FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Singh, DJ Mazin, II AF Singh, DJ Mazin, II TI Electronic structure and magnetism of Sr3Ru2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; EXTENDED VANHOVE SINGULARITY; FERMI-SURFACE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; BAND-STRUCTURE; METAL; FERROMAGNETISM; CRYSTAL; 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1.0 AB The electronic structure of layered Sr3Ru2O7 in its orthorhombic structure is investigated using density functional calculations. The band structure near the Fermi energy, consists of Ru t(2g) states hybridized with O p orbitals. The gz and st bands, which are largely responsible for the nesting related antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in Sr(2)Ru4 split pairwise into even and odd combinations due to the interlayer coupling reducing the strength of the nesting. The xy bands show much less interplanar coupling as expected, and also less c-axis dispersion, so that the barrel-like sections are largely intact compared to the single layer material. The zone folding due to orthorhombicity yields small cylindrical lens shaped Fermi surfaces centered at the midpoints of the former tetragonal Gamma -X lines. Fixed spin moment calculations indicate that tetragonal Sr3Ru2O7 is borderline ferromagnetic but that orthorhombicity favors magnetism via a substantial magnetoelastic coupling. These results are related to experimental observations particularly in regard to magnetic properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 57 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 16 AR 165101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.165101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 426HH UT WOS:000168343400020 ER PT J AU Alt, JA Obal, F Majde, JA Krueger, JM AF Alt, JA Obal, F Majde, JA Krueger, JM TI Impairment of the sleep response to influenza infection in mice with a defective GHRH-receptor. SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Albert Szent Gyorgyi Med Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Physiol, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 24 SU S MA 239 BP A144 EP A145 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 424KF UT WOS:000168230900241 ER PT J AU Chen, L Fang, J Majde, JA Krueger, JM AF Chen, L Fang, J Majde, JA Krueger, JM TI Effects of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on spontaneous sleep in mice SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 24 SU S MA 240 BP A145 EP A145 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 424KF UT WOS:000168230900242 ER PT J AU Rosekind, MR Neri, DF Gregory, KB Mallis, MM Bowman, SL Oyung, RL AF Rosekind, MR Neri, DF Gregory, KB Mallis, MM Bowman, SL Oyung, RL TI A NASA education and training module on alertness management: A survey of implementation and application SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Raytheon STX, Lexington, MA USA. San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2001 VL 24 SU S MA 737 BP A415 EP A416 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 424KF UT WOS:000168230900735 ER PT J AU Desai, KM Fey, AL AF Desai, KM Fey, AL TI Anisotropic interstellar scattering toward the Cygnus region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM : general; radio continuum; ISM; scattering; turbulence ID ANGULAR BROADENING MEASUREMENTS; REFERENCE FRAME SOURCES; LOW GALACTIC LATITUDES; RADIO-SOURCE; REFRACTIVE SCINTILLATION; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; TURBULENCE; VLA; CONSTRAINTS; PLASMA AB We report on multifrequency VLBA observations of interstellar scattering (ISS) toward four extragalactic sources seen through the Cygnus region, 2005 + 403, 2008 + 332, 2021 + 317, and 2048 + 312. We are able to successfully determine scattering disk parameters at frequencies up to 5.0 GHz for 2005 + 403 and 2008 + 332 and up to 2.3 GHz for 2048 + 312. We were unable to reliably determine scattering disk parameters for 2021 + 317 at frequencies from 8.5 GHz down to 1.67 GHz because of its complex intrinsic source structure. The scattering disks are elliptical with axial ratios of about 0.75:1 with little measurable variation between these sources. We interpret our measurements as due to the effects of anisotropic interstellar turbulence. The anisotropy parameters, axial ratio and position angle, for those sources for which we have data at multiple frequencies appear to be frequency-independent making refractive distortions of isotropic turbulence an unlikely explanation. Our estimates of beta, the power-law index of the power spectrum of electron density fluctuations, based upon direct model fits to the data on a source-by-source and frequency-by-frequency basis, are consistent with beta = 4 for most of the data but are strongly affected by our estimate of the intrinsic structure of the sources. Two of these sources, 2005 + 403 and 2021 + 317, exhibit significant intrinsic source structure at frequencies as low as 1.67 GHz, while the other two, 2008 + 332 and 2048 + 312, lack discernible source structure at frequencies lower then 2.3 GHz. The frequency scalings of the scattered angular sizes are also consistent with beta = 4. We discuss the implications of our measurements for the inner and outer scales of the turbulence. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Desai, KM (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR 13 PY 2001 VL 133 IS 2 BP 395 EP 411 DI 10.1086/320349 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 421FQ UT WOS:000168054500005 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, S Vaitkevicius, H Lockette, W AF MacKenzie, S Vaitkevicius, H Lockette, W TI Sequencing and characterization of the human thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (SLC12A3) gene promoter SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DNA-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; KIDNEY; ELEMENT; FAMILY; EXPRESSION; CLONING; PROTEIN; CELLS AB The thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter SLC12A3 displays expression restricted to distal convoluted tubule cells where it catalyzes the uptake of sodium and chloride through the apical membrane, We sequenced 1959 bp of the 5 ' flanking region of human SLC12A3, located the area of transcription initiation, and used deletion constructs of the flanking region to determine areas that affect reporter gene expression in two cell lines, MDCT and CHO. Amplification of the 5 ' end of SLC12A3 cDNA from an adapter-ligated human kidney cDNA library demonstrated that transcription initiation is confined to an area from -18 to -6 bp upstream of the translation start codon. Maximum promoter activity (9.815 +/- 0.864 times control) was observed in MDCT cells using a promoter containing 1019 bp of the 5 ' flanking region, A promoter containing only 134 bp of the 5 ' flanking region upstream of the translation initiation codon maintained reporter gene expression at levels equal to 75% of that maximally observed (7.375 +/- 0.533 times control). Sequence analysis of this minimal promoter responsible for most of the SLC12A3 promoter activity revealed a TATA element, two Sp binding sites, a potential E box, and a potential binding site for NF-1/CTF or NY-I/CP-I. This promoter, and all other promoter constructs from SLC12A3, displayed repressor activity in CHO cells. A construct containing sequence 94 bp upstream of the initiation codon with two potential Sp binding sites was required for this repression, Protein-DNA interactions between the 182 bp region immediately upstream of the start codon and the nuclear proteins from rat kidney cortex and HeLa cells were examined to further clarify the role of the putative binding sites for SLC12A3 expression. Physiological studies investigating the effects of osmolarity, pH, and mineralocorticoid steroid on promoter activity demonstrated that the promoter activity was repressed by acidification, whereas no effects of increased osmolarity or deoxycorticosterone acetate addition were observed. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, Special Warfare Command, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. RP Lockette, W (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Command, 2000 Trident Way, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [2RO1 HL 50849] NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 13 PY 2001 VL 282 IS 4 BP 991 EP 1000 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4673 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 424XC UT WOS:000168258400023 PM 11352650 ER PT J AU Lean, J Rind, D AF Lean, J Rind, D TI Earth's response to a variable sun SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; SOLAR; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIANCE; DROUGHT; SIGNALS; RECORD; OZONE C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Lean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 26 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 13 PY 2001 VL 292 IS 5515 BP 234 EP 236 DI 10.1126/science.1060082 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 421QA UT WOS:000168074000033 PM 11305317 ER PT J AU Campbell, ML Plane, JMC AF Campbell, ML Plane, JMC TI Kinetic study of the gas-phase reaction of Ca(S-1(0)) with O-2 from 296 to 623 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE AB The reactivity of gas-phase ground-state calcium atoms with O-2 is reported from 296 to 623 K, Calcium atoms were produced by the photodissociation of Ca(FOD)(2) [where FOD represents the 6,6,7.7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionate ion] and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Calcium recombines with O-2 to form CaO2 in a reaction that exhibits a positive temperature dependence and is significantly in the falloff region even at pressures as low as 10 Torr. Ab initio quantum calculations are used to show that the reaction most likely proceeds on a tripler surface, where the Ca atom inserts into the O-O bond to form a triplet dioxide (B-3(2)) With a very low frequency bending mode. The surprisingly large rate coefficient at elevated temperatures is explained by the correspondingly high density of rovibrational states, and the positive temperature dependence by a small barrier in the entrance channel at the crossing point between the covalent and ionic diabats. RRKM theory, fitted to the experimental data, predicts the following expression for the rate coefficient from 140 to 1000 K and 10(-5) to 10(3) Torr: log(k(rec.0)/cm(6) molecule(-1) s(-1)) = -57.20 + 19.70 log T - 3.410(log T)(2), k(rec,infinity) = 1.36 x 10(-10) exp(-1020/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and F-c = 0.67. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Campbell, ML (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Plane, John/C-7444-2015 OI Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 12 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 14 BP 3515 EP 3520 DI 10.1021/jp003808e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 423LN UT WOS:000168177900012 ER PT J AU Mohseni, H Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Park, YS AF Mohseni, H Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Park, YS TI High-performance InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes for the very long wavelength infrared range SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; DETECTORS; GROWTH; PHOTOCONDUCTORS AB We report on the demonstration of high-performance p-i-n photodiodes based on type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices with 50% cut-off wavelength lambda (c)=16 mum operating at 80 K. Material is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates with excellent crystal quality as evidenced by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The processed devices show a current responsivity of 3.5 A/W at 80 K leading to a detectivity of similar to1.51x10(10) cmHz(1/2)/W. The quantum efficiency of these devices is about 35% which is comparable to HgCdTe detectors with a similar active layer thickness. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mohseni, H (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mohseni, Hooman/B-7253-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 16 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 15 BP 2107 EP 2109 DI 10.1063/1.1362179 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 418GA UT WOS:000167881500005 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Hellberg, CS Pederson, MR AF Kortus, J Hellberg, CS Pederson, MR TI Hamiltonian of the V-15 spin system from first-principles density-functional calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION; APPROXIMATION; NANOMAGNETS; CAV4O9 AB We report first-principles all-electron density-functional-based studies of the electronic structure, magnetic ordering, and anisotropy for the V-15 molecular magnet. From these calculations, we determine a Heisenberg Hamiltonian with five antiferromagnetic and one ferromagnetic exchange couplings. We perform direct diagonalization to determine the temperature dependence of the susceptibility. This Hamiltonian reproduces the experimentally observed spin S = 1/2 ground state and low-lying S = 3/2 excited state. A small anisotropy term is necessary to account for the temperature independent Dart of the magnetization curve. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kortus, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 24 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 15 BP 3400 EP 3403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3400 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 421CZ UT WOS:000168045700046 PM 11327980 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Uchino, K Viehland, D AF Chen, YH Uchino, K Viehland, D TI Substituent-introduction of "hard" polarization characteristics in "soft" Pb(BIBII)O-3-PbTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; DYNAMICS; RELAXOR AB The polarization versus field (P-E) characteristics of modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) and Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3-PbTiO3 (PSN-PT) ceramics has been investigated for compositions close to the morphotropic phase boundary. Investigations were performed for various types of lower valent substituents on the B-site cation positions. It has been found possible to introduce "hard" P-E characteristics in "soft" PMN-PT and PSN-PT ferroelectric ceramics. In PMN-PT, only Mn was found to be effective in introducing such characteristics, however, in PSN-PT various lower valent substituents on higher valent sites were found to be effective. The results indicate that using a defect-engineering approach that it may be possible to develop materials with combinatory characteristics of hard and soft ferroelectrics. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, SeaSyst Command, Newport, RI 02835 USA. RP Chen, YH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 7 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 7 BP 3928 EP 3933 DI 10.1063/1.1351864 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 413KE UT WOS:000167610900062 ER PT J AU Donnelly, DW Covington, BC Grun, J Fischer, RP Peckerar, M Felix, CL AF Donnelly, DW Covington, BC Grun, J Fischer, RP Peckerar, M Felix, CL TI Athermal annealing of low-energy boron implants in silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION; MICROSCOPY AB Silicon samples that have been ion implanted with boron at energies below 3 keV have been athermally annealed. The annealing process has been characterized using secondary ion mass spectrometry and infrared absorption spectroscopy. The athermally annealed samples show activation comparable to that for thermally annealed samples, but with much less boron diffusion. The activation in the athermally annealed samples is shown to be much higher than would be achieved by recrystallization of the amorphous layer. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 SW Texas State Univ, Dept Phys, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Donnelly, DW (reprint author), SW Texas State Univ, Dept Phys, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 14 BP 2000 EP 2002 DI 10.1063/1.1359784 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 415VT UT WOS:000167744800014 ER PT J AU Bussmann, K Prinz, GA Bass, R Zhu, JG AF Bussmann, K Prinz, GA Bass, R Zhu, JG TI Current-driven reversal in annular vertical giant magnetoresistive devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Experiments are reported that demonstrate the asymmetric switching behavior reported earlier in vertical giant magnetoresistance devices arises from the solid disk geometry of the device that produces a magnetic singularity at the disk center. Annular devices having a 0.1 mum center hole and 0.5 mum outer diameter are shown to switch symmetrically with an Amperian field. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Bussmann, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6345,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 14 BP 2029 EP 2030 DI 10.1063/1.1353819 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 415VT UT WOS:000167744800024 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Reinecke, TL Weidner, F Larionov, A McDonald, A Forchel, A AF Bayer, M Reinecke, TL Weidner, F Larionov, A McDonald, A Forchel, A TI Inhibition and enhancement of the spontaneous emission of quantum dots in structured microresonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONFINED OPTICAL MODES; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; DEPENDENCE; BOXES AB Spontaneous emission of quantum dot systems in laterally structured microcavities that exhibit photon confinement in all three directions has been studied by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. For on-resonance conditions, we find that the dot emission rate is increased substantially over that of the unstructured planar cavity. For off-resonance conditions, we are able to suppress the emission rate by an order of magnitude by using cavities with metal coatings, which we attribute to the suppression of leaky optical modes in these structures. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 15 TC 142 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 14 BP 3168 EP 3171 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3168 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 417ZX UT WOS:000167866300064 PM 11290134 ER PT J AU Axenrod, T Guan, XP Sun, JG Qi, L Chapman, RD Gilardi, RD AF Axenrod, T Guan, XP Sun, JG Qi, L Chapman, RD Gilardi, RD TI Synthesis of 3,3-bis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5,7,7-tetranitro-1,5-diazocine (TNFX), a diversified energetic heterocycle SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROTONITRONIUM; PROTOSOLVATION; CONVENIENT AB The syntheses of new 3,3-dinitro derivatives of the 1,5-diazocine ring system are described. Highly deactivated precursor ketones hexahydro-7,7-dinitro- 1,5-bis(2- and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)- 1,5-diazocin-3(2H)-ones (18) have been difluoraminated to the corresponding gem-bis(difluoramino)diazocines (19). The 1,5-bis(4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)diazocine derivative undergoes N-nitrolysis with the protonitronium reagent formed in the nitric acid-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-antimony pentafluoride system to produce 3,3-bis(difluoramino)octahydro- 1,5,7.7-tetranitro-1,5-diazocine 2 (TNFX), containing nitramine, gem-dinitro, and gem-bis(difluoramino) structural components. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Naval Aviat Sci & Technol Off, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Struct Matter Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Axenrod, T (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 14 BP 2621 EP 2623 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)00260-X PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 416HZ UT WOS:000167775400006 ER PT J AU Asif, SAS Colton, RJ Wahl, KJ AF Asif, SAS Colton, RJ Wahl, KJ TI Quantitative materials property measurement at the nanoscale through hybrid nanoindentation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tribiol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sasif@stm2.nrl.navy.mil; wahl@stm2.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 300-COLL BP U353 EP U353 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824702546 ER PT J AU Bowen, CW AF Bowen, CW TI Getting started in program assessment and evaluation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM bowen@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 1020-CHED BP U257 EP U257 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824701989 ER PT J AU Breen, ML Dinsmore, AD Qadir, SB Ratna, BR AF Breen, ML Dinsmore, AD Qadir, SB Ratna, BR TI Preparing photonic crystals from optically-hollow, zinc sulfide-coated polystyrene, core-shell particles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM breen@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 357-IEC BP U622 EP U622 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703965 ER PT J AU Carlin, RT Fuller, J AF Carlin, RT Fuller, J TI Supported ionic liquid membrane reactors: Energy savings with reduced materials requirements. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Off Naval Res, Phys Sci S&T Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlinr@onr.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 27-IEC BP U558 EP U558 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703639 ER PT J AU Devendorf, TE Bichay, MM Carpenter, PS AF Devendorf, TE Bichay, MM Carpenter, PS TI Ultra-fine aluminum production at NSWC-IHD. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM devendorfte@ih.navy.mil; carpenterps@ih.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 270-IEC BP U609 EP U609 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703883 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Stroud, RM Berry, AD Snow, AW Gillespie, DJ Ehrlich, AC AF Foos, EE Stroud, RM Berry, AD Snow, AW Gillespie, DJ Ehrlich, AC TI Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline bismuth telluride. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 359-IEC BP U623 EP U623 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703967 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y AF Furukawa, Y TI Quantitative determination of bioturbation and bioirrigation in cohesive sediments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Seafloor Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 183-GEOC BP U545 EP U545 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703596 ER PT J AU Gallagher, RM Ferrante, RF Moore, MH AF Gallagher, RM Ferrante, RF Moore, MH TI Radiation-induced conversions of hydrocarbons in environments relevant to Pluto. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Astrochem Branch, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 353-PHYS BP U287 EP U287 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824801675 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW VanderHart, D Asano, A Sutto, TE Awad, W Trulove, PC DeLong, H Davis, RD AF Gilman, JW VanderHart, D Asano, A Sutto, TE Awad, W Trulove, PC DeLong, H Davis, RD TI Recent advances in characterization and processing of flame retardant polymer nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Fire Sci, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 291-IEC BP U612 EP U612 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703904 ER PT J AU Graham, A AF Graham, A TI Industrial hygiene findings in Navy labs. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Ind Hyg Dept, San Diego, CA 92117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 29-CHAS BP U273 EP U273 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824702096 ER PT J AU Harris, DC AF Harris, DC TI Textbook and curriculum in the introductory quant course. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM harrisdc@navair.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 517-CHED BP U179 EP U179 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824701485 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Mikulski, PT Stuart, SJ AF Harrison, JA Mikulski, PT Stuart, SJ TI Tribology of alkane monolayers: The effects of tip flexibility and defects. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jah@nadn.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 490-COLL BP U383 EP U383 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824702735 ER PT J AU Heilshorn, SC Welsh, ER Tirrell, DA AF Heilshorn, SC Welsh, ER Tirrell, DA TI Endothelial cell culture on artificial extracellular matrix proteins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah@cheme.caltech.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 239-BIOT BP U146 EP U146 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700711 ER PT J AU In, CR Lane, KM Guerrero, JM George, RD AF In, CR Lane, KM Guerrero, JM George, RD TI Controlled leaching studies of chlorinated biphenyls from solid matrices into seawater. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. San Diego State Univ Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. Comp Sci Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 229-ENVR BP U481 EP U481 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703246 ER PT J AU In, CR Guerrero, JM Lane, KM George, RD AF In, CR Guerrero, JM Lane, KM George, RD TI Screening-level determination of chlorinated biphenyls in seawater matrices using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. San Diego State Univ Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 212-ENVR BP U478 EP U478 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703229 ER PT J AU Jouet, RJ Purdy, AP Wells, RL Janik, JF AF Jouet, RJ Purdy, AP Wells, RL Janik, JF TI Preparation of phase pure cubic gallium nitride, c-GaN, by ammonothermal conversion of gallium imide, {Ga(NH)(3/2)}(n). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Min & Met, Fac Fuels & Energy, Leoben, Austria. EM jjouet@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 390-INOR BP U697 EP U697 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824704421 ER PT J AU Kurihara, LK Lewis, D Imam, MA Jung, A Fliflet, AW AF Kurihara, LK Lewis, D Imam, MA Jung, A Fliflet, AW TI Millimeter wave driven polyol processing of nanocrystalline metals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kurihara@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 112-IEC BP U571 EP U571 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703722 ER PT J AU Kusterbeck, AW Shriver-Lake, L Holt, DB Patterson, CH Gauger, PR Charles, PT AF Kusterbeck, AW Shriver-Lake, L Holt, DB Patterson, CH Gauger, PR Charles, PT TI Environmental analysis in the field using an NRL biosensor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM awk@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 59-AGRO BP U54 EP U55 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700197 ER PT J AU Lewis, D Kurihara, LK Chase, M Fliflet, A Bykov, Y Eremeev, AG Egorov, SV AF Lewis, D Kurihara, LK Chase, M Fliflet, A Bykov, Y Eremeev, AG Egorov, SV TI Millimeter wave joining of ceramics and metals using reactive, nanophase brazes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Moscow V71, Russia. EM lewis@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Eremeev, Anatoly/A-7170-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 433-IEC BP U632 EP U633 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824704026 ER PT J AU Maya, EM Snow, AW Shirk, JS Flom, SR Pong, RGS Roberts, GL AF Maya, EM Snow, AW Shirk, JS Flom, SR Pong, RGS Roberts, GL TI Silicone substituted phthalocyanines for optical limiting applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 391-POLY BP U353 EP U353 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824802112 ER PT J AU Melinger, JS Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D AF Melinger, JS Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D TI Ultrafast energy transfer dynamics in a light-harvesting phenylacetylene dendrimer. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 132-PMSE BP U378 EP U378 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824802262 ER PT J AU Murday, JS AF Murday, JS TI Overview of defense programs in nanoscience. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM murday@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 263-IEC BP U608 EP U608 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703876 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hughes, JM Wynne, JH Hardy, DR AF Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hughes, JM Wynne, JH Hardy, DR TI Biofuels as a means of improving the environmental quality of petroleum middle distillate fuels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gmushrus@gmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 12-ENVR BP U446 EP U446 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703031 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Hwang, A AF Purdy, AP Hwang, A TI Synthesis of high-dielectric constant, crosslinked, silicone materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 352-PMSE BP U411 EP U411 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824802482 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Case, S George, C AF Purdy, AP Case, S George, C TI Ammonothermal transport and crystal growth of germanium and intermetallic compounds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM purdy1@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 731-INOR BP U748 EP U748 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824704761 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Majewski, J Smith, GS Kjaer, K Stenger-Smith, JD Lindsay, GA Merwin, LH Hollins, RA Chafin, AP Herman, WN AF Roberts, MJ Majewski, J Smith, GS Kjaer, K Stenger-Smith, JD Lindsay, GA Merwin, LH Hollins, RA Chafin, AP Herman, WN TI Syndioregic second order NLO polymer and its cyclic dimer: Self-assembly at the air-water interface. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Electroopt Sensors Div, Warminster, PA 18974 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 59-PMSE BP U367 EP U367 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824802189 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, DR TI Isn't a millennium of affirmative action for white men sufficient? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 8-WCC BP U488 EP U489 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824802935 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, DR TI Designing pore and solid networks in nanostructured architectures to optimize molecular response. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rolison@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 469-COLL BP U380 EP U380 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824702714 ER PT J AU Santos, JP Welsh, ER Singh, A Price, RR Gaber, BP AF Santos, JP Welsh, ER Singh, A Price, RR Gaber, BP TI Characterization and modification of substrates using molecular film assemblies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jps@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 454-COLL BP U377 EP U378 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824702699 ER PT J AU Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Flom, SR Hiltner, A Baer, E AF Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Flom, SR Hiltner, A Baer, E TI Nanostructured polymeric nonlinear photonic materials for optical limiting. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM shirk@sisyphus.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 353-IEC BP U622 EP U622 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703961 ER PT J AU Singh, A Spector, M Price, RR Schnur, JM AF Singh, A Spector, M Price, RR Schnur, JM TI Formation of nanotubules and nanohelices by modulating self-assembling properties of diacetylenic phosphocholines. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM asingh@ccsalpha3.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 355-IEC BP U622 EP U622 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703963 ER PT J AU Snow, AW Wohltjen, H Jarvis, NL AF Snow, AW Wohltjen, H Jarvis, NL TI Gold nanocluster vapor sensors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM snow@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 324-IEC BP U618 EP U618 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703937 ER PT J AU Tran, P Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Sundar, VC Bawendi, MG AF Tran, P Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Goldman, ER Anderson, GP Sundar, VC Bawendi, MG TI Bioconjugation of highly luminescent CdSe-ZnS quantum dots with engineered recombinant proteins for use in biosensing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mmauro@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 323-IEC BP U618 EP U618 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824703936 ER PT J AU Uilk, J Hayes, R Fox, RB Wynne, KJ AF Uilk, J Hayes, R Fox, RB Wynne, KJ TI Dynamic wetting behavior of hydrosilation-cured polydimethylsiloxane coatings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Sch Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Naval Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 370-POLY BP U349 EP U350 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PJ UT WOS:000168824802091 ER PT J AU Jawaheer, D Seldin, MF Amos, CI Chen, WV Shigeta, R Monteiro, J Kern, M Criswell, LA Albani, S Nelson, JL Clegg, DO Pope, R Schroeder, HW Bridges, SL Pisetsky, DS Ward, R Kastner, DL Wilder, RL Pincus, T Callahan, LF Flemming, D Wener, MH Gregersen, PK AF Jawaheer, D Seldin, MF Amos, CI Chen, WV Shigeta, R Monteiro, J Kern, M Criswell, LA Albani, S Nelson, JL Clegg, DO Pope, R Schroeder, HW Bridges, SL Pisetsky, DS Ward, R Kastner, DL Wilder, RL Pincus, T Callahan, LF Flemming, D Wener, MH Gregersen, PK TI A genomewide screen in multiplex rheumatoid arthritis families suggests genetic overlap with other autoimmune diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; COMPLEX TRAITS; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; LINKAGE STRATEGIES; AMERICAN PATIENTS; IDENTIFICATION; EPITOPE; 1Q AB Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune/inflammatory disorder with a complex genetic component. We report the first major genomewide screen of multiplex families with RA gathered in the United States. The North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium, using well-defined clinical criteria, has collected 257 families containing 301 affected sibling pairs with RA. A genome screen for allele sharing was performed, using 379 microsatellite markers. A nonparametric analysis using SIBPAL confirmed linkage of the HLA locus to RA (P<.00005), with (HLA) = HLA. However, the analysis also revealed a number of non-HLA loci on chromosomes 1 (D1S235), 4 (D4S1647), 12 (D12S373), 16 (D16S403), and 17 (D17S1301), with evidence for linkage at a significance level of P<.005. Analysis of X-linked markers using the MLOD method from ASPEX also suggests linkage to the telomeric marker DXS6807. Stratifying the families into white or seropositive subgroups revealed some additional markers that showed improvement in significance over the full data set. Several of the regions that showed evidence for nominal significance (P<.05) in our data set had previously been implicated in RA (D16S516 and D17S1301) or in other diseases of an autoimmune nature, including systemic lupus erythematosus (D1S235), inflammatory bowel disease (D4S1647, D5S1462, and D16S516), multiple sclerosis (D12S1052), and ankylosing spondylitis (D16S516). Therefore, genes in the HLA complex play a major role in RA susceptibility, but several other regions also contribute significantly to overall genetic risk. C1 N Shore Univ Hosp, Div Biol & Human Genet, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biomath, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Pediat Rheumatol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Immunogenet, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Med Res Serv,Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Durham VA Hosp, Durham, NC USA. Univ Oxford, Inst Biol Anthropol, Oxford, England. NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, CDR, MC, Dept Radiol,Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Dept Orthoped & Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gregersen, PK (reprint author), N Shore Univ Hosp, Div Biol & Human Genet, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 M01 RR-00079, M01 RR000079, P41 RR003655, 1 P41 RR03655]; NIAMS NIH HHS [N01-AR-7-2232, R01 AR044422, R01 AR44222] NR 34 TC 272 Z9 284 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 2001 VL 68 IS 4 BP 927 EP 936 DI 10.1086/319518 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 414KQ UT WOS:000167666000015 PM 11254450 ER PT J AU Whitford, DJ Vieira, MEC Waters, JK AF Whitford, DJ Vieira, MEC Waters, JK TI Teaching time-series analysis. I. Finite Fourier analysis of ocean waves SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The introduction of students to methods of time-series analysis is a pedagogical challenge, since the availability of easily manipulated computer Software presents an attractive alternative to an understanding of the computations, as well as their assumptions and limitations. A two-part pedagogical tutorial exercise is offered as a hands-on laboratory to complement classroom discussions or as a reference for students involved in independent research projects. The exercises are focused on the analysis of ocean waves, specifically wind-generated surface gravity waves. The exercises are cross-disciplinary in nature and can be extended to any other field dealing with random signal analysis. The first exercise introduces the manual arithmetic steps of a finite Fourier analysis of a wave record, develops a spectrum, and compares these results to the results obtained using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The second part of the exercise, described in the subsequent article, takes a longer wave record and addresses the theoretical and observed wave probability distributions of wave heights and sea surface elevations. These results are then compared to a FFT, thus linking the two pedagogical laboratory exercise parts for a more complete understanding of both exercises. (C) 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean & Marine Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whitford, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD APR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.1119/1.1331300 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 414UB UT WOS:000167683600016 ER PT J AU Whitford, DJ Waters, JK Vieira, MEC AF Whitford, DJ Waters, JK Vieira, MEC TI Teaching time-series analysis. II. Wave height and water surface elevation probability distributions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the second of a two-part series of pedagogical exercises to introduce students to methods of time-series analysis. While these exercises are focused on the analysis of wind generated surface,gravity:waves, they are cross-disciplinary in nature and can be applied to other fields dealing with random signal analysis. Two computer laboratory exercises are presented which enable students to understand many of the facets of random signal analysis with less difficulty and more understanding than standard classroom instruction alone. The first pedagogical exercise, described in the previous article, uses mathematical software on which the students execute the manual arithmetic operations of a finite Fourier analysis on a complex wave record. The results are then compared to those obtained by a fast Fourier transform. This article, the second of this two-part pedagogical series, addresses analysis of a complex sea using observed and theoretical wave height and water surface elevation probability distributions and wave spectra. These results are compared to a fast Fourier transform analysis, thus providing a link back to the first exercise. (C) 2001 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN Acad, Dept Naval Architecture & Ocean & Marine Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whitford, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD APR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1119/1.1331301 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 414UB UT WOS:000167683600017 ER PT J AU Lu, Q Collins, GE AF Lu, Q Collins, GE TI Microchip separations of transition metal ions via LED absorbance detection of their PAR complexes SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID PLANAR CHIPS TECHNOLOGY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SYSTEMS; MINIATURIZATION; INTEGRATION; DEVICE AB Micellar electrokinetic chromatography was utilized in the electrophoretic separation of seven transition metal ions, colorimetrically complexed by 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) on a glass capillary electrophoresis microchip. Detection of the PAR metal chelates was demonstrated using a green light emitting diode (540 nm) and a miniature photomultiplier tube. Parameters investigated included the effect of buffer type, pH and surfactant concentration (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) on the separation efficiency. The optimally determined background electrolyte contained 10 mM ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 1 mM PAR to prevent kinetic lability problems and 75 mM SDS for enhanced resolution. The separation of seven transition metal ions, Co2+, V3+, Ni2+ Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Cd2+, was achievable in under 65 s, with the resolution of each metal ion in excess of 1.60. Detection limits obtained ranged from 400 ppb for Ni2+ to 1.2 ppm for Mn2+. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GeoCenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD APR PY 2001 VL 126 IS 4 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1039/b008595m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 422NX UT WOS:000168126100004 PM 11340972 ER PT J AU Marino, L Murphy, TL Deweerd, AL Morris, JA Fobbs, AJ Humblot, N Ridgway, SH Johnson, JI AF Marino, L Murphy, TL Deweerd, AL Morris, JA Fobbs, AJ Humblot, N Ridgway, SH Johnson, JI TI Anatomy and three-dimensional reconstructions of the brain of the white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) from magnetic resonance images SO ANATOMICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE brain; neuroanatomy; cetacean; odontocete; white whale; Beluga; MRI ID DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN; BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; VISUAL-CORTEX; NEURONAL POPULATIONS; HARBOR PORPOISE; PILOT WHALE; CETACEANS; INSECTIVORES; CHARACTERS AB Magnetic resonance imaging offers a means of observing the internal structure of the brain where traditional procedures of embedding, sectioning, staining, mounting, and microscopic examination of thousands of sections are not practical. Furthermore, internal structures can be analyzed in their precise quantitative spatial interrelationships, which is difficult to accomplish after the spatial distortions often accompanying histological processing. For these reasons, magnetic resonance imaging makes specimens that were traditionally difficult to analyze, more accessible. In the present study, images of the brain of a white whale (Beluga) Delphinapterus leucas were scanned in the coronal plane at 119 antero-posterior levels. From these scans, a computer-generated three-dimensional model was constructed using the programs VoxelView and VoxelMath (Vital Images, Inc.). This model, wherein details of internal and external morphology are represented in three-dimensional space, was then resectioned in orthogonal planes to produce corresponding series of "virtual" sections in the horizontal and sagittal planes. Sections in all three planes display the sizes and positions of such structures as the corpus callosum, internal capsule, cerebral peduncles, cerebral ventricles, certain thalamic nuclear groups, caudate nucleus, ventral striatum, pontine nuclei, cerebellar cortex and white matter, and all cerebral cortical sulci and gyri. Anat Rec 262. 429-439, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Emory Univ, Neurosci & Behav Biol Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Radiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Neurosci Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Natl Museum Hlth & Med, Washington, DC 20306 USA. USN, Marine Mammal Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Marino, L (reprint author), Emory Univ, Neurosci & Behav Biol Program, Psychol Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM lmarino@emory.edu NR 35 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0003-276X J9 ANAT RECORD JI Anat. Rec. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 262 IS 4 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1002/ar.1051 PG 11 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 414CQ UT WOS:000167648700007 PM 11275973 ER PT J AU Seely, JF Brown, CM Holland, GE Hanser, F Wise, J Weaver, JL Korde, R Viereck, RA Grubb, R Judge, DL AF Seely, JF Brown, CM Holland, GE Hanser, F Wise, J Weaver, JL Korde, R Viereck, RA Grubb, R Judge, DL TI Calibration of an extreme-ultraviolet transmission grating spectrometer with synchrotron radiation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY SILICON PHOTODIODES; RESPONSIVITY; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS; STABILITY AB The responsivity of an extreme-ultraviolet transmission grating spectrometer with silicon photodiode detectors was measured with synchrotron radiation. The spectrometer was designed to record the absolute radiation flux in a wavelength bandpass centered at 30 nm. The transmission grating had a period of 200 nm and relatively high efficiencies in the +1 and the -1 diffraction orders that were dispersed on either aide of the zero-order beam. Three photodiodes were positioned to measure the signals in the zero order and in the +1 and -1 orders. The photodiodes had aluminum overcoatings that passed the desired wavelength bandpass centered at 30 nm and attenuated higher-order radiation and wavelengths longer than approximately 80 nm. The spectrometer's responsivity, the ratio of the photodiode current to the incident radiation power, was determined as a function of the incident wavelength and the angle of the spectrometer with respect to the incident radiation beam. The spectrometer's responsivity was consistent with the product of the photodiode responsivity and the grating efficiency, both of which were separately measured while removed from the spectrometer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Int Radiat Detectors Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. Panametr Inc, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1623 EP 1630 DI 10.1364/AO.40.001623 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 417MY UT WOS:000167839800006 PM 18357156 ER PT J AU Adams, JD Stauffer, JR Monet, DG Skrutskie, MF Beichman, CA AF Adams, JD Stauffer, JR Monet, DG Skrutskie, MF Beichman, CA TI The mass and structure of the Pleiades star cluster from 2MASS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; celestial mechanics; open clusters and associations : individual (Pleiades); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID N-BODY SIMULATIONS; PROPER-MOTION MEMBERSHIP; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; BROWN DWARFS; UNEQUAL MASSES; FAINT MEMBERS; EVOLUTION; SEARCH; FIELD; PROBABILITIES AB We present the results of a large-scale search for new members of the Pleiades star cluster using 2MASS near-infrared photometry and proper motions derived from POSS plates digitized by the USNO PMM program. The search extends to a 10 degrees radius around the cluster, well beyond the presumed tidal radius, to a limiting magnitude of R similar to 20, corresponding to similar to0.07 M-. at the distance and age of the Pleiades. Multiobject spectroscopy for 528 candidates verifies that the search was extremely effective at detecting cluster stars in the 1-0.1 M-. mass range using the distribution of H alpha emission strengths as an estimate of sample contamination by field stars. When combined with previously identified, higher mass stars, this search provides a sensitive measurement of the stellar mass function and dynamical structure of the Pleiades. The degree of tidal elongation of the halo agrees well with current N-body simulation results. Tidal truncation affects masses below similar to1 M-.. The cluster contains a total mass similar to 800 M-.. Evidence for a flatter mass function in the core than in the halo indicates the depletion of stars in the core with mass less than similar to0.5 M-., relative to stars with mass similar to1-0.5 M-., and implies a preference for very low-mass objects to populate the halo or escape. The overall mass function is best fitted with a lognormal form that becomes flat at similar to0.1 M-.. Whether sufficient dynamical evaporation has occurred to detectably flatten the initial mass function, via preferential escape of very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, is undetermined, pending better membership information for stars at large radial distances. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jdadams@bu.edu; stauffer@ipac.caltech.edu; dgm@nofs.navy.mil; skrutski@astro.umass.edu; chas@pop.jpl.nasa.gov NR 73 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2001 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2053 EP 2064 DI 10.1086/319965 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 420UA UT WOS:000168022600019 ER PT J AU Germain, ME Douglass, GG AF Germain, ME Douglass, GG TI Systematic effects in iccd-based speckle interferometry of double stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; methods : data analysis; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STARS; TELESCOPE AB Speckle interferometric observations of double stars enjoy considerably higher weight in orbital solutions than visual observations. This is justified on the basis of their higher precision and impersonal nature. It is crucial, therefore, that sources of systematic error in speckle observations are identified and controlled to a level commensurate with their low random errors. Accurate calibration is of primary importance. Other sources of systematic error that affect ICCD-based speckle interferometry include imperfect CCD charge transfer efficiency, fixed pattern noise, and nonuniform background in the autocorrelation function. All of these errors and their remedies are discussed. The restoration of observations compromised by fixed pattern noise is evaluated, and results for 30 such observations are given. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Germain, ME (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2001 VL 121 IS 4 BP 2239 EP 2244 DI 10.1086/319938 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 420UA UT WOS:000168022600035 ER PT J AU Fynbo, JU Jensen, BL Gorosabel, J Hjorth, J Pedersen, H Moller, P Abbott, T Castro-Tirado, AJ Delgado, D Greiner, J Henden, A Magazzu, A Masetti, N Merlino, S Masegosa, J Ostensen, R Palazzi, E Pian, E Schwarz, HE Cline, T Guidorzi, C Goldsten, J Hurley, K Mazets, E McClanahan, T Montanari, E Starr, R Trombka, J AF Fynbo, JU Jensen, BL Gorosabel, J Hjorth, J Pedersen, H Moller, P Abbott, T Castro-Tirado, AJ Delgado, D Greiner, J Henden, A Magazzu, A Masetti, N Merlino, S Masegosa, J Ostensen, R Palazzi, E Pian, E Schwarz, HE Cline, T Guidorzi, C Goldsten, J Hurley, K Mazets, E McClanahan, T Montanari, E Starr, R Trombka, J TI Detection of the optical afterglow of GRB 000630: Implications for dark bursts SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; ERROR BOX; EMISSION; SUPERNOVA; GRB-970228 AB We present the discovery of the optical transient of the long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 000630. The optical transient was detected with the Nordic Optical Telescope 21.1 hours after the burst. At the time of discovery the magnitude of the transient was R = 23.04 +/- 0.08. The transient displayed a power-law decline characterized by a decay slope of alpha = -1.035 +/- 0.097. A deep image obtained 25 days after the burst shows no indication of a contribution from a supernova or a host galaxy at the position of the transient. The closest detected galaxy is a R = 324.68 +/- 0.15 galaxy 2.0 arcsec north of the transient. The magnitudes of the optical afterglows of GRB 980329, GRB 980613 and GRB 000630 were all R greater than or similar to 23 less than 24 hours from the burst epoch. We discuss the implications of this for our understanding of GRBs without detected optical transients. We conclude that i) based on the gamma-ray: properties of the current sample we cannot conclude that GRBs with no detected OTs belong to another class of GRBs than GRBs with detected OTs and ii) the majority (greater than or similar to 75%) of GRBs for which searches for optical afterglow have been unsuccessful are consistent with no detection if they were similar to bursts like GRP, 000630 at optical wavelengths. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Danish Space Res Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz La Palma 38700, Spain. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Stockholm Observ, S-13336 Saltsjobaden, Sweden. Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Telescopio Nazl Galileo, Santa Cruz La Palma, Spain. CNR, Ist Tecnol & Studio Radiaz Extraterr, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Tromso, Dept Phys, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Fynbo, JU (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM jfynbo@eso.org RI McClanahan, Timothy/C-8164-2012; Jensen, Brian Lindgren/E-1275-2015; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; OI Jensen, Brian Lindgren/0000-0002-0906-9771; Masegosa, J./0000-0002-3170-4137; Magazzu, Antonio/0000-0003-1259-4371; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 NR 44 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2001 VL 369 IS 2 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 426GZ UT WOS:000168342600007 ER PT J AU Bohringer, H Schuecker, P Guzzo, L Collins, CA Voges, W Schindler, S Neumann, DM Cruddace, RG De Grandi, S Chincarini, G Edge, AC MacGillivray, HT Shaver, P AF Bohringer, H Schuecker, P Guzzo, L Collins, CA Voges, W Schindler, S Neumann, DM Cruddace, RG De Grandi, S Chincarini, G Edge, AC MacGillivray, HT Shaver, P TI The ROSAT-ESO flux limited X-ray (REFLEX) galaxy cluster survey. I. The construction of the cluster sample SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : miscellaneous; galaxies : clusters; X-rays : galaxies ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTION; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; N-LOG S; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RICH CLUSTERS; ABELL CLUSTERS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE FUNCTION AB We discuss the construction of an X-ray flux-limited sample of galaxy clusters, the REFLEX survey catalogue, to be used for cosmological studies. This cluster identification and redshift survey nas conducted in the flame of an ESO key programme and is based on candidates selected from the southern part of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS). For the first cluster candidate selection from a flux-limited RASS source list, we make use of optical data from the COSMOS digital catalogue produced front the scans of the UK-Schmidt plates. To ensure homogeneity of the sample construction process, this selection is based only on this one well-defined optical data base. The nature of the candidates selected iii this process is subsequently checked by a more detailed evaluation of the X-ray and optical source properties and available literature data, The final identification and the redshift is then based on optical spectroscopic follow-up observations. In this paper we document the process by which the primary cluster candidate catalogue is constructed prior to the optical follow-up observations. We describe the reanalysis of the RASS source catalogue which enables us to impose a proper flux limit cut to the X-ray source list without introducing a severe bias against extended sources, We discuss th correlation of the X-ray and optical (COSMOS) data to find galaxy density enhancements at the RASS X-ray source positions and the further evaluation of the nature of these cluster candidates. Based also on the results of the follow-up observations we provide a statistical analysis of the completeness and contamination of the final cluster sample and show results on the cluster number counts. The final sample of identified X-ray clusters readies a flux limit of 3 10(-12) erg s(-1) cm(-2) in the 0.1-2.4 keV band and comprises 452 clusters in an area of 4.24 ster. The results imply a completeness of the REFLEX cluster sample well in excess of 90%. We also derive for the first time an upper limit of less than 9% for the number of cluster which may feature a dominant contribution to the X-ray emission from AGN. This accuracy is sufficient for the use of this cluster sample for cosmological tests. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Brera, Merate, Italy. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3HP, England. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. European So Observ, D-8046 Garching, Germany. RP Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. EM hxb@mpe.mpg.de OI Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916; GUZZO, LUIGI/0000-0001-8264-5192 NR 97 TC 165 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2001 VL 369 IS 3 BP 826 EP 850 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 428JD UT WOS:000168457800012 ER PT J AU Levine, L Johnson, RF Teal, WB Merullo, DJ Cadarette, BS Staab, JE Blanchard, LA Kolka, MA Sawka, MN AF Levine, L Johnson, RF Teal, WB Merullo, DJ Cadarette, BS Staab, JE Blanchard, LA Kolka, MA Sawka, MN TI Heat strain evaluation of chemical protective garments SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE heat stress; clothing; exercise ID TOLERANCE; STRESS; HYDRATION; EXERCISE; ACCLIMATION; MEN AB Background: The purpose of this study was to compare thermoregulatory and subjective responses of 12 test subjects (10 male, 2 female) wearing 5 different Joint Service Lightweight integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST) prototype and 3 different currently fielded control chemical/biological (CB) protective overgarments. Methods: The overgarments were compared while subjects attempted to complete 100 min of moderate exercise (400 W) in an environmental chamber (35 degreesC/50% rh). Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature, heart rate, sweating rate, and test time, as well as subjective symptoms of heat illness were measured. Data were analyzed for times earlier than 100 min because subjects were not usually able to complete the 100-min trials. Results: At 50 min, of the 3 controls, the Army/Air Force Battledress Overgarment (BDO) imposed significantly greater heat strain (indicated by Tre 37.90 degreesC) than the Marine Saratoga (SAR) (TIE 37.68 degreesC) and Navy Chemical Protective Overgarment (CPO) (Tre 37.69 degreesC). The JSLIST prototype garments imposed heat strain (50 min Tre 37.73-37.86 degreesC) as well as subjective perception of heat strain, that ranged between the warmest and coolest controls. Conclusions: In the environmental and exercise test conditions of this study, we did not find the live JSLIST overgarments to be consistently different from one another. Subjects in the control garments were and felt generally warmer (BDO) or cooler (SAR, CPO) than in the JSLIST prototype garments.a93 C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USN, Clothing & Text Res Facil, Natick, MA USA. RP Levine, L (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 72 IS 4 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 415HM UT WOS:000167715400001 PM 11318011 ER PT J AU Chapman, F Temme, LA Still, DT AF Chapman, F Temme, LA Still, DT TI The performance of the Standard Rate Turn (SRT) by student naval helicopter pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aviation performance; flight performance; helicopter aviationtraining; instrument flight AB Background: During flight training, student naval helicopter pilots learn the use of flight instruments through a prescribed series of simulator training events. The training simulator is a 6-degrees-of-freedom, motion-based, high-fidelity instrument trainer. From the final basic instrument simulator flights of student pilots, we selected for evaluation and analysis their performance of the Standard Rate Turn (SRT), a routine Right maneuver. Methods: The performance of the SRT was scored with air speed, altitude and heading average error from target values and standard deviations. These average errors and standard deviations were used in a Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to evaluate the effects of three independent variables: 1) direction of turn (left vs. right), 2) degree of turn (180 vs. 360 degrees); and 3) segment of turn (roll-in, first 30 s, last 30 s, and roll-out of turn). Results: Only the main effects of the three independent variables were significant; there were no significant interactions. This result greatly reduces the number of different conditions that should be scored separately for the evaluation of SRT performance. The results also showed that the magnitude of the heading and altitude errors at the beginning of the SRT correlated with the magnitude of the heading and altitude errors throughout the turn. This result suggests that for the turn to be well executed, it is important for it to begin with little error in these two response parameters. Conclusions: The observations reported here should be considered when establishing SRT performance norms and comparing student scores. Furthermore, it seems easier for pilots to maintain good performance than to correct poor performance. Keywords: aviation performance, flight performance, helicopter aviationtraining, instrument flight. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. USN, Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. Inst Human & Machines Cognit, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Temme, LA (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 72 IS 4 BP 343 EP 351 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 415HM UT WOS:000167715400003 PM 11318013 ER PT J AU Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, J Sampson, C Kent, J Richardson, K AF Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, J Sampson, C Kent, J Richardson, K TI Real-time Internet distribution of satellite products for tropical cyclone reconnaissance SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE IMAGER SSM/I; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; SYSTEM AB Tropical cyclone (TC) monitoring requires the use of multiple satellites and sensors to accurately assess TC location and intensity. Visible and infrared (vis/IR) data provide the bulk of TC information, but upper-level cloud obscurations inherently limit this important dataset during a storm's life cycle. Passive microwave digital data and imagery can provide key storm structural details and offset many of the vis/IR spectral problems. The ability to view storm rainbands, eyewalls, impacts of shear, and exposed low-level circulations, whether it is day or night, makes passive microwave data a significant tool for the satellite analyst. Passive microwave capabilities for TC reconnaissance are demonstrated via a near-real-time Web page created by the Naval Research Laboratory in Monterey, California. Examples are used to illustrate tropical cyclone monitoring. Collocated datasets are incorporated to enable the user to see many aspects of a storm's organization and development by quickly accessing one location. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Mateorol div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hawkins, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Mateorol div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010 NR 28 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 82 IS 4 BP 567 EP 578 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0567:RIDOSP>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 419KF UT WOS:000167947300001 ER PT J AU Irvin, DJ Goods, SH Whinnery, LL AF Irvin, DJ Goods, SH Whinnery, LL TI Direct measurement of extension and force in conductive polymer gel actuators SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED VOLUME CHANGES; POLYPYRROLE; RELAXATION; GELATION; MUSCLES C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Mech Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Irvin, DJ (reprint author), USN, NAWCWD, Res Dept, Chem & Mat Div, Code 4T4200D, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1145 DI 10.1021/cm000792w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 424RT UT WOS:000168245800001 ER PT J AU Crowson, JJ Frueh, BC Snyder, CR AF Crowson, JJ Frueh, BC Snyder, CR TI Hostility and hope in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A look back at combat as compared to today SO COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hostility; hope; cognitions; posttraumatic stress disorder; military veterans; positive and negative affect ID AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS QUESTIONNAIRE; COMPENSATION-SEEKING STATUS; VIETNAM VETERANS; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; PTSD; SCALE; VALIDATION; VALIDITY; SYMPTOMS; ANGER AB Thirty-seven male veterans with combat-related PTSD completed measures of hostile automatic thoughts, hope, nd positive and negative affect. Responses to the items of each measure were presented in two formats: (a) the veteran's feelings today and (b) (on a separate form) how he felt while in combat. Veterans reported significantly higher levels of hostility and negative affect in combat as opposed to today. Contrary to predictions, high levels of both positive affect and automatic positive thoughts also were reported in combat relative to today. Hope levels varied primarily as a function of being employed rather than unemployed. The implications and limitations of this methodology and these findings for combat veterans and other groups are discussed. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ralph H Johnson VA Med Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. RP Crowson, JJ (reprint author), USN, Personnel Command, NPRST, PERS 13, 5720 Integr Dr, Millington, TN 38033 USA. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-5916 J9 COGNITIVE THER RES JI Cogn. Ther. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 25 IS 2 BP 149 EP 165 DI 10.1023/A:1026439102180 PG 17 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 415LZ UT WOS:000167724200003 ER PT J AU Naimie, CE Blain, CA Lynch, DR AF Naimie, CE Blain, CA Lynch, DR TI Seasonal mean circulation in the Yellow Sea - a model-generated climatology SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE seasonal cycle; climatology; Yellow Sea ID EAST-CHINA-SEA; GEORGES-BANK; FRONTS; FLOWS; OCEAN; MAINE AB The three-dimensional climatological circulation is computed for the Yellow and Bohai Seas in a series of six bimonthly realizations, The model (QUODDY, Lynch et al., Continental Shelf Res, 16(7) (1996) 875) is nonlinear, tide-resolving, and baroclinic with level 2.5 turbulence closure. Data inputs include seasonal hydrography, seasonal mean wind and river input, and oceanic tides. Results for winter and summer exhibit two distinct circulation modes. In winter, strong northerly wind drives southward flow at the surface and along both Korean and Chinese coasts. This is compensated by deep return flow - the Yellow Sea Warm Current - in the central trough of the Yellow Sea, penetrating to the Bohai. The Changjiang discharge exits to the southwest in winter, trapped alone the Chinese coast. In summer, a water mass produced by winter cooling - the Yellow Sea Cold Water - is isolated in the deep central trough, setting up cyclonic circulation over the eastern Yellow Sea. Summer winds from the south drive northeastward flow along the Chinese coast. The net result is a qualitative reversal of the winter pattern. The Changjiang discharge is driven offshore toward the Korean Strait by the summer wind. The winter and summer circulations are partitioned dynamically among tidal rectification, baroclinic pressure gradients, wind response, and river input from the Changjiang. Wind dominates the winter pattern. In summer, baroclinic pressure gradients dominate the eastern Yellow Sea; with wind, tidal rectification, and input from the Changjiang dominant to the west of the cyclonic gyre, The seasonal cycle indicates that January and March exhibit the same basic winter pattern. May is quiescent, followed by July which defines the summer mode. September shows the same general summer pattern, with features shifted westward. November is a transition period followed by winter conditions, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lynch, DR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 61 TC 99 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR-MAY PY 2001 VL 21 IS 6-7 BP 667 EP 695 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 420BT UT WOS:000167984600006 ER PT J AU Baugh, WP Trafeli, JP Barnette, DJ Ross, EV AF Baugh, WP Trafeli, JP Barnette, DJ Ross, EV TI Hair reduction using a scanning 800 nm diode laser SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PORT-WINE STAIN; MODE RUBY-LASER; SELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS; ALEXANDRITE LASER; THERMAL RESPONSE; STEM-CELLS; REMOVAL; SKIN; FOLLICLES; SPECTRUM AB BACKGROUND. Numerous lasers are currently available for hair removal, yet there are still few studies that have examined the role of fluence, light dose, hair color, and treatment number in laser hair reduction. OBJECTIVE. TO demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a scanning 800 nm diode laser for hair reduction. METHODS. An 800 nm scanning diode laser was used to deliver 24, 38, or 48 J/cm(2) to a 3 cm x 3 cm area of skin located on the back, groin/bikini area, or thigh in 36 adult patients with varying shades of brown or black hair. Patients received one to four treatments during the course of the study. Hair loss was evaluated at both 30 and 90 days after final treatment. Biopsies were obtained from 20 consenting patients. RESULTS. Significant fluence-dependent hair reduction was demonstrated between treatment and control groups. At 48 J/cm(2), the highest dose, a mean hair reduction of 43% was achieved 30 days after the final treatment, and 34% was achieved 90 days after the final treatment. Darker hairs were more effectively treated than lighter hairs. CONCLUSIONS. Hair reduction can be safely and effectively achieved using a scanning 800 nm diode laser. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Ross, EV (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 34520 Bob Walton Dr,Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD APR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.00297.x PG 7 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 420HL UT WOS:000167999500008 PM 11298707 ER PT J AU Schulz, BA Moran, AL AF Schulz, BA Moran, AL TI Fatigue failure of an F/A-18 fin retainer spring SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE spring; fracture surfaces; brittle fracture; fatigue AB The Navy's lead missile integration engineer on the F/A-18 E/F program at Patuxent River Naval Air Station supplied a failed LAU-127A/A AIM-9 Gn retainer spring for analysis. The spring is responsible for holding the missile's fins in place while the missile is in the prone position attached to the plane's wing. The analysis of the spring was conducted to find the mode and cause of failure. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Moran, AL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD APR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S1350-6307(99)00052-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 398FW UT WOS:000166747100008 ER PT J AU Gray, CL Powell, CR Amling, CL AF Gray, CL Powell, CR Amling, CL TI Outcomes for surgical management of orchalgia in patients with identifiable intrascrotal lesions SO EUROPEAN UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE orchalgia; varicocele; spermatocele; hydrocele; surgical procedures ID TESTICULAR PAIN; VARICOCELE AB Objective: The outcome of surgery for relief of orchalgia in patients with identifiable intrascrotal pathology is not well defined. We evaluated the success of commonly performed surgical procedure indicated for pain relief in patients with specific intrascrotal lesions. Methods: Surgical cases performed for relief of painful scrotal pathology were reviewed, including ligation of internal spermatic vein, hydrocelectomy, spermatocelectomy, and orchiopexy for suspected intermittent torsion. Relief of pain as reported to the physician and time for return to full activity were determined, Pain relief was compared to a 50% placebo rate using Fisher's exact test. Results: Eigthy-five of 151 patients (56%) undergoing surgery for pain relief had complete data and adequate follow-up for analysis. Of 40 patients who had ligation of the internal spermatic vein, 30 (75%) were relieved of pain (p = 0.037), All 19 patients with painful hydroceles and 16 of 17 (94%) with spermatoceles were relieved of pain (p<0.001). Of 9 patients undergoing scrotal orchiopexy for suspected intermittent torsion, 8 (89%) were pain-free (p<0.001). Conclusion: Surgical management of specific intrascrotal lesions is highly effective. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Gray, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-2838 J9 EUR UROL JI Eur. Urol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1159/000052485 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 422MF UT WOS:000168121600019 PM 11306886 ER PT J AU Farahmand, K Kaufman, JW AF Farahmand, K Kaufman, JW TI Experimental measurement of fine thermocouple response time in air SO EXPERIMENTAL HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB An experimental apparatus was developed to measure the response time of very fine thermocouples in air, Thermocouple wire size of 0.005 cm in diameter was used The experiment was performed for air velocities ranging from 0 to 4.11 m/s and small changes in temperature ranging from 24 to 38 degreesC. These experimental conditions were selected to simulate human respiratory conditions. The apparatus produced repeatable square waves and allowed change in direction of temperature gradient without difficulty. The experiment was carried out for both cooling (going from hot to cold) and heating (going from cold to hot) of the thermocouple, Thermocouple response times = 54 +/- 3 ms when the thermocouple moved from hot to cold and 56 +/- 4 ms when moving from cold to hot. Conduction along thermocouple wire and radiation effects were shown to negligibly affect response times. The effects of the temperature change for small increments and direction of the gradient were also found to be insignificant There was a positive correlation between air velocity and the time response of a thermocouple. This technique allows investigators a means of assessing data acquisition system response times in a repeatable fashion. C1 USN, Environm Physiol & Human Performance Lab, Crew Syst Engn Dept,Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div,S Engn Ctr Crew Syst, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX USA. RP Kaufman, JW (reprint author), USN, Environm Physiol & Human Performance Lab, Crew Syst Engn Dept,Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div,S Engn Ctr Crew Syst, Bldg 2187 Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-6152 J9 EXP HEAT TRANSFER JI Exp. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1080/089161501750154566 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 420LA UT WOS:000168005400002 ER PT J AU Rosenlof, KH Oltmans, SJ Kley, D Russell, JM Chiou, EW Chu, WP Johnson, DG Kelly, KK Michelsen, HA Nedoluha, GE Remsberg, EE Toon, GC McCormick, MP AF Rosenlof, KH Oltmans, SJ Kley, D Russell, JM Chiou, EW Chu, WP Johnson, DG Kelly, KK Michelsen, HA Nedoluha, GE Remsberg, EE Toon, GC McCormick, MP TI Stratospheric water vapor increases over the past half-century SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; SOUTHERN ENGLAND; HUMIDITY; TRENDS; OZONE; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; HYGROMETER AB Ten data sets covering the period 1954-2000 are analyzed to show a 1%/yr increase in stratospheric water vapor. The trend has persisted for at least 45 years, hence is unlikely the result of a single event, but rather indicative of long-term climate change. A long-term change in the transport of water vapor into the stratosphere is the most probable cause. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, CMDL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rosenlof, KH (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM krosenlof@al.noaa.gov RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Johnson, David/F-2376-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Johnson, David/0000-0003-4399-5653 NR 29 TC 198 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1195 EP 1198 DI 10.1029/2000GL012502 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 415GZ UT WOS:000167714000007 ER PT J AU Nero, RW Thompson, CH Feuillade, C Love, RH AF Nero, RW Thompson, CH Feuillade, C Love, RH TI A highly reflective low cost backscattering target SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic model; backscattering; experiment; target AB A low cost biplanar reflector target has been developed and used in a system performance test of a near surface omnidirectional source and receiver. The target was constructed from sheets of closed cell plastic bubble sheeting. Theoretically, this material should have very high reflectance characteristics, and this was demonstrated by the experiment. The strongly reflecting target was located at the sea surface, and allowed the interpretation of data as the ship passed through a range of azimuthal angles. The higher than expected backscatter from the target was presumed to be due to the bubble sheeting behaving as a coherent reflector, like a thin layer of air, rather than an ensemble of individually resonating bubbles. This was verified by the data analysis. Lloyd's mirror effects were strong, because practically all of the return signals from the 10-ms continuous wave pulses were overlapping. The target strength (TS) of the reflector was strongly reduced at ranges over 100 m, The experiment shows that studies of the statistical distribution of fish school TS must consider the effects of Lloyd's mirror. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Bayou Acoust, Pass Christian, MS 39571 USA. RP Nero, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1109/48.922792 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 433JB UT WOS:000168755300009 ER PT J AU Abbot, P Celuzza, S Dyer, I Gomes, B Fulford, J Lynch, J Gawarkiewicz, G Volak, D AF Abbot, P Celuzza, S Dyer, I Gomes, B Fulford, J Lynch, J Gawarkiewicz, G Volak, D TI Effects of Korean littoral environment on acoustic propagation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE littoral environment; shallow water acoustics; underwater acoustics measurements; underwater acoustics propagation ID FRONTS AB Environmental acoustics experiments were recently conducted in shallow to intermediate water depths in the Sea of Japan, east of Korea, along the shelf and slope, covering frequencies from 25 to 800 Hz, These were operational experiments carried out in three different seasons. The primary objectives of the data reported here are: 1) to characterize the Korean coastal environment during May 1998, September 1998, and February 1999 and 2) to assess how complexities of the environment might impact acoustic propagation in May and February, as measured by its transmission loss. Propagation data were obtained from broadband explosive SUS sources and sonobuoy receivers. The tests were conducted over varying bottom depths and slopes, both approximately normal and parallel to the bathymetric contours. Two different source depths were included. Environmental and acoustic data are reviewed and discussed. While many aspects of the observed propagation remain ill understood, on the whole a consistent and useful picture has emerged of acoustic propagation in this region. Environmental impacts on propagation are associated mainly with bottom properties, somewhat less so with source depth in relationship to sound speed profiles, and almost not at all with range-dependent profiles of a water mass front. C1 Ocean Acoust Serv & Instrumentat Syst Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Ocean Acoust Serv & Instrumentat Syst Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Abbot, P (reprint author), Ocean Acoust Serv & Instrumentat Syst Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD APR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 266 EP 284 DI 10.1109/48.922793 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 433JB UT WOS:000168755300010 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K AF Gerlach, K TI Cascaded adaptive canceler using loaded SMI SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID INTERFERENCE; ARRAYS AB A fast-converging, highly parallel/pipeline cascaded canceler which uses the 2-input loaded sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm as the fundamental building block is developed which has convergence performance almost identical to one of the standards of a fast-converging adaptive canceler the fast maximum likelihood (FML) canceler. Furthermore, the new algorithm, denoted as the cascaded loaded SMI (CLSMI), does not require the numerically intensive singular value decomposition (SVD) of the input data matrix as does the FML algorithm, For both the FML and CLSMI developments it is assumed that the unknown interference covariance matrix has the structure of an identity matrix plus an unknown positive semi-definite Hermitian (PSDH) matrix. The identity matrix component is associated with the known covariance matrix of the system noise and the unknown PSDH matrix is associated with the external noise environment. For narrowband (NB) jamming scenarios with J jammers it was shown via simulation that the CLSMI and FR IL converge on the average -3 dB below the optimum in about 2J independent sample vectors per sensor input, Both the CLSMI and FML converge much faster than the standard canceler technique, the SMI algorithm. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gerlach@radar.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 710 EP 719 DI 10.1109/7.937483 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 454CV UT WOS:000169955600027 ER PT J AU Tyo, JS AF Tyo, JS TI Optimization of the TEM feed structure for four-arm reflector impulse radiating antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE reflector antennas; ultra-wide-band (UWB) antennas AB This paper considers the optimization of the feed arm geometry of four-arm crossed-coplanar plate impulse radiating antennas (IRAs) when the angular position and extent of the arms are taken as free parameters. Previously optimization of this class of antenna considered only the symmetric case a;here tire two pairs of crossed feed arms were perpendicular to each other. Comparison is made using the prompt aperture efficiency, and the results indicate that the efficiency of four-arm IRAs can be increased from similar to 25% for the perpendicularly crossed arms to similar to 35% for the optimum configuration, In addition to tire optimization, the feed impedance of coplanar feeds is presented for general values of feed arm angle and plate width, and the optimum feed impedance is computed for each feed arm angle. The results can be used to design the optimal four-arm IRA with an arbitrary specified input impedance. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2001 VL 49 IS 4 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1109/8.923322 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 431PQ UT WOS:000168640100014 ER PT J AU Zhao, PJ Cui, HL Woolard, DL Jensen, KL Buot, FA AF Zhao, PJ Cui, HL Woolard, DL Jensen, KL Buot, FA TI Equivalent circuit parameters of resonant tunneling diodes extracted from self-consistent Wigner-Poisson simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC BISTABILITY; FORMULATION; FREQUENCIES AB The equivalent circuit parameters of resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) are extracted from numerical simulation results for RTDs. The RTD models used in this paper are double barrier structures. The influence of the resonant tunneling structure (RTS) parameters, such as the height of barriers, the width of the quantum well, the width of the spacers, and the width of the barriers, on the device parameters are systematically discussed. The effects of device temperature on device parameters are also discussed. Scattering between electrons and phonons greatly affects device parameters thereby the function of the RTDs. Physical explanations about how the structure parameters and device temperature influence the device parameters are provided. Based on the analysis results, a general way to get a RTD oscillator with a higher maximum frequency is suggested. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD APR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 4 BP 614 EP 627 DI 10.1109/16.915658 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 420BY UT WOS:000167985100001 ER PT J AU Kiriakidis, K AF Kiriakidis, K TI Robust stabilization of the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model via bilinear matrix inequalities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuzzy models; optimization methods; robustness; state-spate methods; uncertainty ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; STABILITY; DESIGN AB Quadratic stability has enabled, mainly via the linear matrix inequality framework, the analysis and design of a nonlinear control system from the local matrices of the system's Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model, It is well known, however, that there exist stable differential inclusions, hence TS fuzzy models whose stability is unprovable by a globally quadratic Lyapunov function. At present, literature in the broader area of stability analysis suggests piecewise-quadratic stability as a means to avoid such conservatism. This paper generalizes the idea and proposes a framework that supports less conservative sufficient conditions for the stability of the T-S model by using piecewise-quadratic generalized Lyapunov functions. The advocated approach results in the formulation of the controller synthesis, which, herein, aims for robust stabilization, as a problem of bilinear rather than linear matrix inequalities. Simulation studies, which include an algorithm for solution of bilinear matrix inequalities, demonstrate the proposed method. C1 USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kiriakidis, K (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Weapons & Syst Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM kiriakid@novell.nadn.navy.mil NR 21 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6706 J9 IEEE T FUZZY SYST JI IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. PD APR PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1109/91.919248 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 427JW UT WOS:000168401900004 ER PT J AU Hart, SJ Shaffer, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL McDonald, JR AF Hart, SJ Shaffer, RE Rose-Pehrsson, SL McDonald, JR TI Using physics-based modeler outputs to train probabilistic neural networks for unexploded ordnance (UXO) classification in magnetometry surveys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE classification magnetometry; ordnance; probabilistic neural network (PNN); unexploded ordnance (UXO) ID ARRAY PATTERN-RECOGNITION; ARTIFICIAL VISION; DISCRIMINATION; SEEDS AB The outputs from a physics-based modeler of magnetometry data have been successfully used with a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to discriminate unexploded ordnance (UXO) from ordnance-related scrap. Cross-validation predictions were performed on three data sets to determine which modeler parameters were most valuable for UXO classification. The best performing parameter combination consisted of the modeler outputs depth, size, and inclination. The cross-validation results also indicated that good prediction performance could be expected. Model outputs from one location at a site were used to train a PNN model, which could correctly discriminate UXO from scrap at a different location of the same site. In addition, data from one site, the former Buckley Field, Arapahoe County, CO, was used to predict targets detected at an entirely different training range, The Badlands Bombing Range, Bull's Eye 2 (BBR 2), Cuny Table, SD. Through careful selection of the probability threshold cutoff, the UXO detection rate obtained was 95% with a false alarm rate of only 37%. The ability to distinguish individual UXO types has been demonstrated with correct classifications between 71% and 95%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GE, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Hart, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 797 EP 804 DI 10.1109/36.917899 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 424RX UT WOS:000168246200010 ER PT J AU Chae, GS Scales, WA Ganguli, G Bernhardt, PA Lampe, M AF Chae, GS Scales, WA Ganguli, G Bernhardt, PA Lampe, M TI Investigation of a streaming instability due to dust-charge fluctuations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dusty plasmas; numerical simulation; particle-in-cell code; streaming instability ID GRAIN-CHARGE; PLASMAS AB A numerical simulation model is presented to study an important effect of dust charging on waves and instabilities in unmagnetized dusty plasmas. Tn this study, the background plasma is treated as a two-component fluid whose density self-consistently varies due to dust charging, The dust is treated with a particle-in-cell model in which the dust charge varies with time according to the standard dust-charging model, An ion acoustic streaming instability due to dust charging when the ion fluid drifts with respect to stationary charged dust grains and electrons is investigated, The numerical simulation results show good agreement with theoretical predictions and provide further insight into dust-charging effects on wave modes and instabilities in dusty plasmas. C1 Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Chae, GS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1109/27.923691 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 431ZN UT WOS:000168661800010 ER PT J AU Joyce, G Lampe, M Ganguli, G AF Joyce, G Lampe, M Ganguli, G TI Particle simulation of dust structures in plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dusty plasmas; particle simulation; strongly coupled plasma ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FLOWING PLASMA; CRYSTAL; INSTABILITY; MODEL; GRAIN AB In the earth's gravity, the dust in plasmas can form into a solid-like state in the plasma sheath. These ordered structures occur due to the balance of the interparticle forces, the gravitational force, and the sheath electric field, We have developed a particle simulation model to study the behavior of strongly coupled dust in plasmas under conditions of normal gravity and microgravity, The model includes a complete first-principles representation of the short-range strong forces of a shielded Coulomb system, as well as the long-range wake forces of a plasma with the ions streaming through the dust. The effects of charged particle scattering with neutrals and with other charges are included. Magnetic fields in the plasma may also be incorporated in the model. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joyce, G (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM joyce@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 238 EP 246 DI 10.1109/27.923701 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 431ZN UT WOS:000168661800020 ER PT J AU Calame, JP AF Calame, JP TI Analytic formulas for current density profiles in small-orbit spiraling electron beams SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beam interception; electron beam profile; electrostatic cyclotron instability; magnetron injection gun ID GHZ GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; MAGNETRON-INJECTION GUNS; SPACE-CHARGE INSTABILITIES; COAXIAL GYROKLYSTRON; VELOCITY SPREAD; GYRO-AMPLIFIERS; HIGH-POWER; DESIGN; SIMULATION; GYROTRONS AB Analytic expressions for the current density as a function of radius in small-orbit, spiraling electron beams, including guiding center spread, are derived using probability theory. The expressions are valid for beams with a small spread in Larmor radius compared to the guiding center spread and a space charge depression below 10%, which are typical for beams produced by modern magnetron injection guns. The current density profile is shown to exhibit a number of functional forms, depending on the relative size of the spread in guiding center radii compared to the average Larmor radius, Several applications for the new expressions are explored, including the calculation of the thermal loading experienced by beam-intercepting metal objects, as well as the computation of average electron density per unit volume (used in predicting the growth of electrostatic cyclotron instabilities). The analytic results are extended, in the vicinity of the beam edges, to include the effects of Larmor radius spread. The edge expressions are employed to predict the amount of current intercepted by a tunnel that closely surrounds the beam, which can be useful in selecting radial clearances. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Calame, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 29 IS 2 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1109/27.922745 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 431ZR UT WOS:000168662100006 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Kumar, S Le, TP Southwood, S Sidney, J Cohen, J Sette, A Hoffman, SL AF Kumar, A Kumar, S Le, TP Southwood, S Sidney, J Cohen, J Sette, A Hoffman, SL TI HLA-A*01-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope from the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; PEPTIDE BINDING MOTIFS; HLA-A; MALARIA SPOROZOITES; CELL EPITOPES; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; VACCINES; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION AB Here, we report the identification of a novel CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope on the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (3D7; amino acids 310 to 319 [EPSDKHIKEY]) that is restricted by HLA-A*01 and is recognized by human volunteers immunized with irradiated P. falciparum sporozoites. HLA-A*01 is the second most common HLA allele among Caucasians. