FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Goodman, RR Caruthers, JW Stanic, SJ Wilson, MA AF Goodman, RR Caruthers, JW Stanic, SJ Wilson, MA TI Observation of high-frequency sound propagation in shallow water with bubbles due to storm and surf SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bubbles; dispersion; propagation ID ATTENUATION; LAYER AB An experiment,vas performed off the shore of Panama City, FL, to measure the spatial and temporal coherence of high-frequency signals that were transmitted between fixed towers. Transmission was along paths at mid depths in about 10 m of water. During the time of the experiment, there were two stormy days with breaking waves and nearby high surf. It was observed that pulse-to-pulse variations lover seconds) in travel times, over a range of frequencies; increased dramatically from those observed on quiet days, Average travel times also increased by about 3%. Dispersion was also observed. The distance between the source and the receiver towers was approximately 60 m, By assuming that bubbles were either generated by breaking waves and advected downward and/or generated by surf and advected outward, these results are explained. Estimates of the average bubble density and bubble-density variations are made. C1 Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Goodman, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1109/48.895357 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 395WD UT WOS:000166603500010 ER PT J AU Stanic, SJ Goodman, RR Meredith, RW Kennedy, E AF Stanic, SJ Goodman, RR Meredith, RW Kennedy, E TI Measurements of high-frequency shallow-water acoustic phase fluctuations SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustics; scattering; signal fluctuations ID STABILITY AB A shallow-water high-frequency (HF) acoustic propagation experiment was conducted just off shore in Panama City, FL, Several broad-band high-resolution sources and receivers were mounted on stable platforms and deployed in water depths of 8-10 m, Signals covering the frequency range from 20 to 200 kHz were transmitted from the sources to two spatially separated receivers, The data were analyzed to provide estimates of the signal phase variances as a function of frequency and source-to-receiver range, These phase variabilities are correlated with small-scale water column thermal variabilities and ocean swell conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Stanic, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.1109/48.895358 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 395WD UT WOS:000166603500011 ER PT J AU Deltheil, C Didier, L Hospital, E Brutzman, DP AF Deltheil, C Didier, L Hospital, E Brutzman, DP TI Simulating an optical guidance system for the recovery of an unmanned underwater vehicle SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The underwater environment is hazardous, remote, and hostile, Having a look and interacting in this environment is a challenge for a human supervisor. Moreover, to design an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), or evaluate its performance in operation, access to the underwater world is required. A powerful way to visualize the behavior of the vehicle is to create a virtual world with all functionalities of the real world, and to operate the vehicle in this virtual world. This implementation of a virtual laboratory is an excellent way to perform meaningful simulations and complex system testing. In order to study the problem of UUV recovery by a submarine, simulations fan be a great help. After the vehicle has finished its mission, it has to proceed to a predetermined rendezvous area to return to the submarine. When the UUV and submarine have detected each other, the recovery begins. The vehicle needs a very accurate guidance mode in order to steer itself to the recovery device. An additional guidance system coupled with a nominal navigation system may be a wag to ensure safe vehicle navigation through the flow around the slowly moving submarine, When considering the different technological possibilities concerning the additional guidance system, a functional design approach leads to the choice of an optical technology, The assumptions for the. optical guidance mode are that the UUV is fitted with a camera and a high-powered light is located at the edge of the recovery device. The principle is that the UUV tracks the highest intensity; light source. This system is easy to operate, but the distance between the UUV and the submarine must not exceed 200 m, due to light attenuation. In order to simulate and stimulate such a guidance system, it is interesting to create realistic views representing what the UUV may see according to this environment. A software program was designed, taking into account the physical phenomena occurring during the light propagation under the water, to simulate the kind of images that can be obtained from a camera, An underwater scene is generated, including any object and any light source, and including the physical properties of the sea water (reflection, refraction, absorption, and scattering). A ray-tracing algorithm simulates the operation of a camera by calculating and rendering the path inverse to the Light path. Because both camera optics and hydrodynamics response are simulated using high-resolution physics models, this virtual camera provides physically based sensor inputs to the robot software in the laboratory. Control orders concerning the vehicle result from the real-time robot interpretation of the generated image. To steer the vehicle to the light source, the navigation system has to take into account the image and the information carried by the image: shall the vehicle go up or down, starboard or port, of slowly or quickly to navigate in the direction of the light? To answer these questions, the image synthesizer module is integrated with an underwater virtual world. The vehicle performs a mission described in a file with simple keywords. When the mission controller reads a key,word activating the additional guidance mode, the image synthesizer computes the image of the camera and returns ordered data for the depth, heading, and speed to the navigation system. At the next step, another image is processed and new orders are returned, until the vehicle reaches the area around the light source. If the light source is put directly on the recovery device, stable guidance through recovery becomes possible. A variety of simulations were performed, with varying light sources and positions, to verify. proper guidance system operation during different UUV/submarine configurations. The results obtained during the simulations were used to create an optical guidance control mode. All the steps for designing such a simulated guidance system are described in this communication. C1 Ecole Natl Ingn, Lab CPSI, F-65016 Tarbes, France. USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Deltheil, C (reprint author), Ecole Natl Ingn, Lab CPSI, F-65016 Tarbes, France. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 568 EP 574 DI 10.1109/48.895364 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 395WD UT WOS:000166603500017 ER PT J AU Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ AF Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ TI A 0.8-8.8-GHz image rejection microwave photonic downconverter SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave links; microwave photonics; optical communications; optical frequency conversion ID LINK; RECEIVER; MIXER AB We report the performance of a wideband image rejection microwave downconverter which maps 0.8-8.8 GHz signals into intermediate frequencies between 1-2 GHz. Measurements performed on the system reveal an image rejection of greater than 150 dB and a spur free dynamic range of 106 dB/Hz(2/3). In addition, spurious signals present in the original system have been removed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strutz, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1376 EP 1378 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 374PN UT WOS:000165353700028 ER PT J AU Pascoal, A Kaminer, I Oliveira, P AF Pascoal, A Kaminer, I Oliveira, P TI Navigation system design using time-varying complementary filters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID H-INFINITY AB A new methodology for the design of navigation systems for autonomous vehicles is introduced. Using simple kinematic relationships, the problem of estimating the velocity and position of an autonomous vehicle is solved by resorting to special bilinear time-varying tilters, These are the natural generalization of linear time-invariant complementary filters that are commonly used to properly merge sensor information available at low frequency with that available in the complementary region. Complementary filters lend themselves to frequency domain interpretations that provide valuable insight into the filtering design process, This work extends these properties to the time-varying setting by resorting to the theory of linear differential inclusions and by converting the problem of weighted filter performance analysis into that of determining the feasibility of a related set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Using this set-up, the stability of the resulting filters as well as their "frequency-like" performance can be assessed using efficient numerical analysis tools that borrow from convex optimization techniques. The mathematical background that is required for complementary time-varying filter analysis and design is introduced. Its application to the design of a navigation system that estimates position and velocity of an autonomous vehicle by complementing position information available from SPS with the velocity information provided by a Doppler sonar system is described. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Super Tecn, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Syst & Robot, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. RI Oliveira, Paulo/F-9196-2010; OI Oliveira, Paulo/0000-0002-5799-390X; PASCOAL, ANTONIO /0000-0002-0657-6671 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1099 EP 1114 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 386TU UT WOS:000166078300007 ER PT J AU Steiner, M Gerlach, K AF Steiner, M Gerlach, K TI Fast converging adaptive processor or a structured covariance matrix SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SUBSPACE TRACKING; INTERFERENCE AB The use of adaptive linear techniques to solve signal processing problems is needed particularly when the interference environment external to the signal processor (such as for a radar or communication system) is not known a priori. Due to this lack of knowledge of an external environment, adaptive techniques require a certain amount of data to cancel the external interference. The number of statistically independent samples per input sensor required so that the performance of the adaptive processor is close (nominally within 3 dB) to the optimum is called the convergence measure of effectiveness (MOE) of the processor. The minimization of the convergence MOE is important since in many environments the external interference changes rapidly with time. Although there are heuristic techniques in the literature such as the Eigenvector Projection Method (EPM) that provide fast convergence for particular problems, there is currently not a general solution for arbitrary interference that is derived via classical theory. A maximum likelihood (ML) solution (under the assumption that the input interference Is Gaussian) is derived here for a structured covariance matrix that has the form of the identity matrix plus an unknown positive semi-definite Hermitian (PSDH) matrix. This covariance matrix form is often valid in realistic interference scenarios for radar and communication systems. Using this ML estimate, simulation results are given that show that the convergence is much faster than the often-used sample matrix inversion (SR II) method. In addition, the ML solution for a structured covariance matrix that has the aforementioned form where the scale factor on the identity matrix is arbitrarily lower-bounded, is derived. Finally, an efficient implementation is presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Steiner, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5341,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Steiner, Michael/0000-0003-3199-0935 NR 17 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1126 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 386TU UT WOS:000166078300008 ER PT J AU Strifors, HC Gaunaurd, GC AF Strifors, HC Gaunaurd, GC TI Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a perfectly conducting cylinder with a thin lossy magnetic coating SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic (EM) scattering; radar scattering widths AB We study the scattering interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves with an infinite cylinder coated with a lossy dielectric material with frequency-dependent material properties. These properties are hypothetical, yet representative of a wide class of available materials. The monostatic and bistatic scattered widths (SW) are evaluated for the TM or TE polarization cases. These calculations require the use of algorithms to evaluate Bessel-Hankel functions of complex arguments. These algorithms are based on a continued fraction approach, which ensures stability of the recursion relations. The bistatic plots of the TM and TE scattering widths for the coated body are displayed in a convenient color-graded scale. The reductions in the scattering widths produced by this type of coating are determined in selected frequency bands and angular sectors, in both polarization cases. It is quantitatively shown how curvature and polarization shift the effectiveness band of the coating. The determined regions in which the SW are minimally affected are the most suitable for target identification purposes. C1 Def Res Estab, S-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Strifors, HC (reprint author), Def Res Estab, S-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1528 EP 1532 DI 10.1109/8.899669 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 399QR UT WOS:000166824300005 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Myers, M Smith, ID Carboni, V Kishi, J Morton, D Pearce, J Bowen, B Schlitt, L Barr, O Webster, W AF Sethian, JD Myers, M Smith, ID Carboni, V Kishi, J Morton, D Pearce, J Bowen, B Schlitt, L Barr, O Webster, W TI Pulsed power for a rep-rate, electron beam pumped KrF laser SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrode erosion; electron beam; excimer laser; krypton fluoride laser; laser triggered spark gap; pulsed power modulator; repetitive pulsed power AB A new type of pulsed power system has been designed and built for a rep-rate, electron beam, pumped KrF laser. The system consists of two independent 11.2-kJ generators, which operate continuously at 5 Hz and will produce two opposing 500-kV, 110-kA, 100-ns flat-top electron beams. The system combines the spark gap prime switch/step-up transformer design from the AIRIX and DAHRT injectors, and the water pulse-forming lines/output switch/vacuum insulator design from the Nike 60-cm amplifier. The system is fully operational, with both sides operating together. One side has operated continuously at 5 Hz for 90 000 shots, This paper describes the system and the results of initial tests, including electrode wear. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sethian, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1333 EP 1337 DI 10.1109/27.901193 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000006 ER PT J AU Chae, GS Scales, WA Ganguli, G Bernhardt, PA Lampe, M AF Chae, GS Scales, WA Ganguli, G Bernhardt, PA Lampe, M TI Numerical model for low-frequency ion waves in magnetized dusty plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dusty plasmas; numerical simulation; particle-in-cell code ID CHARGE-FLUCTUATION DYNAMICS; GRAIN-CHARGE; ACOUSTIC INSTABILITY AB A two-dimensional (2-D) numerical model is presented to study low-frequency ion waves and instabilities in magnetized dusty plasmas. Fundamental differences exist between dusty plasmas and electron-ion plasmas because of dust charging processes. Therefore, a primary goal of this investigation is to consider the unique effects of dust charging on collective effects in dusty plasmas, In this study, the background plasma electrons and ions are treated as two interpenerating fluids whose densities are self-consistently reduced by dust charging. The dust is treated with a particle-in-cell (PIC) model in which the dust charge varies with time according to the standard dust charging model. Fourier spectral methods with a predictor-corrector time advance are used to temporally evolve the background plasma electron and ion equations, The dust charge fluctuation mode and the damping of lower hybrid oscillations due to dust charging, as well as plasma instabilities associated with dust expansion into a background plasma, are investigated using our numerical model. The numerical simulation results show good agreement with previous theoretical predictions and provide further insight into dust charging effects on wave modes and instabilities in dusty plasmas. