, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Rizos, Apostolos/F-6807-2011 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 19 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 13 BP 4476 EP 4479 DI 10.1021/ma010068e PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 442NH UT WOS:000169291500028 ER PT J AU Reid, JS Jonsson, HH Smith, MH Smirnov, A AF Reid, JS Jonsson, HH Smith, MH Smirnov, A TI Evolution of the vertical profile and flux of large sea-salt particles in a coastal zone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; FILM DROPS; ATLANTIC; MODEL AB In the vicinity of the North Carolina Outer Banks we observed both steady onshore flow conditions and a continental air mass transition into a marine boundary layer. Using the CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft, we measured changes in the column burden of sea salt as the air mass was advected out to sea. We also measured the flux of whitecap-generated sea-salt particles in neutrally stable atmosphere at wind speeds of 4, 8, and 12 m s(-1). Production of salt particles as small as 0.27 mum in diameter was observed. Furthermore, we measured salt particle size distributions at various wind speeds during along shore wind and near steady state conditions. Using these measurements as a frame of reference, we discuss the very large differences in the reported size and flux of sea salt presented in the literature. The disagreement in reported salt fluxes is larger for smaller-sized particles (almost an order of magnitude) and is most likely due to assumptions made when the fluxes were computed, especially the particle dry deposition velocity and air mass history. However, for giant salt particles with short atmospheric lifetimes (> similar to 10 mum in diameter), there is general agreement between fluxes and size distributions measured in this study and previous ones. Reported salt particle size distributions in the literature also vary considerably under similar steady wind and stability conditions. From these and our results it is clear that no more than half of the variance in salt particle concentration can be explained by wind speed alone, suggesting that the idea of "steady state" in the marine boundary layer rarely exists at midlatitudes. C1 SPAWAR Syst Ctr San Diego, Atmospher Propogat Branch, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Reid, JS (reprint author), SPAWAR Syst Ctr San Diego, Atmospher Propogat Branch, Code D858,49170 Propogat Path, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM jreid@spawar.navy.mil; hjonsson@nps.navy.mil; m.h.smith@env.leeds.ac.uk; asmirnov@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955 NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D11 BP 12039 EP 12053 DI 10.1029/2000JD900848 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 442TC UT WOS:000169300200025 ER PT J AU Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS AF Riffenburgh, RH Johnstone, PAS TI Survival patterns of cancer patients SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE survival; cancer; cancer stage; growth curve; death rates; Gompertz curve; early detection; breast carcinoma; cervical carcinoma; pancreatic carcinoma; bone cancer; malignant melanoma AB BACKGROUND, Optimal means of modeling death rates of large populations with a specific disease have not been described in the literature. METHODS. Statistical modeling was used on archival data. RESULTS. In the authors' prior publications describing the survival of untreated cancer patients, data that were adequately fitted by an exponential curve were found to be much better fitted by an inverse Gompertz curve (R-2 = 99.7% for untreated breast carcinoma, 99.9% for untreated cervical carcinoma). However, when data from treated patients are examined, fits show that successive stages begin at successive positions on the inverse Gompertz curve. Breast carcinoma data showed that treatment begun at an early stage raised survival to a linear decline; at an intermediate stage led to a modified inverse Gompertz, the earlier the stage at which therapy was begun, the greater the survival rate; and at a late stage exhibited an exponential decline showing a negligible effect of late treatment. Confidence in this approach was enhanced by its applicability using published data from the National Cancer Database for breast, pancreatic, bone, and skin cancers. CONCLUSIONS, The use of data modeling allowed us to assess realistically the value of intervention in cancer populations and to optimize staging schemas. It strongly reinforced the concept that early detection provides a far greater impact on a population's subsequent survival than therapy of advanced disease. Published 2001 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Riffenburgh, RH (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 91 IS 12 BP 2469 EP 2475 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(20010615)91:12<2469::AID-CNCR1282>3.0.CO;2-U PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 443NX UT WOS:000169348200033 PM 11413539 ER PT J AU Randall, CE Siskind, DE Bevilacqua, RM AF Randall, CE Siskind, DE Bevilacqua, RM TI Stratospheric NOx enhancements in the southern hemisphere vortex in winter/spring of 2000 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR VORTEX; TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; NITROGEN; DESCENT; OZONE AB POAM III data show unusually large increases in stratospheric NO2 throughout the late winter and spring at high southern latitudes during 2000. Using HALOE CH4 data as a tracer of vertical descent, we conclude that excess NOx was created by particle impacts in the upper atmosphere and descended in the polar vortex during the winter. We speculate that these NOx enhancements were due to the solar proton event that occurred on 14-15 July 2000, and show that they caused reductions of up to similar to 45% in middle stratospheric ozone mixing ratios. Comparison of HALOE and POAM data in 2000 to data from 1991-1999 suggests that the 2000 NOx enhancements were the largest ever documented by satellite in the southern hemisphere middle stratosphere. Also, based on H2O data, we conclude that NOx-enriched air observed in the south polar vortex from 1991-1999 originated in the mesosphere, not the thermosphere as is often assumed. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Randall, CE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 18 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2385 EP 2388 DI 10.1029/2000GL012746 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 472WT UT WOS:000171008500024 ER PT J AU Marchand, H Zhao, L Zhang, N Moran, B Coffie, R Mishra, UK Speck, JS DenBaars, SP Freitas, JA AF Marchand, H Zhao, L Zhang, N Moran, B Coffie, R Mishra, UK Speck, JS DenBaars, SP Freitas, JA TI Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of GaN on Si(111): Stress control and application to field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ALN BUFFER LAYERS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PHASE EPITAXY; DEFECT STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; (111)SI SUBSTRATE; GROWTH; SILICON AB Two schemes of nucleation and growth of gallium nitride on Si(111) substrates are investigated and the structural and electrical properties of the resulting films are reported. Gallium nitride films grown using a 10-500 nm-thick AlN buffer layer deposited at high temperature (similar to 1050 degreesC) are found to be under 260-530 MPa of tensile stress and exhibit cracking, the origin of which is discussed. The threading dislocation density in these films increases with increasing AlN thickness, covering a range of 1.1 to >5.8 x 10(9) cm(-2). Films grown using a thick, AlN-to-GaN graded buffer layer are found to be under compressive stress and are completely crack free. Heterojunction field effect transistors fabricated on such films result in well-defined saturation and pinch-off behavior with a saturated current of similar to 525 mA/mm and a transconductance of similar to 100 mS/mm in dc operation. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, ESTD Elect Mat Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marchand, H (reprint author), Agil Commun Inc, 600 Pine Ave, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011 NR 52 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 7 U2 53 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 12 BP 7846 EP 7851 DI 10.1063/1.1372160 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440PM UT WOS:000169183500023 ER PT J AU Gershon, D Calame, JP Birnboim, A AF Gershon, D Calame, JP Birnboim, A TI Complex permittivity measurements and mixings laws of alumina composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENDED COAXIAL PROBE; MICROWAVE AB The effect of microstructure on the complex permittivity of alumina composites was studied. Three different algebraic mixing laws (Maxwell-Garnett, effective medium approximation, and the Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga formula) inaccurately predicted the measured complex permittivities of alumina/silicon carbide and alumina/copper oxide composites. The imaginary part of the complex permittivity of the four-phase composites depends significantly on the absorbed water and microstructure. Accurate calculations require that the microstructure of the composite be examined and incorporated into the electrostatic model. Incorporating the general physical characteristics of the composites enabled a three-dimensional electrostatic model to accurately predict the permittivities of four-phase composites with different microstructures. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gershon, D (reprint author), Intel Corp, 5200 NE Elam Young Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 12 BP 8110 EP 8116 DI 10.1063/1.1369400 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440PM UT WOS:000169183500068 ER PT J AU Gershon, D Calame, JP Birnboim, A AF Gershon, D Calame, JP Birnboim, A TI Complex permittivity measurements and mixing laws of porous alumina SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; CAVITY AB The dependence of the permittivity of porous alumina on the microstructure was studied. Three different algebraic mixing laws inaccurately predicted the measured effective permittivity of the three-phase material, which was alumina, air, and water. Finite-difference electrostatic simulations of physically realistic microstructures accurately predicted the experimental results. The electrostatic simulations also provided physical insight into the arrangement of water in the material and its significant effect on the effective permittivity. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gershon, D (reprint author), Intel Corp, 5200 NE Elam Young Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 12 BP 8117 EP 8120 DI 10.1063/1.1369401 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440PM UT WOS:000169183500069 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Weidemann, A Arnone, R Davis, CO AF Johnson, DR Weidemann, A Arnone, R Davis, CO TI Chesapeake Bay outflow plume and coastal upwelling events: Physical and optical properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE; SHELF AB One of a series of Chesapeake Outflow Plume Experiments, COPE-2, was conducted in May 1997 along the coast of Virginia/North Carolina. The objective of this experiment was to describe the coastal buoyancy jet formed by the outflow of water from Chesapeake Bay, its dispersion into midshelf, and the optical property changes that accompany these events. Wind forcing scales of 3-5 days were responsible for formation of the jet (downwelling favorable winds) and its dispersion (upwelling favorable winds). During downwelling favorable events the jet established itself along the coast with speeds exceeding 0.5 m s(-1), slowing and becoming more stable as it progressed. Downwelling circulation helped maintain the jet against the coast, and variations in wind strength produced wavelike variations in jet width. During upwelling favorable events, water from the jet was dispersed into midshelf in a thin near-surface layer. Optical surrogates for dissolved organic matter (DOM), chlorophyll, and suspended particles were formed using data from a pumped optical absorption/attenuation meter (ac-9). High loads of these materials were associated with the buoyancy jet and were subsequently dispersed into midshelf during upwelling events. During mature upwelling states, nearshore increases in chlorophyll and suspended particles mimicked the plume load, although relatively low levels of DOM made it separable from plume water by analysis of the optical signature. Upwelling relaxation fronts in these optical conditions could be seen. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C6 BP 11613 EP 11622 DI 10.1029/1999JC000185 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 442TU UT WOS:000169301700015 ER PT J AU Elgar, S Gallagher, EL Guza, RT AF Elgar, S Gallagher, EL Guza, RT TI Nearshore sandbar migration SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL; SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; BEACH; SUSPENSION; BISPECTRA; EVOLUTION AB Field observations suggest that onshore sandbar migration, observed when breaking-wave-driven mean flows are weak, may be related to the skewed fluid accelerations associated with the orbital velocities of nonlinear surface waves. Large accelerations (both increases and decreases in velocity magnitudes), previously suggested to increase sediment suspension, occur under the steep wave faces that immediately precede the maximum onshore-directed orbital velocities. Weaker accelerations occur under the gently sloping rear wave faces that precede the maximum offshore-directed velocities. The timing of strong accelerations relative to onshore flow is hypothesized to produce net onshore sediment transport. The observed acceleration skewness, a measure of the difference in the magnitudes of accelerations under the front and rear wave faces, is maximum near the sandbar crest. The corresponding cross-shore gradients of an acceleration-related onshore sediment transport would cause erosion offshore and accretion onshore of the bar crest, consistent with the observed onshore migration of the bar crest. Furthermore, the observations and numerical simulations of nonlinear shallow water waves show that the region of strongly skewed accelerations moves shoreward with the bar, suggesting that feedback between waves and evolving morphology can result in continuing onshore bar migration. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies 0209, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Elgar, S (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MS11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM elgar@whoi.edu; lag@nps.navy.mil; rtg@coast.ucsd.edu NR 27 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C6 BP 11623 EP 11627 DI 10.1029/2000JC000389 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 442TU UT WOS:000169301700016 ER PT J AU Haney, RL Hale, RA Dietrich, DE AF Haney, RL Hale, RA Dietrich, DE TI Offshore propagation of eddy kinetic energy in the California Current SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OCEAN DYNAMICS; CIRCULATION AB Low-pass-filtered velocities obtained from surface drifters and surface geostrophic velocities estimated from TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data have recently revealed a clear and robust seasonal cycle in the surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the California Current (CC) [Kelly et al., 1998; Strub and James, 2000]. The seasonal cycle begins in spring when a surface-intensified baroclinic equatorward jet develops next to the coast in response to strong upwelling favorable winds. This jet, and a developing eddy field, then moves offshore during summer and fall. The EKE maximum associated with the jet progresses only as far as 127 degreesW, beyond which it decreases rapidly. This is a robust characteristic of the seasonal cycle that has been previously attributed only to an unspecified dissipation process. To investigate this aspect of the surface EKE, a multiyear simulation of the CC is carried out using the Dietrich/Center for Air-Sea Technology primitive equation regional ocean model [Dietrich, 1997]. The simulation accurately reproduces many aspects of the observed annual cycle, including the offshore propagation of the EKE at the surface. The model results indicate that the decrease of surface EKE west of 127 degreesW in the simulation is not due to dissipation but rather is caused by the vertical redistribution of EKE to the deep ocean. This redistribution occurs through the transformation of kinetic energy from the vertical shear flow to the vertical mean flow. The transformation is a nonlinear process inherently associated with the life cycle of baroclinically unstable waves, and in the CC, it effectively energizes the deeper ocean at the expense of the upper ocean. The process is also known to be important in the atmosphere [Wiin-Nielsen, 1962]. Taken together, the recent California Current observations and the new model results strongly suggest that the CC regularly supplies EKE to the deep waters of the eastern North Pacific. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. AcuSea Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Rm 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C6 BP 11709 EP 11717 DI 10.1029/2000JC000433 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 442TU UT WOS:000169301700023 ER PT J AU Bollt, EM Stanford, T Lai, YC Zyczkowski, K AF Bollt, EM Stanford, T Lai, YC Zyczkowski, K TI What symbolic dynamics do we get with a misplaced partition? On the validity of threshold crossings analysis of chaotic time-series SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article DE symbol dynamics; topological entropy; kneading theory; devil's staircase ID COMMUNICATION; CONSTRUCTION AB An increasingly popular method of encoding chaotic time-series from physical experiments is the so-called threshold crossings technique, where one simply replaces the real valued data with symbolic data of relative positions to an arbitrary partition at discrete times. The implication has been that this symbolic encoding describes the original dynamical system. On the other hand, the literature on generating partitions of non-hyperbolic dynamical systems has shown that a good partition is non-trivial to find. It is believed that the generating partition of non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical system connects "primary tangencies", which are generally not simple Lines as used by a threshold crossings. Therefore, we investigate consequences of using itineraries generated by a non-generating partition. We do most of our rigorous analysis using the tent map as a benchmark example, but show numerically that our results likely generalize. In summary, we find the misrepresentation of the dynamical system by "sample-path" symbolic dynamics of an arbitrary partition can be severe, including (sometimes extremely) diminished topological entropy, and a high degree of non-uniqueness. Interestingly, we find topological entropy as a function of misplacement to be devil's staircase-like, but surprisingly non-monotone. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All right reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Dept 3MB, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Syst Sci & Engn Res, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. PAN, Ctr Fiz Teoret, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fiz Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Zyczkowski, Karol/G-4390-2011 NR 44 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00242-1 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 439DD UT WOS:000169094800008 ER PT J AU Barvosa-Carter, W Twigg, ME Yang, MJ Whitman, LJ AF Barvosa-Carter, W Twigg, ME Yang, MJ Whitman, LJ TI Microscopic characterization of InAs/In0.28GaSb0.72/InAs/AlSb laser structure interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ANTIMONIDE-BASED HETEROSTRUCTURES; QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; WELL LASERS; ROUGHNESS; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT AB We have used cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study InAs/In0.28Ga0.72Sb/InAs/AlSb strained-layer heterostructures designed for use in infrared lasers. The samples came from the same material previously characterized by photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray diffraction [M. J. Yang et al., J. Appl. Phys. 86, 1796 (1999)]. Several structures grown at different temperatures and with either III-As or III-Sb-like interfacial bonds have been characterized. Analysis of high-resolution TEM images finds the same degree of interfacial roughness (similar to1 ML) for both III-As and III-Sb interfacial bonded heterostructures, despite significantly greater PL intensity in the latter. We also implement and compare two different methods for analyzing the interfacial roughness using XSTM; both show that the crucial InAs/InGaSb interface is rougher in the samples grown at high temperature. Even in samples grown at the optimal temperature (similar to 440 degreesC), XSTM reveals intermixing at the AlSb-on-InAs interfaces, as well as unexpected differences in the interfacial bond types at the InAs-on-AlSb vs AlSb-on-InAs interfaces. Whereas all layers grown at or below the optimal growth temperature appear defect-free in TEM, threading dislocations are observed in samples grown at higher temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitman, LJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lloyd.whitman@nrl.navy.mil RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 24 AR 245311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.245311 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 446TX UT WOS:000169531200050 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Rajagopal, AK AF Pande, CS Rajagopal, AK TI Uniqueness and self similarity of size distributions in grain growth and coarsening SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain growth; coarsening ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICAL FORMULATION; STOCHASTIC-THEORY; STRONG SELECTION; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; ENTROPY AB The late stage statistical self-similarity or scaling observed in normal grain growth and coarsening are derived from a model for their evolution using a Fokker-Planck equation obtained from stochastic considerations. Using a suitably generalized H-theorem, it is shown that there is indeed a unique slate (selfsimilar state) evolving from an arbitrary initial state. The time dependence of the appropriate average sizes in normal grain growth, bubble growth, and coarsening are deduced from this model. Multiple self-similar states in some previous models based on mean field treatment do not appear in the present analysis. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN 13 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1805 EP 1811 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00080-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 436YH UT WOS:000168963100012 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Lu, Q AF Collins, GE Lu, Q TI Microfabricated capillary electrophoresis sensor for uranium (VI) SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium (VI); microchip; capillary electrophoresis; arsenate III ID PLANAR CHIPS TECHNOLOGY; MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS; ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; ARSENATE-III; SEPARATION; COMPLEXATION; DEVICES; MINIATURIZATION; LANTHANIDES; ABSORBENCY AB Arsenate III, a metallochromic ligand colorimetrically sensitive to the metal complexation of lanthanide and actinide metal ions, is applied to a capillary electrophoresis microchip for the detection of uranium (VI) and various lanthanide metal ions. The glass microchip contained 100 mum deep by 200 mum wide microchannels etched in a simple cross pattern with an 80 mm separation channel length and an 8 mm injection channel length. Detection of the Arsenate III metal complexes is achieved using a red light emitting diode (LED) light source and a photodiode array detector. Carbowax 20M is incorporated into the background electrolyte in order to eliminate the electroosmotic flow and prevent dye adsorption on the microchannel walls. Separation of uranium from four lanthanide metal ions is demonstrated in under 2 min. The addition of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to the background electrolyte is found to be an effective means of eliminating any interference from lanthanide, transition and alkaline earth metal ions. Direct load injection of a pre-complexed metal ion mixture onto the microchannel gave a detection limit of 23 ppb uranium (VI) in the presence of seven lanthanide impurities (1.5 ppm each) in under 55 s. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUN 12 PY 2001 VL 436 IS 2 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00903-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 442GE UT WOS:000169276200001 ER PT J AU Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Wu, HZ Xu, G Khosravani, S Shi, Z AF Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Wu, HZ Xu, G Khosravani, S Shi, Z TI Low-threshold optically pumped lambda=4.4 mu m vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a PbSe quantum-well active region SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DIODE-LASERS; W-LASERS; OPERATION AB We report pulsed emission from an optically pumped lead-salt vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a PbSe/PbSrSe quantum-well active region. The lasing wavelength of lambda = 4.44 mum is nearly constant over the temperature range 200-280 K, and the threshold is only 10.5 kW/cm(2) at 260 K, where the gain peak and cavity mode are in resonance. Over 330 mW of peak power is emitted at 260 K, into a circular beam whose divergence angle increases with pump intensity. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Felix, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 24 BP 3770 EP 3772 DI 10.1063/1.1378808 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 441JA UT WOS:000169226200002 ER PT J AU Wang, YG Reeves, ME Kim, WJ Horwitz, JS Rachford, FJ AF Wang, YG Reeves, ME Kim, WJ Horwitz, JS Rachford, FJ TI Uniaxial dielectric anisotropy in Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films studied by evanescent-probe microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SRTIO3 THIN-FILMS; MICROWAVE PROPERTIES; CONSTANT; STRESS AB The dielectric permittivity, tunability (Delta epsilon/epsilon), and loss tangent of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) films grown by pulsed-laser deposition are studied by near-held microwave microscopy. Based on theoretical simulations, a method is developed to measure the uniaxial dielectric anisotropy, epsilon (perpendicular to)/epsilon (parallel to), in BST films grown at different oxygen pressures. The measured epsilon (perpendicular to)/epsilon (parallel to) decreases with the film-growth oxygen pressure, consistent with the structural anisotropy. The films prepared at 50 mT, with epsilon (perpendicular to) approximate to epsilon (parallel to), have the highest permittivity, tunability, and figure of merit. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YG (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 24 BP 3872 EP 3874 DI 10.1063/1.1377628 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 441JA UT WOS:000169226200036 ER PT J AU Ji, Y Strijkers, GJ Yang, FY Chien, CL Byers, JM Anguelouch, A Xiao, G Gupta, A AF Ji, Y Strijkers, GJ Yang, FY Chien, CL Byers, JM Anguelouch, A Xiao, G Gupta, A TI Determination of the spin polarization of half-metallic CrO2 by point contact Andreev reflection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROMAGNETS AB Andreev reflection at a Pb/CrO2 point contact has been used to determine the spin polarization of single-crystal CrO2 films made by chemical vapor deposition. The spin polarization is found to be 0.96 +/- 0.01, which confirms that CrO2 is a half-metallic ferromagnet, as theoretically predicted. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Ji, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Strijkers, Gustav/H-3158-2011; Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012; Xiao, Gang/G-5691-2011 NR 23 TC 328 Z9 334 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 24 BP 5585 EP 5588 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5585 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 441PV UT WOS:000169239500045 PM 11415307 ER PT J AU Rilee, ML Doschek, GA AF Rilee, ML Doschek, GA TI Solar flare Doppler blueshifted soft X-ray emission and hard X-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : flares; sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID BRAGG CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; THERMAL NONTHERMAL MODEL; CA-XIX; YOHKOH; LOOP; HOT; ACCELERATION; MISSION AB Hard X-ray emission and the dynamics of soft X-ray emitting plasma are among the most immediate manifestations of solar flare energy release. To understand better the early impulsive phase of solar flare energy release, we have examined Ca XIX and Fe XXV soft X-ray resonance line spectra that exhibit strong blue-wing asymmetries from 32 flares. These spectra were obtained with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer on the Japanese Yohkoh spacecraft, which is up to 10 times more sensitive than previously flown crystal spectrometers. The increased sensitivity allowed the comparison of Doppler blueshifted X-ray emission to hard X-ray emission observed with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory's Burst and Transient Source Experiment, the Yohkoh Wide Band Spectrometer, and Yahkoh Hard X-Ray Telescope. We found that (I) hard X-ray burst light curves and resonance line blue-wing light curves are similar for most flares that exhibit strong blueshifts; (2) the time evolution of the intensity ratio of the blue wing to the peak unshifted spectral component resembles higher energy hard X-ray emission more closely than the blue-wing light curve alone; (3) though many flares had blue-wing/resonance peak ratios that resembled or peaked at the same time as the hard X-ray burst, nearly one-third of the flares exhibited ratio curves that either were nonzero before the detection of burst hard X-rays or peaked before the hard X-ray burst peaked-a few of these hares exhibited small blueshifted line profiles before the detection of hard X-ray emission; (4) a few flares with strong blueshifts had little or no detectable emission above 30 keV; and (5) the time derivative of the resonance peak emission usually resembles the blue-wing light curve. The implication of these results for current flare models is discussed. C1 NASA, Emergent IT, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rilee, ML (reprint author), NASA, Emergent IT, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 28-S207, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2001 VL 554 IS 1 BP 464 EP 473 DI 10.1086/321384 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 449MV UT WOS:000169690800042 ER PT J AU Zdziarski, AA Grove, JE Poutanen, J Rao, AR Vadawale, SV AF Zdziarski, AA Grove, JE Poutanen, J Rao, AR Vadawale, SV TI OSSE and RXTE observations of GRS 1915+105: Evidence for nonthermal comptonization SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : general; black hole physics; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : individual (GRS 1915+105); X-rays : stars ID BLACK-HOLES; CYGNUS X-1 AB GRS 1915+105 was observed by the Oriented Scintillation Spectroscopy Experiment (OSSE) aboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory nine times in 1995-2000, and eight of those observations were simultaneous with those by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). We present an analysis of all of the OSSE data and of two RXTE-OSSE spectra with the lowest and highest X-ray fluxes. The OSSE data show a power-law-like spectrum extending up to greater than or similar to 600 keV without any break. We interpret this emission as strong evidence for the presence of nonthermal electrons in the source. The broadband spectra cannot be described by either thermal or bulk-motion Comptonization, whereas they are well described by Comptonization in hybrid thermal/nonthermal plasmas. C1 N Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Stockholm Observ, SE-13336 Saltsjobaden, Sweden. RP Zdziarski, AA (reprint author), N Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RI Poutanen, Juri/H-6651-2016 OI Poutanen, Juri/0000-0002-0983-0049 NR 21 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2001 VL 554 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/320932 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 449MW UT WOS:000169690900011 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Wilson, CR Chao, BF AF Johnson, TJ Wilson, CR Chao, BF TI Nontidal oceanic contributions to gravitational field changes: Predictions of the Parallel Ocean Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MASS REDISTRIBUTION; SEA-LEVEL VARIATIONS; GLOBAL OCEAN; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; GEOCENTER VARIATIONS; EARTHS ROTATION; LAGEOS; WATER; CIRCULATION; EXCITATION AB This study examines the nontidal contributions of the oceans to the Earth's gravitational field variations as predicted by a global ocean general circulation model: the Parallel Ocean Climate Model. Such variations in the gravitational field Stokes coefficient are determined up to spherical harmonic degree and order 20 and compared with satellite laser ranging (SLR) data from LAGEOS I and LAGEOS II. For most Stokes coefficients except the lowest-degree ones, this investigation indicates that the application of sea level adjustment to reduce the effects of the model's lack of mass conservation due to the Boussinesq approximation has a negligible effect on timescales less than a few years. Predicted gravitational changes show strong seasonal variability and account for a portion of the variations estimated from SLR. We conclude that, in addition to the atmosphere, the oceans are an important contributor to the temporal variations in the Earth's gravitational field. The Stokes coefficients are useful in examining oceanic mass transport between hemispheres and ocean basins. The estimated oceanic power spectrum has a spectral shape similar to the atmosphere and is well above the noise level of planned satellite missions like the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). C1 USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Geodesy Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, Floor Fac 2, Austin, TX 78723 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78723 USA. Univ Texas, Space Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78723 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Earth Orientat Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM johnson.thomas@usno.navy.mil RI Chao, Benjamin Fong/N-6156-2013 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B6 BP 11315 EP 11334 DI 10.1029/2000JB900438 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 440DG UT WOS:000169160200024 ER PT J AU Hartman, RC Bottcher, M Aldering, G Aller, H Aller, M Backman, DE Balonek, TJ Bertsch, DL Bloom, SD Bock, H Boltwood, P Carini, MT Collmar, W De Francesco, G Ferrara, EC Freudling, W Gear, WK Hall, PB Heidt, J Hughes, P Hunter, SD Jogee, S Johnson, WN Kanbach, G Katajainen, S Kidger, M Kii, T Koskimies, M Kraus, A Kubo, H Kurtanidze, O Lanteri, L Lawson, A Lin, YC Lisenfeld, U Madejski, G Makino, F Maraschi, L Marscher, AP McFarland, JP McHardy, I Miller, HR Nikolashvili, M Nilsson, K Noble, JC Nucciarelli, G Ostorero, L Pian, E Pursimo, T Raiteri, CM Reich, W Rekola, R Richter, GM Robson, EI Sadun, A Savolainen, T Sillanpaa, A Smale, A Sobrito, G Sreekumar, P Stevens, JA Takalo, LO Tavecchio, F Terasranta, H Thompson, DJ Tornikoski, M Tosti, G Ungerechts, H Urry, CM Valtaoja, E Villata, M Wagner, SJ Wehrle, AE Wilson, JW AF Hartman, RC Bottcher, M Aldering, G Aller, H Aller, M Backman, DE Balonek, TJ Bertsch, DL Bloom, SD Bock, H Boltwood, P Carini, MT Collmar, W De Francesco, G Ferrara, EC Freudling, W Gear, WK Hall, PB Heidt, J Hughes, P Hunter, SD Jogee, S Johnson, WN Kanbach, G Katajainen, S Kidger, M Kii, T Koskimies, M Kraus, A Kubo, H Kurtanidze, O Lanteri, L Lawson, A Lin, YC Lisenfeld, U Madejski, G Makino, F Maraschi, L Marscher, AP McFarland, JP McHardy, I Miller, HR Nikolashvili, M Nilsson, K Noble, JC Nucciarelli, G Ostorero, L Pian, E Pursimo, T Raiteri, CM Reich, W Rekola, R Richter, GM Robson, EI Sadun, A Savolainen, T Sillanpaa, A Smale, A Sobrito, G Sreekumar, P Stevens, JA Takalo, LO Tavecchio, F Terasranta, H Thompson, DJ Tornikoski, M Tosti, G Ungerechts, H Urry, CM Valtaoja, E Villata, M Wagner, SJ Wehrle, AE Wilson, JW TI Multiepoch multiwavelength spectra and models for blazar 3C 279 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; quasars : individual (3C 279) ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; RAY ASTRONOMY SATELLITE; MILLIMETER CONTINUUM MEASUREMENTS; ENERGY CONCENTRATOR SPECTROMETER; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; 3C 279; GAMMA-RAYS; QUASAR 3C-279; INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION AB Of the blazars detected by EGRET in GeV gamma -rays, 3C 279 is not only the best observed by EGRET but also one of the best monitored at lower frequencies. We have assembled 11 spectra, from GHz radio through GeV gamma -rays, from the time intervals of EGRET observations. Although some of the data have appeared in previous publications, most are new, including data taken during the high states in early 1999 and early 2000. All of the spectra show substantial gamma -ray contribution to the total luminosity of the object; in a high state, the gamma -ray luminosity dominates over that at all other frequencies by a factor of more than 10. There is no clear pattern of time correlation; different bands do not always rise and fall together, even in the optical, X-ray, and gamma -ray bands. The spectra are modeled using a leptonic jet, with combined synchrotron self-Compton plus external Compton gamma -ray production. Spectral variability of 3C 279 is consistent with variations of the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet, accompanied by changes in the spectral shape of the electron distribution. Our modeling results are consistent with the UV spectrum of 3C 279 being dominated by accretion disk radiation during times of low gamma -ray intensity. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. Colgate Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. Hampden Sydney Coll, Hampden Sydney, VA 23943 USA. Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Munich, Germany. Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Munich, Germany. Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF2 3YB, S Glam, Wales. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tuorla Observ, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Kyoto Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Radioastron Millimetr, E-18012 Granada, Spain. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, GLAST Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Abastumani Observ, GE-383762 Abastumani, Rep of Georgia. Osservatorio Astron Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. Astron Observ Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Indian Space Res Org, Satellite Ctr, Control & Mission Area, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala 02540, Finland. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Turku, Dept Phys, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM rch@egret.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Hunter, Stanley/D-2942-2012; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014; Lisenfeld, Ute/A-1637-2015; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Lisenfeld, Ute/0000-0002-9471-5423; Ostorero, Luisa/0000-0003-3983-5980 NR 79 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 8 PY 2001 VL 553 IS 2 BP 683 EP 694 DI 10.1086/320970 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 444YX UT WOS:000169429100019 ER PT J AU Mioduszewski, AJ Rupen, MP Hjellming, RM Pooley, GG Waltman, EB AF Mioduszewski, AJ Rupen, MP Hjellming, RM Pooley, GG Waltman, EB TI A one-sided highly relativistic jet from Cygnus X-3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; radio continuum : stars; stars : individual (Cygnus X-3); techniques : high angular resolution ID SEPTEMBER RADIO OUTBURST; X-RAY; SUPERLUMINAL SOURCE; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; 8.3 GHZ; EXPANSION; EMISSION; VARIABILITY; SCATTERING; DISCOVERY AB Very Long Baseline Array images of the X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 were obtained 2, 4, and 7 days after the peak of a 10 Jy flare on 1997 February 4. The first two images show a curved one-sided jet, and the third shows a scatter-broadened disk, presumably at the position of the core. The jet curvature changes from the first to the second epoch, which strongly suggests a precessing jet. The ratio of the flux density in the approaching jet to that in the (undetected) receding jet is greater than or similar to 330; if this asymmetry is due to Doppler boosting, the implied jet speed is greater than or similar to0.81c. Precessing-jet model fits, together with the assumption that the jet is intrinsically symmetric and was ejected during or after the major flare, yield the following constraints : the jet inclination to the line of sight must be less than or similar to 14 degrees, the cone opening angle must be less than or similar to 12 degrees, and the precession period must be greater than or similar to 60 days. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Joint Inst Very Long Baseline Interferometry Euro, NL-7999 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mioduszewski, AJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 43 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 8 PY 2001 VL 553 IS 2 BP 766 EP 775 DI 10.1086/320965 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 444YX UT WOS:000169429100026 ER PT J AU Linton, MG Dahlburg, RB Antiochos, SK AF Linton, MG Dahlburg, RB Antiochos, SK TI Reconnection of twisted flux tubes as a function of contact angle SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields ID 3-D MHD SIMULATION; 2 CURRENT-LOOPS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR-FLARE; IMPULSIVE PHASE; ENERGY-RELEASE; COALESCENCE; ISLANDS; INSTABILITY; FIELDS AB The collision and reconnection of magnetic flux tubes in the solar corona has been proposed as a mechanism for solar flares and in some cases as a model for coronal mass ejections. We study this process by simulating the collision of pairs of twisted flux tubes with a massively parallel, collocation, viscoresistive, magnetohydrodynamic code using up to 256 x 256 x 256 Fourier modes. Our aim is to investigate the energy release and possible global topological changes that can occur in flux-tube reconnection. We have performed a number of simulations for different angles between the colliding flux tubes and for either co- or counterhelicity flux tubes. We find the following four classes of interaction : (1) bounce (no appreciable reconnection), (2) merge, (3) slingshot (the most efficient reconnection), and (4) tunnel (a double reconnection). We will describe these four classes of flux-tube reconnection and discuss in what range of parameter space each class occurs and the implications our results have for models of flares and coronal mass ejections. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linton, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 37 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 8 PY 2001 VL 553 IS 2 BP 905 EP 921 DI 10.1086/320974 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 444YX UT WOS:000169429100039 ER PT J AU Akmal, A Raymond, JC Vourlidas, A Thompson, B Ciaravella, A Ko, YK Uzzo, M Wu, R AF Akmal, A Raymond, JC Vourlidas, A Thompson, B Ciaravella, A Ko, YK Uzzo, M Wu, R TI SOHO observations of a coronal mass ejection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : activity; Sun : Corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID BE-LIKE IONS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; SOLAR; SPECTROMETER; PROMINENCE; EMISSION; ANGSTROM; LASCO; SUN AB We describe a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed on 1999 April 23 by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS), the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT), and the Large-Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraphs (LASCO) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). In addition to the O VI and C III lines typical of UVCS spectra of CMEs, this 480 km s(-1) CME exhibits the forbidden and intercombination lines of O V at lambda lambda 1213.8 and 1218.4. The relative intensities of the O V lines represent an accurate electron density diagnostic not generally available at 3.5 R-.. By combining the density with the column density derived from LASCO, we obtain the emission measure of the ejected gas. With the help of models of the temperature and time-dependent ionization state of the expanding gas, we determine a range of heating rates required to account for the UV emission lines. The total thermal energy deposited as the gas travels to 3.5 R-. is comparable to the kinetic and gravitational potential energies. We note a core of colder material radiating in C III, surrounded by hotter material radiating in the O V and O VI lines. This concentration of the coolest material into small regions may be a common feature of CMEs. This event thus represents a unique opportunity to describe the morphology of a CME, and to characterize its plasma parameters. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Akmal, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; NR 34 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 8 PY 2001 VL 553 IS 2 BP 922 EP 934 DI 10.1086/320971 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 444YX UT WOS:000169429100040 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Pederson, MR Richardson, SL AF Kortus, J Pederson, MR Richardson, SL TI First-principles DFT study of the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of azidopentazole SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; MOLECULES; APPROXIMATION; FORCES; CUBANE AB In this Letter we report a density functional all-electron calculation of the structural and electronic properties of the polynitrogen high-energy molecule, azidopentazole (N-8). We have also performed a vibrational analysis to determine the IR and Raman spectra. Our calculated geometrical properties and vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with previous ab initio and density functional calculations. The weaker IR, modes show a different relative ordering than previously reported. We also report calculated Raman intensities for azidopentazole. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pederson@dave.nrl.navy.mil; slr@imhotep.ccmpf.howard.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2001 VL 340 IS 5-6 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00414-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 443ZQ UT WOS:000169373800026 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C TI Power density analysis and optimization of a regenerated closed variable-temperature heat reservoir Brayton cycle SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; MAXIMUM POWER; GAS-TURBINE; THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; ECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION; OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE; CARNOT ENGINE; EFFICIENCY; OUTPUT AB In this paper, the power density, defined as the ratio of power output to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, is taken as the objective for performance analysis and optimization of an irreversible regenerated closed Brayton cycle coupled to variable-temperature heal reservoirs from the viewpoint of finite time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM). The analytical formulae about the relations between power density and pressure ratio are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator, the it-reversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and turbine, the pressure drop losses at the heater, cooler and regenerator as well as in the piping, and the effect of the finite thermal capacity rate of the heat reservoirs. The obtained results are compared with those results obtained by using the maximum power criterion, and the advantages and disadvantages of maximum power density design are analysed. The maximum power density optimization is performed in two stages. The first is to search the optimum heat conductance distribution corresponding to the optimum power density among the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator for a fixed total heat exchanger inventory. The second is to search the optimum thermal capacitance rate matching corresponding to the optimum power density between the working fluid and the high-temperature heat source for a fixed ratio of the thermal capacitance rates of two heat reservoirs. The influences of some design parameters, including the effectiveness of the regenerator, the inlet temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs, the effectiveness of the heat exchangers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs, the efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine, and the pressure recovery coefficient, on the optimum heat conductance distribution, the optimum thermal capacitance rate matching, and the maximum power density are provided by numerical examples. The power plant design with optimization leads to a smaller size including the compressor, turbine, and the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator. When the heat transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs are carried out ideally, the pressure drop loss may be neglected, and the thermal capacity rates of the heat reservoirs are infinite, the results of this paper then replicate those obtained in recent literature. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 46 TC 43 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1727 EP 1739 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/34/11/326 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 449ZG UT WOS:000169716600028 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Gavrishchaka, V Ganguli, G Joyce, G AF Lampe, M Gavrishchaka, V Ganguli, G Joyce, G TI Effect of trapped ions on shielding of a charged spherical object in a plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB Collisions have traditionally been neglected in calculating the shielding around a small spherical collector in a plasma, and the plasma flow to the collector. We show analytically that, in dusty plasmas under typical discharge conditions, ion charge-exchange collisions lead to the buildup of negative-energy trapped ions which dominate the shielding cloud in the nonlinear region near a dust grain and substantially increase the ion current to the grain, even when the mean-free path is much greater than the Debye length. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 23 BP 5278 EP 5281 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5278 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 439MW UT WOS:000169121500018 PM 11384477 ER PT J AU Tanen, DA AF Tanen, DA TI Rattlesnake bites SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE rattlesnake bites; snake bites; envenomations; epidemiology C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tanen, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 688 EP 688 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00185.x PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 441FM UT WOS:000169220400016 PM 11388947 ER PT J AU Weber, S Jones, KD Ekaterinaris, JA Platzer, MF AF Weber, S Jones, KD Ekaterinaris, JA Platzer, MF TI Transonic flutter computations for the NLR 7301 supercritical airfoil SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsteady transonic flows; flutter; transition-turbulence ID PRESSURE-GRADIENT; DYNAMIC STALL; FLOW; TRANSITION; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS AB A numerical investigation of the transonic steady-state aerodynamics and of the two-degree-of-freedom bending/torsion flutter characteristics of the NLR 7301 section is carried out using a time-domain method. An unsteady, two-dimensional, compressible, thin-layer Navier-Stokes flow-solver is coupled with a two-degree-of-freedom structural model. Fully turbulent flows are computed with algebraic or one-equation turbulence models. Furthermore, natural transition is modeled with a transition model. Computations of the steady transonic aerodynamic characteristics show good agreement with Schewe's experiment after a simplified accounting for wind-tunnel interference effects is used. The aeroelastic computations predict limit-cycle flutter in agreement with the experiment. The computed flutter frequency agrees closely with the experiment but the computed flutter amplitudes are an order of magnitude larger than the measured ones. This discrepancy is likely due to the omission of the full wind-tunnel interference effects in the computations. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 FORTH, Inst Appl & Computat Math, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. MTU MTU Aero Engines GmbH, MTU Aero Engines, D-80995 Munich, Germany. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ekaterinaris, JA (reprint author), FORTH, Inst Appl & Computat Math, POB 1527, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. EM ekaterin@iacm.forth.gr NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 5 IS 4 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S1270-9638(01)01099-9 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 461NE UT WOS:000170369700005 ER PT J AU Minniti, RJ Blake, WK Mueller, TJ AF Minniti, RJ Blake, WK Mueller, TJ TI Inferring propeller inflow and radiation from near-field response, part 1: Analytic development SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INVERSE AEROACOUSTIC PROBLEM; BAND ROTOR THRUST; BROAD-BAND; ASYMPTOTIC THEORY; STREAMLINED BODY AB In general, the physics of the relationship between the pressure field surrounding a rotating propeller in subsonic flow and the how characteristics is understood. However, quantification of this relationship in a way that allows engineering analysis of propeller noise is limited by complete definition of the inflow distortions. Therefore, a way of inferring this relationship and the distortion characteristics unobtrusively and in situ has been developed. The technique is based on the assumption that measurements of the unsteady pressure on the blades are available. From the pressures, the technique predicts the radiated acoustic far field, infers incoming flow characteristics, and defines Green's function between the near and far pressure fields. The analysis combines theoretical and empirical treatments of pressure data to infer the acoustic quantities. Thus, the turbulence ingestion problem is approached in a practical manner without the need for many of the simplifying assumptions required by purely theoretical means. The technique is developed for, use on experimental data, The technique is subsequently applied to a propeller operating downstream of large-scale, mean-flow distortions, and ingesting broadband turbulence (Minniti, R. J., Blake, W. K., and Mueller, T. J,, "Inferring Propeller Inflow:and Radiation from Near-Field Response, Part 2: Empirical Application," AIAA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 6, 2001, pp. 1037-1046). C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Signature Directorate, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Minniti, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Signature Directorate, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1030 EP 1036 DI 10.2514/2.1443 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 439UW UT WOS:000169136800006 ER PT J AU Minniti, RJ Blake, WK Mueller, TJ AF Minniti, RJ Blake, WK Mueller, TJ TI Inferring propeller inflow and radiation from near-field response, part 2: Empirical application SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INVERSE AEROACOUSTIC PROBLEM; BAND ROTOR THRUST; ASYMPTOTIC THEORY; STREAMLINED BODY; NOISE AB Data analysis techniques mere previously developed for rotating machinery that predicted the far-field radiation, inferred inflow characteristics, and defined the near-field/far-field acoustic Green's function based on measurements of the pressure near field (Minniti, R, J,, Blake, W, K., and Mueller, T. J,, "Inferring Propeller Inflow and Radiation from Near-Field Response, Part 1: Analytic Development," AIAA Journal, Vol. 39, No. 6, 2000, pp. 1030-1036). The techniques are applied to a free-running propeller in subsonic Bow. As a first case, the propeller ingesting large-scale, mean-flow distortions as mould be present downstream of stators or inlet guide vanes was considered. This simplified case allowed qualitative analysis in the time domain and complimenting quantitative analysis in the frequency domain. In addition, the case acted as a calibrating configuration to map the frequency response of the individual blades to the incoming Bow by varying the number of distortions present and the rotational speed of the propeller, Based on the results of the first case, the analysis was extended to the propeller ingesting grid-generated turbulence, Because of the complex nature of the flow, all analysis was completed in the frequency domain. By the use of the techniques in "Inferring Propeller Inflow and Radiation from Near-Field Response, Part 1: Analytic Development," an estimate of the blade summation gain was used to complete the direct solution of the aeroacoustic problem and predict the acoustic far field from a measurement of the ingested Bow Additionally, the inflow character was inferred from the near-field measurements. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Signatures Directorate, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Minniti, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Signatures Directorate, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1046 DI 10.2514/2.1444 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 439UW UT WOS:000169136800007 ER PT J AU DeCredico, MA AF DeCredico, MA TI A higher duty: Desertion among Georgia troops during the Civil War. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP DeCredico, MA (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 106 IS 3 BP 986 EP 987 DI 10.2307/2692400 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 447ET UT WOS:000169558800081 ER PT J AU Skelton, HG Williams, J Smith, KJ AF Skelton, HG Williams, J Smith, KJ TI The clinical and histologic spectrum of cutaneous fibrous perineuriomas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE collagen type IV; cutaneous; EMA; perineurioma ID SOFT-TISSUE; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; BENIGN; CHROMOSOME-22; DIAGNOSIS; NEOPLASMS; TUMORS; CELL AB Cutaneous fibrous perineuriomas (CFPs) and the closely related sclerotic perineuriomas are recently reported tumors. We present nine additional cases of CFPs. All tumors were small nodules on the extremities; however, they were not limited to a distal acral location as previously reported. In addition to tabulation of the histologic features, we performed a battery of immunohistochemical stains, including S-100 protein, CD34, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), KP-1, and collagen type IV. Histologically, these tumors presented with sharp circumscription of their deep aspect, as previously reported, or were not circumscribed on any side. The cells ranged from plump and spindled with one or more nuclei to thin, elongated, spindled cells with slender nuclei. A variably fibrotic stromal matrix surrounded these components. Immunohistochemical staining showed EMA-positive staining of the cellular component, with collagen type IV-positive staining surrounding the cells. The tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein, factor XIIIa, CD34, cytokeratin, and KP-1. The tumors reported here add to the clinical and histopathologic spectrum of CFPs. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Dermatol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Dermatol, 700 18th St S,Suite 414, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 3 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1097/00000372-200106000-00005 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 438BY UT WOS:000169034900005 PM 11391098 ER PT J AU Olson, PE Benenson, AS Genovese, EN Earhart, KC AF Olson, PE Benenson, AS Genovese, EN Earhart, KC TI Ebola-Athens preemergence? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Navy Environm & Prevent Med, Unit 5, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Class & Human, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Olson, PE (reprint author), Navy Environm & Prevent Med, Unit 5, San Diego, CA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 110 IS 8 BP 674 EP 674 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00710-0 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 436HA UT WOS:000168929400019 PM 11388345 ER PT J AU Knopf, JW AF Knopf, JW TI The politics of verification. SO AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC USA. RP Knopf, JW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1527 NEW HAMPSHIRE N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-0554 J9 AM POLIT SCI REV JI Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 95 IS 2 BP 510 EP 511 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 443VY UT WOS:000169363900071 ER PT J AU Hadaway, JB Ahmad, A Pezzaniti, JL Chipman, RA Wilkes, DR Hummer, LL Crandall, DG Bennett, JM AF Hadaway, JB Ahmad, A Pezzaniti, JL Chipman, RA Wilkes, DR Hummer, LL Crandall, DG Bennett, JM TI Real-time total integrated scattering measurements on the Mir spacecraft to evaluate sample degradation in space SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID COATINGS; EXPOSURE AB An instrument to measure total integrated scattering (TIS) in, space was built as part of the Optical Properties Monitor instrument package and flown on the Russian Mir Space Station in a low Earth orbit. TIS at two wavelengths wits measured in space at approximately weekly intervals from 29 April to 26 December 1997 and telemetered to Earth during the mission. Of the 20 TIS samples, 13 are described here to illustrate the performance of the TIS instrument. These include ten optical samples and three thermal control samples. Two optical samples and one thermal control sample were severely degraded by atomic oxygen. All samples received a light dusting of particles during the mission and an additional heavier layer after the samples returned to Earth. tests of the flight instrument are also described. The initial brassboard instrument and the validation (C) 2001 Optical Society of America.. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. AZ Technol, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hadaway, JB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM jbennett@ridgenet.net NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 16 BP 2755 EP 2768 DI 10.1364/AO.40.002755 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 436AR UT WOS:000168914800021 PM 18357293 ER PT J AU Meier, SR AF Meier, SR TI Characterization of highly absorbing black appliques in the infrared SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Angular and polarimetric directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR) measurements of three highly absorbing appliques in the 2.5-14.3-mum IR spectral region are presented. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are presented to probe the surface morphology of these appliques. DHR measurements of Energy Science Laboratory, Incorporated (ESLI), Rippey, and Rodel appliques were obtained at incidence angles of 8 degrees, 30 degrees, and 50 degrees and as a function of S, P, and unpolarized incident light. The ESLI applique exhibited the lowest DHR for all angles and incident polarization states. SEM images revealed a fibrous structure for the ESLI applique with fiber diameters of the order of 7-8 mum, whereas the Rippey and the Rodel appliques showed spongelike surfaces with pore diameters of 40-50 and 30-40 mum, respectively. All the appliques use cavities or fibers in conjunction with carbon compounds to absorb IR radiation. The optical system designed to perform these measurements, a method for correcting off-normal DHR measurements in center-mount integrating spheres, and sources of measurement error are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meier, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5622, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meier@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 16 BP 2788 EP 2795 DI 10.1364/AO.40.002788 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 436AR UT WOS:000168914800024 PM 18357296 ER PT J AU Kapusta, P AF Kapusta, P TI In the combat zone: Special forces since 1945. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kapusta, P (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 647 EP 649 DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700411 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 470WQ UT WOS:000170894700011 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Holdenried, ER Rafferty, TJ AF Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Holdenried, ER Rafferty, TJ TI Speckle interferometry of new and problem Hipparcos binaries. II. Observations obtained in 1998-1999 from McDonald Observatory SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; techniques : interferometric ID VISUAL DOUBLE STARS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM; ORBITAL ELEMENTS; MULTIPLE SYSTEM; PARAMETERS; DUPLICITY; MASSES; PAIRS; WDS AB The Hipparcos satellite made measurements of over 9734 known double stars, 3406 new double stars, and 11,687 unresolved but possible double stars. The high angular resolution afforded by speckle interferometry makes it an efficient means to confirm these systems from the ground, which were first discovered from space. Because of its coverage of a different region of angular separation-magnitude difference (rho-Deltam) space, speckle interferometry also holds promise to ascertain the duplicity of the unresolved Hipparcos "problem" stars. Presented are observations of 116 new Hipparcos double stars and 469 Hipparcos "problem stars," as well as 238 measures of other double stars and 246 other high-quality nondetections. Included in these are observations of double stars listed in the Tycho-2 Catalogue and possible grid stars for the Space Interferometry Mission. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 81 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3224 EP 3234 DI 10.1086/321096 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 444FC UT WOS:000169387500027 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, JD Dahn, CC Monet, DG Reid, IN Gizis, JE Liebert, J Burgasser, AJ AF Kirkpatrick, JD Dahn, CC Monet, DG Reid, IN Gizis, JE Liebert, J Burgasser, AJ TI Brown dwarf companions to G-type stars. I. Gliese 417b and Gliese 584C SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : atmospheres; stars : distances; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; URSA-MAJOR GROUP; X-RAY-EMISSION; ALL-SKY SURVEY; CANDIDATE SUBSTELLAR COMPANION; PERSEI OPEN CLUSTER; LOW-MASS STARS; LITHIUM ABUNDANCES; CHROMOSPHERIC EMISSION AB We present astrometric and spectroscopic observations confirming that two nearby G dwarf systems (Gliese 417 = BD+36 degrees 2162 and Gliese 584AB =eta CrB AB) have a widely separated, L dwarf, substellar companion. Using age estimates of the G dwarf primaries, we estimate masses for these L dwarfs from theoretical evolutionary tracks. For the L4.5 dwarf Gl 417B we estimate an age of 0.08-0.3 Gyr and a mass of 0.035 +/-0.015 M(circle dot). For the L8 dwarf Gl 584C we estimate an age of 1.0-2.5 Gyr and a mass of 0.060 +/-0.015 M(circle dot). This latter object also shows evidence of spectrum variability, which may be due to surface inhomogeneities rotating into and out of view. These new companions are also compared to six other L dwarf and T dwarf companions previously recognized. For the L dwarf companions, ages implied by the presence or absence of lithium are consistent with ages inferred from the primaries alone. C1 CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM davy@ipac.caltech.edu; dahn@nofs.navy.mil; dgm@nofs.navy.mil; inr@stsci.edu; gizis@ipac.caltech.edu; liebert@as.arizona.edu; diver@its.caltech.edu NR 96 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3235 EP 3253 DI 10.1086/321085 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 444FC UT WOS:000169387500028 ER PT J AU Turner, NH ten Brummelaar, TA McAlister, HA Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Roberts, LC AF Turner, NH ten Brummelaar, TA McAlister, HA Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Roberts, LC TI Search for faint companions to nearby solar-like stars using the adaptive optics system at Mount Wilson Observatory SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (HD 144287, HD 190067, mu Her A, HR 7123, 16 Cyg A) ID 100-INCH TELESCOPE; RADIAL-VELOCITY; BINARY STARS AB We present results of a search for faint companions to nearby (d<25 pc) solar-like (F and G spectral type) stars using the natural guide star adaptive optics system on the Mount Wilson 100 inch (2.5 m) telescope during the period from 1996 June to 1999 August. The observing list, based on the third edition (1991) of the Catalogue of Nearby Stars by Gliese and Jahreiss, at present has 416 entries. To date, about 20% of the objects have been observed under varied seeing conditions. We have detected faint visible companions to five of the stars : HD 144287, Her A, HR 7123, 16 Cyg A, and HD 190067. The companions of three of these-mu Her A, HR 7123, and HD 190067-are new discoveries. C1 Mt Wilson Inst, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Recketdyne Tech Serv, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Turner, NH (reprint author), Mt Wilson Inst, POB 48, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. OI Roberts, Lewis/0000-0003-3892-2900 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 6 BP 3254 EP 3258 DI 10.1086/321075 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 444FC UT WOS:000169387500029 ER PT J AU Henden, A Munari, U AF Henden, A Munari, U TI UBV(RI)(C) photometric comparison sequences for symbiotic stars. II. SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE catalogs; binaries : symbiotic ID MONOCEROTIS; LATITUDE; CATALOG; OBJECT AB We present accurate UBV(RI)(C) photometric sequences for an additional 20 symbiotic stars. As for the 20 targets of Paper I, the sequences extend over wide brightness and color ranges, and are suited to cover both quiescence and outburst phases. The sequences are intended to assist both present time photometry as well as measurement of photographic plates from historical archives. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. RP Munari, U (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-36012 Asiago, VI, Italy. EM munari@astras.pd.astro.it OI Munari, Ulisse/0000-0001-6805-9664 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 372 IS 1 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20010444 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 454FT UT WOS:000169962300021 ER PT J AU Dere, KP Landi, E Young, PR Del Zanna, G AF Dere, KP Landi, E Young, PR Del Zanna, G TI Chianti - An atomic database for emission lines. IV. Extension to X-ray wavelengths SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; stars : atmospheres; Sun : atmosphere ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES; NEON-LIKE IONS; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; HE-LIKE IONS; N = 2; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RATE COEFFICIENTS AB CHIANTI provides a database of atomic energy levels, wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, and electron excitation data for a large number of ions of astrophysical interest. It also includes a suite of Interactive Data Language programs to calculate optically thin synthetic spectra and to perform spectral analysis and plasma diagnostics. This database allows the calculation of theoretical line emissivities necessary for the analysis of optically thin emission-line spectra. The first version (1.01) of the CHIANTI database was released in 1996 and published by Dere et al. in 1997 as Paper I in this series. The second version, released in 1999 by Landi et al., included continuum emission and data for additional ions. Both versions of the CHIANTI database have been used extensively by the astrophysical and solar communities to analyze emission-line spectra from astrophysical sources. Now the CHIANTI database has been extended to wavelengths shorter than 50 Angstrom by including atomic data for the hydrogen and helium isoelectronic sequences, inner-shell transitions and satellite lines, and several other ions. In addition, some of the ions already present in the database have been updated and extended with new atomic data from published calculations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England. RP Dere, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 90 TC 150 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 134 IS 2 SU S BP 331 EP 354 DI 10.1086/320854 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 442JD UT WOS:000169280700008 ER PT J AU Sausen, KP Wallick, MT Slobodnik, B Chimiak, JM Bower, EA Stiney, ME Clark, JB AF Sausen, KP Wallick, MT Slobodnik, B Chimiak, JM Bower, EA Stiney, ME Clark, JB TI The reduced oxygen breathing paradigm for hypoxia training: Physiological, cognitive, and subjective effects SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace-Medical-Association CY MAY 17-21, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Aerosp Med Assoc DE hypoxia; aerospace physiology; training; cognitive performance; cardiovascular; flight; decompression sickness risk ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; CHAMBER OPERATION; REACTION-TIME; ALTITUDE; PERFORMANCE; COMPONENTS AB The current training program for hypoxia familiarization requires a low-pressure chamber that places aviator trainees at risk for decompression sickness. A cost-effective reduced oxygen-breathing (ROB) paradigm that decreases oxygen (O-2) concentration leading to normobaric hypoxia was assessed as an alternative to the hypobaric chamber. Purpose: Tn help establish the validity of the ROB paradigm, this report documents cognitive performance, cardiopulmonary and subjective changes during ROB exposure. Methods: Performance on a two-dimensional tracking task, as well as BP, heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), O-2 saturation, and subjective reports of hypoxia symptoms were observed in 12 U.S. Navy divers during exposure to normoxic air followed by one of four experimental gas mixtures per session. Ali participants received all gas conditions that differed in their relative concentrations of O-2 and nitrogen (6.20/93.80, 7.00/93.00, 7.85/92.15, and 20.85/79.15% O-2/N-2). Results: ROB caused increases in tracking task error (p < 0.0001). ROB also increased heart rate (p < 0.001) and systolic BP (p = 0.004), and decreased ETCO2 and O-2 saturation (p < 0.0001). Finally, subjects responded to ROB-induced hypoxia with higher subjective symptom ratings (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These data are consistent with those expected from hypoxic states and support the validity of the ROB paradigm for hypoxia training. Future validation studies comparing a ROB device with hypobaric chambers are needed. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. USN, Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. RP Sausen, KP (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. OI Clark, Jonathan/0000-0002-1162-1238 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 539 EP 545 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 436JU UT WOS:000168933400006 PM 11396560 ER PT J AU Cheng, H Tchaikovskaya, T Tu, YSL Chapman, J Qian, B Ching, WM Tien, M Rowe, JD Patskovsky, YV Listowsky, I Tu, CPD AF Cheng, H Tchaikovskaya, T Tu, YSL Chapman, J Qian, B Ching, WM Tien, M Rowe, JD Patskovsky, YV Listowsky, I Tu, CPD TI Rat glutathione S-transferase M4-4: an isoenzyme with unique structural features including a redox-reactive cysteine-115 residue that forms mixed disulphides with glutathione SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE glutathiolation; mass spectrometry; oxidative stress; structural model; synthetic gene ID CATALYTIC MECHANISM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SUPERGENE FAMILY; YB SUBUNIT; EXPRESSION; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; LIVER AB Although the existence of the rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) M4 (rGSTM4) gene has been known for some time, the corresponding protein has not as yet been purified from tissue. A recombinant rCSTM4-4 was;thus expressed in Escherichia coli from a chemically synthesized rGSTM4 gene. The catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K-m) of rGSTM4-4 for the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (CDNB) conjugation reaction was 50-180-fold less than that of the well-characterized homologous rGSTM1-1, and the pH optimum for the same reaction was 8.5 for rGSTM4-4 as opposed to 6.5 for rGSTM1-1. Molecular-modelling studies predict that key substitutions in the helix alpha4 region of rGSTM4-4 account for this pK(a) difference. A notable structural feature of rGSTM4-4 is the Cys-115 residue in place of the Tyr-115 of other Mu-class GSTs. The thiol group of Cys-115 is redox-reactive and readily forms a mixed disulphide even with GSH; the S-glutathiolated form of the enzyme is catalytically active. A mutated rGSTM4-4 (C115Y) had 6-10-fold greater catalytic efficiency than the wild-type rGSTM4-4. Trp-45, a conserved residue among Mu-class GSTs, is essential in rGSTM4-4 for both enzyme activity and binding to glutathione affinity matrices. Antibodies directed against either the unique C-terminal undecapeptide or tridecapeptide of rGSTM4 reacted with rat and mouse liver GSTs to reveal an orthologous mouse GSTM4-4 present at low basal levels but which is inducible in mouse liver. This subclass of rodent Mu GSTs with redox-active Cys-115 residues could have specialized physiological functions in response to oxidative stress. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Infect Dis Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Tu, CPD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 42448]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 02678] NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 356 BP 403 EP 414 DI 10.1042/0264-6021:3560403 PN 2 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 442QE UT WOS:000169295800013 PM 11368767 ER PT J AU Klebanoff, A Bollt, E AF Klebanoff, A Bollt, E TI Convergence analysis of Davidchack and Lai's algorithm for finding periodic orbits SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; SYMBOLIC DYNAMICS; STRANGE ATTRACTOR; NATURAL MEASURE; TERMS; SETS AB We rigorously study a recent algorithm due to Davidchack and Lai (DL) [Davidchack RL, Lai Y-C. Phys Rev E 1999;60(5):6172-5] for efficiently locating complete sets of hyperbolic periodic orbits for chaotic maps. We give theorems concerning sufficient conditions on convergence and also describing variable sized basins of attraction of initial seeds, thus pointing out a particularly attractive feature of the DL-algorithm. We also point out the true role of involutary matrices which is different from that implied by Schmelcher and Diakonos [Schmelcher P, Diakonos FK. Phys Rev E 1998;57(3):2739-46] and propagated by Davidchack and Lai. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Math Dept CM 144, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. RP Klebanoff, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD JUN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1305 EP 1322 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(00)00099-0 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 417TR UT WOS:000167850700010 ER PT J AU Houser, DS Crocker, DE Webb, PM Costa, DP AF Houser, DS Crocker, DE Webb, PM Costa, DP TI Renal function in suckling and fasting pups of the northern elephant seal SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aldosterone; cortisol; glomerular filtration rate (GFR); inulin; kidney; urine; urea; water conservation ID GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION RATE; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; WATER CONSERVATION; VASOPRESSIN LEVELS; SINGLE-INJECTION; METABOLISM; IMMOBILIZATION; TILETAMINE; ZOLAZEPAM AB Elephant seals fast for prolonged periods without access to water. This is made possible, in part, by reductions in urine production. However, the mechanisms involved in reducing urine production are not understood. In this study, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured in five northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris) via the inulin clearance technique. Measurements were made during day 9 and day 18-22 of nursing and the second and eighth week of the postweaning fast. Plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentrations, quantified by radioimmunoassay, were measured in eight other weanlings during the second and eighth week of the fast. Mean GFR was 79.3 +/- 29.3 ml/min during the early suckling period and 78.2 +/- 17.1, 89.8 +/- 52.7, and 80.4 +/- 12.2 ml/min during the late suckling, early fasting and late fasting periods, respectively. Differences between nursing and fasting were insignificant, possibly because reduced protein oxidation during suckling and rapid recruitment of protein for tissue synthesis obviated the need for postprandial hyperfiltration. Alternatively, maintenance of GFR during fasting may facilitate urea concentration by compensating for reductions in the fractional excretion of urea. It is further hypothesized that aldosterone is primarily responsible for mediating renal water reabsorption in this system. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. RP Houser, DS (reprint author), USN, SPAWARSYSCHEN San Diego, Marine Mammal Program, Code 351,49620 Beluga Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM dhouser@spawar.navy.mil OI Houser, Dorian/0000-0002-0960-8528 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 EI 1531-4332 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 129 IS 2-3 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00358-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 445TC UT WOS:000169473800011 PM 11423313 ER PT J AU Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Gilardi, RD George, C AF Flippen-Anderson, JL Deschamps, JR Gilardi, RD George, C TI Twins, disorders and other demons SO CRYSTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE disorder; twinning; X-ray crystallography ID URIC-ACID DIHYDRATE AB Dramatic improvements in both the hardware and software used to perform X-ray crystallographic studies on single crystals have led to the publication of thousands of new structures each year. These improvements have also made it possible to successfully resolve a larger percentage of structural problems such as disorder and complicated twinning. Examples are included of twins that were first thought to be disorders structures with both twinning and disorder, and four-fold twinning. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Flippen-Anderson, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Deschamps, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5845-0010 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1463-0184 J9 CRYST ENG JI Cryst. Eng PD JUN-SEP PY 2001 VL 4 IS 2-3 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S1463-0184(01)00002-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 502WE UT WOS:000172765100005 ER PT J AU Booth, A AF Booth, A TI 'He do the police in different voices': 'Our Mutual Friend' and The 'Waste Land' (Dickens, Eliot) SO DICKENSIAN LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Booth, A (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DICKENS FELLOWSHIP PI LONDON PA 48 DOUGHTY ST, LONDON WC1N 2LF, ENGLAND SN 0012-2440 J9 DICKENSIAN JI Dickensian PD SUM PY 2001 VL 97 IS 454 BP 116 EP 121 PN 2 PG 6 WC Literature, British Isles SC Literature GA 493BC UT WOS:000172201300003 ER PT J AU Borboroglu, PG Amling, CL AF Borboroglu, PG Amling, CL TI Correlation of positive prostate sextant biopsy locations to sites of positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens SO EUROPEAN UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; biopsy, needle; prostate; prostate-specific antigen ID RECTAL CORE BIOPSIES; EXTRACAPSULAR EXTENSION; SYSTEMATIC BIOPSIES; SEXUAL FUNCTION; RISK-FACTORS; CANCER; PRESERVATION; PREDICT; RECURRENCE; EXCISION AB Objective: To investigate whether sextant location of positive prostate biopsy predicts the site of positive surgical margins (PSM) at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with clinical stage TIC prostate cancer. Methods: A retrospective query of the Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) database at our institution identified 456 patients with clinical stage T1c prostate cancer who underwent standard sextant prostate biopsy prior to RP. Each biopsy was submitted separately for pathologic analysis according to sextant location. The sextant location of positive biopsies was compared to the sites of PSM after RP. Results: PSM were found in 129 of 456 (28%) RP specimens. The incidence of PSM at the prostate apex in patients with a positive or negative apical sextant biopsy was similar (9 and 8% respectively, p > 0.05). The incidence of PSM at the prostate base in patients with a positive or negative sextant biopsy of the prostate base was also the same (7% in both groups, p>0.05). As the number of positive biopsy cores on one side of the prostate increased (0, 1, 2, and 3) so did the chance of an ipsilateral PSM (5.4, 16.2, 35.7 and 45.0%, respectively; p<0.005). Conclusions: Positive sextant biopsy location (apex and base) does not correlate with site of PSM at RP. However, ipsilateral PSM are more likely as the number of positive sextant biopsies on that side increases. While pathologic processing of biopsy specimens according to longitudinal prostate location (base, mid and apex) is probably unnecessary, the number of positive biopsies on a given side may be useful preoperative information. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Borboroglu, PG (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-2838 J9 EUR UROL JI Eur. Urol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 648 EP 653 DI 10.1159/000052522 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 457XR UT WOS:000170163300004 PM 11464053 ER PT J AU Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM AF Konkowski, DA Helliwell, TM TI Quantum singularity of quasiregular spacetimes SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Letter DE quasiregular singularities; quantum singularities; dislocations ID DISTRIBUTIONAL CURVATURE; SPINNING STRINGS; COSMIC STRINGS AB Some of the mildest singularities in classical general relativity are shown to be singular quantum mechanically as well. A class of the mild, topological singularities known as quasiregular singularities remains singular when probed by quantum wave packets. These static spacetimes possessing dislocations and disclinations are quantum-mechanically singular since the spatial portion of the wave operator is not essentially self-adjoint and thus the evolution of a test quantum wave packet is not uniquely determined by the initial wave function. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Konkowski, DA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1131 EP 1136 DI 10.1023/A:1010288501093 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 461UX UT WOS:000170382800011 ER PT J AU Proshutinsky, A Pavlov, V Bourke, RH AF Proshutinsky, A Pavlov, V Bourke, RH TI Sea level rise in the Arctic Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB About 60 tide-gauge stations in the Kara, Laptev, East-Siberian and Chukchi Seas have recorded the sea level change from the 1950s through 1990s. Over this 40-year period, most of these stations show a significant sea level rise (SLR). In light of global change, this SLR could be a manifestation of warming in the Arctic coupled with a decrease of sea ice extent, warming of Atlantic waters, changes in the Arctic Ocean circulation, and an increase in coastal erosion and thawing of permafrost. We have analyzed monthly mean sea level data and assessed the role that different factors may play in influencing the process of sea level change in the Arctic Ocean. Analysis of the observational data and model results shows that changes in the patterns of wind-driven and thermohaline circulation may account for most of the increase of sea level in the Arctic Ocean and their cumulative action can explain more than 80% of the sea level variability during 1950-1990. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Norsk Polar Inst, Tromso, Norway. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Proshutinsky, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MS 29, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2237 EP 2240 DI 10.1029/2000GL012760 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 434TB UT WOS:000168831000025 ER PT J AU Chen, VC Miceli, WJ AF Chen, VC Miceli, WJ TI Simulation of ISAR imaging of moving targets SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article AB The simulation of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR)imaging of moving targets is described and the effects of the target's rotations on ISAR imaging are analysed. The simulation of ISAR imaging of an aircraft with a circular motion is demonstrated. An ideal ISAR image of a target can be derived by projection of the target onto an image projection plane. Time-varying Doppler shifts induced by roll, pitch and yaw motions are analysed using the rotation matrix and the effective rotation vector. Through the simulation, the individual effect of roll. pitch and yaw motion on ISAR imaging is observed and studied. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Int Field Off, European Off, London, England. RP Chen, VC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 148 IS 3 SI SI BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20010384 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 452PA UT WOS:000169865700008 ER PT J AU Asvestas, JS AF Asvestas, JS TI Antenna Analysis and Design Software: A Survey SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 NAVAIR, RF Sensors Div, Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Asvestas, JS (reprint author), NAVAIR, RF Sensors Div, Unit 5, B2187,S2190,48110 Shaw Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 3 BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 451BL UT WOS:000169781200008 ER PT J AU Macker, JP Park, VD Corson, MS AF Macker, JP Park, VD Corson, MS TI Mobile and wireless Internet services: Putting the pieces together SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB There are a variety of emerging technologies and protocol enhancements designed to extend Internet services to mobile users, including operation over more dynamic, heterogeneous wireless interconnections. Many different approaches and protocols have been proposed, and there are even multiple standardization efforts within the Internet Engineering Task Force that address portions of the overall goal. This article highlights some of the emerging technology efforts and provides insight into how some of these pieces may fit together to realize seamless Internet services for users on the move or in application spaces with little to no preexisting communications infrastructure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Macker, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1109/35.925683 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 437JL UT WOS:000168988500034 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Coupling model explanation of salient dynamic properties of glass-forming substances SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Dielectrics and Related Phenomena CY SEP 06-10, 2000 CL SPALA, POLAND ID CONCENTRATED COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; DEPOLARIZED LIGHT-SCATTERING; MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; THERMORHEOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS AB Most of the important and general dynamic properties of structural glass-forming substances have been classified into twelve different categories in a recent review. Within the same property in each category, by examining a large number of glass-formers, a pattern of variation is found which correlates with the departure of the structural relaxation of the glass-former from exponential decay or the quantity 1 - beta, where beta is the fractional exponent in the Kohlrausch expression exp[-(t/tau)(beta)], that well describes the time dependence of the structural a relaxation. The correlation of the patterns or trends with 1 - beta suggests that the salient dynamic properties, or phenomenology, of glass-forming substances, all are governed by the non-exponential nature of the structural relaxation, i.e, the quantity 1 - beta. Therefore, a theory or model capable of relating the structural relaxation time tau to 1 - beta has the potential of explaining most, if not all, of the salient dynamic properties of glass-forming substances. The coupling model of the author has this relation. In this accompanying paper we show the coupling model can either explain or interpret all these properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 109 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 329 EP 344 DI 10.1109/94.933340 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 451RN UT WOS:000169815200004 ER PT J AU Garroway, AN Buess, ML Miller, JB Suits, BH Hibbs, AD Barrall, GA Matthews, R Burnett, LJ AF Garroway, AN Buess, ML Miller, JB Suits, BH Hibbs, AD Barrall, GA Matthews, R Burnett, LJ TI Remote sensing by nuclear quadrupole resonance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE landmines; magnetic resonance; mine detection; NMR; nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR); surface coils ID NQR; SURFACE; NOISE; COIL AB Detection of explosives has the flavor of those mathematical problems that are not invertible. It is easier to hide explosives than to End them. Many approaches have been proposed and executed for the remote detection of explosives, contraband materials, weapons of mass destruction, currency, etc. Most detection technologies suffer from a common problem: the features they look for, such as discontinuties in electrical conductivity, are not unique properties of the target but are contained, to some degree, in the more benign surroundings. Such a degeneracy leads to "clutter" in the response. For example, resolving the false alarms generated by this clutter can determine the rate of advance of a conventional electromagnetic metal detector employed as a landmine detector. One approach that provides a "unique" signature is nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) (the technique is also called QR, to avoid confusion with strictly nuclear techniques). This paper outlines the important physical principles behind the use of NQR for remote detection, indicates areas of applicability, and presents recent results of field trials of a prototype landmine detection system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Quantum Magnet Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Informat Syst Labs, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Quantum Magnet Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Garroway, AN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 134 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1118 DI 10.1109/36.927420 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 441QE UT WOS:000169240400002 ER PT J AU Nelson, HH McDonald, JR AF Nelson, HH McDonald, JR TI Multisensor towed array detection system for UXO detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction (EMI); magnetometry; multisensor towed array detection system (MTADS); unexploded ordnance (UXO) AB The multisensor towed array detection system (MTADS) was designed to be an efficient, sensitive tool for the detection and characterization of buried unexploded ordnance, It comprises arrays of total-field magnetometers and time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors, associated navigation and data acquisition hardware, and a custom Data Analysis System. The MTADS has conducted eleven demonstrations and surveys over the past four years, The system has shown the ability to detect ordnance at its likely self-penetration depths with a probability of detection of 0.95 or better. The model-derived positions and depths of the detected ordnance items are generally well within the physical size of the targets, making remediation much quicker and less costly than with standard techniques. Data sets corresponding to many of the MTADS surveys are available to others in the field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, HH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1145 DI 10.1109/36.927427 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 441QE UT WOS:000169240400005 ER PT J AU Barrow, B Nelson, HH AF Barrow, B Nelson, HH TI Model-based characterization of electromagnetic induction signatures obtained with the MTADS electromagnetic array SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction (EMI); multisensor towed array detection system (MTADS); unexploded ordnance (UXO) AB A sensor response model based on empirically determined orthogonal response coefficients beta is presented for the analysis of electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor data, The model is applied to high-quality survey data from the multi-sensor towed array detection system (MTADS) program. Data from both a prepared test range and a live-site survey are analyzed, At the test field, we show that the model successfully reproduces the measured signatures of ordnance, ordnance simulants, flat plates, and clutter. At the live site, fit statistics were collected showing that for the most abundant ordnance target, 81-mm mortars, the three beta response parameters are distributed log-normally, This allows for a simple method of discrimination. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on this discrimination method is performed and the results discussed. C1 AETC Inc, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barrow, B (reprint author), AETC Inc, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1279 EP 1285 DI 10.1109/36.927450 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 441QE UT WOS:000169240400020 ER PT J AU Al-Zayed, A Swisher, RR Lecuyer, F Guyette, AC Sun, Q De Lisio, MP AF Al-Zayed, A Swisher, RR Lecuyer, F Guyette, AC Sun, Q De Lisio, MP TI Reduction of substrate-mode effects in power-combining arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE power combining; quasi-optics; substrate modes ID GRID OSCILLATOR AB We report a simple theory for the reduction of substrate modes in quasi-optical power-combining arrays. This qualitative theory predicts that detrimental substrate-mode effects can be greatly reduced through a judicious choice of the array unit cell size. Experimental evidence from quasi-optical tripler grids is presented to confirm the theory. Measured results show a dramatic improvement in the radiation pattern and effective radiated power of arrays with both grounded and ungrounded substrates. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, RF Sensor Div, Barking Sands Pacific Missile Range Facil, Kauai, HI 96752 USA. Radio Frequency Syst Inc, Meriden, CT 06450 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Elect Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Loral, Space Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Al-Zayed, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1067 EP 1072 DI 10.1109/22.925492 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 438XH UT WOS:000169079200009 ER PT J AU Feng, B Veress, AI Sitek, A Gullberg, GT Roy, DG AF Feng, B Veress, AI Sitek, A Gullberg, GT Roy, DG TI Estimation of mechanical properties from gated SPECT and Cine MRI data using a finite-element mechanical model of the left ventricle SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) CY OCT 15-20, 2000 CL LYON, FRANCE DE Cine MRI; finite element; gated cardiac SPECT; left ventricle mechanical model; myocardial mechanical properties ID LARGE ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; ACTIVE CONTRACTION; CARDIAC-MUSCLE; MYOCARDIUM; STRESS; HEART AB A significant challenge in diagnosing cardiac disease is determining the viability of myocardial tissue when evaluating the prognosis of vascular bypass surgery. A finite-element mechanical model of the left ventricular myocardium was developed to evaluate mechanical properties of the myocardium, which is an important indicator of viable myocardial tissue and of several aspects of congestive heart failure. The model of the heart muscle mechanics was derived from the passive and active behavior of skeletal muscle, which is considered to be a quasi-incompressible transversely isotropic hyperelastic material of a specified helical fiber structure configuration. Contraction of the myocardium was replicated by simulating active contractions along the helical fibers, then solving (quasi-statically) for the associated boundary valued problem at a sequence of time steps between end-diastole and end-systole of the cardiac cycle. At each time step, the finite-element software package ABAQUS was used to determine the deformation of the left ventricle, which was loaded by intraventricular pressure. An ellipsoidal and a cylindrical model of the left ventricle were developed under both passive loading and active contraction. Parameters that describe the material properties of the myocardium were estimated for the cylindrical model by fitting the radial motion described by the model to gated SPECT and eine MRI data. We found that the estimation was sensitive to the measurement of the motion. Results from the finite-element analysis were compared to those from a purely mathematical description of the cylindrical model. C1 Univ Utah, Med Imaging Res Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Feng, B (reprint author), Univ Utah, Med Imaging Res Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. OI Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3 BP 725 EP 733 DI 10.1109/23.940154 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 465EH UT WOS:000170576300020 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Simons, M Marshall, P AF Pease, RL Simons, M Marshall, P TI Comparison of pMOSFET total dose response for Co-60 gammas and high-energy protons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cobalt; proton radiation effects; protons; radiation detectors; radiation effects ID LINEAR INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; RADIATION-DAMAGE AB The ionizing radiation response of pMOSFETs used as dosimeters (RADFETs) is compared for Co-60 gammas and high-energy protons. For comparable Co-60 and proton doses, RADFET response for high-energy protons (60-200 MeV) was found to be only 65-85% of their Co-60 response. This difference is not fully understood but is shown to be partially a result of increased columnar recombination in SiO2 for high-energy proton irradiation. C1 RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NRL, SFA, Brookneal, VA 24528 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3 BP 908 EP 912 DI 10.1109/23.940131 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 465EJ UT WOS:000170576400003 ER PT J AU Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ Weber, BV Smithe, DN Ludeking, LD AF Schumer, JW Swanekamp, SB Ottinger, PF Commisso, RJ Weber, BV Smithe, DN Ludeking, LD TI MHD-to-PIC transition for modeling of conduction and opening in a plasma opening switch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamic simulation; opening switches; particle-in-cell simulation ID MAGNETIC-FIELD PENETRATION; Z-PINCH; SIMULATION; HALL; EQUILIBRIA; STORAGE; FLOW AB The plasma opening switch (POS) is a critical element of some inductive-energy-storage pulsed-power generators, Detailed understanding of plasma redistribution and thinning during the POS conduction phase can be gained through magnetohydrodynamic fluid (MHD) simulations, As space-charge separation and kinetic effects become important late in the conduction phase (beginning of the opening phase), MHD methods become invalid and particle-in-cell (PIG) methods should be used. In this paper, the applicability of MHD techniques is extended into PIG-like regimes by including nonideal MHD phenomena such as the Hall effect and resistivity. The feasibility of the PIG technique is, likewise, extended into high-density, low-temperature-MHD-like regimes by using a novel numerical cooling algorithm. At an appropriate time, an MHD-to-PIC transition must be accomplished in order to accurately simulate the POS opening phase. The mechanics for converting MHD output into PIC input are introduced, as are the transition criteria determining when to perform this conversion. To establish these transition criteria, side-by-side MHD and PIC simulations are presented and compared. These separate simulations are then complemented by a proof-of-principle MHD-to-PIC transition, thereby demonstrating this MHD-to-PIG technique as a potentially viable tool for the simulation of POS plasmas. Practical limitations of the MHD-to-PIC transition method and applicability of the transition criteria to hybrid fluid-kinetic simulations are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Schumer, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Pulsed Power Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schumer, Joseph/D-7591-2013 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 29 IS 3 BP 479 EP 493 DI 10.1109/27.928946 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 444KM UT WOS:000169398700010 ER PT J AU Sanchez, GI Sedegah, M Rogers, WO Jones, TR Sacci, J Witney, A Carucci, DJ Kumar, N Hoffman, SL AF Sanchez, GI Sedegah, M Rogers, WO Jones, TR Sacci, J Witney, A Carucci, DJ Kumar, N Hoffman, SL TI Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a Plasmodium yoelii Hsp60 DNA vaccine in BALB/c mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; DELTA T-CELLS; PLASMID DNA; MALARIA PARASITES; IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; SPOROZOITES; FALCIPARUM; STAGE; ANTIBODIES AB The gene encoding the 60-kDa heat shock protein of Plasmodium yoelii (PyHsp60) was cloned into the VR1012 and VR1020 mammalian expression vectors. Groups of 10 BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly at 0, 3, and 9 weeks with 100 mug of PyHsp60 DNA vaccine alone or in combination with 30 mug of pmurGMCSF, Sera from immunized mice but not from vector control groups recognized P. yoelii sporozoites, liver stages, and infected erythrocytes in an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Two weeks after the last immunization, mice were challenged with 50 P. yoelii sporozoites, In one experiment the vaccine pPyHsp60-VR1012 used in combination with pmurGMCSF gave 40% protection (Fisher's exact test; P = 0.03, vaccinated versus control groups). In a second experiment this vaccine did not protect any of the immunized mice but induced a delay in the onset of parasitemia. In neither experiment was there any evidence of a protective effect against the asexual erythrocytic stage of the life cycle. In a third experiment mice were primed with PrHsp60 DNA, were boosted 2 weeks later with 2 x 10(3) irradiated P. yoelii sporozoites, and were challenged several weeks later. The presence of PyHsp60 in the immunization regimen did not lead to reduced blood-stage infection or development of parasites in hepatocytes. PyHsp60 DNA vaccines were immunogenic in BALB/c mice but did not consistently, completely protect against sporozoite challenge. The observation that in some of the PyHsp60 DNA vaccine-immunized mice there was protection against infection or a delay in the onset of parasitemia after sporozoite challenge deserves further evaluation. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Celera Genom, 45 W Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. OI Sanchez, Gloria Ines/0000-0001-5992-0475 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 69 IS 6 BP 3897 EP 3905 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.6.3897-3905.2001 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 433WU UT WOS:000168784300049 PM 11349057 ER PT J AU Razeghi, M Erdtmann, M Jelen, C Guastavinos, F Brown, GJ Park, YS AF Razeghi, M Erdtmann, M Jelen, C Guastavinos, F Brown, GJ Park, YS TI Development of quantum well infrared photodetectors at the Center for Quantum Devices SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP 2000) CY JUL 27-29, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP NASA Breakthrough Sensors, Instrument Component Technol Thrust, Jet Propulsion Lab Ctr, Integrat Space Microsyst, Air Force Res Lab, Army Res Lab ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; PHOTORESPONSE MEASUREMENT; EFFECTIVE-MASS; BAND OFFSETS; INP; GROWTH; ABSORPTION; INGAALAS; HETEROSTRUCTURE; PERFORMANCE AB Results of detector characterization are presented for quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) fabricated from a variety of III-V material systems lattice-matched to GaAs or InP substrate, p-Type GaAs/GaInP QWIPs show background limited performance up to temperatures of 120 K, while p-type GaInAsP/GaInAsP QWIPs exhibit broadband response from lambda = 2.5-10 mum. n-Type GaAs/GaInP QWIPs are sensitive deep into the VLWIR with very low dark current. Extremely large responsivities of 33.2 AW(-1) were obtained from n-type GaInAs/InP QWIPs operating at lambda = 9 mum. Devices made from n-type AlGaInAs/InP and GaInAs/AlInAs have also been realized that extend the wavelength range of sensitivity from 3 mum out to 20 mum while remaining lattice-matched to InP. Lattice-matched multispectral detectors are demonstrated for sensitivity at both 4 and 8.5 mum Localized epitaxy of GaInAs/InP superlattice structures lattice-matched to InP was performed on Si substrate for the purpose of monolithic integration of III-V QWIPs with Si-based read-out integrated circuitry. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. WL MLPO, Wright Labs, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect Engn, 2145 N Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.nwu.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUN-OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3-5 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(01)00069-X PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 444KG UT WOS:000169398200004 ER PT J AU Vego, M AF Vego, M TI Over land and sea: Memoir of an Austrian rear admiral's life in Europe and Africa, 1857-1909 SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Vego, M (reprint author), USN War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 2 BP 422 EP 424 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 448JL UT WOS:000169623700037 ER PT J AU Bell, CM AF Bell, CM TI Cunningham: The greatest admiral since Nelson SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Bell, CM (reprint author), USN War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 2 BP 450 EP 453 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 448JL UT WOS:000169623700052 ER PT J AU Bell, CM AF Bell, CM TI The Cunningham papers: Selections from the private and official correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, OM, KT, GCB, DSO and two bars, vol 1, The Mediterranean fleet, 1939-1942 SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. RP Bell, CM (reprint author), USN Naval War Coll, Newport, RI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 23 IS 2 BP 450 EP 453 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 448JL UT WOS:000169623700053 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL AF Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL TI DNA-based vaccines against malaria: status and promise of the multi-stage malaria DNA vaccine operation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE malaria; Plasmodium; DNA vaccine; clinical trial; prime/boost; immune enhancement ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PLASMID DNA; VIRUS ANKARA; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIGEN; INDUCTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; STRATEGIES AB The introduction of DNA vaccine technology has facilitated an unprecedented multi-antigen approach to developing an effective vaccine against complex pathogens such as the Plasmodium spp. parasites that cause malaria. We have established the capacity of DNA vaccines encoding Plasmodium antigens to induce CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte and interferon-gamma responses in mice, monkeys and humans. However, like others, we have found that the first or second generation DNA vaccines on their own are not optimal, and have demonstrated the potential of heterologous prime/boost immunisation strategies involving priming with DNA and boosting with poxvirus or recombinant protein in adjuvant. In this review, we summarise the current status and promise of our programmatic efforts to develop a DNA-based vaccine against malaria, our Multi-Stage Malaria DNA Vaccine Operation, and illustrate the transition of promising developments in the laboratory to clinical assessment in humans. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. C1 USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 51 TC 80 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 8 BP 753 EP 762 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00184-9 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 444WK UT WOS:000169422900002 PM 11403765 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Peng, YP May, BC Inouye, WS Niemtzow, RC AF Johnstone, PAS Peng, YP May, BC Inouye, WS Niemtzow, RC TI Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE acupuncture; head and neck neoplasms; radiation therapy; xerostomia ID INVENTORY; PAIN AB Objective: Xerostomia is a frequent and potentially debilitating toxicity of radiotherapy (XRT) for cancers of the head and neck. This report describes the use of acupuncture as palliation for such patients, Methods and Materials: Eighteen patients with xerostomia refractory to pilocarpine therapy after XRT for head and neck malignancy were offered acupuncture as palliation, All patients are without evidence of cancer recurrence at the primary site. Acupuncture was provided to three auricular points and one digital point bilaterally, with electrostimulation used variably. The Xerostomia Inventory (XI) was administered retrospectively to provide an objective measure of efficacy, Results: Acupuncture contributed to relief from xerostomia to varying degrees, Palliative effect as measured by the XI varied from nil to robust (pre- minus post- therapy values of over 20 points). Nine patients had benefit of over 10 points on the XI, Conclusions: Acupuncture reduces xerostomia in some patients who are otherwise refractory to best current management. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 14, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 19 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 50 IS 2 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(00)01530-3 PG 5 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 433VG UT WOS:000168781000009 PM 11380221 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI China and the Vietnam wars, 1950-1975. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 88 IS 1 BP 298 EP 299 DI 10.2307/2675063 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 441ZD UT WOS:000169258700150 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Ram-Mohan, LR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Ram-Mohan, LR TI Band parameters for III-V compound semiconductors and their alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SINGLE-QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRON EFFECTIVE-MASS; RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; DIRECT-ENERGY-GAP AB We present a comprehensive, up-to-date compilation of band parameters for the technologically important III-V zinc blende and wurtzite compound semiconductors: GaAs, GaSb, GaP, GaN, AlAs, AlSb, AlP, AlN, InAs, InSb, InP, and InN, along with their ternary and quaternary alloys. Based on a review of the existing literature, complete and consistent parameter sets are given for all materials. Emphasizing the quantities required for band structure calculations, we tabulate the direct and indirect energy gaps, spin-orbit, and crystal-field splittings, alloy bowing parameters, effective masses for electrons, heavy, light, and split-off holes, Luttinger parameters, interband momentum matrix elements, and deformation potentials, including temperature and alloy-composition dependences where available. Heterostructure band offsets are also given, on an absolute scale that allows any material to be aligned relative to any other. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 997 TC 3555 Z9 3627 U1 158 U2 1319 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 5815 EP 5875 DI 10.1063/1.1368156 PN 1 PG 61 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AC UT WOS:000169149900001 ER PT J AU Hellberg, CS AF Hellberg, CS TI Theory of the reentrant charge-order transition in the manganites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Motorola Labs, TDK Corp, IBM, Toda Kogyo Corp, EMTEC Magnet GmbH, Quantum, Seagate Res, Sony Corp, Magnequench Technol Ctr, AJA Int Inc, Digital Measurement Syst ID EXTENDED HUBBARD-MODEL; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; PHASE-SEPARATION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; LATTICE; OXIDES; STATE AB A theoretical model for the reentrant charge-order transition in the manganites is examined. This transition is studied with a purely electronic model for the e(g) Mn electrons: the extended Hubbard model. The electron-phonon coupling results in a large nearest-neighbor repulsion between e(g) electrons. Using a finite-temperature Lanczos technique, the model is diagonalized on a 16-site periodic cluster to calculate the temperature-dependent phase boundary between the charge-ordered and homogeneous phases. A reentrant transition is found. The results are discussed with respect to the specific topology of the 16-site cluster. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hellberg, CS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 6627 EP 6629 DI 10.1063/1.1358326 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AV UT WOS:000169151700016 ER PT J AU Lubitz, P Rubinstein, M Osofsky, MS Nadgorny, BE Soulen, RJ Bussmann, KM Gupta, A AF Lubitz, P Rubinstein, M Osofsky, MS Nadgorny, BE Soulen, RJ Bussmann, KM Gupta, A TI Ferromagnetic resonance observation of exchange and relaxation effects in CrO2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Motorola Labs, TDK Corp, IBM, Toda Kogyo Corp, EMTEC Magnet GmbH, Quantum, Seagate Res, Sony Corp, Magnequench Technol Ctr, AJA Int Inc, Digital Measurement Syst ID FILMS AB Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was observed in epitaxial thin films of CrO2 grown on TiO2. FMR spectra were taken at 9.5 and 35 GHz and at temperatures from 4 K to above the ordering temperature of 393 K. The spectra of these films are generally complicated because of surface roughness and the distribution of stresses and anisotropies through their thickness. The thinnest films, however, display typical spin wave spectra, which could be approximated using uniform magnetic material analyses. The exchange constant at 300 K, D similar to 70 meV Angstrom (2), is consistent with values derived from the temperature dependence of M at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of D was extracted from the spin wave spacing and is similar to other magnetic metals. Our data indicate a room temperature Gilbert damping parameter of at most 0.0023 near 300 K, which is less than those of metallic magnetic materials except possibly Fe. The small damping parameter suggests that intrinsic losses seen in other magnetic metals, which may arise from electronic transitions between bands of different spin character, are small in CrO2. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. RP Lubitz, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 6695 EP 6697 DI 10.1063/1.1362636 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AV UT WOS:000169151700038 ER PT J AU Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mazin, II Bacalis, NC Pickett, WE AF Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mazin, II Bacalis, NC Pickett, WE TI Applications of the NRL tight-binding method to magnetic systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Motorola Labs, TDK Corp, IBM, Toda Kogyo Corp, EMTEC Magnet GmbH, Quantum, Seagate Res, Sony Corp, Magnequench Technol Ctr, AJA Int Inc, Digital Measurement Syst ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; METALS; POTENTIALS AB The NRL developed tight-binding method has been very successful in describing the properties of nonmagnetic elemental metals and semiconductors with accuracy comparable to first-principles methods. In this article we discuss extensions of the method to magnetic systems. We first show that the method correctly predicts equilibrium ground state structures, elastic constants, and phonon frequencies in ferromagnetic iron. We also show how the magnetic calculations can be extended to noncollinear systems, focusing on the electronic behavior of iron. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Bacalis, Naoum/G-5327-2013; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 OI Bacalis, Naoum/0000-0002-9565-0414; NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 6880 EP 6882 DI 10.1063/1.1356031 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AV UT WOS:000169151700095 ER PT J AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mazin, II Hathaway, KB AF Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mazin, II Hathaway, KB TI Stabilization of itinerant (band) magnetism in FeAl by Ga substitution for Al SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Motorola Labs, TDK Corp, IBM, Toda Kogyo Corp, EMTEC Magnet GmbH, Quantum, Seagate Res, Sony Corp, Magnequench Technol Ctr, AJA Int Inc, Digital Measurement Syst ID TRANSITION-METAL ALUMINIDES; ALLOYS AB Band structure calculations of FeGa1-xAlx have been performed, to further investigate the stability of ferromagnetism in FeAl. The Stoner parameter increases by about 20% at the FeGa end. This is also confirmed by our spin-polarized calculations. We conclude that Ga substitution for Al is likely to stabilize the elusive (or illusive) ferromagnetic state in FeAl. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hathaway, KB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 6889 EP 6891 DI 10.1063/1.1357838 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AV UT WOS:000169151700098 ER PT J AU Lubitz, P Rubinstein, M Krebs, JJ Cheng, SF AF Lubitz, P Rubinstein, M Krebs, JJ Cheng, SF TI Frequency and temperature dependence of ferromagnetic linewidth in exchange biased Permalloy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Motorola Labs, TDK Corp, IBM, Toda Kogyo Corp, EMTEC Magnet GmbH, Quantum, Seagate Res, Sony Corp, Magnequench Technol Ctr, AJA Int Inc, Digital Measurement Syst ID THIN-FILMS; RESONANCE; NIO; MODEL; NANOPARTICLES; ANISOTROPY; INTERFACES AB Ferromagnetic resonance linewidths were measured at 9.5 and 35 GHz and in the temperature range from 77 to 350 K for thin Permalloy (Py) films exchange biased by adjacent layers of NiO, CoO, or IrMn. Compared to unoxidized Py alone, for which the linewidth is nearly temperature independent in this range and scales linearly with frequency, exchange biased Py has broader lines with distinctive temperature dependences for each bias material at 9.5 GHz. Different temperature dependences were observed at 35 GHz. Our results are consistent with relaxation related to thermally driven reversal of the antiferromagnetic grains. Intrinsic damping and inhomogeneities also add to the widths. The qualitative features of the temperature and frequency dependences of the linewidths can be described with the usual expression for the slow relaxation linewidth mechanism. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time is taken from Neel's expression for the reversal time using appropriate rate prefactors and activation energies. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lubitz, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 6901 EP 6903 DI 10.1063/1.1358824 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AV UT WOS:000169151700102 ER PT J AU Ambrose, T Krebs, JJ Prinz, GA AF Ambrose, T Krebs, JJ Prinz, GA TI Magnetotransport properties of single crystal Co2MnGe/NM/Co2MnGe trilayers epitaxially grown on GaAs (001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Motorola Labs, TDK Corp, IBM, Toda Kogyo Corp, EMTEC Magnet GmbH, Quantum, Seagate Res, Sony Corp, Magnequench Technol Ctr, AJA Int Inc, Digital Measurement Syst ID HEUSLER ALLOY-FILMS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB The magnetotransport properties of single crystal trilayers 60 Angstrom Co2MnGe/NM/30 Angstrom Co2MnGe where NM is a nonmagnetic spacer material has been studied. The samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001) substrates. The 2 to 1 ratios in thickness of the Co2MnGe layers allows for the easy determination of which ferromagnetic layers have switched during magnetometry measurements. A weak 90 degrees coupling has been observed in trilayers with either a Mn or a V spacer layer. In these coupled films a giant magnetoresistance type magnetoresistance of less than 1% has been measured at room temperature. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ambrose, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11 BP 7522 EP 7524 DI 10.1063/1.1359476 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 440AV UT WOS:000169151700303 ER PT J AU Mitts, K Muldoon, MP Gladden, M Padgett, DE AF Mitts, K Muldoon, MP Gladden, M Padgett, DE TI Instability after total knee arthroplasty with the Miller-Gallante II total knee - 5- to 7-year follow-up SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article DE posterior cruciate retaining; total knee replacement; instability; pivot shift; articular conformity AB A consecutive series of 64 posterior cruciate-retaining hybrid total knee arthroplasties in 50 patients were reviewed with an average 57-month follow-up. Seven patients died or were lost to follow-up. One patient was revised for infection in the early postoperative period, and there were no cases of aseptic loosening. Four revisions were performed for recurrent effusions and progressive instability at a mean of 55 months postoperatively. There were statistically significant correlations between manual stability resting (anteroposterior, mediolateral, and pivot shift) and Hospital for Special Surgery and I(nee Society scores. At intermediate follow-up, the Miller-Gallante II total knee arthroplasty is functioning well except in a subgroup of patients with progressive instability resulting from a combination of patient and implant factors. C1 Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Orthopaed, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Muldoon, MP (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 422 EP 427 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 442CK UT WOS:000169267500003 PM 11402403 ER PT J AU Dutkowsky, DH McCoskey, SK AF Dutkowsky, DH McCoskey, SK TI Near integration, bank reluctance, and discount window borrowing SO JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE LA English DT Article DE discount window; borrowed reserves; bank reluctance; near integration; dynamic implicit cost ID RESERVE OPERATING PROCEDURE; MONETARY-POLICY; TIME-SERIES; REGRESSION; MODEL; DEMAND; FUNDS AB This study puts forth stationarity considerations in explaining the observed breakdown between aggregate Discount Window borrowing and the spread between the Federal Funds rate and the discount rate during the post-1987 period. Tests with biweekly data indicate stationarity for adjustment borrowing, but cannot reject the unit root for the spread. The Goodfriend-Dutkowsky dynamic implicit cost formulation can accommodate the contrasting stationarity properties. Structural restrictions are compatible with stationary borrowing and a stationary or near integrated spread. While empirical findings from the static model indicate greater bank reluctance to borrow over time, the dynamic model gives considerably less support. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Syracuse Univ, Maxwell Sch Citizenship & Publ Affairs, Dept Econ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dutkowsky, DH (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Maxwell Sch Citizenship & Publ Affairs, Dept Econ, 110 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4266 J9 J BANK FINANC JI J. Bank Financ. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1036 DI 10.1016/S0378-4266(00)00111-4 PG 24 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 437ZM UT WOS:000169029300001 ER PT J AU Porter, MB Tattersall, M Ianniello, JP AF Porter, MB Tattersall, M Ianniello, JP TI Assessment of 3-D effects in the Key West LWAD experiment SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACOUSTICS; PROPAGATION; FIELDS AB The role of 3-D effects has long been debated in the ocean acoustics community. Typically, 3-D problems are handled in an approximation that uses a fan of bearing lines to build up a 3-D image of the acoustic field with many 2-D slices. This is the so-called N by 2-D approach and it is probably safe to say it is adequate for simple calculations of the SONAR range-of-the-day. On the other hand, acoustic models are now finding an important role in matched-field processing (MFP) where they are integrated with the signal processing to correct for the channel effects. These applications demand much more from the models but, somewhat surprisingly, recent broadband experiments have revealed that the models are up to the task. The main features of the echo patterns are well-predicted by such models and can be reliably exploited, at least in areas where the ocean bottom is fairly flat. The challenge now is to push MFP to more realistic scenarios with complicated topography and potential 3-D effects. One phase of the December 1997 Key West I;WAD (Littoral Warfare Advance Development) experiment was designed to address exactly this issue. We use this Key West scenario as a backdrop to discuss modeling approaches combining beams and modes and the impact of the resulting 3-D variation on MFP for towed arrays. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Porter, MB (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 10260 Campus Point Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1142/S0218396X01001066 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 454MD UT WOS:000169975600004 ER PT J AU Smirnov, IP Khilko, AI Caruthers, JW AF Smirnov, IP Khilko, AI Caruthers, JW TI Prospects for medium-scale diffraction tomography on the shelf SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Theoretical and Computational Acoustics (ICTCA) CY MAY, 1999 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID WAVES AB Acoustical tomographical reconstruction of the location and sizes of spatially localized, random perturbation in a shallow-water oceanic waveguides is developed for mid-range distances. As examples of such perturbations, clouds of bubbles arising due to breaking wind waves and shoals of fishes are discussed. The ray approximation is used for the acoustical field description. The oceanic environment is presented as a medium with a background of uniformly distributed Volume and surface random inhomogeneous fluctuations. Complex acoustical repetitive pulses are used as the probing signal. The receiving system consists of an array of spatially distributed hydrophones. The signals received from all hydrophones are processed on the basis of a tomographic algorithm including matched-filter processing in the spatial and frequency domains for reconstruction of the random time-delay statistical moments (average value and dispersion), which are descriptors of the observed random spatially localized inhomogeneity. As a specific model of random perturbation, a three-dimensional Gaussian cloud of fluctuations associated with parameters of a fish shoal is investigated. A vertically distributed array of receivers and a directed source of LFM-pulses are tested as the prototype of the tomographical system in a shallow waveguide with typical hydrology. Computer simulations of the tomographical reconstructions are conducted taking into account investigation of the influence of the level of additive noise on the accuracy of the reconstructed parameters. C1 Nizny Novgorod State Univ, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Smirnov, IP (reprint author), Nizny Novgorod State Univ, 23 Gagarina Ave, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 395 EP 411 DI 10.1142/S0218396X01000346 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 454MD UT WOS:000169975600008 ER PT J AU Parr, LF Anderson, AL Glennon, BK Fetherston, P AF Parr, LF Anderson, AL Glennon, BK Fetherston, P TI Quality-control issues on high-resolution diagnostic monitors SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Computer-Applications-in-Radiology CY MAY 03-06, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB Previous literature indicates a need for more data collection in the area of quality control of high-resolution diagnostic monitors. Throughout acceptance testing, which began in June 2000, stability of monitor calibration was analyzed. Although image quality on all monitors was found to be acceptable upon initial acceptance testing using VeriLUM software by Image Smiths, Inc (Germantown, MD), it was determined to be unacceptable during the clinical phase of acceptance testing. High-resolution monitors were evaluated for quality assurance on a weekly basis from installation through acceptance testing and beyond. During clinical utilization determination (CUD), monitor calibration was identified as a problem and the manufacturer returned and recalibrated all workstations. From that time through final acceptance testing, high-resolution monitor calibration and monitor failure rate remained a problem. The monitor vendor then returned to the site to address these areas. Monitor defocus was still noticeable and calibration checks were increased to three times per week. White and black level drift on medium-resolution monitors had been attributed to raster size settings. Measurements of white and black level at several different size settings were taken to determine the effect of size on white and black level settings. Black level remained steady with size change. White level appeared to increase by 2.0 cd/m(2) for every 0.1 inches decrease in horizontal raster size. This was determined not to be the cause of the observed brightness drift. Frequency of calibration/testing is an issue in a clinical environment. The increased frequency required at our site cannot be sustained. The medical physics division cannot provide dedicated personnel to conduct the quality-assurance testing on all monitors at this interval due to other physics commitments throughout the hospital. Monitor access is also an issue due to radiologists' need to read images. Some workstations are in use 7 nM to 11 PM daily. An appropriate monitor calibration frequency must be established during acceptance testing to ensure unacceptable drift is not masked by excessive calibration frequency. Standards for acceptable black level and white level drift also need to be determined. The monitor vendor and hospital staff agree that currently, very small printed text is an acceptable method of determining monitor blur, however, a better method of determining monitor blur is being pursued. Although monitors may show acceptable quality during initial acceptance testing, they need to show sustained quality during the clinical acceptance-testing phase. Defocus, black level, and white level are image quality concerns, which need to be evaluated during the clinical phase of acceptance testing. image quality deficiencies can have a negative impact on patient care and raise serious medical-legal concerns. The attention to quality control required of the hospital staff needs to be realistic and not have a significant impact on radiology workflow. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Anderson, AL (reprint author), 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD JUN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 SU 1 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 444MX UT WOS:000169404200007 PM 11442103 ER PT J AU Parr, LF Liotta, PL Glennon, BK Anderson, AL AF Parr, LF Liotta, PL Glennon, BK Anderson, AL TI Trials and tribulations in deploying digital imaging network and picture archiving and communication system - Film to filmless in 80 days SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Computer-Applications-in-Radiology CY MAY 03-06, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB The Naval Medical Center Portsmouth (NMCP) was constructed with the intention of deploying a picture archiving and communications system (PACS). All necessary infrastructures were installed and considerable planning was done during construction with the belief that this would make the deployment of the PACS much simpler. This was true during the early deployment; however, as time passed and the system was more heavily used, significant problems arose. User/operator-related and hardware/software-related problems were encountered. Although, most have been corrected, some have persisted and will require considerable manpower and/or fiscal resources to correct. The lesson learned is that no matter how much preparation is done for deploying PACS, many significant problems will surface as the system is used that will require the continued attention of the deployment project officer. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Radiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Parr, LF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Radiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD JUN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 SU 1 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 444MX UT WOS:000169404200045 PM 11442084 ER PT J AU Lean, JL White, OR Livingston, WC Picone, JM AF Lean, JL White, OR Livingston, WC Picone, JM TI Variability of a composite chromospheric irradiance index during the 11-year activity cycle and over longer time periods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MG-II INDEX; SOLAR-ACTIVITY RECONSTRUCTION; GROUP SUNSPOT NUMBERS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIANCE; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; FLUX VARIATIONS; 10.7-CM FLUX; K-LINE AB Chromospheric emission lines are the dominant energy input to the Earth's upper atmosphere, where they create its embedded ionosphere. Knowledge of the Sun's chromospheric radiation is therefore essential for understanding variability in this region, which contributes significantly to space weather. With the goal of obtaining a suitable surrogate of extreme ultraviolet irradiance variability for atmospheric studies, we construct a composite chromospheric index by comparing and cross calibrating available ground and space-based indices. Since ground-based flux observations of the chromosphere exist only since 1974, we construct 11-year activity cycles of the index since 1950 by using a parameterization of the daily plage index and the 100-day smoothed 10.7-cm flux, and prior to that by an analogous parameterization of the daily and 100-day smoothed sunspot group numbers. Comparisons of solar and stellar chromospheric indices suggest that long term changes in the Sun's chromospheric emission since the Maunder minimum may exceed recent solar cycle amplitudes by as much as a factor of 2. We simulate this by adding to the 11-year activity cycles a speculated varying background component derived from 15-year smoothed sunspot group numbers that increases from 1900 to 1950 and remains approximately level in the decades since then. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lean, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 61 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A6 BP 10645 EP 10658 DI 10.1029/2000JA000340 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 435WP UT WOS:000168905400015 ER PT J AU Hamrin, M Andre, M Ganguli, G Gavrishchaka, VV Koepke, ME Zintl, MW Ivchenko, N Karlsson, T Clemmons, JH AF Hamrin, M Andre, M Ganguli, G Gavrishchaka, VV Koepke, ME Zintl, MW Ivchenko, N Karlsson, T Clemmons, JH TI Inhomogeneous transverse electric fields and wave generation in the auroral region: A statistical study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON TURBULENCE; BAND ELF WAVES; VELOCITY-SHEAR; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTROSTATIC-WAVES; ENERGIZATION MECHANISMS; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; ALIGNED CURRENTS; PLASMA-WAVES; FLOW AB We use data from the Freja satellite to investigate the importance of localized transverse DC electric fields for the generation of broadband waves responsible for ion heating in the auroral region. Theoretical models indicate that shear in the plasma Row perpendicular to the geomagnetic field can generate waves in a broad range around the ion gyrofrequency for parallel currents significantly below the threshold of the current-driven electrostatic ion cyclotron instability. We compare in situ data with laboratory measurements and theoretical predictions, and we find that inhomogeneous electric fields might well be important for the generation of waves in the auroral region. C1 Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Aerospace Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Hamrin, M (reprint author), Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. OI Clemmons, James/0000-0002-5298-5222; Ivchenko, Nickolay/0000-0003-2422-5426 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A6 BP 10803 EP 10816 DI 10.1029/2001JA900003 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 435WP UT WOS:000168905400028 ER PT J AU Nomura, T Carlton, JMR Baird, JK del Portillo, HA Fryauff, DJ Rathore, D Fidock, DA Su, XZ Collins, WE McCutchan, TF Wootton, JC Wellems, TE AF Nomura, T Carlton, JMR Baird, JK del Portillo, HA Fryauff, DJ Rathore, D Fidock, DA Su, XZ Collins, WE McCutchan, TF Wootton, JC Wellems, TE TI Evidence for different mechanisms of chloroquine resistance in 2 Plasmodium species that cause human malaria SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIVAX MALARIA; AOTUS MONKEYS; ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOS; IRIAN-JAYA; IN-VITRO; STRAIN; FALCIPARUM; GENE; INDONESIA; PYRIMETHAMINE AB Chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria was first reported 12 years ago, nearly 30 years after the recognition of CQ-resistant P. falciparum. Loss of CQ efficacy now poses a severe problem for the prevention and treatment of both diseases. Mutations in a digestive vacuole protein encoded by a 13-exon gene, pfcrt, were shown recently to have a central role in the CQ resistance (CQR) of P. falciparum. Whether mutations in pfcrt orthologues of other Plasmodium species are involved in CQR remains an open question. This report describes pfcrt homologues from P. vivax, P. knowlesi, P. berghei, and Dictyostelium discoideum. Synteny between the P. falciparum and P. vivax genes is demonstrated. However, a survey of patient isolates and monkey-adapted lines has shown no association between in vivo CQR and codon mutations in the P. vivax gene. This is evidence that the molecular events underlying P. vivax CQR differ from those in P. falciparum. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Computat Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Wellems, TE (reprint author), Bldg 4,Rm 126,Natl Inst Hlth Campus, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI del Portillo, Hernando /L-2131-2014; OI del Portillo, Hernando /0000-0002-5278-3452; Fidock, David/0000-0001-6753-8938; Su, Xinzhuan/0000-0003-3246-3248 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050234] NR 54 TC 112 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 11 BP 1653 EP 1661 DI 10.1086/320707 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 430XZ UT WOS:000168601900014 PM 11343215 ER PT J AU Young, D Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY Modi, R Fitz-Gerald, J Pique, A Chrisey, DB Atanassova, P Kodas, T AF Young, D Wu, HD Auyeung, RCY Modi, R Fitz-Gerald, J Pique, A Chrisey, DB Atanassova, P Kodas, T TI Dielectric properties of oxide structures by a laser-based direct-writing method SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SENSOR MATERIALS; SPHERES; METAL AB Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct-write (MAPLE-DW) is a laser-based method of directly writing mesoscopic patterns of electronic materials. Patterns of composite BaTiO2/SiO2/TiO2 dielectric material were written onto Pt/Au interdigitated-electrode test structures, with precise control over final dielectric properties. Scanning electron microscopy indicates random close-packed structures of BaTiO2 and SiO2 particles, with interstitial spaces partially filled with titania. Depending on the BaTiO3:silica ratio, the dielectric constant ranged from 5 to 55 and followed a 4-component logarithmic rule of mixing. This work demonstrates that the transfer process and the final material properties of MAPLE-DW oxide materials are largely decoupled. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Super Micropowders, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Young, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1720 EP 1725 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0237 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 440ZM UT WOS:000169206600026 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ AF Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ TI Studies of the formation of Ga and Al wires on Si(112) facet surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Materials in Microelectronics CY OCT 16-17, 2000 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Inst Mat, Inst Phys, IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID GROWTH; ENERGETICS; KINETICS; CHAINS AB Reflectance anisotropy (RA), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to study the formation of Ga or Al chains and nanowires on the Si(1 1 2) surface. At T > 350 degreesC, the Ga or Al chains form at the step edges by a self-limiting process, while at lower temperatures, Ga or Al metallic nanowires form on the terraces, in addition to the chains on the ledges. Low temperature depositions (at or below 300 degreesC) are shown to lead to the formation of Al (or Ga) metallic anisotropic nanostructures, which switch polarization as a function of deposition thickness. These results have been confirmed using atomic force microscopy, which clearly shows the progression of these anisotropic features as a function of deposition time. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 4-6 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1023/A:1011275807357 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 450GX UT WOS:000169734400018 ER PT J AU Le, CT Gray, GC Poddar, SK AF Le, CT Gray, GC Poddar, SK TI A modified rapid method of nucleic acid isolation from suspension of matured virus: applied in restriction analysis of DNA from an adenovirus prototype strain and a patient isolate SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCR AB This report describes a method for the isolation of nucleic acid from a suspension of matured virus. Nucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from a prototype strain of adenovirus type 7 and a clinical isolate of adenovirus type 7. Instead of the usual method of ultracentifugation, a filtration method was applied to concentrate the virus rapidly and nucleic acid was then isolated by a standard phenol/chloroform/isoamyl-alcohol extraction procedure. The DNA was found to be sufficiently purified to generate a reproducible restriction endonuclease digestion pattern. The clinical isolate of adenovirus type 7 revealed loss of restriction site for the endonuclease HindIII when compared with the prototype strain. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Poddar, SK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DOD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 50 IS 6 BP 571 EP 574 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 435JG UT WOS:000168877900011 PM 11393295 ER PT J AU Pietron, JJ Rolison, DR AF Pietron, JJ Rolison, DR TI Electrochemically induced surface modification of titanols in a 'nanoglued' titania aerogel-silica aerogel composite film SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Aerogels (ISA-6) CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP NanoPore Inc, Cabot Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID POLYCRYSTALLINE TIO2 ELECTRODES; FLAT-BAND POTENTIALS; SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION; ANATASE ELECTRODES; ACCUMULATION; ADSORPTION; SOL AB Titania aerogel, thermally processed into its anatase form, has been bound as submicrometer particles to an electrode with silica sol. The resulting composite gel is supercritically dried to create a titania-silica composite aerogel film on the conducting substrate. Titania aerogel particles present in the mesoporous film are electrochemically addressable. In organic electrolyte containing isopropanol and added water, the electrochemical response negative of the flatband potential of TiO2 indicates that electrogenerated reactants (hydroxides and isopropoxides) induce condenzation reactions with surface titanols (Ti-OH). The data suggest that titania aerogels can be electrochemically modified in a controllable way with a wide variety of compounds that have reducible -OH moieties. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00426-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 444QJ UT WOS:000169410800004 ER PT J AU Morris, CA Rolison, DR Swider-Lyons, KE Osburn-Atkinson, EJ Merzbacher, CI AF Morris, CA Rolison, DR Swider-Lyons, KE Osburn-Atkinson, EJ Merzbacher, CI TI Modifying nanoscale silica with itself: a method to control surface properties of silica aerogels independently of bulk structure SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Aerogels (ISA-6) CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP NanoPore Inc, Cabot Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID AMBIENT-PRESSURE; GELS; TRANSITION; FILMS AB A nanoscale morphological composite of silica can be prepared in which the bulk properties (density, transparency) of the rough colloidal silica network are retained while the surface properties are dictated by a ramified form of nanoscale acid-catalyzed silica. This silica-modified silica composite is created by chemically modifying a base-catalyzed silica gel with a silica sol prepared by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation. Such structural nanocomposites of base-catalyzed, acid-modified (BCAM) silica gels can be supercritically dried to create BCAM aerogels in which the nanoscale mesoporous material is transparent to visible light while the surface of the silica network adopts the chemical nature (silanol-rich, hydrophilic) typical of an acid-catalyzed silica aerogel. Allowing an acid-catalyzed silica sol to gel about a base-catalyzed silica gel creates BCAM gels-in-gels that retain high porosity (> 85%, yet which permit noncovalent entrapment of molecules at the base-catalyzed interface under conditions in which they would otherwise freely diffuse out of the gel or aerogel structure. The BCAM approach may be extended to create morphological nanocomposites other than SiO2/SiO2 and is demonstrated for a titania-modified silica gel and aerogel. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Opt Tech Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00428-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 444QJ UT WOS:000169410800006 ER PT J AU Merzbacher, CI Meier, SR Pierce, JR Korwin, ML AF Merzbacher, CI Meier, SR Pierce, JR Korwin, ML TI Carbon aerogels as broadband non-reflective materials SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Aerogels (ISA-6) CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP NanoPore Inc, Cabot Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID BLACK AB We report the reflectance properties over a wide spectral range of five carbon aerogels prepared by different synthetic routes. Carbon aerogels that were prepared by the conventional base-catalyzed hydration and polymerization of a resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) solution followed by pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere have the lowest reflectance among all the aerogels investigated. The directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR) of the low density 0.07 g/cm(2) conventional carbon aerogel studied is on the order of 0.3% across the entire 40,000-700 cm(-1) (0.25-14.3 mum) region. The other carbon aerogels studied all have DHR values below similar to6% in the infrared and below 2.5% in the ultraviolet. Increasing the incidence angle from 8 degrees to 30 degrees leads to an increase of similar to0.2% in the DHR of each material. The low reflectivity of carbon aerogels is attributed to high absorption by carbon along with the rough internal and external surfaces of the aerogel structure. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alfred Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RP Merzbacher, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1-3 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00455-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 444QJ UT WOS:000169410800033 ER PT J AU Long, JW Stroud, RM Rolison, DR AF Long, JW Stroud, RM Rolison, DR TI Controlling the pore-solid architecture of mesoporous, high surface area manganese oxides with the birnessite structure SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Aerogels (ISA-6) CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP NanoPore Inc, Cabot Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; VANADIUM-OXIDE; AEROGELS; INTERCALATION; INSERTION AB We describe the preparation of nanoscale, mesoporous manganese oxides with the birnessite structure. Although all dried gels derive from the same sol-gel chemistry, the final pore architectures are significantly different, being determined by the method employed for removal of the pore fluid. The high porosity of the initial wet gel is retained if the pore fluid is removed where capillary forces are either minimized (to form an ambigel) or zero (to form an aerogel). The higher porosities of ambigels and aerogels facilitate the insertion/de-insertion of Li cations, resulting in improved electrochemical performance at high charge/discharge rates as compared to the xerogel form. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Long, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 1-3 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00469-0 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 444QJ UT WOS:000169410800045 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, RD Horning, GM Nicoll, BK Cohen, ME AF Rupprecht, RD Horning, GM Nicoll, BK Cohen, ME TI Prevalence of dehiscences and fenestrations in modern American skulls SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolar bone/anatomy and histology; skull/anatomy and histology ID ALVEOLAR AB Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, distribution, and features of alveolar dehiscences and fenestrations in modern American skulls and correlate their presence with occlusal attrition, root prominence, and alveolar bone thickness. Methods: A representative sample of 146 dentate modern American skulls from a collection at the National Museum of Natural History were examined. Results: The skulls were from subjects ranging in age from 17 to 87 years old (mean 49.1 years). The mean number of teeth per skull was 22.7 and the mean number of either dehiscence or fenestration defects per skull was 3.0. Of the 3,315 individual teeth examined, 4.1% (135) had dehiscences and 9.0% (298) had fenestrations. A dehiscence was present in 40.4% of the skulls, and a fenestration was present in 61.6% of skulls. Mandibular canines were most often affected by dehiscences (12.9%), while maxillary first molars were most often affected by fenestrations (37.0%). Sixty-seven percent of dehiscences were found in the mandible, and 58% of fenestrations were found in the maxilla. Conclusions: The presence of dehiscences and fenestrations were positively correlated with thin alveolar bone and negatively correlated with occlusal attrition. African-American males and Caucasian females were significantly more likely to have dehiscences, while African-American females were significantly more likely to have fenestrations. C1 USN, Post Grad Dent Sch, Dept Periodont, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Naval Dent Ctr Far E, Dept Periodont, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. USN, Dent Ctr Mid Atlantic, Dept Periodont, Norfolk, VA USA. USN, Dent Res Ctr, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Rupprecht, RD (reprint author), USN, Post Grad Dent Sch, Dept Periodont, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 722 EP 729 DI 10.1902/jop.2001.72.6.722 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 446AT UT WOS:000169491300004 PM 11453233 ER PT J AU Lewis, H Jackson, P Salkind, A Danko, T Bell, R AF Lewis, H Jackson, P Salkind, A Danko, T Bell, R TI Advanced membranes for alkaline primary and rechargeable alkaline cells with zinc anodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Power Sources Symposium CY APR 09-11, 2001 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Battery Syst Ltd, Batteries Int, British Telecom, CMP Batteries, DERA, Hawker Ltd, SAFT, Transport Res Lab, Ultralife Batteries (UK) Ltd, Varta Ltd DE silver/zinc rechargeable cells; separators/cellulosic; separators/graft copolymer AB Several advanced cellulosic and radiation grafted polypropylene membrane materials are currently under evaluation in the laboratories at Navsea Crane and Rutgers University, for application to alkaline primary and rechargeable cell chemistries which employ zinc as the anode material. A portion of these tests involve model cell evaluations of cellulosic membranes for silver migration rates through the membranes as a function of separation layers and changes in the degree of polymerisation (DP), wet tensile strength (WTS) and voltage changes at both electrodes as a function of model rechargeable cell life cycle. Other testing on the actual membranes is generating data for both cellulosic and polypropylene materials on impedance, swelling properties, and silver and zinc penetration rates. The overall goal of these investigations is to obtain candidate separation membranes which will reduce zinc anode shape change and shedding and resist alkaline oxidative degradation to extend the active wet life in primary cells and both wet and life cycle in rechargeable cells. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Coll Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Viskase Corp, Chicago, IL 60638 USA. UCB Films Plc, Wigton CA7 9BG, Cumbria, England. RP Lewis, H (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, 300 Highway 361,Code 609,B3287, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM lewis_h@crane.navy.mil NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 96 IS 1 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00489-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 440KN UT WOS:000169174600022 ER PT J AU Medeiros, MG Bessette, RR Deschenes, CM Atwater, DW AF Medeiros, MG Bessette, RR Deschenes, CM Atwater, DW TI Optimization of the magnesium-solution phase catholyte semi-fuel cell for long duration testing SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Power Sources Symposium CY APR 09-11, 2001 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Battery Syst Ltd, Batteries Int, British Telecom, CMP Batteries, DERA, Hawker Ltd, SAFT, Transport Res Lab, Ultralife Batteries (UK) Ltd, Varta Ltd DE magnesium anodes; semi-fuel cells; hydrogen peroxide; Taguchi matrix AB A magnesium semi-fuel cell (Mg-SFC) was investigated as an energetic electrochemical system for low rate, long endurance undersea vehicle applications. This electrochemical system uses a ME anode, a sea water electrolyte, a Nafion membrane, a carbon paper cathode catalyzed with Pd and Ir, and a catholyte of hydrogen peroxide in a sea water/acid electrolyte. Unique to the approach described here is the use of a magnesium anode together with the introduction of the catholyte in solution with the sea water. thus operating as a semi-fuel cell as opposed to a battery. Five critical operating parameters were optimized using a Taguchi matrix experimental design. Using these optimized conditions, high voltage and high efficiencies were obtained during long duration tests. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. SE Massachusetts Univ, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Syst Integrat & Res Inc, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Medeiros, MG (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare, Newport Div, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 39 U1 8 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 96 IS 1 BP 236 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00500-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 440KN UT WOS:000169174600038 ER PT J AU Bessette, RR Medeiros, MG Patrissi, CJ Deschenes, CM LaFratta, CN AF Bessette, RR Medeiros, MG Patrissi, CJ Deschenes, CM LaFratta, CN TI Development and characterization of a novel carbon fiber based cathode for semi-fuel cell applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Power Sources Symposium CY APR 09-11, 2001 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Battery Syst Ltd, Batteries Int, British Telecom, CMP Batteries, DERA, Hawker Ltd, SAFT, Transport Res Lab, Ultralife Batteries (UK) Ltd, Varta Ltd DE semi-fuel cells; carbon fibers; carbon electrodes ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; REDUCTION; IRIDIUM AB Fabrication of a microfibre carbon electrode (MCE) using a textile science flocking technique is described. Carbon fibers. 0.5 mm long and 10 mum in diameter are aligned perpendicular to the surface of a conductive carbon epoxy coated carbon paper substrate in a high voltage (typically 70 kV) field. SEM images are used to confirm high carbon fiber density and associated high volumetric surface area. Coverage of the carbon fiber surface with stable Pd-Ir clusters is shown. Performance of the MCE in a magnesium-hydrogen peroxide semi-fuel cell (SFC) under optimum conditions and at reduced concentration of H2O2 is reported upon. (C) 2001 Elsevier science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. BAE Syst, Middletown, RI 02842 USA. RP Bessette, RR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. NR 15 TC 62 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 96 IS 1 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00492-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 440KN UT WOS:000169174600039 ER PT J AU Gucinski, JA Slack, M AF Gucinski, JA Slack, M TI Findings of the rechargeable battery study sponsored by NATIBO (North American technology and industrial base organization) SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Power Sources Symposium CY APR 09-11, 2001 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Battery Syst Ltd, Batteries Int, British Telecom, CMP Batteries, DERA, Hawker Ltd, SAFT, Transport Res Lab, Ultralife Batteries (UK) Ltd, Varta Ltd DE standardization; military batteries ID HUGIN AB This paper summarizes and updates the findings of the North American technology and industrial base organization (NATIBO) study entitled "Rechargeable Battery/Systems for Communication/Electronic Application". The mission of the NATIBO organization is to promote a cost effective and healthy technology and industrial base that is: responsive to the national and economical security needs of the United States and Canada. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Power Syst Dept, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Dept Natl Def, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K2, Canada. RP Gucinski, JA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Power Syst Dept, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 96 IS 1 BP 246 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00674-1 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 440KN UT WOS:000169174600040 ER PT J AU Frechette, AR AF Frechette, AR TI The influences of partial denture design on distribution of force to abutment teeth SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Dent Clin, Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Frechette, AR (reprint author), USN, Dent Clin, Marine Corps Base, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 85 IS 6 BP 527 EP 539 DI 10.1067/mpr.2001.116561 PG 13 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 445BY UT WOS:000169439300002 PM 11404752 ER PT J AU Alfano, SG Leupold, RJ AF Alfano, SG Leupold, RJ TI Using the neutral zone to obtain maxillomandibular relationship records for complete denture patients SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article AB A technique for obtaining maxillomandibular registration for complete denture patients is presented. The maxillary rim is formed with the use of conventional techniques. The mandibular rim is made from modeling plastic impression compound on a record base formed by the patient into the neutral zone. The mandibular rim then is reheated, and the patient determines the occlusal vertical dimension by swallowing. An imprint of the maxillary rim is made on the mandibular rim at the occlusal vertical dimension. The posterior extent of the mandibular rim is relieved 1 mm. Orientation notches are placed in both rims, and centric relation is recorded with a fast-setting vinyl polysiloxane material. C1 USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Prosthodont, Prosthodont Residency Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 85 IS 6 BP 621 EP 623 DI 10.1067/mpr.2001.115534 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 445BY UT WOS:000169439300013 PM 11404763 ER PT J AU Wilson, PF Johnson, WB AF Wilson, PF Johnson, WB TI Core virtues for the practice of mentoring SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND THEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGY; MODEL; INTEGRATION; PRINCIPLES AB Mentoring relationships in psychology and other fields are often long-term, complex, and multifaceted. Although mentoring is associated with a host of benefits and positive outcomes for proteges, excellent mentoring requires careful attention to potential ethical concerns. In this article, we review mentoring literature from the education and management fields, as well as spiritual-direction literature, with attention to the traits and virtues of mentors. We argue for the relevance of mentor character virtues and propose that three central virtues (integrity, courage, and care) offer a solid starting point for theory and research relevant to the significance of mentor character. We conclude with a discussion of implications for training and research in psychology. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. George Fox Univ, Newberg, OR 97132 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROSEMEAD SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY PI LA MIRADA PA 13800 BIOLA AVENUE, BIOLA UNIVERSITY, LA MIRADA, CA 90639-0001 USA SN 0091-6471 J9 J PSYCHOL THEOL JI J. Psychol. Theol. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Religion SC Psychology; Religion GA 447WC UT WOS:000169594600003 ER PT J AU Dacol, DK AF Dacol, DK TI Pulse propagation in randomly fluctuating media SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN AB Pulse propagation in a weakly and randomly inhomogeneous medium is studied using a time-domain progressive wave equation. An eikonal-like approximated solution to the wave equation derived from the path integral representation is used to obtain the time-dependent statistics of pulses propagating through this random medium. This approach yields both a simple way of producing simulations of time series as well as their statistical properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dacol, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 109 IS 6 BP 2581 EP 2586 DI 10.1121/1.1373448 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 443CU UT WOS:000169322800006 PM 11425098 ER PT J AU Feuillade, C AF Feuillade, C TI Acoustically coupled gas bubbles in fluids: Time-domain phenomena SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER; SEA-SURFACE; ATTENUATION; SCATTERING; PROPAGATION; CLOUDS; SOUND; MODEL; FISH AB In previous work [C. Feuillade, J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 98, 1178-1190 (1995)] a coupled oscillator formalism was introduced for describing collective resonances, scattering, and superresonances, of multiple gas bubbles in a fluid. Subsequently, time-domain investigations of the impulse response of coupled systems have disclosed the exact conditions which determine whether the ensemble scattering behavior should be described using: either (a), a multiple scattering; or (b), a self-consistent methodology. The determining factor is the e of the individual scatterers, and their typical spatial separations in the medium. Fbr highly damped or sparse systems, e.g., scattering from loose schools of swimbladder fish, or from a gassy seabed containing entrained bubbles, the multiple scatter counting approach should be applicable. For more strongly coupled systems, e.g., a dense cloud of resonating bubbles in the water column, energy exchange may be due primarily to radiative cycling rather than scattering, in which case a self-consistent approach is indicated. The result has implications for both volume and bottom scattering applications. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Feuillade, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 109 IS 6 BP 2606 EP 2615 DI 10.1121/1.1369102 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 443CU UT WOS:000169322800009 PM 11425101 ER PT J AU Scandrett, CL Day, JL Baker, SR AF Scandrett, CL Day, JL Baker, SR TI A modal Pritchard approximation for computing array element mutual impedance SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB An investigation into the applicability and accuracy of Pritchard's approximation for closely packed transducer arrays is undertaken. A new, ''modal'' Pritchard approximation is developed, based upon normal modes of the acoustic medium, and is tested for arrays of acoustically hard spheres to ascertain its accuracy in determining the mutual acoustic radiation impedance between array elements. For ka approximate to1, it is found that the modal Pritchard approximation works quite well in approximating the mutual radiation impedance of a two-element array, even for relatively close spacing; but for arrays of three or more scatterers in close proximity the approximation may have relatively large errors. The effect of neglecting inter-element scattering is analyzed for the monopole-to-monopole scattering of various configurations of a three-element array and a sixteen element double line array. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Off Naval Intelligence, Washington, DC 20395 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Scandrett, CL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 109 IS 6 BP 2715 EP 2729 DI 10.1121/1.1354985 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 443CU UT WOS:000169322800022 PM 11425114 ER PT J AU Gallo, WT Baker, MJ Bradley, EH AF Gallo, WT Baker, MJ Bradley, EH TI Factors associated with home versus institutional death among cancer patients in Connecticut SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Gerontological-Society-of-America CY NOV, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Gerontol Soc Amer DE hospice; end of life; cancer ID CARE SERVICES; PATIENTS DIE; PLACE; DETERMINANTS; ENGLAND; HOSPICE; TRENDS; SYSTEM; SITE AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationships between home death and a set of demographic, disease-related, and health-resource factors among individuals who died of cancer. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: All adult deaths from cancer in Connecticut during 1994. PARTICIPANTS: Six thousand eight hundred and thirteen individuals who met all of the following criteria: died of a cancer-related cause in 1994, had previously been diagnosed with cancer in Connecticut, and were age 18 and older at the time of death. MEASUREMENT: Site of death. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of the study sample died at home, 42% died in a hospital, 17% died in a nursing home, and 11% died in an inpatient hospice facility. Multivariate analysis indicated that demographic characteristics (being married, female, white, and residing in a higher income area), disease-related factors (type of cancer, longer survival postdiagnosis), and health-resource factors (greater availability of hospice providers, less availability of hospital beds) were associated with dying at home rather than in a hospital or inpatient hospice. CONCLUSIONS: The implications of this study for clinical practice and health planning are considerable. The findings identify groups (men, unmarried individuals, and those living in lower income areas) at higher risk for institutionalized death-groups that may be targeted for possible interventions to promote home death when home death is preferred by patients and their families. Further, the findings suggest that site of death is influenced by available health-system resources. Thus, if home death is to be supported, the relative availability of hospital beds and hospice providers may be an effective policy tool for promoting home death. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN Acad, Dept Econ, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gallo, WT (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH14235] NR 42 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 6 BP 771 EP 777 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49154.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 453EG UT WOS:000169903100011 PM 11454116 ER PT J AU Kuo, HC Chen, JH Williams, RT Chang, CP AF Kuo, HC Chen, JH Williams, RT Chang, CP TI Rossby waves in zonally opposing mean flow: Behavior in Northwest Pacific summer monsoon SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; ENERGY ACCUMULATION; LOW LATITUDES; EMANATION; VORTICITY; VORTEX; AXISYMMETRIZATION AB The interactions between monsoon circulations and tropical disturbances in the Northwest Pacific, where the low-level mean flow is westerly in the west and easterly in the east, are studied with a barotropic model. The authors' model results suggest that the scale contraction by the confluent background flow, the nonlinear dynamics, the beta effect, and the large-scale convergence are important for the energy and enstrophy accumulation near the region where the zonal flow reverses. The energy/enstrophy accumulation can be maintained with a continuous Rossby wave emanation upstream. The largest accumulation occurs when the emanating zonal wavelength is around 2000 km. Longer Rossby waves experience less scale contraction and nonlinear effects while shorter Rossby waves cannot hold a coherent structure against dispersive effects. The nonlinear energy/enstrophy accumulation mechanism is significantly different from previous linear energy accumulation theories. In the linear theories this is primarily accomplished by the slowdown of the Doppler-shifted group velocity through the convergence of mean zonal advection, while in nonlinear dynamics the contraction of the zonal wave scale plays the crucial role. More importantly, after the initial energy increase by the wave accumulation, linear dynamics will lead to an eventual loss of wave energy to the mean flow due to the increase of zonal wavenumber near the critical longitude. Thus, without the presence of other forcing processes such as diabatic heating, the disturbances will decay. In nonlinear dynamics, the sharpening of the vorticity gradient as the waves approach the confluence zone leads to the development of disturbance asymmetries with respect to the central latitude. This effect is through the nonlinear interaction of Rossby waves with the planetary vorticity gradient. This development leads to a pair of vorticity centers that straddles the central latitude with the cyclone (anticyclone) in the north (south), and an elongated, weak westerly flow along the central latitude. This elongated westerly flow, which possesses a zonal wavenumber smaller than that in the linear cases, reverses the sign of the Reynold's stress and allows the energy to grow near the critical longitude, leading to intensified disturbances. With a more realistic monsoonlike background flow, a northwestward propagation pattern with an approximately 8-day period and 3000-km wavelength is produced, in general agreement with observed disturbances in the Northwest Pacific. The intensified disturbance may disperse energy upstream, leading to a series of trailing anticyclonic and cyclonic cells along the northwestward propagation path. When an opposing current is present, the energy dispersion leads to the formation of new disturbances in the confluence zone by vortex axisymmetrization dynamics. Thus, our results indicate that the scale contraction and nonlinear effects may cause a succession of tropical disturbances to develop without disturbance-scale diabatic effects. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, MR-Cp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI KUO, HUNG-CHI/0000-0001-9102-5104 NR 28 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 58 IS 9 BP 1035 EP 1050 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1035:RWIZOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 430EY UT WOS:000168562600005 ER PT J AU Patrick, R Tanner, S Neale, M AF Patrick, R Tanner, S Neale, M TI Evaluating the ability of materiel to meet extended life requirements - Overview of a NATO methodology SO JOURNAL OF THE IEST LA English DT Article DE life extension; life cycle environmental profile; STANAG 4570; STANAG 4370; MIL-STD-810F; physics of failure; fatigue; reliability; modeling; simulation AB A methodology is proposed to address the requirement for extension of the service life of commercial or military equipment beyond the duration defined in the original equipment design, or Life Cycle Environmental Profile (LCEP) definition. The life extension evaluation process is based on the recently published NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG),STANAG4570 Edition 1, "Evaluating The Ability of Material To Meet Extended Life Requirements."Equipment systems are often too complex to easily determine the success of a life extension program. The methodology provides a structured and economical procedure to promote conformity and documentation of life extension requirements. Evaluation of the original and proposed LCEP, Current equipment service environment, and potential failure modes focus the evaluation on critical aspects. The application of environmental testing and analytical methods then provides a reliable procedure for evaluation of the life extension program. C1 USA, Yuma Proving Ground, Yuma, AR USA. China Lake Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Patrick, R (reprint author), USA, Yuma Proving Ground, Yuma, AR USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCI TECHNOLOGY PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA SN 1098-4321 J9 J IEST JI J. IEST PD SUM PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 472XC UT WOS:000171009400002 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Andres, J Romero, J Nieves, JL Lee, RL AF Hernandez-Andres, J Romero, J Nieves, JL Lee, RL TI Color and spectral analysis of daylight in southern Europe SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID LUMINOUS EFFICACY; LINEAR-MODELS; IRRADIANCE; SURFACE; CLEAR AB We have analyzed the colorimetric and spectral characteristics of 2600 daylight spectra (global spectral irradiances on a horizontal surface) measured for all sky states during a a;year period at Granada, Spain. We describe in detail the chromaticity coordinates, correlated color temperatures (CCT), luminous efficacies, and relative UV and IR contents of Granada daylight. The chromaticity coordinates of Granada daylight lie far above the CIE locus at high CCTs (>9000 K), and a CCT of 5700 K best typifies this daylight. Our principal-components analysis shows that Granada daylight spectra can be adequately represented by using six-dimensional linear models in the visible, whereas seven-dimensional models are required if we include the UV or near-IR. Yet on average only three-dimensional models are needed to reconstruct spectra that are colorimetrically indistinguishable from the original spectra. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. USN Acad, Div Math & Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hernandez-Andres, J (reprint author), Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013; Nieves, Juan Luis/L-1455-2014 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568; Nieves, Juan Luis/0000-0002-3103-8322 NR 34 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1325 EP 1335 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.001325 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 436MD UT WOS:000168938900014 PM 11393625 ER PT J AU Shenoy, D Lavarello, A Naciri, J Shashidhar, R AF Shenoy, D Lavarello, A Naciri, J Shashidhar, R TI On the thickness dependence of ferroelectric polarization in smectic C* liquid crystal cells SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; BISTABILITY AB The thickness dependence of ferroelectric polarization in a SmC* liquid crystal exhibiting a large value of polarization has been investigated. It is observed that the saturation value of the polarization shows no significant thickness dependence. This observation is in accordance with a recent theoretical framework developed by Galerne. It is shown that the wall thickness, where the polarization undergoes a reversal, and hence the self-screening effect, is insignificant in the material studied. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Shenoy, D (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 6 BP 841 EP 844 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 446GK UT WOS:000169504600005 ER PT J AU Atturio, JM Jenkins, JF Phoel, WC Flory, JF Paul, W Herrmann, H Coughlin, T Palo, PA AF Atturio, JM Jenkins, JF Phoel, WC Flory, JF Paul, W Herrmann, H Coughlin, T Palo, PA TI State of technology report - Ocean and coastal engineering division SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. Nickel Dev Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. Phoel Associates Inc, Toms River, NJ USA. Tens Technol Int Inc, Morristown, NJ USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Washington Navy Yard, DC USA. Schlumberger SCD, Sugar Land, TX USA. RP Atturio, JM (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 35 IS 2 BP 48 EP 66 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 459QT UT WOS:000170262800007 ER PT J AU Urbach, HB AF Urbach, HB TI Demonic pitfalls SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Urbach, HB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 123 IS 6 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 439GW UT WOS:000169103400003 ER PT J AU Trank, TV Ryman, DH Minagawa, RY Trone, DW Shaffer, RA AF Trank, TV Ryman, DH Minagawa, RY Trone, DW Shaffer, RA TI Running mileage, movement mileage, and fitness in male US Navy recruits SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE fitness improvement; run mileage; movement mileage ID LIFE-STYLE ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; EXERCISE; HEALTH; RECOMMENDATIONS; PREVENTION; SEDENTARY; INJURIES; BENEFITS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between overall fitness improvement and varying amounts of running and movement mileage. Methods: Subjects were male U.S. Navy recruits (N = 1703, 25 divisions), ages 17-35 yr (mean age = 20.1 +/- 2.9 yr), who attended boot camp from April 1996 through August 1996. During the first week of training, recruits performed a 1.5-mile run to determine baseline fitness levels. The results from the initial run were compared with a final 1.5-mile run conducted 6 wk later. Results: Based on an age-adjusted fitness scale for a 1.5-mile run time, about one third of the recruits began recruit training in "Excellent-Superior" condition (N = 558), one third began in "Good" condition (N = 582), and one third began in "Poor-Fair" condition (N = 563). Running mileage among divisions ranged from 11.5 to 43.5 miles for the entire 7-wk training period (mean = 22.7 +/- 7.2 miles; 8-22 run days, mean = 13 +/- 4 d). In addition to running, the divisions accumulated many movement miles (110-202 miles; mean = 145 +/- 26 miles) while marching in formation. Recruits who began training in Poor-Fair condition improved the most with an average decrease in run time of 1:55 +/- 1:06 min (15.6% improvement). The Good group improved by 47 +/- 37 s (7.3% improvement), and the Excellent-Superior group improved by 17 +/- 32 s (2.9% improvement). Conclusion: The magnitude of fitness improvement, as measured by run time improvement, was directly related to baseline fitness level but not related to movement mileage or high-intensity run mileage accrued during training. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Trank, TV (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1038 DI 10.1097/00005768-200106000-00024 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 439UL UT WOS:000169135900024 PM 11404670 ER PT J AU Fleming, B AF Fleming, B TI Soseki and his discontents (Japanese author Natsume Soseki and Western modernism) SO MICHIGAN QUARTERLY REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fleming, B (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA 3032 RACKHAM BLDG, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0026-2420 J9 MICH QUART REV JI Mich. Q. Rev. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 457 EP 483 PG 27 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 455YK UT WOS:000170055200001 ER PT J AU McKenzie, RT Boren, DM AF McKenzie, RT Boren, DM TI Analysis of environmental issues for nursing aboard the USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; OUTBREAKS; SHIPS AB The USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) is a unique environment for its staff and patients. Several environmental influences distinctively affect health, medical, and nursing care. Six main areas of environmental concern for operational nursing were examined. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the internal environment of a hospital ship were explored. Findings indicate that the USNS Mercy meets or exceeds many environmental standards. However, there is significant room for improvement and nursing involvement in issues related to the management of infectious diseases, patient transport, care of patients with nuclear, biological, or chemical agents, and management of wastes aboard the ship. Nursing implications for research and practice are proposed. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP McKenzie, RT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 463 EP 469 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DC UT WOS:000181419100003 PM 11413720 ER PT J AU Morrow, RC Schafer, KO Williams, RL AF Morrow, RC Schafer, KO Williams, RL TI Quality of deployment surveillance data in southwest Asia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECORD AB The Global Expeditionary Medical System (GEMS), formerly known as Desert Care II, provides clinical data on every medical encounter that occurs at U.S. Air Force medical treatment facilities in theater. After 22 months of surveillance from March 1997 to January 1999, 59,026 records were generated from 27,305 active duty members. A random sample of 273 individuals were reviewed for four key fields: chief complaint, diagnosis, International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, code, and disease and nonbattle injury category. The vast majority (>99%) of records were consistently classified and reported. An unrelated subset of all cases categorized as "Medical/Other" seen at Prince Sultan Air Base (5,640 records) also were analyzed. Reassignment was made in 19% of cases into other categories, suggesting that further refinement of disease and nonbattle injury reporting is needed for effective deployment medical surveillance. Overall, this electronic data-gathering system has high internal validity, consistency, and reliability for service members in the deployed U.S. Air Force setting. C1 USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Prevent Med Directorate, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Morrow, RC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Prevent Med Directorate, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 475 EP 479 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DC UT WOS:000181419100005 PM 11413722 ER PT J AU Knowlan, MN Arguello, JC Stewart, FI AF Knowlan, MN Arguello, JC Stewart, FI TI A survey of Navy physicians' attitudes toward the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in active duty military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Braceland Seminar CY MAY 15, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; DEPRESSION; FLUOXETINE; WORK AB A series of recent pharmacological discoveries have produced remarkable advances in psychotherapeutic medications. With the advent of newer antidepressants, there is a high degree of efficacy and a low risk profile. Potential benefits of these medications far outweigh the possible side effects, especially in contrast to older drugs. Navy Medicine now has the ability to treat active duty personnel during a deployment with safe antidepressant medications. The attitudes toward the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on active duty service members has been surveyed. Profiles of prescribing patterns and attitudes toward the use of these medications and safety within the context of the operational environment were also surveyed. Group comparisons across various medical specialties and command organizations were made. The survey results suggest a very favorable attitude toward prescribing SSRIs in the active duty population. C1 USN, Ctr Ambulatory Care, Dept Mental Hlth, Newport, RI 02841 USA. USN, Hosp Okinawa, Dept Psychiat, FPO, AP 96362 USA. Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Arlington, VA USA. RP Knowlan, MN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Ambulatory Care, Dept Mental Hlth, 1 Riggs Rd, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 526 EP 529 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DC UT WOS:000181419100014 PM 11413731 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE Garland, C Hourani, LL AF Gunderson, EKE Garland, C Hourani, LL TI Infectious disease rates in the US Navy, 1980 to 1995 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; MARINE-CORPS PERSONNEL; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; ARMY RECRUITS; YOUNG-ADULTS; VARICELLA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROSURVEY; MUMPS AB The effect of increasing numbers of women in the U.S. Navy, particularly those aboard Navy ships, on infectious disease risk is unknown. This study examines gender and other demographic differences among all U.S. Navy enlisted personnel in first hospitalizations for infectious diseases from 1980 through 1989 and identifies trends in incidence rates during the extended period from 1980 to 1995. All data were obtained from official personnel and medical records. First hospitalization rates were computed using the Epidemiological Interactive System. Varicella and other viruses and chlamydiae accounted for more than 20,000 hospitalizations among Navy enlisted personnel in the 1980s. In 7 of the 12 categories of common infectious diseases, women's rates were higher than those for men, particularly for viral meningitis, herpes simplex, syphilis, gonococcal disease, and candidiasis. An excess of certain common infectious diseases among women and nonwhite ethnic groups emphasizes the need for continuing education and surveillance in these populations. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gunderson, EKE (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 544 EP 549 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DC UT WOS:000181419100018 PM 11413735 ER PT J AU Thomas, PJ Garland, FC AF Thomas, PJ Garland, FC TI Contraceptive use and attitudes toward family planning in Navy enlisted women and men SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Little is known about the contraceptive behavior and beliefs of Navy personnel. Nevertheless, the Navy, in its role as primary medical provider for its personnel, needs to know whether sailors have access to effective birth control and are sufficiently informed about contraception to make wise choices. As part of the Women Aboard Navy Ships Comprehensive Health and Readiness Project conducted at the Naval Health Research Center in San Diego, California, contraceptive use and attitudes toward family planning were assessed through a survey administered to 714 enlisted women and 665 enlisted men on 15 ships. Contraceptive use was not related to gender, age, marital status, pay grade, race, or education. More favorable family planning attitudes were related to contraceptive use. Women and men differed in their attitudes toward family planning, with women's responses more positive than men's. The results highlight the need for research focusing on the effect of attitudes on contraceptive behavior. C1 Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Psychol, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. USN, Ctr Personnel Res & Dev, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Thomas, PJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Psychol, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 550 EP 556 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DC UT WOS:000181419100019 ER PT J AU Poddar, SK Le, CT AF Poddar, SK Le, CT TI Bordetella pertussis detection by spectrofluorometry using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a molecular beacon probe SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE B. pertussis; fluorescein; DABCYL; quencher; spectrofluorometry; PCR ID CLINICAL SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; PARAPERTUSSIS; CULTURE; ASSAY; AMPLIFICATION; INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRUS; SEQUENCE AB Bordetella pertussis was detected by spectrofluorometry following PCR incorporating a molecular beacon probe in the reaction. A DNA fragment from the tandem repeat sequence region (IS481) of the genome of B. pertussis was amplified in presence of the probe complementary to an internal segment of the amplified DNA fragment. Fluorescein (FAM) and DABCYL were used as the fluorophore and quencher in the probe. The probe was characterized for its signal to noise ratio by homogeneous solution hybridization with a complementary oligonucleotide. Measurement of fluorescent signal at the emission maxima of FAM, immediately after a PCR was used to detect the B. pertussis target, with no additional steps. Presence of B. pertussis in a sample was also examined by agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR product, h serial diluted stock of B. pertussis (ATCC strain #9797) and fourteen clinical isolates of B. pertussis were examined. The sensitivity of detection by fluorescent measurement was found to be at least in the range of 0.01-0.1 CFU per 10 mul of the sample and was equal to or better than that detected by agarose gel analysis. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dod Ctr Depolyment Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Poddar, SK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dod Ctr Depolyment Hlth Res Ctr, Bldg 335,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD JUN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1006/mcpr.2001.0357 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 445LD UT WOS:000169458200005 PM 11352597 ER PT J AU Shlesinger, MF AF Shlesinger, MF TI Physics in the noise SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shlesinger, MF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN PY 2001 VL 411 IS 6838 BP 641 EP 641 DI 10.1038/35079702 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 439JC UT WOS:000169112500021 PM 11395745 ER PT J AU White, CT Todorov, TN AF White, CT Todorov, TN TI Quantum electronics - Nanotubes go ballistic SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CARBON NANOTUBES; CONDUCTORS C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP White, CT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 17 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN PY 2001 VL 411 IS 6838 BP 649 EP 651 DI 10.1038/35079720 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 439JC UT WOS:000169112500026 PM 11395751 ER PT J AU Sargent, DP AF Sargent, DP TI President Sargent challenges the society to meet the impact of a changing environment SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 113 IS 3 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627HE UT WOS:000179927100001 ER PT J AU Bales, SL AF Bales, SL TI Technology insertion in today's Fleet/Force SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Declining U.S. defense budgets, global proliferation of technology, and the emergence of an uncertain, if not asymmetric, threat environment have led the Office of Naval Research (ONR) to redefine its mission and processes. As the steward for Naval Research since 1946, ONR has traditionally produced scientific breakthrougbs and technology options that enable the superior capabilities of the Navy after Next. Since 1992, several steps have been taken to also align ONR with today's and tomorrow's Navy and Marine Corps requirements. This paper will highlight the outreach and reach-back program that provides the mechanism for Naval Research to more fully support today's forces. C1 USN, Naval Fleet Force Technol Innovat Off, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Bales, SL (reprint author), USN, Naval Fleet Force Technol Innovat Off, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 113 IS 3 BP 131 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00071.x PG 22 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627HE UT WOS:000179927100003 ER PT J AU Mastroianni, LS Sonnefeld, MD AF Mastroianni, LS Sonnefeld, MD TI Tech solutions - Powered by Naval Research SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Office of Naval Research is currently developing a web-based tool that will allow Sailors and Marines to seek science and technology (S&T) solutions to pressing naval needs. The Naval Fleet/Force Technology Innovation Office (NFFTIO) currently provides this capability by placing Naval Research Science Advisors (NRSAs) at various Navy and Marine Corps commands throughout the world and by facilitating access to the Department of the Navy (DoN) S&T community. However, the current process does not connect today's tech-savvy Sailors and Marines to the DoN S&T community as well as it could. The development of this web site, and the subsequent process to develop the solutions, will allow for an easily accessible method for identifying problems, communicating the pertinent aspects of those problems to the DoN S&T community, identifying common problems across Fleet/Force commands, and developing and exploring potential solutions. The various aspects of the process include the validation of the needs with the Fleet/Force commanders, solicitation of potential solutions from the DoN S&T community, development and selection of a project to provide a solution, and demonstrating the solution with the requesting Fleet/Force command. Every effort will be made to coordinate with appropriate acquisition commands to ensure that successful solution demonstrations are transitioned to the entire Fleet/Force. A pilot study is being conducted at several commands throughout the Fleet/Force to develop and refine this web site and the underlying processes. This paper will describe the challenges of this initiative, the web-enabled process, and the progress of the pilot. C1 USN, Naval Sea Syst Command, Indian Head Div, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Mastroianni, LS (reprint author), USN, Naval Fleet Force Technol Innovat Off, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 113 IS 3 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00072.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627HE UT WOS:000179927100004 ER PT J AU Baumann, GW Dean, MS AF Baumann, GW Dean, MS TI Salvaging of USSLa Moure County (LST 1194) in Cinfuncho Bay, Chile SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB On September 12, 2000 USS La Moure County (LST 1194) ran aground in Cifuncho Bay, Chile during a joint USMC amphibious assault exercise. While transiting to the intended anchorage site in the early morning hours, the ship struck an outcropping of rocks and was unable to free herself. Hard aground and in the surf zone, the ship pounded further onto the rocks and into a perilous situation. Fortunately for the crew, a Chilean ATF was in the vicinity and quickly pulled the vessel free and into a safe haven. The damage that resulted from the initial impact and the subsequent pounding in the surf while aground was extremely serious. Numerous holes, dents, tears, and areas of severe structural damage were scattered from the bow to amidships. Further aft, both propeller hubs each lost a blade while both rudders incurred impact damage with one completely inoperable. Flooding was rampant and affected 29 tanks and spaces. Thousands of gallons of diesel fuel spilled and polluted the waters of Cifuncbo Bay. However, the worst and most serious damage was a 40-foot bole amidships which spanned from bilge radius to bilge radius and encompassed shell plating, all structural members, and numerous piping systems. With the bull in a critical bogging condition, the 4(TH) deck was now the bottom most longitudinal strength structure amidsbips. USS La Moure County was definitely in need of immediate salvage assistance. This paper summarizes the damage control and salvage efforts that took place after the ship was pulled from the rocks. It addresses some of the immediate damage control measures effected by ships force, the cooperative salvage actions of the U.S. Fleet, the Naval Sea Systems Command Headquarters, and the Chilean Navy, and the joint Navy/contractor repair and oil pollution abatement efforts. Additionally, it addresses the logistic difficulties encountered in mobilizing and demobilizing personnel and equipment in the remote area off the Chilean coastline. Lastly, it discusses the requirements necessary to support a large-scale salvage crisis in a distant portion of the world, such as the USS La Moure County grounding in Cifuncbo Bay, Chile. C1 USN, Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. RP Baumann, GW (reprint author), USN, Naval Sea Syst Command, Washington, DC 20376 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 113 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00073.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627HE UT WOS:000179927100005 ER PT J AU Washburn, A AF Washburn, A TI A new kind of fictitious play SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE game; fictitious play AB 0Gass, Zafra, and Qiu (1996) introduce a modified version of fictitious play for matrix games where only the more successful player's strategy is retained. This paper introduces additional modifications that appear to converge faster. (C) 2001 John Wiley B Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Washburn, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 4 BP 270 EP 280 DI 10.1002/nav.7 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 422VK UT WOS:000168139800002 ER PT J AU Pancrazio, JJ Keefer, EW Ma, W Stenger, DA Gross, GW AF Pancrazio, JJ Keefer, EW Ma, W Stenger, DA Gross, GW TI Neurophysiologic effects of chemical agent hydrolysis products on cortical neurons in vitro SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortical neurons; extracellular recording; hydrolysis; patch clamp; sarin; soman; multielectrode array ID HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; GANGLION NEURONS; NETWORKS; CULTURE; RAT; PATTERNS; TOXICITY; RELEASE; LEVEL; SOMAN AB The neurophysiologic effects of chemical agent hydrolysis products were examined on cultured cortical neurons using multielectrode array (MEA) recording and the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Measurements of neuronal network extracellular potentials showed that the primary hydrolysis product of soman, pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid (PMPA), inhibited network mean burst and spike rates with an EC50 of approximately 2 mM. In contrast, the degradation product of sarin, isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA), and the final common hydrolysis product of both soman and sarin, methylphosphonic acid (MPA), failed to affect neuronal network behavior at concentrations reaching 5 mM. Closer examination of the effects of PMPA (2 mM) on discriminated extracellular units revealed that mean spike amplitude was slightly diminished to 95 +/- 1% (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6, P < 0.01) of control. Whole-cell patch clamp records under current clamp mode also showed a PMPA-induced depression of the firing rate of spontaneous action potentials (APs) to 36 +/- 6% (n = 5. P < 0.001) of control. In addition, a minor depression with exposure to PMPA was observed in spontaneous and evoked AP amplitude to 93 +/- 3% (n = 5, P < 0.05) of control with no change in either the baseline membrane potential or input resistance. Preliminary voltage clamp recordings indicated a reduction in the occurrence of spontaneous inward currents with application of PMPA. These findings suggest that PMPA, unlike MPA or IMPA, may more readily interfere with one or more aspects of excitatory synaptic transmission. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that the combination of extracellular microelectrode array and patch clamp recording techniques facilitates analysis of compounds with neuropharmacologic effects. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Network Neurosci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015; OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690; Keefer, Edward/0000-0002-0470-9186 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JUN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00028-6 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 448YC UT WOS:000169656700009 PM 11456340 ER PT J AU Webb, NJ AF Webb, NJ TI Global civil society, dimensions of the nonprofit sector SO NONPROFIT AND VOLUNTARY SECTOR QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Webb, NJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Def Resources Management Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0899-7640 J9 NONPROF VOLUNT SEC Q JI Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Q. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 431EX UT WOS:000168619800015 ER PT J AU Krantzman, KD Postawa, Z Garrison, BJ Winograd, N Stuart, SJ Harrison, JA AF Krantzman, KD Postawa, Z Garrison, BJ Winograd, N Stuart, SJ Harrison, JA TI Understanding collision cascades in molecular solids SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL STATE COLL, PA DE molecular dynamics calculations - atomic and molecular physics; secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); molecular solids; molecular collisions ID DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BENZENE; FILMS; HYDROCARBONS; BOMBARDMENT; IMPACTS; ENERGY AB This paper describes simulations of the sputtering of a molecular solid that uses a reactive potential with both covalent bonding and van der Waals interactions. Recently, the adaptive intermolecular REBO (AIREBO) potential has been developed, which incorporates intermolecular interactions in a manner that maintains the reactivity of the original reactive empirical bond-order (REBO) potential. Preliminary simulations of the keV bombardment of a molecular solid have been performed using the AIREBO potential. Molecules that are initially struck by the bombarding particle break into fragments. The fragments initiate molecular collision cascades leading to the ejection of intact molecules and molecular fragments from the surface. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Coll Charleston, Dept Chem & Biochem, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, Davey Lab 152, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Krantzman, KD (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Chem & Biochem, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. EM krantzmank@cofc.edu RI Stuart, Steven/H-1111-2012; OI Winograd, Nicholas/0000-0002-2690-7714 NR 15 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2001 VL 180 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00411-6 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 451MR UT WOS:000169806300025 ER PT J AU Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C AF Zhou, SB Chen, LG Sun, FR Wu, C TI Cooling load density analysis and optimization for an endoreversible air refrigerator SO OPEN SYSTEMS & INFORMATION DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM POWER-DENSITY; ENGINE AB The performance analysis and optimization of all endoreversible air refrigerator is carried out by taking the cooling load density, which is defined as the ratio of cooling load to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, as the optimization objective in this paper. The results obtained are different from those with the cooling load objective. Numerical examples show the effects of pressure ratio and allocation of heat exchanger inventory oil the cooling load density of the refrigerator. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1230-1612 J9 OPEN SYST INF DYN JI Open Syst. Inf. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 WC Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Physics; Mathematics GA 529UZ UT WOS:000174319600005 ER PT J AU Diener, J Kovalev, D Heckler, H Polisski, G Kunzner, N Koch, F Efros, AL Rosen, M AF Diener, J Kovalev, D Heckler, H Polisski, G Kunzner, N Koch, F Efros, AL Rosen, M TI Strong low-temperature anti-Stokes photoluminescence from coupled silicon nanocrystals SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Conference of the E-MRS/IUMRS/ICEM CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP E MRS, IUMRS, ICEM DE porous silicon; photoluminescence ID ENERGY UP-CONVERSION AB We report efficient low-temperature anti-Stokes photoluminescence (upconverted photoluminescence= UPL) at resonant excitation of coupled silicon nanocrystals (NCs) in porous silicon (PSi). This photoluminescence is absent in strongly oxidized porous silicon and oxidized silicon nanocrystals. The UPL is a result of resonant excitation of electron-hole (e-h) pairs spatially separated in neighboring crystals with different band-gap. II is generated by the excitation of a second e-h pair in the larger of the two crystals and Anger ejection of a carrier into the smaller one, with the larger band-gap. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E16, D-85747 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Diener, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E16, D-85747 Garching, Germany. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JUN-JUL PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0925-3467(01)00036-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 451ET UT WOS:000169788700031 ER PT J AU Yang, MJ Meyer, JR Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Barvosa-Carter, W Whitman, LJ Bartolo, RE Stokes, DW Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Yang, MJ Meyer, JR Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Barvosa-Carter, W Whitman, LJ Bartolo, RE Stokes, DW Lee, H Martinelli, RU TI Type-II antimonide quantum wells for mid-infrared lasers SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Conference of the E-MRS/IUMRS/ICEM CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP E MRS, IUMRS, ICEM DE MBE; infrared lasers; antimonide quantum wells ID CASCADE LASERS; DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; EFFICIENCY; POWER AB This paper discusses some of the key MBE growth issues for type-II Sb-based lasers; and present a summary of our recent progress towards the realization of high-power, high-beam-quality, mid-infrared (IR) lasers based on the "W" configuration of the active region. An optical pumping injection cavity (OPIC) approach has been adopted to improve the external power conversion efficiency. In addition, the first mid-IR angled-grating distributed feedback (cr-DFB) lasers producing near-diffraction-limited output is discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. HRL Labs, Malibu, CA 90256 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Yang, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD JUN-JUL PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0925-3467(01)00043-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 451ET UT WOS:000169788700040 ER PT J AU Park, YS AF Park, YS TI Wide bandgap III-Nitride semiconductors: opportunities for future optoelectronics SO OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Solid State Crystals 2000 (ICSSC 2000) CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Military Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, Polish Soc Crystal Growth, SPIE, State Comm Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Phys, Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys DE III-Nitride; optoelectronics; blue; green; white LED; laser diode; ultraviolet; photodetector ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; I-N PHOTODIODES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GAN FILMS; EPITAXIAL LAYERS; LASER-DIODES; THIN-FILMS; SAPPHIRE AB The world at the end of the 20(th) century has become "blue". Indeed, this past decade has witnessed a "blue rush" towards the development of violet-blue-green light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) based on oxide bandgap III-Nitride semiconductors. And the hard work has culminated with. first, the demonstration of commercial high brightness blue and green LEDs and of commercial violet LDs, at the very end of this decade. Thanks to their extraordinary properties, these semiconductor materials halle generated a plethora of activity in semiconductor science and technology. Novel approaches are explored daily to improve the current optoelectronics state-of-the-art. Such improvements will extend the usage and the efficiency of new light sources (e.g. white LEDs), support the rising information technology age (e.g. high density optical data storage), and enhance the environmental awareness capabilities of humans (ultraviolet and visible photon detectors and sensors). Such opportunities and many others will be reviewed in this presentation. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM parky@onr.navy.mil NR 54 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1230-3402 EI 1896-3757 J9 OPTO-ELECTRON REV JI Opto-Electron. Rev. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 445NY UT WOS:000169465200004 ER PT J AU Varma, SK Chan, A Mahapatra, RN AF Varma, SK Chan, A Mahapatra, RN TI Static and cyclic oxidation of Ti-44Al and Ti-44Al-xNb alloys SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE cyclic oxidation; static oxidation; titanium aluminides; weight gain method; TEM; SEM; alumina; optical microscopy; EDX analysis ID GAMMA-TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; TI-AL; BEHAVIOR; 900-DEGREES-C; TI-22AL-25NB; NITROGEN; AIR AB Binary Ti-44Al, and ternary, Ti-44Al-xNb (x = 4, 8, and 11) alloys were subjected to static and cyclic oxidation in air up to a period of 1 week at 850 and 950 degreesC, The oxidation behavior is characterized by plotting a graph between,weight gain us a function of time or number of cycles. The binary alloy undergoes tire most severe oxidation while Nb provides resistance to oxidation, which increases with an increase in concentration. Oxides were examined by SEM and EDX was used to perform chemical analysis. Alternate oxide layers rich in alumina and titania were found along with an aluminum-depleted zone underneath the oxide scale. Different microstructures were observed for the alloys subjected to static- and cyclic-heating modes. Defects like twins and stacking faults were generated after a static mode of heating, while transformation products at the grain boundaries dominate the microstructures for samples subjected to cyclic heating. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Varma, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Met & Mat Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X EI 1573-4889 J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 55 IS 5-6 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1023/A:1010351613733 PG 13 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 428CX UT WOS:000168444500002 ER PT J AU Garber, W Tangerman, FM Allen, PB Feldman, JL AF Garber, W Tangerman, FM Allen, PB Feldman, JL TI Numerical study of the localization-delocalization transition for vibrations in amorphous silicon SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANDERSON TRANSITION; STRONG-SCATTERING; SI; PHONONS AB Numerical studies of amorphous Si in harmonic approximation show that the highest 3.5% of vibrational normal modes are localized. As the vibrational frequency increases through the boundary separating localized from delocalized modes, near omega (c)=70 meV (the 'mobility edge') there is a localization-delocalization transition, similar to a second-order thermodynamic phase transition. By a numerical study on a system with 4096 atoms, we are able to see exponential decay lengths of exact vibrational eigenstates and to test whether or not these diverge at omega (c). Results are consistent with a localization length xi which diverges above omega (c) as (omega - omega (c))(-p) where the exponent is p approximate to 1.3 +/- 0.5. Below the mobility edge we find no evidence for a diverging correlation length. Such an asymmetry would contradict scaling ideas, and we suppose it is a finite-size artefact. If the scaling regime is narrower than our (approximately 1 meV) resolution, then it cannot be seen directly on our finite system. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Allen, PB (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Allen, Philip/A-4366-2008 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 81 IS 6 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1080/09500830110041666 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 437FJ UT WOS:000168980100008 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Reexamination of Gibbs' theorem and nonuniqueness of canonical ensemble theory SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUPAP International Conference on New Trends in the Fractal Aspects of Complex Systems CY OCT 16-20, 2000 CL FED UNIV ALAGOAS, MACEIO AL, BRAZIL SP IUPAP HO FED UNIV ALAGOAS DE Gibbs' theorem; power-law distribution AB Gibbs' theorem valid fur systems with the extensive entropy is generalized for systems possessing nonextensive entropies, and macroscopic thermodynamics of equilibrium is established fur systems obeying the power-law distributions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Funabashi, Chiba 2748501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Funabashi, Chiba 2748501, Japan. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 295 IS 1-2 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00071-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 443YX UT WOS:000169372100029 ER PT J AU Mishin, Y Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Voter, AF Kress, JD AF Mishin, Y Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Voter, AF Kress, JD TI Structural stability and lattice defects in copper: Ab initio, tight-binding, and embedded-atom calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PLANE-WAVE-BASIS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; FCC METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION-METALS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; EXTENDED DEFECTS; BCC STRUCTURE AB We evaluate the ability of the embedded-atom method (EAM) potentials and the tight-binding (TB) method to predict reliably energies and stability of nonequilibrium structures by taking Cu as a model material. Two EAM potentials are used here. One is constructed in this work by using more fitting parameters than usual and including ab initio energies in the fitting database. The other potential was constructed previously using a traditional scheme. Excellent agreement is observed between ab initio, TB, and EAM results for the energies and stability of several nonequilibrium structures of Cu, as well as for energies along deformation paths between different structures. We conclude that not only TB calculations but also EAM potentials can be suitable for simulations in which correct energies and stability of different atomic configurations are essential, at least for Cu. The bcc, simple cubic, and diamond structures of Cu were identified as elastically unstable, while some other structures (e.g., hcp and 9R) are metastable. As an application of this analysis, nonequilibrium structures of epitaxial Cu films on (001)-oriented fcc or bcc substrates are evaluated using a simple model and atomistic simulations with an EAM potential. In agreement with experimental data, the structure of the film can be either deformed fee or deformed hcp. The bcc structure cannot be stabilized by epitaxial constraints. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016; OI Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 87 TC 930 Z9 960 U1 16 U2 161 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 22 AR 224106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.224106 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 442KD UT WOS:000169283000022 ER PT J AU Boccaletti, S Pecora, LM Pelaez, A AF Boccaletti, S Pecora, LM Pelaez, A TI Unifying framework for synchronization of coupled dynamical systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION; CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; LAG SYNCHRONIZATION; OSCILLATORS; TRANSITION; CELLS AB A definition of synchronization of coupled dynamical systems is provided. We discuss how such a definition allows one to identify a unifying framework for synchronization of dynamical systems, and show how to encompass some of the different phenomena described so far in the context of synchronization of chaotic systems. C1 Univ Navarra, Dept Appl Math & Phys, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. Ist Nazl Ott Applicata, I-50125 Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boccaletti, S (reprint author), Univ Navarra, Dept Appl Math & Phys, Irunlarrea S-N, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. NR 31 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2001 VL 63 IS 6 AR 066219 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.066219 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 442KU UT WOS:000169285300063 PM 11415218 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G AF Dahlburg, RB Einaudi, G TI Three-dimensional secondary instability in plane current-vortex sheets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVE TEARING INSTABILITY; EQUILIBRIUM SHEAR-FLOW; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; COMPRESSIBLE MEDIUM; NEUTRAL SHEET; SOLAR SURGES; EVOLUTION; TRANSITION AB It is shown that three-dimensional ideal instabilities can occur for the plane current-vortex sheet in the magnetically dominated regime. For the parameters under consideration, increasing the mean flow strength leads to decreased secondary instability growth rates. A calculation is presented which tracks the evolution of the secondary instability into the fully nonlinear regime, in which it is found that spanwise modes are dominant. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez A, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2700 EP 2706 DI 10.1063/1.1364511 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 435DU UT WOS:000168862800015 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN del Rio, JA AF Kostoff, RN del Rio, JA TI The impact of physics research SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RI del Rio Portilla, Jesus Antonio/C-2125-2009 OI del Rio Portilla, Jesus Antonio/0000-0001-6180-0608 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JUN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 6 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 440HN UT WOS:000169170000034 ER PT J AU Tuzzolino, AJ McKibben, RB Simpson, JA BenZvi, S Voss, HD Gursky, H AF Tuzzolino, AJ McKibben, RB Simpson, JA BenZvi, S Voss, HD Gursky, H TI The Space Dust (SPADUS) instrument aboard the earth-orbiting ARGOS spacecraft: I - instrument description SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COSMIC DUST; MASS; DETECTORS; PARTICLES; VELOCITY AB The Space Dust (SPADUS) instrument is being carried aboard the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). ARGOS was launched into a circular, sun-synchronous polar orbit at similar to 850 km altitude on February 23, 1999 on the Air Force ARGOS P91-1 Mission. The instrument provides time-resolved measurements of dust particle flux, mass distribution, and trajectories, as well as high time resolution measurements of energetic charged particles from the SPADUS Ancillary Diagnostic Sensor (ADS) subsystem, during the nominal three-year ARGOS mission. SPADUS uses Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) dust sensors developed at the University of Chicago. PVDF sensors have been used earlier on the Vega-1 and Vega-2 missions to Halley's Comet, and are currently being carried on experiments aboard the Cassini spacecraft to Saturn, as well as the Stardust spacecraft to Comet WILD-2. The SPADUS PVDF sensors have a total area of 576 cm(2), and the SPADUS velocity/trajectory system permits distinction between orbital debris and cosmic (natural) dust, as well as a determination of the orbital elements for some of the impacting particles. The SPADUS instrument measures particle mass over the mass range similar to5 X 10(-11) g (3 3 mum diameter) to similar to1 x 10(-5) g (200 mum diameter), and also measures integral flux for particles of mass > similar to 1 x 10(-5) g. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Taylor Univ, Upland, IN 46989 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tuzzolino, AJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, 933 E 56th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 7 BP 689 EP 703 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(01)00012-5 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 441CT UT WOS:000169214000003 ER PT J AU Tuzzolino, AJ McKibben, RB Simpson, JA BenZvi, S Voss, HD Gursky, H AF Tuzzolino, AJ McKibben, RB Simpson, JA BenZvi, S Voss, HD Gursky, H TI The Space Dust (SPADUS) instrument aboard the Earth-orbiting ARGOS spacecraft: II- results from the first 16 months of flight SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DETECTORS AB In a companion paper (Tuzzolino et al., Planet. Space Sci., 2001, to appear) hereafter called Part I, we present a detailed description of the Space Dust (SPADUS) instrument being carried aboard the Earth-orbiting Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). In this paper, we focus on examples of the flight data obtained by SPADUS during the first 16 months of the ARGOS mission. We present results obtained from the SPADUS polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) dust trajectory system, which measures dust particle flux, mass distribution, velocity and trajectory, as well as results obtained from the SPADUS Ancillary Diagnostic Sensor (ADS) subsystem, which measures energetic charged particles. Included are both raw data and reduced data for the time period from ARGOS launch (February 23, 1999) to June 8, 2000. The PVDF dust trajectory system detected a total of 258 dust impacts over this interval of approximately 470 days. Of these, 24 were D1-D2 type events-where particles impacted and penetrated a D1 sensor, then impacted a D2 rear array sensor-allowing for time-of-flight measurements. Of the 24 D1-D2 impacts on SPADUS, we identified 11 orbital debris particles, 7 interplanetary impacters, and 6 ambiguous impacts. Examples of particle orbits for both debris particles and interplanetary particles are detailed, and the results obtained for orbital debris flux and mass distribution are compared with predictions from an orbital debris model. We also describe transient particle streams detected by the SPADUS trajectory system resulting from the passage of ARGOS through streams of debris particles in Earth orbit. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Taylor Univ, Upland, IN 46989 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tuzzolino, AJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, 933 E 56th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 49 IS 7 BP 705 EP 729 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(01)00013-7 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 441CT UT WOS:000169214000004 ER PT J AU Goodman, C Lazarus, AA Martin, GJ AF Goodman, C Lazarus, AA Martin, GJ TI Manifestations of tick-borne illness - Incidence and variety are increasing worldwide SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; CHILDREN; ADULTS; BITES AB Tick-borne illnesses have become more common and widespread in the United States because of such diverse factors as climate change, increased deer populations, suburban development, and participation in outdoor recreation. In addition to Lyme disease, such vector-borne illnesses as ehrlichioses and rickettsioses also have emerged as important clinical considerations. In this article, Drs Goodman, Lazarus, and Martin review several tick-related illnesses to provide a framework for the evaluation and treatment of tick bites and associated diseases during this year's tick season. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Internal Med Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 109 IS 6 BP 43 EP + PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 441XL UT WOS:000169254800007 PM 11424346 ER PT J AU LaPuma, PT Fox, JM Kimmel, EC AF LaPuma, PT Fox, JM Kimmel, EC TI Chromate concentration bias in primer paint particles SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chromate; chromium; paint; primer; particle; occupational exposure; impactor; air regulation; OSHA ID CHROMIUM; WORKERS; DEPOSITION; HEXAVALENT; MORTALITY; CANCER; LUNG AB Chromate-containing primer paints are used to prevent corrosion on metal surfaces. Chromate contains hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), a human carcinogen. The objective of this research was to determine if there is a bias in the fraction of chromate found in various particle sizes generated during primer painting operations. A solvent-based, aviation primer paint was sprayed using a high-volume, low-pressure spray gun. Paint particles were collected and separated by size with seven-stage cascade impactors. It was determined that particles with a mass aerodynamic diameter <2.0 mum contained significantly less Cr6+ per dry weight of paint than particles >2.0 mum (P < 0.001). The median concentration of Cr6+ in particles <2.0 mum is 18 mu g of Cr/mg of dry paint and the median concentration for particles >2.0 mum is 70 mug of Cr/mg of dry paint. The mixed paint contains 18.75% strontium chromate, which equates to a ratio of 67 mug of Cr/mg of dry paint. Particles >2.0 mum are more likely to impact in the upper tracheobronchial regions of the lung where mucociliary clearance is relatively rapid. Additionally, chromate emissions from spraying operations may be overestimated because larger particles, which are more easily trapped on an air filter, contain more chromate than the smaller particles, which are more likely to bypass an air filter. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Assessme, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP LaPuma, PT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1006/rtph.2001.1471 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 445PX UT WOS:000169467400007 PM 11407936 ER PT J AU Seely, J Back, C Deslattes, R Hudson, L Holland, G Bell, P Miller, M AF Seely, J Back, C Deslattes, R Hudson, L Holland, G Bell, P Miller, M TI Hard x-ray spectrometers for the national ignition facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB A National Ignition Facility (NIF) core diagnostic instrument has been designed and will be fabricated to record x-ray spectra in the 1.1-20.1 keV energy range. The High-Energy Electronic X-Ray (HENEX) instrument has four reflection crystals with overlapping coverage of 1.1-10.9 keV and one transmission crystal covering 8.6-20.1 keV. The spectral resolving power varies from approximately 2000 at low energies to 300 at 20 keV. The spectrum produced by each crystal is recorded by a modified commercial dental x-ray charge coupled device detector with a dynamic range of at least 2500. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 2562 EP 2565 DI 10.1063/1.1370557 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 435EJ UT WOS:000168864200007 ER PT J AU Bucaro, JA Lagakos, N AF Bucaro, JA Lagakos, N TI Lightweight fiber optic microphones and accelerometers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We have designed, fabricated, and tested two lightweight fiber optic sensors for the dynamic measurement of acoustic pressure and acceleration. These sensors, one a microphone and the other an accelerometer, are required for active blanket sound control technology under development in our laboratory. The sensors were designed to perform to certain specifications dictated by our active sound control application and to do so without exhibiting sensitivity to the high electrical voltages expected to be present. Furthermore, the devices had to be small (volumes less than 1.5 cm(3)) and light (less than 2 g). To achieve these design criteria, we modified and extended fiber optic reflection microphone and fiber microbend displacement device designs reported in the literature. After fabrication, the performances of each sensor type were determined from measurements made in a dynamic pressure calibrator and on a shaker table. The fiber optic microbend accelerometer, which weighs less than 1.8 g, was found to meet all performance goals including 1% linearity, 90 dB dynamic range, and a minimum detectable acceleration of 0.2 mg/root Hz. The fiber optic microphone, which weighs less than 1.3 g, also met all goals including 1% linearity, 85 dB dynamic range, and a minimum detectable acoustic pressure level of 0.016 Pa/root Hz. In addition to our specific use in active sound control, these sensors appear to have application in a variety of other areas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jbucaro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 7 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 2816 EP 2821 DI 10.1063/1.1372172 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 435EJ UT WOS:000168864200047 ER PT J AU West, GR Lillycrop, WJ Pope, B AF West, GR Lillycrop, WJ Pope, B TI Utilizing airborne lidar bathymetry technology for REA SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corp Engineers, Washington, DC USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 6 BP 10 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 445ZG UT WOS:000169488000002 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Lu, Q AF Collins, GE Lu, Q TI Radionuclide and metal ion detection on a capillary electrophoresis microchip using LED absorbance detection SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-8) CY JUL 02-05, 2000 CL BASEL, SWITZERLAND DE microchip; arsenato III; PAR; uranium ID ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION; CATIONS; COMPLEXATION; SYSTEMS AB The sensitive and selective detection of various radionuclide, lanthanide and transition metal cations on a capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchip is demonstrated using two different metallochromic complexation ligands, 4-(2-pyridylazo) Resorcinol (PAR) and Arsenate III (AIII). In order to take advantage of the compact and portable potential of a CE microchip, LED absorbance detection was investigated on a simple cross pattern microchip with two different microchannel depths, 20 and 100 mum. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was utilized on a glass microchip to resolve up to seven different PAR-metal chelates with sub-ppm detection limits within a minute. Microchip determinations of U(VI) were performed using the colorimetric metal complexation ligand, Arsenate III, utilizing absorbance detection with a red LED light source and a photodiode array detector. A mixture of UO22+ and three interference metal ions were separated on a microchip, and the addition of EDTA to the background electrolyte (BGE) is demonstrated to be an effective means of eliminating any interference from lanthanide and transition metal ions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geoctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2001 VL 76 IS 1-3 BP 244 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00575-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 445EC UT WOS:000169444300040 ER PT J AU Boyer, CB Shafer, MAB Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Ito, SI Yniguez, DL Benas, DM Schachter, J AF Boyer, CB Shafer, MAB Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK Ito, SI Yniguez, DL Benas, DM Schachter, J TI Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV in young military men - Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral skills-building intervention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; RISK; INFECTION; URINE; PERSONNEL; ADOLESCENTS; DIAGNOSIS AB Background: Military personnel deployed to foreign countries with high endemic rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are at risk. Goal: To evaluate a cognitive-behavioral, skills-building intervention to prevent STDs in junior, enlisted, male US Marines deployed to the Western Pacific aboard ships with periodic liberty visits to foreign ports. Study Design: This study, using a quasi-experimental design, assigned 584 men to a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training (n = 288) or a cognitive-behavioral intervention (n = 296), The intervention aimed to increase prevention knowledge, reduce high-risk psychosocial (motivation) factors, and build decision-making and communication skills to reduce risky sexual behaviors and alcohol consumption. Results: Participation in the intervention was associated with increased knowledge regarding symptoms and treatment of STDs and HIV (P < 0.001), decreased alcohol use (P < 0.01), and sexual risk (P < 0.01) during liberty ports of call. Conclusion: A multiple-session, cognitive-behavioral, skills-building intervention can be successfully implemented for deployed military personnel. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Boyer, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, 3333 Calif St,Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU PHS HHS [MCJ000978, A131499-01, U01-A131499-0353] NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 6 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1097/00007435-200106000-00009 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 438QD UT WOS:000169063800009 PM 11403194 ER PT J AU Wallace, MR Nelson, JA McCutchan, JA Wolfson, T Grant, I AF Wallace, MR Nelson, JA McCutchan, JA Wolfson, T Grant, I CA HNRC Grp TI Symptomatic HIV seroconverting illness is associated with more rapid neurological impairment SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE HIV; seroconverting illness; neurocognitive impairment ID VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION; AIDS; PROGRESSION; DISEASE; RISK AB Objectives: To establish whether symptomatic seroconverting illness in HIV infected people is associated with more rapid development of neurological impairment. Methods: 166 HIV infected subjects with a known date of HIV infection enrolled in a longitudinal study of neurocognitive function were stratified by whether or not they had experienced a symptomatic serconverting illness. Results: 29 of 166 (17.5%) dated HIV seroconverters had a history of symptomatic seroconverting illness. Though baseline neurocognitive function was similar, subjects with a symptomatic seroconverting illness developed clinical neurocognitive impairment significantly more rapidly than their asymptomatic counterparts in a survival analysis model (636 v 1075 days till impaired). Conclusion: Symptomatic seroconverting illness predisposes to more rapid neurocognitive impairment. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. San Diego VA Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wallace, MR (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 45294] NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1136/sti.77.3.199 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 444WP UT WOS:000169423300011 PM 11402229 ER PT J AU Wang, G Pran, K Sagvolden, G Havsgard, GB Jensen, AE Johnson, GA Vohra, ST AF Wang, G Pran, K Sagvolden, G Havsgard, GB Jensen, AE Johnson, GA Vohra, ST TI Ship hull structure monitoring using fibre optic sensors SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European COST F3 Conference on System Identification and Structural Health Monitoring CY JUN, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP European COST F3 ID SYSTEM; INSTRUMENTATION; ARRAYS AB We discuss the need for ship hull monitoring and the roles such a system may fill during the different stages of a ship's lifetime. We have found that fibre optic sensors are well suited for this application and present the fibre Bragg grating technology that has been employed in the composite hull embedded sensor system project (CHESS). Signal processing is the key to real-time structure monitoring, and we comment on the modular signal processing system that is being developed at Fm. Finally we present the CHESS installation on a new Norwegian naval vessel and show some results obtained with this: system in systematic sea-keeping tests. The CHESS measurements on the new Norwegian fast patrol boat have been instrumental in the design verification of the vessel. C1 Norwegian Def Res Estab, Forsvarets Forskninginst, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. FiReCO AS, N-1610 Fredrikstad, Norway. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3 BP 472 EP 478 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/10/3/308 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 453FY UT WOS:000169906900009 ER PT J AU Todd, MD Johnson, GA Vohra, ST AF Todd, MD Johnson, GA Vohra, ST TI Depolyment of a fiber Bragg grating-based measurement system in a structural health monitoring application SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European COST F3 Conference on System Identification and Structural Health Monitoring CY JUN, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP European COST F3 AB The development and maturation of fiber optic sensor technology has been an increasingly important component of the structural health monitoring field. A strain sensor system has been developed to provide high-resolution, low-noise sets of useful data which can be analyzed and processed with a number of existing damage detection techniques. Recent research at the Naval Research Laboratory has also begun in combining vibration-based damage detection with statistical methods, and some preliminary results are included. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3 BP 534 EP 539 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/10/3/316 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 453FY UT WOS:000169906900017 ER PT J AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ Newton, EK AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ Newton, EK TI Limits on radiative capture gamma-ray lines and implications for energy content in flare-accelerated protons SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-FLARES; H-ALPHA; NONTHERMAL PROTONS; IMPULSIVE PHASE; ABUNDANCES; SPECTRA; EMISSION; BEAM; SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERE AB Measurements of radiative-capture gamma -ray lines can provide information on both the energy content of nonthermal protons below 1 MeV and the temperature in the region where they interact. We have derived upper limits on the fluences in three proton-capture lines of C-12 and C-13 in the flare-averaged gamma-ray spectrum from 19 X-class flares observed with the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM). The most significant limit comes from the 2.37 MeV line that is excited by 0.46 MeV protons. We estimate an upper limit on the energy content in the accelerated protons by extrapolating the power-law spectruzm derived at higher energies down to the resonant energy. The derived upper limit on the temperature, similar to 5-10x10(7) K, is higher thazn measured in the flaring region with other techniques, even for this optimistic energy content. It is possible that NASA's High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (HESSI) will be sensitive enough to detect the 2.37 MeV line if temperatures exceed similar to 2x10(7) K. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Sci Directorate, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 201 IS 1 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1023/A:1010333807867 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 456DL UT WOS:000170067800013 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Marrese, CM AF Jensen, KL Marrese, CM TI Special issue on vacuum microelectronics - Preface SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIELD C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Thermal & Propuls Engn Sect 333, Adv Propuls Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Vacuum Elect Branch, Code 6841,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 6 BP 777 EP 778 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(01)00181-2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 461VW UT WOS:000170385000001 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Lau, YY McGregor, D AF Jensen, KL Lau, YY McGregor, D TI Photon assisted field emission from a silicon emitter SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ELECTRON-EMISSION; METAL-SURFACES; ARRAYS; AMPLIFIERS; DENSITY; CHARGE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; DEVICE AB A novel method for the high-frequency modulation of a semiconductor field emitter array (FEA), as needed by compact high power microwave and millimeter wave tubes, is qualitatively analyzed. The model examines a FEA held at the threshold of emission by an applied gate potential from which current pulses are triggered by the application of a laser pulse on the backside of the semiconductor. Such an arrangement produces electron bunches ("density modulation") at GHz frequencies without suffering from the restriction in reduced emission area and small unit cell geometry imposed by the high capacitance of field emitters. The analysis proceeds by first developing an analytical model of the emission from a silicon tip using a modified WKB approach to the tunneling current, which is validated by the more exact Airy function approach to solving Schrodinger's equation. The effects of band bending are explicitly accounted for. The resulting relations are used to estimate emission from a single hyperbolic structure, and generalized to an array where a distribution in tip radii and work function is possible. Using a simple relationship between the incident photon flux and the resultant electron density at the emission site, an estimation of the tunneling current is made. Finally, a brief description of the operation and design of such a "photon-assisted field emission device" is given. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Vacuum Elect Branch, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 6 BP 831 EP 840 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(01)00055-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 461VW UT WOS:000170385000005 ER PT J AU Arfsten, DP Still, KR Ritchie, GD AF Arfsten, DP Still, KR Ritchie, GD TI A review of the effects of uranium and depleted uranium exposure on reproduction and fetal developmentt SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Conference on Theories and Practices in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP AFRL/HEST, NHRC/TD, USACEHR, Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, AF Off Sci Res, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment-Cincinnati, Agcy Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Natl Inst Occup Safety & Hlth, US FDA, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE depleted uranium and uranium; reproductive toxicology; teratogenesis; rodents; mechanisms of toxicity; review ID LONG-TERM INGESTION; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; ADULT MALE-RAT; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CYCLE ARREST; MICE; TOXICITY; LEAD; STEROIDOGENESIS AB Depleted uranium (DU) is used in armor-penetrating munitions, military vehicle armor, and aircraft, ship and missile counterweighting/ballasting, as well as in a number of other military and commercial applications. Recent combat applications of DU alloy [i.e., Persian Gulf War (PGW) and Kosovo peacekeeping objective] resulted in human acute exposure to DU dust, vapor or aerosol, as well as chronic exposure from tissue embedding of DU shrapnel fragments. DU alloy is 99.8% (238)Uranium, and emits approximately 60% of the alpha, beta, and gamma radiation found in natural uranium (4.05x10(-7) Ci/g DU alloy). DU is a heavy metal that is 160% more dense than lead and can remain within the body for many years and slowly solubilize. High levels of urinary uranium have been measured in PGW veterans 10 years after exposure to DU fragments and vapors. In rats, there is strong evidence of DU accumulation in tissues including testes, bone, kidneys, and brain. In vitro tests indicate that DU alloy may be both genotoxic and mutagenic, whereas a recent in vivo study suggests that tissue-embedded DU alloy may be carcinogenic in rats. There is limited available data for reproductive and teratological deficits from exposure to uranium per se, typically from oral, respiratory, or dermal exposure routes. Alternatively, there is no data available on the reproductive effects of DU embedded. This paper reviews published studies of reproductive toxicity in humans and animals from uranium or DU exposure, and discusses ongoing animal research to evaluate reproductive effects in male and female rats embedded with DU fragments, and possible consequences in F-1 and F-2 generations. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Detachment Toxicol, Bldg 433,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 73 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5-10 BP 180 EP 191 DI 10.1191/0748233701th111oa PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 634CB UT WOS:000180321500006 PM 12539863 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Pancrazio, JJ AF Lin, BC Ritchie, GD Rossi, J Pancrazio, JJ TI Identification of target genes responsive to JP-8 exposure in the rat central nervous system SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Conference on Theories and Practices in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP AFRL/HEST, NHRC/TD, USACEHR, Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, AF Off Sci Res, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment-Cincinnati, Agcy Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Natl Inst Occup Safety & Hlth, US FDA, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-AT); cDNA array; central nervous system; cytochrome P450IIIA1 (CYP3A1); GABA transporter 3 (GAT-3); gene expression; glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP); glutathione S-transferase Yb2 subunit (GST Yb2); jet propulsion fuel-8; neurobehavioral deficits; neurotoxicity; plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase (brain isoform 2); polyubiquitin ID JET FUEL EXPOSURE; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; NEUROBEHAVIORAL CAPACITY; INHALATION EXPOSURE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FISCHER-344 RATS; TERM EXPOSURE; SUBSTANCE-P; EXPRESSION AB Concern for the health risk associated with occupational exposure to jet fuel has emerged in the Department of Defense. Jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8) is the fuel used in most US and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) jet aircraft, and will be the predominant fuel both for military land vehicles and aircraft into the twenty-first century. JP-8 exhibits reduced volatility and lower benzene content as compared to JP-4, the predominant military aircraft fuel before 1992, possibly suggesting greater occupational exposure safety. However, the higher rates of occupational exposure through fueling and maintenance of increasingly larger numbers of aircraft/vehicles raise concerns with respect to toxicity. Clinical studies of workers experiencing long-term exposure to certain jet fuels demonstrated deficits in CNS function, including fatigue, neurobehavioral changes, psychiatric disorders, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). In the present study, cDNA nylon arrays (Atlas Rat 1.2 Array, Clontech Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA) were utilized to measure changes in gene expression in whole brain tissue of rats exposed repeatedly to JP-8, under conditions that simulated possible real-world occupational exposure (6 h/day for 91 days) to JP-8 vapor at 1000 mg/m(3). Gene expression analysis of the exposure group compared to the control group revealed a modulation of several genes, including glutathione S-transferase Yb2 subunit (GST Yb2); cytochrome P450 IIIA1 (CYP3A1); glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP); alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-AT); polyubiquitin; GABA transporter 3 (GAT-3); and plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase (brain isoform 2) (PMCA2). The implications of these vapor-induced changes in gene expression are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pancrazio, JJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5-10 BP 262 EP 269 DI 10.1191/0748233701th117oa PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 634CB UT WOS:000180321500014 PM 12539871 ER PT J AU Kimmel, EC Reboulet, JE Carpenter, RL AF Kimmel, EC Reboulet, JE Carpenter, RL TI A typical path model of tracheobronchial clearance of inhaled particles in rats SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Conference on Theories and Practices in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP AFRL/HEST, NHRC/TD, USACEHR, Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, AF Off Sci Res, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment-Cincinnati, Agcy Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Natl Inst Occup Safety & Hlth, US FDA, Natl Res Council, Natl Acad Sci DE aerosol; model; mucociliary clearance; tracheobronchial; typical path ID MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; DEPOSITION; AIRWAYS; LUNGS AB A mathematical description of particle clearance from the ciliated conducting airways (tracheobronchial region) of the lungs in rats was developed, assuming that particles on the mucus blanket behave as a fluid and adhere to principles of fluid flow described by the continuity equation. Effective particle transport velocities for given generations of airways were estimated from reported tracheal mucus velocities. Using typical rat airway geometry and estimated particle transport velocities, solutions of sets of rate equations for transport from each generation of airways were summed to estimate total particle clearance from the tracheobronchial region of the lung as a function of time. Aerosol particle size distribution (MMAD ranging from 0.1 to 4.2 mum, and sigma(g) from 1 to 2.7) and concentration data from several investigators were used to predict short-term, tracheobronchial clearance (retention) in rats up to 24 h following exposure. Comparisons between predicted and observed retention showed an average difference between model predictions, and observed fractional retention of initial lung or body burden was 4.9%, with a tendency toward underprediction of clearance of particles >3.0 mum. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kimmel, EC (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, NHRC-TD Bldg 433,2612 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5-10 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1191/0748233701th118oa PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 634CB UT WOS:000180321500016 PM 12539873 ER PT J AU Lewis, I AF Lewis, I TI Logistics and electronic commerce: An interorganizational systems perspective SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONS; COORDINATION; MARKETS AB The coordination of activities within supply chains using information technology can be described as taking place using two broad types of mechanisms, both of which use intermediaries to carry out logistics activities. These are electronic hierarchies, consisting of legally separate firms that share a close relationship within a supply chain, and electronic markets characterized by short-term linkages that result from individual transactions. A key influence of information technology on logistics is the emergence of separate but linked intermediaries for handling physical goods and the information associated with those goods. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lewis, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Grad Sch Business & Publ Policy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS, INC PI ATLANTA PA 229 PEACHTREE ST, STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4 BP 5 EP 13 PG 9 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 475FT UT WOS:000171152200002 ER PT J AU Kayar, SR Fahlman, A AF Kayar, SR Fahlman, A TI Decompression sickness risk reduced by native intestinal flora in pigs after H-2 dives SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE biochemical decompression; decompression illness; hydrogen diving; Methanobrevibacter smithii; methanogens ID HYDROGEN; RATS; SATURATION; HELIUM; MODEL AB Decompression sickness (DCS) risk following a simulated dive in H-2 was lower in pigs with a native intestinal flora that metabolized H-2. Pigs (n = 27; 19.4 +/- 0.2 kg body mass) were placed in a chamber that was pressurized to 22.2-25.5 atm (absolute; 2.2-2.5 MPa) with 84-93% H-2 for 3 h. Chamber concentrations of O-2, H-2, He, N-2, and CH4 were monitored by gas chromatography. Release of CH4 from the pigs indicated that intestinal microbes had metabolized H-2 After decompressing to 11 atm, the pigs were observed for DCS. Animals with DCS released significantly less (P < 0.05) methane (0.53 +/- 0.37 ppm CH4; n = 5) than those without DCS (1.40 +/- 0.17 ppm CH4; n = 22). The DCS risk reduction was attributed to the loss of roughly 12% of the total volume of H-2 that could be stored in the tissues of the pigs. Thus, H-2 metabolism by the native intestinal flora of pigs may protect against DCS following a simulated H-2 dive. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Kayar, SR (reprint author), NIH, Natl Ctr Res Resources, Rockledge Ctr 1, Suite 6030,6705 Rockledge Dr,MSC 7965, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SUM PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 526HA UT WOS:000174123300006 PM 11908700 ER PT J AU Lahti, PM Ferrer, JR George, C Oliete, P Julier, M Palacio, F AF Lahti, PM Ferrer, JR George, C Oliete, P Julier, M Palacio, F TI Hydrogen-bonded benzimidazole-based tert-butylnitroxides SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Molecule-Base Magnets (ICMM 2000) CY SEP 16-21, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE hydrogen bonding; exchange interaction; tert-butylnitroxides; antiferromagnetism ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; EXCHANGE; RADICALS AB the solid state magnetic properties or a series of tert-butylnitroxides are compared: benzimidazole-2-tert-butylnitroxide (BImtBN), 4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitroxide (BImPhtBN), 5(6)-chloro-BImtBN, and 5,6-dimethyl-BImtBN, (1-4, respectively). The series shows decreasing crystallographic unit cell complexity and increasing simplicity of magnetic behavior: 1-2 show magnetic behavior that has a good fit to a 2D simple planar Heisenberg: AFM model, and 3-4 show Bleaney-Bowers dimeric AFM exchange behavior. Hydrogen bonding in 3-4 appears to play a crystallographic assembly rather than an electronic exchange-role in the magnetic behavior of these systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN, Res Lab, Inst Struct Matter, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Lahti, PM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Palacio, Fernando/A-1270-2013 OI Palacio, Fernando/0000-0002-6403-7270 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD MAY 30 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 11-14 BP 1465 EP 1473 DI 10.1016/S0277-5387(01)00637-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 451LW UT WOS:000169804400057 ER PT J AU Ringeisen, BR Callahan, J Wu, PK Pique, A Spargo, B McGill, RA Bucaro, M Kim, H Bubb, DM Chrisey, DB AF Ringeisen, BR Callahan, J Wu, PK Pique, A Spargo, B McGill, RA Bucaro, M Kim, H Bubb, DM Chrisey, DB TI Novel laser-based deposition of active protein thin films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; MICROFLUIDIC NETWORKS; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; BIOSENSORS; SURFACES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; FABRICATION; GLUCOSE AB This paper reports the deposition of active protein thin films by a novel laser-based approach termed matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). We have deposited uniform 10 nm to nearly 1 mum thin films of insulin and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We performed several experiments to characterize the chemical integrity of the deposited films. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry experiments performed on MAPLE-deposited insulin films indicate that the laser-material interaction involved in this deposition technique does not modify the protein's mass. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments show that the chemical functionality and secondary structure of MAPLE-deposited HRP are nearly identical to those of the native protein. We also find that deposited HRP films retain their ability to catalyze the reduction of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), suggesting that the active site of transferred proteins is unaffected by the MAPLE process. We also produced patterns and multilayers with feature sizes from 20 to 250 mum by depositing different biomaterials through a shadow mask. Patterns of physisorbed HRP were then protected from dissolution in an aqueous environment by a semipermeable polymer overlayer that was deposited in situ using pulsed laser deposition. This polymer membrane protects the protein pattern when it is exposed to DAB solution and enables the optical observation of HRP activity for spots as small as 2000 mum(2). These results demonstrate that MAPLE is a preferred technique for depositing active biomolecules for applications ranging from microfluidic sensor devices to gene and protein recognition microarrays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Dept Phys, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 52 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 29 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 11 BP 3472 EP 3479 DI 10.1021/la0016874 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 436UY UT WOS:000168955300048 ER PT J AU Kirk, AD Blair, PJ Tadaki, DK Xu, H Harlan, DM AF Kirk, AD Blair, PJ Tadaki, DK Xu, H Harlan, DM TI The role of CD154 in organ transplant rejection and acceptance SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE CD154; T cell; B cell; immunosuppression; tolerance ID RENAL-ALLOGRAFT REJECTION; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; T-CELL ACTIVATION; INTRAHEPATIC ISLET ALLOGRAFTS; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; DONOR-SPECIFIC TRANSFUSION; HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMAN B-CELLS; CD40 LIGAND; ANTI-CD154 ANTIBODY AB CD154 plays a critical role in determining the outcome of a transplanted organ. This simple statement is amply supported by experimental evidence demonstrating that anti-CD154 antibodies are potent inhibitors of allograft rejection in many rigorous transplant models. Unfortunately; despite intensive investigation over the past ten years, the precise mechanisms by which antibodies against CD154 exert their anti-rejection effects have remained less obvious. Though originally classified with reference to B-cell function, CD154-CD40 interactions have also been shown to be important in T cell-antigen-presenting cell interactions. Accordingly; CD154 has I,een classified as a T-cell co-stimulator) molecule. However, mounting data suggest that treatment with anti-CD154 antibodies does not simply block co-stimulatory signals, but rather that the antibodies appear to induce signalling in receptor-bearing T cells. Other data suggest that anti-CD154 effects may be mediated hy endothelial cells and possibly even platelets. In fact, the current literature suggests that CD154 can either stimulate or attenuate an immune response, depending upon the model system under study. CD154 has secured a fundamental place in transplant biology and general immunology that will no doubt be the source of considerable investigation and therapeutic manipulation in the coming decade. C1 NIDDKD, NIH, USN, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch,Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), NIDDKD, NIH, USN, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch,Med Res Ctr, Bldg 10,Room 11S-219,Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 101 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 29 PY 2001 VL 356 IS 1409 BP 691 EP 702 DI 10.1098/rstb.2001.0855 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 443TT UT WOS:000169357600010 PM 11375072 ER PT J AU Bartolo, RE Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Turner, GW Manfra, MJ AF Bartolo, RE Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Turner, GW Manfra, MJ TI Virtual mesa and spoiler midinfrared angled-grating distributed feedback lasers fabricated by ion bombardment SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID W-LASERS AB It is demonstrated that the suppression of parasitic Fabry-Perot-like lasing modes substantially enhances the beam quality and brightness of wide-stripe angled-grating distributed feedback lasers emitting in the midwave infrared. The direct facet-to-facet gain path is blocked by loss regions that are created by ion bombardment with 900 keV silicon ions. Both virtual mesa structures, in which loss regions bound both sides of the 300-mum-wide angled gain path, and spoiler structures, in which loss is induced only near the facets, decrease the etendue of the output by nearly an order of magnitude, and increase the brightness by up to a factor of 3. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Bartolo, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009; OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 22 BP 3394 EP 3396 DI 10.1063/1.1377044 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 435MJ UT WOS:000168885000006 ER PT J AU Williams, OA Whitfield, MD Jackman, RB Foord, JS Butler, JE Nebel, CE AF Williams, OA Whitfield, MD Jackman, RB Foord, JS Butler, JE Nebel, CE TI Formation of shallow acceptor states in the surface region of thin film diamond SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANISM AB Considerable interest exists in fabrication of electronic devices from thin film polycrystalline diamond. To date, doping this material to achieve good free carrier concentrations and mobilities at room temperature has proved difficult. In this letter we report low temperature Hall effect measurements made on diamond films subjected to a hydrogenation process, such that the near surface region becomes p type without the addition of conventional dopant atoms. High carrier concentrations and mobilities can be achieved. The change in carrier concentration within the temperature range 10-300 K does not change as expected for most films, actually increasing as the temperature falls. This effect could be related to the confinement of carriers at the surface caused by the dipole provoked by adsorbed hydrogen on the diamond. However, polished films display more conventional behavior in that the carrier concentration falls with falling temperature. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 UCL, London WC1E 7JE, England. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-80469 Munich, Germany. RP UCL, Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7JE, England. EM r.jackman@ee.ucl.ac.uk RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Williams, Oliver/B-2776-2009; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Williams, Oliver/0000-0002-7210-3004 NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 22 BP 3460 EP 3462 DI 10.1063/1.1345806 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 435MJ UT WOS:000168885000028 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Powers, J Cross, LE Li, JF AF Viehland, D Powers, J Cross, LE Li, JF TI Importance of random fields on the properties and ferroelectric phase stability of < 001 > oriented 0.7 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3 PbTiO3 crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB Temperature dependent dielectric constant measurements have been performed on < 001 > oriented 0.7 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3 PbTiO3 crystals. These investigations have revealed an irreversible secondary transformation between a normal ferroelectric state and a relaxor ferroelectric state with increasing temperature. The results demonstrate that the anisotropy of the high performance piezocrystal state is only metastably locked in under application of field. Clearly, local random fields play a crucial role upon the ferroelectric phase stability and properties of < 001 > oriented piezocrystals. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Phys, S Kingston, RI 02845 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 15 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 22 BP 3508 EP 3510 DI 10.1063/1.1368371 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 435MJ UT WOS:000168885000044 ER PT J AU Gammon, D Efros, AL Kennedy, TA Rosen, M Katzer, DS Park, D Brown, SW Korenev, VL Merkulov, IA AF Gammon, D Efros, AL Kennedy, TA Rosen, M Katzer, DS Park, D Brown, SW Korenev, VL Merkulov, IA TI Electron and nuclear spin interactions in the optical spectra of single GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FINE-STRUCTURE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; POLARIZATION; WELLS AB Fine and hyperfine splittings arising from electron, hole, and nuclear spin interactions in the magnetooptical spectra of individual localized excitons are studied. We explain the magnetic field dependence of the energy splitting through competition between Zeeman, exchange, and hyperfine interactions. An unexpectedly small hyperfine contribution to the splitting close to zero applied field is described well by the interplay between fluctuations of the hyperfine field experienced by the nuclear spin and nuclear dipole/dipole interactions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. AF Ioffe Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Gammon, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Korenev, Vladimir/C-1107-2014 NR 29 TC 170 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 28 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 22 BP 5176 EP 5179 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5176 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 437VE UT WOS:000169013600050 PM 11384450 ER PT J AU O'Connor, SM Stenger, DA Shaffer, KM Ma, W AF O'Connor, SM Stenger, DA Shaffer, KM Ma, W TI Survival and neurite outgrowth of rat cortical neurons in three-dimensional agarose and collagen gel matrices SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE three-dimensional culture; cell immobilization; extracellular matrix; collagen; agarose; neurons; apoptosis; tissue engineering ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NEURAL CELLS; GROWTH AB To better understand interactions between neurons and extracellular matrix equivalents, embryonic day-18 rat cortical neurons were immobilized and maintained in culture for up to 24 days in agarose and type I collagen gels. Using live/ dead staining, neuronal cultures in low density collagen gel lasted at least 3 weeks. At 14 days, over 50% of immobilized cells in collagen gel were found viable while in low density agarose gel no cells survived. In situ cell death detection showed that most, if not all, dead cells in either of the gels underwent apoptosis. The collagen-trapped neurons exhibited normal neuronal polarity and developed long neurites, estimated at over 500 mum. The results suggest that collagen, because it is a major extracellular matrix constituent, suppresses apoptosis and provides a suitable substrate for neuronal survival and differentiation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2001 VL 304 IS 3 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01769-4 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 434FG UT WOS:000168804000016 PM 11343834 ER PT J AU Schiestel, S Molnar, B Carosella, CA Knies, D Stroud, RM Edinger, K AF Schiestel, S Molnar, B Carosella, CA Knies, D Stroud, RM Edinger, K TI Patterning of GaN by ion implantation-dependent etching SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE GaN; wet etching; ion implantation; focused ion beam; maskless patterning ID TEMPERATURE AB In earlier work we demonstrated that GaN can be selectively etched in the photoresist developer AZ-400K after ion implantation. Subsequent studies of etching solutions and etching bath temperature show the same etching behavior for KOH solutions and AZ-400K. Increasing etching bath temperatures increases the initial etch rate as well the final etching depth. Additionally the etching depth depends on the implantation parameters and increases with increasing ion dose and ion energy. The final etching depth can be correlated with the depth and degree of damage, induced by ion implantation. Patterning of GaN is possible by ion implantation through a mask followed by wet etching. Maskless patterning can be achieved with a focused ion beam. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schiestel, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6373,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAY 22 PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 111 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(00)00764-9 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 431EK UT WOS:000168618700033 ER PT J AU Young, D Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, DB Dlott, DD AF Young, D Auyeung, RCY Pique, A Chrisey, DB Dlott, DD TI Time-resolved optical microscopy of a laser-based forward transfer process SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED LASERS; FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS; ABLATION TRANSFER; MEDIA AB Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write was investigated by ultrahigh speed optical microscopy. A composite barium-zirconium titanate/alpha -terpineol layer was irradiated by 355 nm laser pulses with a 150 ns pulse width, and it was observed that material removal does not begin until after the end of the pulse (t > 200 ns) and continues for 1 mus after the irradiation. The desorption plume consists of micron-size particles moving with a velocity of similar to0.2 km/s. The slow response is attributed to the combination of particle absorbers and highly viscous fluid. The ability to form continuous, pinhole-free coatings is due to slow coalescence of the particles. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Young, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dlott, Dana/0000-0001-8719-7093 NR 16 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 21 BP 3169 EP 3171 DI 10.1063/1.1372200 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 432XN UT WOS:000168721200003 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, D Zigler, A Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P Ting, A AF Kaganovich, D Zigler, A Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P Ting, A TI Velocity control and staging in laser wakefield accelerators using segmented capillary discharges SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA CHANNEL; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; PULSES; PROPAGATION AB To achieve multi-GeV electron energies in the laser wakefield accelerator, it is necessary to propagate an intense laser pulse long distances in plasma channels while maintaining a proper phase with the accelerated electrons. We have demonstrated a method that allows control of the laser group velocity in long, multistage plasma channels. The control is achieved by modifying the index of refraction through a variation of the plasma density using a segmented capillary discharge. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kaganovich, D (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; OI Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 21 BP 3175 EP 3177 DI 10.1063/1.1373407 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 432XN UT WOS:000168721200005 ER PT J AU Golshan, M Fewster, PF Andrew, NL Kidd, P Moore, M Butler, JE AF Golshan, M Fewster, PF Andrew, NL Kidd, P Moore, M Butler, JE TI Three-dimensional reciprocal-space mapping of chemical vapour deposited diamond SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Topography (XTOP2000) CY SEP 13-15, 2000 CL USTRON JASZOWIEC, POLAND SP Univ Warsaw, Inst Exptl Phys, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Polish, Polish Acad Sci, High Pressure Res Ctr, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Inst Atom Energy, Inst Electr Mat Technol, Mining & Metallurgy Acad, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Struct & Low Temp Res AB The availability of high-precision diffractometers enables one to study in detail the reciprocal space surrounding chosen Bragg reflections from small crystals. Here we have applied three-dimensional reciprocal-space mapping to study individual grains in polycrystalline chemical vapour deposited diamond grown on W and Mo substrates. Correlations between (a) the strain within grains and (b) the crystallite size and/or orientation (microtexture) have been investigated. The high angular resolution of the instrument has enabled us to isolate individual crystallites in reciprocal space. The reduction of the axial divergence reduces the size of the probe and hence partially eliminates the projection effect. C1 Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Philips Analyt Res Ctr, Redhill RH1 5HA, Surrey, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Golshan, M (reprint author), Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 10A SI SI BP A44 EP A46 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/34/10A/310 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 439CR UT WOS:000169093700011 ER PT J AU Ottinger, PF Weber, BV Hinshelwood, DD Neri, JM Stephanakis, SJ Young, FC Welch, DR Rose, DV AF Ottinger, PF Weber, BV Hinshelwood, DD Neri, JM Stephanakis, SJ Young, FC Welch, DR Rose, DV TI Neutralization of an intense proton beam during transport in vacuum SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Heavy IOn Inertial Fusion CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fusion Power Associates, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci DE transport; neutralization; interferometry; simulation ID SELF-PINCHED TRANSPORT; LOW-PRESSURE GASES; ION-BEAMS AB Neutralization of the ion beam during ballistic transport in the target chamber is an important issue for Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF). The Gamble Il generator at NRL was used to inject a 100 kA, 1 MeV, 50 ns proton beam into a vacuum (similar to 10(-4) Torr) transport region. High-sensitivity laser interferometry was used to measure the resulting electron density. Efficient beam transport is only possible for these beam parameters if electrons are extracted from the walls to provide a significant degree of charge and current neutralization. Complete neutralization could be obtained with an electron population co-moving with the ions and at the same density as the beam. The measured line-integrated electron density has the same time dependence and magnitude as the proton beam. A numerical simulation of the experimental arrangement produced results in reasonable agreement with the measurements. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Ottinger, PF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 464 IS 1-3 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00055-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444XC UT WOS:000169424500051 ER PT J AU Haber, I Friedman, A Grote, DP Lund, SM Bernal, S Kishek, RA AF Haber, I Friedman, A Grote, DP Lund, SM Bernal, S Kishek, RA TI Recent progress in heavy ion fusion simulations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Heavy IOn Inertial Fusion CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fusion Power Associates, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci DE warm plasma; collective oscillations; particle-in-cell; beam transport; space charge; simulation ID SPACE-CHARGE; BEAMS; STABILITY AB Based on the. success that simulations have enjoyed in reproducing both theory and experimental measurement, simulation methods have become increasingly accepted for studying the physics of space-charge-dominated beams. Such studies have recently demonstrated the utility of viewing the evolution of space-charge-dominated beams in terms of bounded collective warm-plasma oscillations. Viewing the plasma in this way has not only resulted in simplifying the explanation of experimental data but has also opened the possibility of utilizing th excitation of these modes to tailor space charge dominated beams for optimizing performance of heavy ion fusion drivers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Heavy Ion Fus Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Haber, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 4790,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bernal, Santiago/B-8167-2017 OI Bernal, Santiago/0000-0001-8287-6601 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 464 IS 1-3 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00059-6 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444XC UT WOS:000169424500055 ER PT J AU Kishek, RA Bernal, S O Shea, PG Reiser, M Haber, I AF Kishek, RA Bernal, S O Shea, PG Reiser, M Haber, I TI Transverse space-charge modes in non-equilibrium beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Heavy IOn Inertial Fusion CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fusion Power Associates, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci DE space-charge-dominated beams; space charge modes; equilibrium; simulations; particle-in-cell; circular accelerators; heavy ion fusion ID DISPERSION; STABILITY AB Successful operation of a Heavy Ion Fusion driver requires knowledge of how the beam responds to various perturbations from equilibrium. Recently, simulations and experiments have verified predictions that space-charge-dominated beams can carry waves, observable as modulations in the particle density and temperature. Self-consistent simulations using the particle-in-cell code WARP explore the evolution and scaling of space charge modes, both in linear and circular machines. Examples of phenomena where these collective modes play a critical role are provided. In circular focusing arrays, the modes resonate when driven by lattice errors, at frequencies which depend on the space charge intensity. Collective modes are shown to lead to emittance exchange and energy equipartitioning in an anisotropic system. Scaling relations are determined for some of these effects. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Kishek, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, Bldg 223, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Bernal, Santiago/B-8167-2017 OI Bernal, Santiago/0000-0001-8287-6601 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 464 IS 1-3 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00116-4 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444XC UT WOS:000169424500077 ER PT J AU Kehne, D Godlove, T Haldemann, P Bernal, S Guharay, S Kishek, R Li, Y O'Shea, P Reiser, M Yun, V Zou, Y Haber, I AF Kehne, D Godlove, T Haldemann, P Bernal, S Guharay, S Kishek, R Li, Y O'Shea, P Reiser, M Yun, V Zou, Y Haber, I TI Injector for the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Heavy IOn Inertial Fusion CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fusion Power Associates, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci AB The electron beam injector constructed by FM technologies for the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) program is described. The program will use an electron beam to model space-charge-dominated ion beams in a recirculating linac for heavy ion inertial fusion, as well as for high-current muon colliders. The injector consists of a 10 keV, 100 mA electron gun with 50-100 nsec pulse width and a repetition rate of 120 Hz. The e-gun system includes a 6-mask, rotatable aperture plate, a Rogowski current monitor, an ion pump, and a gate valve. The injector beamline consists of a solenoid, a five-quadrupole matching section, two diagnostic chambers, and a fast current monitor. An independent diagnostic chamber also built for UMER will be used to measure horizontal and vertical emittance, current, energy, energy spread, and the evolution of the beam envelope and profile along the injector beamline. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 FM Technol Inc, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kehne, D (reprint author), FM Technol Inc, 10529-B Braddeock Rd,Patriot Sq, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RI Bernal, Santiago/B-8167-2017 OI Bernal, Santiago/0000-0001-8287-6601 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 464 IS 1-3 BP 605 EP 609 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00149-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444XC UT WOS:000169424500095 ER PT J AU Barnard, JJ Ahle, LE Bangerter, RO Bieniosek, FM Celata, CM Faltens, A Friedman, A Grote, DP Haber, I Henestroza, E de Hoon, MJL Karpenko, VP Kishek, RA Kwan, JW Lee, EP Logan, BG Lund, SM Meier, WR Molvik, AW Sangster, TC Seidl, PA Sharp, WM AF Barnard, JJ Ahle, LE Bangerter, RO Bieniosek, FM Celata, CM Faltens, A Friedman, A Grote, DP Haber, I Henestroza, E de Hoon, MJL Karpenko, VP Kishek, RA Kwan, JW Lee, EP Logan, BG Lund, SM Meier, WR Molvik, AW Sangster, TC Seidl, PA Sharp, WM TI Planning for an integrated research experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Heavy IOn Inertial Fusion CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fusion Power Associates, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci DE fusion; heavy ion; inertial fusion; driver; accelerator; systems model AB We describe the goals and research program leading to the Heavy Ion Integrated Research Experiment (IRE). We review the basic constraints which lead to a design and give examples of parameters and capabilities of an IRE. We also show design tradeoffs generated by the systems code IBEAM. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Barnard, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-645, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI de Hoon, Michiel/A-6443-2013; de Hoon, Michiel/N-8006-2015 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 464 IS 1-3 BP 621 EP 628 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00153-X PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444XC UT WOS:000169424500098 ER PT J AU O'Shea, PG Reiser, M Kishek, RA Bernal, S Li, H Pruessner, M Yun, V Cui, Y Zhang, W Zou, Y Godlove, T Kehne, D Haldemann, P Haber, I AF O'Shea, PG Reiser, M Kishek, RA Bernal, S Li, H Pruessner, M Yun, V Cui, Y Zhang, W Zou, Y Godlove, T Kehne, D Haldemann, P Haber, I TI The University Maryland Electron Ring (UMER) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Heavy IOn Inertial Fusion CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fusion Power Associates, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci DE space-charge-dominated beams; circular accelerators; heavy ion inertial fusion AB A detailed understanding of the physics of space-charge dominated beams is vital in the design of heavy ion inertial fusion (HIF) drivers. In that regard, low-energy, high-intensity electron beam provide an excellent model system. The University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER), currently under construction, has been designed to study the physics of space-charge dominated beams with extreme intensity in a strong focusing lattice with dispersion. At 10 keV, 100 mA, the UMER beam has a generalized perveance in the range of 0.0015, corresponding to that of proposed HIF drivers. Though compact (11m in circumference), UMER is a very complex device. In this paper, the unique design features of this research facility, the beam physics to be investigated, and recent experimental results in the prototype injector as well as simulation studies will be reviewed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FM Technol, Fairfax, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP O'Shea, PG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Bernal, Santiago/B-8167-2017 OI Bernal, Santiago/0000-0001-8287-6601 NR 12 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2001 VL 464 IS 1-3 BP 646 EP 652 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00156-5 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444XC UT WOS:000169424500101 ER PT J AU Chen, B Stoughton, C Smith, JA Uomoto, A Pier, JR Yanny, B Ivezic, Z York, DG Anderson, JE Annis, J Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hindsley, R Lupton, R Munn, JA AF Chen, B Stoughton, C Smith, JA Uomoto, A Pier, JR Yanny, B Ivezic, Z York, DG Anderson, JE Annis, J Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hindsley, R Lupton, R Munn, JA CA SDSS Collaboration TI Stellar population studies with the SDSS. I. The vertical distribution of stars in the Milky Way SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : stellar content; Galaxy : structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; NORTH GALACTIC POLE; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER SYSTEM; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; THICK DISK; UBV PHOTOMETRY; MASS DENSITY; FAINT STARS; COUNT DATA AB We present star count data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey for 5.8 x 10(5) stars brighter than g' = 21 mag over 279 deg(2) in two samples north and south of the Galactic plane. Using these high-latitude (49 degrees < \b\ < 64 degrees) star counts we determine the Sun's distance from the Galactic midplane to be 27 +/- 4 pc and the scale height of the old thin disk to be 330 +/- 3 pc. Because of the photometric accuracy and large area sky coverage of these data, the color-magnitude diagram clearly reveals a significant thick-disk population distinct in color from a Galactic halo population. The position of the thick-disk turnoff is at g'-r' similar to 0.33. Several questions about the existence of the thick disk and its origin are addressed through a set of model fits to the star count data. Our best-fit model gives a thick-disk scale height between 580 and 750 pc, below the original proposal of Gilmore and Reid, and the corresponding space number density normalization is 13%-6.5% of the thin disk. The conclusions reached in this paper favor a scenario in which the thick disk formed through the heating of a preexisting thin disk, with the heating mechanism being the merging of a satellite galaxy. The density law for the Galactic halo population is also investigated. We find that the data support a flattened halo with c/a similar to 0.55 +/- 0.06 and a relatively flat power-law index (2.5 +/- 0.3). The axis ratio of the visible halo found in this paper is compatible with that of dark halo, suggesting that they have the same shape and dynamical origin. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012 NR 80 TC 209 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2001 VL 553 IS 1 BP 184 EP 197 DI 10.1086/320647 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 442JA UT WOS:000169280400016 ER PT J AU Klimchuk, JA Cargill, PJ AF Klimchuk, JA Cargill, PJ TI Spectroscopic diagnostics of nanoflare-heated loops SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation; techniques : spectroscopic ID SOLAR TRANSITION ZONE; HIGH-RESOLUTION TELESCOPE; CORONAL LOOPS; FUNDAMENTAL LIMITATIONS; INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMAS; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SPECTRA; MODEL AB To evaluate the usefulness of spectroscopic techniques for diagnosing realistic solar plasmas and to better understand the physical origin of coronal heating, we have simulated observations of model coronal loops that are heated randomly and impulsively by nanoflares. We find that the emission measures, densities, and filling factors that are inferred from spectral line intensities (EMs, n(s), and phi (s), respectively) are generally an excellent representation of the properties of the nanoflare-heated plasma. To better than 25% in most cases, EM, indicates the amount of material present in the Delta log T = 0.3 temperature interval centered on the peak of the line contribution function, n(s) indicates the average density of this material, and phi (s) indicates the fraction of the total volume that the material occupies. Measurements with lithium-like lines are much less accurate, however. We provide diagnostic values and Line intensities for many different spectral lines that can be compared directly with observations from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer and Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation instruments on SOHO and from the future Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer instrument on Solar-B. Such comparisons will provide the first ever rigorous test of the nanoflare concept, which has enormous implications for understanding the mechanism of coronal heating. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Klimchuk, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 54 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2001 VL 553 IS 1 BP 440 EP 448 DI 10.1086/320666 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 442JA UT WOS:000169280400041 ER PT J AU Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK Hohensee, M Klimchuk, JA MacNeice, PJ AF Karpen, JT Antiochos, SK Hohensee, M Klimchuk, JA MacNeice, PJ TI Are magnetic dips necessary for prominence formation? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : corona; Sun : prominences ID SOLAR PROMINENCES; CORONAL LOOPS; RECONNECTION; FIELD; DYNAMICS; ARCADES; TRACE AB The short answer: No. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM judy.karpen@nrl.navy.mil RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012; MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; Hohensee, Michael/0000-0002-8106-4502 NR 29 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2001 VL 553 IS 1 BP L85 EP L88 DI 10.1086/320497 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 442JB UT WOS:000169280500021 ER PT J AU Herman, WN Roberts, MJ AF Herman, WN Roberts, MJ TI The sense of chromophore orientation in films made by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL FILMS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; PHASE MEASUREMENT; POLYMER; MONOLAYERS C1 USN, NAWC Aircraft Div, EO Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN, NAWC Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Herman, WN (reprint author), USN, NAWC Aircraft Div, EO Sensors Branch, AIR4556,48110 Shaw Rd,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 17 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 744 EP 746 DI 10.1002/1521-4095(200105)13:10<744::AID-ADMA744>3.0.CO;2-R PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 438QA UT WOS:000169063500010 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Kust, PR Klaehn, J Deng, G Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Kust, PR Klaehn, J Deng, G Gaber, BP TI Surface-imprinted silica particles: the effects of added organosilanes on catalytic activity SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers CY JUL 03-05, 2000 CL CARDIFF, WALES SP Welsh Sch Pharmacy, Cardiff Univ, Soc Molecular Imprinting DE surface-imprinted silica particles; organosilanes; enantioselectivity; catalysis; ceramic ID POLYMERS AB Silicate surfaces were molecularly imprinted with a surfactant derivative of an alpha -chymotrypsin transition state analog (TSA) during particle formation in a water-in-oil microemulsion. The organosilanes N-(3-aminoethylaminomethyl)-phenyltrimetho-xysilane (PEDA), carboxyethylsilanetriol (CTES), and N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazole (IPTES) were added along with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to imprint the chemical functionality of the imprint molecule. Surfaces imprinted with N-alpha -decyl-D-phenylalanine-2-aminopyridine enantioselectively catalyzed the hydrolysis of benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (L-BAPNA). No hydrolysis of D-BAPNA was observed. The catalytic activity of surface-imprinted particles formed with TEOS and PEDA was significantly greater than that of surface-imprinted particles formed with TEOS and IPTES. Particles formed with added 10 mol% (total silica) of PEDA hydrolyzed DL-BAPNA at a rate equivalent to that of surface-imprinted particles formed with the mixture of 5 wt% (total silica) of PEDA, CTES, and IPTES suggesting a cooperative effect with the organosilane mixture that promoted catalytic activity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bio Resource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Klaehn, John/C-6011-2017 OI Klaehn, John/0000-0002-7077-4509 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 17 PY 2001 VL 435 IS 1 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01246-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 435JU UT WOS:000168879000024 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Michelsen, HA Bevilacqua, RM Gunson, MR Irion, FW Livesey, NJ Oberheide, J Riese, M Russell, JM Toon, GC Zawodny, JM AF Manney, GL Michelsen, HA Bevilacqua, RM Gunson, MR Irion, FW Livesey, NJ Oberheide, J Riese, M Russell, JM Toon, GC Zawodny, JM TI Comparison of satellite ozone observations in coincident air masses in early November 1994 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; STRATOSPHERIC POLAR VORTEX; ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDER MAS; TRACE GAS OBSERVATIONS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; WINTER STRATOSPHERE; POAM-II; VALIDATION; INSTRUMENT; RECONSTRUCTION AB Ozone observed by seven satellite instruments, the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy instrument (ATMOS), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II instrument, Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA), and Millimeter-wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS), during early November 1994 is mapped in equivalent latitude/potential temperature (EqL/theta) space to facilitate nearly global comparisons of measurements taken in similar air masses. Ozone from all instruments usually agrees to within 0.5 ppmv (similar to5%) in the upper stratosphere and similar to0.25 ppmv in the lower stratosphere; larger differences in the midstratosphere are primarily due to sampling differences. Individual profile comparisons, selected to match meteorological conditions, show remarkably good agreement between all instruments that sample similar latitudes, although some small differences do not appear to be related to sampling differences. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH) midstratosphere, the instruments (ATMOS, SAGE II, and FOAM II) with observations confined to high latitudes measured low EqLs in air drawn up from low latitudes that had formed a "low-ozone pocket"; they measured much lower ozone at low EqL than those that sampled low latitudes. A low-ozone pocket had also formed in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midstratosphere (a month earlier than this phenomenon has previously been reported), also resulting in differences between instruments based on their sampling patterns. FOAM If sampled only high latitudes in the NH, where extravortex sampling did not include tropical, high-ozone air, and thus measured lower ozone at a given EqL than other instruments. Ozone laminae appear in coincident profiles from multiple instruments, confirming atmospheric origins for these features and agreement in some detail between ozone observed by several instruments; reverse trajectory calculations indicate such laminae arise from filamentation in and around the polar vortices. Both EqL/theta and profile comparisons indicate overall excellent agreement in ozone observed by all seven instruments in early November 1994. When care is taken to compare similar air masses and to understand sampling effects, much useful information can be obtained from comparisons between instruments with very different observing patterns. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys D 07 05, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Manney, GL (reprint author), New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. RI Oberheide, Jens/C-6156-2011; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013 OI Oberheide, Jens/0000-0001-6721-2540; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D9 BP 9923 EP 9943 DI 10.1029/2000JD900826 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 432ZY UT WOS:000168731900021 ER PT J AU Haftel, MI Einstein, TL AF Haftel, MI Einstein, TL TI Influence of the electrochemical potential on energy landscapes near step- and island-edges: Ag(100) and Ag(111) SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Solid Films and Surfaces (ICSFS-10) CY JUL 09-13, 2000 CL PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP Princeton Univ, Adv Technol Ctr Photon & Optoelectr Mat, David Sarnoff Res Ctr, Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Emcore, Epitaxx, Evans E, Int Rectifier Corp, Natl Sci Fdn, Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Complex Mat, Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Univ Display Corp HO PRINCETON UNIV DE diffusion barriers; embedded-atom model; electrochemical effects; surface morphology ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACES; DIFFUSION; CLUSTERS; GROWTH; AG; DEPOSITION; AU(111); MODEL; AU AB The electrochemical cell offers the promise of enabling controlled alteration of the morphology and islanding phenomena on metallic surfaces. Different diffusion processes near step and island edges are known to profoundly affect the growth mode, island sizes, island shapes and step morphology. Using the surface-embedded-atom model (SEAM) modified for the electrolytic environment, we calculate the dependence of the activation energies for these diffusion processes on the electrochemical potential for the Ag(100) and Ag(111) surfaces. While all these processes show some degree of dependence on the potential, the step-edge barrier and the edge diffusion processes are the most sensitive. Step-edge barriers for Ag(111) increase (to over 1 eV) with a 1.0 V potential (relative to the potential of zero charge (PZC)). The variations for Ag( 100) are not as large (about 0.3 eV), but the excess step-edge barrier can be negative for high positive (> +0.6 V) or negative (< -0.4 V) potentials owing to the competing roles of hopping and exchange diffusion processes and their dependencies on the potential. Edge diffusion decreases rapidly with potential for both (100) and (111) surfaces. Significant variations are also found for diffusion around corners and kinks, which play important roles in island morphology. We assess the influence these variations have on island sizes, shapes, diffusion, and coarsening. From this discussion, we show how the electrochemical potential can he used to control the fractal or compact nature of islands, and the magnitude and scaling exponent for island diffusion and coarsening. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Nonstruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Haftel, MI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nonstruct Opt Sect, Code 6331, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Einstein, Theodore L./0000-0001-6031-4923 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 175 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00158-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 438AT UT WOS:000169032100010 ER PT J AU Brognard, J Clark, AS Ni, YC Dennis, PA AF Brognard, J Clark, AS Ni, YC Dennis, PA TI Akt/protein kinase B is constitutively active in non-small cell lung cancer cells and promotes cellular survival and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; AKT PROTEIN-KINASE; CYCLE CHECKPOINT PATHWAY; SERINE-THREONINE KINASE; INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE; HUMAN TUMOR-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE AB To evaluate the role of Akt/PKB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival, we analyzed NSCLC cell lines that differed in tumor histology as well as p53, Rb, and K-ras status. Constitutive Akt/protein kinase B (PI(B) activity was demonstrated in 16 of 17 cell lines by maintenance of S473 phosphorylation with serum deprivation, Additional analysis of five of these NSCLC lines revealed that phosphorylation of S473 and T308 correlated with in vitro kinase activity. Akt/PKB activation was phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent and promoted survival because the phosphatidylinositol 3 inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin inhibited Akt/PKB phosphorylation, Akt/PKB activity, and increased apoptosis only in cells with active Akt/PKB. To test whether Akt/PKB activity promoted therapeutic resistance, LY294002 was added with individual chemotherapeutic agents or irradiation. LY294002 greatly potentiated chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cells with high Akt/PKB levels, but did not significantly increase chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cells with low Akt/PKB levels. Combined with radiation in cells with active Akt/PKB, LY294002 additively increased apoptosis and inhibited clonogenic growth. These results mere extended with transiently transfected Akt/PKB mutants. Transfecting dominant negative Akt/PKB decreased Akt/PKB activity and increased basal apoptosis as well as chemotherapy- and irradiation-induced apoptosis only in cells with high Akt/PKB activity. Conversely, transfecting constitutively active Akt/PKB into cells with low Akt/PKB activity increased Akt/PKB activity and attenuated chemotherapy- and radiation-induced apoptosis. We therefore identify Akt/PKB as a constitutively active kinase that promotes survival of NSCLC cells and demonstrate that modulation of Akt/PKB activity by pharmacological or genetic approaches alters the cellular responsiveness to therapeutic modalities typically used to treat patients with NSCLC. C1 USN Med Oncol, NCI, Dev Therapeut Dept, Med Branch,Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN Med Oncol, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Dennis, PA (reprint author), USN Med Oncol, NCI, Dev Therapeut Dept, Med Branch,Div Clin Sci, Bldg 8,Room 5101,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 90 TC 702 Z9 740 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 61 IS 10 BP 3986 EP 3997 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 436HC UT WOS:000168929600023 PM 11358816 ER PT J AU Behr, P Morris, JR Antman, MD Ringeisen, BR Splan, JR Nathanson, GM AF Behr, P Morris, JR Antman, MD Ringeisen, BR Splan, JR Nathanson, GM TI Reaction and desorption of HCl and HBr following collisions with supercooled sulfuric acid SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS INTERACTIONS; HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE; SYSTEM; MODEL; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURES; CHEMISTRY; AEROSOLS; ICE AB Gaseous HCl and HBr react with sulfuric acid at rates that depend strongly on acid concentration over a range of acidities typical of stratospheric aerosols. We monitor the competition between immediate desorption and H -->D exchange after HCl and HBr thermalize upon collision with the surface of deuterated sulfuric acid: the exchange probabilities decrease from 0.7 to 0.1 (HCl) and 0.9 to 0.2 (HBr) as the acid concentration is increased from 55 to 70 wt % D2SO4 at 213 K. These measurements imply that HCl and HBr desorb faster than they dissociate at higher acidities, impeding the formation of Cl- and Br- in more acidic aerosols. Residence time measurements of HCl molecules that do enter the acid, however, indicate that HCl is more soluble than expected at high sulfuric acid concentrations. C1 Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Dept Phys & Theoret Chem, FB 8, D-45117 Essen, Germany. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Pharmacia Corp, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nathanson, GM (reprint author), Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Dept Phys & Theoret Chem, FB 8, D-45117 Essen, Germany. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1961 EP 1964 DI 10.1029/2000GL012716 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 431EB UT WOS:000168617900015 ER PT J AU Drob, DP Picone, JM Eckermann, SD AF Drob, DP Picone, JM Eckermann, SD TI Response to comments by R.A. Akmaev on "Mid-latitude temperature at 87-km: Results from multi-instrument Fourier analysis" SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID THERMAL STRUCTURE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Drob, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7640,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2003 EP 2004 DI 10.1029/2000GL012665 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 431EB UT WOS:000168617900027 ER PT J AU Velez-Belchi, P Alvarez, A Colet, P Tintore, J Haney, RL AF Velez-Belchi, P Alvarez, A Colet, P Tintore, J Haney, RL TI Stochastic resonance in the thermohaline circulation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ICE-CORE RECORD; MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE; MODEL; OCEAN; NOISE AB A wide variety of climate records have revealed the existence of sudden a recurrent climatic changes. An important part of this variability might be related to transitions between stable equilibrium states of the thermohaline circulation. Here, we employ a box model of the ocean thermohaline circulation to show that in the presence of environmental fluctuations, a subthreshold periodic perturbation in the fresh water fluxes can induce quasiperiodic transitions between the stable states of the thermohaline circulation This enhanced response occurs for a wide range of frequencies, including the Milankovic orbital forcing, and amplitudes. The mechanism that allows such response of the system under small perturbations arise from a nonlinear cooperation between the periodic perturbations and the fluctuations. Through this nonlinear mechanism, called stochastic resonance, significant climatic variability may be originated due to small perturbations enhanced by environmental noise and dynamics. C1 UIB, CSIC, Inst Mediterraneo Estud Avanzados, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Velez-Belchi, P (reprint author), Inst Espanol Oceanog, Ctr Oceanog Canarias, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain. RI Colet, Pere/A-2472-2011; OI Colet, Pere/0000-0002-5992-6292; Velez-Belchi, Pedro/0000-0003-2404-5679 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2053 EP 2056 DI 10.1029/2000GL012091 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 431EB UT WOS:000168617900040 ER PT J AU Calame, JP Abe, DK Levush, B Danly, BG AF Calame, JP Abe, DK Levush, B Danly, BG TI Variable temperature measurements of the complex dielectric permittivity of lossy AlN-SiC composites from 26.5-40 GHz SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN DONORS; CARBIDE; CONDUCTION; CONSTANT AB The complex dielectric permittivity of electrically lossy AlN-SiC composites has been measured over the 26.5-40 GHz frequency range (Ka band), at temperatures from -180 to 200 degreesC. The dielectric permittivity is found to be strongly sensitive to temperature. Additional broadband, room-temperature dielectric measurements indicate that the Ka-band response is situated on the high-frequency tail of a broad Maxwell-Wagner relaxation. Analysis of the temperature-dependent losses at 30 GHz in a composite containing 20% SiC by weight, using an effective cluster model, indicates the existence of two conduction processes within the SiC, with activation energies of 0.0064 and 0.095 eV. The low-energy process is consistent with a hopping conductivity and the higher-energy process is attributed to a nitrogen donor ionization. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 10 BP 5618 EP 5621 DI 10.1063/1.1362402 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 428AF UT WOS:000168438400062 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM McGill, RA Horwitz, JS Fitz-Gerald, JM Houser, EJ Stroud, RM Wu, PW Ringeisen, BR Pique, A Chrisey, DB AF Bubb, DM McGill, RA Horwitz, JS Fitz-Gerald, JM Houser, EJ Stroud, RM Wu, PW Ringeisen, BR Pique, A Chrisey, DB TI Laser-based processing of polymer nanocomposites for chemical sensing applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON; ABLATION AB Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been used to fabricate polymer/carbon nanocomposite thin films for use in chemical sensors (chemiresistors). Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) films (undoped and 20% carbon by weight) were deposited using an ArF excimer laser (193 nm) at fluences between 150 and 300 mJ/cm(2). The structure and morphology of the deposited films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman scattering, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM). An analysis of the FTIR spectra indicates that a film deposited using an undoped EVA target is primarily polyethylene, suggesting that the acetate group is photochemically or photothermally removed from the starting material. Gas phase measurements of the laser-evaporated material using a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer confirm the production of the acetyl radical on the target surface. Analysis of TEM of films deposited using C-doped targets shows that the carbon black particles (initially 50 nm particles in 1 mum agglomerates) are broken down into particles that are less than or equal to 50 nm in the deposited film. Incorporation of carbon into the target reduces the degree of photochemical damage of the starting material, as shown in the FTIR spectra of the deposited film. The sensitivity and response time of chemiresistors fabricated from 6 mum thick composite films on top of gold electrodes were measured using toluene vapor (548 ppm). The chemiresistors exhibited a reversible and fast (<1.3 s) response to the vapor. In comparison to data reported in the literature, chemiresistors fabricated from PLD films are significantly better than devices fabricated using a more conventional polymer film growth technique. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Surface Modificat Branch, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Oregon Univ, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), USN, Surface Modificat Branch, Res Lab, Code 6370,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 22 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 10 BP 5739 EP 5746 DI 10.1063/1.1362405 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 428AF UT WOS:000168438400084 ER PT J AU Magno, R Bracker, AS Bennett, BR AF Magno, R Bracker, AS Bennett, BR TI Resonant interband tunnel diodes with AlGaSb barriers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; DEVICES AB The peak current density of InAs/AlSb/GaSb/AlSb/InAs resonant interband tunneling diodes has been enhanced by replacing the AlSb barriers with Al1-xGaxSb that has a narrower band gap. The devices were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and tested at room temperature. Diodes with nominally identical 7-ML-thick ternary alloy barriers with x=0.35 are found to have peak current densities three times larger than those with AlSb barriers. The peak-to-valley current ratio decreases by only one third from 18 for the AlSb diodes to 12 for diodes with the ternary alloy barriers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 10 BP 5791 EP 5793 DI 10.1063/1.1365940 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 428AF UT WOS:000168438400094 ER PT J AU Colosi, JA Beardsley, RC Lynch, JF Gawarkiewicz, G Chiu, CS Scotti, A AF Colosi, JA Beardsley, RC Lynch, JF Gawarkiewicz, G Chiu, CS Scotti, A TI Observations of nonlinear internal waves on the outer New England continental shelf during the summer Shelfbreak Primer study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING EXPERIMENT; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; MODEL; FLOW AB Observations are presented of nonlinear internal waves on the outer New England continental shelf during the summer Shelfbreak Primer study conducted between July 26 and August 5, 1996. Current and temperature measurements were made with an upward looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) located on the 147 m isobath near the shelfbreak and three vertical thermistor moorings located upshelf. Data from the ADCP and two nearby thermistor chains show energetic internal tides propagating at roughly 0.9 m s(-1) to the north-northwest, nearly perpendicular to the local topography with 10-15 cm s(-1) horizontal currents and 15-30 m vertical displacements. These waves evolve rapidly within a 5.8 km range into an undular internal tidal bore. Cross-isobath barotropic tidal currents, responsible for generating the internal tides are in the 5-12 cm s(-1) range. The bore formation is highly variable. There is evidence of a correlation between internal tide steepening and a shelfbreak front jet orientation that is oppositely directed to the internal tide propagation. There is no correlation between steepening and the jet's vertical shear. Statistics of the undular bores show rms travel time fluctuations from 0.8 to 1.7 hours and average tidal bore durations from 12 to 9 hours. The average undular bore speed is 0.9 m s(-1), with an rms fluctuation of 0.4 m s(-1). The number of high-frequency waves in the bore varies from 0 to 8 near the shelfbreak and increases to 30 waves 26.7 km upshelf. The observed distribution function of temporal spacing between high-frequency internal waves is spread between 4 and 20 min. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Colosi, JA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Scotti, Alberto/0000-0001-8283-3070 NR 18 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C5 BP 9587 EP 9601 DI 10.1029/2000JC900124 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 431VW UT WOS:000168653300041 ER PT J AU O'Grady, WE Hagans, PL Pandya, KI Maricle, DL AF O'Grady, WE Hagans, PL Pandya, KI Maricle, DL TI Structure of Pt/Ru catalysts using X-ray absorption near edge structure studies SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID METHANOL; OXIDE AB Pt/Ru catalysts with two very different structures were examined with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). One sample was an industrial methanol fuel cell Pt/Ru alloy catalyst black, and the second was a carbon-supported Pt/Ru catalyst. In both cases the as-prepared Pt/Ru catalysts were found, with XANES, to be predominately in the form of Pt and Ru oxides. When these catalysts were placed in an electrochemical cell and held in the potential region where methanol oxidation occurs, XANES data indicate that the metal oxides were reduced to the metallic form. These results also demonstrate that conclusions about the electrocatalytic activity of Pt/Ru materials for methanol oxidation drawn from the characterization of as-prepared samples have little relevance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Int Fuel Cells, S Windsor, CT 06074 USA. RP O'Grady, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 10 BP 3047 EP 3050 DI 10.1021/la0017532 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 431EJ UT WOS:000168618600022 ER PT J AU Tran, KD Groshens, TJ Nelson, JG AF Tran, KD Groshens, TJ Nelson, JG TI Fabrication of near-zero thermal expansion (FexSc1-x)(2)Mo-12-MoO3 ceramic composite using the reaction sintering process SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE thermal expansion; ceramic composites; scandium molybdate; near-zero thermal expansion ID TUNGSTATE AB (FexSc1-x)(2)Mo3O12-MoO3 ceramic composites (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) with negative thermal expansion (FexSc1-x)(2)Mo3O12 particles dispersed in a matrix of MoO3 were fabricated from oxides using a melt reaction process at 960 degreesC, Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show particles of iron/scandium molybdate uniformly distributed in the MoO3 matrix. The matrix has a layered plate-form shape with cleavage structure. The electrical resistivity of the composites is > 10(6) Omega .cm. The mean coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the composites increased from - 3.5 x 10 K-6(-1) when x = 0 to near-zero values ( - 0.2 to + 0.2 x 10(-6) K-1) when x = 0.2. This near-zero thermal expansion is nearly constant over the temperature range 25-500 degreesC. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, AirFrame Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Tran, KD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Chem & Mat Div, Code 4T4210D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 303 IS 1-2 BP 234 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01906-7 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 409MF UT WOS:000167386900030 ER PT J AU Johnston-Halperin, E Awschalom, DD Crooker, SA Efros, AL Rosen, M Peng, X Alivisatos, AP AF Johnston-Halperin, E Awschalom, DD Crooker, SA Efros, AL Rosen, M Peng, X Alivisatos, AP TI Spin spectroscopy of dark excitons in CdSe quantum dots to 60 T SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALS; GAIN; BAND AB Polarization-resolved magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy is used to study exciton spin states in 40-80 Angstrom diameter chemically synthesized CdSe quantum dots (QDs) at temperatures T = 1.2-50 K. The spin polarization is found not to saturate in magnetic fields to 60 T and time-resolved studies indicate a thermal population of exciton states. A simple model incorporating the angle-dependent Zeeman splitting and bright-dark level mixing in these randomly oriented quantum dots is constructed in quantitative agreement with the data. Fits using this model yield a dark exciton a factor of similar to0.9 at T = 1.45 K, which is independent of QD diameter and exhibits a surprising increase with increasing temperature. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnston-Halperin, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel/B-5902-2012; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; peng, xiaogang/R-6184-2016 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; peng, xiaogang/0000-0002-5606-8472 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 20 AR 205309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.205309 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 436LK UT WOS:000168937200056 ER PT J AU Kirchhoff, F Mehl, MJ Papanicolaou, NI Papaconstantopoulos, DA Khan, FS AF Kirchhoff, F Mehl, MJ Papanicolaou, NI Papaconstantopoulos, DA Khan, FS TI Dynamical properties of Au from tight-binding molecular-dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; DENSITIES; SILICON; METALS AB We studied the dynamical properties of Au using our previously developed tight-binding method. Phonon-dispersion and density-of-states curves at T=0 K were determined by computing the dynamical matrix using a supercell approach. In addition, we performed molecular-dynamics simulations at various temperatures to obtain the temperature dependence of the lattice constant and of the atomic mean-square displacement, as well as the phonon density-of-states and phonon-dispersion curves at finite temperature. We further tested the transferability of the model to different atomic environments by simulating liquid gold. Whenever possible, we compared these results to experimental values. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Kirchhoff, F (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 19 AR 195101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.195101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 434KT UT WOS:000168814200025 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ Gupta, M Gupta, R AF Singh, DJ Gupta, M Gupta, R TI Density-functional description of spinel ZnFe2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; STATE PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; FERRITES; EXCHANGE; LIV2O4 AB Density-functional calculations of electronic and magnetic properties of the spinel compound ZnFe2O4 done with the general potential linearized augmented plane-wave method are reported. We find significant differences between local spin-density approximation and generalized gradient approximation calculations. In the generalized gradient approximation an insulating antiferromagnetic state is found, leaving open the question of the role of Hubbard correlations in this material. The results are discussed in view of existing experimental data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris Sud, Inst Sci Mat, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, Rech Met Phys Sect, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 20 AR 205102 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 436LK UT WOS:000168937200023 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Jurkovic, MJ Felix, CL Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Aifer, EH Butler, JE Tobin, SP Norton, PW Hutchins, MA AF Bewley, WW Jurkovic, MJ Felix, CL Lindle, JR Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Aifer, EH Butler, JE Tobin, SP Norton, PW Hutchins, MA TI HgCdTe photodetectors with negative luminescent efficiencies > 80% SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCLUSION AB We have characterized the negative luminescent properties of photovoltaic HgCdTe detector structures with a room-temperature cutoff of 4.2 mum. Using an optical modulation method to directly measure the emittance as a function of applied bias and temperature, the blackbody signal at 295 K is found to be suppressed by a factor of 5.6. The negative luminescence efficiency of 82% and the apparent blackbody temperature change of approximate to -35 K are nearly independent of heatsink temperature over the range 265-305 K. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sanders IR Imaging Syst, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; NR 10 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 20 BP 3082 EP 3084 DI 10.1063/1.1370539 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 430EA UT WOS:000168559600028 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Jeong, DY Cheng, ZY Zhang, QM Luo, HS Yin, ZW Viehland, D AF Lu, Y Jeong, DY Cheng, ZY Zhang, QM Luo, HS Yin, ZW Viehland, D TI Phase transitional behavior and piezoelectric properties of the orthorhombic phase of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY AB We report on the observation of an orthorhombic ferroelectric phase in 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.33PbTiO(3) single crystals, whose polarization is along [011] direction and stability can be altered by poling conditions. We studied the piezoelectric properties on poled [011] crystals, in both monodomain and polydomain states, and found that the piezoelectric d(32) coefficient, which is the piezoelectric response in perpendicular to the poling direction, is positive in both cases. Based on the phenomenological theory, we show that this is possible in a crystal with the electrostrictive coefficients Q(11)>Q(44)-Q(12). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Lab Funct Inorgan Mat, Shanghai, Peoples R China. USN, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM qxz1@psu.edu RI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/A-9841-2008 OI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/0000-0001-7209-7380 NR 18 TC 196 Z9 198 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 20 BP 3109 EP 3111 DI 10.1063/1.1372360 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 430EA UT WOS:000168559600037 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Powers, J AF Viehland, D Powers, J TI Electromechanical coupling coefficient of < 001 >-oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 cystals: Stress and temperature independence SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB The electromechanical coupling coefficient (k(33)) of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) [001]-oriented crystals have been investigated under unaxial stress (sigma) and temperature (T). The results demonstrate that [001]-oriented crystals have a k(33) of similar to0.92, which is nearly independent of sigma between 0 and 6 x 10(7) N/m(2) (similar to4% decrease) and relatively independent of temperature between 5 and 40 degreesC (similar to4% increase). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 20 BP 3112 EP 3114 DI 10.1063/1.1370544 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 430EA UT WOS:000168559600038 ER PT J AU Mera, AE Morris, RE AF Mera, AE Morris, RE TI Hydrosilation in supercritical CO2: Synthesis of fluorinated polysiloxanes SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TENSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HYDROSILYLATION; FLUOROPOLYMERS AB Hydrosilation of poly(methylhydrosiloxane) with a fluorinated olefin in supercritical CO2 (scCO(2)) using Karstedt's Pt catalyst has been successfully demonstrated; results were compared with those obtained in a subcritical conventional solvent, i.e. toluene. Rates of hydrosilation were found to be dependent on solvent, reactant concentration, and reaction temperature. Levels of hydrosilation were 40-50%, depending on reaction conditions. Gel formation, which was not observed under any conditions in subcritical toluene, occurred in all reactions done in scCO(2) and accounted for up to 20 wt.-% of the final product mix. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mera, AE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD MAY 14 PY 2001 VL 22 IS 7 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1002/1521-3927(20010401)22:7<513::AID-MARC513>3.0.CO;2-J PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 438JN UT WOS:000169050000007 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Mazin, II Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP Boyer, LL AF Kortus, J Mazin, II Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP Boyer, LL TI Superconductivity of metallic boron in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METALS AB Boron in MgB2 forms stacks of honeycomb layers with magnesium as a space filler. Band structure calculations indicate that Mg is substantially ionized, and the bands at the Fermi level derive mainly from B orbitals. Strong bonding with an ionic component and considerable metallic density of states yield a sizable electron-phonon coupling. Together with high phonon frequencies, which we estimate via zone-center frozen phonon calculations to be between 300 and 700 cm(-1), this produces a high critical temperature, consistent with recent experiments. Thus MgB2 can be viewed as an analog of the long sought, but still hypothetical, superconducting metallic hydrogen. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Kortus, J (reprint author), MPI Festkorperforsch, Postfach 80065, D-70506 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008; Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Karabulut, Erman/G-6679-2011 OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490; NR 17 TC 935 Z9 954 U1 15 U2 131 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 20 BP 4656 EP 4659 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4656 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 431GM UT WOS:000168623500058 PM 11384307 ER PT J AU Chavko, M Xing, GQ Keyser, DO AF Chavko, M Xing, GQ Keyser, DO TI Increased sensitivity to seizures in repeated exposures to hyperbaric oxygen: role of NOS activation SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rat brain; oxygen toxicity; NOS isoforms ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; SPREADING DEPRESSION; RAT-BRAIN; TOLERANCE; ISCHEMIA; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION; INDUCTION; TOXICITY AB Nitric oxide is involved in the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) brain toxicity as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors delay latent time before the onset of seizures. The purpose of this study was to investigate if seizures affect sensitivity to convulsions during subsequent exposure to HBO2 and to determine if NOS activity and expression is changed after HBO2 seizures. Rats were exposed to 5 atm (gauge pressure) 100% O-2 until seizures recorded by electroencephalograph (EEG) and reexposed 1, 2, or 6 days later. Latency to seizures was significantly shorter (P<0.05) in animals reexposed 1 or 2 days after the first exposure. Activity of calcium-dependent NOS activity in cortex was significantly higher 1 and 2 days after seizures compared with controls (P<0.05), while calcium-independent NOS activity was not changed during the 6-day post-seizure interval. The expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS) protein determined by Western blot was higher 1 and 2 days after seizures (P<0.05), while the expression of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) remained unchanged. nNOS upregulation 1 and 2 days after seizures and protection against HBO2 seizures by nNOS-specific inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) suggest possible involvement of NO in the mechanism of increased sensitivity to HBO2 in reexposures. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Chavko, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Xing, Guoqiang/0000-0002-4706-3063 NR 36 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 11 PY 2001 VL 900 IS 2 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02301-0 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 429BQ UT WOS:000168496500010 PM 11334802 ER PT J AU Murata, H Malliaras, GG Uchida, M Shen, Y Kafafi, ZH AF Murata, H Malliaras, GG Uchida, M Shen, Y Kafafi, ZH TI Non-dispersive and air-stable electron transport in an amorphous organic semiconductor SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULARLY DOPED POLYMERS; CHARGE TRANSPORT; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; HOLE MOBILITY; TRANSISTORS; ORIGIN AB We report the electron transport properties of an amorphous organic semiconductor based on silole derivatives. The observed non-dispersive and fast electron transport suggests that electron trapping due to energetic disorder is very small. Based on the mobility measurements in air we conclude that oxygen does not function as a significant electron trap. The observed excellent electron transport properties of this silole derivative are attributed to a large electron affinity originating from its sigma*-pi* conjugation and a high aromaticity of its anionic species. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Chisso Corp, Kanagawa 2368605, Japan. RP Murata, H (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, Ctr Elect Mat & Devices, London SW7 2AY, England. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 25 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2001 VL 339 IS 3-4 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00306-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 434BM UT WOS:000168795300001 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Hartley, J AF Kostoff, RN Hartley, J TI Structured abstracts for technical journals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Keele, Dept Psychol, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 11 PY 2001 VL 292 IS 5519 BP 1067 EP 1067 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 431AF UT WOS:000168609200028 PM 11352053 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Binari, SC Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Katzer, DS AF Klein, PB Binari, SC Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Katzer, DS TI Investigation of traps producing current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB Current collapse in ALGaN/GaN HEMTs has been investigated using photo-ionisation spectroscopy techniques to probe the spatial origins of the traps producing this effect. The results indicate that the responsible traps reside in the high-resistivity GaN buffer layer and are identical to those traps causing current collapse in GaN MESFETs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 5 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 10 BP 661 EP 662 DI 10.1049/el:20010434 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 435UG UT WOS:000168899100037 ER PT J AU Childers, VA McAdoo, DC Brozena, JM Laxon, SW AF Childers, VA McAdoo, DC Brozena, JM Laxon, SW TI New gravity data in the Arctic Ocean: Comparison of airborne and ERS gravity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; CANADA BASIN; FIELD; GEOSAT; CONSTRAINTS; GRAVIMETRY AB New gravity fields from airborne gravimetry and from ERS-1 and -2 satellite altimetry cover extensive portions of the Arctic Ocean. These two data sets may constitute as much as 60% of the data contributions to the Arctic Gravity Project compilation. Here we evaluate the accuracy and resolution of these data and quantify their impact on the compilation. Both gravity determinations compare favorably with Geological Survey of Canada surface measurements in the Beaufort Sea (airborne, 1.86-2.09 mGal rms; ERS, 2.64-3.11 mGal rms). Comparisons between the airborne and ERS data over the Chukchi Borderlands reveal a 4.38 mGal rms difference over the smoother region of the field and 7.36 mGal rms over the rugose field generated by the shallow ridges and deep troughs. Coherency between the two data sets in the Chukchi region implies a resolution of 19 km. Comparison with Science Ice Expedition submarine measurements over Chukchi Plateau suggests that the ERS field resolves even shorter-wavelength signal than the airborne data, whereas in the Beaufort Sea the airborne data showed better coherence to ground truth data. Long-wavelength differences exist between the two data sets, expressed as a 2-3 mGal offset over the Chukchi region. This study highlights the respective strengths of the two data sets. The ERS gravity field has the advantage of ubiquitous coverage of the ocean south of 81.5 degreesN, a denser sampling of the gravity field, and a recovery of signal down to similar to 15 km. The airborne data cover a significant portion of the polar hole in the satellite coverage, have lower measurement noise, and recover somewhat higher anomaly amplitudes in the 25-100 km wavelength range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Childers, VA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7421,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM vicki.childers@nrl.navy.mil; dave@comet.grdl.noaa.gov; john.brozena@nrl.navy.mil; swl@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Laxon, Seymour/C-1644-2008; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010 OI McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B5 BP 8871 EP 8885 DI 10.1029/2000JB900405 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 430UE UT WOS:000168593200023 ER PT J AU Tamiz, AP Bandyopadhyay, BC Zhang, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL Zhang, M Wang, CZ Johnson, KM Tella, S Kozikowski, AP AF Tamiz, AP Bandyopadhyay, BC Zhang, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL Zhang, M Wang, CZ Johnson, KM Tella, S Kozikowski, AP TI Pharmacological and behavioral analysis of the effects of some bivalent ligand-based monoamine reuptake inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PIPERIDINE-BASED ANALOGS; DOPAMINE-TRANSPORTER; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; POTENT DOPAMINE; HIGH-AFFINITY; BINDING; ADDICTION; SITE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; FENFLURAMINE AB Novel piperidine-based bivalent ligands were prepared in enantiomerically pure form and evaluated for their ability to inhibit reuptake of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) into rat brain nerve endings (synaptosomes). In this study, we have succeeded in using (1) the length of the linking chain connecting the two piperidine-based monomer units and (2) the absolute configuration of the piperidine monomer as a means to tailor activity and selectivity at the three monoamine transporters tested. In this series, the bivalent ligand 16, comprised of two (+)-trans-piperidine units linked by a pentamethylene spacer, exhibits a combination of high DA transporter (DAT) and 5-HT transporter (SERT) activity (K-i = 39 nM and 7 nM, respectively). Piperidine 18 is capable of reducing cocaine's locomotor effects in mice while not having any effect on locomotion when tested alone. Additionally, compound 16 (1-10 mg/kg) does not substitute for cocaine in drug discrimination studies in rats. However, the analogous bivalent ligand 15 comprised of two (-)-trans-piperidine units, which is SERT selective, was less effective in antagonizing cocaine's locomotor stimulant activity. The piperidine-based bivalent inhibitors described herein constitute a new class of monoamine reuptake inhibitors that exhibit varying levels of monoamine transporter activity and selectivity, and these ligands may serve as lead candidates in the discovery of new therapeutics to treat a range of neurological disorders including cocaine addiction. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20275 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd,NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Johnson, Kenneth/E-7944-2014 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA11548, DA10458] NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAY 10 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 10 BP 1615 EP 1622 DI 10.1021/jm000552s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 431HX UT WOS:000168626700014 PM 11334571 ER PT J AU Johnston, EE Trammell, SA Goldston, HM Conrad, DW AF Johnston, EE Trammell, SA Goldston, HM Conrad, DW TI Sensitization of nanoporous TiO2 electrodes using the naturally occurring chromophores: stentorin and hypericin SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hypericin; stentorin; TiO2; IPCE; APCE; photovoltaic ID CILIATE PHOTORECEPTOR STENTORIN; SINGLET OXYGEN; PHOTOSENSITIZATION; FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR; DERIVATIVES; EFFICIENCY; LIGHT AB This paper compares hypericin and stentorin as possible photosensitizers for transparent, nanoporous, TiO2-based photovoltaic cells. The absolute photon conversion efficiency (APCE) of stentorin-sensitized nanoporous TiO2 electrodes was 2%, 20 times greater than that of electrodes sensitized by the structural analog, hypericin (0.1%). We attribute the greater efficiency of the stentorin electrode to the decreased tendency of stentorin to aggregate on the electrode surface. These results suggest that controlling aggregation by making a slight structural modification to the chromophore could be a viable and generalizable method for improving the performance of dye-sensitized electrodes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trammell, SA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD MAY 10 PY 2001 VL 140 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00406-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 427BP UT WOS:000168385200011 ER PT J AU Mackey, BL Russell, JN Crowell, JE Pehrsson, PE Thoms, BD Butler, JE AF Mackey, BL Russell, JN Crowell, JE Pehrsson, PE Thoms, BD Butler, JE TI Oxygen adsorption on the (110)-oriented diamond surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium held in Honor of John T Yates on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday CY AUG 19, 2000 CL UNIV PITTSBURGH, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA HO UNIV PITTSBURGH ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; THERMAL-DESORPTION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; 100 SURFACES; OXIDATION; CHEMISORPTION; REFLECTANCE; SPECTRA; POWDERS AB Multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy (MIRIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) were used to investigate the interaction of oxygen with a diamond (110)-oriented surface. Exposure of the hydrogen-free diamond surface at 90 K to room-temperature O-2 or thermally excited oxygen, O-2* (produced with a heated iridium filament) resulted in a sharp infrared absorption at 657 cm(-1), which disappeared on heating to 300 K. The 657 cm(-1) absorption may indicate a surface peroxide. When the hydrogen-free diamond surface was dosed with O-2 at room temperature, no oxygen adsorption was observed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) or TPD. In contrast, dosing the surface with O-2* at 300 K led to oxygen chemisorption. The room-temperature diamond surface was saturated with oxygen after exposures of > 2400 L O-2*. When the oxidized surface was heated, only CO2 and CO desorption were observed, with peak maxima at 780 and 870 K, respectively. The peak desorption temperatures for CO2 and CO did not vary with O coverage, implying first-order desorption kinetics, MIRIR spectra of the oxygen-saturated (110)-oriented surface showed weak absorption modes at 790 and 980 cm(-1). The exposure of the surface at 900 K to O-2* led to (1) an increase in the coverage of oxygen species stable at high-temperature, (2) narrower, more intense, MIRIRS absorption modes (O-16, 770, 934, and 980 cm(-1); O-18, 747, 895, and 936 cm(-1)) and (3) a sharp, intense CO desorption peak at 1025 K. These observations imply that the low-temperature adsorption sites were etched away, thus favoring the additional adsorption of oxygen into the adsorption sites that are stable at high temperature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Russell, JN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 10 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 18 BP 3803 EP 3812 DI 10.1021/jp003586k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 431GX UT WOS:000168624400019 ER PT J AU Houser, EJ Mlsna, TE Nguyen, VK Chung, R Mowery, RL McGill, RA AF Houser, EJ Mlsna, TE Nguyen, VK Chung, R Mowery, RL McGill, RA TI Rational materials design of sorbent coatings for explosives: applications with chemical sensors SO TALANTA LA English DT Article ID WAVE VAPOR SENSORS; NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; POLYMERS AB A series of chemoselective polymers had been designed and synthesized to enhance the sorption properties of polymer coated chemical sensors for polynitroaromatic analytes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the chemoselective coatings, a polynitroaromatic vapor test bed was utilized to challenge polymer coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with different explosive vapors. Dinitrotoluene detection limits were determined to be in the < 100 parts per trillion ranges. ATR-FTIR studies were used to determine the nature of the polymer-polynitroaromatic analyte interactions, and confirm the presence of hydrogen-bonding between polymer pendant groups and the nitro functional groups of polynitroaromatic explosive materials. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP McGill, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Code 6375, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAY 10 PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 469 EP 485 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00545-2 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 432LN UT WOS:000168693400006 PM 18968272 ER PT J AU Kopke, RD Jackson, RL Li, GM Rasmussen, MD Hoffer, ME Frenz, DA Costello, M Schultheiss, P Van De Water, TR AF Kopke, RD Jackson, RL Li, GM Rasmussen, MD Hoffer, ME Frenz, DA Costello, M Schultheiss, P Van De Water, TR TI Growth factor treatment enhances vestibular hair cell renewal and results in improved vestibular function SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EAR SENSORY EPITHELIA; MAMMALIAN INNER-EAR; FACTOR-ALPHA; SUPPORTING CELL; RETINOIC ACID; MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; COMPLEMENTARY ROLES; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; AUDITORY NEURONS; OTOLITH ORGANS AB The vestibules of adult guinea pigs were lesioned with gentamicin and then treated with perilymphatic infusion of either of two growth factor mixtures (i.e., GF I or CF II). GF I contained transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), insulin-like growth factor type one (IGF-I), and retinoic: acid (RA), whereas CF II contained those three factors and brain-derived neurotrophic: factor. Treatment with GF I significantly enhanced vestibular hair cell renewal in ototoxin-damaged utricles and the maturation of stereociliary bundle morphology. The addition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the GF II infusion mixture resulted in the return of type 1 vestibular hair cells in ototoxin-damaged cristae, and improved vestibular function. These results suggest that growth factor therapy may be an effective treatment for balance disorders that are the result of hair cell dysfunction and/or loss. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Anat & Struct Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Def Spatial Orientat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Van De Water, TR (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol, 1410 Pelham Pkwy S, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. NR 46 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 8 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 10 BP 5886 EP 5891 DI 10.1073/pnas.101120898 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 431GK UT WOS:000168623300092 PM 11331776 ER PT J AU Gauger, PR Holt, DB Patterson, CH Charles, PT Shriver-Lake, L Kusterbeck, AW AF Gauger, PR Holt, DB Patterson, CH Charles, PT Shriver-Lake, L Kusterbeck, AW TI Explosives detection in soil using a field-portable continuous flow immunosensor SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE explosives; soil; immunosensor; field methods ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRACE ANALYSIS; WATER; TNT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; NITRAMINE; ELECTROPHORESIS; BIOSENSOR; RESIDUES AB A field method for quantitative analysis of explosives in contaminated soil samples is described. The method is based on a displacement immunoassay performed in a commercial instrument, the FAST 2000, engineered by Research International Inc. The method can be used on-sire to measure 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) within 5 min. For this study, replicate analyses were performed on soil extracts prepared from each field sample as well as appropriate controls, blanks, and laboratory standards. Statistical analyses were done to assess accuracy, bias, and predictability of the method. The results demonstrated that the immunosensor could be used effectively to screen environmental samples for the presence or absence of explosives. In most samples, the method also provided quantitative values that were in good agreement with standard laboratory analyses using HPLC. A limited number of sample matrices interfered with the immunoassay and produced results that varied significantly from the laboratory data. In each case, the compounds causing the problem have been identified and efforts are being made to minimize these matrix interferences in future field evaluations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GEO Ctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Kusterbeck, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 7 PY 2001 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(00)00327-7 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 416UZ UT WOS:000167799700006 PM 11267745 ER PT J AU Leathers, RA Downes, TV AF Leathers, RA Downes, TV TI Self-shading correction for upwelling sea-surface radiance measurements made with buoyed instruments SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; OCEAN COLOR; IRRADIANCE; MODEL; COASTAL; NM AB Upwelling radiance measurements made with instruments designed to oat at the sea surface are shaded both by the instrument housing and by the buoy that holds the instrument. The amount of shading is wavelength dependent and is affected by the local marine and atmospheric conditions. Radiance measurements made with such instruments should be corrected for this self-shading error before being applied to remote sensing calibrations or remote sensing algorithm validation. Here we use Monte Carlo simulations to compute the self-shading error of a commercially available buoyed radiometer so that measurements made with this instrument can be improved. This approach can be easily adapted to the dimensions of other instruments.(C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sequoia Sci Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Leathers, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7212,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 7 PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 561 EP 570 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 429MP UT WOS:000168521400005 PM 19417854 ER PT J AU Agnew, EB Wilson, RH Grem, JL Neckers, L Bi, DQ Takimoto, CH AF Agnew, EB Wilson, RH Grem, JL Neckers, L Bi, DQ Takimoto, CH TI Measurement of the novel antitumor agent 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin ID GELDANAMYCIN AB A sensitive HPLC assay has been developed to determine the concentration of 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygel-danamycin (AAG) in human plasma over the concentration range of 12.5 to 2500 nM (7.33 to 1465 ng/mL). After the addition of 1000 nM geldanamycin as the internal standard, 1 mL samples of human plasma were subjected to solid-phase extraction, via Bond-Elut C-18 cartridges, followed by analysis using an isocratic reversed-phase HPLC assay with UV detection. A Phenomenex Kingsorb, 3 micron, C18, 150X4.60 mm column and a Phenomenex Security Guard pre-column, C-18 (ODS, Octadecyl), were used to achieve separation. AAG and GM were monitored at 334 and 308 nm, respectively, on a Hewlett-Packard 1050 Diode-Array Detector. The mobile phase, run at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min, was composed of 50% (v/v) 25 mM sodium phosphate (pH 3.00) with 10 mM triethylamine and 50% acetonitrile. HPLC effectively resolved AAG with retention times of 14.60 +/- 0.54 min and the internal standard geldanamycin at 10.72+/-0.38 min (n = 15). This assay was able to measure plasma concentrations of AAG, the lower limit of quantitation being 12.5 nM, at a starting dose of 10 mg/m(2) infused intravenously over 1 h in a Phase I clinical trial in adult patients with solid tumors. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Dev Therapeut Dept, Med Branch, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NCI, Cell & Canc Biol Dept, Med Branch, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Grem, JL (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Med Branch, NCI, Bldg 8,Room 5101,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD MAY 5 PY 2001 VL 755 IS 1-2 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00113-X PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 427UJ UT WOS:000168423600027 PM 11393709 ER PT J AU Saavedra, JE Srinivasan, A Bonifant, CL Chu, JX Shanklin, AP Flippen-Anderson, JL Rice, WG Turpin, JA Davies, KM Keefer, LK AF Saavedra, JE Srinivasan, A Bonifant, CL Chu, JX Shanklin, AP Flippen-Anderson, JL Rice, WG Turpin, JA Davies, KM Keefer, LK TI The secondary amine/nitric oxide complex ion R2N[N(O)NO](-) as nucleophile and leaving group in SNAr reactions SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; ZINC FINGERS; INHIBITORS; RELEASE; AGENTS; DONORS; CONVERSION; AIDS; NO AB Ions of structure R2N[N(O)NO](-) and their alkylation products have seen increasing use as nitric oxide (NO)-generating agents for biomedical research applications. Were we show that such diazeniumdiolate anions can readily displace halide from a variety of electrophilic aza- or nitroaromatic substrates to form O-2-arylated derivatives of structure R2N-N(O)=N=OAr. The site of arylation and the cis arrangement of the oxygens were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Displacement by various nucleophiles showed R2N[N(O)NO](-) to be a reasonably good leaving group, with rate constants for displacement by hydroxide, methoxide, and isopropylamine that were between those of chloride and fluoride in the SNAr reactions we surveyed. The Meisenheimer intermediate could be spectrally observed. These O-2-aryl diazeniumdiolates proved capable of reacting with the nucleophilic sulfur of the HIV-1 p7 nucleocapsid protein's zinc finger assembly to eject the zinc, disrupting a structural motif critical to viral replication and suggesting possible utility in the drug discovery realm. C1 NCI, SAIC Frederick, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Chem Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. So Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Saavedra, JE (reprint author), NCI, SAIC Frederick, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014 OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] NR 29 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAY 4 PY 2001 VL 66 IS 9 BP 3090 EP 3098 DI 10.1021/jo0016529 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 428KY UT WOS:000168461900025 PM 11325274 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ Sullivan, SA AF Viera, AJ Sullivan, SA TI Remedies for prolonged hiccups SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter ID INTRACTABLE HICCUPS; SINGULTUS C1 USN Hosp Guam, FPO, AP 96538 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp Guam, PSC 490 Box NCTAMS, FPO, AP 96538 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1684 EP + PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 431AL UT WOS:000168609700003 PM 11352278 ER PT J AU Taylor, WRJ Widjaja, H Richie, TL Basri, H Tjitra, CO Taufik, E Jones, TR Kain, KC Hoffman, SL AF Taylor, WRJ Widjaja, H Richie, TL Basri, H Tjitra, CO Taufik, E Jones, TR Kain, KC Hoffman, SL TI Chloroquine/doxycycline combination versus chloroquine alone, and doxycycline alone for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern Irian Jaya, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIMALARIAL DRUG-RESISTANCE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; IN-VIVO; MEFLOQUINE; TETRACYCLINE; QUININE; ARTESUNATE; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTIONS; THAILAND AB Combination therapy is one method of overcoming the global challenge of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We conducted a hospital-based 28-day in vivo test comparing chloroquine/doxycycline to chloroquine or doxycycline alone for treating P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Eighty-nine patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were randomized to standard dose chloroquine (n = 30), doxycycline (100 mg every 12 hours [7 days], n = 20), or chloroquine with doxycycline (n = 39): corresponding numbers for vivax malaria (n = 63) were 23, 16, 24. Endpoints were parasite sensitivity (S) or resistance (RI/RII/RIII). Of the 105 evaluable patients, chloroquine/doxycycline cured (S) 20/22 (90.9% [95% CI 78.9-100%]) patients with P. falciparum malaria; 2/22 (9.1% [0-21%]) were RIII resistant. Doxycycline cured 11/17 (64.7% [42.0-87.4%]) patients, and chloroquine 4/20 (20% [2.5-37.5%]). Against P. vivax, chloroquine/doxycycline cured (S) 12/17 (70.6% [48.9-92.2%]) patients, doxycycline 4/12 (33.3% [6.6-59.9%]), and chloroquine 5/17 (29.4% [7.7-51.1%]). Chloroquine/doxycycline was effective against P. falciparum but only modestly effective against P. vivax. These findings support the use of chloroquine/doxycycline as an inexpensive alternative to mefloquine for treating chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum but not chloroquine-resistant P. vivax in this setting. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC USA. NIH, Ctr Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesian Naval Hosp, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Toronto Hosp, Trop Dis Unit, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Richie, TL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5-6 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 453NH UT WOS:000169921600001 PM 11463107 ER PT J AU Sarvestani, SS Siahmakoun, A Duree, G Johnson, K AF Sarvestani, SS Siahmakoun, A Duree, G Johnson, K TI High diffraction efficiency in SBN with applied fields near the coercive field SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM BARIUM NIOBATE; FERROELECTRIC DOMAIN GRATINGS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; VOLUME HOLOGRAMS; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; CRYSTALS; FIXATION; TIME AB We present the experiments and results of our investigation of electrical fixing in SBN:60, We propose an optical method for determining the value of the coercive field in ferroelectric crystals. An interferometric method is used to map the change in the index of refraction with negative applied fields, where the minimum of the index change is an indication of the coercive field. From this experiment, values of 1.55 kV +/- 20 V, for the coercive voltage and 147 +/- 6 pm/V for the linear electro-optic coefficient are found. Two electrical-fixing techniques that result in very high diffraction efficiencies are presented, discussed and compared to previous publications on electrical fixing in SBN. High diffraction efficiencies of about 95% were achieved with the application of negative fields near the coercive region, during and after holographic recording in the crystal. C1 Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Appl Opt, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Siahmakoun, A (reprint author), Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Appl Opt, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 72 IS 6 BP 711 EP 716 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 436JX UT WOS:000168933700013 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Moore, PG Loschialpo, P Smith, D AF Lambrakos, SG Moore, PG Loschialpo, P Smith, D TI Estimates of optical parameters based on mixing rules extending over a wide range of wavelengths SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE estimation of optical parameters; composite materials; parameter optimization; wide-hand estimates; multiscale features AB We examine a procedure for constructing estimates of optical parameters for composite materials, whose associated reflectivity function consists of multiscale features relative to wavelength, via mixing rules that extend over a wide range of wavelengths. The parameters associated with these mixing rules define a system representation of the optical properties of a composite material. In our procedure, these parameters are optimized with respect to the measured reflectivity of the composite material and existing optical data for materials similar to those making up the composite system. Estimates of optical parameters that extend over a wide range of wavelengths can provide for well-conditioned inversion, via parameter optimization, of reflectivity measurements characterized by multiscale features relative to wavelength. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 55 IS 5 BP 584 EP 590 DI 10.1366/0003702011952389 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 439BX UT WOS:000169091900009 ER PT J AU Bart, AN Kindschi, GA Ahmed, H Clark, J Young, J Zohar, Y AF Bart, AN Kindschi, GA Ahmed, H Clark, J Young, J Zohar, Y TI Enhanced transport of calcein into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, larvae using cavitation level ultrasound SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE transport; calcein; cavitation; ultrasound; marking; fluorescence; rainbow trout ID DELIVERY AB Enhanced diffusion of calcein into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, larvae was examined using cavitation level ultrasound for the purpose of mass-marking. Three variables, consisting of two voltage amplitudes (90 and 120 mV), two calcein concentrations (600 and 900 mg/l) and two duration of treatments (5 and 15 min) were examined. Thirty-day-old yolk sac fry (n = 640) were treated with calcein and/or ultrasound. Overall mean diffusion of calcein ranged from 3.8 to 36.2 ng/fish. The highest absorption level was observed with highest amplitude applied for 15 min in 900 mg/l of calcein solution. Significantly higher diffusion resulted with 120 mV when compared against 90 mV (P < 0,05). A high level of background autofluorescence (7.8 ng/fish) was also measured. Results from these experiments demonstrate: that a several-fold increase in the rate of diffusion of calcein into fish can be achieved when treated with cavitation level, low frequency ultrasound (40 kHz and 90 or 120 mV). The technique has potential for use in delivery of compounds for marking fish as well as for delivery of therapeutants such as vaccines and antibiotics. <(c)> 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Bart, AN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, 600 E Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 196 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00579-2 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 417NT UT WOS:000167841600015 ER PT J AU Carron, JD Greinwald, JH Oberman, JP Werner, AL Derkay, CS AF Carron, JD Greinwald, JH Oberman, JP Werner, AL Derkay, CS TI Simulated reflux and laryngotracheal reconstruction - A rabbit model SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pediatric-Otolaryngology CY MAY 16-19, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Pediat Otolaryngol ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; SUBGLOTTIC STENOSIS; PORCINE MODEL; DISEASE; CHILDREN; MANIFESTATIONS; CARTILAGE; INJURY; GRAFT; ACID AB Objectives: (1) To test the feasibility of a rabbit model using a pharyngostomy tube to simulate gastroesophageal reflux and (2) to study the effects of gastroesophageal reflux on laryngotracheal reconstruction using a new rabbit model. Design: Prospective randomized trial. Subjects: Thirty-three New Zealand white rabbits. Interventions: Anterior cartilage laryngotracheoplasty and pharyngostomy tube placement into the pyriform sinus were performed in 33 rabbits. 22 of which are included in this analysis. Beginning postoperative day 1, hydrochloric acid at a pH of 1.5 with pepsin (n=7) or at a pH of 4.0 with pepsin (n=8) was irrigated twice daily through the pharyngostomy tube to simulate gastroesophageal reflux, and a control group received twice-daily isotonic sodium chloride solution irrigations (n= 7). Main Outcome Measure : Specimens were scored by a pathologist masked to individual groups using a newly modified inflammation scoring system. In addition, cross-sectional areas of the cartilage grafts and subglottic airway lumina were compared. Results: Inflammation scores were significantly higher in rabbits receiving hydrochloric acid and pepsin irrigations at a pH of 4.0 (P=.04) but not in those in the pH 1.5 group. Cartilage necrosis was prominent in all groups, and airway sizes and cross-sectional areas of the grafts were not significantly different among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Cartilage necrosis is prominent during the early stages after laryngotracheoplasty. inflammation can be increased using hydrochloric acid and pepsin irrigations but is difficult to predict based on this study. Although we confirmed the feasibility of this model, further modifications of this study are proposed to improve animal survival and data collection. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Pathol Lab, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Carron, JD (reprint author), Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 825 Fairfax Ave, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 127 IS 5 BP 576 EP 580 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 429KC UT WOS:000168515000015 PM 11346436 ER PT J AU Richards, GT Fan, XH Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Strauss, MA York, DG Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Crocker, JH Csabai, I Doi, M Finkbeiner, D Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH McKay, TA Meiksin, A Merrelli, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Pier, JR Pope, A Richmond, MW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y Stoughton, C Stubbs, C Rao, MS Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tremonti, C Uomoto, A Waddell, P Yanny, B Zheng, W AF Richards, GT Fan, XH Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Strauss, MA York, DG Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Crocker, JH Csabai, I Doi, M Finkbeiner, D Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH McKay, TA Meiksin, A Merrelli, A Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Pier, JR Pope, A Richmond, MW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y Stoughton, C Stubbs, C Rao, MS Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tremonti, C Uomoto, A Waddell, P Yanny, B Zheng, W TI Colors of 2625 quasars at 0 < z < 5 measured in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric system SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys ID HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; FIELD MULTICOLOR SURVEY; HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; SPECTROSCOPIC CCD SURVEYS; OPTICALLY SELECTED QSOS; GRISM SURVEY CATALOG; STELLAR OBJECTS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EQUATORIAL STRIPE AB We present an empirical investigation of the colors of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometric system. The sample studied includes 2625 quasars with SDSS photometry: 1759 quasars found during SDSS spectroscopic commissioning and SDSS follow-up observations on other telescopes, 50 matches to FIRST quasars, 573 matches to quasars from the NASA Extragalactic Database, and 243 quasars from two or more of these sources. The quasars are distributed in a wide stripe centered on 2.degrees5 the celestial equator covering similar to 529 deg(2). Positions (accurate to and SDSS magnitudes are given for 0."2) the 898 quasars known prior to SDSS spectroscopic commissioning. New SDSS quasars, which range in brightness from i* = 15.39 to the photometric magnitude limit of the survey, represent an increase of over 200% in the number of known quasars in this area of the sky. The ensemble average of the observed colors of quasars in the SDSS passbands are well represented by a power-law continuum with and are close to those predicted by previous simulations. However, the contributions a(nu) = 0.5 (f(nu) proportional to nu (alpha)) of the "small blue (or lambda 3000) bump" and other strong emission lines have a significant effect upon the colors. The color-redshift relation exhibits considerable structure, which may be of use in determining photometric redshifts for quasars from their colors alone. The range of colors at a given redshift can generally be accounted for by a range in the optical spectral index with a distribution alpha (nu) = -0.5 +/- 0.65 (95% confidence), but there is a red tail in the distribution. This tail may be a sign of internal reddening, especially since fainter objects at a given redshift tend to exhibit redder colors than the average. Finally, we show that there is a continuum of properties between quasars and Seyfert galaxies, and we test the validity of the traditional dividing line (M(B) = -23) between the two classes of active galactic nuclei. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Richards, GT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 71 TC 169 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2308 EP 2330 DI 10.1086/320392 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 430UA UT WOS:000168592800004 ER PT J AU Castander, FJ Nichol, RC Merrelli, A Burles, S Pope, A Connolly, AJ Uomoto, A Gunn, JE Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Carey, L Crocker, JH Csabai, I Doi, M Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Friedman, SD Hilton, EJ Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Macgillivray, H Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newcomb, M Okamura, S Owen, R Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Seigmund, W Smee, S Snir, Y Starkman, L Stoughton, C Szokoly, GP Stubbs, C Rao, MS Szalay, A Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Waddell, P Yanny, B York, DG AF Castander, FJ Nichol, RC Merrelli, A Burles, S Pope, A Connolly, AJ Uomoto, A Gunn, JE Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Carey, L Crocker, JH Csabai, I Doi, M Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Friedman, SD Hilton, EJ Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Macgillivray, H Meiksin, A Munn, JA Newcomb, M Okamura, S Owen, R Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Seigmund, W Smee, S Snir, Y Starkman, L Stoughton, C Szokoly, GP Stubbs, C Rao, MS Szalay, A Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Waddell, P Yanny, B York, DG TI The first hour of extragalactic data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopic commissioning: The Coma cluster SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : individual (Coma); galaxies : fundamental parameters; methods : data analysis ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALAXY SPECTRA; DISTANT CLUSTERS; REDSHIFT SURVEY; RICH CLUSTERS; XMM-NEWTON AB On 1999 May 26, one of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) fiber-fed spectrographs saw astronomical first light. This was followed by the first spectroscopic commissioning run during the dark period of 1999 June. We present here the first hour of extragalactic spectroscopy taken during these early commissioning stages : an observation of the Coma cluster of galaxies. Our data samples the southern part of this cluster, out to a radius of 1.degrees5 (1.8 h(-1) Mpc, approximately to the virial radius) and thus fully covers the NGC 4839 group. We outline in this paper the main characteristics of the SDSS spectroscopic systems and provide redshifts and spectral classifications for 196 Coma galaxies, of which 45 redshifts are new. For the 151 galaxies in common with the literature, we find excellent agreement between our redshift determinations and the published values, e.g., for the largest homogeneous sample of galaxies in common (63 galaxies observed by Colless & Dunn) we find a mean offset of 3 km s(-1) and an rms scatter of only 24 km s(-1). As part of our analysis, we have investigated four different spectral classification algorithms : measurements of the spectral line strengths, a principal component decomposition, a wavelet analysis and the fitting of spectral synthesis models to the data. We find that these classification schemes are in broad agreement and can provide physical insight into the evolutionary histories of our cluster galaxies. We find that a significant fraction (25%) of our observed Coma galaxies show signs of recent star formation activity and that the velocity dispersion of these active galaxies (emission-line and poststarburst galaxies) is 30% larger than the absorption-line galaxies. We also find no active galaxies within the central (projected) 200 h(-1) kpc of the cluster. The spatial distribution of our Coma active galaxies is consistent with that found at higher redshift for the CNOC1 cluster survey. Beyond the core region, the fraction of bright active galaxies appears to rise slowly out to the virial radius and are randomly distributed within the cluster with no apparent correlation with the potential merger or postmerger of the NGC 4839 group. We briefly discuss possible origins of this recent galaxy star formation. C1 Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Castander, FJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 65 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2331 EP 2357 DI 10.1086/320384 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 430UA UT WOS:000168592800005 ER PT J AU Blanton, MR Dalcanton, J Eisenstein, D Loveday, J Strauss, MA Rao, MS Weinberg, DH Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Finkbeiner, D Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogg, DW Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Meiksin, A Merelli, A Munn, JA Narayanan, V Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Okamura, S Owen, R Pier, JR Pope, A Postman, M Quinn, T Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y Stoughton, C Stubbs, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Yanny, B Yasuda, N York, DG AF Blanton, MR Dalcanton, J Eisenstein, D Loveday, J Strauss, MA Rao, MS Weinberg, DH Anderson, JE Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Finkbeiner, D Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogg, DW Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Meiksin, A Merelli, A Munn, JA Narayanan, V Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Okamura, S Owen, R Pier, JR Pope, A Postman, M Quinn, T Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y Stoughton, C Stubbs, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Yanny, B Yasuda, N York, DG TI The luminosity function of galaxies in SDSS commissioning data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; CAMPANAS REDSHIFT SURVEY; LOCAL SPACE DENSITY; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; BAND PHOTOMETRY; DWARF GALAXIES; FIELD; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE AB In the course of its commissioning observations, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has produced one of the largest redshift samples of galaxies selected from CCD images. Using 11,275 galaxies complete to r* = 17.6 over 140 deg(2), we compute the luminosity function of galaxies in the r* band over a range (for h = 1 ). The result is well-described by a Schechter function with parameters phi (*) = (1.46 +/- 0.12) x 10(-2) h(3) Mpc(-3), M-* = -20.83 +/- 0.03, and alpha = -120 +/- 0.03. The implied luminosity density in r* is j approximate to (2.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(8)h L. Mpc(-3). We find that the surface brightness selection threshold has a negligible impact for M-r* < -18. Using subsets of the data, we measure the luminosity function in the u*, g*, i*, and z* bands as well; the slope at low luminosities ranges from = -1.35 to alpha = -1.2. We measure the bivariate distribution of r* luminosity with half-light surface brightness, intrinsic g*-r* color, and morphology. In agreement with previous studies, we find that high surface brightness, red, highly concentrated galaxies are on average more luminous than low surface brightness, blue, less concentrated galaxies. An important feature of the SDSS luminosity function is the use of Petrosian magnitudes, which measure a constant fraction of a galaxy's total light regardless of the amplitude of its surface brightness profile. If we synthesize results for R-GKC band or b(j) band using these Petrosian magnitudes, we obtain luminosity densities 2 times that found by the Las Campanas Redshift Survey in R-GKC and 1.4 times that found by the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey in b(j). However, we are able to reproduce the luminosity functions obtained by these surveys if we also mimic their isophotal limits for defining galaxy magnitudes, which are shallower and more redshift dependent than the Petrosian magnitudes used by the SDSS. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Blanton, MR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 63 TC 501 Z9 501 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2358 EP 2380 DI 10.1086/320405 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 430UA UT WOS:000168592800006 ER PT J AU de Vegt, C Hindsley, R Zacharias, N Winter, L AF de Vegt, C Hindsley, R Zacharias, N Winter, L TI A catalog of faint reference stars in 398 fields of extragalactic radio reference frame sources SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs ID OPTICAL POSITIONS AB Positions of 89,422 stars in 398 fields of extragalactic reference frame sources have been determined using the Hamburg Zone Astrograph (northern hemisphere) and the US Naval Observatory Twin Astrograph, then stationed at the Black Birch Astrometric Observatory, New Zealand (southern hemisphere). Most stars are in the magnitude range 12 less than or equal to V less than or equal to 14, and the positions are accurate to approximate to 50 mas per coordinate at the epoch of observation, which ranges from the beginning of 1976 to the end of 1991. The catalog (ERLcat) is available on-line from USNO. C1 Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP de Vegt, C (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. EM nz@pisces.usno.navy.mil NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2815 EP 2818 DI 10.1086/320386 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 430UA UT WOS:000168592800044 ER PT J AU Castro-Tirado, AJ Sokolov, VV Gorosabel, J Ceron, JMC Greiner, J Wijers, RAMJ Jensen, BL Hjorth, J Toft, S Pedersen, H Palazzi, E Pian, E Masetti, N Sagar, RN Mohan, V Pandey, AK Pandey, SB Dodonov, SN Fatkhullin, TA Afanasiev, VL Komarova, VN Moiseev, AV Hudec, R Simon, V Vreeswijk, P Rol, E Klose, S Stecklum, B Zapatero-Osorio, MR Caon, N Blake, C Wall, J Heinlein, D Henden, A Benetti, S Magazzu, A Ghinassi, F Tommasi, L Bremer, M Kouveliotou, C Guziy, S Shlyapnikov, A Hopp, U Feulner, G Dreizler, S Hartmann, D Boehnhardt, H Paredes, JM Marti, J Xanthopoulos, E Kristen, HE Smoker, J Hurley, K AF Castro-Tirado, AJ Sokolov, VV Gorosabel, J Ceron, JMC Greiner, J Wijers, RAMJ Jensen, BL Hjorth, J Toft, S Pedersen, H Palazzi, E Pian, E Masetti, N Sagar, RN Mohan, V Pandey, AK Pandey, SB Dodonov, SN Fatkhullin, TA Afanasiev, VL Komarova, VN Moiseev, AV Hudec, R Simon, V Vreeswijk, P Rol, E Klose, S Stecklum, B Zapatero-Osorio, MR Caon, N Blake, C Wall, J Heinlein, D Henden, A Benetti, S Magazzu, A Ghinassi, F Tommasi, L Bremer, M Kouveliotou, C Guziy, S Shlyapnikov, A Hopp, U Feulner, G Dreizler, S Hartmann, D Boehnhardt, H Paredes, JM Marti, J Xanthopoulos, E Kristen, HE Smoker, J Hurley, K TI The extraordinarily bright optical afterglow of GRB 991208 and its host galaxy SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; galaxies : general; cosmology : observations ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; LIGHT CURVES; FIREBALL MODEL; ERROR BOX; PHOTOMETRY; GRB-990123; SUPERNOVA; DISCOVERY; EMISSION AB Broad-band optical observations of the extraordinarily bright optical afterglow of the intense gamma-rag burst GRB 991208 started similar to2.1 days after the event and continued until 4 Apr. 2000. The flux decay constant of the optic al afterglow in the R-band is -2.30 +/- 0.07 up to similar to5 days. which is very likely due to the jet effect. and it is followed by a much steeper decay with constant -3.2 +/- 0.2. the fastest one ever seen in a GRB optical afterglow. A negative detection in several all-sky films taken simultaneously with the er ent. that otherwise would have reached naked eye brightness, implies either a previous additional break prior to similar to2 days after the occurrence of the GRB (as expected from the jet effect) or a maximum, as observed in GRB 970508. The existence of a second break might indicate a steepening in the electron spectrum or the superposition of two events, resembling GRB 000301C. Once the afterglow emission vanished, contribution of a bright underlying supernova was found on the basis of the late-time R-band measurements. but the light curve is not sufficiently well sampled to rule out a dust echo explanation. Our redshift determination of z = 0.706 indicates that GRB 991208 is at 3.7 Gpc (for H-0 = 60 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega (0) = 1 and Lambda (0) = 0), implying an isotropic energy release of 1.15 10(53) erg which may. be relaxed by beaming by a factor >10(2). Precise astrometry indicates that the GRB coincides within 0.2" with the host galaxy, thus supporting a massive star origin. The absolute magnitude of the galaxy is M-B = -18.2, well below the knee of the galaxy luminosity function and we derive a star-forming rate of (11.5 +/- 7.1) M-circle dot yr(-1), which is much larger than the present-day rate in our Galaxy. The quasi simultaneous broad-band photometric spectral energy distribution of the afterglow was determined similar to3.5 day after the burst (Dec. 12.0) implying a cooling frequency ve below the optical band, i.e. supporting a jet model with p = -2.30 as the index of the power-law electron distribution. C1 CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Inst Nacl Invest Agr, LAEFF, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 357147, Russia. Danish Space Res Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Real Inst, Cadiz 11110, Spain. Observ Armada, Secc Astron, Cadiz 11110, Spain. Inst Astrophys, Potsdam, Germany. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, Copenhagen, Denmark. CNR, Ist Tecnol & Studio Radiaz Extraterr, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Uttar Pradesh State Observ, Naini Tal 263129, India. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. Anton Pannekoehk Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Thuringer Landessternwarte, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Univ Oxford, Oxford AX1 4AU, England. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, AZ USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff Stn, AZ USA. Ctr Galileo Galilei, Canary Isl, Spain. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, Grenoble, France. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Nikolaev Univ Observ, UA-327030 Nikolayev, Ukraine. Univ Sternwarte, Munich, Germany. Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Jaen, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Jaen, Spain. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Castro-Tirado, AJ (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, POB 03004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. EM ajct@laeff.esa.es RI Feulner, Georg/A-1933-2011; Moiseev, Alexey/H-9391-2013; Simon, Vojtech/G-9046-2014; Hudec, Rene/G-9018-2014; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/E-1275-2015; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; Shlyapnikov, Aleksey/Q-1646-2016; OI Magazzu, Antonio/0000-0003-1259-4371; Feulner, Georg/0000-0001-9215-5517; Benetti, Stefano/0000-0002-3256-0016; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/0000-0002-0906-9771; Shlyapnikov, Aleksey/0000-0002-2752-2429; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa/0000-0001-5664-2852; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; Paredes, Josep M./0000-0002-1566-9044; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 NR 82 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 370 IS 2 BP 398 EP 406 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 431BE UT WOS:000168611400008 ER PT J AU Jensen, BL Fynbo, JU Gorosabel, J Hjorth, J Holland, S Moller, P Thomsen, B Bjornsson, G Pedersen, H Burud, I Henden, A Tanvir, NR Davis, CJ Vreeswijk, P Rol, E Hurley, K Cline, T Trombka, J McClanahan, T Starr, R Goldsten, J Castro-Tirado, AJ Greiner, J Bailer-Jones, CAL Kummel, M Mundt, R AF Jensen, BL Fynbo, JU Gorosabel, J Hjorth, J Holland, S Moller, P Thomsen, B Bjornsson, G Pedersen, H Burud, I Henden, A Tanvir, NR Davis, CJ Vreeswijk, P Rol, E Hurley, K Cline, T Trombka, J McClanahan, T Starr, R Goldsten, J Castro-Tirado, AJ Greiner, J Bailer-Jones, CAL Kummel, M Mundt, R TI The afterglow of the short/intermediate-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 000301C: A jet at z=2.04 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; cosmology : observations; galaxies : distances and redshifts; ISM : dust, extinction; quasars : absorption lines ID LY-ALPHA ABSORBER; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; LIGHT CURVES; ERROR BOX; EMISSION; GALAXIES; ABSORPTION; SUPERNOVA; REDSHIFT; CONSTRAINTS AB We present Ulysses and NEAR data from the detection of the short or intermediate duration (2 s) gamma-ray burst GRB 000301C (2000 March 1.41 UT). The gamma-ray burst (GRB) was localised by the Inter Planetary Network (IPN) and RXTE to an area of similar to 50 arcmin(2). A fading optical counterpart was subsequently discovered with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) about 42 h after the burst. The GRB lies at the border between the long-soft and the short-hard classes of GRBs. If GRB 000301C belongs to the latter class, this would be the first detection of an afterglow to a short-hard burst. We present UBRI photometry from the time of the discovery until 11 days after the burst. We also present JHK photometry obtained with UKIRT on 2000 March 4.5 UT (3.1 days after the burst). Finally, we present spectroscopic observations of the optical afterglow obtained with the ESO VLT Antu telescope 4 and 5 days after the burst. The optical light curve is consistent with bring achromatic from 2 to 11 days after the burst and exhibits a break. A broken power-law fit yields a shallow pre-break decay power-law slope of alpha (1) = -0.72 +/- 0.06, a break time of t(break) = 4.39 +/- 0.26 days after the burst, and a post-break slope of alpha (2) = -2.29 +/- 0.17. These properties of the light curve are best explained by a sideways expanding jet in an ambient medium of constant mean density. In the optical spectrum we find absorption features that are consistent with Fe II, C IV, C II, Si II and Ly alpha at a redshift of 2.0404 +/- 0.0008. We find evidence for a curved shape of the spectral energy distribution of the observed afterglow. It is best fitted with a power-law spectral distribution with index beta similar to -0.7 reddened by an SMC-like extinction law with A(v) similar to 0.1 mag. Based on the Ly alpha absorption line we estimate the H I column density to be log(N(HI)) = 21.2 +/- 0.5. This is the first direct indication of a connection between GRB host galaxies and Damped Ly alpha Absorbers. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Danish Space Res Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. INTA, LAEFF, Madrid 28040, Spain. CSIC, IAA, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Inst Astrophys, Potsdam, Germany. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Jensen, BL (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM brian_j@astro.ku.dk RI McClanahan, Timothy/C-8164-2012; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/E-1275-2015; OI Jensen, Brian Lindgren/0000-0002-0906-9771; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563 NR 79 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 370 IS 3 BP 909 EP 922 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 453WX UT WOS:000169942100013 ER PT J AU Binello, AM Landi, E Mason, HE Storey, PJ Brosius, JW AF Binello, AM Landi, E Mason, HE Storey, PJ Brosius, JW TI A comparison between theoretical and solar Fe XII UV line intensity ratios SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : general; atomic data; UV Sun : radiations; plasmas ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; ACTIVE-REGION; ATOMIC DATA; EMISSION-LINES; IRON PROJECT; DENSITY DIAGNOSTICS; SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS AB A new set of radiative and electron collisional data for Fe XII was presented in two earlier papers. In the present work, rye derive level populations and theoretical line intensities for a range of plasma densities and temperatures. Observations of Fe XII lines obtained with the Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph are analysed both as a check the quality of the new atomic data and to determine the electron density in active regions and the quiet Sun. The discrepancy between the electron density values determined from Fe XII line intensity ratios and those obtained from other ions is investigated. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Raytheon ITSS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM landi@poppeo.nrl.navy.mil RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 370 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1087 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 453WX UT WOS:000169942100031 ER PT J AU Friedman, PD Winthrop, AL Katz, J AF Friedman, PD Winthrop, AL Katz, J TI Droplet formation and size distributions from an immiscible interface impinged with a vertical negatively buoyant jet SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY INTERFACE; BREAKUP; FLOW AB When upward-flowing water jet impinges on an interface with an immiscible layer of lighter oil above it. the jet momentum lifts the interface and forms a cavity. Below a threshold based on Richardson number (Ri) and Reynolds number (Re), no droplets form. Above this threshold, oil drops are formed two Richardson number-dependent mechanisms. At high Richardson number, an oil lip created at the edge of the cavity detaches to form oil droplets in the looter below. At lower Richardson number, the water cavity becomes unstable and alternately collapses and reforms. As the collapsing cavity impacts the interface, it drags down fingers of the upper oil layer, which break into oil droplets. This article contains extensive droplet size distributions for varying Richardson number and Reynolds number and discusses the effects of varying viscosity ratio (eta) and Morton number (Mo). Droplet sizes exhibit polydisperse log-normal distributions with mode diameters ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 mm. Characteristic diameters decrease primarily with increasing Re-3/Ri, and to a lesser extent with decreasing viscosity ratio. Droplet distributions resulting front the lip pinch-off mechanism have a larger characteristic diameter than those formed by the cavity collapse mechanism. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Friedman, PD (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 269 EP 290 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 450WX UT WOS:000169768800004 ER PT J AU Honegger, B AF Honegger, B TI School of Aviation Safety fights civilian airline accidents SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Honegger, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 72 IS 5 BP 500 EP 500 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 427CX UT WOS:000168388200015 PM 11346019 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Giermakowska, WK Wallace, MR Jensen, FC Maigetter, RZ Carlo, DJ AF Moss, RB Giermakowska, WK Wallace, MR Jensen, FC Maigetter, RZ Carlo, DJ TI Expression of perforin on HIV-1-specific CD8(+) lymphocytes after immunization with a gp120-depleted, whole-killed HIV-1 immunogen SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD8; HIV-1; immunogen; perforin ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; T-CELLS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CYTOKINE SYNTHESIS; TYPE-1 IMMUNOGEN; INFECTION; MEMORY; CD4(+); HETEROGENEITY AB We examined HIV-1 antigen specific intracellular expression of perforin on CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes in subjects with chronic HIV-1 infection on antiviral drug therapy after immunization with a gp120-depleted, whole killed HIV-1 immunogen (inactivated, gp120-depleted HIV-1 in IFA, Remune). Based upon previous results, we hypothesized that the restoration of adequate T helper immune responses by vaccination against HIV-1 could result in the augmentation of CD8(+) lymphocyte immune responses measured as perforin expression. In the current study we observed an increase in the frequency of perforin in CD8(+) lymphocytes in HIV infected individuals immunized with a gp120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen while on antiviral drug therapy. Furthermore, the frequency of HIV-specific CD8(+) perforin expressing cells correlated with the T helper immune response as measured by the lymphocyte proliferative response (LPR). The induction of such responses with immunization may have direct antiviral consequences and is being studied inm ongoing clinical trials. C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USN Hosp, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Moss, RB (reprint author), Immune Response Corp, 5935 Darwin Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 124 IS 2 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01534.x PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 447MD UT WOS:000169576400011 PM 11422201 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Holland, KT AF Puleo, JA Holland, KT TI Estimating swash zone friction coefficients on a sandy beach SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE swash zone; friction; swash trajectory; ballistic motion ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SLOPING BEACH; WAVE UPRUSH; FIELD; FLOW; BED; TURBULENCE; MODELS AB Video-based swash motions from three studies (on two separate beaches) were analyzed with respect to theoretical swash trajectories assuming plane beach ballistic motions under quadratic friction. Friction coefficient values for both the uprush and backwash were estimated by comparing measured swash space-time trajectories to these theoretical expectations given an initial velocity and beach slope. Observations were made spanning high tides, and in one case, during a light rain. Analysis of over 4500 individual swash events showed that the uprush friction coefficient was nearly constant during all three studies with a mean value of roughly 0.007 and showed no trends over a tidal cycle, In contrast, backwash friction coefficient values varied over the tidal cycles ranging between 0.01 and 0.07 with minimum values corresponding to the highest tides. Although these values are close to the theoretical estimates based on a Law of the Wall formulation and values commonly referenced in the literature, these observations show a consistent tendency for backwash friction estimates to greatly exceed uprush friction estimates, The disparity between uprush and backwash friction coefficients can be partially attributed to the exclusion of a pressure gradient term in the ballistic model. However, results indicate that backwash friction coefficients adjusted to account for this effect may be three times larger than the uprush friction values during lower tides. This tidal dependence for backwash friction coefficients is attributed to a complex interaction between swash infiltration and entrained sediment loads. These findings imply that friction estimates (necessary for sediment transport calculations and hydrodynamic predictions) based solely on grain roughness may not be correct for backwash flows. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Marine Geosci, Code 7440-3,Bldg 2438, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 52 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0378-3839(01)00004-7 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 423DH UT WOS:000168159800002 ER PT J AU Boyle, MP Roberts, JC Wienhold, PD Bao, G White, GJ AF Boyle, MP Roberts, JC Wienhold, PD Bao, G White, GJ TI Experimental, numerical, and analytical results for buckling and post-buckling of orthotropic rectangular sandwich panels SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design and Manufacturing of Composite Structures CY NOV 05-10, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE buckling; finite element analysis; post-buckling; sandwich panel; SCRIMP; VARTM ID PLATES AB Rectangular orthotropic sandwich fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) panels were tested for buckling in uniaxial compression. The panels, with either balsa or linear PVC foam cores, were tested in two sizes: 183 cm x 92 cm (72 in. x 36 in.) and 122 cm x 92 cm (48 in. x 36 in.) for aspect ratios of 2.0 and 1.3, respectively. The sandwich panels were fabricated using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. The two short edges of the sandwich panels were clamped, while the two long edges were simply supported. The experimental elastic buckling loads of panels with an aspect ratio of 1.3 were 400 kN (90 Mb) for balsa core panels and 267 kN (60 klb) for foam core panels. For balsa and foam core panels with an aspect ratio 2.0, the experimental buckling loads were 334 kN (75 klb) and 240 kN (54 klb), respectively. Experimental buckling results for balsa core panels of both sizes differed by 5-8% from numerical and analytical results. Differences in experimental and predicted buckling loads for foam core panels ranged between 15% and 23%. Post-buckling collapse of balsa and foam core panels with an aspect ratio of 1.3 were 694 kN (156 klb) and 347 kN (78 klb), respectively. For balsa and foam core panels with an aspect ratio of 2.0, post-buckling collapse occurred at 592 kN (133 Mb) and 334 kN (75 klb), respectively. A numerical post-buckling analysis qualitatively followed that of the experimental results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Boyle, MP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Roberts, Jack/A-6660-2009 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00028-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 433HK UT WOS:000168753800012 ER PT J AU Guo, WZ Galoppini, E Gilardi, R Rydja, GI Chen, YH AF Guo, WZ Galoppini, E Gilardi, R Rydja, GI Chen, YH TI Weak intermolecular interactions in the crystal structures of molecules with tetrahedral symmetry: Diamondoid nets and other motifs SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CENTER-DOT-PI; SOLID-STATE STRUCTURES; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SUPRAMOLECULAR SYNTHONS; NETWORKS; POLYMERS; DESIGN; INTERCHANGEABILITY; COORDINATION; ARCHITECTURE AB Motif-forming characteristics of weak intermolecular interactions (Br....Br, Cequivalent toCH...Cequivalent toC, and Cequivalent toCBr....Cequivalent toC) were examined in the solid state structures, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, of tetraphenylmethane and 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyladamantane derivatives substituted at the four vertices with bromo, ethynyl, bromoethynyl, and 1,3-diethynyl groups. The crystals of the bromo- and ethynyl-substituted tetraphenylmethane derivatives exhibited triply interwoven diamondoid lattices sustained by weak interactions between bromo and ethynyl groups. It was observed that when bromo- and ethynyl groups are interchanged in these compounds, their solid-state structures did not change significantly. The crystals of tetrakis(4-bromoethynyphenyl)methane, as well as 1,4- and 1,3,5-bromoethynylbenzene, were sustained by rare, T-shaped Cequivalent toCBr....Cequivalent toC contacts, but a comparison between these solid-state structures showed significant differences. All terminal 1,3-diynes were unstable compounds that decomposed rapidly. In general, it was observed that tetrahedral building blocks with a larger tetrahedral core, such as adamantane, formed disordered structures or fragile, highly solvated crystals. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Galoppini, E (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, 73 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM galoppin@andromeda.rutgers.edu NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 1 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1021/cg005531d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 519CK UT WOS:000173707200011 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS AF Johnstone, PAS TI The clinical pharmacology of the oral fluoropyrimidines - Foreword SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 25 IS 3 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 446ME UT WOS:000169516400001 ER PT J AU Cherkashev, GA Tamaki, K Baranov, BV German, K Gusev, EA Egorov, AV Zhirnov, EA Crane, K Kurevits, D Okino, K Sato, H Sushchevskaya, NM AF Cherkashev, GA Tamaki, K Baranov, BV German, K Gusev, EA Egorov, AV Zhirnov, EA Crane, K Kurevits, D Okino, K Sato, H Sushchevskaya, NM TI The Knipovich Ridge rift zone: Evidence from the Knipovich-2000 expedition SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 Inst Geol & Mineral Resources World Ocean, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117851, Russia. Empress Dock, Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. USN, Res Lab, Hunter Coll, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, VI Vernadskii Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow 117975, Russia. RP Cherkashev, GA (reprint author), Inst Geol & Mineral Resources World Ocean, Angliiskii Pr 1, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. RI Gusev, Evgeny/C-5156-2012; Cherkashov, Georgy/N-6949-2013 OI Gusev, Evgeny/0000-0001-6045-0730; Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 378 IS 4 BP 420 EP 423 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 449MD UT WOS:000169688200010 ER PT J AU Earhart, KC Beadle, C Miller, LK Pruss, MW Gray, GC Ledbetter, EK Wallace, MR AF Earhart, KC Beadle, C Miller, LK Pruss, MW Gray, GC Ledbetter, EK Wallace, MR TI Outbreak of influenza in highly vaccinated crew of US Navy ship SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASES AB An outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) occurred aboard a U.S. Navy ship in February 1996, despite 95% of the crew's having been appropriately vaccinated. Virus isolated from ill crew members was antigenically distinct from the vaccination strain. With an attack rate of 42%, this outbreak demonstrates the potential for rapid spread of influenza in a confined population and the impact subsequent illness may have upon the workplace. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Earhart, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 9 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 7 IS 3 BP 463 EP 465 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 436TP UT WOS:000168952200020 PM 11384530 ER PT J AU Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL AF Joyce, JA Tregoning, RL TI Development of the T-0 reference temperature from precracked Charpy specimens SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fracture; fracture toughness; fracture mechanics; constraint; master curve; T-0 reference temperature; cleavage; ductile fracture; ductile-to-brittle transition ID TRANSITION REGION; FRACTURE AB The master curve approach specified within the new ASTM E1921 Test Standard is a significant advance in defining an indexing temperature, T-0, the median fracture toughness, and associated failure probability bounds for ferritic steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime. An objective in developing: this standard test procedure has been that it should, if possible, allow the use of precracked Charpy-size specimens to measure T-0 and the associated fracture performance. However, the supporting technical basis document for E1921 [NUREG/CR-5504, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, November 1998] presents no experimental evidence which demonstrates the accuracy of T-0 estimates from precracked Charpy specimens. There was also little independent experimental verification presented [NUREG/GR-5504, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, November 1998] to support the limiting deformation criterion (M = 30) contained in the standard. Computational and analytical support [NUREG/CR-5504, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, November 1998] of the deformation criterion for precracked Charpy specimens is also lacking. The most applicable recent computational work by Ruggieri and Dodds [Engng. Frac. Mech. 60 (1) (1998) 19] supports a deformation criterion that is almost twice as stringent as the E1921 standard to ensure that constraint loss does not occur. Historically, constraint loss has been evaluated far individual specimens, while E1921 implicitly only requires that constraint loss does not significantly alter the median toughness. This work experimentally evaluates the use of precracked Charpy specimens to estimate T-0 by comparing results obtained on both precracked. Charpy and 1T (or larger) fracture toughness measurements. The data demonstrate that the Charpy-size specimens tend to have a non-conservative bias, even when the data fall within the allowable E1921 deformation criterion. This effect may be a function of the degree of crack tip constraint loss, which strongly depends on the material flow properties. An attempt is made to correct for any constraint loss in the Charpy-size specimen and remove any bias in the measured T-0 using a simple constant stressed volume cleavage failure criterion [Int. J. Frac. 74 (1995) 131]. While this method does decrease the difference between T-0 values measured using Charpy and conventional 1T specimens, more detailed cleavage initiation models which can be independently calibrated will be required to rigorously account for any constraint differences between Charpy and larger specimens. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, W Bethesda, MD USA. RP Joyce, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 68 IS 7 BP 861 EP 894 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(00)00135-1 PG 34 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 425WA UT WOS:000168313600002 ER PT J AU Coakley, DB Haldeman, PM Morgan, DG Nicolas, KR Penndorf, DR Wetzel, LB Weller, CS AF Coakley, DB Haldeman, PM Morgan, DG Nicolas, KR Penndorf, DR Wetzel, LB Weller, CS TI Electromagnetic scattering from large steady breaking waves SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID RADAR BACKSCATTER AB A submerged hydrofoil generated large steady breaking waves of 0.3 m and 0.4 m height in a circulating water channel. We measured water fraction in the breakers with conductivity probes. We observed the radar cross-section of the breakers at X-band with a pulsed step-frequency instrumentation radar with high spatial resolution in the downstream direction. The normalized radar cross-section increases with increasing elevation angle of observation for both vertical and horizontal polarization. This variation is consistent with a simple interpretation of the breaking wave as a diffuse (Lambertian) surface. However, the observed sizes and shapes of fluid elements in the breakers clearly show that construction of a theory for electromagnetic scattering from first principles will be challenging. We also obtained the velocity spectrum of the scattering features within the breakers. This spectrum indicates that slower moving small liquid elements rather than the faster moving large disturbances are responsible for most of the electromagnetic scattering. C1 Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP Nicolas, KR (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, David Taylor Model Basin, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAY PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 479 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s003480000220 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 434CY UT WOS:000168798600001 ER PT J AU Knutson, EM AF Knutson, EM TI Fostering student-student interaction in a whole group setting (In the field of second language acquisition) SO FRENCH REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CLASSROOM C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Knutson, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSN TEACH FRENCH PI CHAMPAIGN PA 57 EAST ARMORY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1138 EP 1151 PG 14 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 430LC UT WOS:000168574500004 ER PT J AU Pomije, BD Huh, CH Tressler, MA Hintenlang, DE Bolch, WE AF Pomije, BD Huh, CH Tressler, MA Hintenlang, DE Bolch, WE TI Comparison of angular free-in-air and tissue-equivalent phantom response measurements in p-MOSFET dosimeters SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE phantom; tissue equivalence; dosimetry, internal; x rays ID RADIATION DOSIMETER; DETECTOR AB Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) radiation dosimeters have found recent application in providing real-time measurement in diagnostic radiology as well as in radiotherapy. Due to the design of the MOSFET dosimeter, the response is dependent on both energy and angulation with respect to the direction of primary radiation, The axial angular dependence has been characterized for both free-in-air and for tissue-equivalent phantoms, However, neither the angular dependence normal (90-degree) to the axial rotation, nor the effects of various tissue compositions on angular dependence, have been investigated for radiation energies in the diagnostic range. To characterize the angular dependence normal to the axial rotation, we exposed three "high sensitivity" MOSFET dosimeters simultaneously to x-rays from a medical diagnostic x-ray unit over a 360-degree rotation, at 22.5-degree increments, for both free-in-air and in lung, skeletal, and soft tissue-equivalent phantoms, The MOSFET dosimeters clearly showed an angular dependence in the orientation normal-to-axial as well as in the axial rotation, both for free-in-air and in tissue-equivalent phantoms, Significant variations in response occurred when the MOSFETs were exposed at incident angles between 90 degrees and 180 degrees normal-to-axial, as compared to the normal position (i,e,, the zero-degree position with the bubble-side of the MOSFETs facing the radiation source). A maximum decrease in response to 32% of normal was observed when the distal ends tend opposite the wire lead) of the dosimeters were pointing directly away from the x-ray source (270-degree position), To avoid significant errors in MOSFET dosimeter readings, placement of the dosimeters should be consistent, and care should be taken to avoid orienting the dosimeter with its sensitive region (bubble side) facing away from the source of primary radiation at particular angles. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Nucl Sci Ctr 202, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 80 IS 5 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1097/00004032-200105000-00011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 421KV UT WOS:000168064300011 PM 11316081 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Perry, HM Burke, WD AF Johnson, DR Perry, HM Burke, WD TI Developing jellyfish strategy hypotheses using circulation models SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Scyphozoa; Chrysaora quinquecirrha; ocean circulation; numerical modeling; distribution ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; MISSISSIPPI BIGHT; SEA NETTLE; ABUNDANCE; PREDATION; MEXICO; SHELF; GULF AB Little information exists relating life histories of jellyfish species to ocean currents. Successful cycling from sessile polyp to mature jellyfish and back must doubtlessly rely on circulation patterns that serve to retain the species in an optimum environment or disperse the species for other adaptive advantages. In this study, current vectors from a high resolution numerical model of the Gulf of Mexico are applied to a simple advection scheme to develop estimates of time and distance scales from probable polyp habitats to areas in which mature scyphomedusae are observed in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Although seasonal patterns of wind stress form the basis for circulation processes that favour shoreward distribution of medusae of oceanic origin, this dynamic may be altered by deep basin events that occur during critical life history stages. Inter-annual differences in distributional patterns of the sea nettle, Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor 1848), in Mississippi coastal waters could be explained by Loop Current processes that alter shelf circulation in the Mississippi Bight. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Inst Marine Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY PY 2001 VL 451 IS 1-3 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1023/A:1011880121265 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 472CC UT WOS:000170964800017 ER PT J AU Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J AF Huang, L Massa, L Karle, J TI Quantum crystallography, a developing area of computational chemistry extending to macromolecules SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CONQUER APPROACH; MOLECULES; DENSITY; ATOMS AB We describe the concept of quantum crystallography (QCr) and present examples of its potential as a technique for facilitating computational chemistry, particularly, applications of quantum mechanics. Structural information has been used to facilitate quantum-mechanical calculations for several decades. Recent advances in theory and computational facilities have led to research opportunities that could be considered only in the past several years. We focus on the feasibility of applications of quantum mechanics to macromolecules. The approach used involves the concept of calculations based on fragments of molecules. The method for constructing fragments, their composition, and how they are assembled to form a projector matrix are discussed without the introduction of mathematical detail. Papers that provide the theoretical basis for QCr and our method for making fragment calculations are referenced, and some initial calculations are described here. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA OLD ORCHARD RD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD MAY-JUL PY 2001 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 415 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 457UE UT WOS:000170154600004 ER PT J AU Kapetanakos, CA Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Hubbard, RF Ting, A AF Kapetanakos, CA Hafizi, B Sprangle, P Hubbard, RF Ting, A TI Progress in the development of a high average power ultra-broadband infrared radiation source SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE broadband; high average power; laser; nonlinear optics; remote sensing ID CARBON-MONOXIDE LASER; MODULATIONAL INSTABILITY; CO LASER; OPTICAL PULSES; GLASS-FIBER; GENERATION; DELIVERY AB This paper describes numerical and analytical studies on the optimization of the ultra-broadband infrared (IR) source, a novel high average-power device [1]. The main objective of current studies was the reduction of weight, size, and cost of the system by devising a scheme to generate the two closely spaced radiation lines with a single laser driver instead of the two CO2 transversely excited atmospheric pressure (TEA) lasers envisioned in the initial work. By inducing the modulation instability in nonlinear media, we have obtained as good or better results as in our previous studies but with one of the TEA lasers replaced by a very low-power driver that provides the seed radiation for the excitation of the instability. Even more importantly, we have demonstrated that the second high peak-power TEA laser can be replaced by a compact, light weight, low peak-power driver by focusing the radiation to a tighter spot. The average power of the source is maintained at the previous level by operating at higher duty factor, In the new low-peak-power operating regime, the output spectrum is very similar to that of the high-power regime, provided that the ratio of the peak power to the nonlinear length that scales proportionally to the area of the laser spot remains fixed. C1 LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kapetanakos, CA (reprint author), LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 641 EP 652 DI 10.1109/3.918576 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 426PX UT WOS:000168358500004 ER PT J AU O'Brien, RT Iglesias, PA AF O'Brien, RT Iglesias, PA TI On the poles and zeros of linear, time-varying systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article ID CANCELLATIONS; MATRIX AB Definition of poles and zeros are presented for continuous-time, linear, time-varying systems. For a linear, time-varying state equation, a set of time-varying poles defines a stability-preserving variable change relating the original state equation to an upper triangular state equation, A zero is a function of time corresponding to an exponential input whose transmission to the output is blocked. Both definitions are shown to be generalizations of existing definitions of poles and zeros for linear, time-varying systems and are consistent with the definitions for linear, time-invariant systems. A computation procedure is presented using a QR decomposition of the transition matrix for the state equation. A numerical example is given to illustrate this procedure. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP O'Brien, RT (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Iglesias, Pablo/A-5202-2008 OI Iglesias, Pablo/0000-0002-0840-155X NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1549-8328 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 48 IS 5 BP 565 EP 577 DI 10.1109/81.922459 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 431GC UT WOS:000168622600006 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN Scaller, RR AF Kostoff, RN Scaller, RR TI Science and technology roadmaps SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bibliometrics; citation; co-citation; co-occurrence; co-word; decision aids; patent citation; retrospective analyses; roadmapping; roadmaps; science and technology; technology insertion; technology strategy; technology transfer ID TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE; DATABASE TOMOGRAPHY AB Science and technology (S&T) roadmaps are used in industry, government, and academia to portray the structural relationships among science, technology and applications. Roadmaps are employed as decision aids to improve coordination of activities and resources in increasingly complex and uncertain environments. Specific uses of roadmaps include: S&T management including strategy, planning, executing, reviewing, and transitioning; S&T marketing; enhancing communications among researchers, technologists, product managers, suppliers, users, and other stakeholders; identifying gaps and opportunities in S&T programs; and identifying obstacles to rapid and low-cost product development. S&T managers also use roadmaps to help identify those S&T areas that have high potential promise, and to accelerate the transfer of the S&T to eventual products, However, there has been little attention paid to the practice of roadmapping in the published literature. This paper is a first attempt to bring some common definition to roadmapping practices and display the underlying unity of seemingly fragmented roadmap approaches. The paper begins with generic roadmap definitions, including a taxonomy of roadmaps that attempts to better classify and unify the broad spectrum of roadmap objectives and uses. Characteristics of retrospective and prospective roadmaps are then identified and analyzed, as well as summary characteristics of bibliometric-based S&T mapping techniques. The roadmap construction process, including fundamental principles for constructing high-quality roadmaps, is presented in detail. C1 US Dept Navy, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Publ Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), US Dept Navy, Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 59 TC 226 Z9 239 U1 9 U2 191 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 48 IS 2 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1109/17.922473 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 431FG UT WOS:000168620700002 ER PT J AU Withers, WD AF Withers, WD TI A rapid probability estimator and binary arithmetic coder SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE algorithms; arithmetic coding; data compression; entropy coding ID COMPRESSION AB We present a new integrated algorithm fur binary arithmetic coding and probability estimation, competitive in speed and compression performance with state-of-the-art algorithms such as the QM-coder and Z-coder. The chief innovation is representing the bracketing interval width both directly and by a logarithmic approximation. Performance is evaluated by experiments using bilevel-image data sets. An open-source software version is available. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Pegasus Imaging Corp Imagetech, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM wdw@nadn.navy.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9448 EI 1557-9654 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD MAY PY 2001 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1533 EP 1537 DI 10.1109/18.923733 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 433ZL UT WOS:000168790600019 ER PT J AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, PM TI A modified Baum-Welch algorithm for hidden Markov models with multiple observation spaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Baum-Welch algorithm; class-specific; EM algorithm; expectation-maximization; Gaussian mixtures; hidden Markov model (HMM); parameter estimation; sufficient statistics ID CHAINS AB In this paper, we derive an algorithm similar to the well-known Baum-Welch algorithm for estimating the parameters of a hidden Markov model (HMM). The new algorithm allows the observation PDF of each state to be defined and estimated using: a different feature set, we show that estimating parameters in this manner is equivalent to maximizing the likelihood function for the standard parameterization of the HMM defined on the input data space, The processor becomes optimal if the state-dependent feature sets are sufficient statistics to distinguish each state individually from a common state. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1063-6676 J9 IEEE T SPEECH AUDI P JI IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 9 IS 4 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1109/89.917686 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 422VV UT WOS:000168140700010 ER PT J AU Villinger, F Bostik, P Mayne, A King, CL Genain, CP Weiss, WR Ansari, AA AF Villinger, F Bostik, P Mayne, A King, CL Genain, CP Weiss, WR Ansari, AA TI Cloning, sequencing, and homology analysis of nonhuman primate Fas/Fas-ligand and co-stimulatory molecules SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE nonhuman primate; co-stimulatory molecule; FAS; B7; CTLA-4 ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED FORM; RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-12; CD40 LIGAND; RHESUS-MONKEYS; FAS LIGAND; COSTIMULATORY MOLECULES; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; BETA-CHEMOKINES; IG SUPERFAMILY AB The finding that a single administration of select recombinant human cytokines to nonhuman primates leads to potent cytokine -neutralizing antibody responses in the heterologous host despite > 95% homology at the nucleotide and protein level prompted our laboratory to clone, sequence, and prepare recombinant nonhuman primate cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other immunoregulatory molecules. In the present report, we present findings on the gene sequences encoding the nonhuman primate homologues of human CD80, CD86, their ligands CD28 and CD152, CD154, CD95, and CD95-L from rhesus macaques and for phylogenetic analysis from pig-tailed macaques, African sooty mangabey monkeys, baboons, and vervets as well as select molecules from the New World aotus and marmoset monkeys. With the exception of CD95, the homology between nonhuman primate and human co-stimulatory molecules was above 95%. In contrast, CD95 was only 89.2% homologous to human CD95, but the differences were essentially found in the transmembrane and intracellular (death) domains. The extracellular portion of CD95 was more homologous which was in accordance with approximately 98% homology between Old World monkey and human CD95-L. In general, sequences from the New World monkey species appeared equidistant to sequences from Old World species and humans in terms of homology suggesting distinct evolutionary patterns. Of interest was the isolation of various splice variants of monkey CD86, CD152 (CTLA-4), CD154, and CD95 transcripts. This is also the first report documenting the occurrence of natural CD86 variants with deleted transmembrane domains, found both in sooty mangabeys and baboon RNA samples. Monkey CD95 showed various deletions and addition of residues in the transmembrane and intracytoplasmic domains compared with human CD95 and between Old and New World species. Subcloning of rhesus CD154 into an expression vector demonstrated expression of a functional protein in cell culture. The other genes are being cloned into expression vectors for the preparation and biological characterization of the nonhuman primate molecules. These investigations will provide novel reagents for in vivo use as immunomodulatory reagents in nonhuman primates in studies which may provide a rationale for their use in humans. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Geog Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Villinger, F (reprint author), Winship Canc Ctr, 1365B Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM fvillin@emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [1RO1 AI 27057] NR 68 TC 27 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 EI 1432-1211 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 53 IS 4 BP 315 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s002510100322 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 457DZ UT WOS:000170123000008 PM 11491535 ER PT J AU Soulen, R Gubser, D Francavilla, C Sondergaard, N Walters, J Chafe, J AF Soulen, R Gubser, D Francavilla, C Sondergaard, N Walters, J Chafe, J TI Recent developments for ship propulsion using high temperature superconductors SO INDUSTRIAL CERAMICS LA English DT Article AB A collaboration between the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), along with industrial partners American Superconductor Corp. (ASC) and Intermagnetics General Corp. (IGC), has been established in order to produce high-transition temperature superconducting (HTS) motors for ship propulsion. In the latest tests, a homopolar motor wound from coils of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O tapes has generated the following horsepower (hp) as a function of temperature: 320 hp (240 kW) at 4.2 K, 220 hp (172 kW) at 27 K, and 104 hp (78 kW) at T=77 K.(1). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 11 PU TECHNA SRL PI FAENZA PA PO BOX 174, 48018 FAENZA, ITALY SN 1121-7588 J9 IND CERAM JI Ind. Ceram. PD MAY-AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 487JE UT WOS:000171871000008 ER PT J AU Hall, ER Wierzba, TF Ahren, C Rao, MR Bassily, S Francis, W Girgis, FY Safwat, M Lee, YJ Svennerholm, AM Clemens, JD Savarino, SJ AF Hall, ER Wierzba, TF Ahren, C Rao, MR Bassily, S Francis, W Girgis, FY Safwat, M Lee, YJ Svennerholm, AM Clemens, JD Savarino, SJ TI Induction of systemic antifimbria and antitoxin antibody responses in Egyptian children and adults by an oral, killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; WHOLE-CELL; COLONIZATION FACTORS; IMMUNOGENICITY; DIARRHEA; SAFETY; IMMUNIZATION; DISEASE AB We assessed serologic responses to an oral, killed whole-cell enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B-subunit (ETEC-rCTB) vaccine in 73 Egyptian adults, 105 schoolchildren, and 93 preschool children. Each subject received two doses of vaccine or placebo 2 weeks apart, giving blood before immunization and 7 days after each dose. Plasma antibodies to rCTB and four vaccine-shared colonization factors (CFs) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to rCTB and CFA/I were measured in all subjects, and those against CS1, CS2, and CS4 were measured in all children plus a subset of 33 adults. IgG antibodies to these five antigens were measured in a subset of 30 to 33 subjects in each cohort. Seroconversion was defined as a >2-fold increase in titer after vaccination. IgA and IgG seroconversion to rCTB was observed in 94 to 95% of adult vaccinees, with titer increases as robust as those previously reported for these two pediatric cohorts. The proportion showing IgA seroconversion to each CF antigen among vaccinated children (range, 70 to 96%) and adults (31 to 69%), as well as IgG seroconversion in children (44 to 75%) and adults (25 to 81%), was significantly higher than the corresponding proportion in placebo recipients, except for IgA responses to CS2 in adults. IgA anti-CF titers peaked after one dose in children, whereas in all age groups IgG antibodies rose incrementally after each dose. Independently, both preimmunization IgA titer and age were inversely related to the magnitude of IgA responses. In conclusion, serologic responses to the ETEC rCTB vaccine mag serve as practical immune outcome measures in future pediatric trials in areas where ETEC is endemic. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Minist Hlth & Populat, Benha, Qalyubia Govern, Egypt. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 21 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 69 IS 5 BP 2853 EP 2857 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.5.2853-2857.2001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 423CT UT WOS:000168158400011 PM 11292698 ER PT J AU Tehranian, S Giovane, F Blum, J Xu, YL Gustafson, BAS AF Tehranian, S Giovane, F Blum, J Xu, YL Gustafson, BAS TI Photophoresis of micrometer-sized particles in the free-molecular regime SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CENTERS; IRRADIATED SPHERES; AEROSOL AB The photophoretic force in the free-molecular regime has been calculated for a spherical particle using the Lorenz-Mie solution to the electromagnetic field within the particle. The temperature distribution on the surface of the suspended particle is calculated using a finite difference method. The effect of the complex refractive index m = n + ik and the normalized size parameter defined as alpha = 2 pia/lambda on the photophoretic force and particle velocity are also examined. We show that far a 1 solar constant illumination, the photophoretic forces might be as high as 20% of the weight of the particles considered. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Blum, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gustafson, Bo/B-9526-2011 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1649 EP 1657 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(00)00230-1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 414YW UT WOS:000167694600002 ER PT J AU Chandrasekhara, MS Wilder, MC Carr, LW AF Chandrasekhara, MS Wilder, MC Carr, LW TI Compressible dynamic stall control: Comparison of two approaches SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The approaches of compressible dynamic stall control using real-time airfoil adaptation and slatted airfoils are compared, Each method attempts to solve the unsteady flow separation and the underlying causes differently. The approaches lead to unexpected results: For the slatted airfoil, dynamic stall alleviation on the main airfoil with a fully stalled slat occurred, and for the shape adapting airfoil, leading-edge attached how with trailing-edge separation was obtained. In both cases, no dynamic stall vortex was present. As can he expected, the control effectiveness of each method varies over the full cycle and depends on the Mach number due to the new factors introduced by the use of the methods, These issues are addressed. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, NASA,Dept Aeronaut & Astronauts, Joint Inst Aeronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. ELORET, Sunnyvale, CA 94087 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chandrasekhara, MS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 260-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 3 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.2514/2.2812 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 441LV UT WOS:000169232600006 ER PT J AU Coffey, CS Sharma, J AF Coffey, CS Sharma, J TI Lattice softening and failure in severely deformed molecular crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; EXPLOSIVES; IGNITION AB Atomic force microscope observations have revealed the presence of permanent lattice and molecular distortions in molecular crystals that had undergone plastic deformation by shock or impact. These distortions have led to the suggestion of a deformed lattice potential. Here, the deformed lattice potential is extended to the case of severe plastic deformation in which the lattice softens and may eventually fail. This generalized lattice potential has been incorporated into descriptions of plastic flow and the associated energy dissipation due to dislocation motion by quantum tunneling. The resultant predictions are compared with experiments in which molecular crystals were subjected to severe plastic deformation during impact. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. RP Coffey, CS (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 9 BP 4797 EP 4802 DI 10.1063/1.1358319 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 422QE UT WOS:000168130100019 ER PT J AU Copper, CL Koubek, E AF Copper, CL Koubek, E TI Analysis of an oxygen bleach: A redox titration lab SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Copper, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 78 IS 5 BP 652 EP 652 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 419KQ UT WOS:000167948300024 ER PT J AU Mowrey, RC McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Baerends, EJ AF Mowrey, RC McCormack, DA Kroes, GJ Baerends, EJ TI Vibrational de-excitation of v=1 H-2 during collisions with a Cu(100) surface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM DYNAMICS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; REACTIVE SCATTERING; ROTATIONAL MOTION; CU(111); CHEMISORPTION; PERFORMANCE; RELAXATION AB The dynamics of vibrational de-excitation of v=1 H-2 on a Cu(100) surface is studied using a six-dimensional quantum wave packet method. The de-excitation probability increases with increasing collision energy and initial molecular rotational quantum number, j. A strong dependence on molecular orientation is found with molecules rotating with helicoptering motion (m(j)=j) exhibiting larger de-excitation probabilities, in general, than those with cartwheeling motion (m(j)=0). The final j-state distribution and quadrupole alignment are computed as functions of collision energy. The competition between vibrational de-excitation and other dynamic processes during the collision is analyzed. The total de-excitation probability is in good agreement with vibrational inelasticities from experiment but the calculations overestimate the population of scattered H-2 in (v=0, j) for large j. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Baerends, Evert Jan/F-7206-2011 OI Baerends, Evert Jan/0000-0002-3045-4906 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 17 BP 7581 EP 7592 DI 10.1063/1.1359738 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 423GT UT WOS:000168168100033 ER PT J AU Jerger, KK Netoff, TI Francis, JT Sauer, T Pecora, L Weinstein, SL Schiff, SJ AF Jerger, KK Netoff, TI Francis, JT Sauer, T Pecora, L Weinstein, SL Schiff, SJ TI Early seizure detection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE prediction; epilepsy; nonlinear; power spectrum; correlation; dimension ID PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; LOW-DIMENSIONAL CHAOS; WAVELET TRANSFORM; BLIND SEPARATION; SPATIAL PATTERNS; POWER-SPECTRUM; BRAIN ACTIVITY; PHASE-LOCKING AB For patients with medically intractable epilepsy, there have been few effective alternatives to resective surgery, a destructive, irreversible treatment, A strategy receiving increased attention is using interictal spike patterns and continuous EEG measurements from epileptic patients to predict and ultimately control seizure activity via chemical or electrical control systems. This work compares results of seven linear and nonlinear methods (analysis of power spectra, cross-correlation, principal components, phase, wavelets, correlation integral, and mutual prediction) in detecting the earliest dynamical changes preceding 12 intracranially-re corded seizures from 4 patients. A method of counting standard deviations was used to compare across methods, and the earliest departures from thresholds determined from non-seizure EEG were compared to a neurologist's judgement. For these data, the nonlinear methods offered no predictive advantage over the linear methods. All the methods described here were successful in detecting changes leading to a seizure between one and two minutes before the first changes noted by the neurologist, although analysis of phase correlation proved the most robust. The success of phase analysis may be due in part to its complete insensitivity to amplitude, which may provide a significant source of error. C1 George Mason Univ, MSZAI, Krasnow Inst Adv Study, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Math, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Neurosci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Jerger, KK (reprint author), George Mason Univ, MSZAI, Krasnow Inst Adv Study, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Sauer, Timothy/H-8272-2012; Francis, Joseph /I-4984-2012 OI Sauer, Timothy/0000-0002-8501-8722; NR 62 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0736-0258 J9 J CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI J. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1097/00004691-200105000-00005 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 475AH UT WOS:000171139100005 PM 11528297 ER PT J AU Wright, JA Smith, RW AF Wright, JA Smith, RW TI An edge-based method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on polygonal meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE unstructured grids; incompressible flows; unsteady flows; edge-based methods ID UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; VISCOUS FLOWS; PRESSURE; SCHEMES; WAKE AB A pressure-based method is presented for discretizing the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations usings hybrid unstructured meshes. The edge-based data structure and assembly procedure adopted lead naturally to a strictly conservative discretization, which is valid for meshes composed of n-sided polygons. Particular attention is given to the construction of a pressure-velocity coupling procedure which is supported by edge data, resulting in a relatively simple numerical method that is consistent with the boundary and initial conditions required by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Edge formulas are presented for assembling the momentum equations, which are based on an upwind-biased linear reconstruction of the velocity field. Similar formulas are presented for assembling the pressure equation. The method is demonstrated to be second-order accurate in space and time for two Navier-Stokes problems admitting an exact solution. Results for several other well-known problems are also presented, including lid-driven cavity flow, impulsively started cylinder flow, and unsteady vortex shedding from a circular cylinder. Although the method is by construction minimalist, it is shown to be accurate and robust for the problems considered. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Streamline Numer Inc, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Wright, JA (reprint author), Streamline Numer Inc, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 169 IS 1 BP 24 EP 43 DI 10.1006/jcph.2001.6705 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 427ZN UT WOS:000168436800002 ER PT J AU Eddy, CR Leonhardt, D Shamamian, VA Butler, JE AF Eddy, CR Leonhardt, D Shamamian, VA Butler, JE TI Characterization of the CH4/H-2/Ar high density plasma etching process for ZnSe SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE high density plasma etching; zinc selenide; methane/hydrogen; surface chemistry mechanisms ID II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; ETCHED ZNSE; GAS-MIXTURE; ION; HYDROGEN; CH4/H2; DAMAGE; ETHANE; FILMS AB High density plasma etching of zinc selenide using CH4/H-2/Ar plasma chemistries is investigated. Mass spectrometry, using through-the-platen sampling, is used to identify and monitor etch products evolving from the surface during etching. The identifiable primary etch products are Zn, Se, ZnH2, SeH2, Zn(CH3)(2), and Se(CH3)(2). Their concentrations are monitored as ion and neutral fluxes (both in intensity and composition), ion energy, and substrate temperature are varied. General insights about the surface chemistry mechanisms of the etch process are given from these observations. Regions of process parameter space best suited for moderate rate, anisotropic, and low damage etching of ZnSe are proposed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eddy, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 8 St Marys St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 538 EP 542 DI 10.1007/s11664-001-0095-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 430UZ UT WOS:000168595000016 ER PT J AU Stilwell, DJ AF Stilwell, DJ TI State-space interpolation for a gain-scheduled autopilot SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLERS AB A procedure for interpolating state-space, linear time-invariant controllers for the synthesis of gain-scheduled controllers is introduced. The interpolation method is based arl state-space Youla parameterization anti generates a gain-scheduled controller that is locally stabilizing at every operating point of a nonlinear plant. The interpolation method also provides guidance an the selection of operating points at which linear time-invariant controllers should be designed. A gain-scheduled autopilot is designed to illustrate the interpolation method. C1 USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Dept Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 24 IS 3 BP 460 EP 465 DI 10.2514/2.4766 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 430VC UT WOS:000168595300006 ER PT J AU Cullen, JR Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA AF Cullen, JR Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA TI Magnetoelasticity of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism CY AUG 06-11, 2000 CL RECIFE, BRAZIL SP CNPq, FINEP, CAPES, FACEPE, FAPEST, FAPERJ DE magnetoelasticity; magnetostriction; iron-gallium alloys; iron-aluminum alloys; alfer; alfenol AB Measurements of the saturation magnetostriction lambda (100) on single crystals of Fe1-xGax with 0.21 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.35 are presented. The temperature dependences of lambda (100) and the magnetization of the x = 0.35 sample are discussed along with prior results in terms of a collapse of the magnetization into an inhomogeneous arrangement of iron moments (cluster glass). The anomalous behaviors of lambda (100) and c(11)-C-12 vs. x seen in both Fe1-xGax and Fe1-xAlx alloys are attributed to internal stresses associated with short-range atomic ordering. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Carderock Div, Surface Warface Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Carderock Div, Surface Warface Ctr, 9500 MacArthur Blvd Code 681, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 8 TC 141 Z9 149 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 226 SI SI BP 948 EP 949 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(00)00612-0 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 467MP UT WOS:000170708600345 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Bentley, SJ Lavoie, DL AF Furukawa, Y Bentley, SJ Lavoie, DL TI Bioirrigation modeling in experimental benthic mesocosms SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; NEREIS-DIVERSICOLOR; SULFATE REDUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CALLIANASSA-SUBTERRANEA; SOLUTE DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE SEDIMENTS AB Burrow irrigation by benthic infauna affects chemical mass transfer regimes in marine and estuarine sediments, The bioirrigation facilitates rapid exchange of solutes between oxygenated overlying water and anoxic pore water, and thus promotes biogeochemical reactions that include degradation of sedimentary organic matter and reoxidation of reduced species. A comprehensive understanding of chemical mass transfer processes in aquatic sediments thus requires a proper treatment of bioirrigation. We investigated bioirrigation processes during early diagenesis using laboratory benthic mesocosms. Bioirrigation was carried out in the mesocosms by Schizocardium sp., a funnel-feeding enteropneust hemichordate that builds and ventilates a U-shaped burrow. Interpretation of the laboratory results was aided by a two-dimensional multicomponent model for transport and reactions that explicitly accounts for the depth-dependent distribution of burrows as well as the chemical mass transfers in the immediate vicinity of burrow walls. Our study shows that bioirrigation significantly affects the spatial distributions of pore water solutes. Moreover, bioirrigation promotes burrow walls to be the site of steep geochemical gradients and rapid chemical mass transfer. Our results also indicate that the exchange function, alpha, widely used in one-dimensional bioirrigation modeling, can accurately describe the bioirrigation regimes if its depth attenuation is coupled to the depth-dependent distribution of burrows. In addition, this study shows that the multicomponent 2D reaction-transport model is a useful research tool that can be used to critically evaluate common biogeochemical assumptions such as the prescribed depth dependencies of organic matter degradation rate and C/N ratio, as well as the lack of macrofaunal contribution of metabolites to the pore water. C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 51 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 19 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 59 IS 3 BP 417 EP 452 DI 10.1357/002224001762842262 PG 36 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 461QL UT WOS:000170374900004 ER PT J AU Poulain, PM AF Poulain, PM TI Adriatic Sea surface circulation as derived from drifter data between 1990 and 1999 SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics CY MAY 03-07, 1999 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE surface circulation; seasonal cycle; mesoscale eddies; Lagrangian drifters ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LAGRANGIAN DATA; VARIABILITY; DISPERSION; CURRENTS; SYSTEM; FIELD AB The Adriatic Sea surface circulation for the period 1990-1999 is studied using the data of more than 200 satellite-tracked drifters. The spatial structure and the temporal variability of the surface currents, at meso- to seasonal scales, are described in terms of Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics estimated from the low-pass filtered drifter velocities. Maps of mean currents, subtidal velocity variance and mean kinetic energies were produced using a 40-km averaging scale. The mean flow map confirms that the global cyclonic circulation in most of the Adriatic basin is broken into three re-circulation cells in the northern, central and southern sub-basins (the latter two being controlled by the bathymetry of the Jabuka and South Adriatic Pits, respectively). An isolated cyclonic gyre prevails near the head of the basin. Mean velocities in the cyclonic gyres can exceed 25 cm s(-1) in the coastal areas where the velocity variance is also maximum (reaching 500 cm(2) s(-2)). Values near 2 X 10(7) cm(2) s(-1). 2 days and 18 km were obtained for the diffusivity and the Lagrangian integral time and spatial scales in the along-basin direction, respectively. In the across-basin direction, the statistics are typically 50% of the above values. Geographical and seasonal variations of the Lagrangian statistics can be substantial. It was found that the fluctuating velocities (or the mesoscale eddies) have a preferential cyclonic sense of rotation. The gyres and the coastal currents are mostly prevailing in summer and fall. In winter and spring, they are less intense but the southern one tends to re-circulate more around the South Adriatic Pit. The mean eddy kinetic energy is maximum in winter and fall throughout the central and southern sub-basins. The drifters showed that the southeastward flow along the Italian Peninsula has a width varying between 45 and 70 km and a mean core speed of 25-35 cm s(-1). In the northern and central sub-basins, maximum velocities are found within 5-10 km off the coast in winter and spring. while a weaker maximum is seen more offshore (15-25 km) during the other seasons. In the southern Adriatic, the current is wider in summer, fall and winter, whereas in spring, it becomes thinner (maximum core speed near 10 km from shore and width of about 50 km). The maximum core speed is generally larger in summer than in winter. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Poulain, PM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-Pn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM poulain@oc.nps.navy.mil OI Poulain, Pierre-Marie/0000-0003-1342-8463 NR 54 TC 178 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00007-0 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 449XE UT WOS:000169711800002 ER PT J AU Castellari, S Griffa, A Ozgokmen, TM Poulain, PM AF Castellari, S Griffa, A Ozgokmen, TM Poulain, PM TI Prediction of particle trajectories in the Adriatic Sea using Lagrangian data assimilation SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics CY MAY 03-07, 1999 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE Adriatic Sea; Lagrangian data; assimilation; prediction ID DRIFTER DATA; CIRCULATION; METHODOLOGY; OCEAN AB The predictability of Lagrangian particle trajectories in the Adriatic Sea (a semi-enclosed sub-basin of the Mediterranean Sea) over a period of 1-2 weeks is investigated using three clusters consisting of 5-7 drifters. The analysis is conducted using a Gauss-Markov Lagrangian particle model, which relies on the estimate of climatological mean flow field, persistence of turbulence, and assimilation of velocity data from the surrounding drifters through a Kalman filtering technique. The results are described using the data density N-R defined as the number of drifters within a distance on the order of the Rossby radius of deformation from the particle to be predicted. The clusters are inherently different with respect to this characteristic property with values ranging from N-R < 0.5 to N-R greater than or equal to 2.0 over the analysis period, depending on the initial launch pattern of the clusters and the dispersion processes. The results indicate that during the period when N-R greater than or equal to 1, the assimilation of surrounding drifter data leads to an improvement of predicted trajectories with respect to those based on advecting the drifters with the mean flow. When N-R < 1, the drifters are too far apart to exhibit correlated motion, and the assimilation method does not lead to an improvement. The effects of uncertainties in the mean flow field and initial release position are discussed. The results are also compared to simple estimates of particle location by calculating the center of mass of the cluster. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Miami, RSMAS, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. CNR, La Spezia, Italy. RP Poulain, PM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-Pn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI castellari, sergio/C-8392-2012; OI Poulain, Pierre-Marie/0000-0003-1342-8463 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 33 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00008-2 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 449XE UT WOS:000169711800003 ER PT J AU Mauri, E Poulain, PM AF Mauri, E Poulain, PM TI Northern Adriatic Sea surface circulation and temperature/pigment fields in September and October 1997 SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics CY MAY 03-07, 1999 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE surface circulation; sea surface temperature; chlorophyll; mesoscale eddies; Lagrangian drifters ID BORA; WIND; BURA AB Satellite images of surface chlorophyll-a concentration measured by the sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) and of sea surface temperature derived from advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) measurements, combined with in-situ drifter measurements of surface currents, and ancillary wind, Po River discharge and surface salinity data, are used to describe the surface dynamics in the northern Adriatic during the period September-October 1997. The satellite observations revealed very complex mesoscale dynamics, with time scales of a day or two and length scales of about 10 km, including the meandering and instability of basin-scale currents (e.g., the western coastal layer), jets/filaments and eddies. In addition, the two typical patterns of the Po River plume are observed and qualitatively explained in terms of wind forcing. A basin-wide double gyre pattern spreads the rich runoff water across most of the northern Adriatic from mid-September to early October, following Bora wind events and under stratified sea conditions. In contrast, in late October the Po plume is confined to the coast due to weaker winds and de-stratified conditions. This variability in the Po River plume extension is also confirmed by in-situ salinity measurements. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Poulain, PM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-Pn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Mauri, Elena/0000-0001-9602-0628; Poulain, Pierre-Marie/0000-0003-1342-8463 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00009-4 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 449XE UT WOS:000169711800004 ER PT J AU Garfield, N Maltrud, ME Collins, CA Rago, TA Paquette, RG AF Garfield, N Maltrud, ME Collins, CA Rago, TA Paquette, RG TI Lagrangian flow in the California Undercurrent, an observation and model comparison SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics CY MAY 03-07, 1999 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE Lagrangian flow; California Undercurrent; eddy field ID CURRENT SYSTEM; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SURFACE CIRCULATION; DRIFTERS; OCEAN AB During the period 1992-1998, 38 isobaric RAFOS floats were deployed to sample the subsurface flow of the California Undercurrent. The deployments, released over the California continental slope west of San Francisco, have sampled robust year-round poleward subsurface flow associated with the Undercurrent most seasons and the combined inshore current and Undercurrent in winter. Two other types of flow have been seen: a region of weak flow with little net displacement just west of the California Undercurrent, and an active westward propagating eddy field. This eddy field appears to be the primary mechanism for moving floats from the Undercurrent into the ocean interior. The observations and statistics from the RAFOS floats are compared with Lagrangian estimates of particles tracked in a global high resolution ocean simulation in order to evaluate the fidelity of the model along an eastern boundary. The results show that the model reproduces the general character of the flow reasonably well, but underestimates both the mean and eddy energies by a substantial amount. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Garfield, N (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, POB 855, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 201 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00017-3 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 449XE UT WOS:000169711800012 ER PT J AU Lherminier, P Harcourt, RR Garwood, RW Gascard, JC AF Lherminier, P Harcourt, RR Garwood, RW Gascard, JC TI Interpretation of mean vertical velocity measured by isobaric floats during deep convective events SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics CY MAY 03-07, 1999 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE oceanic convection; mixed layer dynamics; subsurface drifters; Large Eddy Simulation ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GREENLAND-SEA; TURBULENCE; OCEAN; ROTATION; WINTER; WATER; MODEL AB To understand isobaric float measurements of vertical velocity during oceanic deep convective events, we compare experimental results obtained in the Greenland Sea with time series from an ensemble of modeled isobaric drifters embedded in a Large Eddy Simulation (LES), carried our with realistic initial conditions and time-dependent surface forcing. Both real and simulated drifter time series show that in general the drifters observe a mean vertical velocity that may be upwards or downwards, depending on the vertical position of the float within the mixed layer. Over the course of the mixing phase, the net apparent vertical displacement of water may be on the order of several kilometers. The significant mean vertical velocity measured with these drifters is due to their tendency to preferentially sample zones of horizontal convergence. In the model, these zones are found to be associated with sinking plumes in the upper region of the mixed layer, or with rising warm return flow in the lower region. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Paris 06, LODYC, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Lherminier, P (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Lherminier, Pascale/L-3181-2014 OI Lherminier, Pascale/0000-0001-9007-2160 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00018-5 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 449XE UT WOS:000169711800013 ER PT J AU Haney, RL Hale, RA AF Haney, RL Hale, RA TI The use of digital filter initialization to diagnose the mesoscale circulation and vertical motion in the California coastal transition zone SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics CY MAY 03-07, 1999 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE digital filter initialization; mesoscale circulation; vertical motion; California coastal transition zone ID MIXED-LAYER FRONT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; COLD FILAMENTS; INTERMEDIATE MODELS; DATA ASSIMILATION; GULF-STREAM; OCEAN FRONT; POINT ARENA; ALBORAN SEA; FLOW AB A dynamical method of initializing the primitive equations is tested and used to diagnose the three-dimensional circulation associated with jets and eddies as found in the California coastal transition zone (CTZ). The initialization method, referred to as digital filter initialization (DFI), was recently developed by [Monthly Weather Review 120 (1992) 1019] for use in an intermittent data assimilation system in the atmosphere. The ability of DFI to recover the mesoscale ageostrophic circulation associated with finite amplitude jets and eddies in the ocean is first demonstrated using control data produced by simulations with a primitive equation model. The DFI method is then applied to synoptic hydrographic data collected during several California CTZ surveys in the summer of 1988. The diagnostic results indicate the existence of jets, eddies, and filaments in the CTZ domain with maximum horizontal currents of the order of 0.6 m/s at the surface. Currents associated with such jets and filaments are coherent to a depth of over 500 m. The surface currents associated with a prominent cool filament are generally confluent, and weakly convergent on average, along the 270 km offshore extent of the filament. Meanders in the jet display convergence and downwelling upstream of pressure troughs and divergence and upwelling downstream of the troughs. Maximum vertical velocities at 100 m are of the order of 10 m/day. This result is consistent with independent estimates of subduction rates made from biological studies in this and similar coastal filaments in the CTZ program. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 335 EP 363 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00023-9 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 449XE UT WOS:000169711800018 ER PT J AU Mead, JL Bennett, AF AF Mead, JL Bennett, AF TI Towards regional assimilation of Lagrangian data: the Lagrangian form of the shallow water model and its inverse SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics CY MAY 03-07, 1999 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE data assimilation; Lagrangian dynamics; open boundaries; shallow water model ID FLUID-DYNAMICS; OCEAN AB Variational data assimilation for Lagrangian geophysical fluid dynamics is introduced. Lagrangian coordinates add numerical difficulties into an already difficult subject, but also offer certain distinct advantages over Eulerian coordinates. First, float position and depth are defined by linear measurement functionals. Second, Lagrangian or 'comoving' open domains are conveniently expressed in Lagrangian coordinates. The attraction of such open domains is that they lead to well-posed prediction problems Bennett and Chua (J. Comp. Phys. 153 (1999) 418-436) and hence efficient inversion algorithms. Eulerian and Lagrangian solutions of the inviscid forward problem in a doubly periodic domain, with North Atlantic mesoscales, are compared and found to be in satisfactory agreement for about 1 day. Viscous stresses vastly extend the interval of agreement at the cost of considerable complexity, so in this first study the machinery of variational assimilation is developed and tested for inviscid dynamics, simulated data and short assimilation intervals. It was found that the intricate machinery could be consistently developed, managed, and satisfactorily tested at least within the confines of the chosen parameters. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Boise State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. USN, Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Off Naval Res Sci Unit, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Mead, JL (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM mead@math.bioestate.edu; bennetta@fnmoc.navy.mil NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 365 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00024-0 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 449XE UT WOS:000169711800019 ER PT J AU Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Talley, D Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH AF Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Perfetti, P Margaritondo, G Talley, D Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH TI Spectroscopic scanning near-field optical microscopy with a free electron laser: CH2 bond imaging in diamond films SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE diamond; free electron laser (FEL); scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) ID PHOTOEMISSION; SEMICONDUCTOR AB Hydrogen chemistry in thin films and biological systems is one of the most difficult experimental problems in today's science and technology We successfully tested a novel solution, based on the spectroscopic version of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). The tunable infrared radiation of the Vanderbilt free electron laser enabled us to reveal clearly hydrogen-decorated grain boundaries on nominally hydrogen-free diamond films. The images were obtained by SNOM detection of reflected 3.5 mum photons, corresponding to the C-H stretch absorption, and reached a lateral resolution of 0.2 mum, well below the lambda /2 (lambda = wavelength) limit of classical microscopy. C1 Ist Stuttura Mat, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Cricenti, A (reprint author), Ist Stuttura Mat, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; OI Gilligan, Jonathan/0000-0003-1375-6686 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 202 BP 446 EP 450 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00874.x PN 2 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 426ZA UT WOS:000168379100028 PM 11309110 ER PT J AU Hofmeister, EP Gillingham, BL Bathgate, MB Mills, WJ AF Hofmeister, EP Gillingham, BL Bathgate, MB Mills, WJ TI Results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the adolescent female SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE anterior cruciate ligament; reconstruction; adolescent female ID PATELLAR TENDON; GRACILIS TENDONS; INJURIES; PLAYERS; RUPTURE; KNEE; SEMITENDINOSUS; COMPLICATIONS; BASKETBALL; SURGERY AB This study evaluated the functional results and complications of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery in adolescent females. We studied 22 consecutive female patients younger than 20 years who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. Average follow-up was 31 months. One hundred percent of the patients win satisfied. Seven patients returned to intercollegiate or high school sports. The mean Lysholm score was 94, and the International Knee Documentation Committee score was 40% normal, 60% nearly normal. KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side differences were less than or equal to3 mm in 90% of patients and between 3 and 5 mm ill 10%. Quadriceps and hamstring strength was minimally decreased. One patient sustained a patella fracture. One patient changed her lifestyle because of her knee. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is successful in returning the female adolescent to competitive sports with a high degree of patient satisfaction and excellent functional outcome, Mild residual quadriceps and hamstring weakness may persist, however. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Clin Invest Dept KA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Gillingham, BL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Clin Invest Dept KA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 302 EP 306 DI 10.1097/00004694-200105000-00008 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 427CV UT WOS:000168388000008 PM 11371810 ER PT J AU Buoncristiani, AM Manos, RE Mills, WJ AF Buoncristiani, AM Manos, RE Mills, WJ TI Plantar-flexion tarsometatarsal joint injuries in children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE lisfranc ligament; midfoot; tarsometatarsal joint AB We are reporting a series of eight patients ranging in age from 3 to 10 years who sustained plantar-flexion injuries of the foot. resulting in injuries to the tarsometatarsal (TMT) interval. AII injuries were identified within 3 days and treated with molded shell leg immobilization. We evaluated all patients an average of 3 months after injury with physical examination and the Midfoot Functional Rating (MFR) score. Seven patients had no limitations in their activities of daily living or athletic endeavors. These seven patients had MFR scores of 100. One patient had complaints of midfoot pain with running for >5 min and radiographic evidence of degenerative changes across the TMT interval at 3-year follow-up, These results suggest that although indirect pediatric TMT injuries have a generally favorable prognosis, early degenerative changes can occur and may be responsible for chronic pain and activity limitation, Degenerative changes in this weight-bearing region in a young patient can have lifelong implications. Patients and parents may benefit from discussion of the potential for future midfoot compromise following this injury. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mills, WJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Box 359798, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 324 EP 327 DI 10.1097/00004694-200105000-00012 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 427CV UT WOS:000168388000012 PM 11371814 ER PT J AU Hayden, LM Kim, WK Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA AF Hayden, LM Kim, WK Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA TI Effect of pressure and temperature on chromophore reorientation in a new syndioregic main-chain hydrazone nonlinear optical polymer SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE activation volume; relaxation; pressure; nonlinear optical polymer; syndioregic main chain ID VOLUME AB Second harmonic generation (SHG) was used to measure the temperature dependence of the reorientation activation volume (DeltaV*) of a syndioregic main-chain hydrazone (SMCH) nonlinear optical polymer. The decay of the SHG signal from poled films of SMCH was recorded at hydrostatic pressures up to 2924 atm and at temperatures between 25 degreesC below the glass-transition temperature (T-g) to 20 degreesC above it. DeltaV* for pressures less than 500-1000 atm and T > T-g decreased as the temperature was increased. For pressures greater than 1000 atm, DeltaV* was essentially constant for all temperatures. In addition, the size of DeltaV* indicated that the chromophore in this main chain was internally flexible. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USN, Dept Res, Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hayden@umbc.edu NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 9 BP 895 EP 900 DI 10.1002/polb.1063 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 419BL UT WOS:000167929400002 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Roland, CM Paulo, C Puskas, JE AF Robertson, CG Roland, CM Paulo, C Puskas, JE TI Linear viscoelastic properties of hyperbranched polyisobutylene SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-MODE RELAXATION; STAR-SHAPED POLYMERS; BRANCHED POLYMERS; MELT RHEOLOGY; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; POLYSTYRENE MICROGELS; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; TERMINAL RELAXATION; CONSTRAINT RELEASE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT AB Creep and dynamic mechanical measurements were carried out on a series of hyperbranched polyisobutylenes (PIBs), having a range of molecular weights (greater than or equal to 10(6) daltons) and branching frequencies (3-57 branches/molecule). For all samples, the molecular weight of the branches was higher than the entanglement molecular weight of linear PIE, by as much as a factor of 10: nevertheless, only for molecular weights of approximately half-million daltons does the zero-shear viscosity exceed that of linear PIE. Both the viscosity and the length of the entanglement plateau are governed primarily by the branching frequency, rather than by the length of the branches. Such behavior is quite distinct from star-branched polymers. However, the magnitude of the plateau modulus and the temperature dependence of the terminal zone shift factors are the same for hyperbranched, star-branched, and linear PIE. (C) 2001 The Society of Rheology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 68 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 3 BP 759 EP 772 DI 10.1122/1.1357821 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 429ZQ UT WOS:000168548900008 ER PT J AU Ramakrishnan, TV Rajagopal, AK AF Ramakrishnan, TV Rajagopal, AK TI Quasiparticles in the mixed phase of superconducting cuprates: A semiclassical Green's function approach SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE high temperature superconductivity; mixed phase; vortices; nodal quasiparticles ID VORTEX-LATTICE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; II SUPERCONDUCTOR; STATE; DEPENDENCE; HEAT; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; CONDUCTIVITY AB We consider (d(x2-y2)) superconducting state quasiparticles coupled to vortices. Since the perturbation due to the latter varies slowly with distance outside the vortex core, a semiclassical approximation for the quasiparticle Green's function suffices. This is used to discuss several questions of interest, viz. choices of gauge, the quasiparticle density of states in presence of vortices, and finally longitudinal as well as Hall magneto thermal conductivity. C1 Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter Theory, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramakrishnan, TV (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter Theory, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 441 EP 457 DI 10.1023/A:1010329013424 PG 17 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 431HC UT WOS:000168624900007 ER PT J AU Brown, CW AF Brown, CW TI Simple CAD construction and its applications SO JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID QUANTIFIER ELIMINATION AB This paper presents a method for the simplification of truth-invariant cylindrical algebraic decompositions (CADs). Examples are given that demonstrate the usefulness of the method in speeding up the solution formula construction phase of the CAD-based quantifier elimination algorithm. Applications of the method to the construction of truth-invariant CADs for very large quantifier-free formulas and quantifier elimination of non-prenex formulas are also discussed. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0747-7171 J9 J SYMB COMPUT JI J. Symb. Comput. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 31 IS 5 BP 521 EP 547 DI 10.1006/jsco.2000.0394 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 433QT UT WOS:000168771800002 ER PT J AU Benjamin, KC Petrie, S AF Benjamin, KC Petrie, S TI The design, fabrication, and measured acoustic performance of a 1-3 piezoelectric composite Navy calibration standard transducer SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The design, fabrication, and acoustic calibration of a new 1-3 piezoelectric composite-based U.S. Navy standard (USRD-F82) are presented. The F82 dual array/parametric mode projector may be used as a reciprocal linear transducer, or may be used to exploit the nonlinear properties of the water to produce highly directional acoustic beams ( 4 to 3 deg) at relatively low frequencies (5 to 50 kHz, respectively). As a result of its wide bandwidth, a broad range of primary as well as secondary frequencies of operation is possible. In the linear mode of operation the transducer provides two separate arrays to be addressed topside for either transmit or receive applications. The two circular apertures are centered on the acoustic axis and have active diameters of 22.8 cm (9 in.) and 5.1 cm (2 in.). The smaller array aperture could be used to obtain broader acoustic beams at relatively high frequencies. Due to the absence of air-filled pressure release components, the transducer will operate over most ocean pressures and temperatures. A general description of the 1-3 piezoelectric composite-based transducer configuration and measured performance is presented. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Benjamin, KC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1973 EP 1978 DI 10.1121/1.1358889 PN 1 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 431AC UT WOS:000168608700022 PM 11386551 ER PT J AU Kuo, HC Williams, RT Chen, JH Chen, YL AF Kuo, HC Williams, RT Chen, JH Chen, YL TI Topographic effects on barotropic vortex motion: No mean flow SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; TAIWAN OROGRAPHY; SPIRAL BANDS; BETA-DRIFT; PROPAGATION; VORTICES; TYPHOONS; HURRICANES; TERRAIN; ISLAND AB The impact of the island topographic beta effect on hurricane-like vortex tracks is studied. Both f plane and spherical geometry without a mean flow are considered. The simulations used in this study indicate the existence of a track mode in which vortices are trapped by the topography and follow a clockwise island-circulating path. The trapping of a hurricane-like vortex can be interpreted in terms of the influence of the island topographic beta effect on the vortex track. Experiments on the f plane indicate that the drift speed along the clockwise path is proportional to the square root of beta (e)v(max). The applicability of the square root law on the f plane is dependent on the degree to which the local beta (e) effect is felt by the vortex. The experiments on the sphere also demonstrate that the speed along the clockwise path is larger for a vortex with a larger maximum wind v(max). The occurrence of hurricane-like vortex trapping, however, is not sensitive to the value of v(max). When there is no background flow, the vortex will drift to the northwest in the presence of the planetary vorticity gradient. The beta drift speed acts to keep the vortex from being trapped. The insensitivity of the vortex trapping to v(max) on the sphere appears to be due to the possible cancellation of stronger planetary band topographic beta effects. The experiments suggest that the topographic scale must be comparable to (if not larger than) the vortex radius of maximum wind for the trapping to occur. Nonlinear effects are important in that they hold the vortex together and keep it moving without strong dispersion in the island-circulating path. This vortex coherency can be explained with the beta Rossby number dynamics. The global shallow-water model calculations used in this study indicate that the vortex trapping increases with peak height, topographic length scale, and latitude (larger topographic beta effect). In general, the trapping and clockwise circulating path in the presence of a planetary vorticity gradient will occur if the scale of the topography is greater than the vortex radius of maximum wind and if the planetary beta parameter is less than the topographic beta parameter. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Williams, RT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI KUO, HUNG-CHI/0000-0001-9102-5104 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1310 EP 1327 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1310:TEOBVM>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 430EZ UT WOS:000168562700008 ER PT J AU Gross, RD AF Gross, RD TI Saline irrigation in the prevention of otorrhea after tympanostomy tube placement - Author's reply SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Hosp, Div Otolaryngol, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Gross, RD (reprint author), Naval Hosp, Div Otolaryngol, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD MAY PY 2001 VL 111 IS 5 BP 927 EP 928 DI 10.1097/00005537-200105000-00034 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 431EM UT WOS:000168618900032 ER PT J AU Wilson, AW Spanos, G AF Wilson, AW Spanos, G TI Application of orientation imaging microscopy to study phase transformations in steels SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE EBSD; steel; SEM; martensite ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTERED DIFFRACTION; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ACICULAR FERRITE; PATTERNS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; ALUMINUM; GRAIN AB In this investigation, the methodology, advantages, and limitations of using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) to study microstructures in multiphase steels are examined. In particular, proeutectoid ferrite precipitation has been investigated in a hypoeutectoid steel (Fe-0.12%C-3%Ni), while the proeutectoid cementite transformation has been studied in a hypereutectoid steel (Fe-1.3%C-13%Mn). By utilizing misorientation maps and inverse pole figure maps to determine the orientation differences between individual crystals, the internal morphology of the solid-state precipitates has been determined. What appear by other types of imaging to be monolithic single crystals are shown to be aggregates of finer crystals with misorientations between them. The relative quality of the Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) patterns has been correlated to specific phases and to interphase and grain boundaries using pattern quality maps (also referred to as image quality maps). These techniques have been adapted for quantitative identification of different microconstituents, including volume fraction measurements. By making comparisons among optical micrographs, conventional SEM micrographs, pattern quality maps, inverse pole figure maps, and misorientation maps, the advantages and limitations of different types of OIM mapping for studying different aspects of phase transformations in steels are elucidated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilson, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 46 IS 5 BP 407 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(01)00140-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 477CU UT WOS:000171266200008 ER PT J AU Eddahbi, M McNelley, TR Ruano, OA AF Eddahbi, M McNelley, TR Ruano, OA TI The evolution of grain boundary character during superplastic deformation of an Al-6 pct Cu-0.4 pct Zr alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ALLOY; MG-CU ALLOY; CONTINUOUS RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; CELLULAR MICROSTRUCTURES; MICROTEXTURE EVOLUTION; ROLLING TEXTURES; UNIFIED THEORY; SUPRAL-2004; MECHANISMS AB The evolution of microstructure, texture, and microtexture in an Al-6 pct Cu-0.4 pct Zr alloy was studied during mechanical testing at 480 degreesC and a strain rate of 5.10(-4) s(-1). The as-processed material had an elongated, banded microstructure and a deformation texture with orientation distribution along the beta -orientation fiber. The true strain vs true stress curve exhibited three stages: I, II, and III. Work hardening occurred in stages I and III, whereas nearly steady-state behavior was observed in stage II. A bimodal distribution of boundary disorientation angles was evident in as-processed material and persisted into stage I, with peaks at 5-15 deg in the low-angle boundary (LAB) regime and at 45-60 deg in the high-angle boundary (HAB) regime. An increase in strain rate sensitivity coefficient, m, in stage I was accompanied by fragmentation of the initial microstructure, leading to the formation of new grains, During stage II the strain rate sensitivity coefficient, m, attained a value of 0.5, which is consistent with the onset of grain boundary sliding. In stage III, the texture and the grain boundary disorientation distribution became randomized while the m value decreased. Grain elongation and cavity formation at second-phase particles and along grain boundaries were seen in samples deformed to failure, The as-processed microstructure is described in terms of deformation banding, and a model for the evolution of such a structure during superplastic deformation is proposed. C1 CSIC, Ctr Nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, Madrid 28040, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Eddahbi, M (reprint author), CSIC, Ctr Nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, Madrid 28040, Spain. RI Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015 OI Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X NR 65 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1102 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0120-z PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 429LX UT WOS:000168519600007 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EC Hyams, KC AF Ritchie, EC Hyams, KC TI Gender differences SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 166 IS 5 BP IV EP IV PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DA UT WOS:000181418900001 PM 11370213 ER PT J AU Sylvia, BM McMullen, P Levine, E Cruz, FB Gagnon, DA Malavakis, TL Williams, LA Schmelz, J Runzel, A Stevens, V Wootten, A AF Sylvia, BM McMullen, P Levine, E Cruz, FB Gagnon, DA Malavakis, TL Williams, LA Schmelz, J Runzel, A Stevens, V Wootten, A TI Prenatal care needs, availability, accessibility, use, and satisfaction: A comparison of military women within and outside the continental United States SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Uniformed-Services-University-of-the-Health-Sciences-Research Day Meeting CY APR, 1999 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Uniformed Services Univ Hlth Sci Res ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RACIAL DISPARITIES; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RISK; POPULATION; COHORT AB This article presents the results of a survey distributed to military women within and outside the continental United States (CONUS and OCONUS) who had received prenatal care and delivered at one of six Army, Navy, or Air Force military facilities. This comparative descriptive study was undertaken to determine from the mothers' perspective (1) their needs, availability, accessibility, use, satisfaction, and preferences for prenatal care services, and (2) if prenatal care and birth outcomes were significantly different for CONUS versus OCONUS women. Both groups reported a high degree of satisfaction with services, clinics/offices, and health care staff. Significant group differences were reported in transportation, length of travel time, and cost of traveling, with the CONUS group reporting greater problems with each. For both groups, quality and consistency of health care were the two most important factors in their preference of provider. More than 20% of the mothers reported receiving no information on some of the common concerns of pregnancy. There were no significant group differences with regard to infant birth weight or length of hospital stay. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Nursing, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Hosp, Nursing Serv, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USN Hosp, FPO, AP 96362 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Womens Hlth Clin, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Sylvia, BM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Nursing, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009 OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 166 IS 5 BP 443 EP 448 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DA UT WOS:000181418900020 PM 11370210 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Szymanski, CM Burr, DH Silver, RP Alm, RA Guerry, P AF Bacon, DJ Szymanski, CM Burr, DH Silver, RP Alm, RA Guerry, P TI A phase-variable capsule is involved in virulence of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-STABLE ANTIGENS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K1; SURFACE HYDROPHOBICITY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; POLYSIALIC ACID; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; GENE; PLASMID; CELLS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI-81-176 AB Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 (HS36, 23) synthesizes two distinct glycan structures, as visualized by immunoblotting of proteinase K-digested whole-cell preparations. A site-specific insertional mutant in the kpsM gene results in loss of expression of a high-molecular-weight (HMW) glycan (apparent M-r 26 kDa to > 85 kDa) and increased resolution of a second ladder-like glycan (apparent M-r 26-50 kDa). The kpsM mutant of 81-176 is no longer typeable in either HS23 or HS36 antisera, indicating that the HMW glycan structure is the serodeterminant of HS23 and HS36. Both the kpsM-dependent HMW glycan and the kpsM-independent ladder-like structure appear to be capsular in nature, as both are attached to phospholipid rather than lipid A. Additionally, the 81-176 kpsM gene can complement a deletion in Escherichia coli kpsM, allowing the expression of an alpha2,8 polysialic acid capsule in E. coli. Loss of the HMW glycan in 81-176 kpsM also increases the surface hydrophobicity and serum sensitivity of the bacterium. The kpsM mutant is also significantly reduced in invasion of INT407 cells and reduced in virulence in a ferret diarrhoeal disease model. The expression of the kpsM-dependent capsule undergoes phase variation at a high frequency. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Microbiol, Rochester, NY USA. Astra Zeneca Boston, Waltham, MA USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI39615, AI43559] NR 41 TC 184 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 769 EP 777 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02431.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 433FE UT WOS:000168748300023 PM 11359581 ER PT J AU Choplin, NT Lundy, DC AF Choplin, NT Lundy, DC TI The sensitivity and specificity of scanning laser polarimetry in the detection of glaucoma in a clinical setting SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO) CY MAY 09-14, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol, Natl Hlth Public Serv Award, Childrens Hosp, Res Fdn ID NERVE-FIBER LAYER; THICKNESS AB Objective: A study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of masked experts in classifying results obtained from normal eyes, glaucomatous eyes, and eyes suspicious for glaucoma using the Nerve Fiber Analyzer GDx (Laser Diagnostic Technologies, San Diego, CA), a scanning polarimeter. Design: Retrospective consecutive case series. Methods: Consecutive subjects seen in a glaucoma clinic were imaged with the GDx. The masked printouts were distributed to nine experienced users of the machine, who were asked to classify the scan from each eye as normal, suspicious for glaucoma, or consistent with glaucoma. No specific guidelines for interpretation were used. The interpretations were compared with the known diagnoses obtained from review of the subjects' medical records. The number of correct diagnoses, false-positive answers (specificity), and false-negative answers (sensitivity) were noted for each observer and averaged for all nine. Interobserver agreement was calculated by use of the kappa statistic. Main Outcome Measures: False-positive and false-negative responses from reviewers' assessments compared with known diagnoses from chart review. Results: A total of 104 eyes was included: 29 normal eyes, 33 eyes from glaucoma suspects, and 42 eyes with glaucoma. Interobserver agreement was moderate for normals (kappa = 0.42, P = 0.00) and glaucoma (kappa = 0.48, P = 0.00), but slight for glaucoma suspects (kappa = 0.09, P = 0.00). Overall, the average sensitivity was 74% and the specificity was 74%, If only considering whether or not the scan represented glaucoma (i.e., reviewer assessment of "suspect" meant "not glaucoma"), the average sensitivity was 86% and the specificity 83%. If only considering whether a scan was normal or not (i.e., reviewer assessment of "suspect" meant "abnormal"), the sensitivity was 83% and the specificity 86%, Eliminating glaucoma suspects (but allowing the assessment of "suspect") increased overall sensitivity to 80% and specificity to 79%, With suspects eliminated, sensitivity was 80% and specificity 91% for determination of glaucoma, and sensitivity was 93% and specificity 79% for determination of abnormality. Conclusions: Scanning laser polarimetry may have good sensitivity and specificity for separating normal from abnormal eyes, but it is not as good for classifying unknown subjects when glaucoma suspects are included. Evaluation of new parameters and continued clinical experience may help develop guidelines for interpretation and/or specific indicators for glaucomatous damage to increase the sensitivity and specificity. Ophthalmology 2001;108:899-904 (C) 2001 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Choplin, NT (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 6 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAY PY 2001 VL 108 IS 5 BP 899 EP 904 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00652-7 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 425WW UT WOS:000168315500029 PM 11320020 ER PT J AU Carucci, DJ AF Carucci, DJ TI Functional genomic technologies applied to the control of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum SO PHARMACOGENOMICS LA English DT Review DE drugs; functional genomics; genomics; malaria; Plasmodium; vaccines ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTECTION; SEQUENCE; DATABASE AB Infection with any of the four species of Plasmodium single cell parasites that infects humans causes the clinical disease, malaria. Of these, it is Plasmodium falciparum that is responsible for the majority of the 1.5 - 2.3 million deaths due to this disease each year. Worldwide there are between 300 - 500 million cases of malaria annually [1], To date there is no licensed vaccine and resistance to most of the available drugs used to prevent and/or treat malaria is spreading. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new and effective drugs and vaccines against this devastating parasite. We have outlined a strategy using a combination of DNA-based vaccines and the data derived from the soon-to-be completed P. falciparum genome and the genomes of other species of Plasinodium to develop new vaccines against malaria. Much of the technology that we are developing for vaccine target identification is directly applicable to the identification of potential targets for drug discovery. The publicly available genome sequence data also provides a means for researchers whose focus may not be primarily malaria to leverage their research on cancer, yeast biology and other research areas to the biological problems of malaria. C1 USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Carucci, DJ (reprint author), USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHLEY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1462-2416 J9 PHARMACOGENOMICS JI Pharmacogenomics PD MAY PY 2001 VL 2 IS 2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1517/14622416.2.2.137 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 499NK UT WOS:000172577100004 PM 11368752 ER PT J AU Kumar, KS Duesbery, MS Louat, NP Provenzano, V DiPietro, MS AF Kumar, KS Duesbery, MS Louat, NP Provenzano, V DiPietro, MS TI Microporous fine-grained copper: structure and properties SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; STRENGTH AB Powder metallurgy processing has been used to produce copper compacts with fine grain sizes (1-10 mum) that are pinned by submicron-size to micron-size gas-filled voids in the volume fraction range 0.05-0.2. The effect of subsequent heat treatment on the grain size and void size and shape was quantified. These changes strongly depended on whether the powder was consolidated using a cold-pressing-and-sintering route, or hot pressing; thus the pressed and sintered compacts densified further whereas the hot-pressed compacts exhibited swelling during subsequent thermal exposure. Such materials were mechanically tested in compression and tension at room temperature, and high yield strength, attributed to grain-size strengthening, was recognized. Tensile ductility in excess of 20% was simultaneously obtained although some unusual features, atypical of fcc metals, including upper and lower yield points and a low work-hardening rate were noted. Approximate calculations examining the interaction of dislocations with a void pair, an assembly of voids and the particular case of all voids being located at grain boundaries indicate that direct strengthening due to the voids is not the principal contributor to the high strength; rather it is the refinement in grain size that is responsible for the observed yield strength level. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Fairfax Mat, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. USN, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Laser Applicat Inc, Westminster, MD 21157 USA. RP Kumar, KS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1040 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 433KC UT WOS:000168757700002 ER PT J AU Pande, CS Masumura, RA Marsh, SP AF Pande, CS Masumura, RA Marsh, SP TI Stochastic analysis of two-dimensional grain growth SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; KINETICS; METALS AB Consideration of the physics and topology of the two-dimensional grain growth suggests that a stochastic expression is required for individual grain growth rates. Two sources for the stochastic behaviour are topological switching events and the average linear correlation between grain size and topological class. A size-based continuum stochastic formulation is presented on the basis of topological correlation. This analysis leads to a Fokker-Planck equation for the size distribution, which yields a unique self similar asymptotic state that is reached from arbitrary initial states. Grain size distributions obtained from these considerations are in good agreement with experimental observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pande, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pande@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1229 EP 1239 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 433KC UT WOS:000168757700013 ER PT J AU Sadananda, K Ramaswamy, DNV AF Sadananda, K Ramaswamy, DNV TI Role of crack tip plasticity in fatigue crack growth SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID CLOSURE; THRESHOLD; RATIO AB The effect of plasticity ahead of the crack tip as well as behind the crack tip (crack wake plasticity) on the crack tip driving force is examined using a dislocation model. The plastic zone is approximated by a superdislocation, and linear elasticity is assumed. Dislocation effects are computed using the Lin-Thomson equations. The error involved in the superdislocation approximation is shown to be small. Results indicate that the plasticity ahead of the crack tip induces a large retarding force which a crack must overcome for it to grow. The existence of a threshold in K-max for fatigue crack growth as illustrated by the unified two-parameter approach can be related to this crack growth resistance. The plasticity behind the crack tip, however, has a negligible effect on the crack tip driving force and therefore has no effect on the K-max threshold. Overload effects, underload effects and fatigue crack growth resistance with increasing K are all relatable to the internal stresses arising from the dislocations in the plastic zone. The two thresholds K-max,K-th and DeltaK(th) in the unified approach can be related to the effects of monotonic and cyclic plastic zones. Since the effects of plasticity in the wake are negligible, plasticity-induced closure due to crack wake plasticity is also negligible from the dislocation point of view. A three-zone approximation for the plastic enclave around crack tip is shown to be adequate for the description of the role of plasticity in the crack tip driving force. C1 USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met Engn, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Sadananda, K (reprint author), USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1283 EP 1303 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 433KC UT WOS:000168757700016 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Spin injection and detection in a ferromagnetic metal/2DEG structure SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on the Physics and Applications of Spin-Related Phenomena in Semiconductors (PASPS 2000) CY SEP 13-15, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Tohoku Univ, Res Inst Elect Commun, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit (1970), Sendai Tourism & Convent Bur, Murata Sci Fdn DE spin injection; two-dimensional electron gas; ferromagnetic metals ID GASB QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRON-GAS; SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE; POLARIZED TRANSPORT; HETEROSTRUCTURE; CHARGE; FILMS AB Spin dependent transport in a high mobility two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with an asymmetric confining potential is observed by using a ferromagnetic metal as a spin sensitive voltage probe. A high impedance junction is formed between the ferromagnet and the 2DEG on a planarized sample. The conduction band of the 2DEC is split into spin subbands by the Rashba effect, and nonequilibrium magnetization is induced by a bias current. The magnetization of the ferromagnet is controlled by an external magnetic field, and the voltage sensed in each of its two magnetic states corresponds to the up-and down-spin subband chemical potentials of the 2DEG carriers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1-3 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00140-0 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 435VL UT WOS:000168902800100 ER PT J AU Steiner, M Rendell, RW AF Steiner, M Rendell, RW TI Entanglement of a double dot with a quantum point contact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID JAYNES-CUMMINGS MODEL AB Entanglement between a particle and a. detector is known to be inherent in the measurement process. Gurvitz recently analyzed the coupling of an electron in a double dot (DD) to a quantum point contact (QPC) detector, In this paper we examine the dynamics of entanglement that result between the DD and QPC. The rate of entanglement is optimized as a function of coupling when the electron is initially in one of the dots. It decreases asymptotically towards zero with increased coupling. Thr opposite behavior is observed when the DD is initially in a superposition: the rate of entanglement increases unboundedly as the coupling is increased. The possibility that there an conditions for which measurement occurs versus entanglement is considered. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steiner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2001 VL 63 IS 5 AR 052304 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 430RJ UT WOS:000168589100032 ER PT J AU Nadgorny, B Mazin, II Osofsky, M Soulen, RJ Broussard, P Stroud, RM Singh, DJ Harris, VG Arsenov, A Mukovskii, Y AF Nadgorny, B Mazin, II Osofsky, M Soulen, RJ Broussard, P Stroud, RM Singh, DJ Harris, VG Arsenov, A Mukovskii, Y TI Origin of high transport spin polarization in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3: Direct evidence for minority spin states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ANDREEV REFLECTION; TRANSITION; JUNCTIONS; FERROMAGNETS; FILMS AB Using the point-contact Andreev reflection technique, we have carried out a systematic study of the spin polarization in the colossal magnetoresistive manganite. La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO). Surprisingly, we observed a significant increase in the current spin polarization with the residual resistivity. This counterintuitive trend can be understood as a transition from ballistic to diffusive transport in the contact. Our results strongly suggest that LSMO does have minority spin states at the Fermi Level. However, since its current spin polarization is much higher than that of the density of states, this material can mimic the behavior of a true half-metal in transport experiments. Based on our results we call this material a transport half-metal. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Moscow Steel & Alloys Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Nadgorny, B (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; NR 26 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 18 AR 184433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.184433 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 432ZE UT WOS:000168730200082 ER PT J AU Sauer, KL Marion, F Nacher, PJ Tastevin, G AF Sauer, KL Marion, F Nacher, PJ Tastevin, G TI NMR instabilities and spectral clustering in laser-polarized liquid xenon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE PRODUCTION; HE-3-HE-4 MIXTURES; SOLID HE-3; GAS; FIELD AB To study how highly magnetized liquids behave in NMR experiments, we have performed low-field NMR on laser-polarized liquid Xe-129, with nuclear polarization of up to 6%. Contrary to conventional NMR results, we find that instabilities develop after a large pulse, leading to an unexpectedly abrupt decay of the signal. In contrast, the NMR spectrum after a small pulse collapses to a series of unusually sharp lines (spectral clustering), whose widths correspond to precession lifetimes longer than a half minute. We discuss the key role of long-range dipolar coupling in such spin dynamics. C1 Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Sauer, KL (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6122, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 18 AR 184427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.184427 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 432ZE UT WOS:000168730200076 ER PT J AU Sokolov, AP Kisliuk, A Novikov, VN Ngai, K AF Sokolov, AP Kisliuk, A Novikov, VN Ngai, K TI Observation of constant loss in fast relaxation spectra of polymers - art. no. 172004 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING SPECTRA; 1/F NOISE; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GLASS-TRANSITION; FAST DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; MODEL; SLOW AB Observation of the constant loss contribution to the light scattering spectra in GHz frequency range is presented. The constant loss appears as a frequency-independent imaginary part of the susceptibility spectrum. It shows a strong temperature variation. Analysis of the spectra and literature data suggests that the constant loss can be general for many glass-forming systems but it is hidden in many cases by other relaxation contributions. The nature of the constant loss is not clear. The possible mechanisms are discussed. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 17 AR 172204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.172204 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 428XQ UT WOS:000168487300007 ER PT J AU Carroll, TL Todd, MD Rachford, FJ Pecora, LM AF Carroll, TL Todd, MD Rachford, FJ Pecora, LM TI Spatiotemporal nonlinear dynamics of a magnetoelastic ribbon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHAOS AB Magnetoelastic materials have a strong coupling between strain and magnetization, so applying a magnetic field to a magnetoelastic material can change its shape. This coupling leads to interesting dynamics. We have studied the dynamics of a wide ribbon of Metglass 2605sc which was driven by a magnetic field. The ribbon was suspended as a pendulum in a set of Helmholtz coils, which provided both de and ac magnetic fields. Laser light was reflected off the ribbon to measure its angular displacement. Two points on the ribbon could be simultaneously illuminated, and one of the laser beams could be scanned over the ribbon. We observed quasiperiodic bifurcations in the motion of the ribbon, and characterized the spatial aspect of the motion with some recently developed statistics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2001 VL 63 IS 5 AR 056205 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 432ZL UT WOS:000168730800043 ER PT J AU Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR Hubbard, RF Ting, A Moore, CI Gordon, DF Zigler, A Kaganovich, D Antonsen, TM AF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B Penano, JR Hubbard, RF Ting, A Moore, CI Gordon, DF Zigler, A Kaganovich, D Antonsen, TM TI Wakefield generation and GeV acceleration in tapered plasma channels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SHORT LASER-PULSES; AMPLITUDE ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PARTIALLY STRIPPED PLASMAS; WAKE-FIELD; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE; NONLINEAR OPTICS; TENUOUS PLASMAS; GROUP-VELOCITY; INTENSE; PROPAGATION AB To achieve multi-GeV electron energies in the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA), it is necessary to propagate an intense laser pulse long distances in a plasma without-disruption. One of the purposes of this paper is to evaluate the stability properties of intense laser pulses;propagating extended distances (many tens of Rayleigh ranges) in plasma channels. A three-dimensional envelope equation for the laser field is derived that includes nonparaxial effects such as group velocity dispersion, as well as wakefield and relativistic nonlinearities. It is shown that in the broad beam, short pulse limit the nonlinear terms in the wave equation that lead to Raman and modulation instabilities cancel. This cancellation can result in pulse propagation over extended distances, limited only by dispersion. Since relativistic focusing is not effective for short pulses, the plasma channel provides the guiding necessary fbr long distance propagation Long pulses (greater than several plasma wavelengths), on the other hand, experience substantial modification due to Raman and modulation instabilities. For both short and long pulses the seed for instability growth is inherently determined by the pulse shape and not by background noise. These results would indicate that the self-modulated LWFA is not the optimal configuration for achieving high energies. The standard LWFA, although having smaller accelerating fields, can provide acceleration for longer distances. It is shown that by increasing the plasma density as a function of distance, the phase velocity of the accelerating field behind the laser pulse can be made equal to the speed of light. Thus electron dephasing in the accelerating wakefield can be avoided and energy gain increased by spatially tapering the plasma channel. Depending on the tapering gradient, this luminous wakefield phase velocity is obtained several plasma wavelengths behind the laser pulse. Simulations of laser pulses propagating in a tapered plasma channel are presented. Experimental techniques for generating a tapered density in a capillary discharge are described and an example of a GeV channel guided standard LWFA is presented. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. LET Corp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017; OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430; Kaganovich, Dmitri/0000-0002-0905-5871 NR 47 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2001 VL 63 IS 5 AR 056405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.056405 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 432ZL UT WOS:000168730800072 PM 11415017 ER PT J AU Dahlburg, RB Keppens, R Einaudi, G AF Dahlburg, RB Keppens, R Einaudi, G TI The compressible evolution of the super-Alfvenic magnetized wake SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; VERSATILE ADVECTION CODE; SLOW SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; SEMIIMPLICIT SCHEMES; INSTABILITY; FLOW; RECONNECTION; TURBULENCE; TRANSITION AB The effects of compressibility on the linear and nonlinear properties of the magnetized wake are examined, with an emphasis on the high speed flow situation. It is found that compressibility can modify properties of this system previously identified for the incompressible case. Of particular interest is an investigation of how the properties of the magnetized wake vary with the sonic Mach number. It is found that, in general, the growth rates of the unstable sinuous and varicose modes decrease with increasing Mach number and with increasing Alfven number. However, at high sonic Mach numbers the varicose modes can have a growth rate which increases as the spanwise wave number increases, a significant difference from the incompressible case. The linear compressible equations are solved by a Chebyshev collocation technique. Nonlinear computations based on a finite volume method are also presented. Growth rates computed by both codes in the linear regime are in excellent agreement. At long times the system relaminarizes to an overall accelerated and broadened wake channel. It is found that variations in the Mach and Alfven numbers have a strong affect on the evolution of the magnetized wake, e.g., for high M fast magnetosonic shocks are observed to develop. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez A, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Dahlburg, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI keppens, rony/0000-0003-3544-2733 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1697 EP 1706 DI 10.1063/1.1339232 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 423QG UT WOS:000168187800033 ER PT J AU Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A Oreg, J Colombant, D AF Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A Oreg, J Colombant, D TI Recent developments in atomic physics for the simulation of hot plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics Of the American-Physical-Society/10th International Congress on Plasma Physics CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID COLLISIONAL-RADIATIVE MODEL; X-RAY-SPECTRUM; TRANSITION-ARRAYS; DENSE-PLASMAS; PRESSURE IONIZATION; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; COMPLEX SPECTRA; ENERGY-LEVELS; LASER FUSION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Simulations of plasmas in which atoms are not completely stripped require atomic data, like average charge, ionization energies, and radiative properties (emissivity, opacity). These depend on populations of energy levels. The basic framework for obtaining the latter is the collisional radiative model (CRM), which bridges the gap between the low-density Corona Equilibrium (CE) and Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE). However, for nearly all but the simplest ions, the number of relevant bound states and cross sections is prohibitive. In this review we summarize some recent methods for handling complex ions: By focusing on an exact evaluation of relevant information and ignoring unobservable features, unresolved transition arrays (UTA) are obtained. The supertransition arrays (STA) model combines many UTAs in LTE. The STA code was recently extended to a non-LTE CRM called SCROLL. Using these models could improve radiation simulation in hot plasmas, even for simple spectra. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Klapisch, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6730, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 82 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1817 EP 1828 DI 10.1063/1.1356739 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 423QP UT WOS:000168188500007 ER PT J AU Mostovych, AN Chan, Y Lehecha, T Phillips, L Schmitt, A Sethian, JD AF Mostovych, AN Chan, Y Lehecha, T Phillips, L Schmitt, A Sethian, JD TI Reflected shock experiments on the equation-of-state properties of liquid deuterium at 100-600 GPa (1-6 Mbar) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics Of the American-Physical-Society/10th International Congress on Plasma Physics CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DENSE HYDROGEN; DISSOCIATION; COMPRESSION; HUGONIOT; TARGETS; PLANETS; FUSION; MATTER; HOT AB Laser-driven shock experiments are used to study the equation-of-state (EOS) properties of liquid deuterium. Reflected shocks are utilized to increase the shock pressure, to expand the area of EOS phase space probed by the experiment, and to enhance the sensitivity to differences in compressibility. The results of these experiments differ substantially from the predictions of the Sesame EOS. EOS models showing large dissociation effects and large compressibility (up to a factor of 2) agree with the data. By use of independent techniques, this experiment offers the first confirmation of an earlier observation of enhanced compressibility in liquid deuterium. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mostovych, AN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Laser Plasma Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2281 EP 2286 DI 10.1063/1.1359444 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 423QP UT WOS:000168188500064 ER PT J AU Schmitt, AJ Velikovich, AL Gardner, JH Pawley, C Obenschain, SP Aglitskiy, Y Chan, Y AF Schmitt, AJ Velikovich, AL Gardner, JH Pawley, C Obenschain, SP Aglitskiy, Y Chan, Y TI Growth of pellet imperfections and laser imprint in direct drive inertial confinement fusion targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics Of the American-Physical-Society/10th International Congress on Plasma Physics CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; CONSISTENT ANALYTICAL MODEL; PERTURBATION GROWTH; SATURATION AB Simple hydrodynamic models for describing the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) growth and the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability are tested by simulation. The RM sharp boundary model predictions are compared with numerical simulations of targets with surface perturbations or stationary intensity perturbations. Agreement is found in the overall trends, but the specific behavior can be significantly different. RM growth of imprint from optically smoothed lasers is also simulated and quantified. The results are used to calculate surface perturbations, growth factors, and laser imprint efficiencies. These in turn are used with standard RT growth formulas to predict perturbation growth in multimode simulations of compression and acceleration of planar and spherical targets. The largest differences between prediction and theory occur during ramp-up of the laser intensity, where RT formulas predict more growth than seen in the simulations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Schmitt, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2287 EP 2295 DI 10.1063/1.1360709 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 423QP UT WOS:000168188500065 ER PT J AU Moore, CI Ting, A Jones, T Briscoe, E Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P AF Moore, CI Ting, A Jones, T Briscoe, E Hafizi, B Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P TI Measurements of energetic electrons from the high-intensity laser ionization of gases SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics Of the American-Physical-Society/10th International Congress on Plasma Physics CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID PLASMA-WAVES; PONDEROMOTIVE SCATTERING; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION; TUNNELING IONIZATION; INJECTED ELECTRONS; PULSES; FIELD; WAKE; PROPAGATION; EXCITATION AB Electrons ionized from tightly bound atomic states by a high-intensity laser pulse can gain energies from one to millions of electron volts dependent on the intensity of the pulse. We have currently been investigating hundreds of kilovolt to megavolt electrons produced by ionization of krypton and argon with terawatt laser pulses. Angular and energy distributions have been measured to determine the usability of this electron source as an injector for higher energy accelerators. Studies have included pressure dependence, angular ejection angle energy dependence, and polarization dependence. In particular, the energy-dependent ejection angle of electrons has been used to produce electron beams with energies peaked at 600 keV. Numerical simulations of these electrons show that 4 MV electron beams with excellent beam quality and femtosecond pulse widths can be produced from this electron source using higher power laser pulses. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Res Support Instruments Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Moore, CI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2481 EP 2487 DI 10.1063/1.1347033 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 423QP UT WOS:000168188500091 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KT Calame, JP Danly, BG Levush, B Garven, M Antonsen, T AF Nguyen, KT Calame, JP Danly, BG Levush, B Garven, M Antonsen, T TI Higher order mode excitations in gyro-amplifiers SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics Of the American-Physical-Society/10th International Congress on Plasma Physics CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID GHZ GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; HIGH-POWER; MAGY AB In gyro-devices, a nonlinear output taper is often employed as the transition from the near cutoff radius of the interaction circuit to a much larger output waveguide. The tapers are usually designed to avoid passive mode conversion, and thus do not consider the effect of a bunched beam. However, recent simulations with the self-consistent MAGY code [Botton , IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 26, 882 (1998)] indicate that higher order mode interactions with the bunched electron beam can substantially compromise the mode purity of the rf output. The interaction in the taper region is traveling wave in nature, and is strongly dependent on the residual beam bunching characteristics resulting from the upstream operating mode interaction. An experiment has been performed to quantify the rf output mode content from a Ka-band gyroklystron. The agreement between salient theoretical and measured rf output characteristics confirms the existence of higher order mode excitation in output tapers as predicted by theory. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. Omega P Inc, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2488 EP 2494 DI 10.1063/1.1348330 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 423QP UT WOS:000168188500092 ER PT J AU Meger, RA Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Lampe, M Leonhardt, D Manheimer, WM Murphy, DP Walton, SG AF Meger, RA Blackwell, DD Fernsler, RF Lampe, M Leonhardt, D Manheimer, WM Murphy, DP Walton, SG TI Beam-generated plasmas for processing applications SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics Of the American-Physical-Society/10th International Congress on Plasma Physics CY OCT 23-27, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID LARGE-AREA; DISCHARGES AB The use of moderate energy electron beams (e-beams) to generate plasma can provide greater control and larger area than existing techniques for processing applications. Kilovolt energy electrons have the ability to efficiently ionize low pressure neutral gas nearly independent of composition. This results in a low-temperature, high-density plasma of nearly controllable composition generated in the beam channel. By confining the electron beam magnetically the plasma generation region can be designated independent of surrounding structures. Particle fluxes to surfaces can then be controlled by the beam and gas parameters, system geometry, and the externally applied rf bias. The Large Area Plasma Processing System (LAPPS) utilizes a 1-5 kV, 2-10 mA/cm(2) sheet beam of electrons to generate a 10(11)-10(12) cm(-3) density, 1 eV electron temperature plasma. Plasma sheets of up to 60x60 cm(2) area have been generated in a variety of molecular and atomic gases using both pulsed and cw e-beam sources. The theoretical basis for the plasma production and decay is presented along with experiments measuring the plasma density, temperature, and potential. Particle fluxes to nearby surfaces are measured along with the effects of radio frequency biasing. The LAPPS source is found to generate large-area plasmas suitable for materials processing. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meger, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 2558 EP 2564 DI 10.1063/1.1345506 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 423QP UT WOS:000168188500101 ER PT J AU Blackwell, DD Chen, FF AF Blackwell, DD Chen, FF TI Time-resolved measurements of the electron energy distribution function in a helicon plasma SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; WAVES AB An energy analyser with the capability of making time-resolved measurements of the instantaneous electron current in a radiofrequency (RF) plasma has been designed and constructed. This current is then reconstructed into the instantaneous I-V characteristic at various phases of the RF cycle. Results are shown for a helicon wave discharge under various conditions. From the first derivative of the I-V characteristic, it is observed that there is an absence of high-energy electrons characteristic of strong Landau damping, suggesting that some other mechanism is responsible for the discharge's high ionization efficiency. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Blackwell, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/10/2/312 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 441YY UT WOS:000169258200012 ER PT J AU Janaswamy, R AF Janaswamy, R TI Radio wave propagation over a nonconstant immittance plane SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ROUGH-SURFACE; EQUATION; SEA AB The problem of electromagnetic wave propagation over a horizontal, nonconstant immittance plane, whose immittance value is a function of incident grazing angle, is considered. An equivalent specification of the immittance surface is in terms of its angle-dependent reflection coefficient. Expressions are provided for the field on a vertical line given the field on a previous vertical line. The vertical line held is initialized at the plane containing the source where its aperture current distribution is specified. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional fields are considered, and the expressions are valid for either polarization. The form of expressions is particularly suited for implementing with the Fourier split-step algorithm of the parabolic wave equation. Extension to inhomogeneous atmosphere to account for mild atmospheric inhomogeneities is presented. Several examples are considered where the immittance arises from small-scale and large-scale surface roughnesses. A numerical procedure is described wherein incomplete or approximate reflection coefficient data are made to conform to the assumptions made in the development of the expressions. This is demonstrated for a surface reflection coefficient which is governed by the Miller-Brown-Vegh roughness reduction factor. Numerical results are presented for propagation under ducting conditions over a rough surface for frequencies from HF through microwave. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Janaswamy, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-JS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 3 BP 387 EP 405 DI 10.1029/2000RS002338 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 433VN UT WOS:000168781500002 ER PT J AU Weidemann, AD Johnson, DJ Holyer, RJ Pegau, WS Jugan, LA Sandidge, JC AF Weidemann, AD Johnson, DJ Holyer, RJ Pegau, WS Jugan, LA Sandidge, JC TI Remote imaging of internal solitons in the coastal ocean SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOLITARY WAVES; NM AB During a combined in situ and airborne remote sensing exercise off Oceanside, CA? a Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) observed alongshore lineations: which were associated with an internal soliton packet accompanying a tidally generated internal solitary wave (solibore). The soliton packets were most evident in the images at green wavelengths, which penetrate the deepest into the water column. and only weakly evident at optical wavelengths with shallower penetration. We believe that this is the first observation of internal soliton packets determined from remotely sensed upwelled radiance. We hypothesize that the lineations were produced by changes in the upwelling radiance from the interior of the water column: not by changes in surface reflectance. Using a simulation, it is demonstrated that such lineations carl be produced by vertical modulation of the inherent optical properties (IOPs) during the passage of the internal soliton packet. Since surface manifestations ale not always present, this opens the potential for broadly based inventories of internal solitons in coastal waters. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Sch Math Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Weidemann, AD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 76 IS 2 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00208-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 430CZ UT WOS:000168557100009 ER PT J AU Wlodkowski, PA Deng, K Kahn, M AF Wlodkowski, PA Deng, K Kahn, M TI The development of high-sensitivity, low-noise accelerometers utilizing single crystal piezoelectric materials SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE single crystal piezoelectric materials; low-noise accelerometer ID BEHAVIOR AB This paper outlines the integration of single crystal piezoelectric materials having high piezoelectric coefficients, with a novel method of strain amplification in a flexural-type accelerometer. The latter utilizes a sensing structure comprised of a bending plate that has a castellated surface, which raises the piezoelectric sensing material that is mounted there: above its neutral axis. This device is called a platformed unimorph accelerometer (PUMA (TM)). The castellated height is adjusted depending upon the electromechanical properties of the sensing material, and it amplifies the stress in the crystal and generates a higher charge output. Accelerometer noise is inversely proportional to charge output, especially at low frequencies. As a result, the new accelerometer exhibits a 15 dB reduction in its noise floor. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Wilcoxon Res Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Wlodkowski, PA (reprint author), Wilcoxon Res Inc, 21 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(01)00449-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 420PH UT WOS:000168013000015 ER PT J AU Korendyke, CM Vourlidas, A Cook, JW Dere, KP Howard, RA Morrill, JS Moses, JD Moulton, NE Socker, DG AF Korendyke, CM Vourlidas, A Cook, JW Dere, KP Howard, RA Morrill, JS Moses, JD Moulton, NE Socker, DG TI High-resolution imaging of the upper solar chromosphere: First light performance of the very-high-resolution Advanced Ultraviolet Telescope SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; CORONA AB The Very-high-resolution Advanced ULtraviolet Telescope (VAULT) experiment was successfully launched on 7 May 1999 on a Black Brant sounding rocket vehicle from White Sands Missile Range. The instrument consists of a 30 cm UV diffraction limited telescope followed by a two-grating, zero-dispersion spectroheliograph tuned to isolate the solar L alpha emission line. During the flight, the instrument successfully obtained a series of images of the upper chromosphere with a limiting resolution of similar to0.33 arc sec. The resulting observations are the highest-resolution images of the solar atmosphere obtained from space to date. The flight demonstrated that sub-arc second ultraviolet images of the solar atmosphere are achievable with a high-quality, moderate-aperture space telescope and associated optics. Herein, we describe the payload and its in-flight performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Korendyke, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 9 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 200 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1023/A:1010310217570 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 456DK UT WOS:000170067700005 ER PT J AU Nosho, BZ Shanabrook, BV Bennett, BR Barvosa-Carter, W Weinberg, WH Whitman, LJ AF Nosho, BZ Shanabrook, BV Bennett, BR Barvosa-Carter, W Weinberg, WH Whitman, LJ TI Initial stages of Sb-2 deposition on InAs(001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; antimony; indium antimonide; indium arsenide ID RESONANT-TUNNELING DIODES; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTIONS; INTERFACE FORMATION; GASB; GROWTH; SUPERLATTICES; MICROSCOPY; ALSB AB We have used in situ scanning tunneling microscopy to study various preparation techniques for creating InSb bonds on InAs surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy. When an InAs(001)-(2 x 4) surface is exposed to an Sb-2 flux, the surface changes to an InSb-(1 x 3)-like reconstruction, where one monolayer-deep vacancy islands emerge on the surface due to the change in the composition of the reconstruction. The vacancy islands cannot be annealed out using growth interrupts under Sb-2. Extended annealing eventually leads to further surface roughening and a change into a reconstruction that may be even more Sb-rich. As the reconstruction changes from the original (2 x 4) to (1 x 3)-like, we do not observe any evidence that the vacancy islands form due to material detachment and mass transport from steps. Instead, we iind that the vacancy islands develop uniformly across the surface as Sb becomes incorporated into the reconstruction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nosho, BZ (reprint author), Hughes Res Labs, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)00949-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 425WL UT WOS:000168314600009 ER PT J AU Wedding, JB Wang, GC Lu, TM AF Wedding, JB Wang, GC Lu, TM TI Scanning tunneling microscopy study of rough Si films deposited on Si(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; molecular beam epitaxy; scanning tunneling microscopy; semiconducting films; silicon; surface defects; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; SI/SI(111); SURFACE; SILICON AB Series of silicon films were grown by thermal evaporation on Si(1 1 I)substrates at temperatures between similar to 240 degreesC and similar to 500 degreesC under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, and examined with scanning tunneling microscopy. Two series of films grown at similar to 240 degreesC and similar to 400 degreesC showed a trend toward multilayer root-mean-squared (rms) roughness as thicknesses of tens to hundreds of bilayers were reached. The roughening of the similar to 240 degreesC deposition series appeared to slow as thicker films were deposited; the effective power law for the rms roughness suggested by measurement of the thinner films was t(0.4 +/-0.1), which is faster than that consistent with linear diffusion dynamics. The growth at similar to 400 degreesC appeared to be multilayer epitaxial and showed an increase in lateral feature size with deposition time. At higher deposition temperatures of similar to 450 degreesC and similar to 500 degreesC. a flatter terraced morphology with dotted depressions was seen, Some of these vacancies appeared in straight lines, usually running parallel to the rough steps, indicating a pinning effect on the growing film due to the initial substrate step morphology. The degree of pinning was analyzed in the framework of the directed-percolation depinning model. The roughening behavior exhibited by the films in this study results from a pinning effect and is attributed partially to the incorporation of carbon and oxygen in these films. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Wedding, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Code T12,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2001 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)00900-1 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 425WL UT WOS:000168314600017 ER PT J AU Hurley, CK Steiner, N Gans, CP Kosman, C Mitton, W Koester, R Jones, P Edson, S Rizzuto, G Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Rodriguez-Marino, SG AF Hurley, CK Steiner, N Gans, CP Kosman, C Mitton, W Koester, R Jones, P Edson, S Rizzuto, G Hartzman, RJ Ng, J Rodriguez-Marino, SG TI Twelve novel HLA-B*15 alleles carrying previously observed sequence motifs are placed into B*15 subgroups SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE HLA-B*15; low-resolution HLA typing ID HLA-B ALLELES; DIVERSITY; ANTIGENS AB Twelve new B*15 alleles are described. All of the known B*15 alleles are divided into subgroups based on serologic assignments and/or nucleotide sequence polymorphisms. These groups might be used as a reference for DNA-based testing at an intermediate (i.e. "serologic") level of resolution. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Lab Corp Amer Holdings, Burlington, NC USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Oncol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HB67132] NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2001 VL 57 IS 5 BP 474 EP 477 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057005474.x PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 449LE UT WOS:000169685400011 PM 11556974 ER PT J AU Steiner, NK Kosman, C Jones, PF Gans, CP Rodriguez-Marino, SG Rizzuto, G Baldassarre, LA Edson, S Koester, R Sese, D Mitton, W Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Steiner, NK Kosman, C Jones, PF Gans, CP Rodriguez-Marino, SG Rizzuto, G Baldassarre, LA Edson, S Koester, R Sese, D Mitton, W Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Twenty-nine new HLA-B alleles associated with antigens in the 5C CREG SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; HLA-B ID POPULATION; DIVERSITY AB This paper describes 29 novel HLA-B locus alleles identified during low-resolution typing. The majority of the novel alleles carry new patterns of previously known polymorphic motifs or codons. Three alleles carry alterations in the Bw4/Bw6 epitope. Five alleles carry novel substitutions. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2001 VL 57 IS 5 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057005481.x PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 449LE UT WOS:000169685400013 PM 11556976 ER PT J AU Steiner, NK Jones, P Kosman, C Edson, S Rizzuto, G Gans, CP Mitton, W Koester, R Rodriguez-Marino, SG Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Steiner, NK Jones, P Kosman, C Edson, S Rizzuto, G Gans, CP Mitton, W Koester, R Rodriguez-Marino, SG Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Novel HLA-B alleles associated with antigens in the 7C CREG SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; HLA-B ID DIVERSITY AB This paper describes 9 novel HLA-B locus alleles. All of the alleles carry sequence motifs observed in other HLA-B alleles. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD USA. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol Microbiol & Immunol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2001 VL 57 IS 5 BP 486 EP 488 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057005486.x PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 449LE UT WOS:000169685400014 PM 11556977 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC AF Piquette, JC TI Method for obtaining corrective power-series solutions to algebraic and transcendental systems. SO UTILITAS MATHEMATICA LA English DT Article DE approximation by polynomials; series expansions; systems of equations ID MAGNESIUM NIOBATE PMN; MATERIAL MODEL AB A method for obtaining approximate analytical solutions of algebraic and transcendental systems is described. Power-series expansions of the roots are constructed directly from the system of interest. It is assumed that the system has arisen from a physical problem that has associated with it a suitably small parameter, herein denoted alpha: It is also assumed that there is no difficulty in identifying which roots are of physical interest, and that these roots possess a Maclaurin-series expansion in alpha. As in numerical continuation methods, this method requires the availability of the solution of the system when alpha = 0. The roots of the alpha = 0 system appear as the zeroth terms of the expansions. The terms in the expansions beyond the zeroth are viewed as "corrective" in the sense that their inclusion modifies the alpha = 0 solution to produce the roots when alpha not equal 0. The primary application of the method is to physical problems in which a solution is available when some parameter is zero, and it is desired to know how the roots change when the parameter departs from zero by a relatively small amount. Thus, the method is analogous to perturbation techniques. Several illustrative examples are given. C1 USN, Ctr Underwater Syst, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UTIL MATH PUBL INC PI WINNIPEG PA UNIV MANITOBA PO BOX 7 UNIV CENT, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0315-3681 J9 UTILITAS MATHEMATICA JI Util. Math. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 59 BP 3 EP 26 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 439ER UT WOS:000169098300001 ER PT J AU Shykoff, BE Hawari, FI Izzo, JL AF Shykoff, BE Hawari, FI Izzo, JL TI Diameter, pressure and compliance relationships in dorsal hand veins SO VASCULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE drug effects; modeling; norepinephrine; stiffness; venous reactivity ID INSULIN; VASODILATION; MUSCLE AB The diameter-pressure characteristics of dorsal hand veins previously have not been characterized. In this study, the effects of distending pressure with and without infused norepinephrine on diameter and compliance were observed. The elevation needed for venous collapse was measured, and the effects of baseline constriction on venous reactivity were assessed. In seven supine subjects, a brachial cuff on an elevated arm was used to generate distending pressures while a linear variable displacement transformer (LVDT) measured changes in venous diameter. Arctangent functions of distending pressure were fitted to the normalized diameter, then compliance functions were calculated. In supine subjects, 5-15 cm of elevation emptied dorsal hand veins. Norepinephrine decreased the venous diameter at any distending pressure by increasing the P-50. without significantly changing the midpoint slope. Compliance was a nearly single-valued function of the normalized diameter with a maximum value at about 60% distention. Reactivity depends on distending pressure and baseline P-50. Percentage constriction is a function of initial and final P-50 and of distending pressure. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Med, Div Clin Pharm, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Shykoff, BE (reprint author), USN, Expt Diving Unit, 321 Bullfinch Rd, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-T000889] NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 1358-863X J9 VASC MED JI Vasc. Med. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 6 IS 2 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 466VP UT WOS:000170667100005 PM 11530971 ER PT J AU Park, YD Wilson, A Hanbicki, AT Mattson, JE Ambrose, T Spanos, G Jonker , BT AF Park, YD Wilson, A Hanbicki, AT Mattson, JE Ambrose, T Spanos, G Jonker , BT TI Magnetoresistance of Mn : Ge ferromagnetic nanoclusters in a diluted magnetic semiconductor matrix SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; GAAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB We have fabricated a thin film magnetic system consisting of nanoscale Mn11Ge8 ferromagnetic clusters embedded in a MnxGe1-x dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor matrix. The clusters form for growth temperatures of similar to 300 degreesC with an average diameter and spacing of 100 and 150 nm, respectively. While the clusters dominate the magnetic properties, the matrix plays a subtle but interesting role in determining the transport properties. Variable range hopping at low temperatures involves both nanoclusters and Mn-Ge sites, and is accompanied by a negative magnetoresistance attributed in part to spin-dependent scattering analogous to metallic granular systems. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Park, YD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 17 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 18 BP 2739 EP 2741 DI 10.1063/1.1369151 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 425RD UT WOS:000168304700042 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX AF Giraldo, FX TI A spectral element shallow water model on spherical geodesic grids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Adams-Bashforth; cubic gnomonic grid; finite element method; icosahedral grid; Lagrange multiplier; Runge-Kutta; shallow water equations; spectral element method; spherical geometry; unstructured grid ID LAGRANGE-GALERKIN METHODS; STOKES EQUATIONS; TEST SET; INTEGRATION AB The spectral element method for the two-dimensional shallow water equations on the sphere is presented. The equations are written in conservation form and the domains are discretized using quadrilateral elements obtained from the generalized icosahedral grid introduced previously (Giraldo FX. Lagrange-Galerkin methods on spherical geodesic grids: the shallow water equations. Journal of Computational Physics 2000; 160: 336-368). The equations are written in Cartesian co-ordinates that introduce an additional momentum equation, but the pole singularities disappear. This paper represents a departure from previously published work on solving the shallow water equations on the sphere in that the equations are all written, discretized, and solved in three-dimensional Cartesian space. Because the equations are written in a three-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinate system, the algorithm simplifies into the integration of surface elements on the sphere from the fully three-dimensional equations. A mapping (Song Ch, Wolf JP. The scaled boundary finite element method-alias consistent infinitesimal finite element cell method-for diffusion. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1999; 45: 1403-1431) which simplifies these computations is described and is shown to contain the Eulerian version of the method introduced previously by Giraldo (Journal of Computational Physics 2000; 160: 336-368) for the special case of triangular elements. The significance of this mapping is that although the equations are written in Cartesian co-ordinates, the mapping takes into account the curvature of the high-order spectral elements, thereby allowing the elements to lie entirely on the surface of the sphere. In addition, using this mapping simplifies all of the three-dimensional spectral-type finite element surface integrals because any of the typical two-dimensional planar finite element or spectral element basis functions found in any textbook (for example, Huebner et al. The Finite Element Method for Engineers. Wiley, New York, 1995; Karniadakis GE, Sherwin SJ. Spectral/hp Element Methods for CFD. Oxford University Press, New York, 1999; and Szabo B, Babuska I. Finite Element Analysis. Wiley, New York, 1991) can be used. Results for six test cases are presented to confirm the accuracy and stability of the new method. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2,Bldg 704-245, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD APR 30 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 8 BP 869 EP 901 DI 10.1002/1097-0363(20010430)35:8<869::AID-FLD116>3.0.CO;2-S PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 424GA UT WOS:000168222900001 ER PT J AU Jablokov, V Goto, DM Koss, DA McKirgan, JB AF Jablokov, V Goto, DM Koss, DA McKirgan, JB TI Temperature, strain rate, stress state and the failure of HY-100 steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE fracture; temperature; strain rate; stress state; failure behavior; HY-100 steel ID DUCTILE FRACTURE; VOID GROWTH; DEFORMATION; MODELS AB The influence of temperature and strain rate on the deformation and failure behavior of HY-100 steel has been examined as a function of stress state using notched and un-notched axisymmetric tensile specimens. Behavior over the range of temperatures/ strain rates from - 85 degreesC and 1 s(-1) to 27 degreesC and 10(3) s(-1) shows an equivalence of decreasing test temperature or increasing strain rate on deformation behavior in a manner that can be predicted by the thermally activated flow theory. Over the entire range of temperatures/strain rates, the influence of stress state on failure is such that two void coalescence mechanisms control failure; at low stress triaxialities. relatively equiaxed voids grow to impingement, while at high triaxialities, a void-sheet process intervenes linking elongated MnS-initiated voids by a shear instability. The failure strains decrease rapidly with increasing stress triaxiality ratio in a similar manner for all temperatures and strain rates except for an intermediate stress triaxiality condition where the void-sheet mode of failure extends to lower stress triaxialities under cryogenic test conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock, MD USA. RP Koss, DA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 30 PY 2001 VL 302 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01832-3 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 408RV UT WOS:000167342200002 ER PT J AU Hyman, SD Calle, D Weiler, KW Lacey, CK Van Dyk, SD Sramek, R AF Hyman, SD Calle, D Weiler, KW Lacey, CK Van Dyk, SD Sramek, R TI Radio continuum imaging of the spiral galaxy NGC 4258 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : individual (NGC 4258 M106); HII regions; radio continuum : galaxies; supernova remnants ID H-II REGIONS; SUPER-NOVA REMNANTS; ANOMALOUS ARMS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STAR-FORMATION; BRAIDED JETS; NGC-4258; EMISSION; NGC-6946; NUCLEUS AB We analyze 3."5 resolution, high-sensitivity radio continuum images of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4258 at 6 and 20 cm derived from multiple observations used to monitor the radio supernova SN 1981K by Van Dyk et al. Seven bright H II regions and five supernova remnant candidates are identified. Extinctions to the H II regions are estimated for the first time from a comparison of radio flux densities to new optical fluxes derived from H alpha observations by Dutil & Roy. The bright end of the H II region luminosity function is established at each wavelength. The luminosity functions are best fit by power laws consistent with the shape of previously published radio and optical luminosity functions for a number of galaxies. The supernova remnants are all about 2-3 times the radio luminosity of Cas A. In addition, the galaxy's nucleus is shown to have been variable over the SN 1981K monitoring period. The spectral index (alpha) distribution of the anomalous radio arms is investigated and found to be relatively uniform at alpha = -0.65+/-0.10. C1 Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Hyman, SD (reprint author), Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 26 PY 2001 VL 551 IS 2 BP 702 EP 711 DI 10.1086/320231 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 427AX UT WOS:000168383600009 ER PT J AU Shlesinger, MF AF Shlesinger, MF TI Complex systems: Chaos and beyond SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Shlesinger, MF (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, 800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 26 PY 2001 VL 410 IS 6832 BP 1028 EP 1029 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 425HQ UT WOS:000168285500022 ER PT J AU Lai, AA Patterson, PS Sacci, JB Vaughan, JA Paul, C Collins, WE Wirtz, RA Azad, AF AF Lai, AA Patterson, PS Sacci, JB Vaughan, JA Paul, C Collins, WE Wirtz, RA Azad, AF TI Anti-mosquito midgut antibodies block development of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in multiple species of Anopheles mosquitoes and reduce vector fecundity and survivorship SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PARASITE; SPOROGONIC DEVELOPMENT; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; STEPHENSI; GAMBIAE; IMMUNIZATION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; BERGHEI; CELLS AB The mosquito midgut plays a central role in the sporogonic development of malaria parasites. We have found that polyclonal sera, produced against mosquito midguts, blocked the passage of Plasmodium falciparum ookinetes across the midgut, leading to a significant reduction of infections in mosquitoes. Anti-midgut mAbs were produced that display broad-spectrum activity, blocking parasite development of both P, falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites in five different species of mosquitoes. In addition to their parasite transmission-blocking activity. these mAbs also reduced mosquito survivorship and fecundity, These results reveal that mosquito midgut-based antibodies have the potential to reduce malaria transmission in a synergistic manner by lowering both vector competence, through transmission-blocking effects on parasite development, and vector abundance, by decreasing mosquito survivorship and egg laying capacity. Because the intervention can block transmission of different malaria parasite species in various species of mosquitoes, vaccines against such midgut receptors may block malaria transmission worldwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lai, AA (reprint author), Mail Stop F12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI017828, AI 43006, AI 17828, R37 AI017828] NR 29 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 24 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 9 BP 5228 EP 5233 DI 10.1073/pnas.091447398 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 425VC UT WOS:000168311500077 PM 11309510 ER PT J AU Bracker, AS Nosho, BZ Barvosa-Carter, W Whitman, LJ Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV Culbertson, JC AF Bracker, AS Nosho, BZ Barvosa-Carter, W Whitman, LJ Bennett, BR Shanabrook, BV Culbertson, JC TI Stoichiometry-induced roughness on antimonide growth surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE FORMATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; OSCILLATIONS; GAAS(001); INTERBAND; GAAS AB Phase shifts in the intensity oscillation of reflection high-energy electron diffraction spots provide evidence for monolayer island formation on AlSb that is caused by sudden changes in surface stoichiometry. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy confirms the interpretation of the phase shift. These results are consistent with a previous structural assignment of the AlSb beta (4x3) and alpha (4x3) surface reconstructions and provide guidelines for producing smooth interfaces in antimonide-based heterostructures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 17 BP 2440 EP 2442 DI 10.1063/1.1366360 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 425RC UT WOS:000168304600009 ER PT J AU Heimberg, JA Wahl, KJ Singer, IL Erdemir, A AF Heimberg, JA Wahl, KJ Singer, IL Erdemir, A TI Superlow friction behavior of diamond-like carbon coatings: Time and speed effects SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAR; FILMS AB The friction behavior of a diamond-like carbon coating was studied in reciprocating sliding contact at speeds from 0.01 to 5 mm/s, in dry nitrogen. "Superlow" friction coefficients of 0.003-0.008 were obtained in continuous sliding at the higher speeds (>1 mm/s). However, friction coefficients rose to values typical of diamond-like carbon in dry and ambient air (0.01-0.1) at lower speeds (<0.5 mm/s) as well as in time-delayed, higher speed tests. The rise of the friction coefficients in both speed and time-delay tests was in good quantitative agreement with gas adsorption kinetics predicted by the Elovich equation for adsorption onto carbon. More generally, superlow friction could be sustained, suppressed, and recovered as a function of exposure time, demonstrating that duty cycle cannot be ignored when predicting performance of superlow friction coatings in devices. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heimberg, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 716, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 19 TC 138 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 17 BP 2449 EP 2451 DI 10.1063/1.1366649 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 425RC UT WOS:000168304600012 ER PT J AU Magno, R Weaver, BD Bracker, AS Bennett, BR AF Magno, R Weaver, BD Bracker, AS Bennett, BR TI Proton irradiation of InAs/AlSb/GaSb resonant interband tunneling diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; DISORDER AB Room temperature current-voltage measurements have been made on InAs/AlSb/GaSb resonant interband tunnel diodes irradiated with 2 MeV protons to determine the effect of displacement damage on the negative resistance peak current I-p and the peak-to-valley current ratio P/V. Diodes with 5 and 13 ML AlSb barrier thickness were irradiated and measured several times until the total fluences reached 1x10(15) and 2x10(14) H+/cm(2), respectively. The current due to radiation-induced defects has a nonlinear voltage dependence, with a large increase occurring in the voltage range between the negative resistance peak and the valley. I-p increased < 50% while a large increase in the valley current decreased the P/V ratios to about 2. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 17 BP 2581 EP 2583 DI 10.1063/1.1363697 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 425RC UT WOS:000168304600056 ER PT J AU Qiao, LX Zhao, LY Rong, SB Wu, XW Wang, SM Fujii, T Kazanietz, MG Rauser, L Savage, J Roth, BL Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP AF Qiao, LX Zhao, LY Rong, SB Wu, XW Wang, SM Fujii, T Kazanietz, MG Rauser, L Savage, J Roth, BL Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP TI Rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of rigid pyrrolidone analogues as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ACTIVATOR-BINDING DOMAIN; ESTER-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; PHORBOL ESTER; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ALPHA EXPRESSION; 12-O-TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL-13-ACETATE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INDOLACTAM-V; PKC-DELTA; IDENTIFICATION AB In view of its role in tumor promotion and signal transduction, protein kinase C (PKC) has proven to be an exciting target for cancer therapy. With the aid of molecular modeling, we rationally designed and stereoselectively synthesized a new class of rigidified pyrrolidone-based PKC activators. Pyrrolidone 15 was found to exhibit reasonable affinity for PKC delta, with lower affinity for the other isozymes tested. Pyrrolidone 2 causes the dose-dependent induction of apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. This apoptotic effect could be markedly potentiated by the use of LNCaP cells overexpressing the PKC alpha or delta isozymes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Expt Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biochem & Neurosci, NIMH, Psychioact Drug Screening Program, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Roth, Bryan/F-3928-2010; Wang, Shaomeng/E-9686-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA79601]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH 01366] NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2001 VL 11 IS 8 BP 955 EP 959 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(01)00097-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 422TW UT WOS:000168136200001 PM 11327599 ER PT J AU Gizis, JE Kirkpatrick, JD Burgasser, A Reid, IN Monet, DG Liebert, J Wilson, JC AF Gizis, JE Kirkpatrick, JD Burgasser, A Reid, IN Monet, DG Liebert, J Wilson, JC TI Substellar companions to main-sequence stars: No brown dwarf desert at wide separations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; MULTIPLICITY; DISCOVERY; COOLER; 2MASS AB We use three field L and T dwarfs that were discovered to be wide companions to known stars by the Two Micron All-Sky Survey to derive a preliminary brown dwarf companion frequency. Observed L and T dwarfs indicate that brown dwarfs are not unusually rare as wide (Delta > 1000 AU) systems to F-M0 main-sequence stars (M > 0.5 M., M-v < 9.5), even though they are rare at close separation ( < 3 AU; the "brown dwarf desert"). Stellar companions in these separation ranges are equally frequent, but brown dwarfs are 10 times as frequent for wide than close separations. A brown dwarf wide-companion frequency as low as the 0.5% seen in the brown dwarf desert is ruled out by currently available observations. C1 CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gizis, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, MS 100-22,770 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Gizis, John/0000-0002-8916-1972 NR 27 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2001 VL 551 IS 2 BP L163 EP L166 DI 10.1086/320017 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 427BJ UT WOS:000168384700010 ER PT J AU Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC AF Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC TI Second harmonic generation from oxazine dyes at the air/water interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; CAPPED SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCLUSTERS; OPTICAL SUSCEPTIBILITY X(2); FUSED-SILICA/AIR INTERFACE; CRESYL VIOLET; LIQUID INTERFACES; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; PICOSECOND DYNAMICS AB Several oxazine laser dyes have been studied at the air/water interface by the surface-specific technique of second harmonic generation.(SHG) spectroscopy. Oxazine 720, cresyl violet, and Nile blue readily form H-aggregate type dimers in aqueous solutions. We report an SHG study of the air/water interface of aqueous solutions of these water-soluble dyes in which it appears that the SHG signals originate almost exclusively from the dimers. The dominance of the dimer in the SHG process holds over a wide range of dye concentration and monomer-to-dimer ratios. The measurements were carried out with incident laser wavelengths near 600 nm, which are resonant with the first electronic transition, and include SHG spectra, solution composition dependence (i.e., dye concentration and salt (NaCl), surfactant, etc.), and polarization dependence. Addition of salt to the dye solutions increases the observed SHG signal intensity to a much greater extent (by as much as a factor of 30) than it promotes bulk aggregation. The SHG polarization dependence, i.e., the molecular orientation, remains unchanged. This suggests that the dimer concentration increases at the surface with the solution bulk ionic strength to a greater extent than for the bulk solution. The high concentration of dimers at the surface is consistent with the results of previous studies that reveal the less polar nature of the air/water interface relative to bulk water. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 70 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 19 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 15 BP 3062 EP 3072 DI 10.1021/jp003893q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 424WV UT WOS:000168257700030 ER PT J AU Ulmer, MP Matz, SM Grove, JE Strickman, MS Kurfess, JD Ruderman, M Zhu, T Ho, C AF Ulmer, MP Matz, SM Grove, JE Strickman, MS Kurfess, JD Ruderman, M Zhu, T Ho, C TI Search for redshifted annihilation radiation from the crab pulsar SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : theory; pulsars : individual (Crab Pulsar) ID GAMMA-RAY; LINE AB We present new stringent upper limits to a redshifted e(+/-) annihilation radiation line from the Crab pulsar. These upper limits are based on OSSE observations that were optimized for the 400-500 keV range. We have searched for the emission over several different phase intervals of the pulsar light curve. We find no evidence for the redshifted emission at 440 keV reported by the FIGARO team. The typical 3 sigma upper limit to phase-averaged flux (i.e., the net flux from the pulsar averaged over the entire light curve) is about 2x10(-5) photons cm(-2) s(-1). This value is about a factor of 4 lower than the 3 sigma flux reported by the FIGARO team. This result places significant new constraints on some models in which positrons are flowing down toward the surface of the Crab pulsar. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Sci Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 18 PY 2001 VL 551 IS 1 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1086/320050 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 423AF UT WOS:000168152200022 ER PT J AU Carr, JS Mathieu, RD Najita, JR AF Carr, JS Mathieu, RD Najita, JR TI Evidence for residual material in accretion disk gaps: CO fundamental emission from the T Tauri spectroscopic binary DQ Tauri SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : pre-main-sequence ID PLANETARY SYSTEMS; YOUNG OBJECTS; MASS-FLOW; STARS; MIGRATION AB We present the discovery of CO fundamental rovibrational emission from the classical T Tauri spectroscopic binary DQ Tau. The high-resolution infrared echelle spectra reveal emission lines from both the nu = 1 and nu = 2 vibrational levels with line widths of roughly 70 km s(-1). The average CO excitation temperature is approximately 1200 K. We model the spectra as arising from gas in Keplerian rotation about the center of mass of the binary. The disk model requires gas with an average surface density of 5 x 10(-4) g cm(-2) that extends outward to 0.5 +/- 0.1 AU and inward to at least 0.1 AU from the center of mass. The radial extent for the emitting gas is close to the predicted size of the gap in the DQ Tau accretion disk that is expected to be dynamically cleared by the binary. We interpret these results, and previous modeling of DQ Tau's spectral energy distribution, as evidence for a small amount (similar to 10(-10) M.) of diffuse material residing within the optically thin disk gap. Thus, dynamical clearing has not been completely efficient in the DQ Tau binary. We suggest that the material is associated with a flow from the circumbinary disk which feeds the ongoing accretion at the stellar surfaces. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Carr, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 18 PY 2001 VL 551 IS 1 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1086/320071 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 423AF UT WOS:000168152200038 ER PT J AU Norton, TF AF Norton, TF TI Crew cut SO FORBES LA English DT Letter C1 USN Reserves, Easton, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FORBES INC PI NEW YORK PA 60 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0015-6914 J9 FORBES JI Forbes PD APR 16 PY 2001 VL 167 IS 9 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA 418TV UT WOS:000167908200005 ER PT J AU Schulz, A Rex, M Harris, NRP Braathern, GO Reimer, E Alfier, R Kilbane-Dawe, I Eckermann, S Allaart, M Alpers, M Bojkov, B Cisneros, J Claude, H Cuevas, E Davies, J De Backer, H Dier, H Dorokhov, V Fast, H Godin, S Johnson, B Kois, B Kondo, Y Kosmidis, E Kyro, E Litynska, Z Mikkelsen, IS Molyneux, MJ Murphy, G Nagai, T Nakane, H O'Connor, F Parrondo, C Schmidlin, FJ Skrivankova, P Varotsos, C Vialle, C Viatte, P Yushkov, V Zerefos, C von der Gathen, P AF Schulz, A Rex, M Harris, NRP Braathern, GO Reimer, E Alfier, R Kilbane-Dawe, I Eckermann, S Allaart, M Alpers, M Bojkov, B Cisneros, J Claude, H Cuevas, E Davies, J De Backer, H Dier, H Dorokhov, V Fast, H Godin, S Johnson, B Kois, B Kondo, Y Kosmidis, E Kyro, E Litynska, Z Mikkelsen, IS Molyneux, MJ Murphy, G Nagai, T Nakane, H O'Connor, F Parrondo, C Schmidlin, FJ Skrivankova, P Varotsos, C Vialle, C Viatte, P Yushkov, V Zerefos, C von der Gathen, P TI Arctic ozone loss in threshold conditions: Match observations in 1997/1998 and 1998/1999 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WINTER; DEPLETION; STRATOSPHERE; VORTEX AB Chemical ozone loss rates inside the Arctic polar vortex were determined in early 1998 and early 1999 by using the Match technique based on coordinated ozonesonde measurements. These two winters provide the only opportunities in recent years to investigate chemical ozone loss in a warm Arctic vortex under threshold conditions, i.e., where the preconditions for chlorine activation, and hence ozone destruction, only occurred occasionally. In 1998, results were obtained in January and February between 410 and 520 K. The overall ozone loss was observed to be largely insignificant; with the exception of late February, when those air parcels exposed to temperatures below 195 K were affected by chemical ozone loss. In 1999, results are confined to the 475 K isentropic level, where no significant ozone loss was observed. Average temperatures were some 8 degrees - 10 degrees higher than those in 1995, 1996, and 1997, when substantial chemical ozone loss occurred. The results underline the strong dependence of the chemical ozone loss on the stratospheric temperatures. This study shows that enhanced chlorine alone does not provide a sufficient condition for ozone loss. The evolution of stratospheric temperatures over the next decade will be the determining factor for the amount of wintertime chemical ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. European Ozone Res Coordinating Unit, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. FU Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, D-18221 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. Inst Nacl Meteorol, Madrid 28071, Spain. Deutsch Wetterdienst, Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Inst Nacl Meteorol, Tenerife, Spain. Atmospher Environm Serv, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Royal Meteorol Inst, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, D-15864 Lindenberg, Germany. Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, CNRS, F-75230 Paris 05, France. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Ozone & Water Vapour Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Ctr Aerol, Inst Meteorol & Water Management, PL-95119 Legionowo, Poland. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, Salonika 45006, Greece. Sodankyla Meteorol Observ, Sodankyla 99600, Finland. Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Meteorol Off, Wokingham RG40 3DN, Berks, England. Irish Meteorol Serv, Valentia Observ, Cahirciveen, County Kerry, Ireland. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. Inst Nacl Tecn Aerosp, Madrid 28850, Spain. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Island, VA 23337 USA. Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Uppsala Air & Surface Observat Dept, Prague 14306, Czech Republic. Univ Athens, Dept Appl Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Observat, F-91371 Verrieres Buisson, France. Swiss Meteorol Inst, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. RP Schulz, A (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, POB 600149, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Varotsos, Costas/H-6257-2013; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Varotsos, Costas/0000-0001-7215-3610; Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Nakane, Hideaki/0000-0002-9032-6105; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006 NR 17 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D7 BP 7495 EP 7503 DI 10.1029/2000JD900653 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 423QZ UT WOS:000168189400022 ER PT J AU Hoyt, RE Bowling, LS AF Hoyt, RE Bowling, LS TI Reducing readmissions for congestive heart failure SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY PATIENTS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; THERAPY AB Hospital admission for congestive heart failure is extremely common and quite expensive, although it is frequently preventable. New drugs and therapies have been reported to reduce admissions, decrease morbidity and mortality, and improve the quality of life for these patients. Patients with an ejection fraction less than 40 percent (decreased systolic function) should be treated with medication to improve symptoms and prevent progression of heart failure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a mainstay of treatment in patients who can tolerate them; in patients who cannot take these drugs, angiotensin II receptor blocking agents offer an alternative. Patients with New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure should also receive a beta blocker (metoprolol, carvedilol or bisoprolol). Recent research has shown that treatment with spironolactone improves mortality and hospital readmission rates. An exercise program should also be recommended for all patients with heart failure unless their condition is unstable. C1 USN, Naval Hosp Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Hoyt, RE (reprint author), USN, Naval Hosp Pensacola, Code 51,6000 Hwy,98 West, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 8 BP 1593 EP 1598 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 424KM UT WOS:000168231500011 PM 11327436 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Riddle, J Rubertone, M Trump, D Alter, MJ Cruess, DF Han, XH Nainam, OV Seeff, LB Mazzuchi, JF Bailey, S AF Hyams, KC Riddle, J Rubertone, M Trump, D Alter, MJ Cruess, DF Han, XH Nainam, OV Seeff, LB Mazzuchi, JF Bailey, S TI Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in the US military: A seroepidemiologic survey of 21,000 troops SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis; hepatitis C; hepatitis C antibodies; hepatitis C, chronic; hepatitis, viral, human; hepatitis viruses; military medicine; substance abuse, intravenous ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; CLINICAL OUTCOMES; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-USE; PERSONNEL; TRANSMISSION; PARTNERS; JAPAN AB Because of a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (10-20%) among veterans seeking care in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals, current US military forces were evaluated for HCV infection. Banked serum samples were randomly selected from military personnel serving in 1997 and were tested for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV). Overall prevalence of anti-HCV among 10,000 active-duty personnel was 0.48% (5/1,000 troops); prevalence increased with age from 0.1% among military recruits and active-duty personnel aged <30 years to 3.0% among troops aged 40 years. Prevalence among 2,000 Reservists and active-duty troops was similar. Based on sequential serum samples from 7,368 active-duty personnel (34,020 person-years of observation), annual incidence of infection was 2/10,000. Of 81 HCV RNA-positive troops for whom genotype was determined, genotypes 1a (63%) and 1b (22%) predominated, as in the civilian population. These data indicate that HCV infection risk among current military forces is lower than in VA studies and the general civilian population aged <40 years. The low level of HCV infection may be attributed to infrequent injection drug use in the military due to mandatory testing for illicit drugs prior to induction and throughout military service. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Army Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20422 USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 39 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 153 IS 8 BP 764 EP 770 DI 10.1093/aje/153.8.764 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 422AC UT WOS:000168094900006 PM 11296148 ER PT J AU Picciolo, LC Murata, H Kafafi, ZH AF Picciolo, LC Murata, H Kafafi, ZH TI Organic light-emitting devices with saturated red emission using 6,13-diphenylpentacene SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; EUROPIUM COMPLEX; THIN-FILMS; EFFICIENT; DIODES; BRIGHT; DOPANT AB Organic electroluminescent devices with saturated red emission were developed using 6,13-diphenylpentacene (DPP) doped into tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum III (Alq(3)). DPP exhibits a narrow emission spectrum giving rise to a saturated red peak, centered around 625 nm, with excellent chromaticity coordinates (x=0.63 and y = 0.34) in accordance with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. An absolute photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (phi (PL)) of similar to 30% was measured for a composite film of 0.55 mol% of DPP doped into Alq(3). An electroluminescence (EL) quantum efficiency of 1.3% at 100 A/m(2), close to the estimated theoretical limit (1.5%), was measured for an unoptimized device structure that consists of an active emissive layer sandwiched between hole- and electron-transport layers. In addition, the EL quantum efficiency is constant or stable over a wide range of current densities (1-1000 A/m(2)) or luminance values (1-1000 cd/m(2)). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kafafi, ZH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 31 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 16 BP 2378 EP 2380 DI 10.1063/1.1362259 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 425EK UT WOS:000168275200038 ER PT J AU Pincus, SH Cawthra, EM McRae, KA Braff, DL Adler, LE AF Pincus, SH Cawthra, EM McRae, KA Braff, DL Adler, LE TI Impaired auditory sensory gating in soldiers preparing for extended deployment to Bosnia SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Denver VAMC, Denver, CO USA. USA, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN Reserve, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 8 SU S MA 138 BP 39S EP 39S PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 423ET UT WOS:000168163000136 ER PT J AU Cunningham, JA Rahme, H Hopkins, GD Lebron, C Reinhard, M AF Cunningham, JA Rahme, H Hopkins, GD Lebron, C Reinhard, M TI Enhanced in situ bioremediation of BTEX contaminated groundwater by combined injection of nitrate and sulfate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCING CONDITIONS; DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENRICHMENT CULTURES; BENZENE DEGRADATION; SEAL BEACH; TOLUENE; BIODEGRADATION AB Enhancement of in situ anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX compounds was demonstrated at a petroleum-contaminated aquifer in Seal Beach, CA. Specifically, combined injection of nitrate and sulfate into the contaminated aquifer was used to accelerate BTEX removal as compared to remediation by natural attenuation. An array of multi-level sampling wells was used to monitor the evolution of the in situ spatial distributions of the electron accepters and the BTEX compounds. Nitrate was utilized preferentially over sulfate and was completely consumed within a horizontal distance of 4-6 m from the injection well; sulfate reduction occurred in the region outside the denitrifying zone. By combining injection of both nitrate and sulfate, the total electron acceptor capacity was enhanced without violating practical considerations that limit the amount of nitrate or sulfate that can be added individually. Degradation of total xylene appears linked to sulfate utilization, indicating another advantage of combined injection versus injection of nitrate alone. Benzene degradation also appears to have been stimulated by the nitrate and sulfate injection close to the injection well but only toward the end of the 15-month demonstration. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that benzene can be biodegraded anaerobically after other preferentially degraded hydrocarbons have been removed. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Restorat Dev Branch, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Reinhard, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM reinhard@cive.stanford.edu NR 44 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1663 EP 1670 DI 10.1021/es001722t PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422BX UT WOS:000168099000017 PM 11329718 ER PT J AU Stoyanov, AJ Fischer, EC Uberall, H AF Stoyanov, AJ Fischer, EC Uberall, H TI Effective medium theory for large particulate size composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB The present study extends our previous work that concerned the effective permittivities and absorptivities of particulate composites consisting of graphite-type microsphere inclusions in a dielectric matrix, and their suitability as radar-absorbing materials. Whereas in that work spheres of one size (radius a=50 mum) had been considered only, we here study the dependence of the results on the sphere radius of up to one or several millimeters, and find sizable effects on permittivities for a greater than or equal to1 mm, and below that for the absorptivities, indicating the increasing importance of multiple scattering effects. While the multiple-scattering formulas utilized here are based on a low-frequency approximation, we devise a modification of these formulas in order to extend their validity to higher frequencies (or larger particle sizes). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Stoyanov, AJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 8 BP 4486 EP 4490 DI 10.1063/1.1352683 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 417HB UT WOS:000167828500041 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Perkins, HT Teague, WJ Hogan, PJ AF Jacobs, GA Perkins, HT Teague, WJ Hogan, PJ TI Summer transport through the Tsushima-Korea Strait SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article AB Transport variations through the Korea-Tsushima Strait are examined from two lines of bottom-moored acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed southwest and northeast of Tsushima Island in May 1999. Almost full-depth velocity profiles are measured, An optimal interpolation (OI) scheme is used to interpolate the data spatially and to provide error estimates along each section. The strong northeastward current core through the southern section lies approximately in the center of the strait, and small southwestward flows occur sporadically near both the Korea and Japan coasts. Much of the flow through the northern line occurs near the Korea and Japan coasts, with a weak southwestward mean flow and large variability in the strait center on the leeside of Tsushima Island. The estimated mean transport is 2.9 sverdrups (Sv) through the southern line and 3.5 Sv through the northern line. The northern line does not extend close to the Korea coast where there is significant flow. Expected errors in the transport estimates at any time are about 0.5 Sv RMS for each mooring line. The gradual transport increase through the summer is carried through the center of the southern line and on the Korea side of the strait through the northern line. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Jacobs, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C4 BP 6917 EP 6929 DI 10.1029/2000JC000289 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 422UJ UT WOS:000168137400006 ER PT J AU Shen, CY Evans, TE AF Shen, CY Evans, TE TI Surface-to-subsurface velocity projection for shallow water currents SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR; HF RADAR AB Sea surface currents in coastal oceans are accessible to continuous direct observations by shore-based high-frequency Doppler radar systems. Inferring current structure in shallow water from such surface current observations is attempted. The approach assumes frictionally dominated Row and vertically varying current velocity on the scale of the Ekman boundary layer. The approximation of the velocity variation with depth is consequently derivable in terms of orthogonal basis functions from the sea surface kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions; specifically, the viscous momentum and shear equations evaluated at the sea surface. The inference procedure developed is demonstrated with sea surface data obtained in the coastal High-Resolution Remote Sensing Experiment on the continental shelf off Cape Hatteras. Despite uncertainties in the surface measurements, qualitative agreement is obtained between the inferred subsurface current and the current measured in situ. The sensitivity of the inference to the measurement uncertainties as well as to the model assumptions is investigated, and the inferred result is found to be generally robust. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C4 BP 6973 EP 6984 DI 10.1029/2000JC000267 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 422UJ UT WOS:000168137400010 ER PT J AU Resio, DT Pihl, JH Tracy, BA Vincent, CL AF Resio, DT Pihl, JH Tracy, BA Vincent, CL TI Nonlinear energy fluxes and the finite depth equilibrium range in wave spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DISPERSION CHARACTERISTICS; GENERATED GRAVITY-WAVES; BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; OCEAN WAVES; WATER; FORM; DISSIPATION; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Results using a finite depth representation of Webb's [1978] transformation of Herterich and Hasselmann's [1980] equation for the rate of change of energy density in a random-phase, spatially homogeneous, finite depth wave spectrum show that the equilibrium range in finite depth preserves a k(-2.5) form consistent with Resio and Perrie's [1991] deepwater results and that the relaxation time toward an equilibrium range in shallow water is considerably faster than in deep water. Results from this finite depth nonlinear energy transfer representation compared to previously calculated results of analytical spectral situations show agreement, and the finite depth Zakharov [1968] and Herterich and Hasselmann [1980] forms are shown to be numerically equivalent. Spectral analyses of matching wave spectra sets at sites in 8 and 18 m depths at Duck, North Carolina, show a k(-2.5) shape in the equilibrium range and show energy gains above the spectral peak and at high frequencies with energy loss in the midrange of frequencies near the spectral peak, consistent with four-wave interactions. Spectral energy losses between these two sites correlate with spectral energy fluxes to high frequencies, again consistent with four-wave interactions. The equilibrium range coefficient shows strong dependence on friction velocity at both gages. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Resio, DT (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3908 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C4 BP 6985 EP 7000 DI 10.1029/2000JC900153 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 422UJ UT WOS:000168137400011 ER PT J AU McCreary, JP Kohler, KE Hood, RR Smith, S Kindle, J Fischer, AS Weller, RA AF McCreary, JP Kohler, KE Hood, RR Smith, S Kindle, J Fischer, AS Weller, RA TI Influences of diurnal and intraseasonal forcing on mixed-layer and biological variability in the central Arabian Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL; PACIFIC; MODEL; DEPTH AB A three-dimensional. physical-biological model of the Indian Ocean is used to study the: influences of diurnal and intraseasonal forcing on mixed-layer and biological variability in the central Arabian Sea, where a mooring was deployed and maintained from October 1994 to October 1995 by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Upper Ocean Processes group. The physical model consists of four active layers overlying an inert deep ocean, namely, a surface mixed layer of thickness h(1), diurnal thermocline layer, seasonal thermocline, and main thermocline. The biological model consists of a set of advective-diffusive equations in each layer that determine nitrogen concentrations in four compartments: nutrients, phytoplankton. zooplankton, and detritus. Both monthly climatological and "daily" fields are used to force solutions, the latter being a blend of daily-averaged fields measured at the mooring site and other products that include intraseasonal forcing. Diurnal forcing is included by allowing the incoming solar radiation to have a daily cycle In solutions forced by climatological fields, h(1) thickens steadily throughout both monsoons. When h(1) detrains at their ends, short-lived, intense blooms develop (the model's spring and fall blooms) owing to the increase in depth-averaged light intensity sensed by the phytoplankton in layer 1. In solutions forced by daily fields. h(1) thins in a series of events associated with monsoon break periods. As a result, the spring and fall blooms are split into a series of detrainment blooms. broadening them considerably. Diurnal forcing alters the mixed-layer and biological responses. among other things. by lengthening the time that h(1) is thick during the northeast monsoon, by strengthening the spring and fall blooms and delaying them by 3 weeks, and by intensifying phytoplankton levels during intermonsoon periods. Solutions are compared with the mixed-layer thickness. phytoplankton biomass. and phytoplankton production fields estimated from mooring observations. The solution driven by daily fields with diurnal forcing reproduces the observed fields most faithfully. C1 Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Nova Sw Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McCreary, JP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013 NR 29 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C4 BP 7139 EP 7155 DI 10.1029/2000JC900156 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 422UJ UT WOS:000168137400022 ER PT J AU Riley, JL Blair, PJ Musser, JT Abe, R Tezuka, K Tsuji, T June, CH AF Riley, JL Blair, PJ Musser, JT Abe, R Tezuka, K Tsuji, T June, CH TI ICOS costimulation requires IL-2 and can be prevented by CTLA-4 engagement SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CD28 COSTIMULATION; LYMPHOCYTES-T; GROWTH-FACTOR; CUTTING EDGE; PROTEIN ICOS; MOLECULE; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN AB We investigated the relationship between ICOS, CD28, CTLA-4, and IL-2 to gain a better understanding of this family of costimulatory receptors in the immune response. Using magnetic beads coated with anti-CD3 and varying amounts of anti-ICOS and anti-CTLA-4 Abs, we show that CTLA-4 ligation blocks ICOS costimulation. In addition to inhibiting cellular proliferation, CTLA-4 engagement prevented ICOS-costimulated T cells from producing IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. Both an indirect and direct mechanism of CTLA-4's actions were examined. First, CTLA-4 engagement on resting cells was found to indirectly block ICOS costiniulation by interferring with the signals needed to induce ICOS cell surface expression. Second, on preactivated cells that had high levels of ICOS expression, CTLA-4 ligation blocked the ICOS-mediated induction of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, suggesting an interference with downstream signaling pathways. The addition of IL-2 not only overcame both mechanisms, but also greatly augmented the level of cellular activation suggesting synergy between ICOS and IL-2 signaling. This cooperation between ICOS and IL-2 signaling was explored further by showing that the minimum level of IL-2 produced by ICOS costimulation was required for T cell proliferation. Finally, exogenous IL-2 was required for sustained growth of ICOS-costimulated T cells. These results indicate that stringent control of ICOS costimulation is maintained initially by CTLA-4 engagement and later by a requirement for exogenous IL-2. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mol & Cellular Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Abramson Family Canc Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIDDK, USN, Med Res Ctr, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Sci Univ Tokyo, Res Inst Biol Sci, Chiba, Japan. JT Inc, Pharmaceut Frontier Res Labs, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Riley, JL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mol & Cellular Engn, 421 Curie Blvd,Biomed Res Bldg 2-3,Room 508, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Tsuji, Takashi/N-6086-2015; OI Riley, James/0000-0002-1057-576X NR 35 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 166 IS 8 BP 4943 EP 4948 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 471VA UT WOS:000170948300020 PM 11290772 ER PT J AU Cho, K Koh, H Park, J Oh, SJ Kim, HD Han, M Park, JH Chen, CT Kim, YD Kim, JS Jonker, BT AF Cho, K Koh, H Park, J Oh, SJ Kim, HD Han, M Park, JH Chen, CT Kim, YD Kim, JS Jonker, BT TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of diluted magnetic semiconductors: Zn(1-xMxSe M = Mn, Fe, Co) and Zn1-xMnxY (Y = Se, Te) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; 3D PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; P-D HYBRIDIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PARTIAL DENSITY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ANDERSON MODEL; ALLOYS; CD1-XMNXTE AB We have investigated 3d electronic states of doped transition metals in II-VI diluted magnetic semiconduc rors Zn1-xMxSe (M = Mn,Fe,Co) and Zn1-xMnxY (Y = Se,Te), using the transition-metal L-2,L-3-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements. In order to explain the XAS spectra, we employed a tetragonal cluster model calculation, which includes not only the full ionic multiplet structure but also configuration interaction (CI). The results show that CI is essential to describe the experimental spectra adequately, indicating the strong hybridization between the transition metal 3d and the ligand p orbitals. In the study of Zn1-xMnxY (Y = Se,Te), we also found considerable spectral change in the Mn L-2,L-3-edge XAS spectra for different ligands, confirming the importance of the hybridization effects in these materials. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Seoul, Dept Phys, Seoul 130743, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. Sook Myung Womens Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 140742, South Korea. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Oh, SJ (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 15 AR 155203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.155203 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 424CW UT WOS:000168215400049 ER EF