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. St Lukes Hosp, Dept Med, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Epimmune Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. SmithKline Beecham Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave,RM3W13,Silver Spring, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 BP 2766 EP 2771 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.4.2766-2771.2001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 413MT UT WOS:000167616500104 PM 11254651 ER PT J AU Smoot, NC Leybourne, BA AF Smoot, NC Leybourne, BA TI The central pacific megatrend SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Review ID ONTONG-JAVA PLATEAU; ARC-CONTINENT COLLISION; BANDA SEA; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; EASTERN INDONESIA; OCEANIC PLATEAUS; DARWIN RISE; BASIN; EVOLUTION AB The WNW-ESE-trending Central Pacific Megatrend is a trans-basinal feature comprising several types of geomorphic features-ridges. linear seamount chains. and fractures. First appearing on the satellite altimetry data set. an updated bathymetry effort is presented to verify the existence of such a feature. The route is traced from the Banda Sea in the Indonesian region to South America, a distance of some 19,500 km. Several proposed hotspot tracks are shown to be continuations on the same lineament. The proposed western Pacific Vityaz Trench system does not exist. And, based on the continuous regional base depth of 5400 m, the South Pacific Superswell is an imaginary feature. Additionally, the Megatrend bathymetry shows that it is overlain by the El Nino oceanographic phenomenon. Any tectonic processes associated with the eastward flow of magma. surges, such as excess heat, may influence the onset of that event by heat transfer from the lithosphere to the water body. C1 GEOSTREAMS Ltd, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Geophys Div, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39522 USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Bathymetry Div, Ocean Survey Program, Mississippi State, MS 39522 USA. RP Smoot, NC (reprint author), GEOSTREAMS Ltd, 306 Kipukai St, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. NR 109 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD APR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 4 BP 341 EP 365 PG 25 WC Geology SC Geology GA 476TT UT WOS:000171245400003 ER PT J AU Butler, T Frenck, RW Johnson, RB Khakhria, R AF Butler, T Frenck, RW Johnson, RB Khakhria, R TI In vitro effects of azithromycin on Salmonella typhi: early inhibition by concentrations less than the MIC and reduction of MIC by alkaline pH and small inocula SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID FEVER; RESISTANCE; TRIAL; BLOOD AB To explain good clinical results of azithromycin in patients with typhoid fever, 10 strains of Salmonella typhi were grown in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. MICs of azithromycin were 4-16 mg/L. At a sub-MIC of 2 mg/L, early inhibition of growth was shown at 2, 4 and 8 h of incubation, but at 24 and 48 h growth to turbidity occurred. At 4 mg/L, inhibition occurred up to 8 h, after which growth towards turbidity followed. Elongated curved bacilli formed in broth containing 4 mg/L after 24-48 h. Adjusting the pH of the broth with phosphate-citrate buffer to 7.5 and 8.0 caused reductions in MICs to 0.25-0.5 mg/L. Large inocula of 10(6) cfu/mL resulted in median MICs four- to six-fold greater than with inocula of 10(1)-10(3) cfu/mL. An inoculum of 10 bacteria per mt in broth at pH 7.5 resulted in an MIC of 0.13 mg/L. Clinical benefits in patients may occur because of early inhibition by sub-MIC concentrations of azithromycin, and due to lower MICs at alkaline pH and lower MICs with small inocula that may correspond to the low-grade bacteraemia in typhoid fever. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Dept Clin Invest, FPO, AE 09835 USA. Pfizer Inc, Div Cent Res, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Bur Microbiol, Ottawa, ON KIA 0L2, Canada. RP Butler, T (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD APR PY 2001 VL 47 IS 4 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1093/jac/47.4.455 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 423MB UT WOS:000168179100014 PM 11266420 ER PT J AU Smith-Jentsch, KA Salas, E Brannick, MT AF Smith-Jentsch, KA Salas, E Brannick, MT TI To transfer or not to transfer? Investigating the combined effects of trainee characteristics, team leader support, and team climate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR; JOB; PERFORMANCE; DIMENSIONS; ASSERTIVENESS; ENVIRONMENT; ATTITUDES AB Eighty pilots participated in a study of variables influencing the transfer process. Posttraining performance was assessed in a flight simulation under 1 of 2 conditions. Those in the maximum performance condition were made aware of the skill to be assessed and the fact that their teammates were confederates, whereas those in the typical performance condition were not. The results indicated that (a) simulator ratings correlated with a measure of transfer to the cockpit for those in the typical condition only; (b) team leader support, manipulated in a pretask brief, moderated the disparity between maximum and typical performance; (c) team climate mediated the impact of support on performance in the typical condition; (d) those with a stronger predisposition toward the trained skill viewed their climate as more supportive; and (e) perceptions of team climate were better predictors of performance for those with a more external locus of control. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Smith-Jentsch, KA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Code 4961,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 54 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 86 IS 2 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1037/0021-9010.86.2.279 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 470NN UT WOS:000170878200010 PM 11393440 ER PT J AU Suchan, J AF Suchan, J TI The effect of interpretive schemes on videoteleducation's conception, implementation, and use SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY; ORDER AB Often, new technologies are seen as artifacts whose use is obvious. This study, which builds on Weick's notion that ail technologies are equivocal, challenges that assumption. Using a case approach, this research examines how various groups at Far West, a professional school, interpret the implementation of a two-way video and audio videoteleducation (VTE) distance learning system and analyzes why different groups interpreted the technology, in fundamentally different ways. From this case data, a model is created that examines the effects that dominant organizational groups' interpretation and thus conceptualization of VTE have on its system design, support, training, and rewards; measures of effectiveness; and rule generation. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Suchan, J (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1050-6519 J9 J BUS TECH COMMUN JI J. Bus. Tech. Commun. PD APR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 133 EP 163 PG 31 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA 423LD UT WOS:000168177000001 ER PT J AU Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Gold, SR Milner, JS AF Merrill, LL Thomsen, CJ Gold, SR Milner, JS TI Childhood abuse and premilitary sexual assault in male navy recruits SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOLISM SCREENING-TEST; NATIONAL SAMPLE; EXPERIENCES SURVEY; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; PHYSICAL ABUSE; FOLLOW-UP; AGGRESSION; VICTIMIZATION; ADOLESCENTS; OFFENDERS AB Three samples of male U.S. Navy recruits (N = 7,850),,were surveyed to determine whether a history of childhood physical abuse (CPA) or childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was predictive of premilitary rape of women and whether these relationships were mediated by alcohol problems and number of sex partners. In the 3 samples, 11.3%, 11.6%, and 9.9% of men reported committing premilitary rape. When demographic factors were controlled for, both CPA and CSA were independently and additively predictive of rape in each sample, with men who experienced both forms of abuse showing the highest risk of committing rape. Additional analyses revealed that alcohol problems and number of sex partners significantly mediated the relationship between childhood abuse (CPA and CSA) and rape perpetration. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. No Illinois Univ, Ctr Study Family Violence & Sexual Assault, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Merrill, LL (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 2 BP 252 EP 261 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 470MV UT WOS:000170876500012 PM 11393602 ER PT J AU Nossal, S Roesler, FL Bishop, J Reynolds, RJ Haffner, M Tufte, S Percival, J Mierkiewicz, EJ AF Nossal, S Roesler, FL Bishop, J Reynolds, RJ Haffner, M Tufte, S Percival, J Mierkiewicz, EJ TI Geocoronal H alpha intensity measurements using the Wisconsin H alpha Mapper Fabry-Perot facility SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANNULAR-SUMMING SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; LINE-PROFILES; THERMOSPHERE; EMISSION; MODEL; EXCITATION; MESOSPHERE; EXOSPHERE; DENSITY AB The Wisconsin Her Mapper (WHAM), a remotely operable, semi-automated Fabry-Perot located at Kitt Peak Observatory, has been making an all-sky survey of interstellar hydrogen Balmer alpha (H alpha) emissions since 1997. Using the annular summing spectroscopy technique, WHAM has acquired similar to 37,000 spectra to date, spanning almost 100 nights of observations. Since all of the galactic emission spectral data contain the terrestrial H alpha (6562.7 Angstrom) emission line, these measurements constitute a rich source of geocoronal data for investigating natural variability in the upper atmosphere. The WHAM observations also serve as a benchmark for comparison with future data. Analysis of the first year of WHAM data shows only small day-to-day variations after shadow altitude variations are taken into account. For example, at shadow altitudes of 2000 and 3000 km, the RMS scatter is within approximately +/- 20%; this variability is expected to be reduced with accurate accounting of the smaller-scale effects of observational slant path, zenith angle, and azimuth on the H alpha intensity. This result is consistent with past midlatitude Wisconsin data sets but different from observations made by other observers and instruments at the low-latitude Arecibo site. The multiple viewing geometries of the observations provide stringent modeling constraints, useful in testing current modeling capabilities. Modeling of the WHAM data with a global nonisothermal resonance radiation transport code (lyao_rt) indicates that the signal-to-noise of the data is sufficient to determine relative variations in upper atmospheric atomic hydrogen column densities to better than 5%. This paper describes the WHAM aeronomy program and its observational scheme, analysis procedures, and results from data taken in 1997. Case study comparisons are made with past data sets and with predictions from the lyao_rt resonant radiation transport modeling code of Bishop [1999]. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Astron Spatiale Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nossal, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Mierkiewicz, Edwin/N-7926-2016 OI Mierkiewicz, Edwin/0000-0002-4283-3751 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A4 BP 5605 EP 5615 DI 10.1029/2000JA000003 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 418MC UT WOS:000167895100008 ER PT J AU Carpenter, EE AF Carpenter, EE TI Iron nanoparticles as potential magnetic carriers SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers CY MAY 03-06, 2000 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc DE nanoparticle synthesis; core-shell; reverse micelle; magnetic carriers; superparamagnetic; magnetic nanoparticle; gold-coating; iron nanoparticle; micelle; non-specific binding ID BASIC HYDROLYSIS; CRYSTAL VIOLET; MICELLES AB Using a sequential synthesis offered by reverse micelles, stable magnetic nanoparticles based on iron can be formed. Sequential synthesis allows an iron core to be passivated by a thin layer of gold. These nanocomposite materials offer enhanced magnetic properties over existing iron oxide-based particles as well as reduced non-specific binding of proteins due to the small size. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Complex Mat Sect 6342, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carpenter, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Complex Mat Sect 6342, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 12 TC 159 Z9 166 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2001 VL 225 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(00)01222-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 425JU UT WOS:000168288100004 ER PT J AU Miller, MM Sheehan, PE Edelstein, RL Tamanaha, CR Zhong, L Bounnak, S Whitman, LJ Colton, RJ AF Miller, MM Sheehan, PE Edelstein, RL Tamanaha, CR Zhong, L Bounnak, S Whitman, LJ Colton, RJ TI A DNA array sensor utilizing magnetic microbeads and magnetoelectronic detection SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers CY MAY 03-06, 2000 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY SP European Phys Soc DE biosensor; GMR; magnetoelectronics; DNA array; DNA hybridization; magnetic beads ID MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We describe a multi-analyte biosensor that uses magnetic microbeads as labels to detect DNA hybridization on a micro-fabricated chip. The beads are detected by giant magnetoresistance (GMR) magnetoelcctronic sensors embedded in the chip. The prototype device is a tabletop unit containing electronics, a chip carrier with a microfluidic flow cell, and a compact electromagnet and is capable of simultaneous detection of eight different analytes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Miller, MM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Sheehan, Paul/B-4793-2010; Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Sheehan, Paul/0000-0003-2668-4124; Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 10 TC 164 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2001 VL 225 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(00)01242-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 425JU UT WOS:000168288100023 ER PT J AU Tellkamp, VL Dallek, S Cheng, D Lavernia, EJ AF Tellkamp, VL Dallek, S Cheng, D Lavernia, EJ TI Grain growth behavior of a nanostructured 5083 Al-Mg alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; POWDERS; SIZE AB A nanostructured 5083 Al-Mg alloy powder was subjected to various thermal heat treatments in an attempt to understand the fundamental mechanisms of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth as they apply to nanostructured materials. A low-temperature stress relaxation process associated with reordering of the grain boundaries was found to occur at 158 degreesC. A bimodal restructuring of the grains occurred at 307 degreesC for the unconstrained grains and 381 degreesC for the constrained grains. An approximate activation energy of 5.6 kJ/mol was found for the metastable nanostructured grains, while an approximate activation energy of 142 kJ/mol was found above the restructuring temperature. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Biochem & Mat Sci Dept, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Tellkamp, VL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Biochem & Mat Sci Dept, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 23 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 938 EP 944 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0133 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 419BV UT WOS:000167930200007 ER PT J AU Macdonald, F Coon, D AF Macdonald, F Coon, D TI Monte Carlo simulation of the effect of fiber characteristics on creep life of a fiber tow SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CRACK-GROWTH; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; STRESS-RUPTURE; TENSILE CREEP; FRACTURE; MECHANISMS; STRENGTH AB Fatigue of reinforced ceramics at elevated temperatures was numerically evaluated with a fiber dominated, power-law creep model. A Monte Carlo simulation of fiber creep in a uniaxially loaded tow was used to examine the influence of fiber radius, elastic modulus, and strength on creep respose. The simulation permitted variation of both the average magnitude and dispersion of fiber characteristics while maintaining constant power-law creep parameters. A linear increase in creep life was predicted for an increase in mean fiber radius, and a linear decrease in creep life was predicted for an increase in the standard deviation of fiber radii. A linear increase in creep life was predicted for both an increase in mean fiber elastic modulus and standard deviation of elastic moduli. Characteristic fiber strength and Weibull modulus were predicted to have a significant effect on creep life of a SiC fiber low. An increase in either the characteristic strength or Weibull modulus was predicted to result in an increase in creep life. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Mech Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Macdonald, F (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1681 EP 1684 DI 10.1023/A:1017504104503 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 418VF UT WOS:000167914300013 ER PT J AU Lekka, CE Papanicolaou, NI Evangelakis, GA Papaconstantopoulos, DA AF Lekka, CE Papanicolaou, NI Evangelakis, GA Papaconstantopoulos, DA TI Transferability of Slater-Koster parameters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION AB In this work, we present a method of improving the transferability of the Slater-Koster Tight-Binding (SK-TB) parameters given in [Handbook of the Band Structure of Elemental Solids, Plenum Press, New York, 1986] to describe the electronic properties at other lattice constants and structures. First of all, we express the Hamiltonian and on-site atom parameters as a function of distance. We validate our method by calculating the electronic structure for various lattice constants for Nb and Mo (bcc) and for Cu and Au (fcc) and we find good agreement with the APW results. Furthermore, we transfer successfully the SK-TB parameters of the bcc to the fee structure of Nb and Mo and vice versa for Cu and Au. Moreover, we apply a uniform shift V-o, which equates the sum of SK-TB eigenvalues to the APW total energy for the available volumes. We find that V-o presents a smooth volume dependence. Finally, using the volume dependence of V-o and the SK-TB theory we calculate the total energy for every lattice constant. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD APR PY 2001 VL 62 IS 4 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00240-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 411QQ UT WOS:000167511100020 ER PT J AU Lampe, M AF Lampe, M TI Limits of validity for orbital-motion-limited theory for a small floating collector SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; DISCHARGES AB The orbital-motion-limited (OML) theory has been widely used to calculate the ion response to a charged grain immersed in plasma. The theory assumes there are no potential barriers preventing plasma ions from reaching positive-energy points in phase space. However, Allen et al. [J. Plasma Phys. 63, 299 (2000)] have recently shown that for any finite-size negatively charged dust grain in a Maxwellian plasma, there are always potential barriers sufficient to exclude some ions. We calculate the magnitude of the potential barriers, and determine which ions are subject to barriers. The OML theory is shown to become exact in the limit of small grain size, and to be very accurate in calculating ion current to the grain for typical conditions pertinent to dusty plasma. Thus OML theory is well justified in calculating the floating potential. However, we find that potential barriers can influence the shielding of the potential at r approximate to gimel (D) under some conditions, especially large grams, high plasma density, and small T-i/T-e. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0022-3778 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD APR PY 2001 VL 65 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1017/S0022377801001027 PN 3 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 479JJ UT WOS:000171401000002 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Spin injection: A survey and review SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Induced Cooperative Phenomena CY JUN 24-28, 2000 CL BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DE spin injection; spin dynamics; spin relaxation; spin electronics; nonequilibrium superconductivity ID ELECTRON-GAS; FERROMAGNET; METALS; INTERFACE; CHARGE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSPORT; DEVICES; FILMS; GAAS AB The study of the transport and relaxation of spin-polarized carriers in the solid state began about 30 years ago. Tunneling spectroscopy was applied to ferromagnet-insulator-superconductor junctions to demonstrate the polarization of interfacial currents. The use of a ferromagnetic material as an injector and/or detector of polarized carriers has since become a valuable tool, and spin injection has been applied to nonmagnetic metals, superconductors. and semiconductors. The spin injection phenomenology is reviewed in the context of two topics of continuing importance for basic and applied research: (i) the transmission of polarized carriers across ferromagnet/nonmagnetic material interfaces and (ii) carrier spin relaxation inside the nonmagnetic material. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD APR PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1023/A:1007876421854 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 453RT UT WOS:000169930800011 ER PT J AU Kresin, VZ Ovchinnikov, YN Wolf, SA AF Kresin, VZ Ovchinnikov, YN Wolf, SA TI Intrinsic inhomogeneity: Application to the high T-c oxides SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Induced Cooperative Phenomena CY JUN 24-28, 2000 CL BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DE inhomogeneity; pseudogap; percolation ID CHARGE INHOMOGENEITIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; NORMAL-STATE; YBA2CU3O6+X; PSEUDOGAP; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PERCOLATION; MANGANITES; CRYSTALS; PLANES AB Inhomogeneity of the doped compound leads to a possibility of observing a peculiar state that is characterized by normal resistance along with superconducting gap structure and diamagnetism. Such pseudogap state is observed in the high-T-c cuprates. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Moscow 11733V, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD APR PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1023/A:1007884623671 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 453RT UT WOS:000169930800015 ER PT J AU Cicolani, LS McCoy, AH Sahai, R Tyson, PH Tischler, MB Rosen, A Tucker, GE AF Cicolani, LS McCoy, AH Sahai, R Tyson, PH Tischler, MB Rosen, A Tucker, GE TI Flight test identification and simulation of a UH-60A helicopter and slung load SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Helicopter slung-load operations are common in both military and civil contexts. Helicopters and loads are often qualified for these operations by means of flight tests that can be expensive and time consuming. There is significant potential to reduce such costs both through changes in flight-test methods and by using validated simulation models. To these ends, flight tests were conducted at Moffett Field to demonstrate the identification of key dynamic parameters during flight tests (aircraft stability margins and handling-qualities parameters, and load pendulum stability), and to accumulate a data base for simulation development and validation. The test aircraft was a UH-60A Black Hawk and the primary test load was an instrumented 8- by 6- by 6-ft cargo container. Tests were focused on the lateral and longitudinal axes, which are the axes most affected by the load pendulum modes in the frequency range of interest for handling qualities; tests were conducted at airspeeds from hover to 80 knots. Using telemetered data, the key dynamic parameters were evaluated in near real time after each test airspeed, and before clearing the aircraft to the next test point. These computations were completed in under I min. A simulation model was implemented by integrating an advanced model of the UH-60A aerodynamics, dynamic equations for the two-body slung-load system with multi-cable suspension, and load static aerodynamics obtained from wind-tunnel measurements. Comparisons with flight data for the helicopter alone and with a slung load showed good overall agreement for all parameters and test points; however, unmodeled secondary dynamic losses around 10 rad/sec were found in the helicopter model and they resulted in conservative stability margin estimates. C1 USA, Ames Res Ctr, Army Rotorcraft Div,Aviat & Missile Command, NASA,Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Haifa, Israel. RP Cicolani, LS (reprint author), USA, Ames Res Ctr, Army Rotorcraft Div,Aviat & Missile Command, NASA,Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD APR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 2 BP 140 EP 160 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 466UR UT WOS:000170665000006 ER PT J AU Lucke, RL AF Lucke, RL TI Fourier-space properties of photon-limited noise in focal plane array data, calculated with the discrete Fourier transform SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID FRINGE AB The Fourier-space statistical properties of one-dimensional or two-dimensional focal plane array data subject only to photon-counting noise are investigated theoretically by using the discrete Fourier transform. Signal-to-noise ratios and probability density functions for the noise and for the components of the Fourier transform are presented for two cases: when the Fourier transform itself is considered to be the signal and when the power spectrum is considered to be the signal. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7218, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD APR PY 2001 VL 18 IS 4 BP 777 EP 790 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.000777 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 415UH UT WOS:000167741600006 ER PT J AU Volino, RJ Hultgren, LS AF Volino, RJ Hultgren, LS TI Measurements in separated and transitional boundary layers under low-pressure turbine airfoil conditions SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY ID FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE; FLOW; CURVATURE; GRADIENT; MODEL AB Derailed velocity measurements were made along a flat plate subject to the same dimensionless pressure gradient as the suction side of a modern low-pressure turbine airfoil. Reynolds numbers based on wetted plate length and nominal exit velocity were varied from 50,000 to 300,000, covering cruise to takeoff conditions. Low and high inlet free-stream turbulence intensities (0.2 and 7 percent) were set using passive grids. The location of boundary-layer separation does not depend strongly on the free-stream turbulence level of Reynolds number, as long as the boundary layer remains nonturbulent prior to separation. Strong acceleration prevents transition on the upstream part of the plate in all cases. Both free-stream turbulence and Reynolds number have strong effects on transition in the adverse pressure gradient region. Under low free-stream turbulence conditions, transition is induced by instability waves in the shear layer of the separation bubble. Reattachment generally occurs at the transition start. At Re = 50,000 the separation bubble does not close before the trailing edge of the modeled airfoil. Ar higher Re, transition moves upstream, and the boundary, layer reattaches. With high free-stream turbulence levels, transition appears to occur in a bypass mode, similar to that in attached boundary layers. Transition moves upstream, resulting in shorter separation regions. At Be above 200,000 transition begins before separation. Mean velocity, turbulence, and intermittency profiles are presented. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Volino, RJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM volino@usna.edu; hultgren@grc.nasa.gov RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 32 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2001 VL 123 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1115/1.1350408 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 439XG UT WOS:000169142400002 ER PT J AU Amling, CL Bergstralh, EJ Blute, ML Slezak, JM Zincke, H AF Amling, CL Bergstralh, EJ Blute, ML Slezak, JM Zincke, H TI Defining prostate specific antigen progression after radical prostatectomy: What is the most appropriate cut point? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; prostate-specific antigen; biochemical phenomena; recurrence ID RADIATION-THERAPY; CANCER; RECURRENCE; NOMOGRAM AB Purpose: The most appropriate definition of biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy is uncertain. We analyzed the effect of using various prostate specific antigen (PSA) end point definitions for defining biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy and attempted to determine the best PSA cut point to use. Aspects of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) definition of biochemical failure after radiation therapy are also analyzed in our radical prostatectomy cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,782 men with clinically localized prostate cancer (cT1-T2) who had undergone radical prostatectomy between 1987 and 1993 were reviewed. All patients had regular PSA determinations from surgery through followup. Analysis was limited to patients who did not receive adjuvant treatment within 90 days of radical prostatectomy. Biochemical, PSA progression-fi ee percent after radical prostatectomy was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method using several PSA cut points, including 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ng./ml. or greater, as well as 0.4 ng./ml. or greater and increasing. Progression-free percent was also assessed using the ASTRO definition, which is 3 increases in PSA. To determine which PSA level was most appropriate to define progression after radical prostatectomy, the percentage of patients with a continued PSA increase after reaching each cut point was determined. The relationship between the maximum PSA within 3 years of surgery and subsequent development of clinical disease was also assessed. Results: Progression-free percent was dependent on the PSA cut point used. Biochemical progression-free percentages for cut points 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ng./ml. or greater were 62%, 72%, 76% and 78% at 5 years, and 43%, 54%, 59% and 61% at 10 years, respectively. A subsequent increase in PSA was noted in 49%, 62% and 72% of patients who had PSA 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 ng./ml., respectively. Subsequent clinical progression (local or systemic) was directly related to the maximum PSA attained within 3 years of radical prostatectomy (p = 0.0001). Progression-free percent for definitions requiring multiple increases in PSA were dependent on when the event was said to occur. Backdating of events at or before the first PSA (ASTRO definition) resulted in poorer, short-term progression-free percent (78% at 5 years), with little apparent Likelihood of long-term failure (78% at 10 years). Coding the event at the last PSA increase when all event criteria had been met resulted in more realistic progression-free percent estimates (85% at 5 and 59% at 10 years). Conclusions: Biochemical, PSA progression rates vary markedly depending on the method used to define PSA failure. Methods that require multiple increasing PSA values, for example the ASTRO definition, give misleading results, especially if the event time is backdated. Standards for defining PSA progression would allow more consistent and comparable progression estimates after radical prostatectomy. PSA 0.4 ng./ml. or greater may be the most appropriate cut point to use since a significant number of patients with lower PSA do not have a continued increase in it. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Urol, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Biostat Sect, Rochester, MN USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 17 TC 286 Z9 301 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD APR PY 2001 VL 165 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66452-X PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 411MK UT WOS:000167503700026 PM 11257657 ER PT J AU Kennell, C AF Kennell, C TI On the nature of the transport factor component TFship SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY AND SNAME NEWS LA English DT Article ID SPEED AB This paper presents a revised empirical model for TFship, the Transport Factor component related to empty ship weight. Empty ship weight is shown to be dependent on a ship volume parameter, "deadweight density," that relates the sum of cargo and fuel weight to the sum of cargo and fuel volume. The revised model is compatible with Transport Factor analyses that assess transport properties of ship types of interest for high-speed sealift. Applicability is limited to displacement and semi-displacement monohulls and catamarans. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Kennell, C (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, David Taylor Model Basin, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NAVAL ARCH MARINE ENG PI JERSEY CITY PA 601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CITY, NJ 07306 USA SN 0025-3316 J9 MAR TECHNOL SNAME N JI Mar. Technol. Sname News PD APR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 517HP UT WOS:000173605300005 ER PT J AU Booth-Kewley, S Gilman, PA Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK AF Booth-Kewley, S Gilman, PA Shaffer, RA Brodine, SK TI Evaluation of a sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus prevention train-the-trainer program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIDS-PREVENTION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIORS; WOMEN AB in this study, a behavioral intervention known as the STD/HIV Intervention Program (SHIP) was implemented at the Navy preventive medicine technician (PMT) school as a "train-the-trainer" course. Course evaluation questionnaires were administered to PMT students immediately after the training, Follow-up interviews evaluating the SHIP course were conducted with PMTs (N = 73) 1 year after the training. PMT students were fairly satisfied with SHIP overall, as well as with specific components of the course. As hypothesized, the SHIP train-the-trainer course was considered useful by most PMTs in their first duty assignments after completing PMT school. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Booth-Kewley, S (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 166 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653CZ UT WOS:000181418800005 PM 11315468 ER PT J AU Kobus, DA Amundson, D Moses, JD Rascona, D Gubler, KD AF Kobus, DA Amundson, D Moses, JD Rascona, D Gubler, KD TI A computerized medical incident reporting system for errors in the intensive care unit: Initial evaluation of interrater agreement SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACCIDENTS; PREVENTION; EVENTS AB Errors resulting in adverse events in the medical care system are ubiquitous and underreported. Critical incident techniques that have been used to reduce errors in aviation have recently been applied to evaluate adverse events in the critical care arena. We report an evaluation of interrater agreement on responses to questions concerning adverse event reporting using a computer-based medical incident reporting system (MIRS). Thirty-four intensive care unit staff volunteers reviewed five fabricated test cases containing iatrogenic factors, then completed an incident report for each case using the MIRS. Interrater agreement was significant for all five cases (p < 0.01). The time required to complete a report decreased significantly from the first case to the last (p < 0.01). Overall the MIRS was perceived as a relatively quick (<6 minutes) and comprehensive reporting tool. The results indicate that health care providers report adverse events similarly, suggesting that the MIRS would be a useful tool in the reduction of errors (as a process improvement program) and to facilitate the continuing process of health care improvement. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Kobus, DA (reprint author), Pacific Sci & Engn Grp, Med Syst Div, 6310 Greenwich Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92122 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 166 IS 4 BP 350 EP 353 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653CZ UT WOS:000181418800016 PM 11315479 ER PT J AU Siren, AL McCarron, R Wang, L Garcia-Pinto, P Ruetzler, C Martin, D Hallenbeck, JM AF Siren, AL McCarron, R Wang, L Garcia-Pinto, P Ruetzler, C Martin, D Hallenbeck, JM TI Proinflammatory cytokine expression contributes to brain injury provoked by chronic monocyte activation SO MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA MESSENGER-RNA; BLADDER-CANCER PATIENTS; FACTOR-ALPHA; PERIPHERAL-CIRCULATION; RISK-FACTORS; RAT-BRAIN; AGED RATS AB Background: We have proposed that an increased interaction between monocyte/macrophages and blood vessel endothelium predisposes subjects to strokes. The effect of chronic monocyte activation on the development of cerebral infarcts was thus studied in rats after provocation of a modified local Swartzman reaction, in brain vasculature. Materials and Methods: Two weeks after an IV bolus of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), we studied spontaneous superoxide production, integrin expression, endothelial adhesion of monocytes' and the neurological symptoms, brain histology, and cytokine immunoreactivity after a provocative dose of LPS (30-300 mug/rat i.c.v.). Results: Monocyte migration into the brain was stimulated by BCG priming. The incidence of paralysis and death in response to LPS was markedly increased in BCG-primed rats. Histological evaluation of the brains of neurologically impaired and moribund animals revealed intravascular thrombosis and pale and hemorrhagic infarcts. Infiltrates of leukocytes expressing immunoreactive IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were found around blood vessels, cerebral ventricles, and meninges, and were accompanied by a profound microglial expression of IL1 beta, endothelial expression of IL-6, and expression of TNF-alpha and TNF-R1 in glia and neurons of cortex and hippocampus. Treatment (2 x 100 mug/10 mul, i.c.v.) with recombinant human (rh-)TNF 55kDa receptor completely prevented, and treatment with rh-IL-l receptor antagonist significantly decreased the incidence of paralysis and death in response to BCG + LPS. The improvement of neurological symptoms was accompanied by reduced histological damage and supppression of IL-1 beta expression in the brain tissue. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that chronic monocyte activation predisposes subjects to thrombosis and hemorrhage via an exaggerated release of proinflammatory cytokines. C1 Max Planck Inst Expt Med, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Gottingen, Dept Psychiat, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Dept Neurol, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. USN, Inst Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Amgen Inc, Dept Pharmacol, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Siren, AL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Expt Med, Hermann Rein Str 3, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. OI Siren, Anna-Leena/0000-0002-2217-0081 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-28225] NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 1076-1551 J9 MOL MED JI Mol. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 219 EP 229 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 432UM UT WOS:000168714100001 PM 11471566 ER PT J AU Sim, BKL Narum, DL Liang, H Fuhrmann, SR Obaldia, N Gramzinski, R Aguiar, J Haynes, JD Moch, JK Hoffman, SL AF Sim, BKL Narum, DL Liang, H Fuhrmann, SR Obaldia, N Gramzinski, R Aguiar, J Haynes, JD Moch, JK Hoffman, SL TI Induction of biologically active antibodies in mice, rabbits, and monkeys by Plasmodium falciparum EBA-175 region II DNA vaccine SO MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTE BINDING ANTIGEN; MEROZOITE INVASION; GLYCOPHORIN-A; OWL MONKEY; RECEPTOR; DOMAIN; EXPRESSION; PATHWAYS; SURFACE; PROTEIN AB Background: Plasmodium falciparum merozoites bind to and invade human erythrocytes via specific erythrocyte receptors. This establishes the erythrocytic stage of the parasite life cycle that causes clinical disease resulting in 2-3 million deaths per year. We tested the hypothesis that a Plasmodium falciparum ligand, EBA-175 region II (RII), which binds its erythrocyte receptor glycophorin A during invasion, can be used as an immunogen to induce antibodies that block the binding of RII to erythrocytes and thereby inhibit parasite invasion of erythrocytes. Accordingly, we immunized mice, rabbits, and monkeys with DNA plasmids that encoded the 616 amino acid RII. Materials and Methods: DNA vaccine plasmids that targeted the secretion of recombinant RII protein with and without the universal T-cell helper epitopes P2P30 were used to immunize mice, rabbits, and Aotus monkeys. RII specific antibodies were assessed by IFA, ELISA, blocking of native [S-35] labeled EBA-175 binding to human erythrocytes, and growth inhibition assays, all in vitro. Results: The RII DNA plasmids were highly immunogenic as measured by ELISA and IFA. The anti-RII antibodies blocked the binding of native EBA-175 to erythrocytes, and resetting of erythrocytes on COS-7 cells expressing RII. Most important, murine and rabbit anti-RII antibodies inhibited the invasion of merozoites into erythrocytes. We immunized nonhuman primates and showed that the RII-DNA plasmids were immunogenic and well tolerated in these monkeys. Monkeys were challenged with parasitized erythrocytes; one of three monkeys that received RII DNA plasmid was protected from fulminant disease. After challenge with live parasites, anti-RII antibody titers were boosted in the immunized monkeys. Conclusions: By proving the hypothesis that anti-RII antibodies can block merozoite invasion of erythrocytes, these studies pave the way for the clinical evaluation of EBA-175 as a receptor-blockade vaccine. C1 EntreMed Inc, Dept Biol Mol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Promed Gorgas Mem Lab, Panama City, Panama. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sim, BKL (reprint author), EntreMed Inc, Dept Biol Mol, 9640 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Obaldia, Nicanor/O-8460-2015; OI Obaldia, Nicanor/0000-0002-3711-9449 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI36758] NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 1076-1551 J9 MOL MED JI Mol. Med. PD APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 432UM UT WOS:000168714100004 PM 11471569 ER PT J AU Daulton, TL Kirk, MA Lewis, RS Rehn, LE AF Daulton, TL Kirk, MA Lewis, RS Rehn, LE TI Production of nanodiamonds by high-energy ion irradiation of graphite at room temperature SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM2000) CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL CANELA, BRAZIL SP Inst Fis UFRGS, Ion Implantat Lab ID INDUCED DIAMOND FORMATION; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS; FILMS; ONIONS AB It has previously been shown that graphite can be transformed into diamond by MeV electron and ion irradiation at temperatures above approximately 600 degreesC. However. there exists geological evidence suggesting that carbonaceous materials can be transformed to diamond by irradiation at substantially lower temperatures. For example, submicronsize diamond aggregates have been found in uranium-rich, Precambrian carbonaceous deposits that never experienced high temperature or pressure. To test if diamonds can be formed at lower irradiation temperatures. sheets of fine-grain polycrystalline graphite were bombarded at 20 degreesC with 350 +/- 50 MeV Kr ions to fluences of 6 x 10(12) cm(-2) using the Argonne tandem linear accelerator system (ATLAS). Ion-irradiated land unirradiated control) graphite specimens were then subjected to acid dissolution treatments to remove untransformed graphite and isolate diamonds that were produced; these acid residues were subsequently characterized by high-resolution and analytical electron microscopy. The acid residue of the ion-irradiated graphite was found to contain nanodiamonds, demonstrating that ion irradiation of graphite at ambient temperature can produce diamond. The diamond yield under our irradiation conditions is low, similar to0.01 diamonds/ion. An important observation that emerges from comparing the present result with previous observations of diamond formation during irradiation is that nanodiamonds form under a surprisingly R ide range of irradiation conditions. This propensity may be related to the very small difference in the graphite and diamond free-energies coupled with surface-energy considerations that may alter the relative stability of diamond and graphite at nanometer sizes. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Rehn, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2001 VL 175 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00603-0 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444FH UT WOS:000169389100003 ER PT J AU Molnar, B Fatemi, M Qadri, SB Carosella, CA AF Molnar, B Fatemi, M Qadri, SB Carosella, CA TI Correlation between the depth profiles of the implantation-induced carriers and the lattice strains in high-energy implanted and annealed InP SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM2000) CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL CANELA, BRAZIL SP Inst Fis UFRGS, Ion Implantat Lab DE InP; ion implantation; X-ray diffraction ID ION-IMPLANTATION AB We have investigated the effect of ion bombardment on the electrical properties and on the lattice parameter of InP. The depth positions of the defects formed after high-energy implantation at room temperature were determined. The evolution of the defects' distributions was investigated by annealing up to 750 degreesC. There are two distinct types of defects seen. The implantation induces n-type carriers up to the projected range, R,. Negative strain is observed in the same region. Behind the negatively strained region is a region with positive strain. Three annealing stages have been established. These are related to the strains and removal of carriers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carosella, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6673,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2001 VL 175 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00594-2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444FH UT WOS:000169389100056 ER PT J AU Schiestel, S Qadri, SB Carosella, CA Hubler, GK Knies, D AF Schiestel, S Qadri, SB Carosella, CA Hubler, GK Knies, D TI The control of gold nanocluster sizes and volume fraction in dielectric thin films via ion-beam assisted deposition SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM2000) CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL CANELA, BRAZIL SP Inst Fis UFRGS, Ion Implantat Lab DE gold nanocluster; ion beam assisted deposition; XRD ID CLUSTERS AB Gold nanocluster in silica were deposited by co-evaporation of gold and silica in the presence of an argon ion beam. Cold clusters are formed in situ during the deposition process. The damage induced by the ion beam controls the cluster size and clusters with a diameter between 15 and 30 A are obtained. The Au clusters show a highly compressive strain, as measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and lattice parameters up to 3.5% smaller than in bulk gold are observed. Deposition at 500 degreesC leads to the formation of slightly larger clusters (22-35 Angstrom), which show less strain. Post-annealing at temperatures up to 800 degreesC relieves the strain and leads to a growth of the gold clusters up to 45 Angstrom. By the choice of the substrate the orientation of the clusters can be influenced. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schiestel, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, USN, Res Lab, Code 6373,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR PY 2001 VL 175 BP 314 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00638-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 444FH UT WOS:000169389100058 ER PT J AU Shin, AY Bishop, AT AF Shin, AY Bishop, AT TI Vascularized bone grafts for scaphoid nonunion and Kienbock's disease SO ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Orthoped Surg & Surg Hand, Div Hand Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Grad Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microvasc, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bishop, AT (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Orthoped Surg, 200 1St St Sw, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-5898 J9 ORTHOP CLIN N AM JI Orthop. Clin. North Am. PD APR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70248-0 PG 15 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 437JB UT WOS:000168987600005 PM 11331540 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF AF Pandey, RB Gettrust, JF TI A Monte Carlo simulation of thermal-driven fluid: flux rate and density profile SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article DE driven flow; density profile; flow rate; lattice gas ID METHANE HYDRATE STABILITY; GAS HYDRATE; EVOLUTION; WATER AB Effects of uniform temperature and linear temperature gradient on flow rate and density profile of fluid driven from a source to an open system is studied by a Monte Carlo simulation in three dimensions. The steady-state density profile with uniform temperature differs significantly from that of the temperature gradient at all but high-temperature regimes, where the profile is a linear density gradient; the crossover to linear density gradient of the profile is sensitive to range of temperature variation. The response of the flow rate density to the temperature is nonlinear. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00610-5 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 413TP UT WOS:000167628300009 ER PT J AU Crooker, SA Rickel, DG Johnston-Halperin, E Awschalom, DD Knobel, R Samarth, N Lyo, SK Efros, A AF Crooker, SA Rickel, DG Johnston-Halperin, E Awschalom, DD Knobel, R Samarth, N Lyo, SK Efros, A TI Optical spectroscopy of magnetic 2D electron gases at the Los Alamos pulsed magnetic field facility SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on High Magntic Fields in Semiconductor Physicis (SemiMag 2000) CY SEP 24-29, 2000 CL KUNIBIKI-MESSE, JAPAN DE pulsed magnetic fields; charged excitons; quantum dots; magnetic semiconductors ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS; STATE; EXCITON AB A brief overview of the magnet technologies at the pulsed field facility at Los Alamos is presented, focusing on the experimental capabilities made possible by the unique generator-driven 60 T long-pulse magnet. Optical spectroscopy is one such beneficiary, and recent measurements of semiconductor systems are discussed, including studies of magnetic-disorder annealing in diluted magnetic semiconductors, "dark" excitons in CdSe quantum dots, and in particular, studies of negatively-charged exciton states in magnetic 2D electron gases. Here, the huge Zeeman energy inherent in these magnetically-doped II-VI materials results in a completely spin-polarized electron gas (even at low magnetic fields), and drives an apparent instability of the singlet (spin antiparallel) electrons that are bound to the photohole. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Crooker, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel/B-5902-2012; Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR PY 2001 VL 298 IS 1-4 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00345-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 437LH UT WOS:000168992800076 ER PT J AU Feldman, U AF Feldman, U TI EBIT measurements that can help establish the excitation conditions in hot solar upper atmosphere plasmas SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL LEVEL VALUES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; LINE EMISSION; BURST MODEL; N=2 CONFIGURATIONS; TRANSITION REGION; 3D CONFIGURATIONS; ATOMIC DATABASE; SPECTRAL-LINES; ENERGY-LEVELS AB In principle, the temperatures of solar upper atmosphere plasmas can be derived from the degree of ionization of the ions in the plasma and also from intensity ratios of properly selected lines within particular ions. When such comparisons are made, more often than not discrepancies between the two methods appear. The reason for the discrepancies may be due to wrong assumptions regarding the atomic processes that occur in the emitting plasma or to inaccuracies in the atomic cross-sections used in deriving the temperature sensitive line intensity ratios. This paper presents several types of spectral lines for which their intensity ratios are expected to be sensitive to the temperature of solar plasmas. However, before the diagnostic capabilities of these lines can be explored, the dependency of intensity ratios on temperature needs to be established from a well-understood laboratory measurement. It is proposed that attempts be made to measure some of the listed intensity ratios as a function of electron beam energy in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) machine. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 4 BP 276 EP 283 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.063a00276 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 424UK UT WOS:000168252200005 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Doron, R Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A AF Feldman, U Doron, R Klapisch, M Bar-Shalom, A TI Intensity vs. electron density of the ultraviolet M1 transition in Xe32+, Gd42+, W52+, Bi61+, and U70+ (Ti-like ions) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID FORBIDDEN LINES; GROUND-TERM; ELEMENTS; ATOMS AB This work presents theoretical calculations of the intensity of the W lines arising from forbidden MI transitions within the ground configuration of highly ionized Ti-like ions. The intensity of these lines is calculated for different electron densities in the range 10(11)-10(16) cm(-3) and compared to lines arising from electric dipole allowed transitions between excited levels with J = 1 and the ground level (J = 0). The calculations show that the forbidden Mi transitions have a non-negligible intensity in densities that are of interest to tokamak machines. In particular, the intensity of the near UV line arising from the M1 transition between the lowest J = 3 and J = 2 levels in the ground configuration, is found to be of the order of 1% of the strongest line emitted by the ion. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. ARTEP Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Doron, Ramy/I-2064-2013 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD APR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 4 BP 284 EP 288 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.063a00284 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 424UK UT WOS:000168252200006 ER PT J AU Chang, TH Yang, CH Yang, MJ AF Chang, TH Yang, CH Yang, MJ TI STM observation of single electron charging in 70 nm InAs quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD2000) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL TECHN UNIV MUNICH, MUNICH, GERMANY HO TECHN UNIV MUNICH ID HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Using electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching, we have patterned InAs/AlSb-based double-barrier resonant tunneling structures into dots of 70 nm in diameter. The confining potential of electrons in the InAs quantum disc is abrupt and square. A scanning tunneling microscope is adopted to measure the de current-voltage characteristics at 4.2 It, and features owing to Coulomb blockade and Coulomb staircase can be clearly identified. In addition, the current-voltage characteristics display telegraph noise due to charging and discharging of single elections at surface states. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD APR PY 2001 VL 224 IS 3 BP 693 EP 696 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 427XU UT WOS:000168432100017 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL AF Albrecht, JD Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL TI Thermal conductivity of opals and related composites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; SYNTHETIC OPALS; RESISTANCE; PBSE AB The thermal current how through periodic composites and the corresponding effective thermal conductivities are studied within a continuum approach. We formulate a boundary-integral method for calculating the thermal conductivity of structures with two- and three-dimensional periodic lattices. Explicit results are given for lattices involving overlapping features and contact is made with the Maxwell approximation for simple porous media. As a particular example detailed calculations are made for the thermal conductivities of media in the synthetic opal class of composites. We consider opals that are comprised of overlapping spheres arrayed in face-centered-cubic lattices and inverse opals that are formed by filling the interconnected pores of opal lattices. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Albrecht, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 13 AR 134303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.134303 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 418MB UT WOS:000167895000050 ER PT J AU Graf, MJ Hess, DW AF Graf, MJ Hess, DW TI Antiferromagnetic domains and superconductivity in UPt3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION SUPERCONDUCTOR; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; ODD-PARITY SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTOR; ORDER-PARAMETER; PHASE-DIAGRAM; MAGNETIC ORDER; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; UNIAXIAL PRESSURE AB We explore the response of an unconventional superconductor to spatially inhomogeneous antiferromagnetism (SIAFM). Symmetry allows the superconducting order parameter in the E-representation models fur UPt3 to couple directly to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) order parameter. The Ginzburg-Landau equations for coupled superconductivity and SIAFM are solved numerically for two possible SIAFM configurations: Model I, abutting antiferromagnetic domains of uniform size; and Model II, quenched random disorder of "nanodomains" in a uniform AFM background. We discuss the contributions to the free energy, specific heat, and order parameter for these models. Neither model provides a satisfactory account of experiment, but results from the two models differ significantly. Our results demonstrate that the response of an E-2u superconductor to SIAFM is strongly dependent on the spatial dependence of AFM order; no conclusion can be drawn regarding the compatibility of E-2u superconductivity with UPt3 that is independent of assumptions on the spatial dependence of antiferromagnetism. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Graf, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 13 AR 134502 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 418MB UT WOS:000167895000091 ER PT J AU Lill, JV Broughton, JQ AF Lill, JV Broughton, JQ TI Atomistic simulations with slip boundary conditions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS METHOD; MARTENSITIC NUCLEATION; GENERAL MECHANISM; CRYSTALS; TRANSFORMATIONS; ALGORITHMS AB Dynamical variables are incorporated into Parrinello-Rahman simulations that allow for slipping of the simulation cell relative to its periodic images above and below a specified plane. Equations of motion are derived that show the slip to be determined by the dynamical balance of an internal virial traction and an external glide force. Elements of the phenomenological theory of martensitic transformations-namely, the existence of a habit plane and the fact that the macroscopic deformation of the new phase corresponds to an invariant plane shear-arn introduced through the imposition of Lagrangian constraints on the dynamics of the cell and slip variables. A model structural transformation is simulated with and without slip, and with rational and irrational habit planes. The allowance of slip with an irrational habit plane dramatically lowers the barrier to the transformation. The results exhibit a remarkably wide variety of dislocation behavior, including edge and screw dislocations, slip, cross slip, dissociation, and twinning. An example of the physical processes thought to be responsible for the rapid propagation of the phase transformation in steels and shape memory alloys-a glissile dislocation interface-is also observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lill, JV (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol Management, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 14 AR 144102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.144102 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 421HW UT WOS:000168059800033 ER PT J AU Kink, I Laming, JM Takacs, E Porto, JV Gillaspy, JD Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, SR Barbera, M Brickhouse, N Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE AF Kink, I Laming, JM Takacs, E Porto, JV Gillaspy, JD Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, SR Barbera, M Brickhouse, N Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE TI Analysis of broadband x-ray spectra of highly charged krypton from a microcalorimeter detector of an electron-beam ion trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FE-XVII; NE-LIKE; PLASMAS; ATOMS; KR; COEFFICIENTS; ULTRAVIOLET; DENSITY; REGION; LINES AB Spectra of highly charged Kr ions, produced in an electron-beam ion trap (EBIT), have been recorded in a broad x-ray energy band (0.3 keV to 4 keV) with a microcalorimeter detector. Most of the spectral lines have been identified as transitions of B- to Al-like Kr. The transition energies have been determined with 0.2% uncertainty. A semi-empirical EBIT plasma model has been created to calculate a synthetic spectrum of highly charged Kr and to determine a charge state distribution of Kr ions inside the EBIT. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osservatorio Astron GS Vaiana, Palermo, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kink, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 4 AR 046409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.046409 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 424CT UT WOS:000168215100065 PM 11308958 ER PT J AU Dimitropoulos, CD Sureshkumar, R Beris, AN Handler, RA AF Dimitropoulos, CD Sureshkumar, R Beris, AN Handler, RA TI Budgets of Reynolds stress, kinetic energy and streamwise enstrophy in viscoelastic turbulent channel flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DILUTE POLYMER-SOLUTION; DRAG REDUCTION; WALL TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; FLUID AB The budgets of the Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy and streamwise enstrophy are evaluated through direct numerical simulations for the turbulent channel flow of a viscoelastic polymer solution modeled with the Finitely Extensible Nonlinear Elastic with the Peterlin approximation (FENE-P) constitutive equation. The influence of viscoelasticity on the budgets is examined through a comparison of the Newtonian and the viscoelastic budgets obtained for the same constant pressure drop across the channel. It is observed that as the extensional viscosity of the polymer solution increases there is a consistent decrease in the production of Reynolds stress in all components, as well as in the other terms in the budgets. In particular, the effect of the flow elasticity, which is associated with the reduction in the intensity of the velocity-pressure gradient correlations, potentially leads to a redistribution of the turbulent kinetic energy among the streamwise, the wall-normal and the spanwise directions. In this work, we also show that in the presence of viscoelasticity there is a significant reduction in all components of the production of streamwise enstrophy. This is consistent with a proposed mechanism for polymer-induced drag reduction through the inhibition of vortex stretching by the high extensional viscosity of the polymer solution. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Beris, AN (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 37 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD APR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1027 DI 10.1063/1.1345882 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 411KN UT WOS:000167499400019 ER PT J AU Slinker, SP Fedder, JA McEwen, DJ Zhang, Y Lyon, JG AF Slinker, SP Fedder, JA McEwen, DJ Zhang, Y Lyon, JG TI Polar cap study during northward interplanetary magnetic field on 19 January 1998 SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Geophys Union ID GLOBAL NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; IMF B-Y; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; THETA-AURORA; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOTAIL; IONOSPHERE; CURRENTS; ARCS AB The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was northward for an extended period on 19 January 1998. This caused the open polar cap of the ionosphere to become very small and the auroral emission to move poleward. The auroral emission at 630 nm was observed by the meridian scanning photometer located at Eureka near the north magnetic pole. Effects of changes in sign of the dawn-dusk component of the IMF were also observed. A magnetohydrodynamic simulation model of the magnetosphere and ionosphere was used to study these events. The model was driven using data from the Wind and IMP-8 spacecraft. The simulation results show a very small open polar cap indicating that the magnetosphere is nearly closed. Moreover, in response to the shift from dawnward to duskward IMF, a narrow strip of closed field breaks off from the dawn boundary and convects across the polar cap and into the dusk boundary. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Slinker, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Zhang, Yongliang/C-2180-2016 OI Zhang, Yongliang/0000-0003-4851-1662 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1126 DI 10.1063/1.1355680 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 413LF UT WOS:000167613100006 ER PT J AU Seltzer, MD AF Seltzer, MD TI Multimetal monitoring and MACT rule SO POLLUTION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. RP Seltzer, MD (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI OAK BROOK PA 2000 CLEARWATER DR, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-8809 USA SN 0032-3640 J9 POLLUT ENG JI Pollut. Eng. PD APR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 422ZD UT WOS:000168148500012 ER PT J AU Seibel, FL Johnson, WB AF Seibel, FL Johnson, WB TI Parental control, trait anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; COMPETENCE AB Research on developmental psychopathology has highlighted the role of parental behavior in subsequent development of pathology in children and adolescents. Although parental psychological control has been an area of interest to researchers, the connection between psychological control and anxiety has not been well established. We administered measures of perceived parental control and acceptance (separate forms for mother and father), trait anxiety, and satisfaction with life to 202 undergraduate students. Analysis indicated that perception of parents (both mother and father) as psychologically controlling a as significantly positively correlated with trait anxiety and significantly negatively correlated with satisfaction with Life. This held even after the effects of psychological control by the other parent were statistically eliminated. C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD APR PY 2001 VL 88 IS 2 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.2466/PR0.88.2.473-480 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 426EE UT WOS:000168336200027 PM 11351892 ER PT J AU Deniz, AV Stamper, JA AF Deniz, AV Stamper, JA TI A comparison of glass fluorescers used to measure a pulsed ultraviolet image at F/2 SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LASER-BEAM; INTENSITY AB We built and characterized an instrument to measure the output profile of a pulsed KrF laser. The laser beam is focused onto a similar to1-mm-thick fluorescer, and the resulting fluorescence is imaged by a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. We tested 21 materials for efficiency, linearity, and fidelity. The best material is Schott BG-26 color filter glass. It has acceptable linearity for a fluence of 50 mJ/cm(2), and a spatial resolution of similar to 50 mum with a laser convergence angle of 30 degrees (F/2), when the fluorescence is imaged with F/3 optics. We present a list of the materials tested and comparisons of profiles measured by using the fluorescer and by direct recording with a CCD camera. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Deniz, AV (reprint author), Baker Res Ltd, POB 10036, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2001 VL 72 IS 4 BP 1993 EP 1998 DI 10.1063/1.1353195 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 415FE UT WOS:000167709500008 ER PT J AU Amatucci, WE Schuck, PW Walker, DN Kintner, PM Powell, S Holback, B Leonhardt, D AF Amatucci, WE Schuck, PW Walker, DN Kintner, PM Powell, S Holback, B Leonhardt, D TI Contamination-free sounding rocket Langmuir probe SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS AB A technique for removing surface contaminants from a sounding rocket spherical Langmuir probe is presented. Contamination layers present on probe surfaces can skew the collected data, resulting in the incorrect determination of plasma parameters. Despite following the usual probe cleaning techniques that are used prior to a launch, the probe surface can become coated with layers of adsorbed neutral gas in less than a second when exposed to atmosphere. The laboratory tests reported here show that by heating the probe from the interior using a small halogen lamp, adsorbed neutral particles can be removed from the probe surface, allowing accurate plasma parameter measurements to be made. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Amatucci, WE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Powell, Steven/0000-0002-8829-6752 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2001 VL 72 IS 4 BP 2052 EP 2057 DI 10.1063/1.1357234 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 415FE UT WOS:000167709500018 ER PT J AU Piestrup, MA Wu, XZ Kaplan, VV Uglov, SR Cremer, JT Rule, DW Fiorito, RB AF Piestrup, MA Wu, XZ Kaplan, VV Uglov, SR Cremer, JT Rule, DW Fiorito, RB TI A design of mammography units using a quasimonochromatic x-ray source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SCREEN-FILM MAMMOGRAPHY; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; TRANSITION-RADIATION; EMISSION; CRYSTAL; TARGET; SYNCHROTRON; FILTER; BEAM AB In this article we present a mammography unit design using a parametric x-radiation (PXR) source. We show that PXR can provide a fanned quasimonochromatic x-ray beam that can be used to obtain mammography images of higher contrast and lower dose than those obtained from a conventional x-ray system. Changing the Bragg angle of the PXR crystal with respect to the electron beam changes the photon energy, improves image quality, and minimizes dose. Monte Carlo computer simulations are given that show that the PXR source with a 5% bandwidth gives a figure of merit close to that of the ideal monoenergetic source and significantly higher than that of the filtered-x-ray-tube sources. In order to simultaneously obtain adequate flux and achieve bandwidths below 5%, we utilized an electron-beam energy of 35 MeV and an average current of 300 muA to 1 mA for 3 s (depending upon breast thickness and density). Slits after the PX radiator are used to define both the spatial distribution and the spectral bandwidth of the x-ray beam, which is scanned over the breast in approximately 3 s. A graphite crystal C (002) in the Laue geometry is utilized as the PX radiator. Lower electron-beam currents might be possible as higher efficiency PX or hybrid radiators become available. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Adelphi Technol, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Radiol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Tomsk Polytech Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Tomsk 634050, Russia. USN, Carderock Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Piestrup, MA (reprint author), Adelphi Technol, 2181 Pk Blvd, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2001 VL 72 IS 4 BP 2159 EP 2170 DI 10.1063/1.1350639 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 415FE UT WOS:000167709500037 ER PT J AU Creusere, CD AF Creusere, CD TI Motion-compensated video compression with reduced complexity encoding for remote transmission SO SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE image compression; video compression; motion compensation; low complexity; wavelet; scalable coding ID SUBBAND; IMAGES AB Efficient operation at very low bit-rates necessitates a complex encoder that can exploit both spatial and temporal redundancy in a video sequence. To reduce the complexity of such an encoder, we introduce here a new form of motion compensation similar to the conventional hybrid DPCM-transform method but where the compensation is performed outside the feedback loop. In addition to reducing encoder complexity, the proposed out-of-loop (OOL) compensation scheme also supports resolution and frame-rate scalability. While the basic idea is conceptually similar to the pan compensation proposed by Taubman and Zakhor, our method continually tracks and updates the image in the feedback loop in the same way as the conventional DPCM coder. Using OOL compensation, we have observed an average encoder speed increase of 33% on a typical CIF-size video sequence compared to the conventional approach with no significant decrease in decoder speed. Furthermore, we have also found that OOL pan compensation significantly improves the rate-distortion performance of the system relative to conventional pan compensation - taken over five different video sequences, the average bit-rate reduction is 9.2% and the average mean-squared error reduction is 29.6%. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Creusere, CD (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, MSC 3-0,POB 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-5965 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS-IMAGE JI Signal Process.-Image Commun. PD APR PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1016/S0923-5965(00)00040-0 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 421NH UT WOS:000168070100002 ER PT J AU van Keuren, DK AF van Keuren, DK TI Cold War science in black and white: US intelligence gathering and its scientific cover at the Naval Research Laboratory, 1948-62 SO SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electronic intelligence (elint); Friedman; GRAB; Project PAMOR; radio astronomy; Sugar Grove; Trexler ID SECURITY AB In the immediate post-World War II era, researchers with the US Naval Research Laboratory's Radio Counter Measures (RCM) Branch was active in developing electronic intelligence ('elint') technologies and techniques for collecting information on the Soviet Union and its allies. The work of the Branch was often hidden behind unclassified research and engineering programmes at the Laboratory. The first result of this effort was 'Project PAMOR' (PAssive MOon Relay). which built radio antennae for capturing Soviet radar signals reflected from the moon's surface. Starting in 1954, RCM engineers established a working relationship with the Laboratory's Radio Astronomy Branch. The cooperation was directed towards the development of a 600-ft radio telescope for dual-purpose use in intelligence gathering and astronomical research. Although the 600-ft telescope was never built. a satellite-based alternative, called 'GRAB' (Galactic RAdiation Background), was launched in June of 1960. Again, this was a dual-use system. The world's first elint satellite and astronomical observatory were integrated into the same satellite bus. with astronomy serving as an operational front for the whole. A second GRAB was launched in 1962. This interface of classified and basic research tells us about the pursuit of science and science-based technologies during the Cold War. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP van Keuren, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5204, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0306-3127 J9 SOC STUD SCI JI Soc. Stud. Sci. PD APR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 2 BP 207 EP 229 DI 10.1177/0306312701031002004 PG 23 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 452KR UT WOS:000169857300003 ER PT J AU Laracuente, A Whitman, LJ AF Laracuente, A Whitman, LJ TI Step structures and energies on monahydride-terminated vicinal Si(001) surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE scanning tunneling microscopy; silicon; single crystal surfaces; hydrogen atom; chemisorption; surface structure, morphology, roughness and topography; surface energy; equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SILICON SURFACES; SI(100) SURFACES; HYDROGEN; GROWTH; STABILITY; DIFFUSION; EPITAXY; SI AB Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to determine the equilibrium step structures and step formation energies on monohydride-terminated silicon surfaces for the complete range of (001)-terrace-plus-step orientations. (001) to (114). Compared with the clean surfaces, hydrogen termination alters the atomic-scale step-edge structure and, in many cases, causes large-scale changes in the surface morphology. The structural modifications result directly from a change in the relative energies of the possible single- and double-layer step configurations. These results should prove useful for developing high-fidelity models of film growth and surface processing on silicon substrates in complex gaseous environments. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laracuente, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 476 IS 3 BP L247 EP L253 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)00767-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 416GQ UT WOS:000167772300002 ER PT J AU Steiner, NK Gans, CP Kosman, C Baldassarre, LA Edson, S Jones, PF Rizzuto, G Pimtanothai, N Koester, R Mitton, W Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Steiner, NK Gans, CP Kosman, C Baldassarre, LA Edson, S Jones, PF Rizzuto, G Pimtanothai, N Koester, R Mitton, W Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Novel HLA-B alleles associated with antigens in the 8C CREG SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; HLA-B ID DIVERSITY AB This paper describes 13 novel HLA-B locus alleles, B*0809, B*0812, B*0813, B*0814, B*14062, B*3804, B*3806, B*3914, B*3915, B*3918. B*3919, B*3920, and B*3922 which represent new patterns of known poly morphic residues. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bangkok, Thailand. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Kensington, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol Microbiol & Immunol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HB67132] NR 7 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD APR PY 2001 VL 57 IS 4 BP 373 EP 375 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057004373.x PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 440RG UT WOS:000169187600015 PM 11380951 ER PT J AU Steiner, NK Gans, CP Kosman, C Bradshaw, D Koester, R Menchaca, EM Mitton, W Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Steiner, NK Gans, CP Kosman, C Bradshaw, D Koester, R Menchaca, EM Mitton, W Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI New alleles in the B44 family including B*44022, B*44032, B*4411, B*4420, B*4421, B*4424, and B*8301 SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; HLA-B ID HLA-B ALLELES; DIVERSITY; ANTIGENS AB Seven new HLA-B locus alleles have been described. B*44022 and B*44032 are silent substitutions altering known alleles. B*4411 carries a unique Bw4-like epitope. B*4420, B*4421, and B*4424 carry new combinations of motifs previously observed in other alleles. B*8301 appears to be the result of the replacement of exon 2 from B*4402 with exon 2 from B*5603. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Kensington, MD USA. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol Microbiol & Immunol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD APR PY 2001 VL 57 IS 4 BP 376 EP 379 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057004376.x PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 440RG UT WOS:000169187600016 PM 11380952 ER PT J AU Schechter, RS Simmonds, KE Mignogna, RB AF Schechter, RS Simmonds, KE Mignogna, RB TI Computational and experimental investigation of the fields generated by a 1-3 piezocomposite transducer SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE piezocomposite transducer; radiated fields; numerical simulation; finite-difference time domain; parallel computing ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; MODES; SIMULATION AB Large-scale three-dimensional numerical simulations using the finite-difference time domain technique are used to compute the continuous wave fields associated with a composite transducer. The interior of the transducer is made of a periodic array of square rods. This lattice causes elastic wave Bragg diffraction similar to electrons in a periodic lattice, A low frequency mode shape is assumed for the rods. This prescribed motion includes longitudinal and transverse components. It is shown that the transverse motion in the rod gives rise to shear waves causing standing waves (lateral resonances) in the polymer regions. This is also confirmed by experimental results presented here and other independent analytical and experimental work. The full-scale numerical simulation is performed on a large parallel supercomputer and permits modeling of not only the composite transducer but the radiated pressure from near to far field. In addition, cover plates and edge effects are included, unlike analytical treatments. Although only mechanical effects are included, the wave propagation approach captures many essential features. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schechter, RS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5314, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD APR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(00)00068-8 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 426NV UT WOS:000168356000003 PM 11349997 ER PT J AU Booth, MG Hutchinson, L Brumsted, M Aas, P Coffin, RB Downer, RC Kelley, CA Lyons, MM Pakulski, JD Sandvik, SLH Jeffrey, WH Miller, RV AF Booth, MG Hutchinson, L Brumsted, M Aas, P Coffin, RB Downer, RC Kelley, CA Lyons, MM Pakulski, JD Sandvik, SLH Jeffrey, WH Miller, RV TI Quantification of recA gene expression as an indicator of repair potential in marine bacterioplankton communities of Antarctica SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Southern Ocean; Antarctica; solar UV radiation; DNA repair; marine bacterioplankton communities; recA gene; RecA protein ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; UV-B; SOLAR-RADIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA PHOTODAMAGE; AERUGINOSA PAO; INDUCED DAMAGE; TOTAL OZONE; INHIBITION; RESPONSES AB Marine bacteria in surface waters must cope daily with the damaging effects of exposure to solar radiation (containing both W-A and UV-B wavelengths), which produces lesions in their DNA. As the stratospheric ozone layer is depleted, these coping mechanisms are likely to play an even more important role in the viability of marine bacterial communities. The recA gene is ubiciuitous among eubacteria and is highly conserved both in nucleotide and amino acid sequence. Besides its role in generalized recombination, the gene's translational product, RecA, is the regulator of 'dark repair' activity (DNA-repair mechanisms that do not require visible light as a cofactor). We have taken advantage of this function and used recA gene expression as a barometer of the DNA-damage repair capacity of bacterial assemblages in the Southern Ocean. Studies were conducted in the Gerlache Strait, Antarctica, in the austral springs of 1995 and 1996. Analysis of both recA mRNA and RecA protein extracted from natural communities indicated that the level of expression of this gene varied in a diel fashion, suggesting an increased repair capacity in these organisms. These included an early morning rise in RecA levels followed by a plateau or even a reduction in RecA concentration during the remainder of the day. A much greater increase in RecA was consistently observed after sunset. followed by a constant decrease during the night. Microcosm experiments with a RecA(+) Gerlache Strait gamma -proteobacteria isolate, RM11001, demonstrated a similar diel pattern of expression. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of RecA as a biological indicator of DNA repair capacity in natural bacterial assemblages. They indicate that 'dark repair' of DNA damage is an important coping mechanism for bacteria in the marine environment of Antarctica. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Natl Res Council, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ W Florida, Ctr Environm Diag & Bioremediat, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Miller, RV (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Kelley, Cheryl/K-9392-2015 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD MAR 28 PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.3354/ame024051 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 423ZU UT WOS:000168208300006 ER PT J AU Ishii, Y Yesinowski, JP Tycko, R AF Ishii, Y Yesinowski, JP Tycko, R TI Sensitivity enhancement in solid-state C-13 NMR of synthetic polymers and biopolymers by H-1 NMR detection with high-speed magic angle spinning SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; HETERONUCLEAR CORRELATION; ROTATING SOLIDS; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; PROTON; SPECTRA C1 NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tycko, R (reprint author), NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bldg 2, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Ishii, Yoshitaka/F-4558-2014 OI Ishii, Yoshitaka/0000-0002-7724-6469 NR 21 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 12 BP 2921 EP 2922 DI 10.1021/ja015505j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 416QV UT WOS:000167792400041 PM 11456995 ER PT J AU Blankenship, CB Wilheit, TT AF Blankenship, CB Wilheit, TT TI SSM/T-2 measurements of regional changes in three-dimensional water vapor fields during ENSO events SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd AGU Chapman Conference on Water Vapor in the Climate System CY OCT 12-15, 1999 CL POTOMAC, MARYLAND SP Amer Geophysic Union ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; TROPOSPHERE; RETRIEVAL; SURROGATE; PROFILES; FEEDBACK; COOLNESS AB Observations of water vapor fields are presented from the SSM/T-2 (Special Sensor Microwave Temperature-2) radiometer during both El Nino (November 1997) and La Nina (November 1995). Increased SST associated with the El Nino Southern Oscillation is found to cause enhanced circulation with drying in the upper troposphere of subtropical subsidence zones. Although regional rather than global in nature, this is similar to the effect proposed by Lindzen [1997] that could lead to a negative water vapor feedback. These observations provide a useful test of climate models to see how well they model currently observed interannual changes in the water vapor field. Water vapor profiles were retrieved from SSM/T-2 observations by a physical algorithm for all ocean areas between 40 degreesN and 40 degreesS. These data reveal moistening (drying) in regions of equatorial warming (cooling). They also reveal drying (moistening) of the upper troposphere in subsidence zones to the north and south. Patterns of computed and observed clear-sky OLR changes match changes in upper tropospheric humidity closely, with increased OLR in regions of drying. Partitioning of the water vapor field into changes explained by local SST or rainfall and dynamically induced changes indicates that the changes in subtropical upper tropospheric humidity are caused, in part, by large-scale dynamic effects. Numerical values of area averages and plots of zonally averaged quantities are also presented, although analysis is complicated by compensating processes. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Blankenship, CB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Wilheit, Thomas/G-9438-2012 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D6 BP 5239 EP 5254 DI 10.1029/2000JD900706 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 413XB UT WOS:000167635900011 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Gopi, HN Balaram, P AF Karle, IL Gopi, HN Balaram, P TI Peptide hybrids containing alpha- and beta-amino acids: Structure of a decapeptide beta-hairpin with two facing beta-phenylalanine residues SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOLUTION CONFORMATIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FOLDAMERS; DESIGN; HEXAPEPTIDE; OLIGOMERS; STABILITY; SHAPE; TURNS AB A beta -hairpin conformation has been characterized in crystals of the decapeptide t-butoxycarbonyl-Leu-VaI-beta Phe-Val-(D)Pro-Gly-Leu-beta Phe-Val-Val-methyl ester [beta Phe; (S)-beta (3) homophenylalanine] by x-ray diffraction, The polypeptide chain reversal is nucleated by the centrally positioned (D)Pro-Gly segment, which adopts a type-I' beta -turn conformation, Four intramolecular cross-strand hydrogen bonds stabilize the peptide fold. The beta Phe(3) and beta Phe(8) residues occupy facing positions on the hairpin, with the side chains projecting on opposite faces of the beta -sheet. At the site of insertion of beta -residues, the polarity of the peptide units along each strand reverses, as compared with the alpha -peptide segments. In this analog, a small segment of a polar sheet is observed, where adjacent CO and NH groups line up in opposite directions in each strand. In the crystal, an extended beta -sheet is formed by hydrogen bonding between strands of antiparallel pairs of beta -hairpins, The crystallographic parameters for C65H102N10O13. 3H(2)O are: space group P2(1)2(1)2(1); a = 19.059(8) Angstrom, b = 19.470(2) Angstrom, c = 21.077(2) Angstrom; z = 4; agreement factor R-1 = 9.12% for 3,984 data observed >4 sigma (F) and a resolution of 0.90 A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902, R01 GM030902, R37 GM030902] NR 28 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 27 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 7 BP 3716 EP 3719 DI 10.1073/pnas.071050198 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 417KG UT WOS:000167833700021 PM 11259666 ER PT J AU Harshavardhan, KS Christen, HM Silliman, SD Talanov, VV Anlage, SM Rajeswari, M Claassen, J AF Harshavardhan, KS Christen, HM Silliman, SD Talanov, VV Anlage, SM Rajeswari, M Claassen, J TI Low-loss YBa2Cu3O7 films on flexible, polycrystalline-yttria-stabilized zirconia tapes for cryoelectronic applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BUFFER LAYERS AB High-temperature superconducting films on flexible, low-thermal conductivity, low-loss substrates offer a unique base for the development of cryoelectronic digital interconnects. Using an ion-beam-assisted pulsed-laser-deposition technique, we developed biaxially textured YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films on flexible polycrystalline-yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates with the following materials properties: (i) in-plane x-ray Phi -scan full width at half maximum of similar to7 degrees; (ii) transition temperatures (T-c) in the range of 88-89 K with transition widths (DeltaT(c)) of similar to0.5 K; (iii) critical current densities (J(c)) in the range 1.5-2x10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K, zero field; (iv) magnetic penetration depth (lambda) of 284 nm at 77 K; and (v) surface resistance (R-s) of 700 mu Omega at 77 K, 10 GHz. The low-microwave loss, biaxilly textured YBCO films combined with the low-thermal conductivity YSZ substrate could facilitate a variety of RF cryoelectronic applications. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Neocera Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Supercond Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Harshavardhan, KS (reprint author), Neocera Inc, 10000 Virginia Manor Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 13 BP 1888 EP 1890 DI 10.1063/1.1358845 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 415VJ UT WOS:000167744000029 ER PT J AU Harada, Y Tanabe, E Watanabe, R Weiss, BD Matsumoto, A Ariga, H Koiwai, O Fukui, Y Kubo, M June, CH Abe, R AF Harada, Y Tanabe, E Watanabe, R Weiss, BD Matsumoto, A Ariga, H Koiwai, O Fukui, Y Kubo, M June, CH Abe, R TI Novel role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in CD28-mediated costimulation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL COSTIMULATION; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; CO-STIMULATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CD28 COSTIMULATION; IN-VIVO; KINASE; ASSOCIATION; CTLA-4; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Ligation of the CD28 surface receptor provides a major costimulatory signal for full scale T cell activation. Despite extensive studies, the intracellular signaling pathways delivered by CD28 ligation are not fully understood. A particularly controversial matter is the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in CD28-mediated costimulation. It is known that the binding site for PI3K and Grb-2 lies nested within the YMNM motif of the CD28 cytoplasmic domain. To elucidate the role of PI3K during CD28-mediated interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, CD28 YMNM point and deletion mutants were expressed in Jurkat cells. We then measured IL-2 promoter activation after CD28 ligation. Our results showed that the Y189F mutant, which disrupts binding by PI3K, and the YMNM deletion mutant both demonstrated reduced but significant activity for IL-2 promoter activation. In contrast, the N191A mutant, which retains PI3K binding ability, resulted in a complete abrogation of activity, suggesting that PI3K mediates a negative effect upon transcriptional activation of the IL-2 gene. Consistent with this idea, we found that the addition of a PI3K pharmacological inhibitor augmented IL-2 promoter activity, whereas coexpression of a constitutively active form of PI3K reduced this activity. Taken together, these data indicate that PI3K, when associated with the YMNM motif, may act as a negative mediator in CD28-mediated IL-2 gene transcription. C1 Sci Univ Tokyo, Res Inst Biol Sci, Chiba 2780022, Japan. Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Chiba 2780022, Japan. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600812, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr & Life Sci, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Univ Penn, Abramson Family Canc Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Abe, R (reprint author), Sci Univ Tokyo, Res Inst Biol Sci, 2669 Yamazaki, Chiba 2780022, Japan. RI Fukui, Yasuhisa/E-8806-2010; Ariga, Hiroyoshi/B-5895-2013 OI Ariga, Hiroyoshi/0000-0001-7384-2143 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 12 BP 9003 EP 9008 DI 10.1074/jbc.M005051200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 413HV UT WOS:000167607700053 PM 11113113 ER PT J AU Romero, MJ Walters, RJ Araujo, D Messenger, SR Summers, GP Hoffman, RW Garcia, R AF Romero, MJ Walters, RJ Araujo, D Messenger, SR Summers, GP Hoffman, RW Garcia, R TI Proton-induced damage in p(+)-n InP solar cells: the role of electron capture at high fluences SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Bi-Annual Meeting of the International Workshop on Expert Evaluation and Control of Compound Semiconductor Materials and Technologies (EXMATEC 2000) CY MAY 21-24, 2000 CL HERALKION, GREECE SP Fdn Res & Technol, Hellas FORTH, Minist Dev, Gen Secretariat Res & Technol, Rutgers Univ, Univ Crete DE proton in irradiation; solar cells; electron beam induced current ID RADIATION AB Through the technique of electron beam induced current (EBIC). the effects of proton irradiation on InP solar cells of p(+) -n polarity have been investigated. InP cells of the opposite polarity (n(+) -p) have been shown to collapse under heavy proton irradiation. due to carrier removal that first depletes and eventually type converts the base legion. In contrast, we show that for cells of p(+)-n polarity, electron capture plays the dominant role in the cell radiation response at high damage levels. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencia Mat IM & QI, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. Essential Res Inc, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencia Mat IM & QI, Aptdo 40, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. OI Garcia Roja, Rafael/0000-0003-2867-7016 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAR 22 PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 294 EP 298 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(00)00644-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 424YD UT WOS:000168260800066 ER PT J AU Carucci, DJ AF Carucci, DJ TI Genomic tools for gene and protein discovery in malaria: toward new vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Vaccines and Immunisation CY AUG 29-SEP 03, 2000 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM DE immunity; malaria; vaccination ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTECTION AB Advances in malaria vaccine and drug development have been hindered in part by the complex multistage life cycle of the parasite, much of which is inaccessible to study, and by a large genome encoding over 5000 genes. Two human models of immunity to malaria, however, suggest that the development of an effective vaccine is within reach. We have outlined a strategy to identify the expression of hundreds to thousands of potential vaccine targets employing recently developed technologies for gene and protein expression. Combined with the exciting developments of malaria DNA vaccine technologies, these approaches form the basis for malaria subunit vaccines that may mimic the protective efficacy of our human model systems and provide the foundation for novel approaches to vaccine development for a range of pathogens. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Carucci, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 21 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 17-19 SI SI BP 2315 EP 2318 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00551-X PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 412DH UT WOS:000167538400024 PM 11257354 ER PT J AU Tyo, JS Turner, TS AF Tyo, JS Turner, TS TI Variable-retardance, Fourier-transform imaging spectropolarimeters for visible spectrum remote sensing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING MEDIA; TARGET DETECTION; SPECTROMETER; IMAGER AB An imaging, variable-retardance, Fourier-transform spectropolarimeter is presented that is capable of creating spectropolarimetric images of scenes with independent characterization of spatial, spectral, and polarimetric information. The device has a spectral resolution of similar to 225 cm(-1), making it truly hyperspectral in nature. Images of canonical targets such as spheres and cylinders obtained in a laboratory setup are presented. The results demonstrate the capability of developing systems to collect spectropolarimetric data of field images by use of the concept of pushbroom scanning and serial collection of polarimetric information. Further development of a parallelized collection strategy would allow the collection of near-real-time images of real-world targets. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM tyo@ieee.org NR 16 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1450 EP 1458 DI 10.1364/AO.40.001450 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 413RX UT WOS:000167626700022 PM 18357136 ER PT J AU Yang, P Gao, BC Baum, BA Hu, YX Wiscombe, WJ Mishchenko, MI Winker, DM Nasiri, SL AF Yang, P Gao, BC Baum, BA Hu, YX Wiscombe, WJ Mishchenko, MI Winker, DM Nasiri, SL TI Asymptotic solutions for optical properties of large particles with strong absorption SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL ICE CRYSTALS; DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN; SOLAR RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SINGLE-SCATTERING; PARAMETERIZATION; COMPUTATION; MODELS; APPROXIMATION AB The transverse wave condition is not applicable to the refracted electromagnetic wave within the context of geometrical optics when absorption is involved. Either the TM or the TE wave condition can be assumed for the wave to locally satisfy the electromagnetic boundary condition in a ray-tracing calculation. The assumed wave mode affects both the reflection and the refraction coefficients. As a result, nonunique solutions for these coefficients are inevitable. In this study the appropriate solutions for the Fresnel reflection-refraction coefficients are identified in light-scattering calculations based on the ray-tracing technique. In particular, a 3 x 2 refraction or transmission matrix is derived to account for the inhomogeneity of the refracted wave in an absorbing medium. An asymptotic solution that completely includes the effect of medium absorption on Fresnel coefficients is obtained for the scattering properties of a general polyhedral particle. Numerical results are presented for hexagonal plates and columns with both preferred and random orientations. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pyang@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Nasiri, Shaima/C-8044-2011; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1532 EP 1547 DI 10.1364/AO.40.001532 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 413RX UT WOS:000167626700032 PM 18357146 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, S Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW Goss, WM Fomalont, EB Benson, JM AF Chatterjee, S Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW Goss, WM Fomalont, EB Benson, JM TI Parallax and kinematics of PSR B0919+06 from VLBA astrometry and interstellar scintillometry SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; ISM : general; pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR B0919+06) ID REFERENCE-FRAME; LOCAL BUBBLE; PULSARS; VELOCITIES; SCINTILLATION; PRECISION AB Results are presented from a long-term astrometry program on PSR B0919+06 using the NRAO Very Long Baseline Array. With 10 observations (seven epochs) between 1994 and 2000, we measure a proper motion mu (alpha) = 18.35 +/- 0.06 mas yr(-1), mu (delta) = 86.56 +/- 0.12 mas yr(-1) and a parallax pi = 0.83 +/- 0.13 mas (68% confidence intervals). This yields a pulsar distance of 1.21 +/- 0.19 kpc, making PSR B0919+06 the farthest pulsar for which a trigonometric parallax has been obtained, and the implied pulsar transverse speed is 505 +/- 80 km s(-1). Combining the distance estimate with interstellar scintillation data spanning 20 yr, we infer the existence of a patchy or clumpy scattering screen along the line of sight in addition to the distributed electron density predicted by models for the Galaxy and constrain the location of this scattering region to within similar to 250 pc of the Sun. Comparison with the lines of sight toward other pulsars in the same quadrant of the Galaxy permits refinement of our knowledge of the local interstellar medium in this direction. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Chatterjee, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 550 IS 1 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1086/319735 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 417YN UT WOS:000167863200026 ER PT J AU Baski, AA Erwin, SC Turner, MS Jones, KM Dickinson, JW Carlisle, JA AF Baski, AA Erwin, SC Turner, MS Jones, KM Dickinson, JW Carlisle, JA TI Morphology and electronic structure of the Ca/Si(111) system SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkaline earth metals; silicon; reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED); scanning tunneling microscopy; synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy; density functional calculations; electron density, excitation spectra calculations; surface relaxation and reconstruction ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(111) SURFACE; DENSITY; RECONSTRUCTIONS; TRANSITION; ADSORPTION; METALS; SINGLE; PHASE; SI AB The Ca/Si(111) system has been studied using reflection high-energy electron diffraction,, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), synchrotron radiation photoemission, and first-principles total-energy calculations, This system forms a series of odd-order n x 1 (n = 3, 5, 7,...) reconstructions that culminate with a 2 x 1 phase at 0.5 ML. Our results indicate that the honeycomb-chain-channel (HCC) model accounts well for the observed data from the 3 x 1 surface. We propose a model for the 2 x 1 phase based upon pi -bonded Seiwatz Si chains, and explain the intermediate odd-order phases as appropriate combinations of the 2 x 1 Seiwatz chains and 3 x 1 HCC chains. Calculated surface energies based on this model correctly predict that for increasing Ca coverage, the 3 x 1, 5 x 1, and 2 x 1 phases will each appear as stable phases. Simulated STM images are in excellent agreement with experiment. The Ca 3 x 1 phase exhibits a suppression of emission at the Fermi level and a local 2a (a = 0.38 nm) corrugation along the rows in STM images, both of which are consistent with the formation of either a charge-density wave or a one-dimensional correlated insulator. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baski, AA (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, 1020 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Erwin, Steven/B-1850-2009; OI Baski, Alison/0000-0002-8985-8067 NR 24 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 20 PY 2001 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)01112-2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 412WH UT WOS:000167577000004 ER PT J AU Moldenhauer, ET AF Moldenhauer, ET TI Redesigning technician training to accommodate more students and enhance learning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Combined Forces Pharmacy Seminar CY MAR 30, 1999 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI AB Management Case Studies describe approaches to real-life management problems in health systems. Each installment is a brief description of a problem and how it was dealt with. The cases are intended to help readers deal with similar experiences in their own work sites. Problem solving not hypothesis testing, is emphasized. Successful resolution of the management issue is not a criterion for publication-important lessons can be learned from failures, too. C1 USN, Sch Hlth Sci, Pharm Technician Training Program, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Moldenhauer, ET (reprint author), USN, Med Serv Corps, Dept Pharm, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Ctr, Box 788250, Twentynine Palms, CA 92278 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 58 IS 6 BP 507 EP 508 PG 2 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 413RE UT WOS:000167625000012 PM 11286149 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Moore, EM Carrillo, R Goepfert, CJ AF Johnstone, PAS Moore, EM Carrillo, R Goepfert, CJ TI Yield of mammography in selected patients age <= 30 years SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Multi-Disciplinary Symposium on Breast Disease CY FEB 13-16, 2000 CL ROME, ITALY DE breast neoplasms; screening; mammography; young age ID BREAST-CARCINOMA; YOUNG-WOMEN; CANCER AB BACKGROUND. An outcomes analysis study was performed to quantify the benefit of directed diagnostic imaging of selected very young women (defined as less than or equal to 30 years of age) in our population. Summary results are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Women's Imaging Services were queried for studies performed between April 1, 1997 and December 31, 1998 on women less than or equal to 30 years of age. The authors' referral pathway mandates breast examination by a general surgeon or by the head of Women's Imaging before mammography in all such patients. Studies were excluded if there were reviews of scans performed at other sites. The resulting 142 mammograms were evaluated. RESULTS. Ninety percent of the 142 studies were within normal limits. Only 11 mammograms indicated any required action (7.8%), and only 5 of these merited biopsy. All biopsies revealed benign disease. No carcinomas were detected by biopsy or on clinical follow-up in this cohort of women. These values are congruent with the scarce literature on mammography in this population. CONCLUSIONS, The yield of mammography in the age less than or equal to 30 years population is low. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1078 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(20010315)91:6<1075::AID-CNCR1102>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 413BQ UT WOS:000167590400002 PM 11267951 ER PT J AU Pask, JE Klein, BM Sterne, PA Fong, CY AF Pask, JE Klein, BM Sterne, PA Fong, CY TI Finite-element methods in electronic-structure theory SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ab initio electronic-structure calculations; density functional theory; finite-element methods; periodic boundary conditions ID DIFFERENCE-PSEUDOPOTENTIAL METHOD; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; WAVELET BASES; SOLIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; FORMALISM AB We discuss the application of the finite-element (FE) method to ab initio solid-state: electronic-structure calculations. In this method, the basis functions are strictly local, piecewise polynomials. Because the basis is composed of polynomials, the method is completely general and its convergence can be controlled systematically. Because the basis functions are strictly local in real space, the method allows for variable resolution in real space; produces sparse, structured matrices, enabling the effective use of iterative solution methods; and is well suited to parallel implementation. The method thus combines the significant advantages of both real-space-grid and basis-oriented approaches and so promises to be particularly well suited for large, accurate ab initio calculations. We discuss the construction and properties of the required FE bases and develop in detail their use in the solution of the Schrodinger and Poisson equations subject to boundary conditions appropriate for a periodic solid. We present results for the Schrodinger equation illustrating the rapid, variational convergence of the method in electronic band-structure calculations. We present results for the Poisson equation illustrating the rapid convergence of the method, both pointwise and in the L-2 norm, and its linear scaling with system size in the context of a model charge-density and Si pseudo-charge-density. Finally, we discuss the application of the method to large-scale ab initio positron distribution and lifetime calculations in solids and present results for a host of systems within the range of a conventional LMTO based approach for comparison, as well as results for systems well beyond the range of the conventional approach. The largest such calculation, involving a unit cell of 4092 atoms, was shown to be well within the range of the FE approach on existing computational platforms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM pask@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 75 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 135 IS 1 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(00)00212-5 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 415VN UT WOS:000167744400001 ER PT J AU Butler, JT Dueck, GW Yanushkevich, SN Shmerko, VP AF Butler, JT Dueck, GW Yanushkevich, SN Shmerko, VP TI On the number of generators for transeunt triangles SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE symmetric functions; Reed-Muller expansion; transeunt triangle AB A transeunt triangle of size n consists of (n + 1) x (n + 1) x (n + 1) 0's and 1's whose values are determined by the sum modulo 2 of two other local values. Far a given II, two transeunt triangles of size n can be combined using the element-by-element modulo 2 sum to generate a third transeunt triangle. We show that, for large n, the 1/3 2(n+1) transeunt triangles of size n can be generated from a set of only n/3 generator transeunt triangles. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Fac Comp Sci, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Tech Univ Szczecin, Fac CS & IS, Dept CAD Syst, PL-71210 Szczecin, Poland. Univ Informat & Radioelect Minsk, Minsk, Byelarus. RP Butler, JT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code EC-Bu, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 108 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1016/S0166-218X(00)00240-7 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 395RF UT WOS:000166594500008 ER PT J AU Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC AF Bendler, JT Fontanella, JJ Shlesinger, MF Wintersgill, MC TI Effect of high pressure on the electrical conductivity of ion conducting polymers SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Polymer Electrolytes (ISPE-7) CY AUG 06-11, 2000 CL NOOSA, AUSTRALIA DE electrical conductivity; complex impedance; sodium electrolytes; high pressure; poly(propylene glycol); poly(ethylene glycol) mono-methyl-ether; NaCF3SO3 ID POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); RELAXATION; SALTS AB Complex impedance and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies have been carried out on poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) with an average molecular weight of 1025 and poly(ethylene glycol mono-methyl-ether) (PEG) with an average molecular weight of 350, both containing NaCF3SO3 in an approximately 20:1 ratio of polymer to salt. The impedance studies were carried out over a range of frequencies, temperatures and pressures. As expected, PEG:NaCF3SO3 exhibits the tendency to crystallize while PPG:NaCF3SO3 is a glass-forming liquid. The fit to the zero pressure data for PPC:NaCF3SO3 using a recently developed generalized Vogel equation (based on a defect diffusion model) is better than that for the standard VTF equation while for PEG:NaCF3SO3 the two expressions give about the same level of fit to the data. In the theory, the effect of pressure is due to a pressure dependent critical temperature, T-c, and a defect-defect separation that follows the dimensions of the material. It is found empirically that the pressure dependence of T-c is similar to the pressure dependence of the glass transition temperature, T-g, for structurally related polymers containing no salt. However, the details of the relationship between T-c and T-g remain to be determined. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Phys Sci, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Bendler, JT (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, 501 E St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 46 IS 10-11 BP 1615 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00761-1 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 418ZB UT WOS:000167924000031 ER PT J AU Edmondson, CA Fontanella, JJ Chung, SH Greenbaum, SG Wnek, GE AF Edmondson, CA Fontanella, JJ Chung, SH Greenbaum, SG Wnek, GE TI Complex impedance studies of S-SEBS block polymer proton-conducting membranes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Polymer Electrolytes (ISPE-7) CY AUG 06-11, 2000 CL NOOSA, AUSTRALIA DE electrical conductivity; polymer electrolytes; proton conducting membranes; activation volume; high pressure; sulfonated styrene; ethylene-butylene; styrene triblock polymer ID PRESSURE ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; WEIGHT NAFION MEMBRANES; WATER; TRANSPORT; RELAXATION; ACID; NMR AB Water uptake, swelling, H-1 pulsed gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and variable temperature and pressure complex impedance/electrical conductivity studies have been carried out on sulfonated styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene (S-SEBS) triblock polymer proton conducting membranes. At the highest water contents, the activation volume calculated from the effect of pressure on the electrical conductivity is negative. Previously reported results for Nafion 117 show the same behavior. In addition, above about 10 wt% water, the diffusion coefficients, D from NMR and D-sigma calculated from conductivity data, are similar for S-SEBS. The same result is obtained for Nafion 117. The conclusion is that proton transport at high water content is by molecular diffusion for both materials. For low water contents, however, the materials are significantly different. For low water content S-SEBS, D and D-sigma are different while they are the same for Nafion 117. In addition, the variation of the conductivity with temperature for S-SEBS is Arrhenius while that for Nafion 117 is not. Finally, the variation of the electrical conductivity with pressure gives rise to activation volumes on the order of 14 cm(3)/mol for S-SEBS while those for Nafion 117 are about four times larger. These results indicate that proton transport in low water content S-SEBS occurs via a thermally activated process (ion motion via energy barriers) that is consistent with the more rigid side chains in that material. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Edmondson, CA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 46 IS 10-11 BP 1623 EP 1628 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00762-3 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 418ZB UT WOS:000167924000032 ER PT J AU Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE AF Metzger, EJ Hurlburt, HE TI The importance of high horizontal resolution and accurate coastline geometry in modeling South China Sea inflow SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS AB As resolution is increased from 1/2 degrees to 1/32 degrees in Pacific Ocean simulations using the NRL Layered Ocean Model, marked changes are found in the Kuroshio's mean pathway as it intrudes into the South China Sea (SCS) via the Luzon Strait. With increased horizontal resolution comes a more accurate representation of the coastline geometry associated with the Batan/Babuyan Islands within the strait, and a reduction in the modeled westward intrusion of the Kuroshio into the SCS. The 1/16 degrees model is extremely sensitive to two very small scale shoals (Calayan Bank and a shoal north of Calayan Island) that are resolvable at this grid spacing. The exclusion of these three model gridpoints significantly alters the mean Kuroshio pathway to resemble the pathway from the 1/8 degrees model. In addition, excluding all islands within the Luzon Strait in the 1/16 degrees model gives a deep intrusion mean pathway as found in the 1/2 degrees model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Metzger, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7323, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1062 DI 10.1029/2000GL012396 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 411JD UT WOS:000167494200028 ER PT J AU Elliott, WR Zwick, H Biggerstaff, S Lund, D Stuck, BE Ness, J Reddix, M AF Elliott, WR Zwick, H Biggerstaff, S Lund, D Stuck, BE Ness, J Reddix, M TI Online measurement of the effects of foveal Q-switched laser exposure on visual function and oculomotor behavior in alert, task oriented rhesus monkeys. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USA, Med Res Det, WRAIR, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 SU S MA 3699 BP S687 EP S687 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 427EP UT WOS:000168392103662 ER PT J AU Kaupp, SE Malady, SE Spegelmire, JR Laurent, JM Schallhorn, SC AF Kaupp, SE Malady, SE Spegelmire, JR Laurent, JM Schallhorn, SC TI A night driving simulation to test contrast sensitivity in refractive surgery. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 SU S MA 3262 BP S607 EP S607 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 427EP UT WOS:000168392103226 ER PT J AU Laurent, JM Spigelmire, JR Schallhorn, SC Tanzer, DJ Tidwell, JL Brown, MC Kaupp, SE AF Laurent, JM Spigelmire, JR Schallhorn, SC Tanzer, DJ Tidwell, JL Brown, MC Kaupp, SE TI Susceptibility to injury of the LASIK corneal flap in rabbit. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Refractory Surg Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 SU S MA 3231 BP S601 EP S601 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 427EP UT WOS:000168392103195 ER PT J AU Zwick, H Elliott, WR Stuck, BE AF Zwick, H Elliott, WR Stuck, BE TI In vivo photoreceptor survival for rapid vs slow laser induced thermal damage. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Det, WRAIR, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Hlth Res Command Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 SU S MA 2314 BP S430 EP S430 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 427EP UT WOS:000168392102284 ER PT J AU Berhane, Y Manasreh, MO Weaver, BD AF Berhane, Y Manasreh, MO Weaver, BD TI He+-ion irradiation effect on intersubband transitions in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON IRRADIATION; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; SUPERLATTICE BARRIERS; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; GAAS; DEFECTS; DIODES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DISORDER; LASERS AB Intersubband transitions in 3 MeV He+-ion irradiated GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum wells were studied using an optical absorption technique. The intersubband transitions were completely depleted in samples irradiated with doses as low as 1x10(14) cm(-2). Thermal annealing recovery of intersubband transitions was observed in samples irradiated with lower doses. On the other hand, intersubband transitions in heavily irradiated (doses > 3x10(14) cm(-2)) samples do not show thermal annealing recovery, which indicates that irradiation-induced defects are so severe that thermal annealing does not repair the damage. The total integrated areas of the intersubband transitions in irradiated samples and in a control sample were monitored as a function of annealing temperature. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Berhane, Y (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 6 BP 3517 EP 3519 DI 10.1063/1.1346997 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 406ZZ UT WOS:000167248100071 ER PT J AU Zhang, YX Hunke, EC AF Zhang, YX Hunke, EC TI Recent Arctic change simulated with a coupled ice-ocean model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CANADIAN BASIN; SEA-ICE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FRAM STRAIT; HEAT-FLUX; CIRCULATION; WATER; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE AB A high-resolution coupled ice-ocean model, forced with 1983-1997 European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, is used to explore recent Arctic change. In response to changes in atmospheric circulation, stronger cyclonic circulation is present in Arctic sea ice and upper ocean in the late 1980s and early 1990s as compared to the early 1980s, manifested as the weakening of the Beaufort Gyre and the shifting of the Transpolar Drift Stream. Corroborating previous studies, ice divergence in the central Arctic Ocean is highly correlated with surface atmospheric vorticity in summer, suggesting that summer atmospheric circulation is more important than winter for inducing interannual variability of the central Arctic ice divergence and growth rate. The weakening of the summer atmospheric cyclonic circulation from the earlier period to the later period over the Canadian Basin leads to decreased ice divergence there, which then has significant impact on the ice growth rate by reducing ice formation in fall and winter. For the 15 year period, variability in the spatial distribution of ice concentration and thickness is largely determined by the ice dynamics, which is dominated by the atmospheric circulation, except over the Greenland and Labrador Seas, where the ice thermodynamics plays a more important role. The model simulation supports the recent observations of increased presence of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean. The spatial pattern of warming and salinization of the Arctic Atlantic layer follows the pathways of the strengthened boundary currents along the continental slopes and over the ridges, thereby slowly spreading more Atlantic Water downstream from the eastern Arctic into the western Arctic. The integrations with and without surface temperature restoring indicate that the restoring leads to a warmer ocean surface temperature. However, the restoring has little impact on its interannual variability for the 15 year period. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, YX (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM zhangy@ucar.edu; eclare@lanl.gov NR 49 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C3 BP 4369 EP 4390 DI 10.1029/2000JC900159 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 409WX UT WOS:000167409600002 ER PT J AU Murray, CP Morey, SL O'Brien, JJ AF Murray, CP Morey, SL O'Brien, JJ TI Interannual variability of upper ocean vorticity balances in the Gulf of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-LEVEL; EL-NINO; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; DYNAMICS; MODEL; ANOMALIES; SIMULATION; ALTIMETER; AMERICA AB A high-resolution numerical ocean model is used to examine the interannual variability of the upper ocean vorticity budget in the Gulf of Alaska. A circulation equation is derived for a layer representative of the upper ocean. The equation is a balance of the area integral of vorticity over the domain with the time- and area-integrated vorticity flux through the layer top, bottom, and lateral boundaries and dissipation. Time series of each component of the equation are constructed and examined for interannual variability. Other native and derived model variables are analyzed to facilitate explanation of observed interannual variability. The model data show that interannual fluctuations in the time rate of change of the circulation in the Gulf of Alaska are small compared to the rate at which the dominant sources and sinks feed and drain vorticity from the domain. Variability on interannual timescales is predominantly due to atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections originating with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Direct forcing of the wind on the ocean is the strongest driving mechanism for interannual variability of the gyre circulation. However, large fluctuations in the wind forcing are partially balanced by other processes. El Nino events excite downwelling coastal Kelvin waves that propagate northward along the eastern continental margin of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Arrival of the Kelvin waves at the peak of the annual cycle of the Alaskan Current triggers baroclinic instabilities that result in the formation of a coast-wide train of large anticyclonic eddies. The more southerly of these eddies tend to propagate to the southwest, advecting negative vorticity out of the Gulf of Alaska. This net gain of vorticity partially balances the contemporaneous reduction of vorticity input to the region by the wind stress curl. Excess vorticity is advected out of the region in the Alaskan Stream to maintain the circulation over longer timescales. C1 USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Murray, CP (reprint author), USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. OI Morey, Steven/0000-0002-6585-1688 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C3 BP 4479 EP 4491 DI 10.1029/1999JC000071 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 409WX UT WOS:000167409600010 ER PT J AU Holland, KT Puleo, JA AF Holland, KT Puleo, JA TI Variable swash motions associated with foreshore profile change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RUN-UP; SLOPING BEACH; NATURAL BEACH; WAVE UPRUSH; PREDICTIONS; MODEL; SETUP; SURF; BORE; FACE AB Variations in swash motions over a temporally changing foreshore surface are examined over the first tidal cycle following the onset of a storm using high-resolution video observations obtained at Duck, North Carolina. A dramatic example of profile adjustment was observed where nearly 1 m of vertical change occurred over a 4 hour time period. Swash edge excursion measurements during this study compare favorably with predictions from standard equations describing ballistic motions of an object on a plane slope under quadratic friction and showed no strong asymmetries between uprush and backwash that might explain the profile adjustment. Instead, these unique observations showed a tendency toward a predictable equilibrium between swash motions and profile response where the stability condition relates foreshore slope to incident wave period and initial uprush velocity using the ballistic equations. Under these conditions the foreshore adjusts to minimize the difference between swash duration and incident wave period. On the basis of this finding a simple morphodynamic model for changes in foreshore slope as a function of swash and surf conditions is presented and allows prediction of the transition from an erosive to stable condition. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Holland, KT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440-3, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM tholland@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Holland, K. Todd/A-7673-2011 OI Holland, K. Todd/0000-0002-4601-6097 NR 37 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C3 BP 4613 EP 4623 DI 10.1029/1999JC000172 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 409WX UT WOS:000167409600019 ER PT J AU Harada, Y Tokushima, M Matsumoto, Y Ogawa, S Otsuka, M Hayashi, K Weiss, ED June, CH Abe, R AF Harada, Y Tokushima, M Matsumoto, Y Ogawa, S Otsuka, M Hayashi, K Weiss, ED June, CH Abe, R TI Critical requirement for the membrane-proximal cytosolic tyrosine residue for CD28-mediated costimulation in vivo SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; B-CELLS; CD28; ANTIGEN; RECEPTOR; PHOSPHORYLATION; ASSOCIATION AB The YMNM motif that exists in the CD28 cytoplasmic domain is known as a binding site for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Grb-2 and is considered to be important for CD28-mediated costimulation, To address the role of the YMNM motif in CD28 cosignaling in primary T cells, we generated transgenic mice on a CD28 null background that express a CD28 mutant lacking binding ability to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Grb-2, After anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Ab stimulation in vitro, the initial proliferative response and IL-2 secretion in CD28 Y189F transgenic T cells were severely compromised, while later responses were intact. In contrast to anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Ab stimulation, PMA and anti-CD28 Ab stimulation failed to induce IL-2 production from CD28 Y189F transgenic T cells at any time point. Using the graft-vs-host reaction system, we assessed the role of the YMNM motif for CD28-mediated costimulation in vivo and found that CD28 Y189F transgenic spleen cells failed to engraft and could not induce acute graft-vs-host reaction. Together, these results suggest that the membrane-proximal tyrosine of CD28 is required for costimulation in vivo. Furthermore, these results indicate that the results from in vitro assays of CD28-mediated costimulation may not always correlate with T cell activation in vivo. C1 Sci Univ Tokyo, Res Inst Biol Sci, Noda, Chiba 2780022, Japan. Saga Med Sch, Saga, Japan. Univ Penn, Abramson Family Canc Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Abe, R (reprint author), Sci Univ Tokyo, Res Inst Biol Sci, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2780022, Japan. NR 37 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 166 IS 6 BP 3797 EP 3803 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 410JW UT WOS:000167437700025 PM 11238622 ER PT J AU Thomas, JB Herault, XM Rothman, RB Atkinson, RN Burgess, JP Mascarella, SW Dersch, CM Xu, H Flippen-Anderson, JL George, CF Carroll, FI AF Thomas, JB Herault, XM Rothman, RB Atkinson, RN Burgess, JP Mascarella, SW Dersch, CM Xu, H Flippen-Anderson, JL George, CF Carroll, FI TI Factors influencing agonist potency and selectivity for the opioid delta receptor are revealed in structure-activity relationship studies of the 4-[(N-substituted-4-piperidinyl) arylamino]-N,N-diethylbenzamides SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MESSAGE-ADDRESS CONCEPT; MEDIATED PHENOMENA; HIGH-AFFINITY; ANTAGONISTS; ANALOGS; BINDING; SNC-80; PROBES; DESIGN; BW373U86 AB A study of the effect of transposition of the internal nitrogen atom for the adjacent benzylic carbon atom in delta -selective agonists such as BW373U86 (1) and SNC-80 (2) has been undertaken. It was shown that high-affinity, fully efficacious, and delta opioid receptor-selective compounds can be obtained from this transposition. In addition to the N,N-diethylamido group needed as the delta address, the structural features identified to promote delta receptor affinity in the set of compounds studied included a cis relative stereochemistry between the 3- and 4-substituents in the piperidine ring, a trans-crotyl or allyl substituent on the basic nitrogen, the lack of a 2-methyl group in the piperidine ring, and either no substitution or hydroxyl substitution in the aryl ring not substituted with the N,N-diethylamido group. Structural features found to be important for mu affinity include hydroxyl substitution in the aryl ring, the presence of a 2-methyl group in a cis relative relationship to the 4-amino group as well as N-substituents such as cyclopropylmethyl. It was also determined that mu receptor affinity could be increased while maintaining delta receptor affinity, especially when hydroxyl-substituted compounds are considered. Additionally, it was discovered that the somewhat lower mu/delta selectivities observed for the piperidine compounds relative to the piperazine-based ligands appear to arise as a consequence of the carbon-nitrogen transposition which imparts an overall lower delta and higher mu affinity to the piperidine-based ligands. This higher affinity for the mu receptor, apparently intrinsic to the piperidine-based compounds, suggests that ligands of this class will more easily be converted to mu/delta combination agonists compared to the piperazine ligands such as 1. This is particularly important since analogues of 1, which show both mu- and delta -type activity, are now recognized as important for their strong analgesia and cross-canceling of many of the side effects found in agonists operating exclusively from either the delta or mu opioid receptor. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIDA, Clin Psychopharmacol Sect, Addict Res Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Carroll, FI (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194,3040 Cornwallis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA09045] NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 6 BP 972 EP 987 DI 10.1021/jm000427g PG 16 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 413ZK UT WOS:000167641300014 PM 11300879 ER PT J AU Madsen, AJ Plant, NG AF Madsen, AJ Plant, NG TI Intertidal beach slope predictions compared to field data SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE video images; equilibrium; hindcast; forecast ID SAND-BAR MORPHOLOGY; SURF ZONES; VARIABILITY; SWASH; MODEL; DUCK AB This paper presents a test of a very simple model for predicting beach slope changes. The model assumes that these changes are a function of both the incident wave conditions and the beach slope itself. Following other studies. we hypothesized that the beach slope evolves towards an equilibrium value that depends nonlinearly on wave steepness (H/L). The rate of beach slope response is assumed to depend on both the degree of slope disequilibrium and on the incident wave energy. The model was tested against daily beach slope observations derived from digital images of the nearshore zone. Approximately, 10(4) images were analyzed over eight, mostly consecutive, month-long periods along a 2 km length of beach. The slope change model was calibrated by fitting it to the daily differences in the alongshore-averaged slopes, which were obtained from a. 500 m (alongshore) subset of the observations. An equilibrium slope prediction proportional to the wave steepness (H/L) raised to the -1st to -2nd power performed best compared to several alternative models. The response rate of beach slope changes depended on the wave height, raised to the 3rd or 4th power. A characteristic response time for the system was found to be 1-2 days. The calibrated (i.e. hindcast) model explained 30-40% of the observed slope change variance, indicating that the model was consistent with the data. However, when the model was used to predict the evolution of the beach slept: time series (i.e. to forecast), the prediction error variance was equal to or only slightly lower than the observed temporal variability in the slopes. The present model is sufficiently accurate to characterize beach slope dynamics, but its predictive capability would not outperform a model that predicts a constant, mean slope. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Twente, Fac Technol & Management, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7440-3 Bldg 2438, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 173 IS 1-4 BP 121 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00168-7 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 414ZH UT WOS:000167695700008 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Bewley, WW Stokes, DW Bartolo, RE Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Felix, CL Bewley, WW Stokes, DW Bartolo, RE Meyer, JR TI Mid-infrared 'W' lasers SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting on Semiconductor Light Sources for Mid-Infrared Applications CY JUL 19-20, 2000 CL LONDON, ENGLAND DE mid-IR lasers; semiconductor lasers; type-II antimonide materials; 'W' active regions; vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; alpha-DFB lasers ID WELL DIODE-LASERS; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; PUMPING INJECTION CAVITY; BOND HEAT SINKING; QUANTUM-WELL; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; AUGER LIFETIME AB We review recent progress in the development of mid-infrared (mid-IR) quantum-well Iasers with type-II antimonide 'W' active regions. Optically pumped W lasers achieved continuous-wave (CW) operation nearly to room temperature, and CW output powers exceeding 0.5 W per facet at 77 K. Improvements in the differential quantum efficiency were obtained by increasing the effective number of passes of the pump beam through the active region in the optical pumping injection cavity configuration. Near-diffraction-limited beam quality was achieved in the mid-IR using the angled-grating distributed feedback (alpha -distributed feedback (DFB)) approach with a W active region. Single-longitudinal-mode operation was demonstrated by vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers emitting at lambda = 2.9-3.0 mum Broadened-waveguide W diode lasers recently operated at room temperature in pulsed mode and up to 195 K CW. A slope efficiency exceeding unity was achieved using the interband cascade laser approach with a W active region. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 359 IS 1780 BP 489 EP 503 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 412LR UT WOS:000167556900005 ER PT J AU Meyer, JR Flatte, ME O'Reilly, E Phillips, C AF Meyer, JR Flatte, ME O'Reilly, E Phillips, C TI Theoretical comparison of mid-wavelength infrared and long-wavelength infrared lasers - Discussion SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Expt Solid State Grp, London, England. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 359 IS 1780 BP 544 EP 545 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 412LR UT WOS:000167556900011 ER PT J AU Meyer, JR Tacke, M Adams, AR AF Meyer, JR Tacke, M Adams, AR TI Lead-salt lasers - Discussion SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 359 IS 1780 BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 412LR UT WOS:000167556900013 ER PT J AU Meyer, JR Waynant, RW Sirtori, C AF Meyer, JR Waynant, RW Sirtori, C TI Mid-infrared laser applications in medicine and biology - Discussion SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Thomson CSF, F-91401 Orsay, France. RP Meyer, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 359 IS 1780 BP 644 EP 644 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 412LR UT WOS:000167556900023 ER PT J AU Bayerl, MW Brandt, MS Ambacher, O Stutzmann, M Glaser, ER Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Suski, T Grzegory, I Porowski, S AF Bayerl, MW Brandt, MS Ambacher, O Stutzmann, M Glaser, ER Henry, RL Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Suski, T Grzegory, I Porowski, S TI Optically detected magnetic resonance of the red and near-infrared luminescence in Mg-doped GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; P-TYPE GAN; ELECTRON-IRRADIATED GAN; DEEP-LEVEL DEFECTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BANDS; N-TYPE; FILMS; COMPENSATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; IMPURITIES AB We report photoluminescence (PL) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements on magnesium-doped GaN samples grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and high-pressure-high-temperature synthesis. The samples exhibit at least three luminescence bands in the red-to-infrared spectral range with maxima at approximate to1.75, approximate to1.55, and below 1.4 eV. ODMR on these emission bands reveals two deep defects with isotropic g values of 2.001 and 2.006 and linewidths of 4-5 and 18-32 mT, respectively. Spectrally resolved ODMR experiments suggest that a donor-to-deep defect recombination is responsible for the transitions at 1.75 eV, while an acceptor-to-deep defect transition causes the PL bands with lower energy. The deep centers involved are attributed to defects with energy levels in the lower part of the band gap but close to the midgap region. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Polish Acad Sci, High Pressure Res Ctr, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. RP Brandt, MS (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM martin.brandt@physik.tu-muenchen.de RI Stutzmann, Martin/B-1480-2012; Brandt, Martin/C-5151-2017 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 12 AR 125203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.125203 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 416XW UT WOS:000167806600058 ER PT J AU Paulo, EP Malone, LC AF Paulo, EP Malone, LC TI Increasing efficiency in the simulation of a dynamic system of objects in 3-D space SO SIMULATION PRACTICE AND THEORY LA English DT Article DE sectoring; discrete event simulation; simulation efficiency; autonomous object movement AB This article examines sectoring as a methodology of improving the efficiency of discrete event simulation of autonomous object movement in 3-D space. Efficiency is defined as the ability to reduce the amount of painwise comparisons needed to completely execute the intended system. Sectoring involves partitioning the simulation trajectory space and allows for a reduction of the number of queries required between objects in order to determine upcoming events. However, the crossing of sector boundaries becomes an additional event to track and compute. A simulation of moving objects in 3-D space was constructed using MODSIM (TM). This simulation was verified and used to gather significant output data. The results indicated that, within the specific experimental range, sectoring provides up to 52% improvement in simulation efficiency when compared to no sectoring, Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Paulo, EP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4869 J9 SIMULAT PRACT THEORY JI Simul. Pract. Theory PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6-7 BP 473 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0928-4869(01)00029-5 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 427WJ UT WOS:000168428200007 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Woo, HY Lee, KS Kim, JK Kim, DY Shim, HK Kim, CY AF Kim, OK Woo, HY Lee, KS Kim, JK Kim, DY Shim, HK Kim, CY TI Photo/electroluminescent properties of novel bipolar oligomers SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2000) CY JUL 15-21, 2000 CL GASTEIN, AUSTRIA DE photoluminescence; electroluminescence and organic semiconductors ID POLYMERS; HOLE AB Bipolar light-emitting (LE) oligomers consisting of three sequential segments centered by dithienothiophene (DTT) as pi -center and attached by D/D or D/A pair: D-pi -D (dye 1) or D-pi -A (dye 2) where D and A refer to hole transporting (HT) and electron-transporting (ET) units, respectively. Their redox properties are alike, suggesting the resemblance in bipolarity. Photoluminescence (PL) shows that the symmetric D/D system has a higher PL quantum efficiency relative to the D/A system. Electroluminescence (EL) from a single-layer device using a PVK blend displays a slightly higher light intensity with D/A system while EL quantum efficiency of D/D system doubles that of D/A system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Polymer Chem, Taejon 306010, South Korea. Hannam Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Taejon 300791, South Korea. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Polymer Mat Lab, Seoul 30650, South Korea. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1607 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00662-7 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 434TD UT WOS:000168831200241 ER PT J AU Murata, H AF Murata, H TI Multi-layered polymer light-emitting devices prepared by vapor deposition polymerization SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2000) CY JUL 15-21, 2000 CL GASTEIN, AUSTRIA DE electroluminescence; photoluminescence; chemical vapor deposition; conjugated polymer AB We present multi-layered light emitting devices based on conjugated polymer, poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s (PODs), prepared via solvent-free process. To fabricate POD thin films, we adopted vapor deposition polymerization technique which involves co-deposition of two monomers and subsequent polycondensation reaction on substrate surface. High molecular weight POD films (Mn similar to 1000,000) are achieved by enhancing reactivity of the monomers. A bilayered device consisting a pair of POD layers which act as hole transporting/emitting and electron transporting layer generates blue-green electroluminescence peaked at 490nm. Devices consisting two layers of POD and small molecules are also fabricated and tested their device performance.. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Murata, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD MAR 15 PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1679 EP 1680 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)01030-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 434TD UT WOS:000168831200272 ER PT J AU Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; DIODE-LASERS; DFB LASER; AMPLIFIER; MODEL; CW AB The far-field emission characteristics and spectral purity of photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) lasers, in which the grating is defined on a two-dimensional lattice that is tilted with respect to the facets, are analyzed using a self-consistent time-domain simulation. It is shown that both conventional DFB and angled-grating DFB devices are special cases of the PCDFB laser, which combines and enhances the best features of each. The simulations project both high beam quality and high spectral purity out to pump stripes of width much greater than 100 mum. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1475 EP 1477 DI 10.1063/1.1355670 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 409BM UT WOS:000167364700005 ER PT J AU Kotlyar, R Das Sarma, S AF Kotlyar, R Das Sarma, S TI Disorder and interaction in 2D: Exact diagonalization study of the Anderson-Hubbard-Mott model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; PERSISTENT CURRENT; LOCALIZATION; DENSITY; SYSTEMS AB We investigate, by numerically calculating the charge stiffness, the effects of random diagonal disorder and electron-electron interaction on the nature of the ground state in the 2D Hubbard model through the finite-size exact diagonalization technique. By comparing with the corresponding 1D Hubbard model results and by using heuristic arguments we conclude that it is unlikety that there is a 2D metal-insulator quantum phase transition, although the effect of interaction in some range of parameters is to substantially enhance the noninteracting charge stiffness. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kotlyar, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 11 BP 2388 EP 2391 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.2388 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 410NC UT WOS:000167445200050 PM 11289936 ER PT J AU Mattox, JR Hallum, JC Marscher, AP Jorstad, SG Waltman, EB Terasranta, H Aller, HD Aller, MF AF Mattox, JR Hallum, JC Marscher, AP Jorstad, SG Waltman, EB Terasranta, H Aller, HD Aller, MF TI A gamma-ray flare of quasar CTA 26 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; quasars : general; quasars : individual (CTA 26); radio continuum : general; techniques : interferometric ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; DECLINATION ZONE; STELLAR OBJECTS; MHZ SURVEY; EGRET; IDENTIFICATION; JETS AB During the first 3 years of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory mission, the blazar CTA 26 was observed 10 times by EGRET and not significantly detected. We report an observation in 1995 when CTA 26 flared to a peak gamma -ray flux of (4.9 +/- 1.5) x 10(-6) cm(-2) s(-1) (E > 100 MeV), the third brightest of all EGRET blazars. Following the gamma -ray flare, extensive VLBA and single-dish radio observations were obtained. We find two components of a milliarcsecond jet moving with apparent transverse velocities of 12 +/- h(-1) c, and 5 +/- 2 h(-1) c (H-0 = 100 h km s(-1) Mpc(-1), q(0) = 0.1). The position angle of VLBI components appears to change with time. The slowest VLBI component's motion is consistent with ejection at the time of the 1995 gamma -ray flare. A weak radio flare is also seen in Metsahovi millimeter radio monitoring data, peaking within weeks of the gamma -ray flare. C1 Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Metsahovi Radio Observ, FIN-02540 Kylmala, Finland. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Mattox, JR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Jorstad, Svetlana/H-6913-2013 OI Jorstad, Svetlana/0000-0001-9522-5453 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2001 VL 549 IS 2 BP 906 EP 914 DI 10.1086/319435 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 413GX UT WOS:000167605200021 ER PT J AU Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW AF Cordes, JM Lazio, TJW TI Anomalous radio-wave scattering from interstellar plasma structures SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : structure; pulsars : general; scattering ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; ANISOTROPIC MAGNETOGASDYNAMIC TURBULENCE; GALACTIC-CENTER; CRAB PULSAR; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GIANT PULSES; SGR-A; PROPAGATION; EVENTS AB This paper considers scattering screens that have arbitrary spatial variations of scattering strength transverse to the line of sight, including screens that are spatially well confined, such as disks and filaments. We calculate the scattered image of a point source and the observed pulse shape of a scattered impulse. The consequences of screen confinement include (1) source image shapes that are determined by the physical extent of the screen rather than by the shapes of much smaller diffracting microirregularities (these include image elongations and orientations that are frequency dependent); (2) variation with frequency of angular broadening that is much weaker than the trademark nu (-2) scaling law (for a cold, unmagnetized plasma), including frequency-independent cases; and (3) similar departure of the pulse-broadening time from the usually expected nu (-4) scaling law. We briefly discuss applications that include scattering of pulses from the Crab pulsar by filaments in the Crab Nebula; image asymmetries from Galactic scattering of the sources Cyg X-3, Sgr A*, and NGC 6334B; and scattering of background active galactic nuclei by intervening galaxies. We also address the consequences for inferences about the shape of the wavenumber spectrum of electron density irregularities, which depend on scaling laws for the image size and the pulse broadening. Future low-frequency (<100 MHz) array observations will also be strongly affected by the Galactic structure of scattering material. Our formalism is derived in the context of radio scattering by plasma density fluctuations. It is also applicable to optical, UV, and X-ray scattering by grains in the interstellar medium. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NAIC, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cordes, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, 520 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 54 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2001 VL 549 IS 2 BP 997 EP 1010 DI 10.1086/319442 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 413GX UT WOS:000167605200027 ER PT J AU Cunningham, B Weinberg, M Pepper, J Clapp, C Bousquet, R Hugh, B Kant, R Daly, C Hauser, E AF Cunningham, B Weinberg, M Pepper, J Clapp, C Bousquet, R Hugh, B Kant, R Daly, C Hauser, E TI Design, fabrication and vapor characterization of a microfabricated flexural plate resonator sensor and application to integrated sensor arrays SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE gas sensors; flexural plate waves; MEMS resonators; sensor arrays ID WAVE; DEVICES AB A chemical vapor detection and biosensor array based on microfabricated silicon resonators coated with thin film polymer sorption layers is described. The resonators within the array are: micro-electromechanical (MEM) flexural plate wave (FPW) sensors that have been miniaturized to allow many independently addressable sensors to be integrated within a single silicon chip. The target analyte of an individual sensor within the chip is selected by placing a polymer coating onto the resonating membrane. Detection is performed by monitoring changes in the frequency and damping factor of the resonance as the coating interacts with the environment. This work documents vapor response characterization of an individual sensor element within an array and reports on the operation of an eight-element sensor array. Polymer coatings targeted toward detection of chemical weapon agents have been applied to the sensor and chemical vapor exposure tests using two chemical weapon simulants and four vapor phase interferents have been performed. Data describing temperature dependence, long-term/short-term drift stability, detection limits, detection linearity and vapor selectivity will be presented. The use of resonant damping information is shown to provide the ability to discriminate between vapor analytes that produce equal resonant frequency shifts. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Draper Lab, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RP Cunningham, B (reprint author), SRU Biosyst, 10A Roessler Rd, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD MAR 10 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 2-3 BP 112 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00664-X PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 410QF UT WOS:000167450100005 ER PT J AU Evans, L Collins, GE AF Evans, L Collins, GE TI Separation of uranium(VI) and transition metal ions with 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol by capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE metal chelates; buffer composition; uranium; transition metal; thiazolylazoresorcinol ID ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; SYSTEMS; CATIONS AB A capillary electrophoresis method utilizing 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (TAR) was developed to separate uranium, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, titanium and copper metal ions. TAR was chosen as the visible absorbing chelating ligand because of its ability to form stable complexes with a wide variety of metals. Several parameters that included pH, electrophoretic run buffer concentration, buffer type and the influence of chelating Ligand in the electrophoretic ran buffer were examined to determine the best separating conditions. Optimum separation of the six metal chelates was achieved in a 15 mM Na2B4O7-NaH2PO4, pH 8.3 buffer containing 0.1 mM TAR. Method validation included injection and method precision studies as well as detection limit and linear dynamic range determination. High-ppb to low-ppm (w/w ratio) detection limits were achieved with linear dynamic ranges between 0.1 and 75 ppm. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, GE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6116, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 9 PY 2001 VL 911 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)01254-1 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 402RR UT WOS:000167002400014 PM 11269590 ER PT J AU Calvo, MS Mackertich, SK Barton, CN Park, YK Armstrong, DW Schultz, RG AF Calvo, MS Mackertich, SK Barton, CN Park, YK Armstrong, DW Schultz, RG TI Nutrient intakes in US Naval Academy Midshipmen (Midn): Comparisons to dietary reference intakes (DRIs) and to national intakes in comparable age groups. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A982 EP A982 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454201546 ER PT J AU Puga, G Lanza, P Sedegah, M Hoffman, SL Billetta, R AF Puga, G Lanza, P Sedegah, M Hoffman, SL Billetta, R TI Isolating liver-stage specific genes from the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii by suppression subtractive hybridization SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Chile, ICBM, Santiago, Chile. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP A1188 EP A1188 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410TA UT WOS:000167454202735 ER PT J AU Owrutsky, JC Nelson, HH Baronavski, AP AF Owrutsky, JC Nelson, HH Baronavski, AP TI Methylsulfonyl radical unimolecular dissociation studied by deep-UV ultrafast photoionization spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL SULFIDE; METHOXYSULFINYL RADICALS; GAS-PHASE; AB-INITIO; PHOTODISSOCIATION; DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISM; OXIDATION; KINETICS; NO2 AB The secondary dissociation dynamics of the methylsulfonyl radical following the photodissociation near 193 nm of methylsulfonyl chloride and methylsulfonyl ethanol has been studied using femtosecond mass-resolved photoionization spectroscopy. The primary dissociation is instrument-limited (<200 fs) for both precursors. The methylsulfonyl unimolecular dissociation is measured to have a lifetime of 0.34 ps with complete secondary dissociation following methylsulfonyl chloride photolysis. For the case of methylsulfonyl ethanol, the measured lifetime is 1.1 ps and 40% of the radical remains undissociated for the 18 ps duration of the experiment. We have successfully modeled the experimental results assuming an impulsive dissociation process to yield the internal energy distributions in the primary photoproducts and RRKM calculations based on structures and energetics of the methylsulfonyl radical obtained from the literature. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1440 EP 1444 DI 10.1021/jp001985+ PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 407JN UT WOS:000167268600006 ER PT J AU Tompa, AS Bryant, WF AF Tompa, AS Bryant, WF TI Microcalorimetry and DSC study of the compatibility of energetic materials SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society Conference CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL SAVANNAH, GEORGIA SP N Amer Thermal Anal Soc DE microcalorimetry; cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine; cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine AB This study included accelerated aging of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) and CH-S (>97% RDX), coating of HTPB propellant with two sealants (A, B) and reaction kinetics between cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and organic salt (ammonium benzoate). Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) analyses at 55-75 degreesC and DSC analyses at decomposition temperatures (180-300 degreesC) were in agreement regarding compatibility. IMC heat Row measurements indicated that aging conditions did not affect HMX and CH-6. DSC rates of reaction at 200 degreesC were similar and thus indicated no reaction. DSC onset of reaction and IMC heat flow measurements showed that one sealant (A) had an interaction with the HTPB propellant while the other did not. When the sealants were combined their reaction with HTPB decreased as the amount of sealant B increased. Reruns of HTPB with sealants A and sealants A + B after 3 weeks at room temperature showed that there was still an additional reaction of similar to9%. IMC and DSC kinetic analyses were carried out on HTPB propellant + sealant A admixture. IMC gave a value of 5 kcal/mol for the reaction in the 55-75 degreesC region while DSC measured the decomposition reaction where the activation energy was lowered from 48 kcal/mol for the propellant to 43 kcal/mol for the admixture. DSC kinetic study of RDX + organic salt showed a shift of the RDX peak temperature from 217 degreesC (neat RDX) to 180 degreesC (admixture). The activation energy for decomposition of the admixture was 25 kcal/mol, Literature values for neat RDX is 47 kcal/mol. Thus DSC kinetic data indicated that the admixture was incompatible at elevated temperature. An IMC kinetic study at temperatures from 65 to 77 degreesC for this admixture gave a value of 33 kcal/mol. The reaction mechanism in the DSC and IMC experiments may be different since in the former case it involves a reaction between a gas (NH3) and a liquid (RDX) while in the latter case it involves a gas (NH3) and solid RDX which is a much slower reaction as also reflected in the higher activation energy. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Tompa, AS (reprint author), USN, Indian Head Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD MAR 8 PY 2001 VL 367 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00674-2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 414FU UT WOS:000167656100053 ER PT J AU Olsen, DC Davenport, PW Sapienza, CM Martin, AD Knaflec, M AF Olsen, DC Davenport, PW Sapienza, CM Martin, AD Knaflec, M TI Specific expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) in adult male deep water divers SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Dept Commun Sci & Disorders, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Dept Phys Therapy, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USN, NEDU, Panama City, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A423 EP A423 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438102416 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MC Askew, EW Prior, RL Roberts, DE Ensign, WY Hesslink, RE AF Schmidt, MC Askew, EW Prior, RL Roberts, DE Ensign, WY Hesslink, RE TI Correspondence between serum antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress indicators in blood, breath and urine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP A609 EP A609 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 410KA UT WOS:000167438103492 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zhou, SB Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zhou, SB Sun, FR Wu, C TI Performance of heat-transfer irreversible regenerated Brayton refrigerators SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENTROPY GENERATION MINIMIZATION; FINITE-TIME THERMODYNAMICS; COOLING LOAD; CYCLES; DESIGN; POWER; OPTIMIZATION; EXCHANGER; PLANTS AB The performance of an externally and internally irreversible regenerated Brayton refrigerator is analysed. Analytical relationships between cooling load and pressure ratio, as well as between coefficient of performance (COP) and pressure ratio of a real closed irreversible regenerated Brayton refrigeration cycle coupled to constant- or variable-temperature heat reservoirs are derived. The irreversibilities considered in the analysis include the heat transfer losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and the regenerator, the non-isentropic expansion and compression losses in the compressor and expander, and the pressure drop losses in the piping system. The optimal performance characteristics of the cycle may be obtained by optimizing the distribution of the heat conductance or heat transfer surface areas among the two heat exchangers and the regenerator. The influences of the effectiveness of the regenerator as well as the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers, the efficiencies of the expander and the compressor, the pressure recovery coefficient, and the inlet temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs on the cooling load and the COP are examined and shown by numerical examples. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 5 BP 830 EP 837 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/34/5/322 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 417LD UT WOS:000167835700024 ER PT J AU Fang, JY Chen, MS Shashidhar, R AF Fang, JY Chen, MS Shashidhar, R TI Structural changes in self-assembled monolayers induced by photodimerization: A scanning force microscopy investigation SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR AGGREGATION STATE; OCTADECYLTRICHLOROSILANE; SURFACES; MICA AB Evidence of photodimerization induced positional order in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is reported. Scanning force microscopy studies of SAMs of an alkylsilane with an olefinic group on a silicon surface show that the terminal alkyl chains are initially disordered but become highly ordered upon irradiation with UV light. Development of the crystalline order in the SAMs is accompanied by changes in frictional properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fang, JY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 6 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1549 EP 1551 DI 10.1021/la001156f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 407VE UT WOS:000167290800037 ER PT J AU Liu, X Morse, SF Vignola, JF Photiadis, DM Sarkissian, A Marcus, MH Houston, BH AF Liu, X Morse, SF Vignola, JF Photiadis, DM Sarkissian, A Marcus, MH Houston, BH TI On the modes and loss mechanisms of a high Q mechanical oscillator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-FRICTION; FILMS AB We have performed laser-Doppler vibrometry measurements of the vibration of a double-paddle oscillator. Seven modes with principally out-of-plane motion have been identified. Their resonance frequencies and mode shapes are in excellent agreement with three-dimensional finite element simulations. We have found that the second antisymmetric torsional mode has exceptionally good vibration isolation of its mode shape. This explains its extremely small low temperature internal friction below 10 K (2x10(-8)). By correlating the internal friction of each mode with features of their mode shapes, a criterion has been established to develop high Q oscillators. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 10 BP 1346 EP 1348 DI 10.1063/1.1350599 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 405GL UT WOS:000167151300010 ER PT J AU Ralston, ME Chung, K Barnes, PD Emans, JB Schutzman, SA AF Ralston, ME Chung, K Barnes, PD Emans, JB Schutzman, SA TI Role of flexion-extension radiographs in blunt pediatric cervical spine injury SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Ambulatory-Pediatric-Association CY MAY 02-06, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Ambulatory Pediat Assoc DE child; cervical spine; injury; radiographs; flexion; extension ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DELAYED DIAGNOSIS; WHIPLASH INJURIES; CORD INJURY; TRAUMA; CHILDREN; INSTABILITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; ABNORMALITIES AB Objective: To determine whether flexion-extension cervical spine radiography (FECSR) is abnormal in children who have sustained blunt cervical spine injury (CSI) when standard cervical spine radiography (SCSR) demonstrates no acute abnormalities. Methods: This was a blinded radiographic review of 129 patients less than or equal to 16 years of age evaluated at an academic pediatric trauma center during July 1990-March 1996. All patients had SCSR (anteroposterior/lateral views) and FECSR performed for a trauma-related event within seven days of injury. Results: Of 46 patients without acute abnormalities on SCSR, one patient (with final clinical diagnosis of "no CSI") had acute abnormalities on FECSR (95% CI = 0.06% to 11.5%). Of 50 patients with isolated loss of lordosis on SCSR, no patient had acute abnormalities on FECSR (95% CI = 0% to 5.8%). The FECSR review revealed no acute abnormalities in 75 of 83 patients (90.4%) with suspicious findings for CSI viewed on SCSR (95% CI = 81.9% to 95.7%). Complications during FECSR were noted in one patient with transient paresthesias (0.8%) (95% CI = 0.02% to 4.2%). Conclusions: In children who underwent acute radiographic evaluation of blunt cervical spine trauma, FECSR was unlikely to be abnormal when no acute abnormality or isolated loss of lordosis was evident on SCSR. In a subset of patients with suspicious findings for occult CSI on SCSR, FECSR was useful in ruling out ligamentous instability in the acute, posttrauma setting. C1 Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ralston, ME (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01299.x PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 408UA UT WOS:000167345000004 PM 11229945 ER PT J AU Holtz, RL Fleshler, S Gubser, DU AF Holtz, RL Fleshler, S Gubser, DU TI Fatigue of a reinforced high temperature superconducting tape SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AXIAL STRAIN; AG AB High-cycle fatigue-life behavior of commercial multifilamentary BSCCO 2223 powder-in-tube tape and reinforced tape was evaluated. Mechanical fatigue at room temperature and 77 K, and the onset of significant superconductivity degradation at 77 K were evaluated under tension perpendicular to the flat faces of the tapes. No fatigue behavior was observed in this transverse configuration for unreinforced tape, but fatigue-life behavior associated with delamination of the reinforcement tons found for reinforced tape. Fatigue tolerance of the reinforced tape is very high, about 24 MPa, to at least 100 000 cycles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Holtz, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 3 IS 3 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1002/1527-2648(200103)3:3<131::AID-ADEM131>3.3.CO;2-I PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 416AW UT WOS:000167756600006 ER PT J AU Schultz, AC AF Schultz, AC TI The 2000 AAAI Mobile Robot Competition and Exhibition SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The events of the Ninth AAAI Robot Competition and Exhibition, held 30 July to 3 August 2000, included the popular Hors d'Oeuvres Anyone? and Challenge events as well as a new event, Urban Search and Rescue. Here, I describe these events as well as the exhibition and the concluding workshop. C1 USN, Res Lab, Intelligent Syst Sect, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Schultz, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Intelligent Syst Sect, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 415HX UT WOS:000167716400004 ER PT J AU Lai, JCS Platzer, MF AF Lai, JCS Platzer, MF TI Characteristics of a plunging airfoil at zero freestream velocity SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Univ Coll, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lai, JCS (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Australian Def Force Acad, Univ Coll, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. OI Lai, Joseph/0000-0002-8946-9993 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.2514/2.1340 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 409JQ UT WOS:000167380900025 ER PT J AU Mallak, CT Milch, KS Horn, DF AF Mallak, CT Milch, KS Horn, DF TI Saddam's revenge - A post-Gulf War casualty SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artillery; head injury; industrial accident AB Artillery weapons are designed to inflict death and destruction by way of fragmentary and blast injuries. As pieces of modern machinery, they are also capable of causing serious injury by their very complex nature. The authors present a case analysis of an artillery piece that caused a projectile death without a shell. C1 USN Hosp, Okinawa, Japan. RP Mallak, CT (reprint author), USN, Personnel Command, P4415N,5720 Integr Dr, Millington, TN 38055 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 43 EP 45 DI 10.1097/00000433-200103000-00007 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 405JM UT WOS:000167156300007 PM 11444660 ER PT J AU Quigley, MM Bethel, K Nowacki, M Millard, F Sharpe, R AF Quigley, MM Bethel, K Nowacki, M Millard, F Sharpe, R TI Neutropenic enterocolitis: A rare presenting complication of acute leukemia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutropenic enterocolitis; typhlitis; acute leukemia ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; TYPHLITIS; DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT; ADULTS; CHEMOTHERAPY; EXPERIENCE; INFECTION AB Neutropenic enterocolitis is a necrotizing inflammatory process with intramural infection that occurs predominantly in neutropenic patients. This syndrome is most frequently observed after chemotherapy for hematologic and solid tissue malignancies, but it can also be observed in a number of other clinical settings as well. Neutropenic enterocolitis can be a rare presenting complication of acute leukemia. We report a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia that presented with abdominal pain due to neutropenic enterocolitis. The diagnostic and treatment challenges associated with this manner of presentation are discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 66:213-219, 2001, Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KA, Dept Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Hematol Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Quigley, MM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept KA, Dept Lab, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 66 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1002/1096-8652(200103)66:3<213::AID-AJH1047>3.0.CO;2-O PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 402CU UT WOS:000166969100009 PM 11279629 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DA AF Bradshaw, DA TI What are the nonsurgical treatment options for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; NOCTURNAL OXYGEN-THERAPY; WEIGHT-LOSS; NASAL CPAP; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; APNOEA/HYPOPNOEA SYNDROME; APNEA/HYPOPNEA SYNDROME; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; HYPOPNEA SYNDROME; DAYTIME FUNCTION AB Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is now recognized as a relatively common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness, with resultant psychosocial impairment and motor vehicle accidents, and it likely contributes to premature cardiovascular disease. Treatment is naturally directed at the upper airway; however, it is also important to identify and correct significant risk factors, such as obesity and hypothyroidism, whenever possible. Oral appliances or nasal continuous positive airway pressure may immediately reverse symptoms caused by OSA and can be used either indefinitely or as a bridge to potentially definitive surgery. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bradshaw, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 94 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 2 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1053/ajot.2001.22573 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 419CL UT WOS:000167931700007 PM 11283828 ER PT J AU Denardo, B Baker, SR AF Denardo, B Baker, SR TI Nonreflecting termination of a mass-and-spring lattice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONPROPAGATING STRING EXCITATIONS C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Denardo, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 3 BP 382 EP 384 DI 10.1119/1.1309518 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 404RD UT WOS:000167113700029 ER PT J AU Zak, JK Butler, JE Swain, GM AF Zak, JK Butler, JE Swain, GM TI Diamond optically transparent electrodes: Demonstration of concept with ferri-ferrocyanide and methyl viologen SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; SINGLE DEVICE; SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND; SPIN-RESONANCE; REDOX COUPLE; SURFACE; SELECTIVITY C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Silesian Tech Univ, Fac Chem, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Swain, GM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, 320 Chem Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Swain, Greg/B-3023-2010 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Swain, Greg/0000-0001-6498-8351 NR 47 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 5 BP 908 EP 914 DI 10.1021/ac001257i PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 407QX UT WOS:000167283200018 PM 11289435 ER PT J AU McKinlay, JR Barrett, TL Barnette, DJ Ross, EV AF McKinlay, JR Barrett, TL Barnette, DJ Ross, EV TI Asymptomatic, firm, yellow-brown plaques of the lower eyelids and chest - Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis (PLCNA) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP McKinlay, JR (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 137 IS 3 BP 365 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 410LM UT WOS:000167441500019 PM 11255342 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DS Poss, WB Stocks, AL AF Wheeler, DS Poss, WB Stocks, AL TI Radiological case of the month - Inferior vena cava and renal vein thrombosis in a neonate SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VENOUS THROMBOSIS; ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE; DIAGNOSIS C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Wheeler, DS (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 155 IS 3 BP 415 EP 416 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 408JX UT WOS:000167324000019 PM 11231814 ER PT J AU Franck, RE AF Franck, RE TI The future of war: Power, technology and American world dominance in the 21(st) century. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Franck, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700308 PG 11 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 445VC UT WOS:000169478400009 ER PT J AU Franck, RE AF Franck, RE TI The pursuit of power: Technology, armed force and society since AD 1000. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Franck, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700308 PG 11 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 445VC UT WOS:000169478400008 ER PT J AU Franck, RE AF Franck, RE TI War, economy and society, 1939-1945. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Franck, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700308 PG 11 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 445VC UT WOS:000169478400010 ER PT J AU Franck, RE AF Franck, RE TI War and economy in the third reich. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Franck, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700308 PG 11 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 445VC UT WOS:000169478400011 ER PT J AU Fredland, JE AF Fredland, JE TI The yard: Building a destroyer at the bath iron works. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fredland, JE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 27 IS 3 BP 498 EP 500 DI 10.1177/0095327X0102700312 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 445VC UT WOS:000169478400015 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Fan, XH Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Richards, GT Hill, GJ MacQueen, JP Ramsey, LW Adams, MT Booth, JA Hill, GM Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Saxe, DH Shetrone, M Tufts, JR Vanden Berk, DE Wolf, MJ York, DG Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Lamb, DQ Munn, JA Thakar, AR AF Schneider, DP Fan, XH Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Richards, GT Hill, GJ MacQueen, JP Ramsey, LW Adams, MT Booth, JA Hill, GM Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Saxe, DH Shetrone, M Tufts, JR Vanden Berk, DE Wolf, MJ York, DG Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Lamb, DQ Munn, JA Thakar, AR TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. V. Hobby-Eberly telescope observations SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE early universe; quasars : general ID LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; FALL EQUATORIAL STRIPE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RADIO PROPERTIES; SAMPLE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; PERFORMANCE; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; CONTINUUM AB We report the discovery of 27 quasars with redshifts between 3.58 and 4.49. The objects were identified as high-redshift candidates based on their colors in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. The redshifts were confirmed with low-resolution spectra obtained at the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The quasars' i* magnitudes range from 18.55 to 20.97. Nearly 60% of the quasar candidates observed are confirmed spectroscopically as quasars. Two of the objects are broad absorption line quasars, and several other quasars appear to have narrow associated absorption features. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1232 EP 1240 DI 10.1086/319422 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 412YL UT WOS:000167582800002 ER PT J AU Hummel, CA Carquillat, JM Ginestet, N Griffin, RF Boden, AF Hajian, AR Mozurkewich, D Nordgren, TE AF Hummel, CA Carquillat, JM Ginestet, N Griffin, RF Boden, AF Hajian, AR Mozurkewich, D Nordgren, TE TI Orbital and stellar parameters of Omicron Leonis from spectroscopy and interferometry SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; binaries : visual; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (o Leonis); techniques : interferometric ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; RADIAL-VELOCITY SPECTROMETER; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; COMPOSITE SPECTRA; VISUAL ORBIT; BINARY STARS; TRANSFORMATIONS; ADJUSTMENT; DIAGRAMS AB We present a three-dimensional solution for the orbit of the double star Omicron Leonis, based on new photoelectric radial velocity data mainly from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence and on interferometric data obtained with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer, the Mark III Stellar Interferometer, and the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. Omicron Leo's primary is a giant of type F9 and the secondary is an A5m dwarf, for which we derive masses of 2.12 +/- 0.01 M. and 1.87 +/- 0.01 M ., respectively. The distance to the binary is determined to be 41.4 +/- 0.1 pc. Combining the distance with the measured apparent magnitudes and color differences between the components yields luminosities of 39.4 +/- 2.4 L. and 15.4 +/- 1.0 L. for primary and secondary, respectively. Data from the Palomar Testbed Interferometer taken at 2.2 mum are used to constrain the photometry in the infrared. C1 USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Cambridge, The Observatories, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, NPOI, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 59 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1623 EP 1635 DI 10.1086/319391 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 412YL UT WOS:000167582800035 ER PT J AU Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Gaume, RA Eubanks, TM Johnston, KJ AF Fey, AL Boboltz, DA Gaume, RA Eubanks, TM Johnston, KJ TI Extragalactic radio source selection for use in directly linking optical astrometric observations to the radio reference frame SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; quasars : general; radio continuum; reference systems; techniques : interferometric ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; VLBA OBSERVATIONS; REFERENCE SYSTEM; SOURCE POSITIONS; SUITABILITY AB Future space-based optical astrometric satellite missions present the possibility of directly linking the radio and optical reference frames at the microarcsecond level. We have evaluated the current database of radio observations of the extragalactic objects that make up the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) to determine the optimum candidates in terms of their radio properties for use as radiooptical frame tie sources. We use up-to-date radio astrometric and ancillary data to evaluate the sources in terms of their suitability for use by the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM), but the results apply equally well to any optical astrometric satellite or optical ground-based observations with sufficient brightness sensitivity to measure precise astrometric positions of extragalactic objects directly. Currently, the ICRF limits the accuracy of any radio-optical frame tie based on future optical astrometric satellite observations if the projected accuracies for these missions are realized. We have attempted to construct a suitable set of frame tie sources but found a significant deficit of candidate sources in the southern hemisphere. If the SIM optical frame is to be successfully tied to the ICRF, additional radio observations are necessary to overcome the limitations of the radio frame. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Fey, AL (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1741 EP 1751 DI 10.1086/319382 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 412YL UT WOS:000167582800043 ER PT J AU Schuecker, P Bohringer, H Guzzo, L Collins, CA Neumann, DM Schindler, S Voges, W De Grandi, S Chincarini, G Cruddace, R Muller, V Reiprich, TH Retzlaff, J Shaver, P AF Schuecker, P Bohringer, H Guzzo, L Collins, CA Neumann, DM Schindler, S Voges, W De Grandi, S Chincarini, G Cruddace, R Muller, V Reiprich, TH Retzlaff, J Shaver, P TI The ROSAT-ESO flux-limited X-ray (REFLEX) galaxy cluster survey - III. The power spectrum SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE clusters : general; clusters : cosmology ID COLD DARK-MATTER; MUENSTER REDSHIFT PROJECT; ABELL CLUSTERS; RICH CLUSTERS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; SPATIAL CORRELATIONS; LARGE SCALES; H-I AB We present a measure of the power spectrum on scales from 15 to 800 h(-1) Mpe using the ROSAT-ESO Flux-Limited X-Ray (REFLEX) galaxy cluster catalogue. The REFLEX survey provides a sample of the 452 X-ray brightest southern clusters of galaxies with the nominal flux limit S = 3.0 10(-12) erg s(-1) cm(-2) for the ROSAT energy band (0.1 - 2.4) keV. Several tests are performed showing no significant incompletenesses of the REFLEX clusters with X-ray. luminosities brighter than 10(43) erg s(-1) up to scales of about 600 h(-1) Mpc. They also indicate that cosmic variance might be more important than previous studies suggest. We regard this as a warning not to draw general cosmological conclusions from cluster samples with a size smaller than REFLEX. Power spectra, P(k), of comoving cluster number densities are estimated for flux- and volume-limited subsamples. The most important result is the detection of a broad maximum within the comoving wavenumber range 0.022 less than or equal to k less than or equal to 0.030 h Mpc(-1). The data suggest an increase of the power spectral amplitude with X-ray luminosity. Compared to optically selected cluster samples the REFLEX P(k) is flatter for wavenumbers k less than or equal to 0.05 h Mpc(-1) thus shifting the maximum of P(k) to larger scales. The smooth maximum is not consistent with the narrow peak detected at k = 0.05 h Mpc(-1) using the Abell/ACO richness greater than or equal to0 data. In the range 0.02 less than or equal to k less than or equal to 0.4 h Mpc(-1) general agreement is found between the slope of the REFLEX P(k) and those obtained with optically selected galaxies. X semi-analytic description of the biased nonlinear power spectrum in redshift space gives the best agreement for low-density Cold Dark Matter models with or without a cosmological constant. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Brera, Merate, Italy. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20122 Milan, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Astrophys, Potsdam, Germany. European So Observ, D-37075 Garching, Germany. RP Schuecker, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. EM peters@mpe.mpg.de OI GUZZO, LUIGI/0000-0001-8264-5192 NR 90 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 368 IS 1 BP 86 EP 106 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 421GZ UT WOS:000168057800010 ER PT J AU Elias, NM AF Elias, NM TI Optical interferometric polarimetry. I. Foundation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; techniques : polarimetric ID UNDERSTANDING RADIO POLARIMETRY; STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY AB The theoretical response of long-baseline optical interferometers and Fourier transform spectrometers, including polarization effects, is derived. The formalism, employing the Jones and Mueller calculi as well as the relationship between them, was adapted from previous work in radio interferometry and tailored specifically for optical wavelengths. Expressions for Jones and Mueller matrices corresponding to specific optical components and effects are stated. It was determined that the system squared visibility depends on the instrument, atmosphere, and normalized intrinsic polarization of sources under observation. A sample algebraic calculation was performed to highlight the typical functional form for the instrumental system squared visibility, demonstrating that reductions from unity can be determined directly from differential measurements of polarization quantities between the arms. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using two trains of identical mirrors with random relative orientation offsets, yielding results consistent with the algebraic example. Four mathematical appendices are provided for reference. C1 USN Observ, Navy Prototype Opt Interferometer, Dept Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Elias, NM (reprint author), USN Observ, Navy Prototype Opt Interferometer, Dept Astron, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 549 IS 1 BP 647 EP 668 DI 10.1086/319046 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 413DG UT WOS:000167594200052 ER PT J AU Harris, HC Hansen, BMS Liebert, J Vanden Berk, DE Anderson, SF Knapp, GR Fan, XH Margon, B Munn, JA Nichol, RC Pier, JR Schneider, DP Smith, JA Winget, DE York, DG Anderson, JE Brinkmann, J Burles, S Chen, B Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Lamb, DQ Lupton, RH Newberg, HJ Schlegel, DJ Smee, S Strauss, MA Thakar, AR Uomoto, A Yanny, B AF Harris, HC Hansen, BMS Liebert, J Vanden Berk, DE Anderson, SF Knapp, GR Fan, XH Margon, B Munn, JA Nichol, RC Pier, JR Schneider, DP Smith, JA Winget, DE York, DG Anderson, JE Brinkmann, J Burles, S Chen, B Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Lamb, DQ Lupton, RH Newberg, HJ Schlegel, DJ Smee, S Strauss, MA Thakar, AR Uomoto, A Yanny, B TI A new very cool white dwarf discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : individual (SDSSp J133739.40+000142.8); white dwarfs ID MODEL ATMOSPHERES; GALACTIC DISK; HYDROGEN-RICH; DARK HALO; OBJECTS; LUMINOSITY; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; STARS; OLD AB Early data taken during commissioning of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) have resulted in the discovery of a very cool white dwarf. It appears to have stronger collision-induced absorption from molecular hydrogen than any other known white dwarf, suggesting it has a cooler temperature than any other. While its distance is presently unknown, it has a surprisingly small proper motion, making it unlikely to be a halo star. An analysis of white dwarf cooling times suggests that this object may be a low-mass star with a helium core. The SDSS imaging and spectroscopy also recovered LHS 3250, the coolest previously known white dwarf, indicating that the SDSS will be an effective tool for identifying these extreme objects. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phy Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Harris, HC (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601 NR 42 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 549 IS 1 BP L109 EP L113 DI 10.1086/319146 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 406HK UT WOS:000167208700026 ER PT J AU Miller, WF AF Miller, WF TI The SD/LOC syndrome: Spatial disorientation and loss of consciousness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Miller, WF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 72 IS 3 BP 321 EP 321 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 406LF UT WOS:000167217100015 PM 11277292 ER PT J AU Das, C Naganagowda, GA Karle, IL Balaram, P AF Das, C Naganagowda, GA Karle, IL Balaram, P TI Designed beta-hairpin peptides with defined tight turn stereochemistry SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE conformational analysis; synthetic octapeptides; stereochemistry; beta-turn; beta-strand; beta-hairpin; crystal structure ID DE-NOVO DESIGN; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PROTEINS; MODEL; STABILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATION; NUCLEATION AB The conformational analysis of two synthetic octapeptides. Boc-Leu-Val-Val-D-Pro-L-Ala-Leu-Val-Val-OMe (1) and Boc-Leu-Val-Val-D-Pro-D-Ala-Leu-Val-Val-OMe (2) has been carried our in order to investigate the effect of beta -turn stereochemistry on designed beta -hairpin structures. Five hundred megahertz H-1 NMR studies establish that both peptides 1 and 2 adopt predominantly beta -hairpin conformations in methanol solution. Specific nuclear Overhauser effects provide evidence for a type II' beta -turn conformation for the D-Pro-L-Ala segment in I, while the NMR data suggest that the type I' D-Pro-D-Ala beta -turn conformation predominates in peptide 2. Evidence for a minor conformation in peptide 2, in slow. exchange on the NMR time scale. is also presented. Interstrand registry is demonstrated in both peptides 1 and 2. The crystal structure of 1 reveals two independent molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. both of which adopt beta -hairpin conformations nucleated by D-Pro-L-Ala type II' beta -turns and are stabilized by three cross-strand hydrogen bonds. CD spectra for peptides 1 and 2 show. marked differences, presumably as a consequence of the superposition of spectral bands arising from both beta -turn and beta -strand conformations. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Sophisticated Instruments Facil, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902] NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD MAR PY 2001 VL 58 IS 3 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1002/1097-0282(200103)58:3<335::AID-BIP1010>3.0.CO;2-U PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 397MA UT WOS:000166698400011 PM 11169393 ER PT J AU Ching, WM Rowland, D Zhang, Z Bourgeois, AL Kelly, D Dasch, GA Devine, PL AF Ching, WM Rowland, D Zhang, Z Bourgeois, AL Kelly, D Dasch, GA Devine, PL TI Early diagnosis of scrub typhus with a rapid flow assay using recombinant major outer membrane protein antigen (r56) of Orientia tsutsugamushi SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; 56-KILODALTON PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; STRAINS; AMPLIFICATION AB The variable 56-kDa major outer membrane protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi is the immunodominant antigen in human scrub typhus infections. We developed a rapid immunochromatographic flow assay (RFA) for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi. The RFA employs a truncated recombinant 56-kDa protein from the Karp strain as the antigen. The performance of the RFA was evaluated with a panel of 321 sera (serial bleedings of 85 individuals suspected of scrub typhus) which were collected in the Pescadore Islands, Taiwan, from 1976 to 1977. Among these 85 individuals, IgM tests were negative for 7 cases by both RFA and indirect fluorescence assay (IFA) using Karp whole-cell antigen. In 29 cases specific responses were detected by the RFA earlier than by IFA, 44 cases had the same detection time, and 5 cases were detected earlier by IFA than by RFA. For IgG responses, 4 individuals were negative with both methods, 37 cases exhibited earlier detection by RFA than IFA, 42 cases were detected at the same time, and 2 cases were detected earlier by IFA than by RFA. The sensitivities of RFA detection of antibody in sera from confirmed cases were 74 and 86% for IgM and IgG, respectively. When IgM and IgG results were combined, the sensitivity was 89%. A panel of 78 individual sera collected from patients with no evidence of scrub typhus was used to evaluate the specificity of the RFA. The specificities of the RFA were 99% for IgM and 97% for IgG. The sensitivities of IFA were 53 and 73% for IgM and IgG, respectively, and were 78% when the results of IgM and IgG were combined. The RFA test was significantly better than the IFA test for the early detection of anti body to scrub typhus in primary infections, while both tests mere equally sensitive, with reinfected individuals. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ching, WM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Code 41, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.2.409-414.2001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 409FF UT WOS:000167373300033 PM 11238230 ER PT J AU Townsend, J Westerfield, M Leaver, E Makeig, S Jung, TP Pierce, K Courchesne, E AF Townsend, J Westerfield, M Leaver, E Makeig, S Jung, TP Pierce, K Courchesne, E TI Event-related brain response abnormalities in autism: evidence for impaired cerebello-frontal spatial attention networks SO COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE spatial attention; autism; cerebellum; frontal cortex; ERP; P300 ID FUNCTIONALLY INDEPENDENT COMPONENTS; PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; POSTERIOR-FOSSA STRUCTURES; ORIENTING GAZE SHIFTS; INFANTILE-AUTISM; NEUROANATOMICAL ABNORMALITIES; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INDICATION; CEREBROCEREBELLAR SYSTEM; AUDITORY INFORMATION; DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW AB Although under some conditions the attention-related late positive event-related potential (ERP) response (LPC) is apparently normal in autism during visual processing, the LPC elicited by visuospatial processing may be compromised. Results from this study provide evidence for abnormalities in autism in two components of the LPC generated during spatial processing. The early frontal distribution of the LPC which may reflect attention orienting was delayed or missing in autistic subjects during conditions in which attention was to peripheral visual fields. The later parietal distribution of the LPC which may be associated with context updating was smaller in amplitude in autistic subjects regardless of attention location. Both abnormalities suggest disruption of function in spatial attention networks in autism. Evidence that the cerebellar abnormalities in autism may underlie these deficits comes fr om: (I) similar results in ERP responses and spatial attention deficits in patients with cerebellar lesions; (2) brain-behavior correlations in normally functioning individuals associating the size of the posterior cerebellar vermis and the latency of the frontal LPC; and (3) a previously reported complementary correlation between the size of the posterior vermal lobules and spatial orienting speed. Although the scalp-recorded LPC is thought to be cortically generated, it may be modulated by subcortical neural activity. The cerebellum may serve as a modulating influence by affecting the task-related antecedent attentional process. The electrophysiological abnormalities reported here index spatial attention deficits in autism that may reflect cerebellar influence on both frontal and parietal spatial attention function. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci 0217, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Salk Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Townsend, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci 0217, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 128 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6410 J9 COGNITIVE BRAIN RES JI Cognit. Brain Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 127 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0926-6410(00)00072-0 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Neuroimaging SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 409NM UT WOS:000167389800011 ER PT J AU O'Brien, TD AF O'Brien, TD TI Seductive violence and three Chaucerian women SO COLLEGE LITERATURE LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP O'Brien, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEST CHESTER UNIV PI W CHESTER PA SPECIAL FUNDS OFFICE, W CHESTER, PA 19383 USA SN 0093-3139 J9 COLL LITERATURE JI Coll. Lit. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 178 EP 196 PG 19 WC Literature SC Literature GA 431PV UT WOS:000168640500011 ER PT J AU Fornari, M Marzari, N Peressi, M Baldereschi, A AF Fornari, M Marzari, N Peressi, M Baldereschi, A TI Wannier functions characterization of floating bonds in a-Si SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Wannier functions; floating bonds; amorphous silicon ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; ELECTRON LOCALIZATION; DEFECTS; TENSOR; CHARGE AB We investigate the electronic structure of over-coordinated defects in amorphous silicon via density-functional total-energy calculations, with the aim of understanding the relationship between topological and electronic properties on a microscopic scale. Maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWF)are computed in order to characterize the bonding and the electronic properties of these defects. The five-fold coordination defects give rise to delocalized states extending over several nearest neighbors (NNs), and therefore to very polarizable bonds and anomalously high Born effective charges for the defective atoms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, CSI, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. INFM, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis Teor, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, PHB Ecublens, Inst Appl Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Fornari, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; Marzari, Nicola/D-6681-2016; OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; Marzari, Nicola/0000-0002-9764-0199; PERESSI, MARIA/0000-0001-6142-776X NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(00)00191-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 409MT UT WOS:000167388000009 ER PT J AU Dey, S O'Bara, RM Shephard, MS AF Dey, S O'Bara, RM Shephard, MS TI Towards curvilinear meshing in 3D: the case of quadratic simplices SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Meshing Roundtable on Advances in Mesh Generation (8IMR) CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA DE mesh generation; curvilinear mesh generation; p-version analysis ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; H-P VERSION AB Issues related to curvilinear mesh generation are addressed. Curvilinear mesh geometry representation in the context of high-order finite element formulations and its impact on mesh validity is discussed. Specific criteria and associated mathematical relations are derived to ensure validity of meshes of quadratic simplices. An iterative algorithm for curving stright-edges meshes is described. Example curvilinear meshes of complex geometries obtained using this algorithm are included to show the validity of the presented approach. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Simmertrix Inc, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Sci Computat Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Dey, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S0010-4485(00)00120-2 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 405FL UT WOS:000167147400002 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Perkins, HT Jacobs, GA Book, JW AF Teague, WJ Perkins, HT Jacobs, GA Book, JW TI Tide observations in the Korea-Tsushima Strait SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tides; tidal currents; acoustic current meters; bottom pressure; coastal oceanography; Korea-Tsushima Strait ID BOTTOM COLD-WATER; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; WARM CURRENT; YELLOW SEA AB Tides are analyzed in the Korea-Tsushima Strait using measurements from 11 moorings, each containing an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a pressure gauge. These instruments were bottom moored at depths ranging from 59 to 142 m from May 1999 until October 1999 along two lines across the Strait, northeast and southwest of Tsushima Island. Tide amplitudes range over 3 m along the southern line but only range about 0.7 m along the northern line. Maximum total current velocities exceed 100 cm/s in the surface layers and typically exceed 50 cm/s at mid-depths along both lines. These data are analyzed for eight tidal constituents, which are found to account for about 88% of the sea surface height variability along the southern line and 70% along the northern line. M2, S2, K1, and O1 are the dominant constituents. Their amplitudes are generally 10-20% smaller than amplitudes from tide charts. M2 tidal velocities range from 17 to 25 cm/s along the line northeast of Tsushima Island, and are largest at the mooring on the western side of the Strait, nearest to Korea. Southeast of Tsushima Island, either M2 or K1 dominates the tidal contribution to the current, with tidal velocities ranging between 13 and 23 cm/s. Tidal velocities are fairly depth independent at mid-depths but exhibit varying degrees of depth dependence in the near-surface and near-bottom layers. While tidal currents are responsible for about 25% of the eddy kinetic energy in the near surface layer, they account for more than 50% of the eddy kinetic energy at mid-depths and about 70% near the bottom. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM teague@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 21 IS 5 BP 545 EP 561 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00110-2 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 411PG UT WOS:000167508000006 ER PT J AU Williams, G King, J Cunningham, M Stephan, M Kerr, B Hersh, JH AF Williams, G King, J Cunningham, M Stephan, M Kerr, B Hersh, JH TI Fetal valproate syndrome and autism: additional evidence of an association SO DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; ACID AB Autism has been described in association with a variety of medical and genetic conditions. We previously reported on a patient whose clinical phenotype was compatible with both fetal valproate syndrome (FVS) and autism. Here we present five additional patients with FVS and autism. In all five of our patients, there was evidence of cognitive deficits, manifestations of autism, and typical phenotypic characteristics of FVS. The association between this known teratogen and autism has both clinical and research implications. C1 Univ Louisville, Childrens Evaluat Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Washington, Div Genet & Dev, Childrens Craniofacial Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Royal Manchester Childrens Hosp, Dept Genet, Manchester M27 1HA, Lancs, England. RP Williams, G (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Childrens Evaluat Ctr, 571 S Floyd St,Suite 100, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. NR 30 TC 180 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 14 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0012-1622 J9 DEV MED CHILD NEUROL JI Dev. Med. Child Neurol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 3 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1017/S001216220100038X PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 415DF UT WOS:000167705000011 PM 11263692 ER PT J AU Williams, OA Whitfield, MD Jackman, RB Foord, JS Butler, JE Nebel, CE AF Williams, OA Whitfield, MD Jackman, RB Foord, JS Butler, JE Nebel, CE TI Carrier generation within the surface region of hydrogenated thin film polycrystalline diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2000) CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL SP De Beers Ind Diamonds (UK) Ltd, GFD Gesell Diamantprod mbH, Philips Res Labs, Elsevier Sci DE carrier generation; surface region; hydrogenation process; thin nm polycrystalline diamond ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANISM AB Low temperature Hall effect measurements made on diamond films subjected to a hydrogenation process, such that the near surface region becomes p-type without the addition of conventional dopant atoms, are reported. The carrier concentration within the temperature range 10-300 K does not change as expected for most films, actually increasing as the temperature falls. However, polished films display more conventional behaviour in that the carrier concentration falls with falling temperature. A model involving carrier transport within both valance and impurity bands can be considered to explain these observations, leading to the suggestion that the hydrogenation process is capable of creating acceptor states with an activation energy within the range of 10-40 meV. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UCL, London WC1E 7JE, England. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. TU Muenchen, Walter Schottky Inst, D-80469 Munich, Germany. RP UCL, Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7JE, England. EM r.jackman@ee.ucl.ac.uk RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Williams, Oliver/B-2776-2009 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 EI 1879-0062 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUL PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3-7 SI SI BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(00)00556-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 432ZJ UT WOS:000168730600027 ER PT J AU Bosshard, M AF Bosshard, M TI La 'Conference de Cintegabelle' SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Bosshard, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEACH FRENCH PI CHAMPAIGN PA 57 EAST ARMORY AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 74 IS 4 BP 850 EP 851 PG 2 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 407WJ UT WOS:000167293500064 ER PT J AU Tillack, MS Najmabadi, F El-Guebaly, LA Peterson, RR Goodin, DT Schultz, KR Meier, WR Perkins, J Petti, DA Sethian, JD Waganer, LM AF Tillack, MS Najmabadi, F El-Guebaly, LA Peterson, RR Goodin, DT Schultz, KR Meier, WR Perkins, J Petti, DA Sethian, JD Waganer, LM CA ARIES Team TI ARIES inertial fusion chamber assessment SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY OCT 15-19, 2000 CL PARK CITY, UTAH SP Amer Nucl Soc ID DESIGN; ENERGY AB A critical assessment of the feasibility of IFE chambers has been initiated. This work seeks to define design windows and explore in detail the tradeoffs for various chamber concepts. The work is performed in an integrated and self-consistent manner by including all key elements of IFE chambers, including target physics, target fabrication, injection and tracking, final optics interface and protection, chamber engineering, safety and environment. Chamber concepts are being considered in a sequential fashion; initial studies reported here have concentrated on dry wall options. The goals and approach of the program are described and preliminary results reported. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Tillack, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 343 EP 349 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 418XF UT WOS:000167919100010 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ AF Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Thonnard, SE McCoy, RP Thomas, RJ TI Electron densities determined by the HIRAAS experiment and comparisons with ionosonde measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET AB We present electron density profiles derived by inversion of ultraviolet limb scans made by the High Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectroscopy (HIRAAS) experiment on the Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS). The ultraviolet limb scans were inverted using an iterative algorithm based on discrete inverse theory. We present two comparisons with nearly coincident ionosonde measurements of the F-region peak density and peak height. Our observations took place on 24 November 1999 when the 10.7 cm radio flux was 181x10(-22) Watt m(-2) Hz(-1) and the daily a(p) was 21, indicating moderate geomagnetic activity. The retrieved peak electron density and peak height were in good agreeent with the ionosonde measurements, demonstrating the accuracy of the ultraviolet technique for sensing the ionospheric state. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 BP 927 EP 930 DI 10.1029/2000GL012312 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 406RV UT WOS:000167229700046 ER PT J AU Phillips, GW Share, GH King, SE August, RA Tylka, AJ Adams, JH Panasyuk, MI Nymmik, RA Kuzhevskij, BM Kulikauskas, VS Zhuravlev, DA Smith, AR Hurley, DL McDonald, RJ AF Phillips, GW Share, GH King, SE August, RA Tylka, AJ Adams, JH Panasyuk, MI Nymmik, RA Kuzhevskij, BM Kulikauskas, VS Zhuravlev, DA Smith, AR Hurley, DL McDonald, RJ TI Correlation of upper-atmospheric Be-7 with solar energetic particle events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; SPACECRAFT; SUN AB A surprisingly large concentration of radioactive Be-7 was observed in the upper atmosphere at altitudes above 320 km on the LDEF satellite that was recovered in January 1990. We report on follow-up experiments on Russian spacecraft at altitudes of 167 to 370 km during the period of 1996 to 1999, specifically designed to measure Be-7 concentrations in low earth orbit. Our data show a significant correlation between the Be-7 concentration and the solar energetic proton fluence at Earth, but not with the overall solar activity. During periods of low solar proton fluence, the concentration is correlated with the galactic cosmic ray fluence. This indicates that spallation of atmospheric N by both solar energetic particles and cosmic rays is the primary source of Be-7 in the ionosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Phillips, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Panasyuk, Mikhail/E-2005-2012; Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 BP 939 EP 942 DI 10.1029/2000GL012518 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 406RV UT WOS:000167229700049 ER PT J AU Drisekll, JE Johnston, JH Salas, E AF Drisekll, JE Johnston, JH Salas, E TI Does stress training generalize to novel settings? SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING; TIME PRESSURE; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; NOISE AB Many high-stress task environments are complex and dynamic, and it is often difficult during training to anticipate the exact conditions that may be encountered in these settings. We conducted an empirical study to examine whether the positive effects of stress training that addressed one specific type of stressor and task would remain when trainees performed under a novel stressor or performed a novel task. Participants performed a laboratory task under stress conditions. Measures of task performance and self-reported stress were obtained at three performance trials: (a) prior to stress training, (b) after a stress training intervention targeted to that specific task environment, and (c) under novel stressor/task conditions. Results indicated that the beneficial effects of stress training were retained when participants performed under a novel stressor and performed a novel task. We discuss the implications of this study with regard to their application in the design of stress training and the transfer of learning to complex, dynamic task environments. C1 Florida Maxima Corp, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Drisekll, JE (reprint author), Florida Maxima Corp, 507 N New York Ave,R-1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SPR PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1518/001872001775992471 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 453KM UT WOS:000169915100008 PM 11474766 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Jurkovic, MJ Felix, CL Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU Turner, GW Manfra, MJ AF Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Jurkovic, MJ Felix, CL Meyer, JR Lee, H Martinelli, RU Turner, GW Manfra, MJ TI Limitations to beam quality of mid-infrared angled-grating distributed-feedback lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE alpha-DFB; angled grating; high-power semiconductor laser; mid-IR laser; tilted grating ID MU-M; W-LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; FILAMENTATION AB The far-field characteristics of mid-infrared angled-grating distributed-feedback (a-DFB) lasers with W active regions are studied as a function of etch depth, stripe width, and optical pumping intensity. Whereas near-diffraction-limited output is obtained for 50 mum stripes at ten times threshold, the beam quality degrades rapidly when either the stripe width or the pump intensity is increased. A key finding is that most of the degradation may be attributed to the onset of Fabry-Perot-like lasing modes that propagate along the direct path normal to the facets. We further show that these parasitic modes may be effectively eliminated by using ion-bombardment to create angled virtual mesas surrounded by loss regions. The bombarded structures show substantial improvement of the beam quality for wide pump stripes and high pump intensities, although in this first demonstration the efficiency decrease was greater than expected. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1109/2944.954116 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 479YW UT WOS:000171432800001 ER PT J AU Clark, TR Dennis, ML AF Clark, TR Dennis, ML TI Toward a 100-GSample/s photonic A-D converter SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE analog-to-digital conversion; microwave receivers; optical data processing ID DIGITAL CONVERSION; FIBER LASER; TIME; MODULATOR AB We propose a 100-GSample-per-second (GSPS) realtime photonic analog-to-digital converter architecture and demonstrate the 100-GSPS photonic sampling and 1:8 time-division optical demultiplexing required to implement such a converter. The high-speed demultiplexing is achieved with a lithium niobate intensity modulator-based serial-parallel converter. Experimental results are presented indicating the potential for >4-bit performance in a fully implemented analog-to-digital conversion system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1109/68.914332 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 418CT UT WOS:000167872700022 ER PT J AU Weinstock, H Osofsky, M AF Weinstock, H Osofsky, M TI The 2000 Applied Superconductivity Conference - Pavilion Convention Center, Virginia Beach, VA, September 17-22, 2000 - Chairmen's Introduction to the ASC 2000 proceedings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Weinstock, H (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 29 EP 29 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 425HP UT WOS:000168285400001 ER PT J AU Nisenoff, M Meyers, WJ AF Nisenoff, M Meyers, WJ TI On-orbit status of the high temperature superconductivity space experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA DE high temperature superconductors; space applications; microwave devices; cryogenic subsystems AB The High Temperature Superconductivity (HTS) Space Experiment (HTSSE-II) successfully achieved orbit U February 1999 with the launch of the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS). It contains eight HTS components and subsystems. Developed by various industrial and government laboratories in the 1992 to 1994 time frame, they were integrated with a closed cycle refrigerator into the HTSSE-II payload during 1995. The monitoring of the on-orbit performance of the HTS devices began in May 1999. After a brief description of the HTSSE program, the performance characterization of the HTSSE-II devices will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Honeywell Technol Solut Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. RP Nisenoff, M (reprint author), M Nisenoff Assoc, POB 2748, Kensington, MD 20896 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1109/77.919466 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 425HP UT WOS:000168285400185 ER PT J AU Gulian, AM Fritz, GG Wood, KS Van Vechten, D AF Gulian, AM Fritz, GG Wood, KS Van Vechten, D TI Superconducting electronics requirements for single-photon, energy resolving detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA DE SQUID electronics; single-photon fast detectors; megapixel arrays; superconductos ID MICROCALORIMETER AB Development of single photon sensors capable of determining the energy ("color") of each photon incident on a pixelated focal plane in real time is a central activity of many groups worldwide developing state-of-the-art hardware for the space astrophysics community. Terrestrial applications in materials analysis are also being targeted. The most successful class of approaches uses "hot-electron" microbolometers in which the energy of the photon elevates the electronic temperature in a metallic absorber and a dedicated thermometer measures this excursion, In a class of devices called thermoelectric microbolometers the temperature sensor utilizes the Seebeck effect. Estimates of theoretical performance for a complete megapixel array are quite positive and the prototype single-pixel devices are under test. Superconducting electronics is a critical part of the signal acquisition chain. Three different types of SQUID-array amplifiers coupled to our detector pixels have been tested. The parameters of optimized SQUID-array preamplifiers is discussed. C1 USRA, NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Gulian, AM (reprint author), USRA, NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1231 EP 1234 DI 10.1109/77.919572 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 425HP UT WOS:000168285400289 ER PT J AU Ige, S Aized, D Curda, A Johnson, D Golda, M AF Ige, S Aized, D Curda, A Johnson, D Golda, M TI Test results of a demonstration HTS magnet for minesweeping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA DE AC modulation; conduction-cooled; HTS magnet; mine countermeasure AB American Superconductor completed building a demonstration HTS minesweeping magnet for airborne superconducting mine countermeasure system in December 1999. The demonstration magnet consisted of a single-layer HTS coil wound on a 457-mm G-10 mandrel and housed in a 560-mm diameter by 1.5-m long stainless steel vacuum vessel. It is conduction cooled with a two-stage cryocooler, It has a magnetic moment of 15 kAm(2). The magnet was successfully ramped up to 400 A at similar to 35 K. The magnet current was kept at 100 A for six hours without any voltage run-away, The magnet was also successfully tested for 50 % AC modulation (200 A to 400 A) with a trapezoidal current waveform. Experimental data from these tests are presented. C1 Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP Ige, S (reprint author), Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 2527 EP 2530 DI 10.1109/77.920380 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 425HR UT WOS:000168285600269 ER PT J AU Soulen, RJ Yuan, DW Francavilla, TL AF Soulen, RJ Yuan, DW Francavilla, TL TI High critical current density BSCCO-2212 tapes formed by a modified powder-in-tube method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA DE Bi-2212; critical current density; high T-c superconductivity ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; FABRICATION AB In this study, we fabricated monocore tapes of Bi-2212 imbedded In a silver sheath. We then fabricated multi-filamentary conductors by laminating several monocore tapes using a turkshead roller and a heat treatment. The conductors exhibit satisfactory structural integrity, and for short lengths, the critical current density at 4.2 K was as high as 93,000 A/cm(2) for a 7-filament conductor in a 5 T field perpendicular to the conductor surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soulen, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 2995 EP 2997 DI 10.1109/77.919692 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 425HV UT WOS:000168285900077 ER PT J AU Holtz, RL AF Holtz, RL TI Transverse mechanical properties of BSCCO/Ag multifilamentary tapes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA DE fatigue; high-temperature superconductors; stress; wire AB In a motor or magnet coil, the conductor experiences stresses both longitudinally and transversely to its length. Longitudinal tension is the most familiar stress configuration because of the well-known Lorentz force or hoop stress. Tension perpendicular to the flat face of a tape, termed c-axis tension, can result from Lorentz stresses in a potted pancake coil structure. While much is known about the response of multifilamentary BSCCO tapes to longitudinal tension, relatively little work has been done on the response to transverse stress. We report here measurements of the strength under c-axis tension at room temperature and 77K of multifilamentary BSCCO-2223 tape, and a 3-ply reinforced tape. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Holtz, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6323, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3238 EP 3241 DI 10.1109/77.919753 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 425HV UT WOS:000168285900137 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Reeves, ME Skelton, EF Kendziora, C AF Raphael, MP Reeves, ME Skelton, EF Kendziora, C TI Pressure dependence of the irreversibility line in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA DE pressure effects; flux dynamics; irreversibility line; High-T-c superconductor ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DIFFERENT OXYGEN STOICHIOMETRY; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; SURFACE BARRIERS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; DIMENSIONAL CROSSOVER; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHASE-DIAGRAM AB One of the important problems of high-temperature superconductivity is to understand and ultimately to control fluxoid motion. We present the results of a new technique for measuring the pressure dependence of the transition to superconductivity in a diamond anvil cell. By measuring the third harmonic of the ac susceptibility, we determine the onset of irreversible flux motion. This enables us to study the effects of pressure on flux motion. The application of pressure changes interplanar spacing, and hence the interplanar coupling, without significantly disturbing the intraplanar superconductivity. Thus we are able to separate the effects of coupling from other properties that might affect the flux motion. Our results directly show the relationship between lattice spacing, effective-mass anisotropy, and the irreversibility line in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta Our results also demonstrate that an application of 2.5 GPa pressure causes a four-fold decrease in the effective-mass anisotropy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3951 EP 3955 DI 10.1109/77.919942 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 425HV UT WOS:000168285900314 ER PT J AU Mishra, UK Zolper, JC AF Mishra, UK Zolper, JC TI Special issue on group III-N semiconductor electronics - Foreword SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mishra, UK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3 BP 405 EP 406 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 407CC UT WOS:000167253000001 ER PT J AU Binari, SC Ikossi, K Roussos, JA Kruppa, W Park, D Dietrich, HB Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL AF Binari, SC Ikossi, K Roussos, JA Kruppa, W Park, D Dietrich, HB Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL TI Trapping effects and microwave power performance in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE GaN; MERIT; heterojunction; microwave transistor; MODFET; trapping ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAN; BREAKDOWN; VOLTAGE; HFETS; BAND AB The dc, small-signal, and microwave power output characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are presented. A maximum drain current greater than 1 A/mm and a gate-drain breakdown voltage over 80V have been attained. For a 0.4 mum gate length, an f(T) of 30 GHz and an f(max) of 70 GHz have been demonstrated. Trapping effects, attributed to surface and buffer layers, and their relationship to microwave power performance are discussed, It is demonstrated that gate lag is related to surface trapping and drain current collapse is associated with the properties of the GaN buffer layer. Through a reduction of these trapping effects, a CW power density of 3.3 W/mm and a pulsed power density of 6.7 W/mm have been achieved at 3.8 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binari, SC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 387 Z9 404 U1 8 U2 70 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAR PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1109/16.906437 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 407CC UT WOS:000167253000012 ER PT J AU Hazel, GG AF Hazel, GG TI Object-level change detection in spectral imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE change detection; competitive region growth; object-level change detection (OLCD); Spatially Enhanced Broad-Band Array Spectrograph System (SEBASS); spectral image AB Multitemporal monitoring of sites using spectral imagery is addressed. A comprehensive architecture is presented for the detection of significant changes in scene composition described at the object level of spatial scale. An object-level scene description is obtained by applying a statistical spectral anomaly detector followed by a competitive region growth object extractor. The competitive region growth algorithm is derived as the solution to an approximate maximum likelihood (ML) image segmentation problem. Gaussian spectral clustering is used to model the scene background. A digital site model is constructed that contains image segmentation maps and extracted object features. Object-level change detection (OLCD) is accomplished by comparing objects extracted from a new image to objects recorded in the site model. A restricted implementation of the architecture is described and tested on long-wave infrared hyperspectral imagery. It is demonstrated that spectral OLCD can eliminate false alarms based on their multitemporal persistence. Incorporating multiple images in the site model is observed to improve OLCD performance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hazel, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.1109/36.911113 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 413TM UT WOS:000167628100008 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC AF Wang, GY Xia, XG Chen, VC TI Three-dimensional ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets using three receivers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ISAR imaging; maneuvering targets ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SAR; APERTURES AB The conventional ISAR image is a two-dimensional (2-D) projection of a three dimensional (3-D) object surface. The image (projection) plane is related to the motion of a target with respect to the line of radar sight (LOS). In general, the image plane and the image scale in the cross range direction can not be determined by the traditional ISAR system with one receiver unless the target motion knowledge is known. In this paper, we propose a new ISAR system with three receivers. Using the three-receiver ISAR system, 3-D images of maneuvering targets can be generated, where the knowledge of the target motion is not required. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, GY (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 24 TC 91 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 10 IS 3 BP 436 EP 447 DI 10.1109/83.908519 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 409QK UT WOS:000167394200009 PM 18249633 ER PT J AU Gramzinski, RA Doolan, DL Sedegah, M Davis, HL Krieg, AM Hoffman, SL AF Gramzinski, RA Doolan, DL Sedegah, M Davis, HL Krieg, AM Hoffman, SL TI Interleukin-12-and gamma interferon-dependent protection against malaria conferred by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide in mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-DNA; INNATE IMMUNITY; CELL ACTIVATION; NK CELLS; IN-VIVO; T-CELLS; MOTIFS; MURINE; INDUCTION; ADJUVANTS AB Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) cause B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion, monocyte cytokine secretion, and activation of natural killer (NK) cell lytic activity and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion in vivo and in vitro. The potent Th1-like immune activation by CpG ODNs suggests a possible utility for enhancing innate immunity against infectious pathogens. We therefore investigated whether the innate immune response could protect against malaria. Treatment of mice with CpG ODN 1826 (TCCATGA (CG) over bar TTCCTGA (CG) over bar, with the CpG dinucleotides underlined) or 1585 (ggGGTCAA (CG) over bar TTGAgggggG, with g representing diester linkages and phosphorothioate linkages being to the right of lowercase letters) in the absence of antigen 1 to 2 days prior to challenge with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites conferred sterile protection against infection. A higher level of protection was consistently induced by CPG ODN 1826 compared with CpG ODN 1585. The protective effects of both CpG ODNs were dependent on interleukin-12, as well as IFN-gamma. Moreover, CD8+ T cells (but not CD4+ T cells), NK cells, and nitric oxide were implicated in the CpG ODN 1585-induced protection. These data establish that the protective mechanism induced by administration of CpG ODN 1585 in the absence of parasite antigen is similar in nature to the mechanism induced by immunization with radiation-attenuated P. yoelii sporozoites or with plasmid DNA encoding preerythrocytic-stage P. yoelii antigens. We were unable to confirm whether CD8+ T cells, NK cells, or nitric oxide were required for the CpG ODN 1826-induced protection, but this may reflect differences in the potency of the ODNs rather than a real difference in the mechanism of action of the two ODNs. This is the first report that stimulation of the innate immune system by CpG immunostimulatory motifs can confer sterile protection against malaria. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ottawa Civic Hosp, Loeb Res Inst, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Hlth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Univ Iowa, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 38 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1643 EP 1649 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1643-1649.2001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 404GZ UT WOS:000167090200056 PM 11179339 ER PT J AU Wu, F Chen, L Wu, C Sun, FR Zhu, YH AF Wu, F Chen, L Wu, C Sun, FR Zhu, YH TI Optimization of irreversible magnetic Stirling cryocoolers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE irreversible; Stirling cycle; magnetic; low temperature; optimization ID THERMODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE AB This paper presents a model of irreversible magnetic Stirling (MST) cryocooler using paramagnetic material as the working substance. The relation between optimal cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP), the maximum cooling load and the corresponding COP, as well as the maximum COP and the corresponding cooling load of an irreversible MST cryocooler are derived. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. Wuhan Inst Chem Technol, Fac Phys, Wuhan 430073, Peoples R China. RP Wu, C (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0020-7225(00)00037-9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 396ZN UT WOS:000166668400002 ER PT J AU Yu, HY AF Yu, HY TI A concise treatment of indentation problems in transversely isotropic half-spaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Pan American Congress of Applied Mechanics (PANAM VI)/8th International Conference on Dynamic Problems in Mechanics (DINAME 99) CY JAN, 1999 CL PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIV, RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP Amer Acad Mech HO PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIV DE contact problems; point load; normal indentation; sliding contact; adhesive punch ID INCLUDING SLIDING FRICTION; ELASTIC FIELD; BOUSSINESQ PROBLEM; CONTACT PROBLEMS AB A concise treatment of a class of indentation problems in elastic transversely isotropic half-spaces is presented. The half-space is deformed either by a prescribed surface traction or by the indentation of a rigid punch that includes frictionless normal indentation, sliding contact and adhesive punch problems. The complete solution in the half-space is obtained by integrating the elastic displacement due to point loads with appropriate distribution functions over the contact area. The point load on the contact area is the linear superposition of the normal and tangential point forces, and the centers of compression. The point load distribution is the same as the: surface traction distribution, but for a sign difference and is either prescribed or determined from the surface deformation due to the indentation. The governing equations for the surface deformation and the surface traction are the same for the isotropic and the transversely isotropic half-spaces. For a given punch, the surface tractions on either half-spaces have the same spatial distribution but with different magnitudes. The profiles of the deformed boundary surfaces for either half-spaces are the same. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yu@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 10-13 BP 2213 EP 2232 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00163-3 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 400QJ UT WOS:000166882800038 ER PT J AU Maziak, W Mzayek, F Devereaux, AV AF Maziak, W Mzayek, F Devereaux, AV TI The dynamics of cigarette smoking during military service in Syria SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE smoking; military recruits; Syria ID ALEPPO-SYRIA; TOBACCO AB SETTING: Understanding the dynamics of smoking in different populations is important to be able to tackle this problem rationally. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey in a military school near Aleppo. Three groups of recruits were studied (total number of participants 596). The mean age of new draftees (group I) was 19.8 +/- 0.02 years, that of draftees after G months of service (group II) was 19.7 +/- 0.02 years, and that of draftees after 2 pears of service (group III) was 21 +/- 0.02 years. RESULTS: Current and daily smoking was observed among respectively 46.1% and 34.1% of participants. Daily smokers smoked 17.8 +/- 0.7 cigarettes per day. Within a 2-year interval, current smoking increased from 43.2% to 55.1% (P = 0.01), and daily consumption from 15 to 23.8 cigarettes/day (P < 0.001). Smoking among draftee groups I and II was compared with age-matched male university students (314 first year students aged 19.1 +/- 0.04 years and 262 third year students aged 21.3 +/- 0.05 years). Current smoking among recruits was higher at entry and after 2 years than that of age-matched civilians (P < 0.001), but the 2-year increase was not (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although military service in Syria is a scene of intensive smoking dynamics, it cannot be implicated in creating smokers. C1 Aleppo Sch Med, Aleppo, Syria. Aleppo Directorate Hlth, Aleppo, Syria. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Maziak, W (reprint author), Univ Muenster, Inst Epidemiol & Social Med, Domagstr 3, D-48149 Muenster, Germany. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 5 IS 3 BP 292 EP 296 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 426QF UT WOS:000168359300015 PM 11326830 ER PT J AU Simons, A AF Simons, A TI The dynamics of internal conflict SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Simons, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 25 IS 4 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1162/01622880151091934 PG 4 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 419MK UT WOS:000167952700006 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE AF Frazier, WE TI The qualification of metallic materials SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Point Mugu, CA 93042 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 53 IS 3 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s11837-001-0170-0 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 410MD UT WOS:000167443000002 ER PT J AU Frazier, WE Polakovics, D Koegel, W AF Frazier, WE Polakovics, D Koegel, W TI Qualifying of metallic materials and structures for aerospace applications SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Navy's certification and qualification process for materials and structures is undertaken to ensure the flight safety and full mission capability of naval aviation weapon systems. A building-block process is practiced in which validated engineering data and concepts provide the foundation for continued technological development and innovation. For example, prior to developing material-property standards, the manufacturing process is frozen and fully characterized. The customer's cost, schedule, and performance requirements must be carefully considered. Technologies are selected for immediate use or further R&D based upon a risk assessment that takes into account many factors, including technological maturity, lessons learned, the sponsor budget and schedule constraints, affordability, return on investment, and life-cycle cost impact. This paper explores the process that the navy uses to qualify its airframe alloys and structures. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Res & Engn Grp, Air Vehicle Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Frazier, WE (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Res & Engn Grp, Air Vehicle Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 53 IS 3 BP 16 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s11837-001-0171-z PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 410MD UT WOS:000167443000003 ER PT J AU Kozol, J AF Kozol, J TI An environmentally safe and effective paint removal process for aircraft SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB To reduce hazardous waste from fleet and depot aircraft paint stripping and to conform to regulations banning toxic chemical paint strippers, the U.S. Naval Air Systems Team (materials division, depots, and headquarters) teamed with the U.S. Air Force at Warner Robins Air Logistics Center for concept development, characterization, and demonstration of a mature, advanced paint-removal system, the Boeing xenon/flashlamp CO2 (Flashjet(R)) process. Extensive metallic and composite-materials testing was conducted. This paper describes the development and characterization program leading to authorization of the process for use on fixed-wing navy aircraft. C1 Naval Air Syst Command, Div Mat, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Kozol, J (reprint author), Naval Air Syst Command, Div Mat, 48066 Shaw Rd,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 53 IS 3 BP 20 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s11837-001-0172-y PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 410MD UT WOS:000167443000004 ER PT J AU Carr, LW Chandrasekhara, MS Wilder, MC Noonan, KW AF Carr, LW Chandrasekhara, MS Wilder, MC Noonan, KW TI Effect of compressibility on suppression of dynamic stall using a slotted airfoil SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 12-15, 1998 CL RENO, NEVADA AB A multielement airfoil designed for helicopter application has been tested for compressible dynamic stall behavior and has been proven to he a robust dynamic stall-free concept. This slotted airfoil has operated into poststall areas without the dynamic stall vortex that is normally present whenever airfoils are tested beyond their static stall boundary. Point diffraction interferogram images of the dynamic flow over the airfoil are presented, showing details of the flow development during the oscillation cycle, and instantaneous pressure distributions on the airfoil and slat during dynamic airfoil motion are included. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, USA Aviat & Missile Command, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, NASA, Joint Inst Aeronaut,Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Eloret, Sunnyvale, CA USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, USA Aviat & Missile Command, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Carr, LW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, USA Aviat & Missile Command, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 296 EP 309 DI 10.2514/2.2762 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 420KR UT WOS:000168004600013 ER PT J AU Campillo, AL Hsu, JWP White, CA Rosenberg, A AF Campillo, AL Hsu, JWP White, CA Rosenberg, A TI Mapping the optical intensity distribution in photonic crystals using a near-field scanning optical microscope SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE; WAVE-GUIDES; TRIANGULAR-LATTICE; TRANSMISSION; SYSTEMS; PROBE; BENDS AB A near-field optical microscope (NSOM) is used in collection mode to map the optical intensity distribution inside channel glass photonic crystal samples. The intensity distribution at wavelengths spanning the fundamental transmission minimum (i.e., the fundamental photonic band gap) was studied. The dependence of the NSOM signal on tip-sample separation allows us to confirm that the NSOM is probing the evanescent tail of the light confined to the crystal. At a given wavelength, NSOM images of low-index-contrast unetched samples, consisting of glass cylinders in a matrix of a different glass material, show bands of high and low optical intensity. The spacings of these bands are comparable to the cylinder separation, but display a nontrivial wavelength dependence. We show that these results can be explained by interference between incoming and reflected light inside the photonic crystal. Based on this, we can then determine dispersion relations of the photonic crystal modes directly from the NSOM images. Our experimental results are consistent with the calculated dispersion relations of the lowest order photonic crystal modes with no adjustable parameters. In addition we show an example where the NSOM images reflect the variation in coupling due to sample features rather than the guided mode structures. Based on these results, we discuss possible improvements in photonic crystal design for NSOM studies. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Campillo, AL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM Campillo@lucent.com; jhsu@lucent.com RI White, Christopher/B-7390-2009 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 5 BP 2801 EP 2807 DI 10.1063/1.1343898 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 404ZP UT WOS:000167133000048 ER PT J AU Bishop, J AF Bishop, J TI Thermospheric atomic hydrogen densities and fluxes from dayside Lyman alpha measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermospheric composition; ultraviolet airglow; upper atmospheric remote sensing ID MESOSPHERIC HYDROGEN; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; MODEL; ESCAPE; EMISSIONS; DEUTERIUM; TRANSPORT; AIRGLOW AB Knowledge of the atomic hydrogen density profile ([H](z)) in the upper atmosphere is important both for studies of mesospheric-lower thermospheric (MLT) chemistry and for determining upper thermospheric-lower exospheric densities needed for realistic modeling of geocoronal density and ballistic flux distributions. Early work is reviewed and the sparseness of relevant data on the variation of [H] with altitude is emphasized. While optical measurements (e.g., of Lyman alpha) constitute the most practical approach currently available, data analysis requires radiative transport (RT) modeling and [H](z) retrieval is effectively limited to obtaining values for a small number of modeling parameters. The key physical parameters of interest are the exobase density [H](c), the photochemically initiated upward flux phi, and the density at the mesospheric peak [H](peak). This paper discusses RT-modeling analysis of dayside Lyman alpha disk-to-limb scanning intensity (4 piI) measurements couched in terms of these parameters, aided by the use of a physically motivated parametric model for thermospheric [H](z) overcoming MSIS limitations at MLT altitudes. Illustrative sensitivity study results under solar maximum conditions are presented. The mesospheric density peak directly impacts 4 piI profiles over a wide range of dayside solar zenith angles under such conditions. While mild difficulties in unraveling [H](peak) and phi in retrieval efforts may arise, analysis of dayside Lyman a 4 piI disk-to-limb scanning data expected from several future satellite FUV instruments should permit determination of [H](c) and phi over much of the dayside. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Bishop, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7643,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 4 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00211-X PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405KE UT WOS:000167157900004 ER PT J AU Bishop, J Harlander, J Nossal, S Roesler, FL AF Bishop, J Harlander, J Nossal, S Roesler, FL TI Analysis of Balmer alpha intensity measurements near solar minimum SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nightside airglow; thermospheric composition; upper atmospheric remote sensing; geocorona ID EXOSPHERIC HYDROGEN DENSITY; LYMAN-ALPHA; LINE-PROFILES; THERMOSPHERIC HYDROGEN; PIONEER-VENUS; RING-CURRENT; CYCLE; GEOCORONA; DEUTERIUM; EMISSION AB Balmer a intensity measurements made with a dual etalon Fabry-Perot spectrometer at Haleakala during two campaigns in 1988 are presented. The data from each campaign demonstrate night-to-night stability, despite variations in geophysical conditions. Analysis of these data using a nonisothermal Lyman beta radiative transport code, updated solar Lyman beta line-center flux estimates, and corrected thermospheric atomic hydrogen density profiles points to the resolution of the "factor of 2" problem. A careful reassessment of other mechanisms for upper atmospheric Balmer a excitation has also been carried out. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. St Cloud State Univ, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Bishop, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7643,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 4 BP 341 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00212-1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405KE UT WOS:000167157900005 ER PT J AU Plunkett, SP Thompson, BJ St Cyr, OC Howard, RA AF Plunkett, SP Thompson, BJ St Cyr, OC Howard, RA TI Solar source regions of coronal mass ejections and their geomagnetic effects SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics (IUGG) CY JUL 27-28, 1999 CL UNIV BIRMINGHAM, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys HO UNIV BIRMINGHAM DE coronal mass ejections; solar activity; geomagnetic activity ID MAGNETIC STORMS 1978-1979; FLARE MYTH; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; EIT OBSERVATIONS; SMM OBSERVATIONS; SOHO; MISSION; SPEEDS; EVENTS; EARTH AB It is generally accepted that the fast interplanetary manifestations of coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are the major solar drivers of many space weather phenomena, including large, non-recurrent geomagnetic storms and solar energetic particle events. High-quality synoptic observations of the solar corona, as carried out by the EIT and LASCO experiments on SOHO, provide near real-time imaging of CMEs from the base of the corona out to a projected distance of 30R(circle dot) (R-circle dot is the solar radius). The average characteristics of CMEs observed by LASCO are similar to those from earlier coronagraphs. Most CMEs travel with approximately constant speed through the LASCO field of view. However, a significant number accelerate as they move outward, and some fast events have been observed to decelerate. LASCO has observed a great deal of internal structure in many CMEs. Concave-outward structures that are interpreted as magnetic flux ropes are observed in approximately one third of all events. Complex structures are often observed in the trailing portions of CMEs. Halo CMEs, many of which are very faint, can be routinely observed with LASCO. Extreme-ultraviolet (EW) images of the low corona and solar disk, as recorded by EIT, reveal a complex web of CME signatures. These include large-scale waves in the inner corona associated with CMEs, extended regions of depleted EW intensity, and bright arcades that form following the occurrence of a CME. The combination of LASCO and EIT imagery allows the source regions of halo CMEs to be identified, and can be used to help predict the occurrence of geomagnetic disturbances several days in advance. The most important parameters in determining the geoeffectiveness of an ICME are the magnetic field strength and direction, and the speed of the disturbance. The most intense geomagnetic storms are associated with strong and persistent southward fields, either within the ICME itself or in the compressed sheath of solar wind plasma ahead of it. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Computat Phys Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Plunkett, SP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Bldg 26,Room G-1,Mail Code 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 63 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 5 BP 389 EP 402 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00166-8 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 422HV UT WOS:000168113200002 ER PT J AU Chen, G Davis, D Crawford, J Heikes, B O'Sullivan, D Lee, M Eisele, F Mauldin, L Tanner, D Collins, J Barrick, J Anderson, B Blake, D Bradshaw, J Sandholm, S Carroll, M Albercook, G Clarke, A AF Chen, G Davis, D Crawford, J Heikes, B O'Sullivan, D Lee, M Eisele, F Mauldin, L Tanner, D Collins, J Barrick, J Anderson, B Blake, D Bradshaw, J Sandholm, S Carroll, M Albercook, G Clarke, A TI An assessment of HOx chemistry in the tropical Pacific boundary layer: Comparison of model simulations with observations recorded during PEM tropics A SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydroxyl radical; marine boundary layer; peroxides; photochemistry; tropical Pacific ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPOSPHERIC NOX; NORTH PACIFIC; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MARINE AIR; OZONE; OH; CLOUD AB Reported are the results from a comparison of OH, H2O2CH3OOH, and O-3 observations with model predictions based on current HOx-CH4 reaction mechanisms. The field observations are those recorded during the NASA GTE field program, PEM-Tropics A. The major focus of this paper is on those data generated on the NASA P-3B aircraft during a mission flown in the marine boundary layer (MBL) near Christmas Island, a site located in the central equatorial Pacific (i.e., 2 degrees N, 157 degrees W). Taking advantage of the stability of the southeastern trade-winds, an air parcel was sampled in a Lagrangian mode over a significant fraction of a solar day. Analyses of these data revealed excellent agreement between model simulated and observed OH. In addition, the model simulations reproduced the major features in the observed diurnal profiles of H2O2 and CH3OOH. In the case of O-3, the model captured the key observational feature which involved an early morning maximum. An examination of the MBL HOx budget indicated that the O(D-1) + H2O reaction is the major source of HOx while the major sinks involve both physical and chemical processes involving the peroxide species, H2O2 and CH3OOH. Overall, the generally good agreement between model and observations suggests that our current understanding of HOx-CH4 chemistry in the tropical MBL is quite good; however, there remains a need to critically examine this chemistry when both CH2O and HO2 are added to the species measured. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 3 BP 317 EP 344 DI 10.1023/A:1006402626288 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 410JA UT WOS:000167435800004 ER PT J AU He, JK Hayes, CG Binn, LN Seriwatana, J Vaughn, DW Kuschner, RA Innis, BL AF He, JK Hayes, CG Binn, LN Seriwatana, J Vaughn, DW Kuschner, RA Innis, BL TI Hepatitis E virus DNA vaccine elicits immunologic memory in mice SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; hepatitis E virus; memory, immunologic ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; PLASMID DNA; IMMUNIZATION; RESPONSES; INDUCTION; MYOTUBES; MUSCLE; ENTRY AB Injection of an expression vector pJHEV containing hepatitis E virus (HEV) structural protein open reading frame 2 gene generates a strong antibody response in BALB/c mice that can bind to and agglutinate HEV. In this study, we tested for immunologic memory in immunized mice whose current levels of IgG to HEV were low or undetectable despite 3 doses of HEV DNA vaccine 18 months earlier. Mice previously vaccinated with vector alone were controls. AII mice were administered a dose of HEV DNA vaccine to simulate an infectious challenge with HEV. The endpoint was IgG to HEV determined by ELISA. Ten days after the vaccine dose, 5 of 9 mice previously immunized with HEV DNA vaccine had a slight increase in IgG to HEV. By 40 days after the vaccine dose, the level of IgG to HEV had increased dramatically in all 9 mice (108-fold increase in geometric mean titer). In contrast, no control mice became seropositive. These results indicate that mice vaccinated with 3 doses of HEV DNA vaccine retain immunologic memory. In response to a small antigenic challenge delivered as DNA, possibly less than delivered by a human infective dose of virus, mice with memory were able to generate high levels of antibody in less time than the usual incubation period of hepatitis E. We speculate that this type of response could protect a human from overt disease. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP He, JK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1021-7770 J9 J BIOMED SCI JI J. Biomed. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 DI 10.1159/000054036 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 413XT UT WOS:000167637400010 PM 11287754 ER PT J AU Gould, RW Arnone, RA Sydor, M AF Gould, RW Arnone, RA Sydor, M TI Absorption, scattering; and remote-sensing reflectance relationships in coastal waters: Testing a new inversion algorithm SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; reflectance; optics; absorption coefficient; scattering coefficient; ocean optics; coastal remote sensing ID INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; OCEANIC WATERS; PHYTOPLANKTON ABSORPTION; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; SPECTRA; COLOR; COEFFICIENT; MODEL; NM; ATTENUATION AB In-water absorption and scattering coefficients, and above-water remote-sensing reflectance are tightly linked and, in coastal waters, exhibit unique spectral characteristics at near-infrared wavelengths. The surface-reflectance is uncoupled from the total, measured reflectance, the corrected remote sensing reflectance is calculated by difference, then the absorption and scattering coefficients are estimated using a new inversion algorithm. The surface correction and inversion algorithms are based on a reflectance difference at 715-735 nm. At these wavelengths, total absorption is due primarily to pure water absorption, and the reflected sky/cloud light and backscattering spectra are nearly flat. Required algorithm parameters, and ultimately the corrected remote sensing reflectance spectra and spectral absorption and scattering estimates, can be refined if in situ measurements of absorption at 412 nm and spectral scattering shape are available. The coupled surface correction/inversion algorithms were tested using data from 14 experiments at five U.S. coastal locations collected over a three-year period and representing a variety of absorption and scattering regimes. The average errors between measured and modeled absorption and scattering coefficients over the 400-700 nm wavelength range were 14.6% and 3.0%, respectively (without regard to sign). C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Applicat Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Gould, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Applicat Branch, Code 7343, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 328 EP 341 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 443AJ UT WOS:000169316900007 ER PT J AU Whitford, DJ AF Whitford, DJ TI Predicting the depth, across-channel location, and speed variability of tidal current core maxima at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP); estuaries; current meter ID SEA-LEVEL; ESTUARY AB Reasonable prediction of the depth, across-channel location, and speed variability of tidal current core maxima at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay can be determined to first order without an extensive deployment of current meters. Fourteen tidal current data sets were acquired with a shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) on track lines across the Bay mouth. Data sets were representative of fortnightly tidal range variation (spring, neap, and transitional), as well as semi-diurnal tidal current cycle phases (ebb, flood, and slack) for the months of June and September in four different years. Data indicated tidal current maxima were contained within a narrow jet-like core with a horizontal scale of O(1-2 km) and vertical scale of O(10 m). The depth, across-channel location, and speed of the maxima varied with the semi-diurnal tidal current cycle phase, and to a much lesser extent, with the fortnightly variation of tidal range. This temporal variability is modeled by least squares using a sinusoidal function, related to the dominant tidal current harmonic constituent, and a third-degree polynomial curve fit. Prediction algorithms from both models result in correlation coefficients for depth (0.95), across-channel location (0.97), and speed (0.93). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tidal current tables had a speed correlation coefficient of only 0.79 when matched to observations. Comparison correlation coefficients for depth and across-channel location from NOAA tidal current tables could not be determined since the tables do not provide this information. This method provides a first-order, empirical means for predicting the depth, across-channel location, and speed variability of tidal current core maxima under conditions of similar atmospheric forcing and freshwater input without long-term deployment of current meters at multiple depths and locations. The method is not site-specific. Therefore, it may be applied at other locations and could be especially beneficial to estuaries where there are no tidal current meters or published tidal current information. C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Whitford, DJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 420 EP 430 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 443AJ UT WOS:000169316900017 ER PT J AU Tolstoy, A Smith, K Maltsev, N AF Tolstoy, A Smith, K Maltsev, N TI The SWAM'99 Workshop - An overview SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACOUSTICS AB The SWAM'99 (Shallow Water Acoustic Modeling, 1999) workshop on the topic of benchmarking shallow water range-dependent propagation modeling was held in Monterey CA in September 1999.(a) No specific benchmarks were generated. Rather, each participant offered his (her) Transmission Loss curves for comparison with other results. This overview article will: discuss the six (6) test cases; discuss each individual's contribution to this benchmarking effort (see the associated articles in this Special issue for full details); conclude with suggestions for future efforts. C1 ATolstoy Sci, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. MVM Int, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. RP Tolstoy, A (reprint author), ATolstoy Sci, 8610 Battailles Court, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 434GD UT WOS:000168806000001 ER PT J AU Smith, KB AF Smith, KB TI Convergence, stability, and variability of shallow water acoustic predictions using, a split-step Fourier parabolic equation model SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Shallow Water Acoustic Modeling (SWAM'99) CY SEP, 1999 CL MONTEREY, CA ID SPEED OCEAN-BOTTOM; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; ALGORITHM; APPROXIMATION; DENSITY AB The Shallow Water Acoustic Modeling (SWAM'99) Workshop was organized to examine the ability of various acoustic propagation models to accurately predict sound transmission in a variety of shallow water environments designed with realistic perturbations. In order to quantify this, tests of reciprocity, convergence, and stability must be considered. This paper presents the results of an established parabolic equation model based on the split-step Fourier algorithm. The test cases examined in this paper include a simple isospeed water column over a hat bottom with geoacoustic parameter variations, a randomly sloping bottom with geoacoustic parameter variations, and a canonical shallow water profile perturbed by internal waves over a flat, homogeneous bottom. Source configurations were generally held constant but numerous single frequency and broadband runs were performed. Model testing is emphasized with specific criteria for accurate solutions being specified. Random perturbations are added to one test case to examine the influence of environmental uncertainty on the details of the propagation. The results indicate that point-wise accurate solutions to the acoustic field in shallow water cannot be achieved beyond a few kilometers. This is partly due to the inaccuracies of the split-step Fourier algorithm employed in these shallow water scenarios and the treatment of the bottom interface boundary conditions, but also due to the inherent variability caused by uncertain environmental specification. Thus, more general features of the acoustic field should be emphasized at longer ranges. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM kevin@physics.nps.navy.mil NR 27 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-396X EI 1793-6489 J9 J COMPUT ACOUST JI J. Comput. Acoust. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 243 EP 285 DI 10.1142/S0218396X01000401 PG 43 WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Acoustics; Mathematics GA 434GD UT WOS:000168806000013 ER PT J AU Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Culbertson, JC Twigg, ME AF Koleske, DD Wickenden, AE Henry, RL Culbertson, JC Twigg, ME TI GaN decomposition in H-2 and N-2 at MOVPE temperatures and pressures SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE decomposition; desorption; grain size; growth; metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; gallium nitride ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROUP-III NITRIDES; PHASE EPITAXY; THERMAL-STABILITY; THIN-FILMS; DISLOCATION DENSITY; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; NUCLEATION LAYERS; GALLIUM NITRIDE AB GaN decomposition rates were measured in H-2, N-2, and mixed H-2 and N-2 flows for pressures and temperatures typically encountered in metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The rates for GaN decomposition, Ga desorption, and Ga droplet accumulation, were obtained from weight measurements before and after annealing the GaN films in a close-spaced showerhead reactor. In Hz at constant temperature, the GaN decomposition rate is enhanced when the reactor pressure is greater than 100 Torr. Unlike H-2, the decomposition rate in N-2 did not change as a function of pressure. The enhanced GaN decomposition rate in H-2 is not due to an increase in the Ga desorption rate, which is constant vs. pressure, but instead is due to H-2 dissociation on the surface followed by NH3 formation and desorption. NH3 formation is suggested by the cubic decrease in the GaN decomposition rate as N-2 is substituted for H-2. The measured activation energies, E-A, for the GaN decomposition range from 0.34 to 3.62 eV and depend strongly on the annealing conditions. By comparing measured and literature values of the E-A, four distinct groupings of the E-A are observed. The four distinct groupings of the E-A imply that there are possibly four different reactions which limit the GaN decomposition rate. Connections between the GaN decomposition and improved GaN growth are discussed. This includes a discussion of changes that occur in the nucleation layer during the ramp from low to high temperature, as well as increases in GaN grain size as the growth pressure is increased. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Adv Mat Synth, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koleske, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Lab Adv Mat Synth, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Code 6800, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 82 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 9 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 2001 VL 223 IS 4 BP 466 EP 483 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)00617-0 PG 18 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 415UA UT WOS:000167740900005 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Uchino, K Viehland, D AF Chen, YH Uchino, K Viehland, D TI Substituent effects in 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O-3-0.35PbTiO(3) piezoelectric ceramic SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE PMN-PT; substituents; dielectric and electromechanical properties ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; VIBRATION-LEVEL; TITANATE AB Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) ceramics with base compositions close to the morphotropic phase boundary are potential materials for many applications such as transducers and actuators due to their high dielectric constants and electromechanical coupling factors. However, their dielectrical and mechanical losses are too high for high-power applications. In this pager, the dielectric and electromechanical properties of piezoelectric PMN-PT ceramics were investigated in specimens containing various A-site and B-site substituents with the goal of developing lower loss materials for wider applications. Emphasis was placed on various transition metal cation substituents of both lower and higher valences. Mn substituent was found to be the most promising substituent investigated for developing high power low loss piezoelectric PMN-PT ceramics. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02835 USA. RP Chen, YH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1023/A:1011413518237 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 432VK UT WOS:000168716300002 ER PT J AU Stahlbush, RE Macfarlane, PJ AF Stahlbush, RE Macfarlane, PJ TI Light emission from interface traps and bulk defects in SiC MOSFETs SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SiC; MOSFETs; light emission AB Images and spectra of light emission have been observed in 4H and 6H SiC n-type MOSFETs originating from electron-hole recombination at interface traps and from the bulk under the channel. Low mobility and high interface trap density impedes the flow of electrons into the channel. Its time evolution was imaged. It is slower in 4H than in 6H MOSFETs due to the lower channel mobility and higher interface trap density in the former. Emission images reveal triangular shaped 3C inclusions and these defects were found to alter the formation of the inversion layer. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stahlbush, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s11664-001-0014-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 408BR UT WOS:000167307100014 ER PT J AU Stander, VA Hsiung, PC MacDermid, S AF Stander, VA Hsiung, PC MacDermid, S TI The relationship of attributions to marital distress: A comparison of mainland Chinese and US couples SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Family-Relations CY NOV 08-10, 1996 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP Natl Council Family Relat ID UNITED-STATES; CAUSAL ATTRIBUTIONS; MARRIED-COUPLES; HONG-KONG; RESPONSIBILITY; AMERICAN; EVENTS; INDIVIDUALISM; CULTURES; ACCOUNTS AB Research on attribution theory has focused on a number of different social contexts. Close personal relationships and marriage in particular have been investigated widely. Cross-cultural differences in attribution patterns have also been explored, although mostly in relation to academic achievement or employment. This article focused on cross-cultural variations in marital attributions. Thirty-six couples from the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) and 32 couples from the United States (U.S.) were included. Marital attributions were correlated with marital distress for both groups. However, the P.R.C. spouses tended to report more relationship-enhancing causal attributions than did U.S. spouses. There were also some differences in attributions of responsibility and blame across cultures. These findings are discussed in relationship to current marital attribution theory. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Child Dev & Family Studies, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stander, VA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI MacDermid Wadsworth, Shelley/G-1322-2011; OI MacDermid Wadsworth, Shelley/0000-0002-5443-2760; Hsiung, Ping-Chuan/0000-0003-3522-5798 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0893-3200 J9 J FAM PSYCHOL JI J. Fam. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1037//0893-3200.15.1.124 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 472AY UT WOS:000170961900009 PM 11322080 ER PT J AU Stevens, MH AF Stevens, MH TI The EUV airglow of Titan: Production and loss of N-2 c '(4)(0)-X SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ELECTRON-IMPACT; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; VOYAGER-1 ENCOUNTER; MEDIUM-RESOLUTION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; CROSS-SECTIONS; SOLAR EUV; EMISSION; DAYGLOW AB The N-2 Carroll-Yoshino (CY)c'(4) - X (0,0) and (0,1) Rydberg bands between 95 and 99 nm were reported to be the most prominent EUV emission features in Voyager 1 ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS) airglow spectra from Titan's atmosphere. Although c'(4) is strongly excited by photoelectron impact, the (0,0) band is optically thick near peak production, so a multiple-scattering model is employed to calculate (0, upsilon") nadir-viewing intensities. The model accounts for all known loss processes and quantifies the redistribution of photons to (0,upsilon" > 0). Results show 7.6 R of (0,1) intensity, in agreement with reported observations (5-10 R), and 0.2 R of (0,0), in spectacular disagreement with reported observations (6-10 R). Nadir-viewing intensities of all other expected NI multiplets and N-2 bands in the brightest portion of the EUV airglow spectrum (92.0-101.5 nm) are also calculated using photodissociative ionization of N-2 and photoelectron impact on N-2. It is found that NI multiplets and N-2 bands near (0,0) and unresolved by the UVS combine to produce 8.3 R, consistent with that reported for (0,0) and indicating that it was misidentified in previous analyses. The Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) on Cassini should unambiguously distinguish any (0,0) intensity from the brightest features nearby. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stevens, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A3 BP 3685 EP 3689 DI 10.1029/1999JA000329 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 407GN UT WOS:000167264000007 ER PT J AU Fahroo, F Ross, IM AF Fahroo, F Ross, IM TI Costate estimation by a Legendre pseudospectral method SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; COLLOCATION AB We present a Legendre pseudospectral method for directly estimating the costates of the Bolza problem encountered in optimal control theory. The method is based on calculating the state and control variables at the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto (LGL) points. An Nth degree Lagrange polynomial approximation of these variables allows a conversion of the optimal control problem into a standard nonlinear programming (NLP) problem with the st ate and control values at the LGL points as optimization parameters. By applying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) theorem to the NLP problem, we show that the KKT multipliers satisfy a discrete analog of the costate dynamics including the transversality conditions. Indeed, we prove that the costates at the LGL points are equal to the KKT multipliers divided by the LGL weights. Hence, the direct solution by this method also automatically yields the costates by way of the Lagrange multipliers that can be extracted from an NLP solver. One important advantage of this technique is that it allows a very simple way to check the optimality of the direct solution. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the method. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Code Ma Ff, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM imross@nps.navy.mil NR 25 TC 165 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 270 EP 277 DI 10.2514/2.4709 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 410WA UT WOS:000167463000011 ER PT J AU Kang, W Sparks, A Banda, S AF Kang, W Sparks, A Banda, S TI Coordinated control of multisatellite systems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITES AB The problem of formation and reconfiguration of multiple microsatellite systems is addressed. A control scheme called the perceptive frame is adopted that integrates the decentralized feedback of each satellite with online sensor information to achieve the goal of formation keeping and intersatellite coordination. The proposed design algorithm has the advantage of relative position keeping and easy formation reconfiguration. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 24 IS 2 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.2514/2.4720 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 410WA UT WOS:000167463000021 ER PT J AU Barbu, V Sritharan, SS AF Barbu, V Sritharan, SS TI Flow invariance preserving feedback controllers for the Navier-Stokes equation SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE control of fluid flow; control of information dynamics; Navier-Stokes equation; turbulence control; nonsmooth analysis; maximal monotone operators; M-accretive operators; nonlinear semigroups; flow invariance; state constraints; quantum field theory ID FLUID AB In this paper we develop a concrete procedure fur designing feedback controllers to ensure that the resultant dynamics of turbulence will preserve certain prescribed physical constraints. Examples of such constraints include, in particular, the level sets of well known invariants of the inviscid how such as helicity. We also bring to light a certain m-accretivity property of suitable quantization of the nonlinearity in the Navier-Stokes equation and utilize the theory of nonlinear semigroups to resolve the controlled Navier-Stokes inclusion with a multi-valued feedback term. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Iasi, Iasi, Romania. USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Barbu, V (reprint author), Univ Iasi, Iasi, Romania. OI Sritharan, Sivaguru/0000-0003-2845-332X NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 255 IS 1 BP 281 EP 307 DI 10.1006/jmaa.2000.7256 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 404TW UT WOS:000167118500017 ER PT J AU Miller, RJ George, JE Guerrero, F Carpenter, L Welch, JB AF Miller, RJ George, JE Guerrero, F Carpenter, L Welch, JB TI Characterization of acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari : Ixodidae) collected from the Corozal Army Veterinary Quarantine Center, Panama SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown dog tick; kennel tick; permethrin; coumaphos; fipronil; amitraz AB Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) were collected from the Corozal Army Veterinary Quarantine Center in Panama and characterized for resistance to live classes of acaricides. These ticks were highly resistant to permethrin, DDT, and coumaphos; moderately resistant to amitraz; and not resistant to fipronil when compared with susceptible strains. Resistance to both permethrin and DDT may result from a mutation of the sodium channel. However, synergist studies indicate that enzyme activity is involved. The LC50 estimate for permethrin was lowered further in the Panamanian strain then in susceptible strains with the addition of triphenylphosphate (TPP), but not with the addition of piperonyl butoxide (PBO). This suggests that esterases and not oxidases are responsible for at least some pyrethroid resistance. Elevated esterase activity and its inhibition by TPP were confirmed by native gel electrophoresis. The LC50 estimate obtained for coumaphos in the Panamanian strain was not lowered further than what was observed for susceptible strains by the addition of TPP or PBO. This indicates that enzyme activity might not be involved in coumaphos resistance. Resistance to amitraz was measured through a modification of the Food and Agriculture Organization Larval Packet Test. All tick strains were found to Le susceptible to fipronil. C1 ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Miller, RJ (reprint author), USN, Dis Vector Ecol Control Ctr, 19950 7th Ave NE,Suite 201, Poulsbo, WA 98370 USA. NR 11 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.298 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 414CV UT WOS:000167649100027 PM 11296838 ER PT J AU Li, BS Ma, W Zhang, L Barker, JL Stenger, DA Pant, HC AF Li, BS Ma, W Zhang, L Barker, JL Stenger, DA Pant, HC TI Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) and extracellular regulated kinases (Erk1/2) is involved in muscarinic receptor-mediated DNA synthesis in neural progenitor cells SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE progenitor cell; proliferation; muscarinic receptors; phosphorylation; protein kinase-B; MAP kinase ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE; MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BETA-GAMMA-SUBUNITS; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-3-OH KINASE; TYROSINE KINASES; PRECURSOR CELLS AB Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), a member of the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) gene superfamily, has been shown to mediate the effects of acetylcholine on differentiation and proliferation in the CNS. However, the mechanism or mechanisms whereby mAChRs regulate cell proliferation remain poorly understood. Here we show that in vitro bFGF-expanded neural progenitor cells dissociated from rat cortical neuroepithelium express muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype mRNAs. We demonstrate that stimulation of these mAChRs with carbachol, a muscarinic agonist, activated extracellular-regulated kinases (Erk1/2) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K). This, in turn, stimulated DNA synthesis in neural progenitor cells. MEK inhibitor PD98059 and PI-3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 inhibited a carbachol-induced increase in DNA synthesis. These findings indicate that the activation of both PI-3 kinase and MEK signaling pathways via muscarinic receptors is involved in stimulating DNA synthesis in the neural progenitor cells during early neurogenesis. C1 NINDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Behav & Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pant, HC (reprint author), NINDS, Neurochem Lab, NIH, Bldg 36,Room 4D20,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 61 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1579 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 404YG UT WOS:000167129700019 PM 11222647 ER PT J AU Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA AF Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA TI Shared cognition - Special issue preface SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Cannon-Bowers, JA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0894-3796 J9 J ORGAN BEHAV JI J. Organ. Behav. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 22 SI SI BP 87 EP 88 DI 10.1002/job.97 PG 2 WC Business; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 414DT UT WOS:000167651200001 ER PT J AU Smith-Jentsch, KA Campbell, GE Milanovich, DM Reynolds, AM AF Smith-Jentsch, KA Campbell, GE Milanovich, DM Reynolds, AM TI Measuring teamwork mental models to support training needs assessment, development, and evaluation: two empirical studies SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB The present paper reports data from two studies that utilized a card sorting approach to measuring mental model similarity in naturalistic training environments. Results from the first study indicated that higher ranking navy personnel held mental models of teamwork that were more similar to an empirically derived model of expert team performance than lower ranking personnel. Furthermore, comparisons of mental model similarity within groups of high and low ranking trainees and within groups of high and low experience trainees indicated greater similarity between those of higher rank and between those with greater experience. The second study tested the effects of a computer-based training (CBT) strategy that was designed to develop teamwork mental models that were more similar to the 'expert model' described in Study 1. Using the same card sorting approach, positive training effects were demonstrated on similarity to the expert model, similarity to other trainees, and consistency. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Smith-Jentsch, KA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Air 4961,12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 16 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0894-3796 J9 J ORGAN BEHAV JI J. Organ. Behav. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 22 SI SI BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1002/job.88 PG 16 WC Business; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 414DT UT WOS:000167651200008 ER PT J AU Cannon-Bowers, JA Salas, E AF Cannon-Bowers, JA Salas, E TI Reflections on shared cognition SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID TEAM AB The purpose of this paper is to highlight several fundamental questions that remain regarding shared cognition: (1) What must be 'shared'? (2) What does 'shared' mean? (3) How should 'shared' be measured? and (4) What outcomes do we expect shared cognition to affect? A general and integrative description of these questions is provided. In addition, the value of shared cognition is discussed along with recommendations for future research. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Cannon-Bowers, JA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 9 TC 253 Z9 263 U1 16 U2 48 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0894-3796 J9 J ORGAN BEHAV JI J. Organ. Behav. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 22 SI SI BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1002/job.82 PG 8 WC Business; Psychology, Applied; Management SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 414DT UT WOS:000167651200009 ER PT J AU Muldoon, MP Padgett, DE Sweet, DE Deuster, PA Mack, GR AF Muldoon, MP Padgett, DE Sweet, DE Deuster, PA Mack, GR TI Femoral neck stress fractures and metabolic bone disease SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; histomorphometry; metabolic bone disease; stress fractures; trace minerals ID OSTEOPOROSIS; MAGNESIUM; RECRUITS; TRAINEES; DENSITY; ZINC AB Objective: To determine whether metabolic bone disease plays a role in the cause of femoral neck stress fractures. Study Design: Twenty-three patients with femoral neck stress fractures were enrolled prospectively in the study. Examination included computed tomography bone densitometry, trace mineral analysis, and histomorphometric analysis of the iliac crest in thirteen patients who underwent surgical treatment of their stress fractures. A control group of fifteen patients undergoing iliac crest bone grafting for scaphoid nonunions underwent similar examinations. Setting: Tertiary military medical center. Results: Patients with femoral neck stress fractures had lower bone mineral density than did control patients (p = 0.010), but no trace mineral deficiencies or consistent histomorphometric differences were noted. Conclusions: Bone mineral density is decreased in patients with femoral neck stress fractures. Despite observations of decreased bone mineral density in the stress fracture group, osteoporosis, as determined by histomorphometry, is not a consistent Ending. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Hosp Special Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Muldoon, MP (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Code AVA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1097/00005131-200103000-00006 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 415JH UT WOS:000167717600005 PM 11265008 ER PT J AU Grant, GT Taft, RM Wheeler, ST AF Grant, GT Taft, RM Wheeler, ST TI Practical application of polyurethane and Velcro in maxillofacial prosthetics SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Maxillofacial-Prosthetics CY OCT, 1998 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Amer Acad Maxillofacial Prosthet ID SILICONE FACIAL PROSTHESES; CORROSION; RETENTION AB A procedure is described for the fabrication of an extraoral prosthesis with an acrylic resin substructure that retains a magnet sealed from the environment by a polyurethane Liner. Velcro is used to enhance the bond of the acrylic substructure to the silicone prosthesis. This procedure results in improved retention of the acrylic resin substructure and protection of the magnet with an encapsulating polyurethane liner. C1 USN, Sch Dent, Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Dept Navy, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Sch Dent, Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Dept Def, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Sch Dent, Natl Naval Dent Ctr, Dept Maxillofacial Prosthet, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Grant, GT (reprint author), NMC Charette Hlth Ctr, Dept Dent, 27 Effincgham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 85 IS 3 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1067/mpr.2001.114089 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 419YL UT WOS:000167977100011 PM 11264936 ER PT J AU Santangelo, PG Roland, CM AF Santangelo, PG Roland, CM TI Interrupted shear flow of unentangled polystyrene melts SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; STRESS OVERSHOOT; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; HIGH-RATES; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; ENTANGLED POLYMERS; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; POLYETHYLENE MELT; SOFTENING ZONE; BEHAVIOR AB Low molecular weight polystyrene melts were subjected to shearing flow which was periodically halted. Weak maxima in both the viscosity and normal stress were observed upon startup of the flow, notwithstanding the absence of entanglements. The strain associated with the viscosity maxima was independent of shear rate, and consistent with the overshoot strains for entangled polymers. The stress overshoots disappeared or were of weaker intensity When the flow was resumed after a brief interruption. For sufficiently long rest periods between Row, the original behavior was reproduced. The time scale for recovery of the maxima was about the same as that for relaxation of the stress from steady state flow. This differs from the behavior of entangled polymers. (C) 2001 The Society of Rheology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 45 IS 2 BP 583 EP 594 DI 10.1122/1.1349711 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 409HK UT WOS:000167378100017 ER PT J AU Moore, FG Hymer, TC AF Moore, FG Hymer, TC TI Semiempirical prediction of pitch damping moments for configurations with flares SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAIA 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA SP AIAA AB New capability has been added to the Naval Surface Warfare Center aeroprediction code to allow aerodynamics to be predicted for Mach numbers up to 20 for configurations with Bares, This new capability includes extending the static aerodynamic predictions for Mach numbers less than 1.2, improving the body alone pitch damping for Mach numbers above 2.0, and developing a new capability for pitch damping of flared configurations st Mach numbers up to 20. This new capability for flared configurations was validated for several different configurations in the Mach number range of 2-8.8. Whereas flared configuration aerodynamics have been validated only up to Mach 8.8, static aerodynamics have been validated in previous references for other configurations as high as Mach number 14, Most validations of the aeroprediction code have been performed between Mach numbers of 0.1 and 5, where most experimental data are available. In general, pitch damping predictions of the improved capability were within 20% of either experimental data or computational fluid dynamics calculations. This accuracy level is believed to be quite adequate for dynamic derivatives in the preliminary design stage. These new additions to the aeroprediction code will be transitioned to users as part of the 2002 version of the code (AP02). C1 Aeropredict Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapons Syst Dept, Syst Engn Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Moore, FG (reprint author), Aeropredict Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 38 IS 2 BP 150 EP 158 DI 10.2514/2.3688 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 421VA UT WOS:000168083200004 ER PT J AU Sarkani, S Michaelov, G Kihl, DP Bonanni, DL AF Sarkani, S Michaelov, G Kihl, DP Bonanni, DL TI Comparative study of nonlinear damage accumulation model in stochastic fatigue of FRP laminates SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LIFE PREDICTION METHODOLOGY; COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; AMPLITUDE AB The objective of this investigation is to verify the applicability of a number of nonlinear damage accumulation theories in the context of composite FRP laminates subjected to simulated stochastic loadings. Although nonlinear damage accumulation methods for composite materials have been investigated for a few decades, most comparisons with experimental results have considered only two-stress-level loadings; none has considered stochastic loadings. The nonlinear damage models considered in this study are primarily those obtained as a result of the strength-deterioration and stiffness-deterioration approaches. The fatigue data used in this investigation are generated from laminated specimens made of cross-ply E-glass woven-roving fibers and vinyl ester resin. Constant-amplitude tests are conducted to obtain the material's S-N curve. Variable-amplitude fatigue tests are carried out using simulated narrow band stochastic stress histories with various root-mean-square stresses. In addition to the experimental results, the predictions based on the nonlinear damage accumulation techniques are compared with those based on the linear (Palmgren-Miner) damage accumulation rule. It is found that, for the cases investigated in this study, the nonlinear damage models most often yield fatigue life predictions that are generally comparable to those predicted by the linear model; predictions in most cases are conservative. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20187 USA. RP Sarkani, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 3 BP 314 EP 322 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:3(314) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 405KJ UT WOS:000167158300012 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Cibin, G Marcelli, A Sevastyanova, T Yalovega, G Soldatov, AV AF Mansour, AN Cibin, G Marcelli, A Sevastyanova, T Yalovega, G Soldatov, AV TI Local atomic and electronic structure of Al90FexCe10-x alloys: XAFS analysis SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS XI) CY JUL 26-31, 2000 CL AKO, JAPAN DE aluminium-based alloys; Al-Fe-Ce; amorphous metals; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; XANES; EXAFS ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; METALLIC GLASSES; EDGE STRUCTURE; ALUMINUM; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; STATES; XANES; 3D AB X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) above the Fe K-edge and the Ce L-3-edge in amorphous Al90FexCe10-x (x = 3, 5, and 7) alloys have been measured and analyzed. Quantitative analyses of the Fe K-edge and Ce L-3-edge EXAFS spectra are limited to local structure parameters of the first coordination sphere. Using a theoretical multiple scattering (MS) approach, we show that the Fe and Ce XANES are sensitive to the structure of coordination spheres, which extend up to nearly 4.5 Angstrom. Comparison of experimental XANES spectra with theoretical MS results allows one to determine the local structure around the iron and cerium sites up to at least the third shell of atoms. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Rostov State Univ, Fac Phys, Rostov On Don 344090, Russia. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Yalovega, Galina/N-4544-2013; Cibin, Giannantonio/G-2809-2015; Soldatov, Alexander/E-9323-2012 OI Cibin, Giannantonio/0000-0001-5761-6760; Soldatov, Alexander/0000-0001-8411-0546 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 8 BP 809 EP 811 DI 10.1107/S0909049500016770 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 407YC UT WOS:000167298100240 PM 11512939 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Croguennec, L Prado, G Delmas, C AF Mansour, AN Croguennec, L Prado, G Delmas, C TI In situ XAS study of LixNi0.7Fe0.15Co0.15O2 cathode material SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS XI) CY JUL 26-31, 2000 CL AKO, JAPAN DE lithium nickel oxide; in situ; x-ray absorption spectroscopy; structure; oxidation state; intercalation materials; metal substitution; lithium batteries ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; LIXCOO2; LINIO2 AB We have examined the oxidation states and local atomic structures of Ni, Fe, and Co in LixNi0.7Fe0.15Co0.15O2 as a function of Li content during the first charge in a Li//LixNi0.7Fe0.15Co0.15O2 nonaqueous cell. We show that the composition of the material in the pristine state is more accurately described by Li0.95Ni(II)(0.09)Ni(III)(0.66)Fe(III)(0.15)Co(III)(0.15)O-2. Half of the Ni(II) resides in Li-vacant sites. Both Fe and Co substitute for Ni within the NiO2 slabs with no significant amounts of Fe or Co that can be attributed to Li-vacant sites. The local structure parameters are consistent with oxidation states observed on the basis of the XANES data. The Ni K-edge energy continuously shifts to a higher energy with decrease in Li content due to oxidation of Ni( II) to Ni( III) and Ni( III) to Ni( IV). After the complete oxidation of Ni( III) to Ni( IV), the Fe K-edge energy begins to increase with further decrease in Li content indicating the oxidation of Fe( III) to Fe( IV). The Co K-edge energy at half-height, on the other hand, is unchanged during the whole range of Li deintercalation indicating that no significant change in the oxidation state of Co occurs upon the complete removal of Li. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. CNRS, Inst Chim Mat Condensee Bordeaux, F-33608 Pessac, France. Ecole Natl Super Chim & Phys Bordeaux, F-33608 Pessac, France. RP Mansour, AN (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Laurence, CROGUENNEC/E-4558-2010; Croguennec, Laurence/R-9512-2016 OI Croguennec, Laurence/0000-0002-3018-0992 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 8 BP 866 EP 868 DI 10.1107/S0909049501002096 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 407YC UT WOS:000167298100259 PM 11512959 ER PT J AU Cross, JO Newville, M Hellman, F Rooney, PW Shapiro, AL Harris, VG AF Cross, JO Newville, M Hellman, F Rooney, PW Shapiro, AL Harris, VG TI Growth induced magnetic and chemical anisotropy in CoPt3 alloy films SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS XI) CY JUL 26-31, 2000 CL AKO, JAPAN AB We report the results of polarized Co K EXAFS experiments on a series of CoPt3 films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) MgO single crystal substrates over a range of temperatures from 473 K to 1073 K. These samples exhibit substantial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that is strongly dependent on the substrate growth temperature T-g. We measure a preference for in-plane Co-Co pairs that is correlated with the magnetic properties. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, PNC, CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cross, JO (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, PNC, CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Harris, Vincent/A-8337-2009 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 8 BP 880 EP 882 DI 10.1107/S0909049501000309 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 407YC UT WOS:000167298100264 PM 11512965 ER PT J AU Marcus, MH Houston, BH Photiadis, DM AF Marcus, MH Houston, BH Photiadis, DM TI Wave localization on a submerged cylindrical shell with rib aperiodicity SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; IRREGULARITY; SCATTERING; VIBRATION; PLATE AB results of a numerical study of vibration localization due to stiffener variability in a framed shell are reported. An axisymmetric finite element (FE)-infinite element model is used to obtain predictions in good general agreement with previously reported experimental results. Over the frequency band of this study, up to three times the ring frequency, two structural resonances dominate the vibratory response of the shell for high circumferential orders (n>10). Localization is shown to be linked to the sensitivity of the local resonance frequencies of the system to specific geometrical parameters. Specifically, rib thickness variations strongly affect the first pass band, while rib spacing variations strongly affect the second pass band. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marcus, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 109 IS 3 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.1121/1.1336500 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 409DM UT WOS:000167369300001 PM 11303939 ER PT J AU Tetreault, GE Zayed, AEB Hanafi, HA Beavers, GM Zeichner, BC AF Tetreault, GE Zayed, AEB Hanafi, HA Beavers, GM Zeichner, BC TI Susceptibility of sand flies to selected insecticides in North Africa and the Middle East SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Phlebotomus; insecticides; bioassay; toxicity; lethal dose ID LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; PHLEBOTOMUS-PAPATASI; DESERT AB The purpose of this study was to determine the baseline susceptibility of 4 species of phlebotomine sand flies from North Africa and the Middle East to various insecticides. Susceptibility was determined using the World Health Organization test kits for measuring resistance in mosquitoes exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers. Fifty, 90, and 99% lethal doses were calculated for bendiocarb, cyfluthrin, DDT, malathion, permethrin, and resmethrin on Phlebotomus bergeroti, P. langeroni, P. papatasi, and P. sergenti. The least toxic insecticide to all species was DDT, followed by malathion and permethrin in order of increasing toxicity. Cyfluthrin was the most toxic to P. langeroni and P. papatasi. followed by resmethrin and bendiocarb in order of decreasing toxicity. Resmethrin exhibited the highest toxicity to P. bergeroti followed-by cyfluthrin and bendiocarb, whereas bendiocarb was most toxic to P. sergenti, followed by cyfluthrin and resmethrin in order of decreasing toxicity. An attempt was made to obtain data for deltamethrin, but close response data were insufficient to determine regression lines for this insecticide on these species. However, analysis of preliminary data indicated that deltamethrin is highly toxic to these sand flies. C1 NAVMEDRSCHU 3, Res Pub Branch, FPO, AE 09835 USA. USN, Vector Biol Res Program, Med Res Unit Number 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. Al Azhar Univ, Fac Sci, Assiut, Egypt. USACHPPM, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Tetreault, GE (reprint author), NAVMEDRSCHU 3, Res Pub Branch, Code 305,PSC 452,Box 5000,FPO, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI NEW BRUNSWICK PA RUTGERS UNIV, J B SMITH HALL, 176 JONES AVE, NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08901-9998 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 428XB UT WOS:000168486000004 PM 11345414 ER PT J AU Kress, M AF Kress, M TI Efficient strategies for transporting mobile forces SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mobility; transportation; tours, accumulation time AB During a military operation, it may be necessary to move military units quickly and efficiently from one zone at the theatre of operations to another one. This need is prevalent in particular at the earlier stages of an operation when combat units are accumulating at the theatre of operations. Such mobility missions are carried out by specially designed semi-trailers, called transporters, that carry the armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) of the military unit. In many cases the number of available transporters is smaller than the number of AFVs that are to be carried thus several tours of the transporters may be needed to transport the entire unit to its destination. In this paper we examine three generic transportation strategies that may apply to such mobility missions: fixed unloading point, variable unloading point and a flexible strategy in which both loading and unloading points may vary from one tour to another. The efficiency of each specific transportation plan, within a given generic strategy, is evaluated with respect to the criterion of minimum accumulation time. C1 CEMA, Ctr Mil Anal, IL-31021 Haifa, Israel. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kress, M (reprint author), CEMA, Ctr Mil Anal, POB 2250 TI, IL-31021 Haifa, Israel. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 52 IS 3 BP 310 EP 317 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601088 PG 8 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 406PJ UT WOS:000167224100007 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM Lampe, M Fernsler, RF AF Manheimer, WM Lampe, M Fernsler, RF TI Use of radio frequency bias in the large area plasma processing system SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID SHEATHS AB In the large-area plasma processing system (LAPPS) scheme, rf bias can be used for either of two purposes: to provide energetic ion bombardment of a substrate, or to controllably raise the electron temperature (which is intrinsically very cool) to a desired value. The physics of rf bias in the LAPPS differs from the situation in conventional processing reactors for several reasons: (1) The plasma density adjacent to the substrate can be so high that the ion plasma frequency exceeds the microwave frequency. (2) Plasma transport to the substrate is across a magnetic field. (3) Ionization occurs only in a thin, well-defined planar sheet, and thus the volume occupied by plasma is very broad in two dimensions but thin in the third dimension. (4) The surface area of the substrate is comparable to that of the containment vessel. We discuss the modifications to the theory of rf bias that are needed to account for these factors in a LAPPS plasma. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1116/1.1347050 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 413CD UT WOS:000167591600017 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM DeSisto, WJ AF Bermudez, VM DeSisto, WJ TI Study of chromium oxide film growth by chemical vapor deposition using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; THIN-FILMS; METAL LAYER; GAS-PHASE; SILICON; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM; IR; NH3 AB Polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (aided by numerical modeling) is demonstrated as a potentially useful tool for the study of the chemistry of materials growth and processing under steady-state conditions. This approach is applied to a preliminary investigation of the growth of Cr oxide films at low-temperature (less than or equal to 270 degreesC) on Al2O3 using Cr(CO)(6) and O-2. The use of a buried metal layer and of polarization modulation enables detection of surface species with good sensitivity in the presence of strong absorption by gas-phase molecules. Cr(CO)(6) weakly interacting with Al2O3 and Cr oxide surfaces has been observed under equilibrium conditions, and a desorption energy of similar to 11 kcal/mol has been deduced from the temperature-dependent intensity of the upsilon (6)(t(1u)) carbonyl stretching mode. The 735 cm(-1) longitudinal optic mode of Cr2O3 is observed during steady-state growth and simulated using the multilayer Fresnel relations for polarized reflectance. The growth is found to be first order in the Cr(CO)(6) pressure under the present conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 67 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1116/1.1339008 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 413CD UT WOS:000167591600028 ER PT J AU Kaihatu, JM AF Kaihatu, JM TI Improvement of parabolic nonlinear dispersive wave model SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID COMBINED REFRACTION-DIFFRACTION; BOUSSINESQ-TYPE EQUATIONS; SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER; BREAKING; TRANSFORMATION; EVOLUTION; PROPAGATION; SPECTRA; FORM AB Improvements to a previously published nonlinear parabolic wave model are developed and implemented. A second-order correction to a free-surface boundary condition used to develop the original model is formulated. The correction takes into account the complete second-order transformation between amplitudes of the velocity potential and those of the free-surface elevation. Additionally, wide-angle propagation terms are included in the model. It is shown that the model with the second-order correction retains the properties of third-order Stokes theory quite well in deep water. Comparisons of model behavior to data reveal that both nonlinearity and wide-angle propagation effects need to be included in the model for general wave transformation problems in shallow water. Skewness predictions are considerably improved by using both the second-order correction and by retaining a greater number of frequency components in the calculation. Asymmetry calculations are aided by incorporation of frequency-squared weighting for distribution of the dissipation function. Further improvement may entail a different form of the breaking model. C1 USN, Oc Dyn & Predict Branch, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kaihatu, JM (reprint author), USN, Oc Dyn & Predict Branch, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Kaihatu, James/H-7561-2016 OI Kaihatu, James/0000-0002-9277-6409 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2001)127:2(113) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 405KL UT WOS:000167158500007 ER PT J AU Roth, GI Katz, J AF Roth, GI Katz, J TI Five techniques for increasing the speed and accuracy of PIV interrogation SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PIV; interrogation; image enhancement; computational methods; image processing ID PARTICLE-IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; QUANTITATIVE VISUALIZATION; CENTRIFUGAL PUMP; FLOW STRUCTURE; MODELING ISSUES; DIFFUSER VANES; RESOLUTION; TURBULENCE; CAVITATION AB This: paper explores several methods for increasing the efficiency and accuracy of particle image velocimetry (PTV) data analysis. The time to directly compute the correlation function to determine the displacement in PIV interrogation windows is reduced using two techniques. First, a scheme that calculates the correlation for 16 pixels in parallel is implemented. A further increase in efficiency results from using a truncated multiplication scheme that calculates 82% of the answer while reducing the work by 84%. Second, advantage is taken of the common practice of overlapping adjacent interrogation windows by not recorrelating the portion of the new window that overlaps the old. For the commonly used 50% overlap, the speed of vector calculation can theoretically be increased 300%, In practice, the improvement depends on the implementation of the method. The most efficient algorithm doubles the processing speed at 50% overlap. Accuracy is increased using three methods. First, a technique for enhancing PIV images to increase the contrast between the particles and the background is presented. This method is particularly useful when experimental exigencies result in low contrast images. Second, a method is presented for resolving the velocity in areas of high velocity gradient where the correlation map contains multiple peaks. Third, equalizing the histogram of sub-pixel adjustments should eliminate peak locking. Sample data show a 'decrease' in error of 15%. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate Hydroacoust & Propuls Dev, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate Hydroacoust & Propuls Dev, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM rothgi@nswccd.navy.mil; katz@titan.me.jhu.edu RI Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010 OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473 NR 27 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 12 IS 3 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/12/3/302 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 416BM UT WOS:000167759900004 ER PT J AU Mangan, MA Spanos, G McMichael, RD Chen, PJ Egelhoff, WF AF Mangan, MA Spanos, G McMichael, RD Chen, PJ Egelhoff, WF TI Effects of annealing on the microstructure and giant magnetoresistance of Co-Cu-based spin valves SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CO/CU MULTILAYERS; EXCHANGE-ANISOTROPY; FE/CR SUPERLATTICES; THERMAL-STABILITY; FILMS; NIO; GMR; TEMPERATURES; INTERFACES AB The effect of annealing on the microstructure and giant magnetoresistive (GMR) properties of NiO/ Co/Cu/Co bottom spin valves is investigated using conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The value of the GMR of these spin valves is observed to decrease from 12.2 to 2.7 pet after annealing in a vacuum for 30 minutes at 335 degreesC. This decrease is attributed to an increase in the roughness of the Co and Cu layers. In annealed specimens, grain boundary grooving is also observed in the antiferromagnetic NiO pinning layer at the NiO/Co interface, and the location of these grooves correlates with waviness in the Co/Cu interfaces. An increase in the Neel "orange-peel" coupling between the ferromagnetic Co layers, resulting from the increased roughness of the Co/Cu interfaces, accompanies the degradation of the GMR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mangan, MA (reprint author), Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0074-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 407ZX UT WOS:000167303000014 ER PT J AU Gunderson, EKE AF Gunderson, EKE TI Inpatient hospitalization SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Longitudinal Studies & Hlth Sci Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gunderson, EKE (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Longitudinal Studies & Hlth Sci Program, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 166 IS 3 BP 203 EP 203 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 411ML UT WOS:000167503800003 PM 11263017 ER PT J AU Garth, TS AF Garth, TS TI Confused oratory: Borges, Macedonio and the creation of the mythological author (Macedonio Fernandez) SO MLN-MODERN LANGUAGE NOTES LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Garth, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0026-7910 J9 MLN-MOD LANG NOTES JI MLN-Mod. Lang. Notes PD MAR PY 2001 VL 116 IS 2 BP 350 EP 370 DI 10.1353/mln.2001.0019 PG 21 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA 417BF UT WOS:000167814900007 ER PT J AU Garth, TS AF Garth, TS TI Machado de Assis: Reflections on a Brazilian master writer SO MLN-MODERN LANGUAGE NOTES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Garth, TS (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0026-7910 J9 MLN-MOD LANG NOTES JI MLN-Mod. Lang. Notes PD MAR PY 2001 VL 116 IS 2 BP 467 EP 469 DI 10.1353/mln.2001.0020 PG 3 WC Literary Theory & Criticism SC Literature GA 417BF UT WOS:000167814900015 ER PT J AU Sacks, S AF Sacks, S TI Defining the future of the Navy in the new century and at the turn of the new millennium SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The process of defining the future Navy, with platform built to last a long time yet technology rapidly evolving, is discussed, in this paper It is suggested that taking appropriate account of known long term trends can play an important part in the definition process. Several examples are presented, showing the potential contribution of trend analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Technol Base Ballist Missile Def Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sacks, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Technol Base Ballist Missile Def Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 113 IS 2 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2001.tb00038.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627HA UT WOS:000179926700007 ER PT J AU Ladouceur, HD Baronavski, AP Lohrmann, D Grounds, PW Girardi, PG AF Ladouceur, HD Baronavski, AP Lohrmann, D Grounds, PW Girardi, PG TI Electrical conductivity of a femtosecond laser generated plasma channel in air SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE filament; plasma; conductivity; ultrafast; femtosecond; laser; atmosphere; recombination rates; electron density ID DYNAMIC SPATIAL REPLENISHMENT; CONICAL EMISSION; PULSES; FILAMENTATION; PROPAGATION; GASES AB We have measured the time-dependent electrical resistance of a plasma channel created in air by a self-guiding TW femtosecond laser pulse. The plasma conductivity over a 200 ns time interval has been determined from a nonlinear low-inductance circuit model of the experiment. The circuit model incorporates the decay kinetics of the plasma channel and the initial electron density. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tact Elect Warfare Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Envisioneering Inc, King George, VA 22485 USA. RP Ladouceur, HD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 189 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01012-4 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 408AU UT WOS:000167305000016 ER PT J AU Yencha, MW AF Yencha, MW TI Congenital macrostomia SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 USN Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Yencha, MW (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 124 IS 3 BP 353 EP 354 DI 10.1067/mhn.2001.112571 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 411ZZ UT WOS:000167530700029 PM 11241011 ER PT J AU Reibel, S Nadi, S Benmaamar, R Larmet, Y Carnahan, J Marescaux, C Depaulis, A AF Reibel, S Nadi, S Benmaamar, R Larmet, Y Carnahan, J Marescaux, C Depaulis, A TI Neuropeptide Y and epilepsy: varying effects according to seizure type and receptor activation SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE electrical stimulation; epilepsy; hippocampus; hippocampal cell culture; neuropeptide Y; neuropeptide Y receptors; pentylenetetrazol; rat seizures; Y-1; Y-2; Y-5 ID WET DOG SHAKES; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; SUPPRESSES EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY; CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; RAT FRONTAL-CORTEX; LIMBIC SEIZURES; IN-VITRO; DENTATE GYRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION AB In vitro and in vivo experiments suggest antiepileptic properties for NPY. In this study, the pharmacology of these effects was examined and compared in different rat models of seizures. Agonists for Y-1, Y-2 and Y-3 receptors reduced seizure-like activity in hippocampal cultures. Intracerebral injection of NPY or Y-5 agonists reduced the expression of focal seizures produced by a single electrical stimulation of the hippocampus. Conversely, NPY agonists increased the duration of generalized convulsive seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol. These results suggest that NPY reduces seizures of hippocampal origin through activation of Y-5 receptors. They also point to probable modulatory effects of NPY in brain structures other than the hippocampus, involved in initiation, propagation or control of seizures. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Fac Med, INSERM U398, F-67085 Strasbourg, France. USN, Med Res Inst, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS UMR 7519, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Amgen Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Reibel, S (reprint author), Fac Med, INSERM U398, 11 Rue Humann, F-67085 Strasbourg, France. RI Depaulis, Antoine/B-6098-2012 OI Depaulis, Antoine/0000-0001-6543-6700 NR 77 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAR PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 SI SI BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00347-3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 422AT UT WOS:000168096300030 PM 11287111 ER PT J AU Kunzner, N Kovalev, D Heckler, H Diener, J Polisski, G Koch, F Efros, AL Rosen, M AF Kunzner, N Kovalev, D Heckler, H Diener, J Polisski, G Koch, F Efros, AL Rosen, M TI Efficient photoluminescence upconversion in porous Si SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD2000) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL TECHN UNIV MUNICH, MUNICH, GERMANY HO TECHN UNIV MUNICH ID NANOCRYSTALS AB We report on a new phenomenon specific for a system of spatially interconnected nanocrystal assemblies: efficient low temperature photoluminescence (PL) upconversion at resonant optical excitation of porous Si. The upconverted photoluminescence (anti-Stokes FL) is observed at intensities as low as 0.1 W/cm(2) and its intensity is as large as that of the Stokes PL band. The confirmation of the essence of connectivity between nanocrystals comes from the same type of studies performed on systems containing Si nanocrystals surrounded by a thick SiO2 shell where the anti-Stokes PL is completely absent for any excitation energy and intensity used while the properties of the Stokes PL are very similar to those of porous Si. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E16, D-85747 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kunzner, N (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E16, D-85747 Garching, Germany. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 224 IS 1 BP 21 EP 23 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200103)224:1<21::AID-PSSB21>3.0.CO;2-W PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 417GN UT WOS:000167827200005 ER PT J AU Bracker, AS Tischler, JG Gammon, D Nosho, BZ AF Bracker, AS Tischler, JG Gammon, D Nosho, BZ TI Spectroscopy and mechanical modification of single strain-induced quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD2000) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL TECHN UNIV MUNICH, MUNICH, GERMANY HO TECHN UNIV MUNICH ID GROWTH; GASB AB We report the observation of very sharp lines in the photoluminescence spectra of single strain induced GaAs quantum dots. By removing self-assembled GaSb stressors from the sample surface with an atomic force microscope, we have demonstrated that only the largest GaSb stressors are responsible for the sharp strain-induced quantum dot lines. Spectral line shifts art: observed as the quantum dot potential is tuned by modification of the large stressors. The variation of the spectra with laser power density is consistent with emission from multiexciton complexes and excited dot orbital slates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 224 IS 1 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200103)224:1<133::AID-PSSB133>3.0.CO;2-B PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 417GN UT WOS:000167827200028 ER PT J AU Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Goldman, ER Green, TM Anderson, GP Sundar, VC Bawendi, MG AF Mattoussi, H Mauro, JM Goldman, ER Green, TM Anderson, GP Sundar, VC Bawendi, MG TI Bioconjugation of highly luminescent colloidal CdSe-ZnS quantum dots with an engineered two-domain recombinant protein SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD2000) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL TECHN UNIV MUNICH, MUNICH, GERMANY HO TECHN UNIV MUNICH ID NANOCRYSTALS AB We present a novel approach, based on molecular self-assembly driven by electrostatic attractions, for conjugating inorganic colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots: QDs) having negatively charged surfaces with a two-domain recombinant protein bearing a positively charged C-terminal leucine zipper domain. Aggregation-free QD/protein conjugate dispersions were prepared. Conjugates retain both properties of the starting materials, i.e., biological activity of the protein and spectroscopic characteristics of the QDs. Such hybrid bio-inorganic conjugates represent a powerful fluorescent tracking tool, because they combine advantages of CdSe-ZnS quantum dots, such as chemical stability and a wide range of size-dependent luminescence emission properties, with a straightforward electrostatic conjugation approach. We describe the design and preparation of a model QD/protein conjugate and present functional characterization of the conjugate using luminescence and bioassays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 19 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 224 IS 1 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200103)224:1<277::AID-PSSB277>3.3.CO;2-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 417GN UT WOS:000167827200056 ER PT J AU Fornari, M Singh, DJ AF Fornari, M Singh, DJ TI Possible coexistence of rotational and ferroelectric lattice distortions in rhombohedral PbZrxTi1-xO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ANTIFERROELECTRIC PBZRO3; PEROVSKITE PBZRO3; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; LEAD-ZIRCONATE; PBTIO3; INSTABILITIES; PBZR1-XTIXO3 AB The competitions between ferroelectric and rotational instabilities in rhombohedral PbZrxTi1-xO3 near x = 0.5 are investigated using first-principles density-functional supercell calculations. As expected, we find a strong ferroelectric instability. However, we also find a substantial R-point rotational instability, close to but nor as deep as the ferroelectric one. This is similar to the situation in pure PbZrO3. These two instabilities are both strongly pressure dependent, but in opposite directions so that lattice compression of less than 1% is sufficient to change their ordering. Because of this, and local stress fields due to B-site cation disorder may lead to coexistence of both types of instability are likely present in the alloy near the morphotropic phase boundary. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fornari, Marco/C-8848-2012; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 OI Fornari, Marco/0000-0001-6527-8511; NR 42 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 9 AR 092101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.092101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 408DV UT WOS:000167312000001 ER PT J AU Strijkers, GJ Ji, Y Yang, FY Chien, CL Byers, JM AF Strijkers, GJ Ji, Y Yang, FY Chien, CL Byers, JM TI Andreev reflections at metal/superconductor point contacts: Measurement and analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-POLARIZATION; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; TRANSPORT; FERROMAGNETS; TRANSITION AB We present point-contact Andreev reflection measurements of X/Nb contacts, where X = Ni, Co, Fe, and Cu. Experimental conductance-voltage curves were analyzed with the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk theory [Phys. Rev. B 25,4515 (1982)], extended to include the polarization P of the metal and proximity effects. For Ni, Co, and Fe the conductance-voltage curves can be well described by the model with P and Z as the fitting parameters, where Z is a dimensionless barrier strength included in the model to describe elastic scattering at a nonideal metal/superconductor interface. The polarization for Fe, Co, and Ni depends on the magnitude of Z. The Value of the intrinsic P can be obtained by extrapolation to Z=0 (perfectly transparent inter-Face). For Cu, the conductance-voltage curves show a clip at the position of the Nb superconducting gap, due to proximity effects, which reduce the effective gap value for the normal to supercurrent conversion at the Cu/Nb interface, while leaving the gap for quasiparticle transport essentially unchanged. In addition, an overall decrease of the gap is observed when the size of the point contact approaches the superconducting coherence length in Nb. We have included these effects in our model and obtained very good agreement between experimental data and model calculations. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strijkers, GJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012 NR 22 TC 197 Z9 200 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 10 AR 104510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.104510 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 409TQ UT WOS:000167402100083 ER PT J AU Guttroff, G Bayer, M Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL AF Guttroff, G Bayer, M Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL TI Isomeric photonic molecules formed from coupled microresonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CONFINED OPTICAL MODES; CAVITY SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; DOTS; MODULATION; ARRAYS; DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALS AB Isomeric photonic molecules were formed by connecting four identical cavities in different geometries: a chain, a square, and a T shape. The optical mode spectrum in these structures exhibits three-dimensionally confined photonic states, which have been studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The energies of the optical modes depend strongly on the molecule geometry. The experimental data are in good agreement with detailed calculations of the fields in the cavities. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guttroff, G (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 AR 036611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.036611 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 413QV UT WOS:000167624000098 PM 11308792 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RF Kaganovich, D Hafizi, B Moore, CI Sprangle, P Ting, A Zigler, A AF Hubbard, RF Kaganovich, D Hafizi, B Moore, CI Sprangle, P Ting, A Zigler, A TI Simulation and design of stable channel-guided laser wakefield accelerators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID IGNITER-HEATER TECHNIQUE; WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; PLASMA WAVE-GUIDE; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE; TENUOUS PLASMAS; PULSE PROPAGATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; NONLINEAR OPTICS; INTENSE AB Most laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) experiments to date have operated in the self-modulated (SM) regime and have been self-guided. A channel-guided LWFA operating in the standard or resonant regime is expected to offer the possibility of high electron energy gain and high accelerating gradients without the instabilities and poor electron beam quality associated with the SM regime. Plasma channels such as those produced by a capillary discharge have demonstrated guiding of intense laser pulses over distances of several centimeters. Optimizing the performance in a resonant LWFA constrains the on-axis plasma density in the channel to a relatively narrow range. A scaling model is presented that quantifies resonant LFWA performance in terms of the maximum accelerating gradient, dephasing length, and dephasing-limited energy gain. These performance quantities are expressed in terms of laser and channel experimental parameters, clearly illustrating some of the tradeoffs in the choice of parameters. The predicted energy gain in this model is generally lower than that indicated by simpler scaling models. Simulations agree well with the scaling model in both low and high plasma density regimes. Simulations of a channel-guided, self-modulated LWFA are also presented. Compared with the resonant LWFA regime, the requirements on laser and channel parameters in the SM regime are easier to achieve, and a channel-guided SM-LWFA is likely to be less unstable than a self-guided SM-LWFA. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Hubbard, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012 NR 64 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 AR 036502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.036502 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 413QV UT WOS:000167624000086 PM 11308780 ER PT J AU Trinkunas, HA AF Trinkunas, HA TI Uncivil movements and democracy in Latin America SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Trinkunas, HA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.2307/2657840 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 435KQ UT WOS:000168881000024 ER PT J AU Messenger, SR Summers, GP Burke, EA Walters, RJ Xapsos, MA AF Messenger, SR Summers, GP Burke, EA Walters, RJ Xapsos, MA TI Modeling solar cell degradation in space: A comparison of the NRL displacement damage dose and the JPL equivalent fluence approaches SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article ID CO-60 GAMMA-RAY; RADIATION; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The method for predicting solar cell degradation in space radiation environments developed recently at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is compared in detail with the earlier method developed at the US Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Although both methods are similar, the key difference is that in the NRL approach, the energy dependence of the damage coefficients is determined from a calculation of the nonionizing energy loss (NIEL) and requires relatively few experimental measurements, whereas in the JPL method the damage coefficients have to be determined using an extensive set of experimental measurements. The end result of the NRL approach is a determination of a single characteristic degradation curve for a cell technology, which is measured against displacement damage dose rather than fluence, The end-of-life (EOL) cell performance for a particular mission can be read from the characteristic curve once the displacement damage dose for the mission has been determined In the JPL method, the end result is a determination of the equivalent I MeV electron fluence, which would cause the same level of degradation as the actual space environment. The two approaches give similar results for GaAs/Ge solar cells, for which a large database exists. Because the NRL method requires far less experimental data than the JPL method, it is more readily applied To emerging cell technologies for which extensive radiation measurements are not available. The NRL approach is being incorporated into a code named SAVANT by researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center. The predictions of SAVANT are shown to agree closely with actual space data for GaAs/Ge and CuInSe2 cells flown on the Equator-S mission, Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 SFA Inc, Woodlands Off Ctr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Messenger, SR (reprint author), SFA Inc, Woodlands Off Ctr, 9315 Largo Dr W,Suite 200, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 27 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 9 IS 2 BP 103 EP 121 DI 10.1002/pip.357 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 417AV UT WOS:000167813900003 ER PT J AU Melendez-Alvira, DJ Picone, JM Kelley, OA Zhou, Q Sulzer, MP AF Melendez-Alvira, DJ Picone, JM Kelley, OA Zhou, Q Sulzer, MP TI Bimodality in the climatological topside electron and exospheric temperature distributions at Arecibo SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ionospheric Effect Symposium (IES 99) CY MAY 04-06, 1999 CL ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Fed Aviat Adm, Off Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Air Force Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Fed Communicat Commiss, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Naval Res Lab, Univ Massachusetts Lowell, NW Res Associates, USA, Communicat Electr Command, Innovat Solut Int Inc ID THERMOSPHERIC MODEL; IONOSPHERE; O+ AB We report on the local time, occurrence frequency, and solar activity variations of the measured electron temperature and the ratio of the electron to ion temperatures at 589 km, and the inferred exospheric neutral temperatures. The World Day measurements at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, were made between 1985 and 1995, spanning both solar maximum and minimum conditions during predominantly quiet geomagnetic conditions. Histograms of the electron and exospheric temperatures reveal bimodal distributions. The electron temperature bimodality is primarily due to the sharp difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures whereas the exospheric temperature bimodality is primarily due to the difference between high and low solar activity. The nighttime exosphere and the electrons at 589 km are hotter by up to 400 K during high solar activity than during low solar activity. The daytime electrons at 589 km are, however, colder after 0800 LT during high solar activity than during low solar activity. The daytime ratio of electron to ion temperatures is also lower at high solar activity but not until after 1000 LT on average. Unlike the electron temperature at 589 km, the distribution of the electron to ion temperatures is unimodal. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Melendez-Alvira, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Forecast Off San Juan, 4000 Rd 190, Carolina, PR 00979 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1029/2000RS002435 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 415VR UT WOS:000167744700013 ER PT J AU Santangelo, PG Roland, CM AF Santangelo, PG Roland, CM TI The fatigue life of Hevea and guayule rubbers SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RUBBER; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYISOPRENE; FRACTURE; BEHAVIOR AB The enhanced crystallizability of guayule rubber (GR) in comparison to Hevea-based natural rubbers (NR) gives rise to better failure properties in unfilled, or "gum," GR. The origin of this behavior is the ability of the non-polymeric contaminants in GR to nucleate strain crystallization; a similar effect is operative in less pure grades of NR. However, when compounded with carbon black, this superiority of GR over NR is lost. The mechanical hysteresis arising from the carbon black, along with the latter's enhancement of strain crystallization, supercede the contribution from the contaminants. Consequently, in contrast to the behavior of the gum rubbers, the fatigue lifetimes of GR- and NR-based compounds are equivalent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 74 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.5254/1.3547640 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 568NV UT WOS:000176549300006 ER PT J AU Mott, PH Roland, CM AF Mott, PH Roland, CM TI Aging of natural rubber in air and seawater SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Accelerated aging experiments were carried out on a natural rubber vulcanizate exposed to air and to seawater. Failure strain, shown to correlate well with the fatigue lifetime, was used to monitor the extent of degradation. The effect of temperature on the rate of aging followed an Arrhenius law, with activation energies equal to 90 +/- 4 and 63 +/- 3 kJ/mol for air and seawater aging, respectively. The difference can be accounted for by the difference in oxygen concentration for the two environments. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 74 IS 1 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.5254/1.3547641 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 568NV UT WOS:000176549300007 ER PT J AU Hajian, AR Armstrong, JT AF Hajian, AR Armstrong, JT TI A sharper view of the stars SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hajian, AR (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 284 IS 3 BP 56 EP 63 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 403RE UT WOS:000167055600022 PM 11234507 ER PT J AU Cypher, BL AF Cypher, BL TI Spatiotemporal variation in rodent abundance in the San Joaquin Valley, California SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS; DESERT; MANAGEMENT; POPULATION; SELECTION; DECLINE AB I examined spatiotemporal variation in abundance of rodents at the Elk Hills Naval Petroleum Reserve, California through annual live-trapping on 20 sites in 4 physiographic regions from 1993 to 1996. Five species of rodents at Elk Hills are considered rare, but habitat characteristics favorable for these species have not been identified. Abundance for all species combined varied among years and among regions. Capture rates varied temporally for Heermann's and short-nosed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys heermanni and D. nitratoides brevinasus), San Joaquin pocket mice (Perognathus inornatus), and San Joaquin antelope squirrels (Ammospermophilus nelsoni), but not for Tulare grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus tularensis) or deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Capture rates varied spatially for all species except pocket mice. Heermann's and short-nosed kangaroo rats declined in abundance, particularly in flat terrain, following unusually wet, cold conditions in winter 1991-1995. Pocket mice increased in 1995 but declined in 1996. San Joaquin antelope squirrels steadily declined during the study period. Abundance of grasshopper mice was low but consistent throughout the period. Rodent capture rates were more variable in flat terrain (less than or equal to5% slope) where rare species were most abundant. Capture rates for Heermann's kangaroo rats, short-nosed kangaroo rats, and antelope squirrels were negatively correlated to vegetation cover, particularly grasses, but capture rates for pocket mice were positively correlated with cover, particularly forbs. Based on the spatiotemporal patterns in rodent abundance observed at Elk Hills, flat terrain is particularly important for conserving rare rodents in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California. Flat terrain will need to be actively managed to reduce the dense col er of exotic plants that may be detrimental to rare rodents. C1 USN, Petr Reserves Calif Endangered Species Program, Bakersfield, CA 93309 USA. RP Cypher, BL (reprint author), USN, Petr Reserves Calif Endangered Species Program, 1601 New Stine Rd,Suite 240, Bakersfield, CA 93309 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 66 EP 75 DI 10.2307/3672375 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 412CZ UT WOS:000167537600009 ER PT J AU Handler, RA Smith, GB Leighton, RI AF Handler, RA Smith, GB Leighton, RI TI The thermal structure of an air-water interface at low wind speeds SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TURBULENT BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; STREAK FORMATION; SHEAR RATE; COOL SKIN; DIFFERENCE; OCEAN AB High-resolution infrared imagery of an air-water interface at wind speeds of 1 to 4 ms(-1) was obtained. Spectral analysis of the data reveals several important features of the thermal structure of the so-called cool skin. At wind speeds for which wind waves are not generated, the interfacial boundary layer appears to be composed of buoyant plumes that are stretched by the surface shear as they reach the interface. The plumes appear to form overlapping laminae with a head-tail structure which we have termed fish-scales. At higher wind speeds, gravity waves appearing on the surface give rise to distinct signatures in the infrared imagery. The wave system appears to modulate the surface temperature with sufficient strength so that the length and time scales of the waves are readily revealed in a k-omega spectrum. A surface drift speed can also be easily inferred from the spectrum. A direct numerical simulation of the cool-skin of a sheared water interface has also been performed. For Richardson numbers less than about 10(-3) the simulations reveal a surface temperature pattern dominated by a streaky structure with a characteristic spanwise length scale on the order of 100/(+) where l(+) = nu /u*. The simulations confirm that this streaky structure is formed as slow moving fluid originating from below encounters a surface shear. The thermal structure of the surface appears virtually unchanged when buoyancy is turned off in the simulations and shear remains. This indicates that the fish-scale pattern has universal features in the sense that it forms independently of the mechanism by which the turbulence is generated. The simulations are found to be in remarkable agreement with the experimental results for which the same streaky, fish-scale structure was observed and the same streak spacing was obtained. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Handler, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 53 IS 2 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.2001.00158.x PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 451PL UT WOS:000169810400006 ER PT J AU Lin, J Ritchie, GD Stenger, DA Nordholm, AF Pancrazio, JJ Rossi, J AF Lin, J Ritchie, GD Stenger, DA Nordholm, AF Pancrazio, JJ Rossi, J TI Trimethylolpropane phosphate induces epileptiform discharges in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trimethylolpropane phosphate; bicyclophosphate; epileptiform bursts; hippocampal slices; GABA ID BICYCLIC PHOSPHORUS ESTERS; NEUROTOXIN FORMATION; TURBINE LUBRICANTS; PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; RECEPTORS; INHIBITION; POTASSIUM; INVITRO; CELLS; INVOLVEMENT AB The actions of trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP), an ethyl bicyclophosphate convulsant produced during the partial pyrolysis of some phosphate ester-based lubricants, were tested on CA1 neurons of rat hippocampal slices using intracellular recording techniques. Bath application of TMPP (0.1-100 muM) induced spontaneous paroxysmal depolarizing shifts and the associated spontaneous epileptiform bursts followed by after-hyperpolarizations in 63% of neurons tested. The TMPP-induced epileptiform bursts were blocked by muscimol, a gamma -aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) receptor agonist, diazepam (DZP), a GABA(A)-benzodiazepine ionophore complex agonist, or baclofen, a GABA(B) receptor agonist. While bath application of muscimol, DZP, or baclofen suppressed spontaneous activity in CA1 neurons not previously exposed to TMPP, subsequent application of TMPP (10 muM) reversed the actions of muscimol and diazepam, but not baclofen. TMPP (0.1-100 muM) also induced membrane hyperpolarization associated with an increase in peak input resistance and inward rectification in 33% of neurons tested or membrane depolarization associated with an increase in input resistance in 17% of neurons tested. In summary, TMPP induced epileptiform activities in hippocampal CA1 neurons. The epileptogenic effects of TMPP are consistent with its interaction with GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptors. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. WPAFB, Naval hlth Res Ctr Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), ManTech Environm Technol Inc, POB 31009, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 171 IS 2 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1006/taap.2000.9120 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 410AU UT WOS:000167418500006 PM 11222088 ER PT J AU Fothergill, DM Sims, JR Curley, MD AF Fothergill, DM Sims, JR Curley, MD TI Recreational scuba divers' aversion to low-frequency underwater sound SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the Undersea-and-Hyperbaric-Medical-Society CY 1998 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Undersea Hyperbaric Med Soc DE subjective sensations; vibration; diving; sonar; guidance; annoyance AB Increasing use of active low-frequency sonar by submarines and ships raises die risk of accidental exposure of recreational divers to low-frequency underwater sound (LFS). This study aimed to characterize the subjective responses of recreational scuba divers to LFS to ascertain the extent to which LFS may impact their enjoyment, comfort, or time spent underwater. Seventeen male and nine female recreational scuba divers participated. Diving was conducted in an acoustically transparent tank located within a larger anechoic pool. Subjects wore scuba gear and were positioned 1 m below the surface in a prone position. The sound transducer was located 4 m directly below the diver's head. Sound exposures consisted of three signal types (pure tone, 30 Hz hyperbolic sweep up, and 30 Hz hyperbolic sweep down) each presented at six center frequencies from 100 to 500 Hz and six sound pressure levels (SPL) ranging from 130 to 157 dB re 1 mu Pa. The duration of each sound exposure was 7 s. Subjects responded via an underwater console to rate aversion to LFS on a category-ratio scale, and to indicate the presence or absence of vibration of any body part. Aversion to LFS and the percent incidence of vibration increased as the SPL increased. The percent incidence of vibration decreased linearly with increasing frequency. At the highest SPL the probability that an aversion rating would exceed Very Severe (7 on the category-ratio scale) was predicted to be 19%. There was no significant difference in aversion among signal types. The 100 Hz frequency was the most aversive frequency (P<0.05). A plot of aversion vs. frequency showed a U-shaped function with minimum aversion at 250 Hz. In conclusion, diver aversion to LFS is dependent upon SPL and center frequency. The highest aversion rating was given for 100 Hz; this frequency corresponded with the greatest probability of detecting vibration. Factors other than vibration seem to account for aversion to the highest frequencies. Our data suggest that LFS exposures up to 145 dB re 1 Pa at frequencies between 100 and 500 Hz will have minimal impact on the recreational diver. C1 USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT 06349 USA. RP Fothergill, DM (reprint author), USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Box 900, Groton, CT 06349 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 500EE UT WOS:000172612300002 PM 11732884 ER PT J AU Butler, FK Gurney, N AF Butler, FK Gurney, N TI Orbital hemorrhage following face-mask barotrauma SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE face-mask barotrauma; face-mask squeeze; orbital hematoma; barotrauma; cranial neuropathy; orbital hemorrhage ID HEMATOMA; TRAUMA AB A 41-yr-old female recreational diver suffered an orbital hemorrhage following face-mask barotrauma. This case illustrates the potential for significant orbital injury to occur as a result of face-mask barotrauma. Barotraumatic orbital hemorrhage is an unusual disorder, but recognition of this entity is important for diving physicians. The signs and symptoms should not be mistaken for decompression sickness or arterial gas embolism. Patients with barotraumatic orbital hemorrhage require emergency referral to an ophthalmologist so that potentially vision-threatening ocular complications may be identified and treated. Barotrauma may result in several different types of cranial neuropathies and should be recognized as another possible cause for neurologic deficits following a dive. C1 USN, Special Warfare Command, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Rockford, IL 61107 USA. RP Butler, FK (reprint author), USN, Special Warfare Command, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SPR PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 500EE UT WOS:000172612300005 PM 11732882 ER PT J AU Pazirandeh, M Mauro, JM AF Pazirandeh, M Mauro, JM TI Production and cellular localization of functional oligomeric peptides in E-coli: expression of the N. crassa polymetallothionein SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 72nd ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium CY JUN 21-24, 1998 CL PENN ST UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Chem Soc Div Colloid & Surface Chem HO PENN ST UNIV DE Neurospora crassa; Escherichia coli; oligomers ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTERIAL-CELLS; METALLOTHIONEIN; METALLOADSORPTION; CLEAVAGE; CADMIUM; YEAST; GENE AB Tandem repeat oligomers of the Neurospora crassa metallothionein peptide were expressed in Escherichia coli and targeted to the periplasm as a fusion to the maltose binding protein. Production of these peptide oligomers in E, coli resulted in enhanced cadmium removal from solutions of cells containing short number of repeats. However, cells containing longer peptide oligomers demonstrated diminished cadmium removal capacity. Cellular distribution of expressed fusion protein revealed that while the majority of the short-tandem oligomers reside within the periplasmic space, cells expressing the longer oligomers harbor these proteins as insoluble inclusion bodies that are not localized properly. Analysis of the purified proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a ladder of protein bands indicating the possibility of proteolysis or premature translation termination of the repeating peptide oligomers. These results indicate that although metal removal by cells can be enhanced through production of tandem repeats, due to the nature of the repetitive sequences, or other factors, longer oligomers do not properly localize within the periplasmic space, and therefore a diminished rate of metal accumulation is observed by these cells. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pazirandeh, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD FEB 28 PY 2001 VL 177 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 389XY UT WOS:000166265000011 ER PT J AU Hayden, LM Kim, WK Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA AF Hayden, LM Kim, WK Chafin, AP Lindsay, GA TI Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of a new syndioregic main-chain hydrazone polymer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID T-G RELAXATIONS; CHROMOPHORE REORIENTATION; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; PARAMETERS AB The synthesis of a syndioregic main-chain hydrazone nonlinear optical polymer is reported. The nonlinearity is thermally stable up to 140 degreesC and retains 90% of the original value even when stored at 100 degreesC for 100 h. The polymer has a relatively low nonlinearity (d(33) = 3.6 pm/V) due to the incorporation of a low beta chromophore. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USN, NAWCWD, Dept Res, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Hayden, LM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 27 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1493 EP 1495 DI 10.1021/ma001796p PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 405AX UT WOS:000167136000052 ER PT J AU Brewer, C Brewer, G Scheidt, WR Shang, MY Carpenter, EE AF Brewer, C Brewer, G Scheidt, WR Shang, MY Carpenter, EE TI Synthesis and structural and magnetic characterization of discrete phenolate and imidazolate bridged Gd(III)-M(II) [M = Cu, Ni] dinuclear complexes SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE gadolinium complexes; dinuclear complexes; ferromagnetism; gadolinium imidazolate ID SCHIFF-BASE LIGANDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; GADOLINIUM(III); COPPER(II) AB Three dinuclear complexes formed by the reaction of Gd(hfa)(3) (hfa is hexafluoroacetylacetonate) with Schiff base complexes of Cu(II) and Ni(II) have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of the complexes [Gd(hfa)(3)M(prpen)] {M = Cu(II (1)), Ni(II) (2)} are reported. (H(2)prpen is the Schiff base derived from the condensation of 2 equiv. of 2-hydroxypropiophenone and 1 equiv. of ethylenediamine.) Both 1 and 2 are discrete dinuclear complexes consisting of an eight coordinate Cd atom which is bridged to four coordinate M(II) via both phenolate oxygen atoms of the prpen ligand. The crystal structure shows there is no tendency toward dimerization between adjacent Cu(II) Schiff base units in 1. Cryomagnetic measurements show a ferromagnetic interaction between Gd(III) and Cu(II) in 1 as predicted by theory with J = 1.91 cm (- 1). The reaction of Gd(hfa), with Ni(L) (H2L is the Schiff base derived from the condensation of 1 equiv. each of 5-chlorobenzophenone, 1,2-diaminobenzene, and 5-methyl-4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde) produced Gd(hfa),Ni(L) (3) in which imidazolate is available to bridge Gd(III) and Ni(II). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brewer, C (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Carpenter, Everett/A-2797-2010 OI Carpenter, Everett/0000-0002-3497-0318 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD FEB 26 PY 2001 VL 313 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)00354-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 406GQ UT WOS:000167206900008 ER PT J AU Spira, JL AF Spira, JL TI Comparison of St John's wort and imipramine - Study design casts doubt on value of St John's wort in treating depression SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Hlth Psychol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Spira, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Hlth Psychol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD FEB 24 PY 2001 VL 322 IS 7284 BP 493 EP 493 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 406YD UT WOS:000167243000042 PM 11222432 ER PT J AU Eaton, PE Tang, DT Gilardi, R AF Eaton, PE Tang, DT Gilardi, R TI On the reaction of sodium methoxide with perbromo-D-2h-bishomocubane. A structural reassignment SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eaton, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2001 VL 66 IS 4 BP 1492 EP 1493 DI 10.1021/jo0014111 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 403NQ UT WOS:000167049700056 PM 11312986 ER PT J AU Zheng, T Flippen-Anderson, J Yu, P Wang, T Mirghani, R Cook, JM AF Zheng, T Flippen-Anderson, J Yu, P Wang, T Mirghani, R Cook, JM TI Stereocontrolled conversion of quinine into 10(R),11-dihydroxydihydroquinine via the sharpless osmylation process SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METABOLITES; IDENTIFICATION; QUINIDINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; URINE C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Huddinge Univ Hosp, Div Clin Pharmacol, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. RP Cook, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD FEB 23 PY 2001 VL 66 IS 4 BP 1509 EP 1511 DI 10.1021/jo0015321 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 403NQ UT WOS:000167049700061 PM 11312991 ER PT J AU Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Stokes, DW Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Menna, RJ Martinelli, RU Garbuzov, DZ Connolly, JC Maiorov, M Sugg, AR Olsen, GH AF Felix, CL Bewley, WW Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Stokes, DW Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Menna, RJ Martinelli, RU Garbuzov, DZ Connolly, JC Maiorov, M Sugg, AR Olsen, GH TI Mid-infrared W quantum-well lasers for noncryogenic continuous-wave operation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURE DIODE-LASERS; PUMPING INJECTION CAVITY; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; MIDWAVE-INFRARED-LASERS; BOND HEAT SINKING; MU-M; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; CW OPERATION; POWER AB We review the recent progress of electrically injected and optically pumped mid-IR lasers based on antimonide quantum wells with the type II W configuration. W quantum-well diodes have achieved cw operation up to 195 K at lambda = 3.25 mum. Optically pumped devices that employ the diamond pressure bond heat sink have reached 290 K at 3 mum and 210 K at 6 mum. Pulsed power conversion efficiencies of up to 7% at 220 K have been attained by use of an optical pumping injection cavity approach, in which an etalon cavity for the pump beam significantly enhances its absorptance. The angled-grating distributed-feedback configuration has been used to obtain near-diffraction-limited output for an optical pumping stripe width of 50 mum (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.2020, 140.3070, 140.3300, 140.3490, 140.5960. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sarnoff Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sensors Unltd Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Felix, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Dr SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM felix@nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 6 BP 806 EP 811 DI 10.1364/AO.40.000806 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 400ZA UT WOS:000166901500010 PM 18357060 ER PT J AU Hayes, AP Vourlidas, A Howard, RA AF Hayes, AP Vourlidas, A Howard, RA TI Deriving the electron density of the solar corona from the inversion of total brightness measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; methods : data analysis AB Usually, the electron density structure of the white-light solar corona is estimated from the inversion of polarized brightness measurements. The inversion technique was developed in the 1950s and has remained largely unchanged since. Here, for the first time, we expand this technique to total brightness observations to take advantage of the extensive Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraphs (LASCO) archive. We compare our technique to both theoretical coronal models and actual observations and show that it is as robust and accurate as the widely used polarized brightness inversion. The quantitative analysis of white-light coronal data critically depends on the removal of the F corona. We briefly describe an improved F corona model we derived using the LASCO time series data. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Inst Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Hayes, AP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 12 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 548 IS 2 BP 1081 EP 1086 DI 10.1086/319029 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 406FU UT WOS:000167204900046 ER PT J AU Odenkirchen, M Grebel, EK Rockosi, CM Dehnen, W Ibata, R Rix, HW Stolte, A Wolf, C Anderson, JE Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hennessy, G Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Munn, JA Pier, JR Stoughton, C York, DG AF Odenkirchen, M Grebel, EK Rockosi, CM Dehnen, W Ibata, R Rix, HW Stolte, A Wolf, C Anderson, JE Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hennessy, G Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Munn, JA Pier, JR Stoughton, C York, DG TI Detection of massive tidal tails around the globular cluster palomar 5 with Sloan digital sky survey commissioning data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : halo; galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; galaxy : structure globular; clusters : individual (Palomar 5) ID MILKY-WAY; SYSTEM; STARS AB We report the discovery of two well-defined tidal tails emerging from the sparse remote globular cluster Palomar 5. These tails stretch out symmetrically to both sides of the cluster in the direction of constant Galactic latitude and subtend an angle of 2.6 degrees on the sky. The tails have been detected in commissioning data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, providing deep five-color photometry in a 2.5 degrees -wide band along the equator. The stars in the tails make up a substantial part (similar to 1/3) of the current total population of cluster stars in the magnitude interval 19.5 less than or equal to i* less than or equal to 22.0. This reveals that the cluster is subject to heavy mass loss. The orientation of the tails provides an important key for the determination of the cluster's Galactic orbit. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bloomberg Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Odenkirchen, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794 NR 23 TC 229 Z9 229 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 548 IS 2 BP L165 EP L169 DI 10.1086/319095 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 406HD UT WOS:000167208100013 ER PT J AU Reames, DV Ng, CK Tylka, AJ AF Reames, DV Ng, CK Tylka, AJ TI Heavy ion abundances and spectra and the large gradual solar energetic particle event of 2000 July 14 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; Sun : abundances; Sun : corona; Sun : particle emission ID TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; ACCELERATION; TRANSPORT; SHOCKS; WAVES AB We compare the spectra and abundances of heavy elements of atomic number Z in the range with 34 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 40 those of He, C, O, Ne, Si, and Fe, as observed on the Wind spacecraft, in the large solar energetic particle (SEP) events of 1998 April 20 and 2000 July 14. This is the first time that spectra of the rare, trans-Fe, 34 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 40 ions have been measured in SEP events. We use the systematic dependence of the spectral e-folding energies on the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/A) of the species to estimate ionization states of each species. Ionization states of Q similar to 11 for ions with 34 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 40 are comparable to those for Si and Fe. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Reames, DV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 548 IS 2 BP L233 EP L236 DI 10.1086/319100 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 406HD UT WOS:000167208100028 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, BI TI Direct quantum chemical integral evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE analytic integration; 3-center integrals; 4-center integrals; Coulomb integrals; overlay integrals; recursion; spherical tensors ID CARTESIAN GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS; ELECTRON REPULSION INTEGRALS; MULTI-CENTRE INTEGRALS; MOLECULAR INTEGRALS; BASIS-SETS; 2-ELECTRON INTEGRALS; RECURRENCE FORMULAS; ORBITALS; COMPUTATION; APPROXIMATIONS AB Performing quantum chemical integral evaluation directly, without recursion and without direct coupling of angular momenta according to the rotation group is analyzed. The rotation group limits the structure of these dosed-form expressions. The result of all cross differentiation is a rotational invariant. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the general three- and four-center Gaussian integral. The solid harmonic addition formula can he used to express these integrals as sums of products of an exponent-independent (angular) factor and a molecular-orientation-independent (exponential) factor in a variety of ways. The results are products of two such factors summed over the set of distinct, relevant polynomials of the exponents. The coefficients of these polynomials, angular factors, are complicated but common to all n-center matrix elements and independent of any type of contraction. Derivatives must be obtained using the product rule. An implementation in the Solid Spherical Harmonic Gaussian (SSHG) computer code is outlined and preliminary comparison is made. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dunlap@nrl.navy.mil OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 81 IS 6 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1002/1097-461X(2001)81:6<373::AID-QUA1007>3.3.CO;2-V PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 400CQ UT WOS:000166851400001 ER PT J AU Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kushto, GP Qadri, SB Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Horwitz, JS Kushto, GP Qadri, SB Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB TI Transparent conducting Zr-doped In2O3 thin films for organic light-emitting diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; LAYER; ANODE AB Zirconium-doped indium oxide (ZIO) thin films (similar to 2000 Angstrom thick) have been deposited by pulsed-laser deposition on glass substrates without a postdeposition anneal. The structural, electrical and optical properties of these films have been investigated as a function of substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure during deposition. Films were deposited at substrate temperatures ranging from 25 degreesC to 400 degreesC in O-2 partial pressures ranging from 0.1 to 50 mTorr. The films (similar to 2000 Angstrom thick) deposited at 200 degreesC in 25 mTorr of oxygen show electrical resistivities as low as 2.5x10(-4) Omega cm, an average visible transmittance of 89%, and an optical band gap of 4.1 eV. The ZIO films were used as a transparent anode contact in organic light emitting diodes and the device performance was studied. The external quantum efficiency measured from these devices was about 0.9% at a current density of 100 A/m(2). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 18 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 19 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1050 EP 1052 DI 10.1063/1.1350595 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 402JJ UT WOS:000166983500010 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Linehan, JC Shade, JE AF Bitterwolf, TE Linehan, JC Shade, JE TI Solution and Nujol matrix photochemistry of (eta(5)-C5H5)(2)Os-2(CO)(4) and Nujol matrix photochemistry of (eta(5)-C5H4CH3)(2)Ru-2(CO)(4) and (eta(5)-C5H5)M(CO)(2)H, where M = Ru and Os SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID FROZEN GAS MATRICES; METAL-METAL BONDS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; COMPLEXES; SUBSTITUTION; PHOTOLYSIS; IRON; CARBONYLS; FORM; 12-K AB Lowering the temperature of a Nujol solution of (eta (5)-C5H4CH3)(2)Ru-2(CO)(4) containing bands of the trans- and cis-bridging and trans-nonbridging isomers from room temperature to ca. 90 K results in complete disappearance of the bands of the trans-terminal isomer. The photochemistry of (eta (5)-C5H4CH3)(2)Ru-2(CO)(4) in frozen Nujol at 90 K differs subtly from that of (eta (5)-C5H5)(2)Ru-2(CO)(4) in inert gas matrixes at 12 K in that the trans-bridging isomer is found to undergo photolysis at high energy (lambda (irr) > 250 nm) to yield both the triply bridged carbonyl-loss species, (eta (5)-C5H4CH3)(2)Ru-2(mu -CO)(3), and the cis-bridged species isomer. There is no evidence for formation of the trans-nonbridged isomer upon photolysis as observed for (eta (5)-C5H5)(2)Ru-2(CO)(4) The solution photochemistry of (eta (5)-C5H5)(2)Os-2(CO)(4) is shown to closely parallel that of (eta (C5H5)-C-5)(2)Ru-2(CO)(4). Photolysis of (eta (5)-C5H5)(2)OS2(CO)(4) in CBCl3 yields (eta (5)-C5H5)Os(CO)(2)Cl, while photolysis in benzene yields hydride products believed to arise from metal-to-ring coupling of radicals. Photolysis of (eta (5)-C5H5)(2)Os-2(CO)(4), which exists only in a nonbridged form, in frozen Nujol (90 K) results in CO loss; and formation of (eta (5)-C5H5)(2)Os-2(mu -CO)(3) as the only photoproduct. Photolysis of (eta (5)-C5H5)M(CO)(2)H, where M = Ru or Os, in frozen Nujol yields (eta (5)-C5H5)M(CO)H and a second product that;appears to be either (ys; C5H6)M(CO)(2) or the (eta (5)-C5H5)M(CO)(2) radical. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bitterwolf, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD FEB 19 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 775 EP 781 DI 10.1021/om000845j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 405AL UT WOS:000167135000028 ER PT J AU Farley, JH Hines, JF Taylor, RR Carlson, JW Parker, MF Kost, ER Rogers, SJ Harrison, TA Macri, CI Parham, GP AF Farley, JH Hines, JF Taylor, RR Carlson, JW Parker, MF Kost, ER Rogers, SJ Harrison, TA Macri, CI Parham, GP TI Equal care ensures equal survival for African-American women with cervical carcinoma SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Gynecologic-Oncologists CY FEB 05-09, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Gynecol Oncol DE race; cervix; carcinoma; survival ID DATA-BASE REPORT; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; CANCER MORTALITY; ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA; RACE AB BACKGROUND. It was the purpose of this study to investigate whether race is an independent prognostic factor in the survival of patients with cervical carcinoma in a health care system with minimal racial bias, and few barriers to access to care. METHODS. Records for patients with a diagnosis of invasive cervical carcinoma from 1988 to 1999 were obtained from the Automated Central Tumor Registry for the United States Military Health Care System. Clinical data including race, age at diagnosis, histology, grade, stage, socioeconomic status, treatment modality, and survival also were obtained. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS. One thousand five hundred fifty-three patients were obtained for review. Sixty-five percent of patients were Caucasian, and 35% were minorities. Of the minorities, 29% were African Americans (AAs). Mean age of diagnosis tvas similar among AAs and Caucasians, 44 and 42 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the distribution of age, stage, grade, or histology between Caucasians and AAs. Forty-six percent of patients were treated with surgery and 56% with radiation therapy, with no difference in type of treatment between the Caucasian and Al groups. Five- and 10-year survival rates for Caucasians and AAs were 75%, and 76%, and 64% 65% (P = 0.59), respectively. CONCLUSIONS. In an equal access, unbiased, nonracial environment, race is not an independent predictor of survival for patients with cervical carcinoma. This study has shown, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, that when they receive equal treatment for cervical carcinoma, AA women's survival can approach that of their nonminority counterparts (75% at 10 years). (C) 2001 American Cancer Society. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. St Barnabas Med Ctr, Livingston, NJ USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Arkansas Canc Res Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Farley, JH (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 1 Jarrett White Rd TAMC, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 20 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 91 IS 4 BP 869 EP 873 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(20010215)91:4<869::AID-CNCR1075>3.0.CO;2-D PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 403TD UT WOS:000167057800034 PM 11241257 ER PT J AU Kidwell, DA Smith, FP AF Kidwell, DA Smith, FP TI Susceptibility of PharmChek (TM) drugs of abuse patch to environmental contamination SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE sweat; passive exposure; cocaine; heroin; methamphetamine ID COCAINE; SWEAT; HAIR; URINE; PERSPIRATION; SALIVA; CURRENCY AB The key component of the PharmChek(TM) sweat patch, the membrane, has been tested for the passage of externally applied materials. Drugs in the uncharged state rapidly penetrated the membrane but charged species were greatly slowed. In basic media, detectable concentrations of cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin were observed at the earliest collection time (ca. 30 s), after drugs were placed on the outside of the membrane. Drug concentrations increased over the 2 h time course, when amounts detected (1710 ng cocaine, 1060 ng methamphetamine, 550 ng heroin per pad at 2 h) represented 5-17% of the drug deposited on the surface of the sweat patch. Drugs externally applied to human skin were shown to bind readily. Drugs deposited on the skin of drug-free volunteers several days prior to application of the sweat patch were not completely removed by normal hygiene or the cleaning procedures recommended before application of the sweat patch. Even 6 days of normal hygiene did not remove all drugs from externally contaminated skin and positive sweat patches resulted. A mechanism for passage of drugs through the sweat patch membrane, a mechanism for retention of drugs on skin, and a redesign of the sweat patch and modification of its use to reduce external contamination are proposed. Appropriate care should be taken in the interpretation of positive results from a sweat patch test until more research is conducted. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Justice Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kidwell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6177, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00353-4 PG 18 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 407LY UT WOS:000167274100001 PM 11182260 ER PT J AU Gille, ST Stevens, DP Tokmakian, RT Heywood, KJ AF Gille, ST Stevens, DP Tokmakian, RT Heywood, KJ TI Antarctic Circumpolar Current response to zonally averaged winds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE HEIGHT; OBSCURANTIST PHYSICS; DRAKE PASSAGE; FORM DRAG; MOMENTUM BALANCE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NUMERICAL-MODELS AB Coherence analysis techniques are used to compare Southern Ocean wind forcing with Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport. Winds are derived from five different products: ERS winds that have been bin-averaged, weekly gridded ERS winds produced by the Centre ERS d'Archivage et de Traitement, 5 day winds from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager, analysis winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and reanalysis winds from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Barotropic transport is estimated from the pressure difference between bottom pressure gauges deployed on either side of Drake Passage by Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. Surface transport is estimated from TOPEX altimetry. Results indicate that transport and wind forcing are coherent over a broad range of frequencies, corresponding to time periods of roughly 10-256 days. Highest coherences occur for winds at latitudes on the south side of Drake Passage. Barotropic ocean transport lags wind forcing not by a constant time interval but by a constant phase lag of about one eighteenth of a cycle at a broad range of frequencies, suggesting that the oceanic response to wind is controlled by both the tendency term and a frequency-dependent viscous process. Surface transport lags by a longer phase interval. Wind stress curl north of Drake Passage is more coherent with transport than is wind stress curl in the latitudes of Drake Passage, Ocean transport lags wind stress curl, suggesting that transport fluctuations are not governed by a simple Sverdrupian vorticity balance. Like the observations, general circulation model transports from the Parallel Ocean Program and from the Parallel Ocean Climate Model are coherent with wind stress from the south side of Drake Passage and with wind stress curl from latitudes north of Drake Passage. Unlike the observations, model transport and bottom pressure vary almost simultaneously with the wind and do not replicate the observed phase lags, implying that the effective model viscosity may be too large. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Univ E Anglia, Sch Math, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gille, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Stevens, David/F-2509-2010; Gille, Sarah/B-3171-2012; OI Stevens, David/0000-0002-7283-4405; Heywood, Karen/0000-0001-9859-0026; Gille, Sarah/0000-0001-9144-4368 NR 56 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C2 BP 2743 EP 2759 DI 10.1029/1999JC900333 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 401AN UT WOS:000166904900029 ER PT J AU Newman, AH Robarge, MJ Howard, IM Wittkopp, SL George, C Kopajtic, T Izenwasser, S Katz, JL AF Newman, AH Robarge, MJ Howard, IM Wittkopp, SL George, C Kopajtic, T Izenwasser, S Katz, JL TI Structure-activity relationships at monoamine transporters and muscarinic receptors for N-substituted-3 alpha-(3 '-chloro-, 4 '-chloro-, and 4 ', 4 ''-dichloro-substituted-diphenyl)methoxytropanes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS; 3-ALPHA-(DIPHENYLMETHOXY)TROPANE ANALOGS; ADDICTIVE DRUGS; COCAINE ABUSE; BINDING; LIGANDS; REWARD; POTENT AB The design, synthesis, and evaluation of 3 alpha-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane (benztropine) analogues have provided potent and selective probes for the dopamine transporter. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been developed that contrast with those described for cocaine, despite significant structural similarity. Furthermore, behavioral evaluation of many of the benztropine analogues in animal models of cocaine abuse has suggested that these two classes of tropane-based dopamine uptake inhibitors have distinct pharmacological profiles. In general, the benztropine analogues do not demonstrate efficacious locomotor stimulation in mice, do not fully substitute for a cocaine discriminative stimulus, and are not appreciably self-administered in rhesus monkeys. These compounds are generally more potent than cocaine as dopamine uptake inhibitors in vitro, although their actions in vivo are not consistent with this action. These observations suggest that differing binding profiles at the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters as well as at muscarinic receptors might have significant impact on the pharmacological actions of these compounds. In addition, by varying the structures of the parent compounds and thereby modifying their physical properties, pharmacokinetics as well as pharmacodynamics will be directly affected. Therefore, in an attempt to systematically evaluate the impact of chemical modification on these actions, a series of N-substituted (H, CH3, allyl, benzyl, propylphenyl, and butylphenyl) analogues of 3'-chloro-, 4'-chloro-, and 4,4"-dichloro-3 alpha-(diphenylmethoxy)tropanes were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for displacement, in rat tissue, of [H-3]WIN 35,428 from the dopamine transporter, [H-3]citalopram from the serotonin transporter, [H-3]nisoxetine from the norepinephrine transporter, and [H-3]-pirenzepine from muscarinic mi receptors. SARs were developed and compared to a series of N-substituted-3 alpha-(bis-4'-fluorophenyl)methoxytropanes. The present SARs followed previously reported studies with the single exception of the N-butylphenyl substituent, which did not provide the high affinity binding in any of these three sets of analogues, as it did in the 4',4 " -difluoro series. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the three parent ligands (1a, 2a, and 3a) were compared to that of 3 alpha-(bis-4'-fluorophenyl)methoxytropane which provided supportive evidence toward the proposal that the combination of steric bulk in both the 3-position and the N-substituent, in this class of compounds, is not optimal for binding at the dopamine transporter. These studies provide binding profile data that can now be used to correlate with future behavioral analyses of these compounds and may provide insight into the kind of binding profile that might be targeted as a potential treatment for cocaine abuse. C1 NIDA, IRP, Med Chem Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIDA, Intramural Res Program, Psychobiol Sect, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, AH (reprint author), NIDA, IRP, Med Chem Sect, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RI Izenwasser, Sari/G-9193-2012 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA09045] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 633 EP 640 DI 10.1021/jm000417f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 400GP UT WOS:000166864100016 PM 11170654 ER PT J AU Kliner, DAV Koplow, JP Goldberg, L Carter, ALG Digweed, JA AF Kliner, DAV Koplow, JP Goldberg, L Carter, ALG Digweed, JA TI Polarization-maintaining amplifier employing double-clad bow-tie fiber SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASERS AB We report a polarization-maintaining double-clad Yb-doped fiber amplifier employing bow-tie fiber. Borosilicate stress elements were incorporated into the inner cladding of the fiber, yielding a beat length of 5.1 mm at 633 nm. When the fiber was pumped at 975 nm and seeded with linearly polarized light, the polarization extinction ratio was >15 dB, independent of pump power, and the output power was as high as 3.5 W. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2320, 060.2420. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Redfern Fibres, Eveleigh, NSW 1430, Australia. RP Kliner, DAV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 184 EP 186 DI 10.1364/OL.26.000184 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 402FY UT WOS:000166976400002 PM 18033541 ER PT J AU Brochin, F Lenoir, B Bellouard, C Scherrer, H Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Brochin, F Lenoir, B Bellouard, C Scherrer, H Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Electrical properties of highly disordered bismuth-based composites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; HALL CHARACTERIZATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FILMS; SIZE; NANOWIRES; ALLOYS AB A pronounced classical size effect in the transport properties was observed in bulk bismuth-silica nanocomposites as a result of the limitation of the carrier mean free path by the grain size. From field- and temperature-dependent magnetotransport measurements, carrier mobility and density were explored in these highly disordered systems. The results clearly show modifications in the band parameters from those of bulk single-crystalline Bi. C1 Ecole Mines, UMR 7556, Phys Mat Lab, F-54042 Nancy, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brochin, F (reprint author), Ecole Mines, UMR 7556, Phys Mat Lab, F-54042 Nancy, France. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 7 AR 073106 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 406QW UT WOS:000167227500006 ER PT J AU Gerhold, S Nucker, N Kuntscher, CA Schuppler, S Stadler, S Idzerda, YU Prokofiev, AV Bullesfeld, F Assmus, W AF Gerhold, S Nucker, N Kuntscher, CA Schuppler, S Stadler, S Idzerda, YU Prokofiev, AV Bullesfeld, F Assmus, W TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy of single-crystalline (VO)(2)P2O7: Electronic structure and possible exchange paths SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHAIN COMPOUND (VO)(2)P2O7; SPIN LADDER; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VANADIUM-OXIDES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HYBRIDIZATION; DYNAMICS; NMR AB Using polarization-dependent V 2p and O 1s near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy, we studied the unoccupied electronic structure of single-crystalline (VO)(2)P2O7 It is highly anisotropic, and shows similarities to vanadium oxides like VO2 and V2O5 at the V 2p edge and at the O Is threshold. The contributions from V-O and P-O orbitals could be identified. The results rule out the spin ladder model for the magnetic behavior of (VO)(2)P2O7, but are consistent with the alternating chain scenario. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, Kristall & Mat Lab, D-60054 Frankfurt, Main, Germany. RP Gerhold, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IFP, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 7 AR 073103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.073103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 406QW UT WOS:000167227500003 ER PT J AU Kotlyar, R Reinecke, TL Bayer, M Forchel, A AF Kotlyar, R Reinecke, TL Bayer, M Forchel, A TI Zeeman spin splittings in semiconductor nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE QUANTUM DOTS; EXCITON BINDING-ENERGIES; ELECTRON G-FACTOR; HOLE G-FACTORS; FINE-STRUCTURE; HEAVY-HOLE; EXCHANGE INTERACTION; WELLS; RESONANCE; WIRES AB A systematic theoretical and experimental study of Zeeman spin splittings and g factors in semiconductor nanostructures is given. Six-band effective-mass calculations of electron, hole, and exciton spin splittings are made and are shown to account for experimental results presented here on In0.10Ga0.90As/GaAs systems for the size dependences of g factors in deep-etched quantum dots and wires and for the magnetic-field dependences of the Zeeman splittings in quantum wells. These effects are traced to band mixing, and an analytic form of the results is given that connects these two effects and describes their dependences on dimensionality. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Kotlyar, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 8 AR 085310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.085310 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 406FD UT WOS:000167203500053 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Anharmonic oscillator model for driven and vacuum-field Rabi oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCITON-EXCITON SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; QUANTUM-THEORY; POLARITONS; CAVITY; ATOMS AB The dynamics of electronic excitations coupled to photons in semiconductor microcavities is discussed using an anharmonic oscillator model to represent the electronic excitations. It is shown that this description, unlike the harmonic oscillator model, exhibits driven Rabi oscillations in addition to vacuum-field Rabi splitting, and the magnitude of the anharmonicity needed is discussed. In the limit of large anharmonicity, a two-level description of the electronic excitations is recovered. A picture of the anharmonicity arising from exciton-exciton interactions is discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 7 AR 075308 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 406QW UT WOS:000167227500058 ER PT J AU Kajzar, F Okada-Shudo, Y Meritt, C Kafafi, Z AF Kajzar, F Okada-Shudo, Y Meritt, C Kafafi, Z TI Second- and third-order non-linear optical properties of multilayered structures and composites of C-60 with electron donors SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Quantum Transport in Synthetic Metals (QTSM-1) CY MAY 10-11, 1999 CL SEOUL NATL UNIV, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA HO SEOUL NATL UNIV DE C-60; charge transfer; NLO properties; harmonic generation ID 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; FILMS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Second- and third-order non-linear optical properties of C-60 based multilayered charge transfer structures with TPP, TPD and TPN molecules, acting as electron donors, are studied by the transverse optical second and third harmonic generation techniques. The studied structures are of ABABAB... and ABCABC... type, where layer A is made from electron accepting molecules (C-60), layer B from electron donating (TPN. TPD or TPP) and layer C from neutral molecules (MgF2). The typical thickness of individual layers is about 2 nm. A significant increase of SHG is observed in ABCABC... type structures, where an effective charge transfer is expected with creation of a non-centrosymmetry in the perpendicular direction to the layers. The largest chi ((C)) (-2 omega;omega,omega) susceptibility is obtained with multilayers containing rubrene (TPN). The SHG generation experiments performed on thin films with different thicknesses show that the non-linear optical response comes from the bulk material and not from the interfaces. A quadratic dependence of SHG intensity on input power is also observed, showing that the charge transfer takes place at the ground state. No increase of third-order NLO response is observed, as compared to the net materials. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Etud Saclay, GCO, SPE, DEIN,LETI Technol Avancees,CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Electrocommun, Tokyo, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kajzar, F (reprint author), Ctr Etud Saclay, GCO, SPE, DEIN,LETI Technol Avancees,CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 117 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00498-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 402CE UT WOS:000166967800040 ER PT J AU Leon, C Rivera, A Varez, A Sanz, J Santamaria, J Ngai, KL AF Leon, C Rivera, A Varez, A Sanz, J Santamaria, J Ngai, KL TI Origin of constant loss in ionic conductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY; AC CONDUCTIVITY; NONLINEAR LATTICES; SLOW RELAXATION; OXIDE GLASSES; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; MELTS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have analyzed the constant loss contribution to the ac conductivity in the frequency range 10 Hz-1 MHz and temperatures down to 8 K, for two Li ionic conductors, one crystalline (Li0.18La0.61TiO3) and the other glassy (61SiO(2). 35Li(2)O . 3Al(2)O(3).P2O5). As temperature is increased a crossover is observed from a nearly constant loss to a fractional power law frequency dependence of the ac conductivity. At any fixed frequency omega, this crossover occurs at a temperature T such that omega approximate to nu (0) exp(-E-m/k(B)T), where nu (0) is the attempt frequency and E-m is identified with the barrier for Li+ ions to leave their wells. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, GFMC, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Ingn, Escuela Politecn Super, Leganes 28911, Spain. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Leon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Fis, GFMC, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; varez, alejandro/F-7038-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; varez, alejandro/0000-0002-8606-5520; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 NR 37 TC 165 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 7 BP 1279 EP 1282 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1279 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 401BT UT WOS:000166907600034 PM 11178063 ER PT J AU Bazell, D Aha, DW AF Bazell, D Aha, DW TI Ensembles of classifiers for morphological galaxy classification SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; methods : data analysis; methods : numerical ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; DECISION TREES AB We compare the use of three algorithms for performing automated morphological galaxy classification using a sample of 800 galaxies. Classifiers are created using a single training set as well as bootstrap replicates of the training set, producing an ensemble of classifiers. We use a Naive Bayes classifier, a neural network trained with backpropagation, and a decision-tree induction algorithm with pruning. Previous work in the field has emphasized backpropagation networks and decision trees. The Naive Bayes classifier is easy to understand and implement and often works remarkably well on real-world data. For each of these algorithms, we examine the classification accuracy of individual classifiers using 10-fold cross validation and of ensembles of classifiers trained using 25 bootstrap data sets and tested on the same cross-validation test sets. Our results show that (1) the neural network produced the best individual classifiers (lowest classification error) for the majority of cases, (2) the ensemble approach significantly reduced the classification error for the neural network and the decision-tree classifiers but not for the Naive Bayes classifier, (3) the ensemble approach worked better for decision trees (typical error reduction of 12%-23%) than for the neural network (typical error reduction of 7%-12%), and (4) the relative improvement when using ensembles decreases as the number of output classes increases. While more extensive comparisons are needed (e.g., a variety of data and classifiers), our work is the first demonstration that the ensemble approach can significantly increase the performance of certain automated classification methods when applied to the domain of morphological galaxy classification. C1 Eureka Sci Inc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. USN, Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bazell, D (reprint author), Eureka Sci Inc, 6509 Evensong Mews, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2001 VL 548 IS 1 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1086/318696 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401QN UT WOS:000166939900018 ER PT J AU Drake, JJ Brickhouse, NS Kashyap, V Laming, JM Huenemoerder, DP Smith, R Wargelin, BJ AF Drake, JJ Brickhouse, NS Kashyap, V Laming, JM Huenemoerder, DP Smith, R Wargelin, BJ TI Enhanced noble gases in the coronae of active stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : late-type; Sun : corona; X-rays : stars ID ASCA OBSERVATIONS; RAY MEASUREMENTS; AR LACERTAE; SOLAR; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION; HELIUM; EUVE; TEMPERATURE; ELEMENTS AB We have analyzed Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating spectra of the active RS CVn-type binary V711 Tauri (HR 1099; HD 22468) in order to examine the chemical composition of its coronae. Observed fluxes and flux upper limits for spectral lines from a range of charge states of iron, covering species Fe XVI- Fe XXV, have been used to determine the emission measure distribution as a function of temperature, while the observed Fe line-to-continuum ratio has been used to examine the absolute iron abundance, Fe/H. Abundances of elements O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Ar relative to both Fe and H have been estimated by comparison of observed line fluxes with predictions based on the emission measure distribution. We confirm results of earlier studies finding the coronae of V711 Tau to be metal-poor and derive an iron abundance of Fe/H = 7.0 +/- 0.1. We find the noble gas elements Ne and Ar to be enhanced relative to the local cosmic value and enhanced by an order of magnitude relative to Fe. Very mild enhancements of O and Mg relative to Fe are also discerned. By examination of coronal abundances of Ne relative to Fe culled from the literature, in addition to Ne lines seen in hitherto unpublished Chandra spectra, we conclude that large Ne abundance enhancements are a common feature of active stellar coronae. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Drake, JJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-3,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 34 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2001 VL 548 IS 1 BP L81 EP L85 DI 10.1086/318933 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401QV UT WOS:000166940500020 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL AF Gopalswamy, N Yashiro, S Kaiser, ML Howard, RA Bougeret, JL TI Radio signatures of coronal mass ejection interaction: Coronal mass ejection cannibalism? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) Sun : flares; Sun : prominences; Sun : radio radiation ID EMISSIONS; WIND AB We report the first detection at long radio wavelengths of interaction between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the interplanetary medium. The radio signature is in the form of intense continuum-like radio emission following an interplanetary type II burst. At the time of the radio enhancement, coronagraphic images show a fast CME overtaking a slow CME. We interpret the radio enhancement as a consequence of shock strengthening when the shock ahead of the fast CME plows through the core of the preceding slow CME. The duration of the radio enhancement is consistent with the transit time of the CME-driven shock through the core of the slow CME. As a consequence of the interaction, the core of the slow CME changed its trajectory significantly. Based on the emission characteristics of the radio enhancement, we estimate the density of the core of the slow CME to be similar to4 x 10(4) cm(-3). The CME interaction has important implications for space weather prediction based on halo CMEs: some of the false alarms could be accounted for by CME interactions. The observed CME interaction could also explain some of the complex ejecta at 1 AU, which have unusual composition. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Paris, Meudon, France. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Ctr Solar Phys & Space Weather, 620 Michigan Ave, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012 NR 10 TC 180 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2001 VL 548 IS 1 BP L91 EP L94 DI 10.1086/318939 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401QV UT WOS:000166940500022 ER PT J AU Bates, JW Knoll, DA Rider, WJ Lowrie, RB Mousseau, VA AF Bates, JW Knoll, DA Rider, WJ Lowrie, RB Mousseau, VA TI On consistent time-integration methods for radiation hydrodynamics in the equilibrium diffusion limit: Low-energy-density regime SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE finite-volume methods; radiation hydrodynamics; nonlinear iterative schemes; Newton-Krylov ID NEWTON-KRYLOV METHOD; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; HEAT-CONDUCTION; EQUATIONS; SOLVERS; SYSTEMS; SCHEME AB We compare the accuracy of three, mixed explicit-implicit schemes for simulating nonrelativistic, radiative hydrodynamic phenomena in the equilibrium diffusion limit. Only the "low-energy-density" regime is considered, where it is possible to ignore the effects of radiation pressure and energy density in comparison to the fluid pressure and energy density. The governing equations are then those of compressible Eulerian hydrodynamics with a nonlinear, radiative heat-transfer term appearing in the energy equation. All three finite-volume methods in this study utilize an explicit Godunov method with an approximate Riemann solver to integrate the Euler equations, but differ in their iterative treatment of the radiation diffusion term, which is handled in an "operator-split" fashion. In the first method, diffusive effects are computed with a linearized implicit technique that does not converge nonlinearities within a computational time step. In the other two methods, a Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov procedure is used to converge the nonlinearities, and improved accuracy (but not always greater efficiency) is achieved over the more traditional linearized-implicit approach. The two Newton-Krylov methods differ in their order of accuracy in time; one is strictly first-order accurate, while the other attempts to achieve second-order accuracy by making use of a predictor-corrector architecture. Several examples are considered to demonstrate the convergence properties of the three schemes, but attention is limited to spherically symmetric problems such as the one-dimensional point explosion. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat & Comp Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2001 VL 167 IS 1 BP 99 EP 130 DI 10.1006/jcph.2000.6661 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 405YF UT WOS:000167187600005 ER PT J AU Letvin, NL Bloom, BR Hoffman, SL AF Letvin, NL Bloom, BR Hoffman, SL TI Prospects for vaccines to protect against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CONTROL STRATEGIES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DNA VACCINATION; VIREMIA; MORTALITY; INDUCTION; SEQUENCE AB Given the scope of the worldwide health problems caused by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and malaria, it is imperative that vaccines be developed to prevent these infections. Recent advances in the understanding of these diseases suggest that T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity is important in containing these infections. The application of novel vaccine technologies for eliciting this type of immunity promises to provide successful vaccines for controlling the spread of these deadly infections. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med,Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Off Dean, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Letvin, NL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med,Div Viral Pathogenesis, 41 Ave Louis Pasteur,Res E 113, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 7 PY 2001 VL 285 IS 5 BP 606 EP 611 DI 10.1001/jama.285.5.606 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 397TV UT WOS:000166714200020 PM 11176867 ER PT J AU Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C AF Chen, LG Zheng, JL Sun, FR Wu, C TI Optimum distribution of heat exchanger inventory for power density optimization of an endoreversible closed Brayton cycle SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENGINE; PERFORMANCE; THERMODYNAMICS AB In this paper, the power density (defined as the ratio of the power output to the maximum specific volume in the cycle) is taken as the objective for performance optimizations of an endoreversible closed Brayton cycle coupled to constant-temperature heat reservoirs in the viewpoint of finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimization (EGM). The optimum heat conductance distribution corresponding to the optimum power density of the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers for the fixed heat exchanger inventory is analysed using numerical examples. The influence of some design parameters on the optimum heat conductance distribution and the maximum power density and the optimum pressure ratio corresponding to the maximum power density are provided. The power plant design with optimization leads to higher efficiency and smaller size. C1 Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Chen, LG (reprint author), Naval Univ Engn, Fac 306, Wuhan 430033, Peoples R China. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 3 BP 422 EP 427 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/34/3/329 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 403ZE UT WOS:000167072300034 ER PT J AU Stanish, I Santos, JP Singh, A AF Stanish, I Santos, JP Singh, A TI One-step, chemisorbed immobilization of highly stable, polydiacetylenic phospholipid vesicles onto gold films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; COMPETITIVE IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; LIPID BILAYERS; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; GEL BEADS; LIPOSOMES; SURFACES; ADSORPTION; SIZE C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6930,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 7 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1008 EP 1009 DI 10.1021/ja0056623 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 399ZJ UT WOS:000166843900039 PM 11456649 ER PT J AU Vachet, RW Hartman, JR Gertner, JW Callahan, JH AF Vachet, RW Hartman, JR Gertner, JW Callahan, JH TI Investigation of metal complex coordination structure using collision-induced dissociation and ion-molecule reactions in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE metal ion-ligand complex; collision-induced dissociation; ion-molecule reactions; electrospray; coordination number ID C-H ACTIVATION; GAS-PHASE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; H/D EXCHANGE; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDES; LIGAND; MANGANESE(II) AB A technique described previously using ion-molecule (I-M) reactions to determine metal complex coordination number has been combined with collision-induced dissociation (CID) in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Nitrogen-containing tripodal ligands complexed with some first-row transition metals [i.e. Mn(LI), Co(II), Fe(II), and Ni(II)I are generated by electrospray ionization, and the coordination number of these metal complex ions are determined in the gas phase using I-M reactions. Information about the coordination sphere structure (i.e. metal-ligand connectivity) is then gathered by dissociating the metal complexes, reacting their product ions, and comparing the coordination number of these product ions with their parent ions. Results suggest that a change in the coordination number upon dissociation allows identification of the functionality involved in coordination to the metal. Conversely, no change in the coordination number indicates either the lost functional group is not involved in the coordination or the ligand rearranges to fill a coordination site vacated by the dissociated group. Distinguishing between the two processes (i.e, when coordination number does not change) was very difficult in these studies, but results suggest that, in some cases, ligand rearrangement does not occur. Also, some product ions did not provide any useful coordination information upon reaction. In these cases the product ions either did not contain the metal or contained the metal in a reduced oxidation state. The preliminary results presented here are promising and suggest that with further investigation of the dynamics of metal complex I-M reactions, a combination of CID and I-M reaction may allow metal-complex coordination structure to be determined using mass spectrometry. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B,V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Callahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB 6 PY 2001 VL 204 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00335-3 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 401NL UT WOS:000166933800010 ER PT J AU Breen, ML Dinsmore, AD Pink, RH Qadri, SB Ratna, BR AF Breen, ML Dinsmore, AD Pink, RH Qadri, SB Ratna, BR TI Sonochemically produced ZnS-coated polystyrene core-shell particles for use in photonic crystals SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES; ARRAYS AB Zinc sulfide films were grown on carboxyl-modified polystyrene microspheres (PS-CO2) through sonochemical deposition in an aqueous bath containing zinc acetate and sulfide, released through the hydrolysis of thioacetamide. The resulting particles were "optically hollow", due to a large refractive index contrast between the core and shell materials. Continuous, uniform films were obtained after 3-4 h and reached a maximum thickness of 70-80 nm after 13 h of growth, as characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Aggregation was minimized by subsequent modification of the core-shell particles with mercaptoacetic acid to increase their surface charge and produce good colloidal suspensions. Oscillations in the optical spectra of dilute suspensions of the particles were indicative of interference patterns as expected from Mie light scattering calculations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns match the zinc blende structure of ZnS and indicate a compression in the crystal lattice (alpha = 5.305 +/- 0.037 Angstrom), as compared to the bulk material (alpha = 5.406 Angstrom). Hollow ZnS shells were formed by annealing the core-shell particles in a thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) oven, at 400 degreesC. A 34% weight loss was observed upon heating, a value approximately equal to that of the polystyrene core. The hollow shells remained intact and readily resuspended in water. Both core-shell and hollow ZnS particles self-assemble to form well-ordered, hexagonal close-packed layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Breen, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 230 Z9 244 U1 10 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 6 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 903 EP 907 DI 10.1021/la0011578 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 398PT UT WOS:000166765400050 ER PT J AU Rivas, C Lake, R Klimeck, G Frensley, WR Fischetti, MV Thompson, PE Rommel, SL Berger, PR AF Rivas, C Lake, R Klimeck, G Frensley, WR Fischetti, MV Thompson, PE Rommel, SL Berger, PR TI Full-band simulation of indirect phonon assisted tunneling in a silicon tunnel diode with delta-doped contacts SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI AB Full-band simulations of indirect, phonon assisted, interband tunneling are used to calculate the current-voltage response of a low-temperature molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown silicon tunnel diode with delta-doped contacts. Electron confinement in the contacts results in weak structure in the current-voltage characteristic. The structure is lost when finite lifetime effects are included. The approach uses the nonequilibrium Green function formalism in a second-neighbor sp3s* planar orbital basis. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas, Erik Jonsson Sch Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Raytheon Syst, Dallas, TX 75266 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Rivas, C (reprint author), Univ Texas, Erik Jonsson Sch Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RI Rommel, Sean/F-9654-2013; Berger, Paul/I-4063-2014; Klimeck, Gerhard/A-1414-2012; Fischetti, Massimo/A-4508-2012 OI Rommel, Sean/0000-0001-5996-0813; Berger, Paul/0000-0002-2656-2349; Klimeck, Gerhard/0000-0001-7128-773X; Fischetti, Massimo/0000-0001-5926-0200 NR 18 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 6 BP 814 EP 816 DI 10.1063/1.1343500 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 398CF UT WOS:000166737800044 ER PT J AU Deschamps, JR Moriarty, RM Gilardi, RD AF Deschamps, JR Moriarty, RM Gilardi, RD TI 1,4-bis(dinitromethyl)cubane SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CUBANE AB The title compound, 1,4-bis(dinitromethyl)pentacyclo[4.2.0.0 (2,5).0(3,8).0(4,7)]octane, C10H8N4O8, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c. The asymmetric unit consists of two half-molecules located about centers of inversion. There are no significant differences in chemically equivalent bond lengths and angles between the two half-molecules. C1 USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Deschamps, JR (reprint author), USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD FEB PY 2001 VL 57 BP o149 EP o150 DI 10.1107/S1600536801001374 PN 2 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 478DH UT WOS:000171327300042 ER PT J AU Ramamurti, R Sandberg, W AF Ramamurti, R Sandberg, W TI Simulation of flow about flapping airfoils using finite element incompressible flow solver SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID THRUST AB A finite element how solver based on unstructured grids is employed for studying the unsteady flow past oscillating airfoils. The viscous how past a NACA0012 airfoil at various pitching frequencies is simulated. The variation of the force coefficient with reduced frequency is compared to experimental and other numerical studies. The effect of variation of the amplitude of the pitching motion on the force coefficient shows that the critical parameter for thrust generation is not the reduced frequency but the Strouhal number based on the maximum excursion of the trailing edge. The flow about the airfoil in a combined pitching and heaving motion, a mode found in many insects, is also simulated. The effects of varying the phase angle between the pitch and the heave motions is studied. The thrust coefficient was compared with experimental studies and good agreement is obtained. It is found that the maximum thrust coefficient is obtained for when the pitch motion leads the heave motion by 120 deg and maximum propulsive efficiency occurs at a phase angle of 90 deg. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ramamurti, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tay, Wee Beng/B-1095-2010 NR 18 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.2514/2.1320 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 399ZQ UT WOS:000166844500007 ER PT J AU Lawenda, BD Thiringer, JK Foss, RD Johnstone, PAS AF Lawenda, BD Thiringer, JK Foss, RD Johnstone, PAS TI Merkel cell carcinoma arising in the head and neck - Optimizing therapy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the American-Radium-Society CY APR 01-05, 2000 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Amer Radium Soc DE skin neoplasms; Merkel cell carcinoma; wide local excision; head and neck; radiotherapy ID POSTOPERATIVE RADIATION-THERAPY; TRABECULAR CARCINOMA; LOCOREGIONAL CONTROL; SKIN; MANAGEMENT; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; BEHAVIOR AB Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine dermal neoplasm. Because of the limited number of cases described in the literature (approximately 600 to date), statistically significant data regarding treatment are difficult to obtain. The majority of MCC cases affect the head and neck and are thought to be caused by the actinic damage associated with sun exposure. This study evaluates cases of head and neck MCC at Naval Medical Center San Diego (NMCSD) and compares the treatment regimens and outcomes from multiple institutions. This study is a retrospective outcomes analysis of all cases of head and neck MCC seen at NMCSD, between January 1, 1988 and June 30, 1998. The records of the NMCSD Tumor Registry were searched for patients with that diagnosis, and supplemental information was retrieved from the Radiation Oncology and Head & Neck Surgery Clinic charts. Eight of nine patients in this study were treated with either wide-local excision or Mohs microsurgery. The surgical margins were free of disease in all eight patients. One patient presented with distant metastatic disease, and two others were subsequently found to have nodal involvement. Subsequent therapy varied among the patients. Survey of the available literature revealed inconsistency in terms of which treatment regimens are optimal. Tumor resections are recommended by most groups to include a 2-cm to 3-cm tumor-free margin around the primary lesion when possible, but this is often difficult to achieve in the head and neck. Data, which do not reach statistical significance, suggest improved outcomes with tumor-free margins. Treatment of the regional draining lymph nodes is also recommended in most series. Prophylactic lymph node dissection or radiation therapy to the nodal chain may decrease local recurrence but does not consistently affect overall survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy is advocated by most groups in the treatment of metastatic disease because MCC is pathologically similar to small-cell lung carcinoma. However, no chemotherapy protocol has been shown to improve survival. Head and neck MCC is a rare and aggressive dermal tumor of neuroendocrine origin that requires multimodality therapy, including surgery, radiation therapy, and possibly adjuvant chemotherapy. Multiinstitutional studies are crucial to obtain sufficiently large populations to investigate and optimize therapy in this disease. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 14, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD FEB PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1097/00000421-200102000-00006 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 404GA UT WOS:000167088000006 PM 11232947 ER PT J AU Clarke, SP Patrician, PA AF Clarke, SP Patrician, PA TI Entry into practice in Ontario - A new initiative may have implications for American nursing. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Nurse Corps, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NINR NIH HHS [T32 NR07104] NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 101 IS 2 BP 73 EP + PG 3 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 442EV UT WOS:000169273000049 PM 11227235 ER PT J AU Gardner, WP Shaffer, RE Girard, JE Callahan, JH AF Gardner, WP Shaffer, RE Girard, JE Callahan, JH TI Application of quantitative chemometric analysis techniques to direct sampling mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; WATER; MIXTURES; SPECTRA; MS AB This paper explores the use of direct sampling mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate chemometric analysis techniques for the analysis of sample mixtures containing analytes with similar mass spectra, Water samples containing varying mixtures of toluene, ethyl benzene, and cumene were analyzed by purge-and-trap/direct sampling mass spectrometry. Multivariate calibration models were built using partial least-squares regression (PLS), trilinear partial least-squares regression (tri-PLS), and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), with the latter two methods taking advantage of the differences in the temporal profiles of the analytes. The prediction errors for each model were compared to those obtained with simple univariate regression. Multivariate quantitative methods were found to be superior to univariate regression when a unique ion for quantitation could not be found. For prediction samples that contained unmodeled, interfering compounds, PARAFAC outperformed the other analysis methods. The uniqueness of the PARAFAC model allows for estimation of the mass spectra of the interfering compounds, which can be subsequently identified via visual inspection or a library search. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NRL, Geo Ctrs Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Callahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6115,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 3 BP 596 EP 605 DI 10.1021/ac000690p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 398WV UT WOS:000166780200036 PM 11217768 ER PT J AU Eastham, JH AF Eastham, JH TI Postpartum alopecia SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE postpartum alopecia; telogen effluvium AB OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are effective treatments for postpartum alopecia. DATA SOURCES: Clinical literature identified through MEDLINE (January 1966-May 2000), EMBASE (June 1980-March 2000), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (January 1970-March 2000). Key search terms included alopecia, puerperium, and postpartum. DATA SYNTHESIS: Postpartum alopecia is a diffuse shedding of scalp hair that can begin two to five months following parturition. Few articles examine the treatment of this condition. Treatments in the form of thyroid supplementation, topical progesterone and estradiol lotions, and an oral contraceptive have been studied. All available studies on this subject have significant limitations, such as small sample size, absence of a control group, or subjective measurement of treatment response. Nondrug therapy for a related type of hair loss has been recommended and includes education about hair cycles and reassurance to minimize anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: From the available studies, no specific treatment has been studied well enough with sufficient treatment response to justify recommendation or to be termed effective. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Western Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm Practice, Pomona, CA USA. RP Eastham, JH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 35 IS 2 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 400HT UT WOS:000166866700016 PM 11215848 ER PT J AU Monahan, MC Fennell, EB AF Monahan, MC Fennell, EB TI Children's memory scale SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Clin & Hlth Psychol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Monahan, MC (reprint author), USN Hosp, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0887-6177(99)00064-5 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 415JB UT WOS:000167716900008 ER PT J AU Stassun, KG Mathieu, RD Vrba, FJ Mazeh, T Henden, A AF Stassun, KG Mathieu, RD Vrba, FJ Mazeh, T Henden, A TI A 10 micron search for truncated disks among pre-main-sequence stars with photometric rotation periods SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : evolution; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence; stars : rotation ID T-TAURI STARS; ORION-NEBULA-CLUSTER; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM EVOLUTION; MAGNETIC NEUTRON STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; X-RAY SOURCES; ACCRETION DISKS; SPIN EVOLUTION; YOUNG STARS AB We use mid-IR (primarily 10 mum) photometry as a diagnostic for the presence of disks with inner cavities among 32 pre-main-sequence stars in Orion and in Taurus-Auriga for which rotation periods are known and for which there is no evidence of inner disks at near-IR wavelengths. Disks with inner cavities are predicted by magnetic disk-locking models that seek to explain the regulation of angular momentum in T Tauri stars. Only three stars in our sample show evidence of excess mid-IR emission. Although these three stars may possess truncated disks consistent with magnetic disk-locking models, the remaining 29 stars in our sample do not. Apparently, stars lacking near-IR excesses in general do not possess truncated disks to which they are magnetically coupled. We discuss the implications of this result for the hypothesis of disk-regulated angular momentum. Evidently, young stars can exist as slow rotators without the aid of present disk locking, and there exist very young stars already rotating at nearly breakup velocity whose subsequent angular momentum evolution will not be regulated by disks. Moreover, we question whether disks, when present, truncate in the manner required by disk-locking scenarios. Finally, we discuss the need for rotational evolution models to take full account of the large dispersion of rotation rates present at 1 Myr; doing so may allow the models to explain the rotational evolution of low-mass pre-main-sequence stars in a way that does not depend on braking by disks. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Stassun, KG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, 475 N Charter St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 54 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 121 IS 2 BP 1003 EP 1012 DI 10.1086/318738 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 401QL UT WOS:000166939700030 ER PT J AU Erickson, WC Perley, RA Flatters, C Kassim, NE AF Erickson, WC Perley, RA Flatters, C Kassim, NE TI Ionospheric corrections for VLA observations using local GPS data SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astronomical techniques : interferometric; atmospheric effects; polarimetric techniques ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; INTERFEROMETRY; WAVES AB We have conducted an experiment to evaluate the usefulness of ionospheric data produced using the Global Positioning System (GPS) for making Faraday rotation and interferometer phase corrections at the NRAO Very Large Array (VLA). Four GPS receivers were installed at the VLA site - one at the array center and one at the end of each arm. A simple ionospheric model consisting of a vertical TEC, a horizontal gradient, and the azimuth of that gradient was developed and fitted to the GPS Total Electron Content (TEC) data from each receiver. The model was then used to predict the TEC in the observing direction. Ionospheric Faraday rotation and phase gradients were then estimated and compared with VLA measurements taken at frequencies of 322 and 333 MHz. We find that we can normally make Faraday rotation corrections that are accurate to less than or similar to 2 degrees, although one unexplained discrepancy remains. The interferometer phase shifts caused by large-scale (greater than or similar to 1000 km) ionospheric structures can be predicted by our model. However the phase shifts caused by smaller (less than or similar to 100 km) structures can be estimated only when the direction of observation lies within a few degrees of one of the GPS satellites. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perley, RA (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 366 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1080 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 404ZA UT WOS:000167131600037 ER PT J AU Lanza, AF Spadaro, D Lanzafame, AC Antiochos, SK MacNeice, PJ Spicer, DS O'Mullane, MG AF Lanza, AF Spadaro, D Lanzafame, AC Antiochos, SK MacNeice, PJ Spicer, DS O'Mullane, MG TI Extreme-ultraviolet transition-region line emission during the dynamic formation of prominence condensations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : prominences; Sun : UV radiation ID NONEQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION; SOLAR PROMINENCES; CORONAL LOOPS; QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; FINE-STRUCTURE; MODEL AB We calculated the emission expected in EUV transition-region lines during the process of dynamic formation of prominence condensations in coronal loops, as predicted by the thermal nonequilibrium model of Antiochos et al. We selected some lines emitted by ions of carbon and oxygen because they are among the most intense and representative in the temperature range corresponding to the solar transition region. We present and discuss the principal characteristics of the line intensities and profiles synthesized from the hydrodynamic model at different times during the loop evolution. The ionization balance is computed in detail and the deviations from the ionization equilibrium caused by plasma flows and variations of temperature and density are accounted for. The atomic physics is treated using the latest atomic coefficients and the collisional-radiative theory approach. The synthesized carbon and oxygen lines exhibit a behavior significantly dependent on the variations of the plasma parameters inside the magnetic flux tube and therefore are suitable observational signatures of the processes giving rise to prominence condensations. In particular, a sizeable increase of line intensity as well as small blueshifts are expected from the loop footpoints during the first part of the evaporation phase that fills the loop with the material which subsequently condenses into the prominence. Once the condensation appears, line intensities decrease in the footpoints and simultaneously increase at the transition regions between the cool plasma of the condensation and the coronal portion of the loop. Line shifts are quite small in our symmetric model, and during most of the condensation's lifetime, the nonthermal widths are relatively small. These results can be compared with detailed ultraviolet observations of filament/prominence regions obtained by recent space missions in order to test the model proposed for the formation of solar prominences. C1 Osserv Astrofis Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-95125 Catania, Italy. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Computat Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Osserv Astrofis Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM nla@sunct.ct.astro.it; dsp@sunct.ct.astro.it; acl@sunct.ct.astro.it; antiochos@nrl.navy.mil; martin.omullane@jet.uk RI MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; Lanzafame, Alessandro/A-1129-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; Lanzafame, Alessandro/0000-0002-2697-3607 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 547 IS 2 BP 1116 EP 1129 DI 10.1086/318410 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 397ZF UT WOS:000166728300052 ER PT J AU Einaudi, G Chibbaro, S Dahlburg, RB Velli, M AF Einaudi, G Chibbaro, S Dahlburg, RB Velli, M TI Plasmoid formation and acceleration in the solar streamer belt SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; solar wind ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; CORONAL STREAMERS; RESISTIVE INSTABILITIES; FLOWING PLASMA; WIND; EVOLUTION; SLOW; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS AB The dynamical behavior of a configuration consisting of a plane fluid wake flowing in a current sheet embedded in a plasma sheet that is denser than its surroundings is discussed. This configuration is a useful model for a number of structures of astrophysical interest, such as solar coronal streamers, cometary tails, the Earth's magnetotail and Galactic center nonthermal filaments. In this paper, the results are applied to the study of the formation and initial motion of the plasma density enhancements observed by the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) instrument onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. It is found that beyond the helmet cusp of a coronal streamer, the magnetized wake configuration is resistively unstable, that a traveling magnetic island develops at the center of the streamer, and that density enhancements occur within the magnetic islands. As the massive magnetic island travels outward, both its speed and width increase. The island passively traces the acceleration of the inner part of the wake. The values of the acceleration and density contrasts are in good agreement with LASCO observations. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Sez A, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Berkeley Res Associates Inc, Springfield, VA USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Einaudi, G (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Torricelli 2, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. EM einaudi@dif.unipi.it; chibb@crs4.it; rdahlbur@lcp.nrl.navy.mil; velli@arcetri.astro.it NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 547 IS 2 BP 1167 EP 1177 DI 10.1086/318400 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 397ZF UT WOS:000166728300056 ER PT J AU Marcum, PM O'Connell, RW Fanelli, MN Cornett, RH Waller, WH Bohlin, RC Neff, SG Roberts, MS Smith, AM Cheng, KP Collins, NR Hennessy, GS Hill, JK Hill, RS Hintzen, P Landsman, WB Ohl, RG Parise, RA Smith, EP Freedman, WL Kuchinski, LE Madore, B Angione, R Palma, C Talbert, F Stecher, TP AF Marcum, PM O'Connell, RW Fanelli, MN Cornett, RH Waller, WH Bohlin, RC Neff, SG Roberts, MS Smith, AM Cheng, KP Collins, NR Hennessy, GS Hill, JK Hill, RS Hintzen, P Landsman, WB Ohl, RG Parise, RA Smith, EP Freedman, WL Kuchinski, LE Madore, B Angione, R Palma, C Talbert, F Stecher, TP TI An ultraviolet/optical atlas of bright galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : structure; ultraviolet : galaxies ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; H-II REGIONS; CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; STAR-FORMATION RATE; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; IMAGING TELESCOPE; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; SPIRAL GALAXIES AB We present wide-field imagery and photometry of 43 selected nearby galaxies of all morphological types at ultraviolet and optical wavelengths. The ultraviolet (UV) images, in two broad bands at 1500 and 2500 Angstrom, were obtained using the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) during the Astro-1 Spacelab mission. The UV images have similar to3 " resolution, and the comparison sets of ground-based CCD images (in one or more of B, V, R, and H alpha) have pixel scales and fields of view closely matching the UV frames. The atlas consists of multiband images and plots of UV/optical surface brightness and color profiles. Other associated parameters, such as integrated photometry and half-light radii, are tabulated. In an appendix, we discuss the sensitivity of different wavebands to a galaxy's star formation history in the form of " history weighting functions II and emphasize the importance of UV observations as probes of evolution during the past 10-1000 Myr. We find that UV galaxy morphologies are usually significantly different from visible band morphologies as a consequence of spatially inhomogeneous stellar populations. Differences are quite pronounced for systems in the middle range of Hubble types, Sa through Sc, but less so for ellipticals or late-type disks. Normal ellipticals and large spiral bulges are fainter and more compact in the UV. However, they typically exhibit smooth UV profiles with far-UV/optical color gradients which are larger than any at optical/IR wavelengths. The far-UV light in these cases is probably produced by extreme horizontal branch stars and their descendants in the dominant, low-mass, metal-rich population. The cool stars in the large bulges of Sa and Sb spirals fade in the UV while hot OB stars in their disks brighten, such that their Hubble classifications become significantly later. In the far-UV, early-type spirals often appear as peculiar, ringlike systems. In some spiral disks, UV-bright structures closely outline the spiral pattern; in others, the disks can be much more fragmented and chaotic than at optical wavelengths. Contributions by bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to the integrated UV light in our sample range from less than 10% to nearly 100%. A number of systems have unusual UV-bright structures in their inner disks, including rings, compact knots, and starburst nuclei, which could easily dominate the UV light in high-redshift analogs. A significant but variable fraction of the far-UV light in spiral disks is diffuse rather than closely concentrated to star-forming regions. Dust in normal spiral disks does not control UV morphologies, even in some highly inclined disk systems. The heaviest extinction is apparently confined to thin layers and the immediate vicinity of young H II complexes; the UV light emerges from thicker star distributions, regions evacuated of dust by photodestruction or winds, or by virtue of strong dust clumpiness. Only in cases where the dust layers are disturbed does dust appear to be a major factor in UV morphology. The UV-bright plume of M82 indicates that dust scattering of UV photons can be important in some cases. In a companion paper, we discuss far-UV data from the Astro-2 mission and optical comparisons for another 35 galaxies, emphasizing face-on spirals. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon ITSS, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Comp Sci Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 298840, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. EM p.marcum@tcu.edu; rwo@virginia.edu; fanelli@unt.edu NR 187 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 132 IS 2 BP 129 EP 198 DI 10.1086/318953 PN 1 PG 70 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 402KP UT WOS:000166986400001 ER PT J AU Shender, BS Heffner, PL AF Shender, BS Heffner, PL TI Dynamic strength capabilities of small-stature females to perform high-performance flight tasks SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE women; dynamic strength; high-performance flight; G-stress; EMG; small-stature AB Background: Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division investigated the abilities of small-stature females (less than or equal to 120 lb.) to fly under G-stress using the Dynamic Flight Simulator (DFS) and its tactical fight/attack cockpit, displays and controls. The objective was to determine if these individuals possess sufficient upper-body muscular endurance to perform tasks required during fighter-pilot training, aerial combat maneuvers, and failure modes. Methods: Five female subjects (four small-stature and one medium) participated. DFS tasks featured bombing runs, surface-to-air missile (SAM) avoidance, and single engine failure. Muscular exertion and fatigue (arm, shoulder, neck) were assessed using electromyography. Results: During the most physically taxing simulation (SAM avoidance), flight performance did not significantly degrade over time. No statistically significant increase in muscular fatigue was found during the bombing simulation, though there was some evidence of degraded fine muscle control. Evidence of flexor and extensor muscular fatigue was associated with the single-engine-failure simulation. Conclusions: Within the scope of these tests, small-stature individuals demonstrated the strength and endurance to safely fly physically strenuous missions. However, a larger subject sample is necessary to increase the statistical power of the results. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Shender, BS (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Bldg 2187,Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM ShenderBS@navair.navy.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 72 IS 2 BP 89 EP 99 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 398EJ UT WOS:000166743600001 PM 11211049 ER PT J AU Shender, BS Heffner, PL AF Shender, BS Heffner, PL TI Dynamic strength capabilities of small-stature females to eject and support added head weight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE women; dynamic strength; ejection; G-stress; added head weight; EMG ID ENDURANCE AB Background: Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division investigated the abilities of small-stature females (less than or equal to 120 lb) to fly under G-stress using the Dynamic Flight Simulator (DFS) and its tactical fight/attack cockpit, displays and controls. Objectives: Determine ability to exert NACES ejection seat actuation pull force under static, acceleration and simulated flight conditions; support up to 5 lb of added head weight (AHW) under catapult, arrestment, and aerial combat maneuver G-loads; and reach all controls. Methods: Seven female subjects (six small and one medium stature) participated. The AHW task included three helmet weights, 3.5 lb (standard configuration), 4.25 lb and 5 lb and subjects were tasked to accurately read cockpit displays. Muscular exertion and fatigue (arm, shoulder, neck) assessment used electromyography (EMC). Limits in overall reach and throttle and stick movements were measured. Results: Subjects successfully ejected using a two-hand grip under G-stress. Subjects read all displays supporting 5 lb under +6 Gz. Most small-stature subjects could not fully support their heads wearing 3.5 Ib helmet during fiat spin conditions. Conclusions: Within the scope of these tests, small-stature subjects demonstrated the strength to safely initiate ejection during severe physically-taxing dynamic conditions but had difficulty supporting AHW under -Gx stress. Human factors deficiencies were noted in the areas of torso harness fit, inertia reel placement relative to shoulder width, and the ability maintain a full range of stick motion. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,S Engn Ctr, Crew Syst Dept,Environm Physiol & Human Physiol P, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Shender, BS (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,S Engn Ctr, Crew Syst Dept,Environm Physiol & Human Physiol P, Bldg 2187,Suite 2280,48110 Shaw Rd,Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. EM ShenderBS@navair.navy.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 72 IS 2 BP 100 EP 109 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 398EJ UT WOS:000166743600002 PM 11211037 ER PT J AU Grem, JL Quinn, M Ismail, AS Takimoto, CH Lush, R Liewehr, DJ Steinberg, SM Balis, FM Chen, AP Monahan, BP Harold, N Corse, W Pang, J Murphy, RF Allegra, CJ Hamilton, JM AF Grem, JL Quinn, M Ismail, AS Takimoto, CH Lush, R Liewehr, DJ Steinberg, SM Balis, FM Chen, AP Monahan, BP Harold, N Corse, W Pang, J Murphy, RF Allegra, CJ Hamilton, JM TI Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of 5-fluorouracil given as a one-hour intravenous infusion SO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 5-fluorouracil; infusion duration; pharmacology; biochemical modulation ID INTERFERON ALPHA-2A; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; GASTROINTESTINAL ADENOCARCINOMA; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; ADVANCED HEAD; NECK-CANCER; FLUOROURACIL; LEUCOVORIN; COMBINATION; SURVIVAL AB Purpose: Clinical toxicity associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is related to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). Recently, short-term infusions of 5-FU given over 30 or 60 min have been substituted for conventional "bolus" 5-FU given over 3-5 min in randomized clinical trials, but there are only limited pharmacokinetic data for these altered infusion durations. We therefore wished to determine the pharmacokinetics and toxicity associated with 5-FU given as a 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion. Methods: A group of 22 adults with advanced gastrointestinal tract cancers and no prior systemic chemotherapy for advanced disease received interferon alpha -2a (5 MU/m(2) s.c., days 1-7), leucovorin (500 mg/m(2) i.v. over 30 min, days 2-6) and 5-FU (370 mg/m(2) i.v. over 1 h, days 2-6). The doses of 5-FU and interferon-a were adjusted according to individual tolerance. The pharmacokinetics and clinical toxicity were retrospectively compared with patients receiving the same regimen under the same treatment guidelines except that 5-FU was given over 5 min. Results: The regimen was well tolerated, and 41% of the patients tolerated 5-FU dose escalations to 425-560 mg/m(2) per day. Grade 3 or worse diarrhea and fatigue ultimately occurred in 14% of the patients each. Granulocytopenia, mucositis, and diarrhea appeared to be appreciably milder in the present trial compared with our prior phase II experience in colorectal cancer. The peak 5-FU plasma levels and AUC with 370 mg/m2 5-FU given over 1 h were 7.3-fold and 2.4-fold lower than previously measured in 31 patients who received 5-FU over 5 min. Conclusion: Increasing the length of 5-FU infusion to 1 h seemed to substantially reduce the clinical toxicity with this modulated 5-FU regimen, likely due to markedly lower peak 5-FU plasma levels and AUG. Changes in the duration of a short infusion of 5-FU clearly affects the clinical toxicity, but raises the concern of a potentially adverse impact on its antitumor activity, These results suggest the importance of including precise guidelines concerning the time over which 5-FU is given in clinical trials. Having a specified duration of 5-FU infusion is also important if 5-FU dose escalation is considered. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Natl Canc Inst, Med Branch,Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NCI, Biostat & Data Management Sect, Off Director, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Pediat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Grem, JL (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Natl Canc Inst, Med Branch,Div Clin Sci, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 8,Rm 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0344-5704 J9 CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM JI Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s002800000189 PG 9 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 412BX UT WOS:000167535100004 PM 11269737 ER PT J AU Coletta, JM Murray, JD Reeves, TR Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hemp, JR Hall, LD AF Coletta, JM Murray, JD Reeves, TR Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hemp, JR Hall, LD TI Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome: successful outcomes with multimodal therapy SO CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article DE subclavian vein thrombosis; stent; Paget-Schroetter; thoracic outlet syndrome ID PAGET-SCHROETTER SYNDROME; AXILLARY-SUBCLAVIAN VEIN; DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS; UPPER EXTREMITY; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; ANOMALIES; STENT AB Purpose: Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)can present with signs of arterial impingement or, more commonly, as venous obstruction. In an effort to decrease morbidity associated with vascular thoracic outlet syndrome, we have used an aggressive multimodal treatment approach. Methods: Since November 1992, we have evaluated 29 patients with Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome. Nine of ten patients with arterial thoracic outlet syndrome had first rib resections, Eighteen of 19 patients with venous occlusion underwent anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and first rib resection. Eight patients required additional endovascular therapy for persistent stenoses, either venous angioplasty alone (2) or angioplasty plus stent placement (6). Results: Follow up extends to 75 months with a mean of 24 months, Patients with stents have been followed for a mean of 38 months, Twenty-five of 28 patients managed with multimodal therapy were essentially asymptomatic at last follow up. Conclusion: Thrombolysis, anticoagulation, surgical decompression, and endovascular procedures act synergistically to improve results of therapy in patients with vascular thoracic outlet syndrome. (C) 2001 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Intervent Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Coletta, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 38400 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-2109 J9 CARDIOVASC SURG JI Cardiovasc. Surg. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0967-2109(00)00092-2 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Surgery GA 392WY UT WOS:000166436600003 PM 11137802 ER PT J AU Billings, L Bollt, EM AF Billings, L Bollt, EM TI Probability density functions of some skew tent maps SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article AB We consider a family of chaotic skew tent maps. The skew tent map is a two-parameter, piecewise-linear, weakly-unimodal, map of the interval F-a,F-b. We show that F-a,F-b is Markov for a dense set of parameters in the chaotic region, and we exactly find the probability density function (pdf), for any of these maps. It is well known (Boyarsky A, Gora P. Laws of chaos: invariant measures and dynamical systems in one dimension. Boston: Birkhauser, 1997), that when a sequence of transformations has a uniform limit F, and the corresponding sequence of invariant pdfs has a weak limit, then that invariant pdf must be F invariant. However, we show in the case of a family of skew lent maps that not only does a suitable sequence of convergent sequence exist, but they can be constructed entirely within the family of skew tent maps. Furthermore, such a sequence can be found amongst the set of Markov transformations, for which pdfs are easily and exactly calculated. We then apply these results to exactly integrate Lyapunov exponents. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Natl Sci Fdn, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bollt, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Natl Sci Fdn, Dept Math, Grant DMS 9704639,572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD FEB PY 2001 VL 12 IS 2 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(99)00204-0 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 380AT UT WOS:000165676700014 ER PT J AU Patschke, R Zhang, X Singh, D Schindler, J Kannewurf, CR Lowhorn, N Tritt, T Nolas, GS Kanatzidis, MG AF Patschke, R Zhang, X Singh, D Schindler, J Kannewurf, CR Lowhorn, N Tritt, T Nolas, GS Kanatzidis, MG TI Thermoelectric properties and electronic structure of the cage compounds A(2)BaCu(8)Te(10) (A = K, Rb, Cs): Systems with low thermal conductivity SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHALCOGENIDES; SALTS AB The anisotropic, two-dimensional structure of the compounds A(2)BaCu(8)Te(10) (A = K, Rb, Cs) fits the description of a "phonon glass electron crystal" (PGEC) which is proposed to be a desirable feature of a good thermoelectric material. It contains Cu8Te12 pentagonal dodecahedral cages filled with Ba2+ atoms. These cages are fused together to make [BaCu8Te10](2-) slabs which are separated by alkali metal atoms. Electronic band structure calculations on Cs2BaCu8Te10 at the density functional theory (DFT) level show a complex electronic structure near the Fermi level. The Fermi level falls in a deep valley in the density of states, a pseudogap in which very few states exist. Heat capacity, magnetic susceptibility, and infrared absorption measurements, however, suggest that these materials are narrow gap semiconductors with a band gap of approximately 0.28 eV. Electrical conductivity, thermopower, and thermal conductivity measured on polycrystalline ingots are reported, and the results are discussed in the context of the calculated electronic structure and the PGEC model. It is suggested that while the PGEC aspects of the compounds may have an effect on the thermoelectric properties, they are not the dominant factor responsible for the very low thermal conductivity of these materials. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Complex Syst Theory Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Marlow Ind Inc, R&D Div, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 613 EP 621 DI 10.1021/cm000390o PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 405CG UT WOS:000167139200062 ER PT J AU Cole, JA Widmer, NC Seeker, WR Schadow, KC Parr, TP Wilson, KJ AF Cole, JA Widmer, NC Seeker, WR Schadow, KC Parr, TP Wilson, KJ TI Research and development to improve naval shipboard waste management using a compact closed-loop-controlled waste incinerator SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Congress on Toxic Combustion By-Products CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV KARLSRUHE, KARLSRUHE, GERMANY HO UNIV KARLSRUHE DE acoustic; afterburner; vortex; pyrolysis; dump combustor ID COMBUSTION CONTROL; DUMP COMBUSTOR; MIXING LAYERS AB Research has been conducted into the application of forced acoustics for enhancing the performance of a pyrolyzed waste afterburner configured as a dump combustor. Subscale studies showed that acoustic forcing of an air jet entering a dump chamber could trigger the formation of coherent vortices generated by entrainment of ambient gases. Subsequent studies showed that combustible gases could be introduced into the coherent vortices, and with additional modulation this configuration would lead to an enhanced combustion rate with low emissions of pollutants. The acoustically forced burner concept was scaled up to practical levels and tested as an afterburner on a commercial waste incinerator operating in pyrolysis mode. Results show that the afterburner can promote both compactness, due to the rapid combustion rate, and low pollutant emissions resulting from enhanced mixing prior to combustion. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 GE Energy & Environm Res Corp, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Cole, JA (reprint author), GE Energy & Environm Res Corp, 18 Mason, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB-MAR PY 2001 VL 42 IS 5-7 BP 765 EP 774 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00250-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401VW UT WOS:000166950200036 PM 11219702 ER PT J AU Mazurek, MT Shin, AY AF Mazurek, MT Shin, AY TI Upper extremity peripheral nerve anatomy - Current concepts and applications SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIAL NERVE; TUNNEL-SYNDROME; MEDIAN NERVE; ULNAR NERVE; CARPAL-TUNNEL; COMPRESSION; ANASTOMOSIS; BRANCH; ENTRAPMENT; HUMERUS AB The nerve anatomy of the upper extremity is studied constantly through surgical findings, electrodiagnostic studies, and cadaveric dissections. Although it is recognized that the anatomy is not changing rapidly, knowledge of the anatomic relationships and their significance is increasing. The purpose of the current study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the nerve anatomy of the upper extremity to include innervation patterns, critical landmarks, and clinical applications, with particular focus on recent contributions in the literature. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microsurg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Shin, AY (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 65 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 IS 383 BP 7 EP 20 PG 14 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 397XD UT WOS:000166722800005 PM 11210971 ER PT J AU Shin, AY Bishop, AT AF Shin, AY Bishop, AT TI Vascular anatomy of the distal radius - Implications for vascularized bone grafts SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KIENBOCKS DISEASE AB The vascular anatomy of the distal radius and ulna is complex with a series of longitudinal vessels anastomosing with a series of arches. This complex anastomotic network of vessels has a consistent spatial relationship to surrounding anatomic structures and is constant in nature. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the distal radius and ulna has allowed the creation of numerous reverse flow pedicled vascularized bone grafts, which can be applied to carpal pathologic features to assist in the healing of difficult fractures or avascular necrosis. The anatomy and terminology of the vascular network and the implications, indications, and applications of this anatomy to carpal pathologic features is reviewed. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microsurg, San Diego, CA USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microsurg, Rochester, MN USA. RP Shin, AY (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Clin Invest Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 IS 383 BP 60 EP 73 PG 14 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 397XD UT WOS:000166722800010 PM 11210970 ER PT J AU Nowicki, MJ Coyle, WJ AF Nowicki, MJ Coyle, WJ TI Severe iron deficiency anemia and asymptomatic nodular gastroduodenitis: An uncommon presentation of Helicobacter pylori infection in a child SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SIDEROPENIC REFRACTORY-ANEMIA; GASTRIC INFECTION; LACTOFERRIN; ERADICATION; DUODENITIS; FEATURES; DISEASE C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Pediat, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Adult Gastroenterol & Nutr, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Nowicki, MJ (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Blair E Batson Childrens Hosp, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1177/000992280104000210 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 402TA UT WOS:000167003200010 PM 11261448 ER PT J AU Dey, S Shirron, JJ Couchman, LS AF Dey, S Shirron, JJ Couchman, LS TI Mid-frequency structural acoustic and vibration analysis in arbitrary, curved three-dimensional domains SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE hp-finite elements; infinite elements; fluid-structure interaction; structural acoustics ID ELEMENT AB A high-order finite element infrastructure is described for the numerical solution of the vibratory response of fluid-structure systems in the mid-frequency range. Underlying variational forms along with the use of an unstructured, topology-based, variable-degree, polymorphic finite element discretization scheme is described. Accurate numerical solutions to practical problems, including rigid and elastic acoustic scattering and interior acoustics, are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of the infrastructure. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dey, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 79 IS 6 BP 617 EP 629 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(00)00167-X PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 400QC UT WOS:000166882200005 ER PT J AU Pollock, J Morgan, D Denobile, J Williams, J AF Pollock, J Morgan, D Denobile, J Williams, J TI Adjuvant radiotherapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the rectum SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE gastrointestinal stromal tumor; rectum; subtotal resection; radiotherapy C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Pollock, J (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 46 IS 2 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.1023/A:1005581000712 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 413BB UT WOS:000167589100007 PM 11281173 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Field, MS Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM AF Mushrush, GW Wynne, JH Field, MS Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM TI A model study using fluorescein as a fluorescent probe for hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater; fluorescent dyes; fuel spills AB The quantity of gasoline and middle distillate fuels in transit and storage makes these fuels the most common hydrocarbon contaminants in groundwater. Groundwater cart be contaminated by hydrocarbons from surface spills, transportation accidents, leaking above ground storage ranks, leaking underground service station tanks, and leaking interstate pipelines. Groundwater flows can be tracked by many methods, but fluorescence detection of dyes is both simple and easy. Fluorescein is a dye that has been successfully used for tracing groundwater flow. This dye is easily detectable at the 10(-11) M concentration and is relatively nontoxic. Results from this study showed that gasoline-contaminated water does not reduce the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein, but that a like amount of middle distillate does diminish the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Fuels Sect, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD FEB-MAR PY 2001 VL 23 IS 2 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 410EX UT WOS:000167428000004 ER PT J AU Siegel, FR Kravitz, JH Galasso, JJ AF Siegel, FR Kravitz, JH Galasso, JJ TI Arsenic and mercury contamination in 31 cores taken in 1965, St. Anna Trough, Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; arsenic; mercury; pollution AB Several cores of 31 collected in 1965 in the St. Anna Trough, Kara Sea, have very high concentrations of Hg and As in surface/near-surface samples. Mercury contents range from 94 to 3915 ppb with a mean of 444 ppb and a baseline value of 314 ppb. Arsenic contents range from 5 to 710 ppm with a mean 51 ppm and a baseline value of 23 ppm. The Hg and part of the As loading is likely anthropogenic from industrial activities in Siberia via atmospheric emission and deposition onto catchments. This is followed by mobilization into fluvial systems and is added to be industrial effluent discharge. Post-depositional diagenesis from depth in the cores contributes to high As values. A north-flowing bottom current transports Hg- and As-bearing suspended material from the Ob River sea discharge zone to depositional environments in the St. Anna Trough. Dumping of military materials and other wastes into the Kara Sea from the late 1940s to 1991 has likely added to Hg and As loading in the trough sediments. The bioavailability of mercury from suspended materials may be the reason why higher than normal levels of these potentially toxic elements and found in European Arctic seabirds, ringed seal and polar bear. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22016 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Siegel, FR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4-5 BP 528 EP 542 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 402WG UT WOS:000167010700014 ER PT J AU Abrashoff, DM AF Abrashoff, DM TI Retention through redemption SO HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Corporate America and the U.S. Navy share one big problem: employee retention. Today's knowledge workers hop from startup to start-up. And 40% of the navy's new recruits leave the service before their four-year tours of duty are up. D. Michael Abrashoff came face to face with the navy's retention problem when he took command of the USS Benfold. Before he became captain, sailors couldn't get away from the ship fast enough. Today the vessel is the pride of the Pacific fleet, and sailors from other ships are clamoring to join its crew. In this firsthand account, Abrashoff explains how he got the ship and its crew back on course by breaking bad habits-personal and professional ones-and jettisoning old attitudes. During his 21 months aboard the Benfold, Abrashoff came to realize that in today's technology-intensive U.S. Navy, the traditional command-and-control style wouldn't work. And it hadn't-the Benfold's 310 sailors had cheered derisively when Abrashoff's predecessor had left the ship. So he defied 225 years of navy tradition in his quest to engage the sailors in their work, increase their performance, and keep them around for their entire tours of duty. He retained his crew by redeeming them-showing them how to be not just better sailors but better people, too. That meant breaking them down when they were at their worst and then building them up to reach their best. It also meant personal redemption for Abrashoff; he resolved to really listen to what his sailors were saying. The result? Cost-saving ideas for the entire navy and surging confidence and commitment among crew members. C1 USN, Bedford, MA USA. RP Abrashoff, DM (reprint author), USN, Hanscom Field, Bedford, MA USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI BOSTON PA 60 HARVARD WAY, BOSTON, MA 02163 USA SN 0017-8012 J9 HARVARD BUS REV JI Harv. Bus. Rev. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 79 IS 2 BP 136 EP + PG 7 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 396YZ UT WOS:000166667100018 PM 11213688 ER PT J AU Diachok, O Liorzou, B Scalabrin, C AF Diachok, O Liorzou, B Scalabrin, C TI Estimation of the number density of fish from resonance absorptivity and echo sounder data SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustic absorptivity; absorption loss; bioacoustic absorption spectroscopy; resonance frequency; transmission loss; swim bladders; biomass; number density; juvenile sardines; adult sardines ID TARGET STRENGTH; SHALLOW-WATER; PELAGIC FISH; ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; SCHOOLS; SEA; SWIMBLADDER; FREQUENCY AB This paper provides a comparison of number densities (number per m(2) in the horizontal plane) of pelagic fish, which were derived from acoustic absorptivity measurements and nearly coincident echo sounder and trawling data. Absorptivity measurements: were made with a broadband source (between frequencies of 0.6 and 5.0 kHz) as a function of time between a fixed sourer and a fixed receiver separated by 12km in relatively shallow (83m) water. The sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum) was the dominant species at this measurement site. The second most common species was the anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus): there were approximately twice as many sardines as anchovies. The number densities of all other species were small, Strong absorption lines were evident at the resonance frequencies of dispersed sardines. The frequencies of these absorption lines changed in accordance with the vertical migration of sardines at twilight. A correction for the influence of anchovies on the absorption lint, which was dominated by dispersed sardines at night was applied to the absorption-based estimate. Initial echo sounder based estimates of number densities, which were based on a "universal" pressure independent equation of target strength were corrected for pressure dependence. Attenuation by near surface bubbles, and avoidance. The corrected absorption based number density of sardines (1.4 m (-2)) was in excellent agreement with the average corrected echo sounder based estimate (1.0 m(-2)). These results suggest the possibility of estimating number densities from broadband, tomographic transmission-loss measurements over large areas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. IFREMER, Sete, France. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM orest@wave.nrl.navy.mil NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 137 EP 153 DI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0997 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 431ZM UT WOS:000168661700014 ER PT J AU Collins, LM Zhang, Y Li, J Wang, H Carin, L Hart, SJ Rose-Pehrsson, SL Nelson, HH McDonald, JR AF Collins, LM Zhang, Y Li, J Wang, H Carin, L Hart, SJ Rose-Pehrsson, SL Nelson, HH McDonald, JR TI A comparison of the performance of statistical and fuzzy algorithms for unexploded ordnance detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction; magnetometer; sensor fusion; statistical detection; unexploded ordnance detection ID PROBABILISTIC NEURAL NETWORKS; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; LAND MINE DETECTION; ARTIFICIAL VISION; MATCHING-PURSUITS; IDENTIFICATION; TARGETS; DISCRIMINATION; CLASSIFICATION; LANDMINES AB In most field environments, unexploded ordnance (UXO) items are found among extensive surface and subsurface clutter and shrapnel from ordnance. Traditional algorithms for UXO remediation experience severe difficulty distinguishing buried targets from anthropic clutter. Furthermore, naturally occurring magnetic geologic noise often adds to the complexity of the discrimination task. These problems render site remediation a very slow labor-intensive, and inefficient process. While sensors have improved significantly over the past several years in their ability to detect conducting and/or permeable targets, reduction of the false alarm rate has proven to be a significantly more challenging problem. Our work has focused on the development of signal processing algorithms that incorporate the underlying physics characteristic of the sensor and of the anticipated UXO target, in order to address the False alarm issue. In this paper, we describe several algorithms for discriminating targets from clutter that have been applied to data obtained with the multisensor towed array detection system (MTADS). This sensor suite has been developed by the U,S, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and includes both electromagnetic induction (EMI) and magnetometer sensors. We describe four signal processing techniques that incorporate features derived from simple physics-based sensor models: a generalized likelihood ratio technique, a maximum likelihood estimation-based clustering algorithm, a probabilistic neural network, and a subtractive fuzzy clustering technique, These algorithms have been applied to the data measured by MTADS in a magnetically clean test pit and at a field demonstration. We show that overall the subtractive fuzzy technique performs better than the alternative techniques when the training and testing data sets are separate. The results also allow us to quantify the utility of fusing the magnetometer and the EMI data, and we show that performance is improved when both EMI and magnetometer features are utilized. The results indicate that the application of advanced signal processing algorithms could provide up to a factor of two reduction in false alarm probability for the UXO detection problem. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, LM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 63 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1063-6706 J9 IEEE T FUZZY SYST JI IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1109/91.917111 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 420HT UT WOS:000168000100004 ER PT J AU Fowler, JE Fox, DN AF Fowler, JE Fox, DN TI Embedded wavelet-based coding of three-dimensional oceanographic images with land masses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE embedded coding; three-dimensional data compression; wavelet-based compression ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; HIERARCHICAL TREES; COMPRESSION; SPIHT AB We describe the wavelets around land masses (WAVAL) system for the embedded coding of three-dimensional (3-D) oceanographic images. These images differ from those arising in other applications in that valid data exists only at grid points corresponding to sea. Grid points that cover land or lie beyond the bathymetry have no associated data, For these images, the WAVAL system employs a 3-D lifting wavelet transform tailored specifically to the potentially sparse nature of the data by processing only the valid sea data points between land masses. We introduce successive-approximation runlength (SARL) coding, an embedded-coding procedure that adds successive-approximation properties to the well known stack-run (SR) algorithm. SARL is employed to code wavelet coefficients resulting from the 3-D transform in the WAVAL system. However, it is a general technique applicable to other coding tasks in which embedded coding is desired but for which zerotree techniques are impractical. Experimental results show that the WAVAL system achieves substantial improvement in rate-distortion performance over the technique currently used by the U,S. Navy for compression of oceanographic imagery. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, NSF Engn Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39539 USA. RP Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fowler@ece.msstate.edu NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1109/36.905236 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 407AT UT WOS:000167249800007 ER PT J AU Kenney, C Deng, Y Manjunath, BS Hewer, G AF Kenney, C Deng, Y Manjunath, BS Hewer, G TI Peer group image enhancement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE image enhancement; image smoothing; noise removal; nonlinear filtering ID MEDIAN FILTERS AB Peer group image processing identifies "peer group" for each pixel and then replaces the pixel intensity with the average over the peer group. Two parameters provide direct control over which image features are selectively enhanced: area (number of pixels in the feature) and window diameter (window size needed to enclose the feature). A discussion is given of how these parameters determine which features in the image are smoothed or preserved. We show that the Fisher discriminant can be used to automatically adjust the PGA parameters at each point in the image. This local parameter selection allows smoothing over uniform regions while preserving features like corners and edges. This adaptive procedure extends to multilevel and color forms of PGA, Comparisons are made with a variety of standard filtering techniques and an analysis is given of computational complexity and convergence issues. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kenney, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 16 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1109/83.902298 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 402YU UT WOS:000167016400014 PM 18249624 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Fernsler, RF AF Friedman, M Fernsler, RF TI Low-loss RF transport over long distances SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE high-power microwaves; RF transport; surface waves AB Electromagnetic RF energy can be transported over a kilometer or more using antennas, but the efficiency is low unless the injecting and receiving antennas are extremely large. Other means of transporting RF energy such as waveguides and coaxial lines are cumbersome, heavy, costly, and suffer large attenuation. This paper offers a different system for long-distance RF transportation. The key is to use nonradiating electromagnetic surface waves that propagate along thin metallic strips. This means of moving RF energy between two points is simple, inexpensive, lightweight, and has low attenuation. For example, the attenuation is less than 2 dB/km for an Al foil 6-cm wide and 0.002-cm thick. Thus, efficient guidance of surface waves over distances of many kilometers requires neither large antennas, waveguides, nor coaxial lines. Moreover, electric interference with the surroundings is minimized due to the large reduction in the radial extension of the electric field, and the conversion of the radiating electromagnetic waves to surface waves and back is efficient (up to 90%). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 49 IS 2 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1109/22.903095 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 402ZT UT WOS:000167018600012 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM Fernsler, RF AF Manheimer, WM Fernsler, RF TI Plasma acceleration by area expansion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE neutral etching; plasma sonic transition; plasma thrusters ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA; CROSS-FIELD INJECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MICROWAVE PLASMA; NEUTRAL STREAM; DISCHARGES; DEPOSITION; SIMULATION; ENERGY AB As the area of a plasma increases, the plasma can accelerate smoothly from subsonic to supersonic velocity, The singularity which ordinarily occurs at the sonic velocity is resolved not by charge separation, as is the case for a sheath, but rather by a zero in the numerator at the same spatial position as the zero in the denominator, the sonic point. That is, at the sonic point, the acceleration due to expansion just cancels out the deceleration due to ion and electron neutral collisions. It turns out that, in this configuration, the plasma can accelerate to about three times the ion sound speed. The electron temperature is determined by the geometry, gas species, and, mostly, by the gas pressure. Applications to the production of a stream of neutrals for etching, and to space plasma propulsion are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1109/27.912945 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 416DT UT WOS:000167765500012 ER PT J AU Weisman, S Wang, LN Billman-Jacobe, H Nhan, DH Richie, TL Coppel, RL AF Weisman, S Wang, LN Billman-Jacobe, H Nhan, DH Richie, TL Coppel, RL TI Antibody responses to infections with strains of Plasmodium falciparum expressing diverse forms of merozoite surface protein 2 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN G3 SUBCLASS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SURFACE-ANTIGEN-2 MSA-2; POLYMORPHIC ANTIGENS; STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY; CLINICAL MALARIA; CHILDREN; GENE; RECOGNITION; MSP2 AB Individuals living in areas where Plasmodium falciparum is endemic experience numerous episodes of infection. These episodes map or may not be symptomatic, with the outcome depending on a combination of parasite and host factors, several of which are poorly understood. One factor is believed to be the particular alleles of several parasite proteins to which the host is capable of mounting protective immune responses. We report a study examining antibody responses to MSP2 in 15 semi-immune teenagers and adults living in the Khanh-Hoa area of southern-central Vietnam, where P. falciparum is highly endemic; subjects were serially infected with multiple strains of P. falciparum. The MSP2 alleles infecting these subjects were determined by nucleotide sequencing. A total of 62 MSP2 genes belonging to both dimorphic families were identified, of which 33 contained distinct alleles, with 61% of the alleles being detected once. Clear changes in the repertoire occurred between infections. Most infections contained a mixture of parasites expressing MSP2 alleles from both dimorphic families. Two examples of reinfection with a strain expressing a previously encountered allele were detected. Significant changes in antibody levels to various regions of MSP2 were detected over the course of the experiment. There was no clear relation between the infecting form of MSP2 and the ensuing antibody response. This study highlights the complexity of host-parasite relationship for this important human pathogen. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Inst Malariol Parasitol & Entomol, Hanoi, Vietnam. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; Billman-Jacobe, Helen/0000-0001-5713-4657 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 69 IS 2 BP 959 EP 967 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.2.959-967.2001 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 394MW UT WOS:000166528700043 PM 11159991 ER PT J AU Gomez-Duarte, OG Pasetti, MF Santiago, A Sztein, MB Hoffman, SL Levine, MM AF Gomez-Duarte, OG Pasetti, MF Santiago, A Sztein, MB Hoffman, SL Levine, MM TI Expression, extracellular secretion, and immunogenicity of the Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2 in Salmonella vaccine strains SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; FOREIGN ANTIGENS; DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN; CVD 908-HTRA; FRAGMENT-C; MALARIA; PROTECTION; INDUCTION AB Deleting transmembrane alpha -helix motifs from Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein (SSP-2) allowed its secretion from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL3261 and S. enterica serovar Typhi CVD 908-htrA by the Hly type I secretion system. In mice immunized intranasally, serovar Typhimurium constructs secreting SSP-2 stimulated greater gamma interferon splenocyte responses than did nonsecreting constructs (P = 0.04). C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Levine, MM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, 685 W Baltimore St,Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45251, R01 AI029471, R01 AI040297, R01AI29741, R01AI40297] NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 69 IS 2 BP 1192 EP 1198 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.2.1192-1198.2001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 394MW UT WOS:000166528700073 PM 11160021 ER PT J AU Looney, RE AF Looney, RE TI Pakistan, Islam and economics: Failure of modernity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Looney, RE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 159 EP 160 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 409DL UT WOS:000167369200029 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Wood, WT Gettrust, JF AF Pandey, RB Wood, WT Gettrust, JF TI Gradient driven flow: Lattice gas, diffusion equation and measurement scales SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE diffusion; Fick's law AB Tracer diffusion and fluid transport are studied in a model for a geomarine system in which fluid constituents move from regions of high to low concentration. An interacting lattice gas is used to model the system. Collective diffusion of fluid particles in lattice gas is consistent with the solution of the continuum diffusion equation for the concentration profile. Comparison of these results validates the applicability and provides a calibration for arbitrary (time and length) units of the lattice gas. Unlike diffusive motion in an unsteady-state regime, both fluid and tracer exhibit a drift-like transport in a steady-state regime. The transverse components of fluid and tracer displacements differ significantly. While the average tracer motion becomes nondiffusive in the long time regime, the collective motion exhibits an onset of oscillation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD FEB PY 2001 VL 12 IS 2 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1142/S0129183101001687 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 439ZF UT WOS:000169146900010 ER PT J AU Bharti, V Xu, TB Cheng, ZY Mai, T Zhang, QM Ramotowski, T Wright, KA AF Bharti, V Xu, TB Cheng, ZY Mai, T Zhang, QM Ramotowski, T Wright, KA TI High electromechanical coupling factor and electrostrictive strain over broad frequency range in electrostrictive poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer films SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE electrostriction; P(VDF-TrFE); piezoelectric; coupling coefficient ID FLUORIDE TRIFLUOROETHYLENE COPOLYMER; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS AB Electromechanical coupling factor is one of the most important parameters for measuring the performance of materials for electromechanical transduction applications. In this paper, we will show that a transverse electromechanical coupling factor k(31) of more than 0.45 can be achieved in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer under certain electron irradiation treatment conditions. Tn addition, the effective piezoelectric coefficients of the irradiated copolymer have been found to increase markedly in comparison to non-irradiated copolymers. Experimental evidences also indicate that the improved electrostrictive strains in irradiated copolymer films can be maintained over a broad frequency and temperature range. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. MIT, Electromagnet & Elect Syst Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bharti, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/A-9841-2008 OI Cheng, Zhongyang (Z.-Y.)/0000-0001-7209-7380 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2A BP 672 EP 675 DI 10.1143/JJAP.40.672 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 426NQ UT WOS:000168355600046 ER PT J AU Gao, YK Chen, EH Ryu, J Uchino, K Viehland, D AF Gao, YK Chen, EH Ryu, J Uchino, K Viehland, D TI Eu and Yb substituent effects on the properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3-Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O-3 ceramics: Development of a new high-power piezoelectric with enhanced vibrational velocity SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE high power; piezoelectric; maximum vibration velocity; doping; Pb(Zr, Ti)O-3-Pb(Mn, Sb)O-3; rare earth metals ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; FERROELECTRICS; BEHAVIOR AB Improved piezoelectric materials with higher vibrational velocities are needed to meet the demands of advanced high power electromechanical applications. In this paper, the effects of Eu and Yb substituents on the vibrational velocity and the piezoelectric properties of Pb(Zr, Ti)O-3-Pb(Mn, Sh)O-3 ceramics will he reported. Both of these substituents resulted in a significant increase in the mechanical quality factor Q(m), a decrease in the dielectric constant, and improvements in the electromechanical properties. Root mean square value (rms value) of vibration velocity as high as 1.0 m/s under an electric field of 10 kV/m (rms value) has been found for Yb-substituted specimens, which is 1.7 times higher than that of Pb(Zr, Ti)O-3-Pb(Mn, Sb)O-3 ceramics and 3 times higher than that of the commercialized hard Pb(Zr, Ti)O-3 ceramics. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Seasyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Gao, YK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 24 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 17 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2A BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1143/JJAP.40.687 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 426NQ UT WOS:000168355600049 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Powers, J AF Viehland, D Powers, J TI Effect of uniaxial stress on the electromechanical properties of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) crystals and ceramics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB The electromechanical performance characteristics of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) ceramics and [001]-oriented crystals have been investigated under uniaxial stress (sigma). The results demonstrate that [001]-oriented crystals have an electromechanical coupling coefficient of similar to0.9 for sigma less than 4 x 10(7) N/m(2). The results also demonstrate that the acoustical energy density of ceramics and [001]-oriented crystals are not significantly different at field levels below 15 kV/cm. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, SeaSyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, SeaSyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 9 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 3 BP 1820 EP 1825 DI 10.1063/1.1335650 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 396NX UT WOS:000166644400045 ER PT J AU Viehland, D Li, JF AF Viehland, D Li, JF TI Investigations of electrostrictive Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 ceramics under high-power drive conditions: Importance of compositional fluctuations on residual hysteresis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB The high-field polarization behavior of electrostrictive Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 ceramics has been investigated as a function of measurement frequency, drive field, and temperature. It was observed that hysteretic losses increase with increasing frequency. Significant variations in loss were found between specimens of similar composition obtained from different sources, which became more pronounced with increasing temperature. The results indicate that careful synthesis and processing are crucial to the thermal stability of electrostrictive ceramics in high-power source applications. Further investigations revealed the potential use of accelerated aging by substituent introduction for mitigation of thermal stability concerns. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, SeaSyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Phys, S Kingston, RI USA. RP Viehland, D (reprint author), USN, SeaSyst Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 3 BP 1826 EP 1835 DI 10.1063/1.1335651 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 396NX UT WOS:000166644400046 ER PT J AU Kalinowski, J Picciolo, LC Murata, H Kafafi, ZH AF Kalinowski, J Picciolo, LC Murata, H Kafafi, ZH TI Effect of emitter disorder on the recombination zone and the quantum yield of organic electroluminescent diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INJECTION; GASES; FLUORESCENCE; MOBILITIES; FILMS; IONS AB The electroluminescence (EL) quantum yield (QY) of double- and triple-layer organic electroluminescent diodes based on a N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine /tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum III (Alq(3)) junction has been measured as a function of the electric field and the emitting guest (6,13-diphenylpentacene) concentration in the host Alq(3). The well-resolved maxima of the QY plots versus applied field for neat and low dopant concentration emitter layers (EMLs) shift strongly toward high fields and disappear at high dopant concentrations. Based on the EL QY data and the measured absolute photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the emitter, the recombination zone width is determined and shown to be a decreasing function of electric field for all of the diodes. The dopant reduces the width of the recombination zone at low dopant concentrations and increases at high dopant concentrations (>0.5 mol %). The results are discussed in terms of a two-step recombination mechanism, assuming disorder-controlled charge carrier mobilities. The dopant concentration effect on the recombination zone width and EL QY can be explained using the disorder formalism that predicts low dopant concentrations create a high degree of positional (off-diagonal) disorder whereas energetic (diagonal) disorder dominates at higher doping levels in the EMLs. The latter makes the recombination zone width as well as EL QY practically field independent. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gdansk Univ Technol, Dept Mol Phys, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kalinowski, J (reprint author), Gdansk Univ Technol, Dept Mol Phys, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. EM kafafi@ccf.nrl.navy.mil RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 3 BP 1866 EP 1874 DI 10.1063/1.1335820 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 396NX UT WOS:000166644400052 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM Wu, CI Kahn, A AF Bermudez, VM Wu, CI Kahn, A TI AlN films on GaN: Sources of error in the photoemission measurement of electron affinity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM NITRIDE; GAN(0001)-(1X1) AB This communication corrects an error in the value previously reported by one of the authors for the electron affinity (EA) of AlN. A brief discussion is given of the potential errors in photoemission measurements of EA which affect this and other studies. Finally, a recommendation is given for 1.9 eV as the "true" EA of wurtzite AlN. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI WU, CHIH-I/0000-0003-3613-7511 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 3 BP 1991 EP 1991 DI 10.1063/1.1333716 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 396NX UT WOS:000166644400074 ER PT J AU Binmoeller, KF Schafer, TW AF Binmoeller, KF Schafer, TW TI Endoscopic management of bile duct stones SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review DE endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; bile duct stones; choledocholithiasis ID CONSECUTIVE UNSELECTED PATIENTS; SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPSY; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; FOLLOW-UP; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; BILIARY ENDOPROSTHESIS; PAPILLARY DILATION; RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; BALLOON SPHINCTEROPLASTY AB The advantages of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) over open surgery make it the predominant method of treating choledocholithiasis. Today, technologic advances such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic surgery are challenging ERCP's primacy in the management of common bile duct (CBD) stones. This article reviews the current status of endoscopic treatment of biliary stones and examines this in relation to laparoscopic management. The techniques and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy and balloon sphincteroplasty are reviewed. Balloon sphincteroplasty should be: limited to study protocols because of safety questions and inherent limitations. After sphincterotomy, 85% to 90% of CBD stones can be removed with a Dormia basket or balloon catheter. These techniques are described as having both advantages and disadvantages. Methods for managing "difficult stones" include mechanical lithotripsy, intraductal shock wave lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, chemical dissolution, and biliary stenting. These approaches are presented along with data supporting their use in specific situations. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as the preferred alternative to open cholecystectomy. Parallel advances in the endoscopic and laparoscopic management of CBD stones have made the issue regarding the optimal treatment strategy complex. Three approaches to the management of choledocholithiasis in the laparoscopic era are presented as follows: strict therapeutic splitting, flexible therapeutic splitting, and strict laparoscopic management. The optimal approach needs to be defined in prospective comparative trials. For now, preoperative endoscopic stone extraction should still be recommended as the approach of choice in patients suspected to have CBD stones based on clinical, biochemical. and imaging parameters. Primary laparoscopic evaluation and management is reasonable in patients who have a low-to-moderate probability of having CBD stones. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Binmoeller, KF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 64 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 106 EP 118 DI 10.1097/00004836-200102000-00004 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 395JC UT WOS:000166576400004 PM 11205644 ER PT J AU Ragain, JC Johnston, WM AF Ragain, JC Johnston, WM TI Accuracy of Kubelka-Munk reflectance theory applied to human dentin and enamel SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Kubelka-Munk theory; reflectance; color; dentin; enamel ID COLOR AB The Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theory provides a reflectance model for translucent materials placed on backings of different colors. We hypothesize that Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theoretical diffuse reflectance spectra of dentin and enamel are in good agreement with observed diffuse reflectance. The aim of this study was to measure the reflectance of enamel and dentin specimens and to compare the measured values of reflectance with K-M theoretical values. Disc-shaped specimens of enamel, dentin, and enamel/dentin were prepared from extracted teeth. Diffuse reflectance spectra were measured on three backings by means of a reflectance spectrophotometer over every wavelength (lambda) from 400 to 700 nm at three thicknesses. The measured reflectance values were fit by non-linear regression to corrected K-M theory. The low value of the reported errors associated with the application of K-M theory illustrated that the theoretical diffuse reflectance spectra of dentin and enamel are in good agreement with the observed diffuse reflectance. C1 USN, Inst Dent Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Sect Restorat Dent Prosthodont & Endodont, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ragain, JC (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent Res, 310A,B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RI Johnston, William/E-8458-2012; OI Johnston, William/0000-0002-4977-6569 NR 15 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 80 IS 2 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 473EG UT WOS:000171026600009 PM 11332530 ER PT J AU Dawson, TH AF Dawson, TH TI Similitude in the cardiovascular system of mammals SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE allometric relationship; cardiovascular system; similitude; scaling law; mammal; bird; rate of oxygen uptake; heart rate ID BIOLOGY; SIZE; MASS AB Scaling laws governing the cardiovascular system of mammals are discussed in the present review in a manner emphasizing their experimental basis. Specific attention is given to the well-known experimental laws requiring the rate of oxygen consumption and the heart rate of mammals to vary with body mass raised to the powers 3/4 and -1/4, respectively. This review involves reconsideration and further discussion of the previous work of the writer in which these and other scaling relationships were developed from fundamental considerations. The predicted scaling la,vs remain unchanged from the earlier work, but alternative assumptions leading to the laws are used so as to provide additional insight. The scaling laws are shown to have their origin in the basic design of the cardiovascular system and in the basic processes involved in its working. Modification of the design assumptions of the system to account for known differences in the relative heart masses of mammals and birds is shown to lead to the scaling laws for rate of oxygen consumption and heart rate of birds. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Dawson, TH (reprint author), USN Acad, 590 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 4 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 204 IS 3 BP 395 EP 407 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 403NT UT WOS:000167049900001 PM 11171293 ER PT J AU Sarpkaya, T AF Sarpkaya, T TI On the force decompositions of Lighthill and Morison SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATORY FLOW; EQUATION; NUMBERS; SPHERE AB Lighthill's assertion that the viscous drag force and the inviscid inertia force acting on a bluff body immersed in a time-dependent flow operate independently is not in conformity with the existing exact solutions and experimental facts. The two force components are interdependent as well as dependent on the parameters characterizing the phenomenon: the rate of diffusion of vorticity, relative amplitude of the oscillation, and the surface roughness. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Sarpkaya, T (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1006/jfls.2000.0342 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 411PY UT WOS:000167509500002 ER PT J AU Walker, DN Amatucci, WE Ganguli, GI AF Walker, DN Amatucci, WE Ganguli, GI TI Characterization of Joule heating in structured electric field environments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE ION-ACCELERATION; MICROWAVE PLASMA SOURCE; CYCLOTRON WAVES; HIGH-LATITUDES; INSTABILITY; FLOW AB We have recently performed a detailed characterization of ion Joule heating perpendicular to an axial magnetic field in the laboratory in a simulated ionospheric plasma environment which contains localized electric field structuring. Since Joule heating is often regarded as an important mechanism contributing to energization of outflowing heavy ions observed by higher-altitude auroral satellites, this work has particular relevance to space physics issues, and, to our knowledge, has not been investigated systematically in a controlled environment. Since transverse (to B) ionospheric electric fields are often spatially and temporally structured, with scale lengths often as small as an ion gyroradius, the ability to systematically vary the spatial extent and magnitude of an electric field region and to observe the effect on ion energy is important. The experiment makes use of a concentric set of separately biasable ring anodes which generate a radial electric field with controllable scale length perpendicular to an ambient axial magnetic field. Joule heating results from ion-neutral collisions occurring within this transverse, de electric field. Until there is sufficient neutral pressure to raise the ion-neutral collision frequency (nu (in)) to an observable Joule heating threshold, ion cyclotron wave heating, which is induced by shear in E x B rotation, can be the primary channel for ion energization. We have discussed in earlier papers the conditions under which this occurs, and we have treated the transition between the two forms of ion heating. We concentrate primarily in this work on constructing the fields themselves and on the relationship between the subsequent collisional heating and the Pedersen conductivity as an initial indication of the validity of the measurement results. We are able to demonstrate that measurable heating is produced by even relatively small scale structures of the order of the ion gyroradius. In addition, we show that measured heating is consistent with predictions of joule heating as a function of ion-neutral collisions. Finally, this work can have major implications for ionospheric studies where large-scale electric fields are often assumed in the calculation of Joule heating. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Walker, DN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Code 6755,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A2 BP 1807 EP 1815 DI 10.1029/2000JA000181 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 395HV UT WOS:000166575700007 ER PT J AU Torok, PJ Flinn, SD Shin, AY AF Torok, PJ Flinn, SD Shin, AY TI Transthecal digital block at the proximal phalanx SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-BRITISH AND EUROPEAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID FLEXOR TENDON SHEATH; ANESTHESIA; FINGER AB This study assessed the efficacy of a modified transthecal digital block. Three-hundred-and-sixty consecutive digits were anaesthetised with this technique for the treatment of fractures, infections and foreign bodies. Complete palmar and dorsal anaesthesia was achieved in 357 of the 360 digits (99%), including 52 of 53 thumbs (98%), The technique was extremely easy to perform and no complications occurred. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Shin, AY (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. OI Shin, Alexander/0000-0001-9658-8192 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0266-7681 J9 J HAND SURG-BRIT EUR JI J. Hand Surg.-Br. Eur. Vol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 69 EP 71 DI 10.1054/jhsb.2000.0519 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 401HK UT WOS:000166922000021 PM 11162023 ER PT J AU Lau, AOT Sacci, JB Azad, AF AF Lau, AOT Sacci, JB Azad, AF TI Host responses to Plasmodium yoelii hepatic stages: A paradigm in host-parasite interaction SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL TOXIN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TNF-ALPHA; EXPRESSION; MALARIA; MACROPHAGES; BERGHEI AB The liver stage of malaria, caused by the genus Plasmodium, is clinically silent, but immunologically significant. Ample evidence exists for an effective CD8(+) T cell response to this stage as well as the involvement of gamma deltaT cells and NK1.1(int) cells in immunized animal models, In contrast, there is little information concerning responses in a naive host. Here we report that several host gene expressions in the liver, spleen, and kidney of BALB/c mice are altered during the liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii infection. Really interesting new gene 3 (Ring3), semaphorin subclass 4 member G, glutamylcysteine synthetase, and p45 NF erythroid 2 were all up-regulated 24 h after infection with P. yoelii. Semaphorin subclass 4 member G expression was elevated in the kidney, whereas Ring3 was elevated in both spleen and kidney. The expression of TNF-alpha (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) were down-regulated in all three tissues tested except in infected spleen where IFN-gamma was elevated, P. yoelii-related host gene changes were compared with those in Toxoplasma gondii-infected livers. Ring3 expression increased 5-fold over control values, whereas expression of the other transcripts remained unchanged. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma expressions were increased in the Toxoplasma-infected livers. The uniform increase of Ring3 expression in both Plasmodium- and Toxoplasma-infected livers suggests an innate immune response against parasitic infections, whereas the other gene expression changes are consistent with Plasmodium parasite-specific responses. Taken together, these changes suggest the immune responses to P. yoelii infection are both parasite and organ specific. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lau, AOT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1602 Mol Sci Bldg,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32AI075] NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 166 IS 3 BP 1945 EP 1950 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 396EE UT WOS:000166622700065 PM 11160243 ER PT J AU Clark, TR Currie, M Matthews, PJ AF Clark, TR Currie, M Matthews, PJ TI Digitally linearized wide-band photonic link SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion; digital receiver; fiber-optic link; microwave receiver; photonic system ID EXTERNAL MODULATION; FIBER LASER; ANALOG; DISTORTION; CONVERTER AB A photonic analog-to-digital (A/D) link with third-order distortion suppression is proposed and demonstrated. Experimental results with single-and two-tone analog input signals and a one giga-sample per second (GSPS) photonic A/D system with 500-MHz instantaneous bandwidth are presented. The application of a simple time-domain linearization scheme results in distortion suppression approaching 30 dB and allows optical modulation depths over 80%. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1109/50.917872 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 423VC UT WOS:000168197600004 ER PT J AU Feldman, JL Eggert, JH Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Feldman, JL Eggert, JH Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI Computations of vibron excitations and Raman spectra of solid hydrogens SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Cryocrystals and Quantum Crystals (CC 2000) CY JUL 28-AUG 04, 2000 CL SZKLARSKA, POLAND ID MIXED-CRYSTALS; DEUTERIUM; PRESSURES; STATES; H-2 AB Numerical calculations for the vibronic states in the mixed ortho-pars solid hydrogens are reviewed. They were performed within the supercell method on the basis of the Van kranendonk theory and the Raman spectra were calculated and compared with experiment. Anderson localization is a feature of the results especially in the Raman scattering region of frequencies and especially when the ortho-para mixture is substantial. A simple approximate Hamiltonian model has been used and is surprisingly useful, leading to a suggestion that at high pressures the high frequency peak of the vibron spectrum of a mixed system is due to anisotropic Raman scattering from the ortho (para) hydrogen (deuterium) molecules, even under the assumption that the orbital angular momenta are disoriented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Ctr High Pressure Res, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Feldman, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3-4 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1023/A:1004813220561 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 426JF UT WOS:000168345500030 ER PT J AU Healy, LM AF Healy, LM TI Computation of Lie transfer maps for perturbed Hamiltonian systems SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALGEBRAIC METHODS AB Time evolution of a Hamiltonian system can be viewed as a canonical transformation; therefore perturbations, giving rise to near-identity deviations from an unperturbed solution, can be represented by products of Lie transformations, or, together with the unperturbed solution, Lie transfer maps. In this paper I broaden the applicability to all perturbed Hamiltonian systems the method of Dragt and Finn and subsequent co-workers, who developed a representation using a product of Lie transformations factored by phase space variable order. In the present paper, perturbation parameters are no longer necessarily associated with the phase space variables; this method treats both "internal" and "external" perturbations on an equal footing, and a rank is assigned to each variable to reflect the degree of perturbation it represents. With the companion program PGLT, analytic development of the Lie transfer maps is relatively easy for many systems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Healy, LM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8233, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 42 IS 2 BP 698 EP 712 DI 10.1063/1.1331563 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 393NC UT WOS:000166475700010 ER PT J AU Wierzba, TF Abu El-Yazeed, R Savarino, SJ Mourad, AS Rao, M Baddour, M El-Deen, AN Naficy, AB Clemens, JD AF Wierzba, TF Abu El-Yazeed, R Savarino, SJ Mourad, AS Rao, M Baddour, M El-Deen, AN Naficy, AB Clemens, JD TI The interrelationship of malnutrition and diarrhea in a periurban area outside Alexandria, Egypt SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE children; diarrhea; growth; malnutrition ID INTERNATIONAL GROWTH REFERENCE; RURAL BANGLADESH; LONGITUDINAL DATA; CHILDREN; INFECTION; IMPACT AB Background: In the developing world, children are often observed to have both diarrhea and malnutrition. This observation has led many researchers to speculate that diarrhea may produce malnutrition and that malnutrition may predispose to diarrhea. In this study, the interrelationship between diarrhea and malnutrition was investigated among 143 Egyptian children less than 3 years of age. Methods: For 22 months, children were followed for diarrhea at twice weekly home visits and measured for nutritional status at approximately 3-month intervals. Nutritional measurements were converted to z-scores based on the National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization (NCHS/WHO) reference population. Results: Three hundred fifty-eight diarrheal episodes were reported with only 1% of episodes lasting 14 days or mon. Stunting, wasting, and low weight-for-age were found in 19%, 3%, and 7%, of these children, respectively. When testing whether malnutrition predisposes to diarrhea, a weight-for-age z-score of <-2 standard deviations was associated with increased incidence of diarrhea (RR = 1.7, P < 0.01) but not height-for-age or weight-for-height. Diarrhea itself was associated with a subsequent attack of diarrhea (RR = 2.1, P < 0.001). During short intervals of follow-up (approximately 3 months), an association was detected between diarrhea episodes and growth faltering for height-for-age z-score (-0.16, P < 0.05). This association was reduced, however, when analyzed during 6-month intervals, if no diarrhea was reported in either the first or second half of this interval. Conclusions: In a population with moderate malnutrition, both low weight-for-age and diarrhea itself are associated with increased diarrhea risk. Diarrhea alone does not appear to contribute substantially to malnutrition when children have diarrhea-free time for catch-up growth. C1 Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Alexandria, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Alexandria, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Appl Field Sci Div, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Enter Dis Res Program, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. RP Wierzba, TF (reprint author), NAMRU3,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09385 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 32 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1097/00005176-200102000-00018 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 418EZ UT WOS:000167879100017 PM 11321391 ER PT J AU Moon, MG Marrero, R AF Moon, MG Marrero, R TI Implant superstructure hygienic modification SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Natl Dent Ctr, Dept Maxillofacial Prosthet, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Moon, MG (reprint author), 1219 Cartley Ct, Woodbine, MD 21797 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 85 IS 2 BP 206 EP 206 DI 10.1067/mpr.2001.113343 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411RF UT WOS:000167512500019 PM 11208214 ER PT J AU Booth, JC Vale, LR Ono, RH Claassen, JH AF Booth, JC Vale, LR Ono, RH Claassen, JH TI Power-dependent impedance of high temperature superconductor thin films: Relation to harmonic generation SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Superconductors in High Frequency Fields CY MAY 24-27, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys Sci, Omnitel Pronto Italia DE high-temperature superconductor; microwave device; nonlinear response; surface impedance ID NONLINEAR SURFACE IMPEDANCE; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; MICROSTRIP RESONATOR; YBCO; FILTERS AB We present measurements of the power-dependent microwave surface impedance of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films, performed using patterned coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators at 5.87 GHz and 76 K. We compare these resonator measurements with third-harmonic generation measurements performed on CPW transmission lines of the same geometry patterned onto the same thin-film sample at the same frequency and temperature. We find that the power-dependent surface reactance X-s(P-rf) is directly related to the magnitude of the generated third-harmonic signal, indicating a common origin fur both of these manifestations of nonlinearity in high temperature superconductor (HTS) devices. These results are consistent with the nonlinear response generated by a current-dependent penetration depth lambda (J), which provides a material limitation on the linearity that can be achieved in any practical HTS microwave device. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1023/A:1007884206288 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 448BD UT WOS:000169606200010 ER PT J AU Rumerman, ML AF Rumerman, ML TI Estimation of broadband acoustic power due to rib forces on a reinforced panel under turbulent boundary layer-like pressure excitation. I. Derivations using string model SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NOISE; PLATE AB This paper shows that, when the attachment forces on a rib-reinforced panel subjected to turbulent boundary layer (TBL) excitation can be considered to radiate independently, the rib-related acoustic power in a broad (e.g., one-third octave) frequency band can be estimated as the product of the average mean-squared force, the real part of the radiation admittance of an attachment force, and the number of ribs. Using a simple model of a string with point mass or spring attachments, an approach is developed for estimating the average mean-squared force in broad frequency bands. The results are in a form that can be applied to ribbed plates and shells. The following paper establishes the condition under which the ribs can be considered to radiate independently, and presents the results of validating calculations for steel plates in water. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rumerman, ML (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Code 7204,9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 109 IS 2 BP 563 EP 575 DI 10.1121/1.1331111 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 400EX UT WOS:000166860200013 PM 11248963 ER PT J AU Rumerman, ML AF Rumerman, ML TI Estimation of broadband acoustic power due to rib forces on a reinforced panel under turbulent boundary layer-like pressure excitation. II. Applicability and validation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ENERGY AB The previous paper showed that, when the attachment forces on a rib-reinforced panel subjected to turbulent boundary layer excitation can be considered to radiate independently, the rib-related acoustic power in a broad (e.g., one-third octave) frequency band can be estimated as the product of the average mean squared force, the real part of the radiation admittance of an attachment force, and the number of ribs. This paper shows that the radiation condition is always approximated when the acoustic wavelength is less than twice the rib spacing of a periodically reinforced panel, and generally applies at lower frequencies where the acoustic wavelength is less than four times the I ib spacing. The procedure is used to estimate the broadband acoustic power radiated per rib of an infinite periodically reinforced membrane and plate in water, and the results are shown to agree with those of "exact" calculations. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Rumerman, ML (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Signatures Directorate, Code 7204,9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 109 IS 2 BP 576 EP 582 DI 10.1121/1.1331112 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 400EX UT WOS:000166860200014 PM 11248964 ER PT J AU Graham, BS Thiringer, JK Barrett, TL AF Graham, BS Thiringer, JK Barrett, TL TI Nasal tip ulceration from infection and extrusion of a nasal alloplastic implant SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTATION AB Nasal augmentation rhinoplastry is a common cosmetic procedure. Alloplastic or synthetic materials are frequently used with Silastic, the most commonly used type worldwide. In the Orient, this common procedure has a lon complication rate. How ever, infection and extrusion of the implant through the skin may occur and patients may be reluctant to report the augmentation procedure to the dermatologist. Therefore, the dermatologist needs to be highly suspicious and include this complication in the differential of ulcerated nasal tip nodules. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Otolaryngol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Ctr Med, Dept Dermatol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Graham, BS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 44 IS 2 SU S BP 362 EP 364 DI 10.1067/mjd.2001.101590 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 399KX UT WOS:000166811300011 PM 11174416 ER PT J AU Yu, HY AF Yu, HY TI Two-dimensional elastic defects in orthotropic bicrystals SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE elasticity; orthotropic bicrystals; cubic bicrystals; Green's functions; inclusions; dislocations ID LAYER ORDERING PROCESS; ELLIPTIC INCLUSION; HALF-SPACES; FIELDS; STRAIN; BIMATERIALS; INTERFACE; SOLIDS AB A method is presented for obtaining the closed form elastic solutions of two-dimensional inclusion and dislocation problems in orthotropic bicrystals. The bicrystal consists of two semiinfinite single crystals with a planar interface. The interface is a plane of symmetry for both crystals. The two single crystals are either perfectly bonded together or in frictionless contact with each other. Both inplane and antiplane deformations that include plane strain and plain stress conditions are considered. The method is based on Eshelby's method for inclusion problems in infinite isotropic solids. The analytic results for point forces, inclusions and dislocations are given. The elastic fields of the defects are represented by quasi-harmonic potentials that are associated with the defects. Explicit solutions for elliptic inclusions and dislocation lines are given as examples. Results for elliptic inclusions and dislocation lines of different orientations in cubic structures are also presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yu, HY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Code 6320, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yu@anvil.nrl.navy.mil NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD FEB PY 2001 VL 49 IS 2 BP 261 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(00)00032-6 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 394QP UT WOS:000166535000003 ER PT J AU Swanson, NL Gehman, VM Billard, BD Gennaro, TL AF Swanson, NL Gehman, VM Billard, BD Gennaro, TL TI Limits of the small-angle approximation to the radiative transport equation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID POINT SPREAD FUNCTION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OCEAN AB The small-angle approximation to the radiative transport equation is used extensively in imaging models in which the transport medium is optically thick. The small-angle approximation is generally considered valid when the particles are very large compared with the wavelength, when the refractive-index ratio of the particle to the medium is close to 1, and when the optical thickness is not too large. We report results showing the limits of the validity of the small-angle approximation as a function of particle size and concentration for a particle-to-medium fixed refractive-index ratio of 1.196. This refractive-index ratio is comparable with that of minerals or diatoms suspended in water. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 290.7050, 290.5850, 290.4020, 290.5820, 290.4210, 110.4850. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Swanson, NL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 18 IS 2 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.000385 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 396JU UT WOS:000166633400017 PM 11205985 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Andres, J Romero, J Lee, RL AF Hernandez-Andres, J Romero, J Lee, RL TI Colorimetric and spectroradiometric characteristics of narrow-field-of-view clear skylight in Granada, Spain SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE SKY RADIANCE; SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; SOLAR-RADIATION; LINEAR-MODELS; LUMINANCE; DAYLIGHT; COLORS; SURFACE AB As part of our ongoing research into the clear daytime sky's visible structure, we analyze over 1500 skylight spectra measured during a seven-month period in Granada, Spain. We use spectral radiances measured within 3 degrees fields of view (FOV's) to define colorimetric characteristics along four sky meridians: the solar meridian and three meridians at azimuths of 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 315 degrees relative to it. The resulting clear-sky chromaticities in 44 different view directions (1) are close to but do not coincide with the CIE daylight locus, (2) form V-shaped meridional chromaticity curves along it las expected from theory), and (3) have correlated color temperatures (CCT's) ranging from 3800 K to infinity K. We also routinely observe that sky color and luminance are asymmetric about the solar meridian, usually perceptibly so. A principal-components analysis shows that three vectors are required for accurate clear-sky colorimetry, whereas six are needed for spectral analyses. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 010.1290, 330.1710, 330.1730. C1 Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. USN Acad, Div Math & Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hernandez-Andres, J (reprint author), Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568 NR 42 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 18 IS 2 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.000412 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 396JU UT WOS:000166633400020 PM 11205988 ER PT J AU Ward, JF Sands, JP Nowacki, M Amling, CL AF Ward, JF Sands, JP Nowacki, M Amling, CL TI Malignant cytological washings from prostate specimens: An independent predictor of biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; neoplasm recurrence; local; disease progression; irrigation ID RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; POSSIBLE MECHANISM; LOCAL RECURRENCE; ANTIGEN LEVELS; CANCER CONTROL; FOLLOW-UP; PATTERNS; TUMOR AB Purpose: Malignant cells have previously been identified in the cytological washings of prostate specimens obtained at radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. We investigated whether malignant cells in the cytological washings of radical prostatectomy specimens predict biochemical progression. The affect of total androgen blockade on cytological washings was also examined. Materials and Methods: Cytological washings were obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens in 147 consecutive patients undergoing the procedure for clinically localized prostate cancer between November 1993 and April 1998. Of the 147 patients 54 were randomly selected to receive 1 month of total androgen blockade immediately before prostatectomy. To obtain the cytological specimen the extirpated prostate was subjected to a normal saline bath, as previously described. The cytology specimen was examined by a single cytopathologist blinded to preoperative and pathological findings. Biochemical progression, defined as prostate specific antigen 0.15 ng./ml, or greater, was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. We also performed multivariate analysis of factors related to progression, including prostate specific antigen, pathological stage, margin status, Gleason grade and cytology status. Median followup was 37 months (range 13 to 66). Results: Followup was available in 146 of 147 cases. Cytological washings were malignant in 14 of 92 patients (15%) who did not receive total androgen blockade preoperatively. In this group without androgen blockade the biochemical progression rate was significantly higher in those with positive cytology (p < 0.001). Positive cytology was an independent predictor of progression on multivariate analysis and a stronger predictor of progression than Gleason grade. No malignant cells were observed in cases of preoperative total androgen blockade (p < 0.001). However, biochemical progression was similar in the groups with and without androgen blockade (p = 0.355). Conclusions: Malignant cells may be identified in the cytological washings of radical prostatectomy specimens and they are an independent predictor of biochemical progression. One month of total androgen blockade preoperatively significantly decreases the rate of positive cytology but does not appear to change the rate of early biochemical failure. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ward, JF (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Urol, PSC 482 Box 76, FPO, AP 96362 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 165 IS 2 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1097/00005392-200102000-00027 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 391QP UT WOS:000166366900029 PM 11176398 ER PT J AU Chung, MY Wilson, R Shaw, K Petry, FE Cobb, MA AF Chung, MY Wilson, R Shaw, K Petry, FE Cobb, MA TI Querying multiple data sources via an object-oriented spatial query interface and framework SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE object-oriented technology; spatial query; data integration; quadtree; object-oriented spatial query; digital mapping; databases ID LANGUAGE; SYSTEM AB A spatial query interface has been designed and implemented in the object-oriented paradigm for heterogeneous data sets. The object-oriented approach presented is shown to be highly suitable for querying typical multiple heterogeneous sources of spatial data. The spatial query model takes into consideration two common components of spatial data: spatial location and attributes. Spatial location allows users to specify an area or a region of interest, also known as a spatial range query. Also, the spatial query allows users to query spatial orientation and relationships (geometric and topological relationships) among other spatial data within the selected area or region. Queries on the properties and values of attributes provide more detailed non-spatial characteristics of spatial data. A query model specific to spatial data involves exploitation of both spatial and attribute components. This paper presents a conceptual spatial query model of heterogeneous data sets based on the object-oriented data model used in the geospatial information distribution system (GIDS). (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Chung, MY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-926X J9 J VISUAL LANG COMPUT JI J. Vis. Lang. Comput. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 12 IS 1 BP 37 EP 60 DI 10.1006/jvlc.2000.0186 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 405XN UT WOS:000167186000003 ER PT J AU Kindler, HL Millard, F Herndon, JE Vogelzang, NJ Suzuki, Y Green, MR AF Kindler, HL Millard, F Herndon, JE Vogelzang, NJ Suzuki, Y Green, MR TI Gemcitabine for malignant mesothelioma: A phase II trial by the cancer and leukemia group B SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE mesothelioma; gemcitabine; chemotherapy ID HIGH-DOSE METHOTREXATE; CELL LUNG-CANCER; PLEURAL MESOTHELIOMA; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CHEMOTHERAPY; CISPLATIN AB Purpose: The CALGB conducted a phase II multicenter trial to evaluate the activity of gemcitabine in malignant mesothelioma (CALGB protocol 9530). Patients and methods: Seventeen patients were accrued between February 1996 and May 1996 and received gemcitabine 1500 mg/m(2) by intravenous infusion or er 30 min weekly for 3 weeks, followed by a 1 week break. Eligibility included a performance status of 0-2 by CALGB criteria. and no prior chemotherapy. Nine patients had epithelial cell type and eight had mixed or sarcomatoid cell types. There were 11 cases with measurable disease and sis with evaluable disease. Results: There were no complete or partial responders. Eight patients had stable disease. seven developed progressive disease. and two were not evaluable for tumor response. Two patients had minor responses. Median survival from stud?, entry was 4.7 months (95% CI 3.1-12.9 months): one year survival was 24% (95% CI 10-55%,). One patient remains alive at 37 months. There were two early deaths, one from disease progression and one from pneumonia. Toxicity was mild and included anemia. lymphopenia and infection; no patient experienced grades three or four thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: No antitumor activity was observed for single-agent gemcitabine in patients with malignant mesothelioma in this multicenter phase II study. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. CALGB Stat Off, Durham, NC USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Kindler, HL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 27 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER-J IASLC JI Lung Cancer PD FEB-MAR PY 2001 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0169-5002(00)00166-5 PG 7 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 401AQ UT WOS:000166905100025 PM 11165412 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Spanos, G AF Fonda, RW Spanos, G TI The effect of industrial composition variations on the transformation behavior of ultralow-carbon steels SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The transformation behavior and microstructural evolution of two alloys representing the extreme rich and lean compositional variations expected for production quantities of an ultralow-carbon (ULC) steel have been characterized. Dilatometry, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and microhardness measurements were used to identify the microstructures produced at various cooling rates and to develop continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams for these ULC steels. It was demonstrated that the compositional variations expected from production heats made with current fabrication practices cause extensive variations in the transformation behavior, microstructure, and microhardness (as well as other mechanical properties) of these steels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0252-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 398VK UT WOS:000166777000002 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, R Dutta, I AF Nagarajan, R Dutta, I TI A novel approach for optimizing the fracture toughness of precipitation-hardenable Al-SiCp composites SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; INTERFACES; GROWTH C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nagarajan, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 433 EP 436 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0276-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 398VK UT WOS:000166777000026 ER PT J AU Bush, RA Smith, TC Honner, WK Gray, GC AF Bush, RA Smith, TC Honner, WK Gray, GC TI Active surveillance of birth defects among US Department of Defense beneficiaries: A feasibility study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; MATERNAL SMOKING; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; STATE; AGE AB Since the Vietnam War, concern regarding the association of military exposures and birth defects has grown. The possibility of such associations remains a source of unease. To determine if such an association exists, birth defects surveillance among military families must be conducted. This project compared health record abstraction (active surveillance) with screening of Department of Defense electronic medical data (passive surveillance) to detect birth defects among San Diego County military families during the period January 1, 1997, through June 30, 1998. A total of 171 of 5,351 infants (3.2%) were identified as having a major defect, consistent with national civilian rates. There was approximately 80% concurrence between passive and active surveillance birth defect data, suggesting that a hybrid system of electronic data, supplemented with active surveillance in a specific region, represents a feasible and cost-effective surveillance program for the geographically dispersed military population. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Bush, RA (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 166 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403XN UT WOS:000167068600016 PM 11272718 ER PT J AU Rooney, TB McGue, TE Delahanty, KC AF Rooney, TB McGue, TE Delahanty, KC TI A Naval Academy midshipman with ehrlichiosis after summer field exercises in Quantico, Virginia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; UNITED-STATES; CHAFFEENSIS AB A case of human ehrlichiosis (caused by infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis) is presented. The patient was a female Naval Academy midshipman with a 26-day history of daily field training with the U.S. Marines near Quantico, Virginia. She presented with a several-day history of myalgias, fever, and frontal headache. During her clinical course, she developed fever to 104 degreesF, dry cough, dyspnea on exertion, arthralgias, and nephrotic syndrome. She did not develop a rash. Laboratory studies were significant for thrombocytopenia, equivocal Lyme enzyme immunosorbent assay with a negative confirmatory western immunoblot, equivocal Rocky Mountain spotted fever acute serology without a convalescent increase in immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M serology positive for human monocytic ehrlichiosis. She manifested known sequelae for this emerging disease, including dyspnea, pedal edema, increased transaminases, and nephrotic syndrome. C1 USN, Ctr Ambulatory Care, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Rooney, TB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Ambulatory Care, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 166 IS 2 BP 191 EP 193 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 403XN UT WOS:000167068600018 PM 11272720 ER PT J AU Tepper, G Losee, J AF Tepper, G Losee, J TI A contactless, microwave-based radiation detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors and Associated Electronics CY OCT 11-15, 1999 CL INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY HEADQUARTERS, VIENNA, AUSTRIA HO INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY HEADQUARTERS DE microwave cavity perturbation; gamma-ray spectroscopy ID CAVITY PERTURBATION TECHNIQUE; GAMMA-RAY AB The performance of conventional radiation spectrometers is currently limited by fundamental problems associated with extracting secondary particles such as electrons, holes or scintillation photons from within a detection medium. Some of these problems are impurity attachment, recombination, non-uniform electric fields, grid shielding inefficiency, hole trapping, inefficient light collection and self-absorption. All of these problems can be reduced or even eliminated if the ionization process can be measured directly within the bulk medium without actually collecting the secondary particles. We have detected the absorption of single, high-energy photons in CdZnTe and HPGe crystals using a contactless, microwave cavity perturbation technique. Photo-induced transient changes in semiconductor conductivity in the microwave region (10(9) Hz) produce a momentary increase in the power reflected from a critically coupled resonant cavity of quality factor Q. The magnitude of the reflected microwave pulse is a measure of the excitation energy and the duration of the pulse is related to the semiconductor carrier lifetime. Here we present an overview of the technique including an analysis of the factors affecting sensitivity and response time and the feasibility of performing pulse-height spectroscopy on the reflected microwave pulses. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tepper, G (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 458 IS 1-2 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00907-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 401UJ UT WOS:000166946400071 ER PT J AU Montcalm, C Bajt, S Seely, JF AF Montcalm, C Bajt, S Seely, JF TI MoRu-Be multilayer-coated grating with 10.4% normal-incidence efficiency near the 11.4-nm wavelength SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; REGION AB A MoRu-Be multilayer coating was applied to a diffraction grating to enhance the grating's normal-incidence efficiency near 11.4 nm wavelength. The holographic grating substrate had a blazed groove profile with 2400 grooves/mm and a microroughness of 0.8 nm. The efficiency in the second diffraction order, measured with synchrotron radiation, was 10.4% at a wavelength of 11.37 nm. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Montcalm, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-395,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 3 BP 125 EP 127 DI 10.1364/OL.26.000125 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 398KH UT WOS:000166755300003 PM 18033524 ER PT J AU Goodell, GG Gallagher, FJ Nicoll, BK AF Goodell, GG Gallagher, FJ Nicoll, BK TI Controlled injection pressure - In reply SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Dent Ctr Camp Lejeune, Dept Endodont, Jacksonville, NC USA. USN, Dent Ctr Gulf Coast, Dept Oral Med, Pensacola, FL USA. USN, Sch Postgrad Dent, Dept Periodont, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), USN, Dent Ctr Camp Lejeune, Dept Endodont, Jacksonville, NC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 91 IS 2 BP 133 EP 134 DI 10.1067/moe.2001.112547 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 403PH UT WOS:000167051300003 ER PT J AU Long, RG Ziccardi, VB AF Long, RG Ziccardi, VB TI Osteopetrosis of the maxilla SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. USN, Dent Ctr, Camp Lejeune, NC USA. RP Ziccardi, VB (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, 110 Bergen St,Room B-854, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 91 IS 2 BP 139 EP 140 DI 10.1067/moe.2001.110033 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 403PH UT WOS:000167051300005 PM 11174587 ER PT J AU Bacalis, NC Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Lach-Hab, M AF Bacalis, NC Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Lach-Hab, M TI Transferable tight-binding parameters for ferromagnetic and paramagnetic iron SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wave Propagation and Electronic Structure in Disordered Systems held in honor of E N Economous 60th Birthday CY JUN 15-17, 2000 CL IRAKLION, GREECE DE magnetism; band structure; total energy; tight binding ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION; SURFACES; AL AB We construct transferable tight-binding (TB) parameters for ferromagnetic and paramagnetic iron by fitting the total energy and the electronic band structure to three prototype crystal structures of Fe (BCC. both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic; and FCC, paramagnetic only) calculated by the general-potential linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method. We use these TB parameters to calculate the total energy and other properties of Fe in various other crystal structures, which we compare with independent LAPW results. The agreement between LAPW and TB results is very good, suggesting a realistic parametric physical description in the tight-binding approximation for any structure of Fe. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bacalis, Naoum/G-5327-2013; Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 OI Bacalis, Naoum/0000-0002-9565-0414; NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 2001 VL 296 IS 1-3 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00789-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 418EL UT WOS:000167877900020 ER PT J AU Papaconstantopoulos, DA Lach-Hab, M Mehl, MJ AF Papaconstantopoulos, DA Lach-Hab, M Mehl, MJ TI Tight-binding Hamiltonians for realistic electronic structure calculations SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wave Propagation and Electronic Structure in Disordered Systems held in honor of E N Economous 60th Birthday CY JUN 15-17, 2000 CL IRAKLION, GREECE DE electronic structure; tight binding ID SYSTEM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB This article, written in honor of Eleftherios N. Economou, contains a short summary of work one of us carried out some 20 years ago in collaboration with Lefteris and reports on recent developments on the use of tight-binding Hamiltonians to perform accurate and efficient electronic structure calculations. More specifically. in this work we use the newly developed NRL tight-binding method to explore the existence of metastable phases in transition metals, present new Slater-Koster parametrizations of cubic perovskite materials and provide an extension of the Slater-Koster approach that includes the spin-orbit interaction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Papaconstantopoulos, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 2001 VL 296 IS 1-3 BP 129 EP 137 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 418EL UT WOS:000167877900021 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW AF Rajagopal, AK Rendell, RW TI Decoherence, correlation, and entanglement in a pair of coupled quantum dissipative oscillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SEMIGROUPS; PRINCIPLE AB A pair of coupled quantum dissipative oscillators, serving as a model for a nanosystem, is described here by the Lindblad equation. Its dynamic,evolution is shown to exhibit the features of decoherence (spatial extent of quantum behavior), correlation (spatial scale over which the system localizes to its physical dimensions), and mixed-state entanglement (or inseparability, a special quantum feature in the case of pure states making its appearance first in bipartite systems) as a function of the coupling constants of the Lindblad equation. One interesting feature of this calculation is that the mixed-state separable entanglement may exhibit revivals in time. An initially inseparable entangled state need not remain so for all time and may exhibit regions of separable entanglement. Interpreting the parameters of the Lindblad theory as environmental features in certain experimental situations gives us clues as to the possible control of decoherence, correlation, and nature of entanglement. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 AR 022116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.022116 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 400JF UT WOS:000166867900028 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, YN Wolf, SA Kresin, VZ AF Ovchinnikov, YN Wolf, SA Kresin, VZ TI Intrinsic inhomogeneities in superconductors and the pseudogap phenomenon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; NORMAL-STATE; PRECURSOR; CRYSTALS; GAP AB High-T-c oxides are intrinsically inhomogeneous materials. The density of states is evaluated for such an inhomogeneous system, and it displays a gap structure above T-c(res) (pseudogap). Thus, the pseudogap phenomenon can be caused by an inhomogeneity of the metallic phase. As a result, the critical temperature is spatially dependent. Various types of nonuniform structure are described (inhomogeneous carrier distribution, nonuniform distribution of pair breakers). The transition to a dissipationless state (R=0) corresponds to the percolation threshold. C1 Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ovchinnikov, YN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 48 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 6 AR 064524 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.064524 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401DG UT WOS:000166911400094 ER PT J AU Saylor, JR Smith, GB Flack, KA AF Saylor, JR Smith, GB Flack, KA TI An experimental investigation of the surface temperature field during evaporative convection SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID NONPENETRATIVE THERMAL-CONVECTION; OCEAN SKIN TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SWELL WAVES; WATER; MONOLAYERS; MODULATION; FLOWS AB Measurements of the surface temperature field are presented for a water surface undergoing evaporation. These temperature fields were measured using an infrared camera for a range of heat fluxes q"=30-500 W/m(2). Experiments were conducted for water surfaces with and without a surfactant monolayer. A statistical analysis of the data is presented which shows the effect of heat flux and surfactants on the root mean square and skewness of the field. The data reveals a linear increase in the rms with increasing heat flux, which is similar for clean and surfactant conditions. In contrast, the skewness is markedly different for the clean and surfactant-covered cases. For clean surface conditions, the skewness attains large, negative values, becoming increasingly negative as q" increases. When the surface is covered with a surfactant monolayer, however, the skewness exhibits small, negative values which approach zero as the heat flux increases. This behavior is reflected in the pdf which is clearly asymmetric in the clean case and virtually symmetric in the surfactant case. A physical mechanism is presented to explain these results. Temporal power spectra are presented which reveal the role of heat flux and surfactants on the temporal evolution of the surface temperature field. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Saylor, JR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD FEB PY 2001 VL 13 IS 2 BP 428 EP 439 DI 10.1063/1.1337064 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 393PC UT WOS:000166478000007 ER PT J AU Levine, JS Coleman, PL Failor, BH Riordan, JC Song, Y Sze, HM Coverdale, CA Deeney, C McGurn, JS Apruzese, JP Davis, J Moosman, B Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Bell, D Schneider, R AF Levine, JS Coleman, PL Failor, BH Riordan, JC Song, Y Sze, HM Coverdale, CA Deeney, C McGurn, JS Apruzese, JP Davis, J Moosman, B Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Bell, D Schneider, R TI Long-implosion plasma radiation sources using "solid-fill" nozzles SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; K-SHELL RADIATION; EMISSION; ALUMINUM; VELOCITY; ARGON AB Solid-fill nozzles for long-implosion Z-pinch experiments to produce argon K-shell x rays (photon energy >3.1 keV) have been developed. With a 7 cm diam nozzle, which is appropriate for a 200 ns driver, stable implosions at 180 ns and 4 MA have produced peak argon K-shell yields exceeding 15 kJ. As previously seen with short (similar to 100 ns) implosion times, the K-shell yield scales as the fourth power of peak current, I-4. Limited testing with a 10 cm nozzle, which is appropriate for a > 250 ns driver, has also achieved a stable implosion. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Maxwell Phys Int, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Levine, JS (reprint author), Maxwell Phys Int, 2700 Merced St, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1063/1.1333696 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 399PD UT WOS:000166820800018 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Metzler, N AF Velikovich, AL Schmitt, AJ Gardner, JH Metzler, N TI Feedout and Richtmyer-Meshkov instability at large density difference SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION GROWTH; RAREFACTION WAVE; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; LASER TARGETS; FLUIDS; FOILS AB The feedout process transfers mass perturbations from the rear to the front surface of a driven target, producing the seed for the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability growth. The feedout mechanism is investigated analytically and numerically for the case of perturbation wavelength comparable to or less than the shock-compressed target thickness. The lateral mass flow in the target leads to oscillations of the initial mass nonuniformity before the reflected rippled rarefaction wave breaks out, which may result in RT bubbles produced at locations where the areal mass was initially higher. This process is determined by the evolution of hydrodynamic perturbations in the rippled rarefaction wave, which is not the same as the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) interfacial instability. An exact analytical formula is derived for the time-dependent mass variation in a rippled rarefaction wave, and explicit estimates are given for the time of first phase reversal and frequency of the oscillations. The limiting transition from the case of RM perturbation growth at large density difference (low ambient density behind the rear surface) to the case of feedout (zero density) is studied, and it is shown that the latter limit is approached only if the ambient density is extremely low, less than 1/1000 of the preshock target density. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, LCP&FD, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2001 VL 8 IS 2 BP 592 EP 605 DI 10.1063/1.1335829 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 399PD UT WOS:000166820800024 ER PT J AU Wilson, JC Skrutskie, MF Colonno, MR Enos, AT Smith, JD Henderson, CP Gizis, JE Monet, DG Houck, JR AF Wilson, JC Skrutskie, MF Colonno, MR Enos, AT Smith, JD Henderson, CP Gizis, JE Monet, DG Houck, JR TI CorMASS: A compact and efficient near-infrared spectrograph for studying low-mass objects SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID DWARF GLIESE 229B; ALL-SKY SURVEY; BROWN DWARF; OPTICAL DESIGN; STANDARD STARS; SYSTEM; DISCOVERY; METHANE; CAMERA; 2MASS AB CorMASS (Cornell Massachusetts Slit Spectrograph) is a compact, low-resolution (R similar to 300), double-pass prism cross-dispersed near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph in operation on the Palomar Observatory 60 inch telescope. Its two-dimensional spectral format provides simultaneous coverage of lambda similar to 0.74 mum to lambda similar to 2.5 mum (z'JHK bands). A remotely operated cold flip mirror permits its NICMOS3 detector to function as a K-s slit viewer to assist object placement into the 2 " x 15 " slit. CorMASS was primarily designed for the rapid spectral classification of low-mass stellar and substellar objects identified by the Two-Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). The efficiency and resolution of CorMASS also make it a versatile instrument for the spectral observation and classification of many other types of bright objects (K < 14) including quasars, novae, and emission-line objects. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jcw14@cornell.edu NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 113 IS 780 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1086/318619 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 397TK UT WOS:000166713300012 ER PT J AU Krapivin, VF Phillips, GW AF Krapivin, VF Phillips, GW TI A remote sensing-based expert system to study the Aral-Caspian aquageosystem water regime SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE; CLIMATE; MODEL; SEA AB Historical remote measurements are used for the synthesis of a complex Theory-Information Model (TIM) describing the combined water regimes of the Aral-Caspian System (ACS) including the consideration of aquatic and climatic natural processes. The problem of stabilizing the sea levels of these two water bodies is modeled, and a solution is obtained through implementation of an expert system (including the TIM), remote measurements database, data processing sub-block, surface cover recognition sub-block, and user interface. A set of scenarios to control the ACS water regime is investigated. The role of remote sensing methods for the estimation of water balance components and synoptic situations is also evaluated. The results of this research indicate that there is a regime for ACS water control under which it Is possible to stabilize the Amb and Caspian Sea levels at their 1960 level within 10 to 12 years. This would be implemented by the transport of water from the open portion of the Caspian Sea into saline lowlands and the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf, located on its eastern shore, thus facilitating rapid evaporation followed by the movement of atmospheric moisture into the Aral Sea basin. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All Rights Reserved. C1 Russian Acad Nat Sci, Inst Ecoinformat Problems, Moscow 141120, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krapivin, VF (reprint author), Russian Acad Nat Sci, Inst Ecoinformat Problems, 1 Vvedensky Sq, Moscow 141120, Russia. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 75 IS 2 BP 201 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00167-X PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 396LC UT WOS:000166637000005 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI The metrics of science and technology SO SCIENTOMETRICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0138-9130 EI 1588-2861 J9 SCIENTOMETRICS JI Scientometrics PD FEB PY 2001 VL 50 IS 2 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1023/A:1010590111245 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 414KE UT WOS:000167664900013 ER PT J AU McCoy, K AF McCoy, K TI Seduced by the sea SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Nice, F-06108 Nice 2, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Ocean Sensors Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 42 IS 2 BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 408DL UT WOS:000167311200012 ER PT J AU Xu, H Elster, E Batty, D Berning, J Burkly, L Kampen, R Swanson, S Tadaki, D Harlan, D Kirk, A AF Xu, H Elster, E Batty, D Berning, J Burkly, L Kampen, R Swanson, S Tadaki, D Harlan, D Kirk, A TI Effects of dose and duration of anti-CD154 antibody therapy in preventing renal allograft rejection in a nonhuman primate model SO TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th World Congress of the Transplantation-Society CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2000 CL ROME, ITALY SP Transplant Soc C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, NIDDK, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Kirk, A (reprint author), 11-S-219,Bldg 10,Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20891 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43900-01] NR 3 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0041-1345 J9 TRANSPLANT P JI Transplant. Proc. PD FEB-MAR PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0041-1345(00)01983-7 PG 2 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 413UK UT WOS:000167629900095 PM 11266788 ER PT J AU Buckley, GS Roland, CM AF Buckley, GS Roland, CM TI Network structure in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) electrostrictive films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; COPOLYMERS AB Recent studies of electron-irradiated copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene have demonstrated the potential for achieving a large electrostrictive response in these materials. Since the principal effect of the radiation is network formation, alternative methods of achieving improved electromechanical properties are available. In this letter, we use a two-solvent swelling technique to quantify the polymer-solvent interaction parameter for the copolymer networks. This enables determination of their crosslink densities, along with a measure of the degree of degradation accompanying radiolysis. Copolymer networks were then prepared chemically using organic peroxide. These networks were found to be similar to the radiation-crosslinked materials, both in the extent of degradation and with respect to the Curie temperature and crystalline melting behavior. The latter are crucial to the development of better electrostrictive properties. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cameron Univ, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. RP Buckley, GS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 5 BP 622 EP 624 DI 10.1063/1.1344228 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 398CC UT WOS:000166737500021 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Noda, T Shirota, Y Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Noda, T Shirota, Y Kafafi, ZH TI Photoemission study of frontier orbital alignment at a metal-organic interface as a function of conjugation length of oligothiophene derivatives SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; ULTRAVIOLET AB We report an ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) study of solid films of two molecules, 5,5'-bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2'-bithiophene (BMB-2T) and 5,5'-bis(dimesitylboryl)-2,2':5'2'terthiophene (BMB-3T) which have been characterized as potential electron transport materials in organic light-emitting devices. Using the frontier orbital positions at a metal-organic interface, determined from the UPS measurements, together with the optical band gaps of the molecules, the electron injection barriers for the two oligothiophene derivatives are found to be significantly different. This barrier is estimated to be similar to0.2-0.3 eV lower for BMB-2T than for BMB-3T at a metal-organic interface. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Osaka Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Osaka, Japan. RP Makinen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 5 BP 670 EP 672 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 398CC UT WOS:000166737500037 ER PT J AU Dressick, WJ Chen, MS Brandow, SL Rhee, KW Shirey, LM Perkins, FK AF Dressick, WJ Chen, MS Brandow, SL Rhee, KW Shirey, LM Perkins, FK TI Imaging layers for 50 kV electron beam lithography: Selective displacement of noncovalently bound amine ligands from a siloxane host film SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DEPOSITION; CATALYST AB We report the development of an imaging layer technology for 50 kV electron-beam lithography based upon the displacement of noncovalently bound amine ligands from a siloxane host film. The patterned films were used as templates for the selective deposition of an electroless nickel film resulting in a positive tone imaging mechanism. The deposited nickel was sufficiently robust to function as an etch mask for pattern transfer by reactive ion etching. Metallized and etched patterns with linewidths to approximately 40 nm are demonstrated using an exposure dose of 500 muC/cm(2). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Nanofabricat Proc Facil, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Brandow, SL (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 5 BP 676 EP 678 DI 10.1063/1.1340860 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 398CC UT WOS:000166737500039 ER PT J AU Rendell, RW Rajagopal, AK AF Rendell, RW Rajagopal, AK TI Control of decoherence and correlation in single quantum dissipative oscillator systems SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SEMIGROUPS; PRINCIPLE AB A single quantum dissipative oscillator described by the Lindblad equation serves as a model for a nanosystem. This model is solved exactly by using the ambiguity function. The solution shows the features of decoherence (spatial extent of quantum behavior), correlation (spatial scale over which the system localizes to its physical dimensions), and mixing (mixed- state spatial correlation). A new relation between these length scales is obtained here. By varying the parameters contained in the Lindblad equation, it is shown that decoherence and correlation can be controlled. We indicate possible interpretation of the Lindblad parameters in the context of experiments using engineered reservoirs. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rajagopal, AK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 29 PY 2001 VL 279 IS 3-4 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00821-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 399YY UT WOS:000166842900011 ER PT J AU Oxley, JC Smith, JL Zhang, J Bedford, C AF Oxley, JC Smith, JL Zhang, J Bedford, C TI A comparison of the thermal decomposition of nitramines and difluoramines SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; CYCLIC NITRAMINES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NITRO-COMPOUNDS; 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE; THERMOLYSIS; KINETICS; EXPLOSIVES; MECHANISMS; PRODUCTS AB The decomposition rates and product distributions of a number of nitro- and difluoramino-substituted six-membered rings were compared: nitrocyclohexane (I); 1,1-dinitro-cydohexane (II); 1,1,4,4-tetranitrocyclohexane (III), 1,1,4,4-tetrakis(difluoramino)cyclohexane (IV); 1,4-dinitropiperazine (V); 1,4,4-trinitropiperidine (VI), and 4,4-bis(difluoramino)-l-nitropiperidine (VII). The study suggested the following order for susceptibility to decomposition: N-NO2 > C-(NO2)(2) > C-(NF2)(2) The difference in bond energies among the compounds is small. Geminal bis(difluoramino) compounds appeared to be somewhat more stable than the corresponding gem-dinitro compounds though they released more heat during decomposition. Where a nitramine functionality was present, the nitroso analogue was observed as a major decomposition product. The decomposition of gem-bis(difluoramino) and gem-dinitro compounds exhibited similarities. Both experienced loss of one geminal NX2 group followed by the rearrangement of the remaining NX2. Where X was oxygen, loss of the initial nitro by homolysis was favored; rearrangement of the remaining nitro followed by homolysis of NO resulted in a C=O bond. Where X was fluorine, the initial difluoramino may have been lost as HNF2. The remaining difluoramino reacted by losing fluorine, leaving C=NF or by losing HNF, resulting in =C-F; the latter was mainly observed. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA USA. RP Oxley, JC (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 25 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 3 BP 579 EP 590 DI 10.1021/jp002516a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 402RE UT WOS:000167001300011 ER PT J AU Grant, GM Jackman, SM Kolanko, CJ Stenger, DA AF Grant, GM Jackman, SM Kolanko, CJ Stenger, DA TI JP-8 jet fuel-induced DNA damage in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE DNA damage; hepatoma cells; jet fuel ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE; GULF-WAR; 3,3',4,4'-TETRACHLOROBIPHENYL PCB77; INHALATION EXPOSURE; FISCHER-344 RATS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; TERM EXPOSURE; SUBSTANCE-P; INDUCTION; REPAIR AB We investigated the genotoxicity of middle distillate jet fuel, Jet Propulsion 8 (JP-X), on H4IIE rat hepatoma cells in vitro. DNA damage was evaluated using the comet (single cell gel electrophoresis) assay. Cells were exposed for 4 h to JP-8 (solubilized in ethanol (EtOH) at 0.1% (v/v)) to concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 mug/ml. Exposure to JP-8 resulted in an overall increase in mean comet tail moments ranging from 0.74 +/- 0.065 (0.1% EtOH control) to 3.13 +/- 0.018, 4.36 +/- 0.32, 5.40 +/- 0.29. 7.70 +/- 0.52 and 11.23 +/- 0.77 for JP-8 concentrations 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mug/ml, respectively. Addition of DNA repair inhibitors hydroxyurea (HU) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) to cell culture with JP-8 resulted in accumulation of DNA damage strand breaks and increase in comet tail length. Inclusion of 4 mM HU and 40 muM Ara-C with 3, 5, 10 and 20 mug/ml JP-8 concentrations resulted in increased mean tail moments to 5.94+/-0.43, 10.12+/-0.72, 17.03+/-0.96, and 29.35+/- 1.55. JP-8, in the concentrations used in this study, did not result in cytotoxicity or significant apoptosis, as measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-X nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. These results demonstrate that relevant exposures to JP-8 result in DNA damage to H4IIE cells, and suggest that DNA repair is involved in mitigating these effects. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Loats Associates Inc, Westminster, MD 21157 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JAN 25 PY 2001 VL 490 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(00)00151-0 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 397ZQ UT WOS:000166729600008 PM 11152973 ER PT J AU Jagannadham, K Verghese, K Butler, JE AF Jagannadham, K Verghese, K Butler, JE TI Neutron transmutation of B-10 isotope-doped diamond SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Diamond samples grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and doped with B-10 have been irradiated under thermal neutron flux of 10(13) cm(-2) s(-1) for 76 h to examine transmutation of B-10 to Li-7 and the attendant lattice damage to diamond. To prevent graphitization and formation of diamond-like carbon, continuous cooling in water is provided during irradiation. Characterization of the diamond samples using Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry showed that diamond remained crystalline without a major damage. Formation of vacancies due to neutron irradiation is inferred from photoluminescence spectroscopy. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jagannadham, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Jagannadham, Kasichainula/A-2953-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 4 BP 446 EP 447 DI 10.1063/1.1342207 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393NV UT WOS:000166477300019 ER PT J AU Sharma, J Armstrong, RW Elban, WL Coffey, CS Sandusky, HW AF Sharma, J Armstrong, RW Elban, WL Coffey, CS Sandusky, HW TI Nanofractography of shocked RDX explosive crystals with atomic force microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HARDNESS; CRACKING AB Examination with atomic force microscopy has revealed apparent shear-type cleavage steps with heights as small as 0.05 nm, smaller than the size of cyclotrimethylenetrintramine (RDX) molecules, on the fracture surfaces of crystals that were subjected to aquarium shocks of 61.6 or 129 kbar, both greater than the pressure (38 kbar) required for the alpha-to-gamma phase transformation. The shocked centimeter size, originally transparent crystals became opaque and white from prolific fractures and internal cracks that are associated with their breakup into nanocrystallites of sizes extending from 500 down to 20 nm. The submolecular steps are related geometrically to the macroscale (K-parallel to) fracture mechanics mode of shear fracturing that has obvious consequences at the nanoscale level for nonregistry between molecules across the crack surfaces. The results are of interest in relation to lattice trapping of crack fronts and as a contribution to the possibility of deformation-induced chemical decomposition/detonations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Sharma, J (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 4 BP 457 EP 459 DI 10.1063/1.1342046 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393NV UT WOS:000166477300023 ER PT J AU Cheng, RH Borca, CN Dowben, PA Stadler, S Idzerda, YU AF Cheng, RH Borca, CN Dowben, PA Stadler, S Idzerda, YU TI Potential phase control of chromium oxide thin films prepared by laser-initiated organometallic chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FE/CR(001) SUPERLATTICES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; SPIN POLARIZATION; EXCHANGE BIAS; CRO2; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FABRICATION; FERROMAGNET; METAL AB We have used laser-initiated chemical vapor deposition to grow the chromium oxide thin films through the oxidation of Cr(CO)(6) in an oxygen environment. While both Cr2O3 and CrO2 are present in the film, the relative weight of each phase depends on the oxygen partial pressure. The Curie temperature of the film increases and approaches the bulk T-C of CrO2 (397 K) as the partial oxygen pressure is increased. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Behlen Lab Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 4 BP 521 EP 523 DI 10.1063/1.1343846 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393NV UT WOS:000166477300045 ER PT J AU Kamien, RD Selinger, JV AF Kamien, RD Selinger, JV TI Order and frustration in chiral liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID ITERATED MOIRE MAPS; LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; MODULATED PHASES; LIPID-BILAYERS; SMECTIC FILMS; BLUE PHASES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; STRIPE TEXTURE; TGB PHASES; DEFECTS AB This article reviews the complex ordered structures induced by chirality in liquid crystals. In general, chirality favours a twist in the orientation of liquid-crystal molecules. In some cases, as in the cholesteric phase, this favoured twist can be achieved without any defects. More often, the favoured twist competes with applied electric or magnetic fields or with geometric constraints, leading to frustration. In response to this frustration, the system develops ordered structures with periodic arrays of defects. The simplest example of such a structure is the lattice of domains and domain walls in a cholesteric phase under a magnetic field. More complex examples include defect structures formed in two-dimensional films of chiral liquid crystals. The same considerations of chirality and defects apply to three-dimensional structures, such as the twist-grain-boundary and moire phases. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010; OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457; Kamien, Randall/0000-0003-1598-5626 NR 72 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 53 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 22 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP R1 EP R22 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/13/3/201 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 400FN UT WOS:000166861700003 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SL AF Hoffman, SL TI Present and future control of malaria - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 19 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 5503 BP 436 EP 436 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 393UF UT WOS:000166487500018 ER PT J AU Everett, RK Simmonds, KE Geltmacher, AB AF Everett, RK Simmonds, KE Geltmacher, AB TI Spatial distribution of voids in Hy-100 steel by X-ray tomography SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE X-ray; steels; ductile fracture; mesostructure; image analysis ID MICROTOMOGRAPHY; INCLUSIONS; FRACTURE C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Everett, RK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Code 6352, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Everett, Richard/0000-0002-6725-9442 NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN 19 PY 2001 VL 44 IS 1 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00561-3 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 399JP UT WOS:000166808100027 ER PT J AU Higgins, JC Fitzgerald, JM AF Higgins, JC Fitzgerald, JM TI Evaluation of incidental renal and adrenal masses SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB Incidental renal or adrenal masses are sometimes found during imaging for problems unrelated to the kidneys and adrenal glands. Knowledgeable family physicians can reliably diagnose these masses, thereby avoiding unnecessary worry and procedures for their patients. A practical and cost-efficient means of evaluating renal lesions combines ultrasonography and computed tomographic scanning, with close communication between the family physician and the radiologist. Asymptomatic patients with simple renal cysts require no further evaluation. Patients with minimally complicated renal cysts can be followed radiographically. Magnetic resonance imaging is indicated in patients with indeterminate renal masses, and referral is required in patients with symptoms or solid masses. The need for referral of patients with adrenal masses is determined by careful assessment of clinical signs and symptoms, as well as the results of screening laboratory studies and appropriate radiologic studies. Referral is indicated for patients with incidental adrenal masses more than 6 cm in greatest diameter. Appropriate laboratory screening tests include the following: a 24-hour urinary free cortisol measurement for patients with evidence of Cushing's syndrome; a 24-hour urinary metanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid or catecholamine measurement for patients with evidence of pheochromocytoma; and a serum potassium level for patients with evidence of hyperaldosteronism. C1 Naval Hosp, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Higgins, JC (reprint author), Family Practice Clin, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 BP 288 EP 294 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 395HL UT WOS:000166574900012 PM 11201694 ER PT J AU Gardner, JM AF Gardner, JM TI Mud volcanoes revealed and sampled on the Western Moroccan continental margin SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CADIZ; SLOPE SW SPAIN; BOUNDARY; SEA AB We surveyed and sampled two active and 3 inactive mud volcanoes on the Atlantic continental margin of Morocco. The active mud volcanoes (named Yuma and Ginsburg) are each about 4 km in diameter, rise between 150-250 meters above the seafloor and are the first active methane-related mud volcanoes to be identified in this region. The inactive volcanoes range in diameter from 1 - 3 km, with relief between 50 and 80 meters. Gravity cores from the crest of the active mud volcanoes yielded methane hydrates and mud breccia deposits. Chemosynthetic communities of Pogonophora worms and the bivalve Solemya were found on the surface of the active mud volcanoes. Sediment cores from the inactive volcanoes contained hemipelagic sediments, rich in foraminifera and ahermatypic coral debris, overlying mud breccia. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gardner, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Code 7420,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1029/2000GL012141 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392MN UT WOS:000166415400036 ER PT J AU Foteinopoulou, S Rosenberg, A Sigalas, MM Soukoulis, CM AF Foteinopoulou, S Rosenberg, A Sigalas, MM Soukoulis, CM TI In- and out-of-plane propagation of electromagnetic waves in low index contrast two dimensional photonic crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES; BAND-GAP; TRANSMITTANCE; GUIDANCE; LATTICES; AIR AB Propagation of electromagnetic waves through a two-dimensional triangular lattice has been studied for different values of refractive index contrast between the constituent dielectrics, and for angles of incidence both in and out of the plane of periodicity. Transmission results have been obtained both experimentally and with the transfer matrix technique, and good agreement has been found between the two. Comparison with band structure calculations has also been made. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foteinopoulou, S (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 2 BP 824 EP 830 DI 10.1063/1.1330250 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387WG UT WOS:000166144400002 ER PT J AU Schneider, CS AF Schneider, CS TI Domain cooperation in ferromagnetic hysteresis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We present precise experimental data suggesting that domains cooperate in ferromagnetic hysteresis. This model has potential applications in magnetostrictive transducers, transformer design, magnetoelastic effects and hysteresis in general. For an annealed 3% nickel steel alloy, we measured magnetic induction from the demagnetized state to near saturation, the reversal to near saturation and return branches from both these curves. Modeling variables include the coercive field, saturation magnetization, initial susceptibility and the hysteresis effective field. Magnetization is scaled to its saturation value and magnetic field to its coercive value in the direction of field change, and susceptibility is scaled to its reversible function. Scaled differential susceptibility increases from its reversible value exponentially with magnetization change from any reversal and decreases exponentially with decreasing slope to its reversible value at saturation. We define the slope of this exponential to be a hysteresis constant divided by the scaled effective field, and this dimensionless field is the square root of 2 for hysteresis loops of polycrystalline domains with fully nucleated walls. Rayleigh's hysteresis constant, valid for heavily worked steels over a small region, transforms to our cooperative hysteresis constant at larger fields. For the saturate curve, the scaled effective field reaches a minimum less than 1 near the coercive field as domain interactions increase through wall nucleation and their local fields. Variation in the effective field causes hysteresis loops to creep upon cycling. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Schneider, CS (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 2 BP 1281 EP 1286 DI 10.1063/1.1331657 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387WG UT WOS:000166144400065 ER PT J AU Ammar, GS Calvetti, D Gragg, WB Reichel, L AF Ammar, GS Calvetti, D Gragg, WB Reichel, L TI Polynomial zerofinders based on Szego polynomials SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Szego-Hessenberg matrix; companion matrix; eigenvalue problem; continuation method; parallel computation ID UNITARY EIGENPROBLEM; ALGORITHM; ROOTS; MATRICES AB The computation of zeros of polynomials is a classical computational problem. This paper presents two new zerofinders that are based on the observation that, after a suitable change of variable, any polynomial can be considered a member of a family of Szego polynomials. Numerical experiments indicate that these methods generally give higher accuracy than computing the eigenvalues of the companion matrix associated with the polynomial. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Math Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Math, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Ammar, GS (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Math Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0377-0427(00)00491-X PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 397CF UT WOS:000166675200002 ER PT J AU Jones, TR Narum, DL Gozalo, AS Aguiar, J Fuhrmann, SR Liang, H Haynes, JD Moch, JK Lucas, C Luu, T Magill, AJ Hoffman, SL Sim, BKL AF Jones, TR Narum, DL Gozalo, AS Aguiar, J Fuhrmann, SR Liang, H Haynes, JD Moch, JK Lucas, C Luu, T Magill, AJ Hoffman, SL Sim, BKL TI Protection of Aotus monkeys by Plasmodium falciparum EBA-175 region II DNA prime-protein boost immunization regimen SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Meeting on Novel Adjuvants Currently in/Close to Human Clinical Testing CY JUN 05, 2000 CL ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE SP Fdn Merieux ID ERYTHROCYTE BINDING ANTIGEN; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; GLYCOPHORIN-A; MALARIA; INVASION; IMMUNOGENICITY; VACCINE; VIRUS; EFFICACY AB Aotus monkeys received 4 doses of Plasmodium falciparum EBA- 175 region II vaccine as plasmid DNA (Dv- Dv) or recombinant protein in adjuvant (Pv- Pv) or as 3 doses of DNA and 1 dose of protein (Dv- Pv). After 3 doses, antibody titers were similar to 10(4) in DNA- immunized monkeys and 10(6) in protein- immunized monkeys. A fourth dose did not significantly boost antibody responses in the Dv- Dv only or Pv- Pv only groups, but titers were boosted to similar to 10(6) in monkeys in the Dv- Pv group. Four weeks after the last immunization, the animals were challenged with 10(4) P. falciparum- parasitized erythrocytes. Peak levels of parasitemia were lower in the 16 monkeys that received region II- containing plasmids or proteins than in the 16 controls (geometric mean: 194,178 and 410,110 parasites/muL, respectively; P = .013, Student's t test). Three of 4 monkeys in the Dv-Pv group did not require treatment. These data demonstrate that immunization with EBA- 175 region II induces a significant antiparasite effect in vivo. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. EntreMed, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. RP Jones, TR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-36758] NR 39 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 183 IS 2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1086/317933 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 385DU UT WOS:000165987700018 PM 11110648 ER PT J AU Mermelstein, MD Posey, R Johnson, GA Vohra, ST AF Mermelstein, MD Posey, R Johnson, GA Vohra, ST TI Rayleigh scattering optical frequency correlation in a single-mode optical fiber SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTERING; REDUCTION; NOISE AB The bichromatic optical frequency correlation function for Rayleigh backscattering from a pulse of laser light propagating along a single-mode optical fiber has been calculated and measured. It is shown that the optical correlation frequency, Deltav(c), is equal to the reciprocal of pulse width tau (w). These results are important for the development of wavelength diversity techniques for the reduction of coherent Rayleigh noise in distributed Rayleigh backscattering single-mode optical fiber sensors. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Electroopt Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Mermelstein, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.1364/OL.26.000058 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 391MQ UT WOS:000166360100002 PM 18033505 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Becklehimer, JL Gettrust, JF AF Pandey, RB Becklehimer, JL Gettrust, JF TI Density profile and flow of driven gas in an open porous medium with a computer simulation SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article DE fluid flow; porous media; driven gas; marine sediment ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATION; METHANE HYDRATE STABILITY; PERCOLATION; PERMEABILITY; CARBON; WATER AB A computer simulation model is used to study the flow of gas from a source through open porous media on a simple cubic lattice with a pressure bias. This model is used to represent marine sediments through which fluid flows. Isotropic and layered porous media are considered and the gas fluid is modeled by an interacting lattice gas. In isotropic porous medium with porosity p(S) = 0.35, the density profile is linear in the absence of bias (B = 0) and oscillations develop in the presence of bias. At low porosity (p(S) = 0.32), the density profile becomes nonlinear in the presence of bias. The response of the flow rate to bias is linear in media with high porosity - consistent with the Darcy law. In porous medium with low porosity, the response of flow rate is linear only in low bias (B less than or equal to 0.3) which crosses over to a different linear response at moderate values of bias (0.30 B less than or equal to 0.7) before it becomes negative at extreme bias (B less than or equal to 0.8). The presence of fault planes (i.e., linear zones of higher porosity within a low-porosity system) broadens the linear-response regime. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Silicon Graph Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 289 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00289-2 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 392XM UT WOS:000166437900002 ER PT J AU Reinecke, TL Knipp, PA Rudin, S Bayer, M Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A AF Reinecke, TL Knipp, PA Rudin, S Bayer, M Reithmaier, JP Forchel, A TI Photon band gap systems from semiconductor microcavities SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Conference on Optical Probes on Pi-Conjugated Polymers and Photonic Crystals CY FEB 15-19, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Univ Utah, Dept Energy, Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Honeywell, Elsevier, Los Alamos Natl Lab DE microcavities; semiconductor; photon band gap ID OPTICAL MODES; QUANTUM DOTS; CRYSTALS; EMISSION; LASER AB A brief discussion of recent work on confined photon modes in semiconductor microcavities is given with an emphasis on comparison between experimental and theoretical results for these systems. Discrete photon modes whose energies increase with decreasing cavity size are observed in single lithographically structured semiconductor microcavities. Coupled pairs of microcavities show a rich pattern of modes analogous to the bonding and antibonding electronic states of molecules. Chains of microcavities exhibit photon band gaps out to the fourth Brillouin zone edge of the chains. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Reinecke, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Reithmaier, Johann/G-8171-2012; OI Reithmaier, Johann/0000-0002-1974-8292; Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1-3 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(00)00414-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 393JL UT WOS:000166465400096 ER PT J AU Galoppini, E Chebolu, R Gilardi, R Zhang, W AF Galoppini, E Chebolu, R Gilardi, R Zhang, W TI Copper(I)-catalyzed [2+2] photocycloadditions with tethered linkers: Synthesis of syn-photodimers of dicyclopentadienes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STEREOCHEMISTRY; CYCLOADDITIONS AB Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular photocycloadditions of diesters. made of endo-dicyclopentadiene derivatives-linked by the ester bonds with tethers are highly regio- and stereoselective and complete within hours; and the tethers can be easily cleaved afterward upon reduction with LiAlH4. Irradiation of the diesters afforded a 1:1 mixture of the heretofore unknown exo-cis-exo dimer, originating from the (R,S/S,R) diastereomer of the diester and the exo-trans-exo, deriving from the (R,R/S,S) diastereomer. The intermolecular photodimerization yielded, instead, only exo-trans-exo isomers and side products after irradiation for several days. The role of the tether's; length and structure on the course of the photocycloadditions was investigated, and it was observed that short tethers introduce considerable strain in the products' framework. Adamantyl-containing tethers provided the shortest reaction times and highest yields. X-ray diffraction analysis of an exo-cis-exo stereoisomer containing adamantane in the tether exhibited an unusually close approach between H atoms on the methylene bridges and a long C-C distance in the cyclobutane ring, A rearrangement induced by X-ray irradiation was observed in this molecule. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Galoppini, E (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, 73 Warren St, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JAN 12 PY 2001 VL 66 IS 1 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1021/jo0055990 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 390XN UT WOS:000166325200023 PM 11429894 ER PT J AU Laming, JM AF Laming, JM TI Accelerated electrons in Cassiopeia A: An explanation for the hard X-ray tail SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; shock waves; supernova remnants ID YOUNG SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS; COMET HALLEY; MACH-NUMBER; SHELL; SN-1006; MODEL; WAVES; ENVIRONMENT AB We propose a model for the hard X-ray (>10 keV) emission observed from the supernova remnant Cas A. Lower hybrid waves are generated in strong (mG) magnetic fields, generally believed to reside in this remnant, by shocks reflected from density inhomogeneities. These then accelerate electrons to energies of several tens of keV. Around 4% of the X-ray-emitting plasma electrons need to be in this accelerated distribution, which extends up to electron velocities of order the electron speed and is Alfven directed along magnetic field lines. Bremsstrahlung from these electrons produces the observed hard X-ray emission. Such waves and accelerated electrons have been observed in situ at comet Halley, and we discuss the viability of the extrapolation from this case to the parameters relevant to Cas A. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Laming, JM (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7674L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 56 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 2 BP 1149 EP 1158 DI 10.1086/318317 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393GH UT WOS:000166460500046 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Knudson, TN Wang, YM AF Sheeley, NR Knudson, TN Wang, YM TI Coronal inflows and the Sun's nonaxisymmetric open flux SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID HOLES; ROTATION; FIELD AB Wang et al. recently described white-light coronagraph observations of faint coronal features moving inward toward the Sun at heliocentric distances of 2-6 R-.. In a study of these inflows during 1996-2000, we have found that they occur along bends of the coronal streamer belt and are especially common when the magnetic field has a four-sector structure. The measured inflow rate is dominated by episodic bursts that are correlated with the occurrence of nonpolar coronal holes and other indicators of the Sun's nonaxisymmetric open flux. However, the inflow rate has only a broad long-term correlation with conventional indicators of solar activity like the sunspot number and coronal mass ejection rate. We conclude that most inflows indicate collapsing field lines that occur as nonpolar coronal holes are subjected to photospheric motions and the eruptions of new flux. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 2 BP L131 EP L135 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 393GP UT WOS:000166461100013 ER PT J AU Yang, XM Peters, RD Kim, TK Nealey, PF Brandow, SL Chen, MS Shirey, LM Dressick, WJ AF Yang, XM Peters, RD Kim, TK Nealey, PF Brandow, SL Chen, MS Shirey, LM Dressick, WJ TI Proximity X-ray lithography using self-assembled alkylsiloxane films: Resolution and pattern transfer SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; SURFACE-INDUCED ORIENTATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; INDUCED DAMAGE; NI DEPOSITION; MONOLAYERS; FABRICATION; GOLD; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB Self-assembled films of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) on Si/SiO2 were patterned with proximity X-rays (lambda = 1.0 nm) in air, resulting in the incorporation of oxygen-containing functional groups, that is, hydroxyl and aldehyde, into the film. Unexposed and exposed OTS exhibited sufficient chemical contrast for patterning processes based on differences in wetting behavior and chemical reactivity. Latent images of features as small as similar to 70 nm, defined by the X-ray mask, were successfully fabricated in the OTS with high fidelity over areas of similar to1 cm(2). Patterned OTS was imaged directly with lateral force microscopy and indirectly through atomic force microscopy of three-dimensional structures formed on the surface of thin films of diblock copolymers after deposition and annealing on the patterned OTS. Pattern transfer of features with dimensions as small as similar to 150 nm into the underlying silicon substrate was achieved by reactive ion etching using thin films of nickel selectively deposited onto the exposed areas of the OTS as etch masks. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Nanotechnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Nanofabricat Proc Facil, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nealey, PF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Shirey, Loretta/B-3164-2013 OI Shirey, Loretta/0000-0003-2600-3405 NR 45 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 9 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1021/la001176h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 390AA UT WOS:000166269800032 ER PT J AU Rizos, AK Alifragis, J Ngai, KL Heitjans, P AF Rizos, AK Alifragis, J Ngai, KL Heitjans, P TI Near constant loss in glassy and crystalline LiAlSi2O6 from conductivity relaxation measurements SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI OXIDE GLASSES; AC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL RELAXATION; IONIC CONDUCTORS; MELTS; BEHAVIOR; SPECTRA AB Polycrystalline and glassy LiAlSi2O6 are studied by dielectric relaxation measurements for the purpose of characterizing the nearly frequency independent contribution to the dielectric loss (near constant loss), which is commonly found in glassy ionic conductors independent of the chemical and physical structures. The data show the near constant loss is present in both the polycrystalline and glassy states of LiAlSi2O6. Further, its magnitude and temperature dependence is comparable in both forms of the same substance. The implications of these findings on the mechanism that gives rise to the near constant loss are discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Hannover, Inst Phys Chem & Elektrochem, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Rizos, AK (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Chem, POB 1527, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. RI Rizos, Apostolos/F-6807-2011; Alifragis, Yiannis/H-4229-2014 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 2 BP 931 EP 934 DI 10.1063/1.1331299 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388ZM UT WOS:000166213000033 ER PT J AU Rehman, A Taishi, P Fang, JD Majde, JA Krueger, JM AF Rehman, A Taishi, P Fang, JD Majde, JA Krueger, JM TI The cloning of a rat peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) and its induction in brain by sleep deprivation SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE brain; cytokine; muramyl peptide; peptidoelycan; tag7 ID SLOW-WAVE SLEEP; MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE; BACTERIAL PEPTIDOGLYCAN; BINDING-PROTEIN; HUMAN-URINE; CD14; RECEPTOR; PEPTIDES; FEVER; GENE AB Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) binds to peptidoglycan (PG) or live bacteria and is upregulated by PG, PGRP is a ubiquitous protein involved in innate immunity. Tag7, a novel cytokine, is also induced by bacterial products; tag7 is apoptotic to murine L929 cells in a NF-kappaB-independent manner. Both of these genes are expressed in brain, lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues. We provide evidence that murine PGRP and tag7 encode identical transcripts and have structural relationships to lysozymes, Further, we have cloned the cDNA of rat PGRP and analyzed its expression in brains of sleep-deprived and control rats, The mRNA levels of PGRP/tag7 were measured by RT-PCR and compared to the housekeeping gene porphobilinogen deaminase (PBD), PGRP was constitutively expressed in rat brain. PGRP mRNA was increased by 43% and 17% in the brainstem and hypothalamus, respectively, in sleep-deprived rats compared to controls, The upregulation of PGRP expression by sleep deprivation suggests a role for PGRP in a homeostatic regulation of sleep. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept VCAPP, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Krueger, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept VCAPP, 205 Wegner Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Sanguansri, Luz/B-6630-2011 OI Sanguansri, Luz/0000-0003-1908-7604 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD JAN 7 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1006/cyto.2000.0800 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 396WG UT WOS:000166660000002 PM 11145837 ER PT J AU Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC AF Baronavski, AP Owrutsky, JC TI Ketone excited state lifetimes measured by deep UV ultrafast photoionization spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACETIC-ACID; ALPHA-CLEAVAGE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; ACETONE; NM; DYNAMICS; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; ACETOPHENONE; PHOTOLYSIS; CYANIDE AB Ultrafast photoionization spectroscopy has been used to measure excited state lifetimes for several ketones excited near 193 nm. The decay times for aliphatic ketones are between 2 and 9 ps, which are consistent with 3s Rydberg state predissociation and are similar to previously reported results for acetone. The lifetimes of cyclic ketones are somewhat loner than for acyclic ones, which is attributed to predissociation promoted by internal rotation for the latter. The aromatic ketone acetophenone dissociates more quickly, probably because of rapid intersystem crossing and/or interaction with a valence state that lies in this spectral region as a result of delocalization. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Owrutsky, JC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6111, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 333 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01350-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 394DD UT WOS:000166508000007 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Theoretical considerations for finding anisotropic permittivity in layered ferroelectric/ferromagnetic structures from full-wave electromagnetic simulations SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE full-wave; spectral domain; ferroelectric; permittivity; extraction ID PROPAGATION; MEDIA AB A full-wave integral-equation Green's function code in the spectral domain has been implemented using the finite Fourier transform consistent with complex media layered structures modeled in a cross-sectional region. The basis function set describing the strip currents or slot fields at the interface is able to handle asymmetric field distribution due to the intrinsic asymmetry caused hy the material tensors. Theoretical issues related to determining the permittivity or permeability tensors from the propagation constant are covered in mathematical generality for rotated systems or arbitrary bias field orientations. A dispersion diagram for static electric-field-induced anisotropy in a ferroelectric loaded multi layered microstrip structure is provided. and a multistep computational process of de-embedding the permittivity from the propagation constant values is demonstrated.* (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1002/1098-2760(20010105)28:1<63::AID-MOP18>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 386NA UT WOS:000166067400018 ER PT J AU Moeller, RP Patrick, HJ AF Moeller, RP Patrick, HJ TI LPG wavelength compensated, polarised, amplified, reduced RIN, broadband fibre optic source for precision fibre optic gyroscopes SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER AMPLIFIER AB A two-stage, polarised, relative intensity noise-reduced fibre source which delivers 200mW at 1.5 mum with 24.4nm bandwidth is presented. A long period grating reduces the temperature dependence of the centroid wavelength to < 0.2 picometers/C. C1 USN, Res Lab, Opt Techniques Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moeller, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Opt Techniques Branch, Code 5675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 DI 10.1049/el:20010005 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 395EE UT WOS:000166565800010 ER PT J AU Torchinskaya, TV Korsunskaya, NE Khomenkova, LY Dhumaev, BR Prokes, SM AF Torchinskaya, TV Korsunskaya, NE Khomenkova, LY Dhumaev, BR Prokes, SM TI The role of oxidation on porous silicon photoluminescence and its excitation SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE photoluminescence; porous silicon; nanocrystalline silicon; suboxide ID VISIBLE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; OXYGEN; SI; CONFINEMENT; ORIGIN; MODEL AB The effect of preparation regimes on the oxide composition, the number of dangling bonds, the photoluminescence and its excitation spectra have been investigated. The influence of the oxidation process during aging of porous silicon at ambient atmosphere and annealing in dry oxygen has been investigated via photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicate a direct correlation between the suboxide content and the PL intensity, while no correlation was noted between the PL intensity and the concentration of Si dangling bonds (non-radiative recombination centers). These results given further support to a suboxide-related color center as the source of the intense red luminescence. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. Inst Politecn Nacl, ESFM, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Korsunska, Nadiia/M-6147-2013; Khomenkova, Larysa/A-2165-2012 OI Khomenkova, Larysa/0000-0002-5267-5945 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 2 PY 2001 VL 381 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01351-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 393KM UT WOS:000166467800015 ER PT B AU Hajian, AR AF Hajian, AR BE Provencal, JL Shipman, HL MacDonald, J Goodchild, S TI The shapes and distances of planetary nebulae SO 12TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON WHITE DWARF STARS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on White Dwarf Stars CY JUN 12-16, 2000 CL UNIV DELAWARE, NEWARK, DE HO UNIV DELAWARE ID EXPANSION DISTANCES; NGC-6572 AB White dwarfs and associated planetary nebulae are the end result of intermediate mass stellar evolution. In a very real sense, planetary nebulae are the celestial imprints of the fossilized record of stellar death threes, and hence contain valuable information regarding the manner in which a white dwarf is born. In this paper, I discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the distance scale to and geometric configurations of PNe. C1 USN Observ, Dept Astrometry, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Hajian, AR (reprint author), USN Observ, Dept Astrometry, 3450 Massachusetts Av NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-058-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 226 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS48U UT WOS:000170040900007 ER PT B AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF GP IEEE IEEE TI Modelling the fault correction process SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2001) CY NOV 27-30, 2001 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Sino Software Res Inst, Hong Kong Productiv Council, Software Oxide, Honeywell, IBM Corp, Motorola ID SOFTWARE AB In general, software reliability models have focused on modeling and predicting failure occurrence and have not given equal priority to modeling the fault correction process. However, there is a need for fault correction prediction, because there are important applications that fault correction modeling and prediction support. These are the following: predicting whether reliability goals have been achieved, developing stopping rules for testing, formulating test strategies, and rationally allocating test resources. Because these factors are related, the integrate them in our model. Our modeling approach involves relating fault correction to failure prediction, with a time delay between failure detection and fault correction, represented by a random variable whose distribution parameters are estimated from observed data. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Schneidewind, NF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1306-9 PY 2001 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1109/ISSRE.2001.989472 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT41K UT WOS:000172923900020 ER PT B AU Rosensweet, AC Smith, DR AF Rosensweet, AC Smith, DR GP AMS AMS TI An analysis of the influence of EL Nino and La Nina on tornado occurrence in the United States SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900051 ER PT B AU McDermott, J AF McDermott, J GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Abuse-case-based assurance arguments SO 17TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Appl Comp Secur Associates AB This paper describes an extension to abuse-case-based security requirements analysis that provides a lightweight means of increasing assurance in security relevant software. The approach is adaptable to lightweight software development processes but results in a concrete and explicit assurance argument. Like abuse-case-based security requirements analysis, this approach is suitable for use in projects without security, experts. When used in this way (without security experts) it will not produce as much assurance as the more traditional alternatives, but arguably give better results than ad hoc consideration of security issues. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDermott, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1405-7 PY 2001 BP 366 EP 374 DI 10.1109/ACSAC.2001.991553 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BT98Z UT WOS:000174658000037 ER PT B AU Ellis, JW AF Ellis, JW GP AMS AMS TI NCDDC prototype interoperability architecture SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Ellis, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 439 EP 443 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500118 ER PT S AU Dominguez, DD Jones, HN Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Keller, TM AF Dominguez, DD Jones, HN Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Keller, TM BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Mechanical properties of graphite fiber-reinforced phthalonitrile composites SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE phthalonitrile resin; high temperature composites; mechanical properties AB Graphite fiber-reinforced phthalonitrile composites exhibit attractive high temperature properties, when compared to other polymer matrix composites. To evaluate the mechanical properties of these, composites, short beam shear tests at room temperature and at temperatures between 316 degreesC (600 degreesF) and 538 degreesC (1000 degreesF), sustained load tension tests at 316 degreesC, thermal-oxidative exposure tests, and solvent exposure tests were conducted. Results of the short beam shear tests on [O](16) material indicated that the apparent interlaminar shear strength dropped as the test temperature is, increased. At intermediate temperatures, the behavior of the sample was found to be sensitive to variations in the cure cycle, The sustained load tests, where a load of 40 kN (9000 lb) was placed on [O](8) tension test specimens and the temperature was held at 316 degreesC, exhibited failure times between 443 and 613h. The short beam shear behavior was not affected upon exposure of the [O](16) composite samples, to various solvents. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dominguez, DD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 94 EP 106 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800010 ER PT S AU Hoy, D AF Hoy, D BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Composites for pier life extension Bravo 25, Naval Station, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn AB The Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) demonstrated the design and construction for post strengthening of existing Navy piers using advanced technologies. The strength upgrade incorporates the placement of a few ounces/ft(2) (gm/m(2)) of high strength material in strategic locations versus massing hundreds of pounds (kgms) of additional concrete and steel over the entire deck or replacing the superstructure. The simplicity of the upgrade produces only minimal interruptions in pier operations as opposed to closing the pier for up to a year for traditional rehabilitation. C1 USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Hoy, D (reprint author), USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 908 EP 922 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800080 ER PT S AU Sorathia, U Long, G Blum, M Ness, J Gracik, T AF Sorathia, U Long, G Blum, M Ness, J Gracik, T BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Performance requirements for fire safety of materials in US navy ships and submarines SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE flammability; composites; fire growth; fire resistance; screening fire tests AB Demands for reduced maintenance, reduced manning, and reduced cost are resulting in the need for new and alternative materials for introduction in the fleet. The new materials in many cases tend to be non metallic and organic (combustible) materials. In order to maintain a minimum level of fire safety, the Navy has set performance requirements for new materials in many applications. These include the use of composite materials in ships and submarines. Performance requirements for composites, in most cases, are based on full scale fire tests. Use of composites for structural applications in submarines is covered by MIL-STD-2031. The use of composites aboard US Navy ships for topside applications is now covered by Fire Safety testing criteria. The recommended fire performance criteria contains requirements for fire growth, smoke toxicity, visibility (ISO 9705), fire resistance and structural integrity under fire (UL 1709). When developing new composite systems, it is expensive to repeatedly conduct these typical large scale fire tests to determine the performance of the most recent design. Instead, more cost effective small scale testing is preferable to intermittently evaluate performance. To facilitate the introduction of new and modified fire tolerant materials/systems/designs, and to reduce the financial burden on small business, the US Navy has developed a low cost composite system fire screening protocol which offers the potential of predicting the full scale fire performance. Fire growth potential of new composite systems and designs can be screened by using small-scale test data from cone calorimeter (ASTM E 1354) and Lateral Ignition Flame spread Test (ASTM E 1321) in conjunction with the Composite Fire Hazard Analysis Tool (CFHAT). The small-scale Bum-Through test (2x2 ft.) was shown capable of screening fire resistance performance determined in furnace testing with a UL 1709 fire curve. These screening techniques provide cost-effective approaches for evaluating fire performance of new technologies, which in turn aids in the product development process. Full- scale fire testing is still required before inclusion of products onboard U.S. Navy submarines and surface ships. C1 NAVSEA, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Sorathia, U (reprint author), NAVSEA, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 1683 EP 1694 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800151 ER PT S AU Malvar, LJ Tichy, R Pendleton, DE AF Malvar, LJ Tichy, R Pendleton, DE BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Fire issues in engineered wood composites for Naval waterfront facilities SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE fire resistance; flammability; composite materials AB Engineered wood materials, also known as wood-plastic composites (WPCs), are being investigated by the U.S. Navy for waterfront construction applications primarily because of their superior durability characteristics compared to wood. Durability, however, reaches beyond structural integrity and biodeterioration effects. Fire performance requirements are also critical issues in the acceptance of new combustible construction materials. To address fire performance issues in waterfront construction test methods and protocols were investigated. The objectives of this study were to determine Navy requirements for waterfront component fire resistance, to identify or develop test protocol requirements, and to initiate small sample fire testing based on those requirements. Currently the Navy's criteria documents defer to NFPA 307, Construction and Fire Protection of Marine Terminals, Piers and Wharves, where component cross-sectional area is a determining factor. Because WPCs allow for hollow cross sections, these criteria will need to be modified. Standard test methods and modifications thereof were assessed for their relevance and potential application to WPCs. In particular, one test method (ASTM E108) was adapted and evaluated for wood-plastic composites, and found to provide good differentiation between various material types. ASTM D1929 was conducted to address building code acceptance criteria. Finally, it was suggested that a modified version of ASTM E119 could be used for further evaluation. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. RP Malvar, LJ (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 1713 EP 1722 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800154 ER PT S AU Lucke, RL AF Lucke, RL GP IEEE IEEE TI Fundamentals of wide-field sparse-aperture imaging SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID TELESCOPE; ARRAY AB Wide-field sparse-aperture imaging systems are desirable for space-borne surveillance applications because they have the potential for improving resolution while minimizing the weight penalty implied by a bigger deployed aperture. Exploiting this potential requires image processing in Fourier space to correct the effects of their badly compromised point spread functions. Consideration of how the SNR in Fourier space depends on sparsity reveals an unexpected, fundamental, highly disadvantageous limit on exposure time, expressed by the Fienup theorem. The merits of different types of aperture configurations are discussed in terms of the resulting point spread and modulation transfer functions, and the effect of dividing a broad spectral range into sub-bands is introduced. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lucke, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 1401 EP 1419 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700146 ER PT S AU Pauls, TA AF Pauls, TA GP IEEE IEEE TI Origins of sparse aperture imaging SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; STELLAR INTERFEROMETER; TELESCOPES; IMAGES; COAST; PHASE AB Sparse aperture imaging has its roots in the work on optical interferometry by Fizeau and Michelson over one-hundred years ago, and the development of radio astronomy nearly fifty years later. In their quest for higher angular resolution at meter wavelengths radio astronomers were forced to seek alternatives to filled aperture telescopes. Radio interferometers, as these instruments are called, measure the complex visibility, which is the Fourier transform of the source brightness distribution. The earliest instruments measured only the amplitude of the visibility, and it was several years before phase measurements became routine. Both the amplitude and phase of the visibility are needed to produce images of a complex source by Fourier inversion. It wasn't until the 1970s and 1980s that the technology was available to allow modem optical stellar interferometers to be built. This paper traces the history of sparse aperture imaging from early radio measurements to the current generation of ground-based optical interferometers, and discusses their general principles of operation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pauls, TA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7210, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 1421 EP 1427 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700147 ER PT S AU Hindsley, RB Mozurkewich, D AF Hindsley, RB Mozurkewich, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Signal to noise in sparse aperture imaging SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID ARRAYS AB We have performed numerical experiments that mapped out the relationship between fill fraction (f) and exposure time (t), and worked out quantitative and qualitative explanations for why the exposure time scales the way it does with fill fraction. These experiments indicate that the relationship t proportional to f (-3) holds only if the aperture is scaled properly as the fill fraction decreases. In particular, the number of apertures must increase roughly as the inverse of the fill fraction. This work provides useful insight into what the tradeoffs are between types of sparse apertures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hindsley, RB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7210,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 1429 EP 1443 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700148 ER PT S AU Vilcheck, MJ Reed, AE Peltzer, AR Davis, MA Burris, HR AF Vilcheck, MJ Reed, AE Peltzer, AR Davis, MA Burris, HR GP IEEE IEEE TI Overview of the NCST's new optical research facility SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST) at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is building a new capability to support space-related optical research activities. The facility will be located at NRL's Midway Research Center near Quantico, VA. Phase One, completed in 1999, is a multi-purpose transportable telescope (TRTEL) which has already been used for an air-to-ground optical communications demonstration and for passive satellite tracking operations. The second phase, consisting of a Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) system built around a 1-meter re-locatable telescope, is scheduled for completion in the summer of 2001. Technical details describing both systems are provided. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vilcheck, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8123,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 1489 EP 1494 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700154 ER PT S AU Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Gilbreath, GC Mahon, R Ferraro, M Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Katzer, DS AF Goetz, PG Rabinovich, WS Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Gilbreath, GC Mahon, R Ferraro, M Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Katzer, DS GP IEEE IEEE TI Effects of proton irradiation on InGaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well modulators SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Recently large area multiple quantum well (MQW) optical modulators have been coupled to corner-cube optical retro-reflectors to allow free-space optical communications using a lightweight, low-power device. A pointing/tracking system and laser are required only on one end of the link. Such a system is attractive for ground-to-space links or space-to-space communication between a satellite and a microsat. An important question for these potential space-borne systems is the radiation tolerance of the MQW modulator, which is the principle active component. To investigate this subject, we irradiated three 0.5 cm diameter InGaAs/AlGaAs modulators using a sequence of bombardments of 1 MeV protons. One of the devices was irradiated while under a normal operating reverse bias voltage of 15 V; the other devices were unbiased. After each exposure the electronic, optical and modulation characteristics of the modulators were evaluated. No degradation was observed until a cumulative fluence of I x 10(14) protons/cm(2), equivalent to an ionizing radiation dose of approximately 200 Mrad(Si). C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Goetz, PG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 1523 EP 1529 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700158 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Meehan, TJ Rabinovich, WS Vilcheck, MJ Mahon, R Ferraro, M Vasquez, JA Sokolsky, I Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Goetz, PG AF Gilbreath, GC Meehan, TJ Rabinovich, WS Vilcheck, MJ Mahon, R Ferraro, M Vasquez, JA Sokolsky, I Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Goetz, PG GP IEEE IEEE TI Retromodulator for optical tagging for LEO consumables SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID MODULATORS AB In this paper, we report the results of a recent demonstration in which a Multiple Quantum Well retromodulator array was used as a low power, lightweight means to provide optical tagging of a remotely located object. A laser diode integrated on a tracker/pointing system scanned without cueing for a modulated retroreflected beam. The retroreflected energy was received and the embedded code demodulated for tagging identification. Ranges were on the order of 40 meters using an array of 1/2 cm MQW devices. Data were transferred at a rate of one mega chip per second over the link. Device power requirements were on the order of several milliwatts. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 1531 EP 1539 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700159 ER PT S AU Kirsteins, IP Rangaswamy, M AF Kirsteins, IP Rangaswamy, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Approximate CFAR signal detection in strong low rank non-Gaussian interference SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB We have derived a new generalized likelihood ratio test for detecting a signal in unknown, strong non-Gaussian low rank interference plus white Gaussian noise. An important advantage of the new test is that it needs essentially no knowledge of the non-Gaussian distribution, except that the coherent part of the interference is or can be approximated as low rank. Using perturbation expansions of the test statistic, we establish the connection of the proposed GLRT detector to the UMPI test and show that it is approximately CFAR. Computer simulations indicate that the new detector significantly outperforms traditional adaptive methods in non-Gaussian interference and is insensitive to signal and rank mismatch. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 1783 EP 1790 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700183 ER PT S AU Walsh, MJ Graham, ML Streit, RL Luginbuhl, TE Mathews, LA AF Walsh, MJ Graham, ML Streit, RL Luginbuhl, TE Mathews, LA GP IEEE IEEE TI Tracking on intensity-modulated sensor data streams SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Conventional trackers are point trackers. Tracking energy on a field of sensor cells requires windowing, thresholding, and interpolating to arrive at data points to feed the tracker. This scheme poses problems when tracking energy that is distributed across many cells. Such signals are sometimes termed "over-resolved." It has been suggested that tracking could be improved by decreasing the resolution of the signal processor, so that the cells are large enough to encompass the bulk of the energy, and better match the point tracker assumptions. Larger arrays provide greater resolution at lower frequencies, with the potential for improved detection and classification performance, but in direct conflict with tracking "over-resolved" signals. These issues are addressed by the histogram-based probabilistic multi- hypothesis tracking (PMHT) method discussed in this paper, which provides a means for modeling and tracking signals that may be spread across many sensor cells. This paper will focus on the initial development and testing of this algorithm for one-dimensional sensor data. Elements of the signal model, theory, and algorithm will be presented along with two frequency domain examples. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Walsh, MJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 1901 EP 1909 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700195 ER PT S AU Anderson, WT AF Anderson, WT GP IEEE IEEE TI Semiconductor device reliability in extreme high temperature space environments SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Reliability at high temperatures is one of the most important problems for electronic components operating in extreme space environments. High temperature operation not only reduces the performance of electronic devices, but also greatly shortens their lifetime. The electronic devices are usually designed for room temperature performance. In this paper a review is made of high temperature reliability testing of solid-state electronic components. To date, most of this work has been concerned with high temperature stressing, usually for short periods of time (less than 100 hours) to demonstrate stability. Comprehensive high temperature reliability studies will be required to field high temperature devices for future space exploration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM anderson@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 2457 EP 2462 DI 10.1109/AERO.2001.931206 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700251 ER PT S AU Prickett, AL Parkes, CJ AF Prickett, AL Parkes, CJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Flight testing of the F/A-18E/F automatic carrier landing system SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The F/A-18E/F is the U.S. Navy's premier strike fighter aircraft, manufactured by the Boeing Company. The F/A-18E/F aircraft, while maintaining a high degree of commonality with the F/A-18C/D aircraft, has a lengthened fuselage, larger wing and control surfaces, strengthened landing gear, an improved propulsion system including a growth version of the General Electric F404 engine designated the F414-GE-400, and larger high performance inlets. This paper concentrates on the development, test, and evaluation of the F/A-18E/F Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) up to and including the Third Sea Trials, upon which the aircraft was initially qualified for Mode I, totally automatic, approaches and landings to the aircraft carrier. The paper briefly describes the key components of the F/A-18E/F's ACLS, including cockpit displays and controls, antennas, autothrottles and flight control implementation, and interface with the shipboard AN/SPN-46(V) ACLS. Test procedures and methodology are presented as well as test results and interpretation. Finally, lessons learned are presented and recommendations are made for future aircraft ACLS developmental test and evaluation efforts. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Prickett, AL (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, 21947 Nickles Rd,Bldg 1641, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 2593 EP 2612 DI 10.1109/AERO.2001.931220 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700265 ER PT S AU Carico, D He, CJ Blemel, P AF Carico, D He, CJ Blemel, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Web-based flight test training & mishap investigation support SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Work is ongoing to develop a web-based capability to support flight testing and mishap investigations. Fewer new aircraft are being procured today compared to aircraft procurement a couple decades ago. As the older members of the test force retire or change jobs, more pressure is placed on the more junior engineers to conduct the testing. Flight test training is accomplished at government and commercial test pilot schools, but after graduating the flight test engineers and pilots must primarily work with on-the-job training. One approach to improve flight test training support, currently being developed as part of a small business innovative research program, involves combining advanced technology programs associated with a physics-based analysis model structure and the World Wide Web. This paper discusses the results of the ongoing program to enhance and integrate an advanced simulation model structure with a collaborative network and with advanced microprocessors. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 2613 EP 2622 DI 10.1109/AERO.2001.931221 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700266 ER PT S AU Roberts, DW AF Roberts, DW GP IEEE IEEE TI SUU-25F/A dispenser pod flight test program on the F/A-18A aircraft SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB A modified SUU-25F/A dispenser pod system was evaluated for employment on the U.S. Navy F/A-18A Hornet fighter/attack aircraft. Testing had been conducted previously on the F/A-18A with a standard SUU-25F/A system, but was discontinued when the dispensed stores nearly collided with the horizontal stabilator. A modified system of two pods on the outboard wing station was designed to increase the separation clearance of the aft launched stores, below and outboard of the horizontal stabilator. Test methodology included a level flight build-up in airspeed with qualitative analysis of separation characteristics being conducted real-time using onboard telemetered video. The innovations implemented in this program enabled demonstration of store safe separation with a minimum number of test flights and store expenditures. C1 USN, Air Syst Command, Air Vehicle Stores Compatibil Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Roberts, DW (reprint author), USN, Air Syst Command, Air Vehicle Stores Compatibil Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 2623 EP 2628 DI 10.1109/AERO.2001.931222 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700267 ER PT S AU McConvey, W Michaels, C AF McConvey, W Michaels, C GP IEEE IEEE TI YCH-60 airborne mine counter-measures proof of concept demonstration SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The investigation of transitioning the Airborne Mine Countermeasures (AMCM) mission to the H-60 helicopter platform required the demonstration of the capability to tow water-borne weapon systems from a YCH-60 prototype aircraft. Naval Rotary Wing Aircraft Test Squadron (NRWATS) was tasked to conduct a multi-phased test during the concept demonstration. The purpose of the Phase I and II testing was to investigate the YCH-60 aircraft capability to conduct the AMCM tow mission under dynamic conditions. Specifically, the test was designed to evaluate aircraft performance and handling qualities, to evaluate adequacy of structural towing provisions, to evaluate design tow speeds and tensions, and to collect usage spectrum data. Flight tests were conducted during a joint Navy and Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation flight test from 17 November 1999 to 17 January 2000 at the Sikorsky Aircraft facility, Stratford, CT and at Naval Air Station (NAS) Patuxent River, MD. This paper addresses the results and evaluations of Phases I and II. C1 USN, Rotary Wing Aircraft Test Squadron, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP McConvey, W (reprint author), USN, Rotary Wing Aircraft Test Squadron, 22755 Saufley Rd,Hangar 111, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 2639 EP 2648 DI 10.1109/AERO.2001.931224 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700269 ER PT S AU Hardman, W Hess, A Blunt, D AF Hardman, W Hess, A Blunt, D GP IEEE IEEE TI A USN development strategy and demonstration results for propulsion and mechanical systems diagnostics, prognostics and health management SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB A US Navy strategy was generated and is still evolving to develop and demonstrate diagnostics and prognostics for helicopter drivetrains. The SH-60 program was initiated as a proof-of-concept effort to develop, demonstrate, and integrate available and advanced mechanical diagnostic technologies for propulsion and power drive system monitoring. Included in these technologies were various rule based and model based analysis techniques which were applied to demonstrate and validate various levels of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Some of these will be discussed. Since spalling; of the SB 2205 roller bearing integral inner race is the most common dynamic component cause for gearbox removal in the SH-60, it was tested as part of the original III IDS effort. Using this as a case example, diagnostic methods are used to identify the fault, and means of applying prognostics are discussed. Other more recent examples of "seeded faults" will also be discussed as case studies demonstrating various degrees of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. These include the evaluation of an epicyclic planet gear separation algorithm developed by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO), Australia. Multivariate analysis reasoners, and information fusion requirements and approaches will also be discussed. Most recently a strategy is evolving to more fully develop and demonstrate the predictive aspects of prognostics. Finally a full description, recent accomplishments, status and plans for the NAWCAD Helicopter Transmission Test Facility (HTTF) will be presented. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Prop & Power Dept, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Hardman, W (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Prop & Power Dept, Bld 106,Unit 4,22195 Elmer Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 3059 EP 3068 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700308 ER PT S AU Gardner, S Filippelli, L AF Gardner, S Filippelli, L GP IEEE IEEE TI A virtual collaboration testbed (VCT) for joint campaign battle management and mission planning SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Future joint force and coalition mission and strike planning activities will be distributed seamlessly over reconfigurable networks. These networks will adapt to specific mission requirements and various mixes of multi-force and coalition partner participants. Decision support applications will be required to operate in a virtual environment with full sharing and collaboration among participants across a wide range of platforms. To accomplish these objectives will require laboratory testing and evaluation of Command and Control (C2) decision support applications in a flexible. collaborative framework that enables rapid insertion of a variety of both legacy and emergent decision support applications. These collaborative environment solutions of the future must not only provide communications and knowledge management, but also must provide seamless access to resources and information. product and process models. as well as advanced decision support tools. With die explosive growth of Internet technology. virtual collaboration is moving towards a web environment. In addition, new software technologies such as the Java 2 Enterprise Edition Platform and Application Programming Model have enabled previously impractical integration and interoperation of computer and human resources. The Naval Research Laboratory. Naval Center for Space Technology, Mission Development Branch and Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation, are developing a Virtual Collaboration Testbed (VCT) as a distributed computing framework that supports the gathering of human and computer-based assets to collaborate for mission planning and campaign battle management activities. The NRL VCT will provide a means to judge the effectiveness of C2 decision support applications and to develop a strategy to maximize the return on investments. In this paper we discuss the design and configuration of VCT to meet the Navy's requirements for decision support. such as campaign-level battle management and joint force mission planning. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gardner, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8110,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 3507 EP 3515 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700350 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B BE Jacobs, A Baldwin, T TI An open problem in matching sets of 3D lines SO 2001 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY DEC 08-14, 2001 CL KAUAI, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc ID REGISTRATION; SEGMENTS; OBJECTS; CURVES AB Methods for matching sets of 3D lines depend on whether line lengths are finite or infinite. In terms of line lengths, three basic cases arise in matching sets of lines: (1) finite to finite, (2) finite to infinite, and (3) infinite to infinite. For cases I and 2, which have not been treated in the literature, we present convergent iterative algorithms that (almost) always find the best match. For case 3, Faugeras and Hebert (FH) [3] have proposed a popular iterative method that cannot be guaranteed to converge. We present an alternative approach that does converge. However, we also show that neither the FH solution, nor our solution is invariant with respect to coordinate transforms, which renders any best match meaningless. Thus, a satisfactory solution to case 3 does not yet exist. We discuss the underlying problem, which is the representation of infinite lines, and suggest alternatives that may lead to an invariant solution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Adv IT Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Adv IT Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7695-1272-0 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2001 BP 651 EP 656 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX22J UT WOS:000184694200085 ER PT B AU Heather, FW AF Heather, FW GP IEEE IEEE TI Development of a HF broadcast simulator for whole aircraft testing SO 2001 IEEE EMC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 13-17, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB Worldwide, High frequency (BY) broadcaster radiates very high intensity radiated fields in the airspace used by both civil and military aircraft. Testing of aircraft at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Patuxent River Maryland is performed to determine the compatibility with the external electromagnetic environment. The Office of Secretary of Defense (OSD) Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) recognized the need for aircraft to be electro magnetically compatible with the HF broadcast electromagnetic environment (EME) CTEIP has supported the development of a new simulator that permits aircraft to be tested for compatibility with the EME produce by HF broadcast. This paper will describe the validation of these fields, the antenna development, transmitter capabilities and resulting whole radiated fields for aircraft testing. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Heather, FW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Bld 144,Suite 3B,48202 Standley Rd Unit 5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6569-0 PY 2001 BP 414 EP 418 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2001.950675 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT07Y UT WOS:000171881500080 ER PT B AU Brezinski, KA Kempf, DR AF Brezinski, KA Kempf, DR GP IEEE IEEE TI Electromagnetic interference evaluation of an intercommunications system on a navy aircraft SO 2001 IEEE EMC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 13-17, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB The intercommunications system (ICS) on a Navy aircraft was evaluated for numerous electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems that had been reported during use in the Fleet. As a Non Developmental Item (NDI) for the Navy, very little EMI testing had been performed. Though this was not a typical Navy program, it was a real life example of the problems that can be caused by not adhering to the EMI requirements. This paper discusses the testing performed, including some innovative testing using reverberation techniques inside the aircraft and also outside the aircraft in a shielded hangar. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Brezinski, KA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6569-0 PY 2001 BP 469 EP 470 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2001.950685 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT07Y UT WOS:000171881500090 ER PT B AU Brezinski, KA Kempf, DR AF Brezinski, KA Kempf, DR GP IEEE IEEE TI Unique applications of reverberation techniques SO 2001 IEEE EMC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 13-17, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB Box level radiated susceptibility was required on a large, highly interconnected avionics system. Traditional laboratory testing compliance needed to be demonstrated, however, the complexity of the system and necessary support equipment prohibited normal approaches in a laboratory environment. This paper discusses the testing performed using reverberation techniques inside the aircraft and also outside the aircraft in a shielded hangar. The paper also discusses the innovative testing techniques and departures from traditional rules and paradigms of the trade. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Brezinski, KA (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6569-0 PY 2001 BP 732 EP 733 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT07Y UT WOS:000171881500144 ER PT B AU Slocum, MB Hatfield, MO AF Slocum, MB Hatfield, MO GP IEEE IEEE TI Evaluation of proposed IEC reverberation chamber methodology for radiated emissions measurements using a reference radiator SO 2001 IEEE EMC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 13-17, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB This work evaluates the reverberation chamber methodology proposed for radiated emissions testing in the IEC draft standard 61000-4-21. Testing was conducted using a reference radiator system. Evaluations of the reference radiator were accomplished using in-band antennas. The results were compared to the measured output power of the reference radiator connected directly to a spectrum analyzer. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Slocum, MB (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6569-0 PY 2001 BP 734 EP 739 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT07Y UT WOS:000171881500145 ER PT S AU Morrow, MG Welch, TB Wright, CHG York, GWP AF Morrow, MG Welch, TB Wright, CHG York, GWP GP IEEE IEEE TI Demonstration platform for real-time beamforming SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: VOL I: SPEECH PROCESSING 1; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING 2 IND TECHNOL TRACK DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS NEURALNETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL III: IMAGE & MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING - VOL IV: SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATIONS; VOL V: SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION SENSOR ARRAY & MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING AUDIO & ELECTROACOUSTICS; VOL VI: SIGNAL PROCESSING THEORY & METHODS STUDENT FORUM SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 07-11, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB DSP topics such as real-time beamforming are more easily taught to undergraduates if appropriate demonstrations and laboratory experiences are available. This paper describes a real-time DSP beamforming educational platform based around MATLAB and the Texas Instruments C6211 digital signal processing starter kit. Classroom uses of this platform are discussed; the software is available at http://www.usna.edu/EE/links/ee_links.htm. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Morrow, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7041-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2001 BP 2693 EP 2696 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT70T UT WOS:000173806500675 ER PT S AU Kirsteins, IP Rangaswamy, M AF Kirsteins, IP Rangaswamy, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Approximate CFAR signal detection in strong low rank non-Gaussian interference SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: VOL I: SPEECH PROCESSING 1; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING 2 IND TECHNOL TRACK DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS NEURALNETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL III: IMAGE & MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING - VOL IV: SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATIONS; VOL V: SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION SENSOR ARRAY & MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING AUDIO & ELECTROACOUSTICS; VOL VI: SIGNAL PROCESSING THEORY & METHODS STUDENT FORUM SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 07-11, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB Recent work suggests that the performance of conventional Gaussian-based adaptive methods can degrade severely in correlated non-Gaussian interference. We have addressed this problem by developing a new generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for detecting a signal in unknown, strong non-Gaussian low rank interference plus white Gaussian noise which does not need detailed knowledge of the non-Gaussian distribution. The optimality of the proposed GLRT detector is established using perturbation expansions of the test statistic to show that it is closely related to the UMPI test for this problem. Computer simulations indicate that the new detector significantly outperforms standard adaptive methods in non-Gaussian interference and is robust. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Kirsteins, IP (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Code 8212, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7041-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2001 BP 2849 EP 2852 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT70T UT WOS:000173806500714 ER PT S AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE TI Joint spatial and temporal delta-sigma modulation for wideband antenna arrays and video halftoning SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: VOL I: SPEECH PROCESSING 1; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING 2 IND TECHNOL TRACK DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS NEURALNETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL III: IMAGE & MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTIMEDIA SIGNAL PROCESSING - VOL IV: SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATIONS; VOL V: SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION SENSOR ARRAY & MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING AUDIO & ELECTROACOUSTICS; VOL VI: SIGNAL PROCESSING THEORY & METHODS STUDENT FORUM SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 07-11, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID D/A AB Extending an existing architecture for delta-sigma conversion of vector inputs, we suggest spectrally shaping quantization noise jointly, in temporal and spatial frequency domains with delta-sigma modulation, and we examine the application of the idea to wide-band antenna or acoustic arrays and to halftoning of video imagery. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7041-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2001 BP 2941 EP 2944 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT70T UT WOS:000173806500737 ER PT S AU Julier, SJ Uhlmann, JK AF Julier, SJ Uhlmann, JK GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A counter example to the theory of simultaneous localization and map building SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 21-26, 2001 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE AB This paper analyzes the properties of the full covariance simultaneous map building problem (SLAM). We prove that, even for the special case of a stationary vehicle (with no process noise) which uses a range-bearing sensor and has non-zero angular uncertainty, the full-covariance SLAM algorithm always yields an inconsistent map. We also show. through simulations, that these conclusions appear to extend to a moving vehicle with process noise. However. these inconsistencies only become apparent after several hundred beacon updates. C1 USN, Res Lab, ITT Syst, Virtual Real Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, ITT Syst, Virtual Real Lab, Code 5580, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM julier@ait.nrl.navy.mil; uhlmann@cecs.missouri.edu NR 8 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-6576-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2001 BP 4238 EP 4243 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT31J UT WOS:000172615800675 ER PT S AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM BE Sigmon, B TI Derivation of analytical dyadic Green's function modifications for microstrip attenuation in transmission layered structures SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS ID ANISOTROPIC PERMITTIVITY; FUNCTION SOLVER; COMPUTATION; PROPAGATION AB Rigorous derivation of the correction to the dyadic Green's function for a microstrip structure containing complex layered media is done for imperfect metallization. A hierarchy of formulas is found consistent with a full-wave electromagnetic code employing zero thickness extent conductors for the guiding structure metal. At the bottom of the hierarchy are formulas which are only dependent on the conductor geometry and material properties. Numerical examples show the sensitivity of the attenuation constant to these formulas. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Tech Div, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Tech Div, Microwave Technol Branch, Code 6850-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 1221 EP 1224 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500284 ER PT S AU Pond, JM Liu, SJ Newman, N AF Pond, JM Liu, SJ Newman, N BE Sigmon, B TI Dual-mode and quad-mode Mobius bandpass filters SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS AB Dual-mode and quad-mode Mobius wire-loaded cavity resonators are being developed for compact bandpass filter applications. Initial results on tuned filters indicate that excellent filter characteristics can be attained in devices that are significantly smaller than traditional wire loaded cavity technology. A novel quadmode Mobius resonator is presented which occupies the same volume as a dual-mode Mobius resonator. Precisely-controlled dielectric loading of dual-mode Mobius wire loaded bandpass filters has been recently implemented. The passband characteristics are quite encouraging despite the limited tuning used to date. C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pond, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 1771 EP 1774 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500414 ER PT B AU Campisi, GJ AF Campisi, GJ GP IEEE IEEE TI The status and future of silicon carbide SO 2001 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2: DEVELOPING NEW PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE, PES AB In this paper we will discuss the status of a new class of high performance power switching device that is built with semiconductor silicon carbide (SiC), The potential impact on advanced electrical power systems of Sic will be discuss and recent results will show SiC switches and diodes with nearly ideal and high speed switching behavior. A hybrid power bridge, a silicon switch with a SiC diode, shows improved circuit efficiency improving efficiency from 88 to 92%. C1 Off Naval Res, Adv Elect Power Syst, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Campisi, GJ (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Adv Elect Power Syst, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7285-9 PY 2001 BP 1194 EP 1198 DI 10.1109/TDC.2001.971431 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV11R UT WOS:000177854200219 ER PT B AU Krieg, J Tuflinger, T Pease, R AF Krieg, J Tuflinger, T Pease, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Manufacturer variability of enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) in a voltage comparator SO 2001 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) held in conjunction with the 38th Annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; BIPOLAR ICS; REGULATOR AB The variability in total dose response of a voltage comparator from five manufacturers is examined. The total dose degradation of input bias current varies by a factor of 100 among manufacturers and only three of the five exhibit ELDRS. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Krieg, J (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7199-2 PY 2001 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1109/REDW.2001.960468 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BT43B UT WOS:000172972300025 ER PT B AU Hamilton, BJ Turflinger, TL AF Hamilton, BJ Turflinger, TL GP IEEE IEEE TI Total dose testing of 10-bit low voltage differential signal (LVDS) serializer and deserializer SO 2001 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) held in conjunction with the 38th Annual IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE AB Commercial deep submicron (< 0.25 micron) CMOS technology exhibits excellent total dose hardness. National Semiconductor LVDS serializer and deserializer circuits, manufactured in this process, were tested to over 115 krd(Si) and 65 krd(Si) respectfully, without failure. Testing proved to challenge traditional test techniques, as these parts ran at parallel data rates up to 40 MHz. C1 NAVSEA Crane, Technol Dev Branch, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Hamilton, BJ (reprint author), NAVSEA Crane, Technol Dev Branch, Code 6054,Bldg 2940W, Crane, IN 47522 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7199-2 PY 2001 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1109/REDW.2001.960474 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Nuclear SC Engineering; Physics GA BT43B UT WOS:000172972300027 ER PT S AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Improved image thresholding for object extraction in IR images SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2001) CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL THESSALONIKI, GREECE SP IEEE Signal Processing Soc, IEEE ID TARGET AB Object extraction from IR image background is of great interest both to the military and the commercial sector. A convenient and popular approach to object extraction is image thresholding. In this paper, we describe a new and easy to implement approach for extracting object(s) in single frame IR images, which has many similarities to image thresholding. Both on the basis of theoretical considerations and experimental results, however, our approach appears to be noticeably more dependable than image thresholding for IR images. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-6725-1 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2001 BP 758 EP 761 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV14B UT WOS:000177932500190 ER PT B AU Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B AF Kamgar-Parsi, B Kamgar-Parsi, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Line matching: Solutions and unsolved problems SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2001) CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL THESSALONIKI, GREECE SP IEEE Signal Processing Soc, IEEE ID SEGMENTS AB Matching sets of 3D lines is a basic tool in image registration, recognition, and other applications. In terms of line lengths, three basic cases arise in matching two sets of lines: (1) finite-finite, (2) finite-infinite, and (3) infinite-infinite. Cases 1 and 2 have not been treated in the literature. We present a convergent, iterative algorithm that solves these two cases. Extensive tests show that the algorithm almost always converges to the best match, particularly when hypothesized line correspondences are correct, or when the noise does not substantially destroy the similarity of the two sets. Case 3 has been addressed by Faugeras and Hebert [2]. They present an iterative technique that cannot be guaranteed to converge. We present a new method for solving this case that converges. However, more importantly we show that neither method is invariant to the translation of the coordinate system. Therefore, a satisfactory solution for case 3 does not yet exist. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kamgar-Parsi, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6725-1 PY 2001 BP 905 EP 908 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV16U UT WOS:000178044600230 ER PT S AU Boos, JB Bennett, BR Kruppa, W Park, D Mittereder, J Turner, NH AF Boos, JB Bennett, BR Kruppa, W Park, D Mittereder, J Turner, NH GP IEEE IEEE TI AlSb/InAs HEMTs with a TiW/Au gate metalization SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL NARA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Electr, Informat & Commun Engineers, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dec Assoc, Res & Dev Assoc Future Electron Devices ID INAS; TRANSPORT AB We report on the fabrication and characteristics of AlSb/InAs HEMTs with a TiW/Au gate metalization. Prior to the metal evaporation, the usual oxygen plasma surface pretreatment was adjusted to minimize damage. These HEMTs exhibit decreased gate leakage current in the low drain bias region and similar microwave performance compared to previous HEMTs fabricated from the same material with a Cr/Au gate metal. The HEMTs were found to be thermally stable up to 180 degreesC when heat treated in a H-2/N-2 ambient. TiW/Au diode test structures fabricated on similar HEMT material were thermally stable up to 270 degreesC. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boos, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-6700-6 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2001 BP 460 EP 463 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.2001.929174 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT18Y UT WOS:000172226900118 ER PT B AU Ikossi, K Goldenberg, M Mittereder, J AF Ikossi, K Goldenberg, M Mittereder, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Metallization options and annealing temperatures for low contact resistance ohmic contacts to n-type GaSb SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 01) CY DEC 05-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, USA, Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Lab, NASA, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept ID GAAS C1 USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ikossi, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7432-0 PY 2001 BP 252 EP 255 DI 10.1109/ISDRS.2001.984488 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BU17Z UT WOS:000175261300064 ER PT B AU Peckerar, M Bass, R AF Peckerar, M Bass, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI E-beam proximity control in the sub-50nm limit SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 01) CY DEC 05-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, USA, Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Lab, NASA, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Peckerar, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7432-0 PY 2001 BP 358 EP 358 DI 10.1109/ISDRS.2001.984515 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BU17Z UT WOS:000175261300091 ER PT B AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Meyer, JR Turner, GW Manfra, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Lindle, JR Canedy, CL Meyer, JR Turner, GW Manfra, MJ Lee, H Martinelli, RU GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Advances in mid-IR antimonide type-II W lasers SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 01) CY DEC 05-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, USA, Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Lab, NASA, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept ID DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; PUMPING INJECTION CAVITY; MU-M; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7432-0 PY 2001 BP 504 EP 507 DI 10.1109/ISDRS.2001.984557 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BU17Z UT WOS:000175261300132 ER EF