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chae, GS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1694 EP 1705 DI 10.1109/27.901256 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000069 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hughes, JM Wynne, JH Sakran, JV Hardy, DR AF Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hughes, JM Wynne, JH Sakran, JV Hardy, DR TI Biodiesel fuels: Use of soy oil as a blending stock for middle distillate petroleum fuels SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Fuels for military applications have more severe restrictions than for the usual commercial consumer. One of the most stringent and difficult requirements to meet is that of fuel storage stability. Storage instability is defined in terms of solids formation which can plug nozzles and filters. Materials added as fuel blending stocks must be chemically stable and not induce instability in the fuel to which it is added. In the present research, a soybean-derived fuel was added in concentrations up to 20% in both stable and unstable petroleum middle distillate fuels. The storage stability of the mixture was tested by ASTM 5304. The soy-fuel mixtures proved stable in the stable fuel and reduced the instability in the unstable fuel significantly. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6121,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3945 EP 3948 DI 10.1021/ie003640 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 361QE UT WOS:000089733100069 ER PT J AU McVeigh, A Fasano, A Scott, DA Jelacic, S Moseley, SL Robertson, DC Savarino, SJ AF McVeigh, A Fasano, A Scott, DA Jelacic, S Moseley, SL Robertson, DC Savarino, SJ TI IS1414, an Escherichia coli insertion sequence with a heat-stable enterotoxin gene embedded in a transposase-like gene SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; OVERLAPPING GENES; READING FRAMES; 2 GENES; DIARRHEA; STRAINS; TOXIN; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; DNA AB Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) was originally discovered in EAEC but has also been associated with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Multiple genomic restriction fragments from each of three ETEC strains of human origin showed homology with an EAST1 gene probe. A single hybridizing fragment was detected on the plasmid of ETEC strain 27D that also encodes heat-stable enterotoxin Ib and colonization factor antigen I. We isolated and characterized this fragment, showing that it (i) carries an allele of astA nearly identical to that originally reported from EAEC 17-2 and (ii) expressed enterotoxic activity. Sequence analysis of the toxin coding region revealed that astA is completely embedded within a 1,209-bp open reading frame (ORF1), whose coding sequence is on the same strand but in the -1 reading frame in reference to the toxin gene. In vitro expression of the predicted M-r-similar to 46,000 protein product of ORF1 was demonstrated. ORF1 is highly similar to transposase genes of IS285 from Yersinia pestis, IS1356 from Burkholderia cepacia, and ISRm3 from Rhizobium meliloti. It is bounded by 30-bp imperfect inverted repeat sequences and flanked by 8-bp direct repeats. Based on these structural features, pathognomonic of a regular insertion sequence, this element was designated IS1414. Preliminary experiments to show IS1414 translocation were unsuccessful. Overlapping genes of the type suggested by the IS1414 core region have heretofore not been described in bacteria. It seems to offer a most efficient mechanism for intragenomic and horizontal dissemination of EAST1. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Mol Biol Biochem & Microbiol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Savarino, SJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 NR 49 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 68 IS 10 BP 5710 EP 5715 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.10.5710-5715.2000 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 355QE UT WOS:000089395700034 PM 10992475 ER PT J AU Naficy, AB Frenck, RW Abu-Elyazeed, R Kim, YD Rao, MR Savarino, SJ Wierzba, TF Hall, E Clemens, JD AF Naficy, AB Frenck, RW Abu-Elyazeed, R Kim, YD Rao, MR Savarino, SJ Wierzba, TF Hall, E Clemens, JD TI Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a population of Egyptian children SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE serology; incidence; prevalence; anthropometry; malnutrition; hygiene ID PERUVIAN CHILDREN; BIRTH COHORT; BREATH TEST; ACQUISITION; AGE; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD; COMMUNITY AB Background To describe the seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a population of Egyptian children under 3 years. Methods A cohort of children under 36 months, residing in Abu Homos, Egypt, were visited at home twice weekly. Information regarding the child's breastfeeding status was obtained, and periodic anthropometric and household hygiene surveys were performed. In June 1997, a serosurvey was conducted on 187 study participants over 6 months old. The serosurvey was repeated in October 1997. All sera were tested for IgG antibodies to H. pylori. Results The June prevalence of H. pylori infection was 10%, and the incidence from June to October was 15%. Between June and October, 8 (42%) of 19 children that were positive for H. pylori infection seroreverted to negative. All seroreversions occurred in children 6-17 months. Other than age, no sociodemographic or environmental factor was significantly associated with incident Pi. pylori infection. There was no significant differences in the weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and height-for-age z-scores between children with and without prevalent H. pylori infection. Conclusions Infection with H. pylori is common in Egyptian children under 3 years old and is not associated with malnutrition. No predictors for H. pylori infection were found. Our preliminary evidence for transient H. pylori infections in young children needs to be confirmed in a prospective cohort study, and predictors for persistent infection should be sought, since only these may be relevant to the known sequellae of infection. C1 NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. NICHHD, Biometry & Math Stat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Naficy, AB (reprint author), NICHHD, Epidemiol Branch, Room 7B03,6100 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-7186-02] NR 24 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 29 IS 5 BP 928 EP 932 DI 10.1093/ije/29.5.928 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 376DX UT WOS:000165443900024 PM 11034980 ER PT J AU Nissen, ME AF Nissen, ME TI An intelligent tool for process redesign: Manufacturing supply-chain applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE artificial intelligence; intelligent systems; manufacturing; reengineering; supply-chain management ID AI AB Manufacturing enterprises face intensive competitive pressures, and many firms are forced to redesign processes just to stay even with the competition. But process redesign is an expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive activity, and first-generation computer-based tools are inadequate for redesign today. Alternatively, knowledge-based systems and intelligent tools have the ability to address the key intellectual activities required for effective process redesign. The research described in this article addresses an intelligent redesign tool called KOPeR. The article describes the KOPeR design and implementation and highlights its use and mechanics in the context of a manufacturing supply-chain example. It then turns to application of KOPeR as a redesign tool in the field, through an "industrial-strength" reengineering engagement, to redesign major supply-chain processes. The field results reveal insights into the use, utility, and potential of this tool in procurement, manufacturing, and beyond. The article closes with a number of promising future directions for related research. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nissen, ME (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-6299 J9 INT J FLEX MANUF SYS JI Int. J. Flexible Manuf. Syst. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 4 BP 321 EP 339 DI 10.1023/A:1008178217369 PG 19 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 367EL UT WOS:000090048700006 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, JM TI Resolution of peanut allergy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE peanut allergy; "resolvers" C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 106 IS 4 BP 777 EP 777 DI 10.1067/mai.2000.107399 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 365ZP UT WOS:000089980600023 PM 11031350 ER PT J AU Klette, KL Poch, GK Czarny, R Lau, CO AF Klette, KL Poch, GK Czarny, R Lau, CO TI Simultaneous GC-MS analysis of meta- and para-hydroxybenzoylecgonine and norbenzoylecgonine: A secondary method to corroborate cocaine ingestion using nonhydrolytic metabolites SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY-EXCRETION; ESTER; BENZOYLECGONINE; DISPOSITION; HYDROLYSIS; MECONIUM; TISSUE C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Inst Sci & Forens Med, Dept Sci Serv, Singapore, Singapore. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, 34425 Farenholt Ave,Suite 40, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 7 BP 482 EP 488 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 361AT UT WOS:000089700100004 PM 11043650 ER PT J AU Klette, KL Anderson, CJ Poch, GK Nimrod, AC ElSohly, MA AF Klette, KL Anderson, CJ Poch, GK Nimrod, AC ElSohly, MA TI Metabolism of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD (O-H-LSD) in human liver microsomes and cryopreserved human hepatocytes SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; N-DEMETHYL-LSD; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BODY-FLUIDS; HUMAN URINE; 1-AMINOBENZOTRIAZOLE; CYTOCHROME-P-450; INACTIVATION; EXTRACTION C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Klette, KL (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, 34425 Farenholt Ave,Suite 40, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 7 BP 550 EP 556 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 361AT UT WOS:000089700100012 PM 11043658 ER PT J AU Stout, PR Horn, CK Lesser, DR AF Stout, PR Horn, CK Lesser, DR TI Loss of THCCOOH from urine specimens stored in polypropylene and polyethylene containers at different temperatures SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOIDS; ADSORPTION; METABOLITE; ACID C1 USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Stout, PR (reprint author), USN, Drug Screening Lab, Naval Air Stn, POB 113,Bldg H-2033, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 7 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 361AT UT WOS:000089700100015 PM 11043661 ER PT J AU Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL Zeisse, CR Bendall, CS AF Frederickson, PA Davidson, KL Zeisse, CR Bendall, CS TI Estimating the refractive index structure parameter (C-n(2)) over the ocean using bulk methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; TURBULENCE; FLUXES; HEAT; COEFFICIENTS; VALIDATION; SPECTRUM; MODELS; WAVES; CTQ AB Infrared scintillation measurements were obtained along a 7-km path over San Diego Bay concurrently with meteorological measurements obtained from a buoy at the midpoint of the path. Bulk estimates of the refractive index structure parameter cb were computed from the buoy data and compared with scintillation-derived C-n(2) values. The bulk C-n(2) estimates agreed well with the scintillation measurements in unstable conditions. In stable conditions the bulk C-n(2) estimates became increasingly higher than the scintillation values as the air-sea temperature difference increased. This disagreement may be due to enhanced wave-induced mixing of the lower atmosphere that decreases the vertical temperature and humidity gradients in stable conditions from the assumed Monin-Obukhov similarity (MOS) theory forms, resulting in bulk C-n(2) values that are too high. The bulk C-n(2) estimates decrease rapidly when the absolute air-sea temperature difference approaches small positive values. These predicted decreases in C-n(2) were nor observed in either the path-averaged scintillation measurements or in single-point turbulence measurements, indicating that bulk models for estimating scalar structure parameters based on mean air-sea scaler differences are not valid when the mean air-sea difference approaches zero. The authors believe that the most promising means toward improving the bulk C-n(2) model is to obtain a better understanding of the MOS functions over the ocean for a wide stability range, and particularly of the role of ocean waves in modifying near-surface vertical gradients and turbulence characteristics. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Frederickson, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 36 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1770 EP 1783 DI 10.1175/1520-0450-39.10.1770 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 373DX UT WOS:000165274100010 ER PT J AU Guha, S Qadri, SB Musket, RG Wall, MA Shimizu-Iwayama, T AF Guha, S Qadri, SB Musket, RG Wall, MA Shimizu-Iwayama, T TI Characterization of Si nanocrystals grown by annealing SiO2 films with uniform concentrations of implanted Si SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ION-IMPLANTATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; LUMINESCENCE AB We have performed physical and optical characterization of Si nanocrystals grown by ion implantation of Si+ ions at multiple energies with varying doses into thermally grown SiO2 films. The purpose of multiple implants was to achieve uniform composition of the added Si profile throughout the SiO2 film to produce Si particles with a narrow size distribution upon annealing at 1000 degrees C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The depth distribution of the composition and sizes of the Si particles in SiO2 films before and after the anneal were determined using Rutherford backscattering (RBS), forward recoil spectroscopy, small-angle x-ray diffraction (SXRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). From RBS we concluded that the amount of free silicon was reduced by annealing, presumably due to oxidation in the annealing process. The mean cluster sizes of the annealed samples were determined by SXRD. HRTEM was also employed to determine the average size of Si particles. Photoluminescence spectra (PL) from these samples were broad and the peak positions of the PL spectra were blue-shifted with decreasing cluster size. The line shapes of the PL spectra were calculated with a quantum confinement model assuming a log-normal size distribution of Si nanoparticles and (1/D)(1.25) dependence of the band gap energy as a function of particle size D. The band gap energy and the average particle size obtained from the calculated line shape spectra agree well with the quantum confinement model. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)04020-2]. C1 USN, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Aichi Univ Educ, Dept Mat Sci, Kariya, Aichi 4488542, Japan. RP Guha, S (reprint author), Nanosci Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 7 BP 3954 EP 3961 DI 10.1063/1.1308096 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 355DY UT WOS:000089371600021 ER PT J AU Macfarlane, PJ Zvanut, ME AF Macfarlane, PJ Zvanut, ME TI Characterization of paramagnetic defect centers in three polytypes of dry heat treated, oxidized SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; SILICON-CARBIDE; OXIDATION; SIC(0001); STATES; FILMS AB This work describes the characterization of defect centers in 3C-SiC, 4H-SiC, and 6H-SiC. The different SiC crystal structures are examined with electron paramagnetic resonance after thermal oxidation, and after dry (< 1 ppm H(2)O) N(2) or O(2) heat treatment. The centers are described by g values that range from 2.0025 to 2.0029, which are typical of C dangling bonds. Because the centers are activated in ambients that eliminate H(2)O and are passivated in ambients that contain H(2)O, it is suggested that the centers are C dangling bonds created during the dry heat treatment when hydrogen or a hydrogenous species releases from C bonds. The activation characteristics for the centers is the same for both 6H and 3C polytypes; however, centers in the 6H-SiC samples are passivated at lower temperatures than the centers in the 3C-SiC samples. The passivation behavior is attributed to differences in the hydrogen diffusion rates in these materials rather than significant differences in the chemistry of the centers. Etching studies conducted with hydrofluoric acid indicate that the centers are not located in the SiO(2), but are located in the SiC at a distance of, at most, 200 nm from the SiO(2)/SiC interface. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)02721-3]. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Macfarlane, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6816, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM zvanut@phy.uab.edu NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 7 BP 4122 EP 4127 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)02721-3] DI 10.1063/1.1311810 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 355DY UT WOS:000089371600048 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Rochford, PA Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, AB Rochford, PA Hurlburt, HE TI Efficient and accurate bulk parameterizations of air-sea fluxes for use in general circulation models SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SENSIBLE HEAT; WIND STRESS; TURBULENT FLUXES; LAYER PROCESSES; SEASONAL CYCLE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE WIND; INDIAN-OCEAN; ENERGY FLUX AB Efficient and computationally inexpensive simple bulk formulas that include the effects of dynamic stability are developed to provide wind stress, and latent and sensible heat fluxes at the air-sea interface in general circulation models (GCMs). In these formulas the exchange coefficients for momentum and heat (i.e., wind stress drag coefficient, and latent and sensible heat flux coefficients, respectively) have a simple polynomial dependence on wind speed and a linear dependence on the air-sea temperature difference that are derived from a statistical analysis of global monthly climatologies according to wind speed and air-sea temperature difference intervals. Using surface meteorological observations from a central Arabian Sea mooring, these formulas are shown to yield air-sea fluxes on daily timescales that are highly accurate relative to those obtained with the standard algorithm used by the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE), where the latter includes the effect of dynamic stability in calculating wind stress and air-sea heat fluxes. Direct comparisons in calculating the wind stress, and latent and sensible heat fluxes with these formulas and the TOGA COARE algorithm demonstrate that the methodology presented here is computationally inexpensive because iterative calculations are not required in the present methodology. Wind stress and air-sea fluxes can be calculated approximate to 30 times faster with these bulk formulas than by using the TOGA COARE algorithm. This methodology is of direct practical value for GCMs of high spatial resolution, where the severe computational demands of performing GCM simulations encourage computing air-sea fluxes in the most computationally efficient manner possible. The combination of accuracy and ease of computation of this method makes it the preferred one for computing air-sea fluxes in such GCMs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM rochford@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 59 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1421 EP 1438 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1421:EAABPO>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 368GW UT WOS:000090110200009 ER PT J AU Ellenberger, NW AF Ellenberger, NW TI Constructing George Wyndham: Narratives of aristocratic masculinity in fin-de-siecle England SO JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES LA English DT Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Ellenberger, NW (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 119 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0021-9371 J9 J BRIT STUD JI J. Br. Stud. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 39 IS 4 BP 487 EP 517 DI 10.1086/386229 PG 31 WC History SC History GA 356EJ UT WOS:000089431100004 ER PT J AU Peiris, SM Gilardi, R Dave, PR Russell, TP AF Peiris, SM Gilardi, R Dave, PR Russell, TP TI Structures of dinitroazetidine and three of its carbonyl derivatives SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE azetidine; dinitroazetidine; energetic materials ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; 1,3,3-TRINITROAZETIDINE AB The structures of DNAZ (3,3-dinitroazetidine), DNAZ-COH, DNAZ-CO-DNAZ, and (DNAZ-CO)(2) have been determined. DNAZ crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/c with cell parameters a = 5.928(7) Angstrom, b = 15.8380(2) Angstrom, c = 12.6837(15) and beta = 93.23 degrees. DNAZ-COH crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/c with cell parameters a = 10.3270(10) Angstrom, b = 6.0615(12) Angstrom, c = 11.2514(12), and beta = 100.17 degrees. DNAZ-CO-DNAZ crystallizes in the space group P2(1)/n with cell parameters a = 10.3630(6) Angstrom, b = 6.0901(5) Angstrom, c = 19.9421 (11) and beta = 102.74 degrees. (DNAZ-CO)(2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic, space group Fdd2 with cell parameters a = 13.1956(10) Angstrom, b = 19.524(3) Angstrom, c = 10.3259(11). This last compound is unique in that the trans carbonyls are planar and the adjoining azetidine rings are also planar to within 0.1 degrees in all torsion angles. DNAZ crystals have a dimeric asymmetric unit where two nonequal molecules are bonded to each other with a single hydrogen bond. Like other four-membered rings with gem-dinitro groups, most of these dinitroazetidines display mutually perpendicular nitro groups. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. ARDEC, Geoctrs Inc, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 30 IS 10 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.1023/A:1011996132020 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 487GH UT WOS:000171865000005 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF McCoy, RP Thonnard, SE Budzien, SA Thomas, RJ Bullett, TN Bucsela, EJ AF Dymond, KF McCoy, RP Thonnard, SE Budzien, SA Thomas, RJ Bullett, TN Bucsela, EJ TI O+, O, and O-2 densities derived from measurements made by the High Resolution Airglow/Aurora Spectrograph (HIRAAS) sounding rocket experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOPKINS ULTRAVIOLET TELESCOPE; DISCRETE INVERSE-THEORY; DAYGLOW; NIGHTGLOW; OXYGEN; MODEL; 834-A; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; RECOMBINATION AB We present the results of an analysis of the O II 834 Angstrom and O I 1356 Angstrom altitude profiles measured during a sounding rocket flight on March 19, 1992. The profiles were analyzed using a new set of models that used discrete inverse theory to seek a maximum likelihood fit to the data. Both profiles were fit simultaneously to ensure consistency of the retrieved ionosphere and thermospheric neutral density. During the analysis the thermospheric neutral density and temperature were modeled using the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSIS-86) model [Hedin, 1987]. Two parameters were used to scale the absolute MSIS O and O-2 densities; the exospheric temperature was altered by varying the 10.7 cm solar flux (an MSIS-86 input). The ionospheric O+ density was modeled by a three-parameter Chapman layer. The retrieved MSIS scalars for the O and O-2 densities were 0.47 +/- 0.09 and 0.58 +/- 0.14, respectively. These scalars indicate that the MSIS-86 model predicted significantly higher O and O-2 densities. The inferred exospheric temperature was 1125 K in good agreement with the MSIS-86 prediction. The derived O density is in good agreement with the O density inferred from midultraviolet spectra observed during the same rocket flight [Bucsela et al., 1998]. The retrieved F region peak density, 1.98 +/- 0.63 x 10(6) cm(-3), peak height, 291 +/- 22 km, and plasma scale height, 138 +/- 24 km, all agreed with coincident digisonde measurements. Thus we have demonstrated that the ionospheric state can be accurately determined by inversion of observed O II 834 Angstrom limb radiance profiles. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Lexington, MA USA. Raytheon STX Corp, Lanham, MD USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A10 BP 23025 EP 23033 DI 10.1029/1999JA000450 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 359UN UT WOS:000089630600007 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Joyce, G Fedder, JA AF Huba, JD Joyce, G Fedder, JA TI Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2): A new low-latitude ionosphere model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID F-REGION; THERMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; WINDS AB A new low-latitude ionospheric model has been developed at the Naval research Laboratory: Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2). SAMI2 treats the dynamic plasma and chemical evolution of seven ion species (H+, He+, N+, O+, N-2(+), NOS, and O-2(+)) in the altitude range similar to 100 km to several thousand kilometers. The ion continuity and momentum equations are solved for all seven species; the temperature equation is solved for H+, He+, O+, and the electrons. SAMI2 models the plasma along the Earth's dipole field from hemisphere lo hemisphere, includes the E x B drift of a flux tube (both in altitude and in longitude), and includes ion inertia in the ion momentum equation for motion along the dipole field line. The final point is relevant for plasma dynamics at very high altitudes where ion inertia can be important. For example, we have found that ion sound waves, which art; supported by ion inertia, may be generated in the topside ionosphere (> 1000 km) at sunrise and sunset [Huba et al., 2000b]. The neutral species are specified using the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter model (MSIS86) and the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM93). In this paper we describe in detail the SAMI2 model and present representative results from the model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Leading Edge Technol Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 200 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A10 BP 23035 EP 23053 DI 10.1029/2000JA000035 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 359UN UT WOS:000089630600008 ER PT J AU MacPherson, B Gonzalez, SA Sulzer, MP Bailey, GJ Djuth, F Rodriguez, P AF MacPherson, B Gonzalez, SA Sulzer, MP Bailey, GJ Djuth, F Rodriguez, P TI Measurements of the topside ionosphere over Arecibo during the total solar eclipse of February 26, 1998 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGION PLASMA DRIFTS; ELECTRON-DENSITY; NEUTRAL WINDS; LOW LATITUDES; MODEL; O+; H+; SATELLITE; ALTITUDE; MINIMUM AB The Arecibo incoherent scatter radar facility was operated on February 26, 1998, and was used to observe the total solar eclipse that occurred over the Caribbean. A maximum of 87% obscuration was observed over Arecibo at 1430 LT(1830 UT). The radar was operated using an experimental technique, which uses a 300 mu s single/multi- frequency pulse, to gather data from the altitude range 146-2412 km. The Sheffield University plasmasphere ionosphere model was used to interpret the measurements. The electron temperature was found to have decreased by 600 K at 400 km altitude, but the magnitude of the decrease becomes smaller with increasing altitude. This is shown to be the result of the lesser degree of obscuration of the solar disk at latitudes north of Arecibo. Conjugate point photoelectron heating effects are also shown to play a significant role in the electron energy balance during the eclipse. The H+ ion temperature exhibited a response to the eclipse, with temperatures being around 200 K lower than expected at the time of maximum obscuration. There was relatively little variation observed in the O+ temperature. The response of the topside ionosphere is characterized by a downward motion arising from the contraction of the plasma due to reduced plasma temperatures. This is most clearly seen in the O+-H+ transition altitude which falls by 200 km. The transition altitude fully recovers within 2 hours after the eclipse. The location of the transition altitude acts to mitigate the effects of the eclipse on the topside electron densities. C1 Arecibo Observ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Univ Sheffield, Space & Atmosphere Res Grp, Dept Appl Math, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP MacPherson, B (reprint author), Arecibo Observ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RI Gonzalez, Sixto/G-1982-2011 OI Gonzalez, Sixto/0000-0001-5544-1426 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A10 BP 23055 EP 23067 DI 10.1029/2000JA000145 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 359UN UT WOS:000089630600009 ER PT J AU Drake, AI Gray, N Yoder, S Pramuka, M Llewellyn, M AF Drake, AI Gray, N Yoder, S Pramuka, M Llewellyn, M TI Factors predicting return to work following mild traumatic brain injury: A discriminant analysis SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE cognition; mild traumatic brain injury; occupational functioning; outcome; return to work ID MINOR HEAD-INJURY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEFICITS; RATING-SCALE; CONCUSSION; SYMPTOMS; SEQUELAE; RECOVERY; PROGRAM; COMA AB Studies of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) suggest that most individuals recover rapidly and return to their everyday activities. However, a percentage of MTBI patients report persistent problems with cognitive, physical, and emotional symptoms. There is also evidence that some experience changes in occupational functioning following MTBI. The current study used a stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) to examine the role of injury severity variables, cognitive performance, and ratings of symptoms of TBI in predicting work status following MTBI. Subjects included 121 MTBI patients who were all active-duty military personnel. The stepwise DFA revealed that age and three cognitive variables (verbal memory, verbal fluency, and a speed test of planning and strategy) were predictive of work status 3-15 months following a documented MTBI, correctly classifying work status 68.8% of the time. A cross-validation DFA was conducted, with a 66.1% correct classification rate. These findings highlight the importance of cognitive impairments in identifying those at risk for occupational impairment following MTBI. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Drake, AI (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 55 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 10 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1103 EP 1112 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 359DT UT WOS:000089596800004 PM 10970931 ER PT J AU Haddad, D Ramprakash, J Sedegah, M Charoenvit, Y Baumgartner, R Kumar, S Hoffman, SL Weiss, WR AF Haddad, D Ramprakash, J Sedegah, M Charoenvit, Y Baumgartner, R Kumar, S Hoffman, SL Weiss, WR TI Plasmid vaccine expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor attracts infiltrates including immature dendritic cells into injected muscles SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; GM-CSF; FACTOR GENE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; METASTATIC MELANOMA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; DNA VACCINATION; T-CELLS AB Plasmid-encoded GM-CSF (pGM-CSF) is an adjuvant for genetic vaccines; however, little is known about how pGM-CSF enhances immunogenicity. We now report that pGM-CSF injected into mouse muscle leads to a local infiltration of potential APCs, Infiltrates reached maximal size on days 3 to 5 after injection and appeared in several large discrete clusters within the muscle. Immunohistological studies in muscle sections from mice injected with pGM-CSF showed staining of cells with the macrophage markers CD11b, Mac-3, IA(d)/E-d and to the granulocyte marker GR-1 from day 1 through day 14, Cells staining with the dendritic cell marker CD11c were detected only on days 3 to 5, Muscles injected with control plasmids did not stain for CD11c but did stain for CD11b, Mac3, IA(d)/E-d and GR-1, No staining was observed with the APC activation markers, B7,1 or CD40, or with markers for T or B cells. These findings are consistent with the infiltrating cells in the pGM-CSF-injected muscles being a mixture of neutrophils, macrophages, and immature dendritic cells and suggest that the i,m, APCs may be enhancing immune responses to coinjected plasmid Ags, This hypothesis is supported by data showing that 1) separation of injections with pGM-CSF and Ag-expressing plasmid into different sites did not enhance immune responses and 2) immune enhancement was associated with the presence of CD11c(+) cells in the infiltrates. Thus, pGM-CSF enhancement may depend on APC recruitment to the i,m, site of injection. C1 USN, Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Ctr, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Weiss, WR (reprint author), USN, Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 49 TC 84 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 BP 3772 EP 3781 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 357AZ UT WOS:000089477500031 PM 11034382 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Kung, FH Pureza, PC Aggarwal, ID AF Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Kung, FH Pureza, PC Aggarwal, ID TI Very large temperature-induced absorptive loss in high Te-containing chalcogenide fibers SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorption loss; electronic; free-carrier; and multiphonon absorption; optical gap; tellurium (Te)-based glass fiber ID GLASS-FIBERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION AB The change in the absorption loss relative to room temperature of the infrared (IR)-transmitting Ge15As35Se((50-x))Te-x glass fibers in the temperature range of -110 degreesC less than or equal to T less than or equal to 110 degreesC was investigated. The attenuation increased significantly at T greater than or equal to 40 degreesC. This is mainly attributed to thermally activated free carriers associated with the semimetallic character of the Te atom. For lambda less than or equal to 4.2 mum, the loss due to electronic and free-carrier absorption was strongly affected by temperature. In the wavelength region of 5-11 mum, the loss was mainly due to free-carrier absorption, Beyond lambda greater than or equal to 11 mum, multiphonon absorption dominated the loss spectrum at T less than or equal to 60 degreesC while free-carrier absorption contributed mainly to the total loss at T greater than or equal to 80 degreesC. C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Nguyen, VQ (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1395 EP 1401 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 375PG UT WOS:000165410000008 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO AF Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO TI A multiscale homogenization procedure for analysis of processes involving heat deposition using constrained parameter optimization SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE heat deposition; multiscale homogenization; parameter optimization; temperature histories; weld analysis ID GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS; PENETRATION AB We present aspects of a general procedure to be used in conjunction with constrained parameter optimization for the analysis of processes involving heat deposition such as welding processes and those involving rapid prototyping by means of powder deposition. Our emphasis in this report is on the construction of generating functions and subdomain elliptic solvers useful for the practical application of constrained parameter optimization for the calculation of thermal histories. The procedure for constructing generating functions and elliptic solvers is based on the concept of multiscale homogenization. We discuss those elements of the theoretical foundation of the general methodology based on constrained parameter optimization as these elements relate to the application of generating functions and subdomain solvers. In addition, we present a prototype weld analysis, which serves to demonstrate many of the details associated with the application of this methodology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Met Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 9 IS 5 BP 562 EP 570 DI 10.1361/105994900770345700 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 370RH UT WOS:000165135700013 ER PT J AU Pujar, MG Miller, AE Proroka, M Vasanth, KL Banerjee, G AF Pujar, MG Miller, AE Proroka, M Vasanth, KL Banerjee, G TI A novel corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloys using the beef lipids SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Pujar, MG (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 19 IS 20 BP 1797 EP 1799 DI 10.1023/A:1006782020757 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 359LV UT WOS:000089613100005 ER PT J AU Lockhart, R AF Lockhart, R TI Optimal ensemble length of mixed separable states SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The optimal (pure state) ensemble length of a separable state A is the minimum number of (pure) states needed in convex combination to construct A. We study the set of all separable states with optimal (pure state) ensemble length equal to k or fewer. Lower bounds on k are found below which these sets have measure 0 in the set of separable states. In the bipartite case and the multiparticle case where one of the particles has significantly more quantum numbers than the rest the lower bounds are sharp. A consequence of our results is that for all two-particle systems, except possibly those with one qubit or those with a nine-dimensional Hilbert space, and for all systems with more than two particles the optimal pure state ensemble length for a randomly picked separable state is with probability 1 greater than the state's rank. In bipartite systems with probabilty 1 it is greater than 1/4 the rank raised to the 3/2 power and in a system of p qubits with probability 1 it is greater than 2(2p)/(1+2p), i.e., almost the square of the rank. [S0022-2488(00)02510-X]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lockhart, R (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 10 BP 6766 EP 6771 DI 10.1063/1.1290055 PG 6 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 357XA UT WOS:000089525000005 ER PT J AU Coletta, PE AF Coletta, PE TI Andrew Foote: Civil war admiral on Western waters SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Coletta, PE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1164 EP 1165 DI 10.2307/2677289 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 359TU UT WOS:000089628800027 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI A nation collapses: The Italian surrender of September 1943 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1194 DI 10.2307/2677311 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 359TU UT WOS:000089628800050 ER PT J AU Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Lloyd, IK Aggarwal, ID Gershon, D AF Nguyen, VQ Sanghera, JS Lloyd, IK Aggarwal, ID Gershon, D TI Room temperature dielectric properties of the As40S((60-x))Se-x glass system SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article AB The relative dielectric constant (epsilon'), relative loss factor (epsilon "), and loss tangent (tan delta) of the chalcogenide As40S(60-x)Sex glasses (x=0, 20, 40, and 60 at.% Se) at room temperature have been investigated in the frequency range of 10(8)-10(10) HZ. Since the relative dielectric constant is related to polarization, the contribution of electronic and dipolar polarizations can be determined. As the Se content in the glass network increases, electronic polarization contributes up to approximately 78% of the relative dielectric constant for As40Se60 glass. This is mainly attributed to the larger electronic polarizability of the Se atom. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nguyen, VQ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5606-1, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT PY 2000 VL 276 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00278-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 358VX UT WOS:000089578800017 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Santangelo, PG Roland, CM AF Robertson, CG Santangelo, PG Roland, CM TI Comparison of glass formation kinetics and segmental relaxation in polymers SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SECONDARY RELAXATIONS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ENTHALPY RECOVERY; BETA-RELAXATION; POLYSTYRENE; LIQUIDS; TRANSITION AB Comparisons were made of the fragility (T-g-normalized temperature dependence of segmental relaxation times) derived from mechanical and dielectric measurements to the same quantity determined from the activation energy for enthalpy relaxation as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For linear polystyrenes of varying molecular weight, as well as for several other polymers, there was near quantitative agreement between the two measures of fragility. However, for poly(vinylethylene) (PVE) networks, whose normalized temperature dependence by either method increased with increasing crosslink density, the relationship was not quantitative. In contrast to the assessment of fragility, the shape (breadth) of the relaxation function cannot be reliably obtained from DSC measurements. The analysis yields results which depend on thermal history, contradicting the method's assumption of thermorheological simplicity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 66 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT PY 2000 VL 275 IS 3 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00260-X PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 356HB UT WOS:000089436900001 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Clark, TR Yantis, D AF Dubey, JP Clark, TR Yantis, D TI Frenkelia microti infection in a chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) in the United States SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID APICOMPLEXA AB A Frenkelia microti tissue cyst was found in the brain of a chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger) used for biomedical research. This is the first report of Frenkelia infection in this animal in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Anim Sources, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1150 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1149:FMIIAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700046 PM 11128498 ER PT J AU Hogan, PJ Hurlburt, HE AF Hogan, PJ Hurlburt, HE TI Impact of upper ocean-topographical coupling and isopycnal outcropping in Japan/East sea models with 1/8 degrees to 1/64 degrees resolution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ALTIMETER DATA; THERMOCLINE; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS; STRESS AB A regional primitive equation ocean model is used to investigate the impact of grid resolution, baroclinic instability, bottom topography, and isopycnal outcropping on the dynamics of the wind and throughflow-forced surface circulation in the Japan/East Sea. The results demonstrate that at least 1/32 degrees (3.5 km) horizontal grid resolution is necessary to generate sufficient baroclinic instability to produce eddy-driven cyclonic deep mean Rows. These abyssal currents follow the f/h contours of the bottom topography and allow the bottom topography to strongly influence mean pathways of the upper-ocean currents in the Japan/East Sea. This upper ocean-topographical coupling via baroclinic instability (actually a mixed baroclinic-barotropic instability) requires that mesoscale variability be very well resolved to obtain sufficient coupling. For example, 1/32 degrees resolution is required to obtain a realistic separation latitude of the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC) from the Korean coast when Hellerman-Rosenstein monthly climatological wind stress forcing is used. Separation of the EKWC is more realistic at 1/8 degrees resolution when the model is forced with climatological winds formed from the ECMWF 10-m reanalysis due to strong positive wind stress curl north of the separation latitude, but at 1/8 degrees the level of baroclinic instability is insufficient to initiate upper ocean-topographical coupling. Hence, this major topographical effect is largely missed at coarser resolution and leads to erroneous conclusions about the role of bottom topography and unexplained errors in the pathways of current systems. Results from a 1/64 degrees simulation are similar to those at 1/32 degrees, particularly where the EKWC separates from the Korean coast, suggesting statistical simulation convergence for mesoscale variability has been nearly achieved at 1/32 degrees resolution. Isopycnal outcropping and associated vertical mixing provide an alternate mechanism to topographical control in developing and maintaining a boundary current along the west coast of Japan, but are less important than baroclinic instability in driving deep mean flows. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Hogan, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 54 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2535 EP 2561 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<2535:IOUOTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 368FH UT WOS:000090106700004 ER PT J AU Lach-hab, M Keegan, M Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ AF Lach-hab, M Keegan, M Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ TI Electronic structure calculations of PbTe SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE chalcogenides; electronic structure; semiconductivity ID EXCHANGE-CORRELATION POTENTIALS; LEAD-CHALCOGENIDE; EFFECTIVE MASSES; ENERGY; PBSE AB The full potential linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method was applied to study the electronic structure of the PbTe compound. Calculations of the band structure, density of states, strain energy and total energy as a function of lattice constant have been performed in the B1(NaCl) and B2(CsCl) structures. The equilibrium lattice constant, the band gap, the pressure variation of the energy gap, the bulk moduli and the elastic constants are compared with experiment and other calculations. We found that the local density approximation results in an energy gap that overestimates the experimental value, in contrast to most materials where the energy gap is underestimated. We propose a simple way to adjust the gap to the experimental value by performing a Slater-Koster fit and then varying the p on-site parameter of Pb. The inclusion of the spin-orbit coupling term in the tight-binding Hamiltonian fit is shown to produce significant changes in the band structure. With these two steps, the calculated band gap is found to be in good agreement with experiment. In the case of PbTe (CsCl) structure, our calculation finds no gap in the bands, contradicting recent experimental data. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM papacon@duve.nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD OCT PY 2000 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1639 EP 1645 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00045-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 338GZ UT WOS:000088411900012 ER PT J AU Hill, DA Chez, RA Quinlan, J Fuentes, A LaCombe, J AF Hill, DA Chez, RA Quinlan, J Fuentes, A LaCombe, J TI Uterine rupture and dehiscence associated with intravaginal misoprostol cervical ripening SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE misoprostol; uterine rupture; labor, induced; cervical ripening ID PREVIOUS CESAREAN DELIVERY; LABOR INDUCTION; VAGINAL MISOPROSTOL; PATIENT; TRIAL AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the prostaglandin E-1 analogue misoprostol, when used as an agent for cervical ripening, is associated with uterine rupture. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a two-year retrospective chart review to determine the incidence of uterine rupture in patients with a previous cesarean delivery undergoing cervical ripening or the induction of labor. RESULTS: Uterine dehiscence occurred in 1 and uterine rupture occurred in 3 of 48 women with a prior cesarean delivery treated with 50 mug noses of intravaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening. Uterine rupture was found in 1 of 89 women who had air oxytocin infusion for induction of labor and none of the 24 patients who received intravaginal prostaglandin E-2 placed for cervical ripening. CONCLUSION: Intravaginal misoprostol appears to be associated with an increased incidence of uterine rupture when used in patients undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean. C1 Florida Hosp Family Practice Residency, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Orlando, FL USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tampa, FL USA. USN Hosp, Family Practice Residence Program, Jacksonville, FL USA. Florida Hosp Family Practice Residency, Maternal Fetal Ctr, Orlando, FL USA. Florida Hosp Family Practice Residency, Associate Clin Fac, Orlando, FL USA. Stamford Hosp, Obstet & Gynecol Residency Program, Stamford, CT USA. RP Hill, DA (reprint author), 500 E Rollins St,Suite 201, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 45 IS 10 BP 823 EP 826 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 368ET UT WOS:000090105300008 PM 11077631 ER PT J AU Kresin, V Ovchinnikov, Y Wolf, S AF Kresin, V Ovchinnikov, Y Wolf, S TI Intrinsic inhomogeneity of the cuprates: Pseudogap, resistive vs. diamagnetic transitions SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Major Trends in Superconductivity in the New Millennium CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2000 CL KLOSTERS, SWITZERLAND DE cuprates; inhomogeneity; pseudogap ID T-C; NORMAL-STATE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; TL2BA2CUO6+DELTA AB The pseudogap phenomenon in the cuprates can be explained by an intrinsic inhomogeneity of the samples. At temperatures above the superconducting resistive transition but below the temperature at which the pseudogap disappears, the sample contains superconducting islands embedded in a normal matrix. As a result, the normal resistance coexists with the gap structure, and there is a splitting of the resistive and Meissner traditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 11733V, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kresin, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.1023/A:1007834803243 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 376LK UT WOS:000165458900022 ER PT J AU Garner, PD Hall, LD Johnstone, PAS AF Garner, PD Hall, LD Johnstone, PAS TI Palliation of unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BILE-DUCT CARCINOMA; MALIGNANT BILIARY OBSTRUCTION; RADIATION-THERAPY; EXTERNAL-BEAM; METALLIC STENTS; RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER; BRACHYTHERAPY; MANAGEMENT; SURGERY C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Intervent Radiol, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-4790 J9 J SURG ONCOL JI J. Surg. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 75 IS 2 BP 95 EP 97 DI 10.1002/1096-9098(200010)75:2<95::AID-JSO4>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 3 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 371JC UT WOS:000165174700004 PM 11064387 ER PT J AU Williams, EG Houston, BH Herdic, PC Raveendra, ST Gardner, B AF Williams, EG Houston, BH Herdic, PC Raveendra, ST Gardner, B TI Interior near-field acoustical holography in flight SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION; RADIATION; GEOMETRIES; EQUATION AB In this paper boundary element methods (BEM) are mated with near-field acoustical holography (NAH) in order to determine the normal velocity over a large area of a fuselage of a turboprop airplane from a measurement of the pressure (hologram) on a concentric surface in the interior of the aircraft. This work represents the first time NAH has been applied in situ, in-flight. The normal fuselage velocity was successfully reconstructed at the blade passage frequency (BPF) of the propeller and its first two harmonics. This reconstructed velocity reveals structure-borne and airborne sound-transmission paths from the engine to the interior space. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)03310-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. Automated Anal Corp, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Williams, EG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1451 EP 1463 DI 10.1121/1.1289922 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 364LW UT WOS:000089894700008 PM 11051471 ER PT J AU Gopinath, A Trinh, EH AF Gopinath, A Trinh, EH TI Compressibility effects on steady streaming from a noncompact rigid sphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BUBBLE; FLOW AB The problem of steady streaming around a rigid isolated sphere in a plane standing acoustic field is considered. Existing results in the literature have been generalized to allow for noncompactness of the sphere, and the influence of fluid compressibility on the streaming behavior has been included. It is found that in the high-frequency Limit of interest for which the streaming is strongest, the effective steady slip velocity at the edge of the inner boundary layer region that is responsible for driving the steady streaming in the bulk of the fluid in the outer region, has a complex variation over the surface of the sphere that depends on (i) the sphere position (with respect to the node/antinode of the acoustic field), (ii) the extent of sphere compactness, and (iii) on a well-defined function (representing compressibility effects) of the fluid Prandtl number and its ratio of specific heats. Not surprisingly, the contribution from this function is negligible when the host fluid is a liquid. The steady streaming behavior around the sphere is demonstrated with the help of flow streamlines for various cases in the diffusive limit of weak outer flow for low streaming Reynolds numbers. [S0001-4966(00)01810-5]. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gopinath, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Code ME-GK, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1514 EP 1520 DI 10.1121/1.1289367 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 364LW UT WOS:000089894700015 PM 11051478 ER PT J AU Orr, MH Haury, LR Wiebe, PH Briscoe, MG AF Orr, MH Haury, LR Wiebe, PH Briscoe, MG TI Backscatter of high-frequency (200 kHz) acoustic wavefields from ocean turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL WAVE-PACKETS; MASSACHUSETTS BAY; ECHO-SOUNDER; MICROSTRUCTURE; SCATTERING AB Near space and time coincident 200-kHz acoustic backscatter and CTD measurements were taken during an interdisciplinary study of the internal wave packets that propagate through Massachusetts Bay. The data strongly support the contention that acoustic wavefields can be backscattered from turbulent mixing events (microstructure) associated with the internal wave packets. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)04308-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Orr, MH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1595 EP 1601 DI 10.1121/1.1286883 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 364LW UT WOS:000089894700024 PM 11051487 ER PT J AU Piquette, JC Smith, RC AF Piquette, JC Smith, RC TI Analysis and comparison of four anhysteretic polarization models for lead magnesium niobate SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Four anhysteretic polarization models that have been used in the literature to evaluate data acquired from lead magnesium niobate (PMN) are analyzed and compared. Derivations of two of the models from assumed spatial distributions of dipole energy states, using first physical principles, are presented. A third model is derived from a suitable integral averaging calculation. These derivations are used as the basis for developing an integral equation for determining an energy-state distribution that produces a fourth model, which was not originally formulated in terms of an assumed distribution. A new polarization function is also presented. Excellent approximations to each of the four polarization functions of interest can be deduced from this new polarization function by adjusting the numerical value of just a single parameter. An application of two of the models to data is presented. It is shown that it can be necessary to consider a sample to be an admixture of two distinct species of poles, in the sense that two polarization functions must be added together in order to accommodate the data. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)06110-5]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Piquette, JC (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1651 EP 1662 DI 10.1121/1.1310670 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 364LW UT WOS:000089894700030 PM 11051493 ER PT J AU Streit, RL AF Streit, RL TI Detection of Gaussian signals in Poisson modulated interference SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Passive broadband detection of target Signals by an array of hydrophones in the presence of multiple discrete interferers is analyzed under Gaussian statistics and low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. A nonhomogeneous Poisson-modulated interference process is used to model the ensemble of possible arrival directions of the discrete interferers. Closed-form expressions are derived for the recognition differential of the passive-sonar equation in the presence of Poisson-modulated interference. The interference-compensated recognition differential differs from the classical recognition differential by an additive positive term that depend on the interference-to-noise ratio, the directionality of the Poisson-modulated interference, and the array beam pattern. [S0001-4966(00)03910-2]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Streit, RL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1752 EP 1762 DI 10.1121/1.1290513 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 364LW UT WOS:000089894700039 PM 11051502 ER PT J AU Aunapu, NV Volino, RJ Flack, KA Stoddard, RM AF Aunapu, NV Volino, RJ Flack, KA Stoddard, RM TI Secondary flow measurements in a turbine passage with endwall flow modification SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY ID CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CASCADE; VISUALIZATION; PERFORMANCE; TURBULENCE; SURFACE; BLADES AB A flow modification technique is introduced in an attempt to allow increased turbine inlet temperatures. A large-scale two half-blade cascade simulator is used to model the secondary flow between two adjacent turbine blades. Various flow visualization techniques and measurements are used to verify, that the test section replicates the flow of an actual turbine engine. Two techniques are employed to modify the endwall secondary flow specifically the path of the passage vortex. Six endwall jets are installed at a location downstream of the saddle point near the leading edge of the pressure side blade. These wall jets are found to be ineffective in diverting the path of the passage vortex. The second technique utilizes a row of 12 endwall jets whose positions along the centerline of the passage are based on results from an optimized boundary layer fence. The row of jets successfully diverts the path of the passage vortex and decreases its effect on the suction side blade. This can be expected to increase the effectiveness of film cooling in that area. The row of jets increases the aerodynamic losses in the passage however. Secondary flow measurements are presented showing the development of the endwall flow, both with and without modification. [S0889-504X(00)01004-7]. C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Aunapu, NV (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Volino, Ralph/G-9293-2011 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1115/1.1311286 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NM UT WOS:000167106700008 ER PT J AU Weber, S Platzer, MF AF Weber, S Platzer, MF TI A Navier-Stokes analysis of the stall flutter characteristics of the bottom cascade SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; TRANSONIC FLOW; SCHEMES; PREDICTION AB Numerical stall flutter prediction methods are much needed, as modem jet engines require blade designs close to the stability boundaries of the performance map. A Quasi-3D Navier-Stokes code is used to analyze the flow over the oscillating cascade designed and manufactured by Pratt & Whitney, and studied at the NASA Glenn Research Center by Buffum et al. The numerical method solves for the governing equations with a fully implicit time-marching technique in a single passage by making use of a direct-store, periodic boundary condition. For turbulence modeling the Baldwin-Loman model is used. To account for transition, the criterion to predict the onset location suggested by Baldwin and Lomax is incorporated. Buffum et al. investigated two incidence cases for three different Mach numbers. The low-incidence case at a Mach number of 0.5 exhibited the formation of small separation bubbles at reduced oscillation frequencies of 0.8 and 1.2. For this case the present approach yielded good agreement with the steady and oscillatory measurements. At high incidence at the same Mach number of 0.5 the measured steady-state pressure distribution and the separation bubble on the upper surface was also found in good agreement with the experiment. But computations for oscillations at high incidence failed to predict the negative damping contribution caused by the leading edge separation. [S0889-504X(00)01304-0]. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1115/1.1312800 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NM UT WOS:000167106700022 ER PT J AU Vargas, H Pitman, KT Johnson, JT Galati, LT AF Vargas, H Pitman, KT Johnson, JT Galati, LT TI More aggressive behavior of squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue in young women SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Eastern Section of the American-Laryngological-Rhinological-and-Otological-Society CY JAN 29-31, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Laryngol Rhinol & Otol Soc Inc, Eastern Sect DE tongue cancer; young women; survival; recurrence ID CANCER STATISTICS; NECK-CANCER; HEAD; AGE; NONSMOKERS; EXPERIENCE; ENTITY AB Objective: To review the combined experience from two large medical centers in treating young female patients with anterior tongue cancer to determine the clinical course of this unique subset of patients. Study Design: Retrospective study. Methods: Seventeen female patients less than 40 years of age (group A) and 17 older patients, both male and female, greater than 40 years of age (group B) who had treatment for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue mere studied. The charts were reviewed for the clinical staging, treatment, and outcome of each patient. The disease-free survival and recurrence rates were compared between the two cohorts. Results: The mean disease stage between the groups was TT. The survival analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups in recurrences (group A = 65%, group B = 41%; P = .02), Further, of the patients who had recurrence, the young women did so significantly earlier in their disease course than the older patients (group A = 14 mo, group B = 40 mo; P < .05), Although the survival differences did not reach statistical significance (P =,15), the power of the study was low (power = 0.26) resulting in a high-level type II error. Conclusion: These data suggest that young women with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue have significantly higher rates of recurrent disease and the interval to recurrence is significantly shorter than in older patients. Further investigation is warranted until a statistically significant cohort is accrued; until that time, these patients warrant an aggressive initial treatment and close surveillance for recurrence. C1 Albany Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Albany, NY USA. Pittsburgh Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, RI USA. RP Galati, LT (reprint author), Albany Med Coll, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD OCT PY 2000 VL 110 IS 10 BP 1623 EP 1626 DI 10.1097/00005537-200010000-00009 PN 1 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 361EH UT WOS:000089709500008 PM 11037814 ER PT J AU Galasso, JL Siegel, FR Kravitz, JH AF Galasso, JL Siegel, FR Kravitz, JH TI Heavy metals in eight 1965 cores from the Novaya Zemlya Trough, Kara Sea, Russian Arctic SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; baseline values; contaminants; arsenic; mercury ID EASTERN BARENTS; WESTERN KARA; SEDIMENTS; MERCURY; CONTAMINATION; COASTAL; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; ELEMENTS; RIVER AB The concentration and distribution of 18 chemical elements were determined in 86 samples from eight sediment cores, 89-131 cm long, collected during 1965 along a 650 km traverse in the Novaya Zemlya Trough, Kara Sea, Russian Arctic. These include potentially toxic elements followed by the Arctic monitoring and assessment program (AMAP) (e,g,, As, Cr, Hg, Pb) and elements that may be related to the fine size minerals in these cores (e,g,, Al, K, Mg). Arsenic and Hg had high concentrations (to 212 ppm - baseline 20 ppm, and to 875 ppb - baseline 338 ppb, respectively) in upper sections of cores. This suggests possible anthropogenic input in the Kara Sea before 1965, In contrast, most of the metals analysed had baseline contents throughout the cores. High As values in the sediments probably reflect a combination of diagenetic mobilization from depth to surface/near-surface sediments and input from human activities such as dumped military materials in the trough, mining and smelting effluents and emissions, and the burning of fossil fuel (especially coal). High Hg contents cannot be the result of the diagenetic path followed by As and may reflect an anthropogenic addition of Hg to high natural baseline values from atmospheric deposition of industrial emissions as well as from decomposition of dumped wastes (e,g,, lewisite) and naval reactor coolant discharged into the sea. Arsenic and Hg discharged into the southern Kara Sea from Siberia and the Novaya Zemlya archipelago move with oceanic currents and ice-flees as suspensates or adhered particulates for deposition in the trough. Arsenic is likely mobilized in particulates as the arsenate species sorbed to ferric oxy/hydroxides whereas Hg can be mobilized in organisms as the biomethylated form or Hg species (e,g,, Hg2+ HgCl42-) sorbed onto organic and/or inorganic (clay mineral) particulates, High concentrations of Mn and Mo in upper core sediments result from post-depositional mobilization from reduced deeper sediments to oxic surface sediments. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP George Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM galassoj@yahoo.com; nzkara@research.circ.gwu.edu; kravitj@onr.navy.mil NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 10 BP 839 EP 852 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00080-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 370TA UT WOS:000165137300015 ER PT J AU Crane, K Galasso, J Brown, C Cherkashov, G Ivanov, G Vanstain, B AF Crane, K Galasso, J Brown, C Cherkashov, G Ivanov, G Vanstain, B TI Northern ocean inventories of radionuclide contamination: GIS efforts to determine the past and present state of the environment in and adjacent to the Arctic SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID SEDIMENTS; SEA; CHRONOLOGY; PB-210; STRAIT C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10021 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Naval Res Lab, Bay St Louis, NS 39529, Canada. VNIIOkeangeol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, 510 E 62Nd St, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Cherkashov, Georgy/N-6949-2013 OI Cherkashov, Georgy/0000-0002-9870-6428 NR 108 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 10 BP 853 EP 868 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00084-9 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 370TA UT WOS:000165137300016 ER PT J AU Blute, ML Amling, CL Bryant, SC Zincke, H AF Blute, ML Amling, CL Bryant, SC Zincke, H TI Management and extended outcome of patients with synchronous bilateral solid renal neoplasms in the absence of von Hippel-Lindau disease SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID CELL CARCINOMA; CONSERVATIVE SURGERY; CANCER; EXPERIENCE AB Objective: To gain information regarding long-term follow-up in patients with synchronous bilateral solid renal neoplasms in whom renal preserving surgery is imperative. Patients and Methods: We examined our surgical experience and the survival outcome, as evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis, of 94 patients (64 men and 30 women) who presented to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, from 1973 to 1998 with bilateral synchronous solid renal neoplasms in the absence of von Hippel-Lindau disease. Follow-up of these patients ranged from 1 to 25 years, with a mean of 5.86 years and a median of 4.18 years. Tumors were staged according to the TNM classification. Pathologic staging and grading were usually performed on the kidney with the most extensive cancer. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relationship of grade (1-4), tumor size, and enucleation as opposed to extended (1 cm) partial nephrectomy on overall, cancer-specific, local recurrence-free, and metastasis-free survival. Results: Seventy-one patients (76%) had bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma, and 14 patients (15%) had a unilateral renal cell carcinoma with a contralateral benign solid neoplasm. Nine patients (10%) had bilateral benign solid lesions. Sixty-six patients (70%) underwent a single procedure, whereas 28 (30%) underwent staged surgical procedures. Fifty-one patients (54%) are alive, and 43 (46%) have died. Twenty patients (21%) died of metastatic disease, and 5 (5%) had a local recurrence. Cancer-specific survival of the 85 patients with at least 1 renal cell carcinoma still under observation was 81% (+/-4.9% SE) and 59% (+/-8.1% SE) at 5 and 10 years, respectively, and survival to local recurrence was 96% (+/-2.6% SE) at 5 years and 93% (+/-3.7% SE) at 10 years with 14 patients still under observation. Grade 3 was a statistically significant factor for metastasis (P<.001). A significant difference in metastasis-free survival and cancer-specific survival was noted dependent on pathologic T stage (P<.001 and P=.02, respectively), with patients with local pT3 disease having a higher rate of metastasis and cancer-specific death. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor grade was associated with metastasis-free survival (P=.002) and tumor size with cancer-specific survival (P=.04). There was no statistical significance on survival outcome end points according to procedure performed, ie, enucleation vs extended partial nephrectomy. Conclusion: Long-term results of renal-preserving procedures for a series of patients with bilateral solid renal neoplasms indicate that grade, stage, and tumor size are significant predictors of outcome. Mean follow up of over 5 years supports nephron-sparing techniques in selected patients because local recurrence was infrequent compared with distant metastasis. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Urol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin, Biostat Sect, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Blute, ML (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Urol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1020 EP 1026 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 360EJ UT WOS:000089653200007 PM 11040850 ER PT J AU Ambach, R Weiss, W Sexton, JL Russo, A AF Ambach, R Weiss, W Sexton, JL Russo, A TI Back to work more quickly after an inguinal hernia repair SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual US Navy Medical Service Corps Poster Session CY NOV, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP USN Med Serv Corps ID TENSION-FREE HERNIOPLASTY; HERNIORRHAPHY; LICHTENSTEIN AB Tension-free hernia repair plus recovery expectancy statements return personnel to work more quickly. On the day of primary inguinal hernia repair, patients were given statements about their likelihood of returning from convalescent leave after 7 days and performing nonstrenuous work. Similar statements were given to them by telephone at 72 hours postoperatively and at a 1-week follow-up appointments. Seventy-four percent of the 73 patients returned to nonstrenuous work within 7 days, and 90% returned to strenuous work within 30 days. In this small sample, 385 work days were saved from the Navy's recommended 14 days of convalescent leave. By combining recovery expectancy statements with an effective surgical procedure, it is possible to avoid prolonged convalescence, thereby enhancing military readiness. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Med, Area Branch 31, Camp Pendleton, CA 92155 USA. RP Ambach, R (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Med, Area Branch 31, Camp Pendleton, CA 92155 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 165 IS 10 BP 747 EP 750 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 363MK UT WOS:000089839200013 PM 11050871 ER PT J AU Titley, DW Elsberry, RL AF Titley, DW Elsberry, RL TI Large intensity changes in tropical cyclones: A case study of supertyphoon Flo during TCM-90 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM FLUXES; HURRICANE INTENSITY; EXTERNAL INFLUENCES; OUTFLOW LAYER; EDDY FLUXES; INTENSIFICATION; VORTEX AB A unique dataset, recorded during the rapid intensification and rapid decay of Typhoon Flo, is analyzed to isolate associated environmental conditions and key physical processes. This case occurred during the Tropical Cyclone Motion (TCM-90) field experiment with enhanced observations, especially in the upper troposphere beyond about 300 km. These data have been analyzed with a four-dimensional data assimilation technique and a multiquadric interpolation technique. While both the ocean thermal structure and vertical wind shear are favorable, they do nor explain the rapid intensification or the rapid decay. A preconditioning phase is defined in which several interrelated factors combine to create favorable conditions: (i) a cyclonic wind burst occurs at 200 mb, (ii) vertical wind shear between 300 and 150 mb decreases 35%, (iii) the warm core is displaced upward, and (iv) 200-mb outflow becomes larger in the 400-1200-km radial band, while a layer of inflow develops below this outflow. These conditions appear to be forced by eddy flux convergence (EFC) of angular momentum, which appears to act in a catalyst function as proposed by Pfeffer and colleagues, because the EFC then decreases to small values during the rapid intensification stage. Similarly, the outer secondary circulation decreases during this stage, so that the rapid intensification appears to be an internal (within 300 km) adjustment process that is perhaps triggered during the preconditioning phase. Rapid decay occurred over open ocean when the environmental factors of ocean thermal structure, and vertical wind shear, positive 200-mb EFC, and vigorous outflow into the midlatitudes appear favorable. However, the EFC extending down to 500 mb and inducing a second shallower secondary circulation is hypothesized to account for the rapid decay by leading to a less efficient energy conversion. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Es,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 128 IS 10 BP 3556 EP 3573 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<3556:LICITC>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 367AY UT WOS:000090040300011 ER PT J AU Grabowski, KS Knies, DL DeTurck, TM Treacy, DJ Pohlman, JW Coffin, RB Hubler, GK AF Grabowski, KS Knies, DL DeTurck, TM Treacy, DJ Pohlman, JW Coffin, RB Hubler, GK TI A report on the Naval Research Laboratory AMS facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE accelerator mass spectrometry; radiocarbon ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETER AB A large portion of the novel trace element AMS (TEAMS) facility at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is now installed. Vacuum and beam optics hardware is in place, and testing has begun with a single-cathode ion source in place of our commercial secondary ion mass spectrometer source. This more intense source simplifies diagnostic testing and our initial research efforts. We have received a portion of our 12 position-sensitive-detector modules for the focal plane of the spectrograph, and their testing has begun. For our initial research, post-acceleration stripping was explored as a means to remove the interfering S-32 isobar in Si-32 measurements, and measurements were performed on a test bench to evaluate the feasibility of neutral beam injection for species like Ar which cannot form negative ions. Programmatically, NRL is actively involved in the study of gas hydrates present under the ocean floor, which includes plans to analyze cycling between various carbon pools present there. Since C-14 analysis is an important part of this work, a graphitization facility to process various sources of carbonaceous material has been constructed. In addition, the TEAMS design will be modified to include a multi-cathode ion source and a switching electrostatic analyzer (ESA) to choose between the two different ion sources. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Grabowski, KS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6370,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 2000 VL 172 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00366-9 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 372JR UT WOS:000165231000008 ER PT J AU DeTurck, TM Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Hubler, GK Treacy, DJ Mignerey, AC AF DeTurck, TM Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Hubler, GK Treacy, DJ Mignerey, AC TI Scattering effects and neutralization efficiency of argon for neutral injection accelerator mass spectrometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE accelerator mass spectrometry; neutral injection; charge transfer; charge neutralization ID CHARGE-EXCHANGE; CARBON FOILS; ATOMS; IONS AB Several elements of interest to the analytical and environmental communities do not form sufficient quantities of negative ions or negatively charged compounds to be useful for accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS) analysis. However, neutral injection would allow such elements to be measured by AMS, provided the elements of interest can be transported to the terminal of the tandem accelerator and stripped to positive ions with a high enough efficiency. There are four key factors which influence this transport and stripping efficiency when using neutral injection: the cross-section and accompanying scattering for neutralization, and the cross-section and scattering for ionization in the terminal. A method to examine the two neutralization factors for a favorable case was developed using an ion implantation accelerator. Singly charged positive ions were accelerated to energies of 50-200 keV and passed though a differentially pumped charge exchange cell, where a portion were neutralized. The fraction of the primary beam neutralized and the degree of scattering of the neutralized beam were measured with respect to incident ion velocity and target thickness. This paper examines the efficiency of neutralization and the accompanying scattering angles produced for one such electropositive element, argon. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeTurck, TM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 2000 VL 172 BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00144-0 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 372JR UT WOS:000165231000050 ER PT J AU Treacy, DJ Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Hubler, GK DeTurck, TM Mignerey, AC AF Treacy, DJ Knies, DL Grabowski, KS Hubler, GK DeTurck, TM Mignerey, AC TI Determination of Si-32 by AMS at the US Naval Research Laboratory SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE accelerator mass spectrometry; isobar suppression; silicon-32 ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HALF-LIFE AB Measurement of Si-32 by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at relatively low energy was undertaken at the Naval Research Laboratory. Measurement of this naturally occurring radioisotope is difficult due to the low level of production of the radioisotope and the ubiquitous nature of the stable isobaric interference, S-32. The isobar suppression was enacted using a new chemical separation and the differential energy loss profile of the Si-32 and S-32 ions after their transmission through a thin carbon foil. Determination of the energy loss and energy straggle profiles of the transmitted ion beam were made and compared to the predictions made using TRIM code. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Treacy, DJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 2000 VL 172 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00378-5 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 372JR UT WOS:000165231000055 ER PT J AU Pohlman, JW Knies, DL Grabowski, KS DeTurck, TM Treacy, DJ Coffin, RB AF Pohlman, JW Knies, DL Grabowski, KS DeTurck, TM Treacy, DJ Coffin, RB TI Sample distillation/graphitization system for carbon pool analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE graphitization; radiocarbon; C-14; cryogenic distillation; methane hydrates ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; DEEP-WATER; RADIOCARBON; WOCE; C-14 AB A facility at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington, DC, has been developed to extract, trap, cryogenically distill and graphitize carbon from a suite of organic and inorganic carbon pools for analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), The system was developed to investigate carbon pools associated with the formation and stability of methane hydrates. However, since the carbon compounds found in hydrate fields are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, this apparatus is applicable to a number of oceanographic and environmental sample types. Targeted pools are dissolved methane, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), solid organic matrices (e.g., seston, tissue and sediments), biomarkers and short chained (C-1-C-5) hydrocarbons from methane hydrates, In most instances, the extraction, distillation and graphitization events are continuous within the system, thus, minimizing the possibility of fractionation or contamination during sample processing. A variety of methods are employed to extract carbon compounds and convert them to CO2 for graphitization. Dissolved methane and DIC from the same sample are sparged and cryogenically separated before the methane is oxidized in a high temperature oxygen stream. DOC is oxidized to CO2 by 1200 W ultraviolet photo-oxidation lamp, and solids oxidized iu sealed, evacuated tubes. Hydrocarbons liberated from the disassociation of gas hydrates are cryogenically separated with a cryogenic temperature control unit, and biomarkers separated and concentrated by preparative capillary gas chromatography (PCGC). With this system, up to 20 samples, standards or blanks can be processed per day. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pohlman, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Code 6100,4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 207,Rm 360, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 2000 VL 172 BP 428 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00153-1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 372JR UT WOS:000165231000074 ER PT J AU Zinder, DJ AF Zinder, DJ TI Common myths about electrosurgery SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCAUTERY; SCALPEL AB The electrosurgery device market is lucrative and highly competitive. Several device manufacturers exist, and many creative techniques are used to differentiate products. Some device manufacturers make claims in marketing campaigns that are difficult to reconcile with the laws of physics or basic physiology. The variety of claims may be confusing to surgeons desiring to purchase new electrosurgical products. Understanding a few basic principles of electrosurgery physics can allow a surgeon to be a more informed consumer of electrosurgical products. This article discusses the basic physics of electrosurgery and then addresses several common misconceptions about electrosurgery and electrosurgical devices. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Zinder, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 2 Univ Circle,SGC 2791, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 123 IS 4 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1067/mhn.2000.109758 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 363JT UT WOS:000089833100018 PM 11020184 ER PT J AU Carucci, DJ AF Carucci, DJ TI Malaria research in the post-genomic Era SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MICROARRAY; HYBRIDIZATION; SEQUENCE; ARRAYS AB Within the next few years, the complete genomic sequences of Plasmodium falciparum, and potentially several other Plasmodium spp, will be available to researchers world-wide. These complete genomic sequence data are certain to provide the foundation for nearly all malaria research in the next decades, as discussed here by Dan Carucci. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Carucci, DJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD OCT PY 2000 VL 16 IS 10 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(00)01750-6 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 359YL UT WOS:000089639600008 PM 11006475 ER PT J AU Fahlman, A Kaveeshwar, JA Tikuisis, P Kayar, SR AF Fahlman, A Kaveeshwar, JA Tikuisis, P Kayar, SR TI Calorimetry and respirometry in guinea pigs in hydrox and heliox at 10-60 atm SO PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen diving; hyperbaria; thermoregulation; hydrogen narcosis; HPNS ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; HYPERBARIC HELIUM; VENTILATION; METABOLISM; PULSE AB We used direct calorimetry and respirometry to measure the total rate of heat loss (Q(Sigma)) and of oxygen consumption (VO2) in guinea pigs in 1-atm (0.1 MPa) air and at 10-60 atm in either heliox (98% H-2, 2% O-2) or hydrox (98% H-2, 2% O-2). Our objective was to determine if the physiological responses to these two gas mixtures were different and, if so, whether the differences were attributable to the thermal characteristics of the gases alone or were confounded by additional mechanisms. At 10-40 atm, Q(Sigma) and VO2 were not significantly different in the two gas mixtures, whereas at 60 atm, Q(Sigma) and VO2 were significantly higher in heliox than in hydrox. The VO2/Q(Sigma) ratio suggested that the animals were not in thermal equilibrium in hyperbaria. Based solely on the differing thermal properties of the gas mixtures, a mathematical model predicted a Q(Sigma) that was higher in hydrox than in heliox at all pressures. Two plausible explanations are suggested: one is an adaptive lowering of the surface temperature as a physiological response of the animal to the thermally more stressful hydrox environment, and the other is related to the narcotic suppression of the animal's activity by hydrox. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Kayar, SR (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Environm Physiol Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0031-6768 J9 PFLUG ARCH EUR J PHY JI Pflugers Arch. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 440 IS 6 BP 843 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s004240000385 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 357EV UT WOS:000089486300006 PM 11041549 ER PT J AU Ganguli, G Merlino, R Davidson, RC AF Ganguli, G Merlino, R Davidson, RC TI Special topic: Dusty plasmas tutorial papers from the 41st Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics - Foreword SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ganguli, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2000 VL 7 IS 10 BP 3846 EP 3846 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 353QX UT WOS:000089287900003 ER PT J AU Lampe, M Joyce, G Ganguli, G Gavrishchaka, V AF Lampe, M Joyce, G Ganguli, G Gavrishchaka, V TI Interactions between dust grains in a dusty plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 15-19, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID CRYSTAL-FORMATION; COULOMB-CRYSTAL; ATTRACTIVE FORCES; YUKAWA SYSTEMS; FINITE FLOWS; PARTICLES; SIMULATION; CHARGE AB Dust grains in plasma acquire a large negative charge, and can constitute a strongly coupled system. If the plasma is stationary, the plasma-mediated electrostatic potential around a single grain can be calculated by orbital-motion-limited (OML) theory, including ion absorption at the grain surface. This potential is repulsive at all ranges, and falls off as r(-2) at long range. Nonlinear modifications occur when there are several grains, but the interaction is still repulsive. If the plasma is streaming by the grains, each grain generates a wake field potential which can be calculated via linear response theory, and which attracts other grains to stationary points behind the grain. There is in addition an attractive force between grains, due to ion-impact momentum deposition. In certain parameter regimes, this "shadowing" force can yield a weak net attraction at long range. Trapped-ion effects are significant at high plasma density, but have not yet been calculated. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)01310-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Lampe, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lampe@ppd.nrl.navy.mil NR 54 TC 230 Z9 233 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2000 VL 7 IS 10 BP 3851 EP 3861 AR PII [S1070-664X(00)01310-0] DI 10.1063/1.1288910 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 353QX UT WOS:000089287900005 ER PT J AU Sze, H Coleman, PL Failor, BH Fisher, A Levine, JS Song, Y Waisman, EM Apruzese, JP Chong, YK Davis, J Cochran, FL Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Schneider, R AF Sze, H Coleman, PL Failor, BH Fisher, A Levine, JS Song, Y Waisman, EM Apruzese, JP Chong, YK Davis, J Cochran, FL Thornhill, JW Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Deeney, C Coverdale, CA Schneider, R TI Initial results for an argon Z pinch using a double-shell gas puff SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SUPPRESSION; PLASMAS AB Recent observations are given for an argon double-shell gas puff imploded with up to 4 MA in 200 ns on the Double Eagle generator [G. B. Frazier , Digest of Technical Papers, Fourth IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1983), p. 583]. Good K-shell x-ray output with good pinch quality was observed. A novel experimental procedure was used to selectively seed the inner or outer gas plenums with a chlorine tracer. The tracer data provide the first direct experimental evidence that the mass initially closest to the axis is the dominant contributor to the hot core of the radiating pinch. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)00710-2]. C1 Maxwell Phys Int, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Sze, H (reprint author), Maxwell Phys Int, 2700 Merced St, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 13 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2000 VL 7 IS 10 BP 4223 EP 4226 DI 10.1063/1.1288491 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 353QX UT WOS:000089287900046 ER PT J AU Karasik, M Zweben, SJ AF Karasik, M Zweben, SJ TI Experiments and modeling of an instability of an atmospheric pressure arc SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HELICAL INSTABILITIES; STABILITY; FURNACE; CATHODE; JETS AB An instability of a free-burning atmospheric pressure approximate to 200 A carbon arc is investigated experimentally and modeled analytically. The presence of the instability is found to depend critically on cathode dimensions. In particular, for cylindrical cathodes, the instability occurs only for a narrow range of cathode diameters. Cathode spot motion is proposed as the mechanism of the instability. A simple fluid model combining the effect of the cathode spot motion and the inertia of the cathode jet successfully describes the shape of the arc column during low amplitude instability. The amplitude of cathode spot motion required by the model is in agreement with measurements. The average jet velocity required is approximately equal to that found from applied oscillating transverse magnetic field experiments. The primary reasons for cathode spot motion are most likely cathode vaporization and interaction of arc current with the current distribution in the cathode. Cathode surface temperature distribution is likely to be the reason for cathode geometry dependence. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)00310-4]. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Karasik, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6731,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2000 VL 7 IS 10 BP 4326 EP 4340 AR PII [S1070-664X(00)00310-4] DI 10.1063/1.1288401 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 353QX UT WOS:000089287900058 ER PT J AU Jensen, K AF Jensen, K TI New route to electron emission SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jensen, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 10 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 361XN UT WOS:000089749700033 ER PT J AU Moore, EM Magrino, TJ Johnstone, PAS AF Moore, EM Magrino, TJ Johnstone, PAS TI Rectal bleeding after radiation therapy for prostate cancer: Endoscopic evaluation SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate neoplasms, therapeutic radiology; radiations, injurious effects, complications of therapeutic radiology; rectum, abnormalities ID RADIOTHERAPY; IRRADIATION; PROCTITIS AB PURPOSE: To analyze the frequency and clinical importance of proctitis and hematochezia after radiation therapy for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 63 patients with prostate cancer treated with curative intent by a single radiation oncologist between July 1, 1993, and December 31, 1997, 30 were asymptomatic, but 33 had heme-positive digital rectal examination (DRE) results or hematochezia at routine follow-up. Twenty-six of these patients underwent endoscopy of the sigmoid colon or colon for evaluation of these symptoms. Median doses of 60.0 Gy at postoperative radiation therapy and 68.4 Cy at definitive radiation therapy were delivered to four fields daily by using blocking customized on the basis of computed tomographically documented evidence of disease. The Fisher exact test and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: The frequency of rectal bleeding approached 80% at 3 years after radiation therapy in definitively treated patients. Only 14 patients had proctitis: eight as the only sign, and six in association with other disease. Six patients had other disease without proctitis, and four patients had normal examination findings. The frequency of rectal bleeding in the presence of proctitis was similar to that in the presence of other disease (Fisher exact test, P = .68). CONCLUSION: Hematochezia or positive DRE findings are frequent sequelae of definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer; however, causes other than proctitis are often documented at endoscopy. Symptomatic individuals warrant rigorous evaluation to rule out serious coexistent disease. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Suite 5,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 217 IS 1 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 356PW UT WOS:000089452500033 PM 11012447 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, RS Gerth, WA Powell, MR AF Srinivasan, RS Gerth, WA Powell, MR TI A mathematical model of diffusion-limited gas bubble dynamics in tissue with varying diffusion region thickness SO RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diffusion, gas bubble; disease, decompression sickness; gas, diffusion, bubble; model, gas bubble AB The three-region model of gas bubble dynamics consists of a bubble and a well-stirred tissue region with an intervening unperfused diffusion region previously assumed to have constant thickness and uniform gas diffusivity. As a result, the diffusion region gas content remains unchanged as its volume increases with bubble growth, causing dissolved gas in the region to violate Henry's law. Earlier work also neglected the relationship between the varying diffusion region volume and the fixed total tissue volume. The present work corrects these theoretical inconsistencies by postulating a difference in gas diffusivity between an infinitesimally thin layer at the bubble surface and the remainder of the diffusion region, thus allowing both thickness and gas content of the diffusion region to vary during bubble evolution. The corrected model can yield bubble lifetimes considerably longer than those yielded by earlier three-region models, and meets a need for theoretically consistent but relatively simple bubble dynamics models for use in studies of decompression sickness (DCS) in human subjects. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wyle Labs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USN, Expt Diving Unit, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Environm Physiol Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Srinivasan, RS (reprint author), Wyle Labs, 1290 Hercules Dr,Suite 120, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-5687 J9 RESP PHYSIOL JI Respir. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00173-0 PG 12 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 357DA UT WOS:000089482200014 PM 10996196 ER PT J AU Pangilinan, GI Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP AF Pangilinan, GI Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP TI All-optical technique for measuring thermal properties of materials at static high pressure SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; LINE; CONDUCTIVITY; SOLIDS AB The development and implementation of an all-optical technique for measuring thermal transport properties of materials at high pressure in a gem anvil cell are reported. Thermal transport properties are determined by propagating a thermal wave in a material subjected to high pressures, and measuring the temperature as a function of time using an optical sensor embedded downstream in the material. Optical beams are used to deposit energy and to measure the sensor temperature and replace the resistive heat source and the thermocouples of previous methods. This overcomes the problems introduced with pressure-induced resistance changes and the spatial limitations inherent in previous high-pressure experimentation. Consistent with the heat conduction equation, the material's specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity (kappa) determine the sensor's temperature rise and its temporal profile. The all-optical technique described focuses on room-temperature thermal properties but can easily be applied to a wide temperature range (77-600 K). Measurements of thermal transport properties at pressure up to 2.0 GPa are reported, although extension to much higher pressures are feasible. The thermal properties of NaCl, a commonly used material for high-pressure experiments are measured and shown to be consistent with those obtained using the traditional methods. [S0034-6748(00)01008-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, High Energy Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Pangilinan, GI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, High Energy Mat Sect, Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 71 IS 10 BP 3846 EP 3852 AR PII [S0034-6748(00)01008-X] DI 10.1063/1.1286309 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 358JG UT WOS:000089554500040 ER PT J AU Song, GB Kelly, B Agrawal, BN AF Song, GB Kelly, B Agrawal, BN TI Active position control of a shape memory alloy wire actuated composite beam SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the design and the experimental result of the active position control of a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuated composite beam. The composite beam has a honeycomb structure with SMA wires embedded in one of its face sheets for the active actuation. The potential applications of this experiment include thermo-distortion compensation for precision space structure, stem shape control for submarines, and flap shape control for aeronautical applications. SMA wires are chosen as the actuating elements due to their high recovery stress (>500 MPa) and tolerance to high strain (up to 6%). However, SMA wires are inherently nonlinear and pose a challenge for control design. A robust controller is designed and implemented to actively control the tip position of the composite beam. The experiment set-up consists of the composite beam with embedded SMA wires, a programmable current/voltage amplifier to actuate the SMA wires, an infrared laser range sensor to detect the beam tip displacement, and a real-time data acquisition and control system. The experimental result demonstrates the effectiveness of the robust control. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 9 IS 5 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/9/5/316 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 370DN UT WOS:000165108100017 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI War, technology, and experience aboard the USS "Monitor". SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 BP 838 EP 841 PG 4 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 372PL UT WOS:000165242300041 ER PT J AU McBride, WM AF McBride, WM TI "Monitor": The story of the legendary Civil War ironclad and the man whose invention changed the course of history. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McBride, WM (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 BP 838 EP 841 PG 4 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 372PL UT WOS:000165242300040 ER PT J AU Meilinger, PS AF Meilinger, PS TI Innovation and the development of flight. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Meilinger, PS (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 BP 843 EP 845 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 372PL UT WOS:000165242300044 ER PT J AU Araneta, MRG Destiche, DA Schlangen, KM Merz, RD Forrester, MB Gray, GC AF Araneta, MRG Destiche, DA Schlangen, KM Merz, RD Forrester, MB Gray, GC TI Birth defects prevalence among infants of Persian Gulf War veterans born in Hawaii, 1989-1993 SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; MATERNAL AGE; PATERNAL AGE; MALFORMATIONS; POPULATION; CHILDREN; BABIES AB Background: Gulf War veterans (GWVs) have expressed concern about possible teratogenic exposures. However, epidemiologic studies on birth defects prevalence among their progeny have been limited to military hospitals, anomalies diagnosed among newborns, or self-reported data. To measure the prevalence of selected birth defects among infants of GWVs and nondeployed veterans (NDVs) in Hawaii, using birth defects surveillance records. Methods: Personal identifiers of 684,645 GWVs and 1,587,102 NDVs and their families were matched against birth certificate records of 99,545 live births reported to the State of Hawaii Department of Health between 1989 and 1993 to identify births to military personnel. These births were matched with records from the Hawaii Birth Defects Program. Results: A total of 17,182 military infants (3,717 GWV infants and 13,465 NDV infants) were identified. Of these, 367 infants (2.14/100 live births) were identified with one or more of 48 major birth defects diagnoses. The prevalence of the 48 birth defects were similar for GWV and NDV infants during the prewar and postwar periods, and among GWV infants who were conceived before and after the Gulf war. Conclusions: The results must be interpreted with caution because of the small number of affected infants in each birth defects category. This study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring birth defects prevalence among military infants through multiple data linkage. Further, it included live births to parents who had separated from the military, births in civilian hospitals, and birth defects diagnosed through the first year of life. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Hawaii Birth Defects Program, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Araneta, MRG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1002/1096-9926(200010)62:4<195::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 362MV UT WOS:000089782500005 PM 10992261 ER PT J AU Moon, DW Fonda, RW Spanos, G AF Moon, DW Fonda, RW Spanos, G TI Microhardness variations in HSLA-100 welds fabricated with new ultra-low-carbon weld consumables SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HSLA-100; microhardness ultra-low carbon; high-strength steel; naval ships; filler metal; hydrogen cracking ID HEAT-AFFECTED ZONES AB Microstructural evolution resulting from gas metal are welding of HSLA-100 steel plate with an experimental ultra-low-carbon weld consumable, designated CTC-03, was investigated by transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy and microhardness analyses. A color microhardness map was generated from more than 1600 diamond indentation measurements taken across the transverse cross section of the weldment, to make a direct correlation between the microhardness variations and the corresponding microstructures. Eight characteristic areas of the CTC-03/HSLA-100 weld were selected to study the corresponding microstructure by TEM and optical microscopy, and the microstructures were then correlated with the microhardness map. The microstructure throughout the fusion zone (FZ consists of a majority of lath ferrite with varying amounts (depending on the location) of untempered fine-lath martensite, some interlath retained austenite, and spherical oxide inclusions. The softest regions of the fusion zone are in curved white bands located at the lower portions of the heat-affected zones of the weld beads. The microstructure within these white bands is predominantly lath ferrite. The hardest regions in the fusion zone are located between the bead boundaries and these white bands, and contain significant amounts of fine untempered lath martensite. The base plate heat-affected zone (HAZ) consists of a mixture of unrempered lath martensite and coarse autotempered plate martensite. The as received HSLA-100 base metal exhibits a quench-and-tempered microstructure with a majority of fine-lath martensite and significant amounts of coarse martensite. Despite its low heat input, the CTC-03 weldment exhibits hardness values comparable with those of the HSLA-100 base metal and similar to some weldments made With other filler metals. The microhardness map of this weld was compared to four other microhardness maps developed for welds made with other candidate ULC filler metals and/or different heat inputs. In all five weldments studied, the midsection of the HAZ of the base metal (i.e., the region located about midway between the weld interface and the outer boundary of the HAZ) is the hardest region of the weld, regardless of base metal, filler metal type or heat input. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moon, DW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 79 IS 10 BP 278S EP 285S PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 361UF UT WOS:000089742000020 ER PT J AU Cypher, BL Warrick, GD Otten, MRM O'Farrell, TP Berry, WH Harris, CE Kato, TT McCue, PM Scrivner, JH Zoellick, BW AF Cypher, BL Warrick, GD Otten, MRM O'Farrell, TP Berry, WH Harris, CE Kato, TT McCue, PM Scrivner, JH Zoellick, BW TI Population dynamics of San Joaquin kit foxes at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE California; demography; endangered species; environmental variation; food habits; Naval Petroleum Reserves in California; oilfield effects; population dynamics; population monitoring; San Joaquin kit fox; San Joaquin Valley; Vulpes macrotis mutica ID VULPES-MACROTIS-MUTICA; ALOPEX-LAGOPUS; DESERT RODENT; RED FOXES; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; ARCTIC FOXES; GRAY FOXES; COYOTES; FOOD; TELEMETRY AB We investigated the population dynamics of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) and factors that influence kit fox demographics at the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California (NPRC) during 1980-95. Kit fox abundance varied widely during this period and population estimates on a 216-km(2) study area ranged from 46 (0.21/km(2)) in 1991 to 363 (1.68/km(2)) in 1994. The finite rate of increase (lambda) ranged from 0.37 in 1995 to 2.22 in 1993. Of 341 adult and 184 juvenile foxes radiocollared, we recovered 225 and 142 dead, respectively. Mean annual survival rate for adults was 0.44 (range = 0.20-0.81) and the mean rate for juveniles from 1 May to 15 February (age 1) was 0.14 (range = <0.01-0.31). Coyotes (Canis latrans) and other predators were the primary source of mortality for adult and juvenile foxes, and vehicles were a secondary source. Mean annual reproductive success (proportion of females observed with pups in Apr-May) was 61% (range = 20-100%) for adults and 18% (range = 0-100%) for juveniles. Mean annual litter size was 3.8 and varied from 2.0 to 4.8. Population growth rates varied positively with reproductive success (P = 0.041), and both juvenile reproductive success and the proportion of new individuals were higher (P = 0.001 and P = 0.100) when the fox population was increasing. Leporids and kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) were important foods for kit foxes, and annual use of foods by kit foxes varied markedly during the study Kit fox density was positively related to both current and previous year's composite prey indices (P = 0.001 and P = 0.067). Finite growth rates were positively related to rodent indices (P = 0.085) and current year's composite prey indices (P = 0.084). Rodent abundance and composite prey indices were strongly related to previous year's effective (Oct-Mar) precipitation (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003), as were kit fox density (P = 0.021) and estimates (P = 0.002). A step-wise multiple regression model that included precipitation totals from the previous 3 years as independent variables explained 79% (P < 0.001) of the annual variation in fox abundance. Survival of adult kit foxes was negatively related to abundance of both coyotes (P = 0.046) and leporids (the primary prey of coyotes; P = 0.031). However, fox and coyote abundance generally tracked each other and neither kit fox abundance nor survival increased during a coyote control program conducted during 1985-90. We did not find strong evidence that oilfield activities were impacting kit foxes at NPRC. Fox abundance was significantly lower in oil-developed areas than in undeveloped areas during 6 of 13 years (P < 0.006). However, population trends of foxes appeared to be affected more by natural factors (e.g., food availability, competitor abundance) than oilfield activities. Kit fox population trends on NPRC appeared to be driven by precipitation-mediated prey abundance. Variation in prey availability, particularly kangaroo rats, produced significant and sometimes rapid changes in kit fox demographics and abundance. Kit fox abundance in the southern San Joaquin Valley is highly dynamic, warranting (1) conservation of sufficient habitat to maintain viable populations of foxes through population lows, and (2) research on management strategies to optimize habitat quality, particularly prey abundance. C1 USN, Petr Reserves Calif Endangered Species & Cultural, Tupman, CA 93276 USA. EG&G Energy Measurements Inc, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EG&G Energy Measurements Inc, Tupman, CA 93276 USA. RP Cypher, BL (reprint author), Endangered Species Recovery Program, POB 9622, Bakersfield, CA 93389 USA. NR 134 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD OCT PY 2000 IS 145 BP 1 EP 43 PG 43 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 413FW UT WOS:000167600100001 ER PT J AU Posey, R Johnson, GA Vohra, ST AF Posey, R Johnson, GA Vohra, ST TI Strain sensing based on coherent Rayleigh scattering in an optical fibre SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER; BACKSCATTERING AB A fibre optic strain sensor based on Rayleigh backscatter using a time division multiplexing scheme with an optical pulse is presented. The sensor has a gauge length of < 0.5 m and a strain sensitivity of < 1 n epsilon/root Hz at 2kHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ElectroOpt Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Posey, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 20 BP 1688 EP 1689 DI 10.1049/el:20001200 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 364EB UT WOS:000089878100010 ER PT J AU Kant, RA Daly, CL Wu, HD AF Kant, RA Daly, CL Wu, HD TI A chemical sensor based on internal friction SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids (ICIFUAS-12) CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Ctr Ind Res, Comis Nacl Actividades Espaciales, Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Consejo Nacl Invest Cientif & Tecn, Electrargen SRL, Fabr Aleaciones Especiales SA, Fdn Jose A Balseiro, Fdn Desarrikki Technol, Fdn YPF, Leybold Vacuum, Monditec, UNESCO, Vibran Technologies Inc DE internal friction; chemical sensor; airborne chemicals AB This study demonstrates the detection of and differentiation between airborne chemicals using high resolution internal friction and frequency measurements. In essence, we determine the loss (1/Q) per unit mass of analyte absorbed by a chemoselective polymer deposited on a resonator. We report the selectivity and sensitivity of this sensing technique for AT-cut quartz resonators coated with two different chemoselective polymers exposed to each of six different analytes. We also used spectra subtraction to extract the mechanical response changes of the thin film polymer coating from that of the coated resonators both with and without an analyte present. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD USA. RP Kant, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD SEP 28 PY 2000 VL 310 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(00)01009-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 357CK UT WOS:000089480800053 ER PT J AU McClean, RE AF McClean, RE TI Depletion kinetics of chromium atoms by sulfur dioxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; GAS-PHASE; OXIDATION REACTIONS; O-2; N2O; SO2; NO; ASSOCIATION; CO2; N-2 AB The gas-phase depletion kinetics of Cr(a(7)S(3), a(5)S(2), a(5)D(J)) in the presence of SO2 are reported. Chromium atoms were produced by the 248 nm photodissociation of chromium carbonyl and were detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The ground state of Cr, a(7)S(3), was found to react rapidly via a termolecular mechanism with SO2. At 297 K, the limiting low-pressure third-order rate constant is k(o) = (2.68 +/- 0.41) x 10(-28) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1), and the limiting high-pressure second-order rate constant is k(infinity) = (2.73 +/- 0.38) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); the uncertainties represent +/-1 sigma in precision. k(0) was found to decrease with increasing temperature. The binding energy of CrSO2 is estimated at 53 kcal mol(-1) from combining the kinetic results with unimolecular rate theory and density functional theory. Cr(a(5)S(2)) depleted with a rate constant of k = 6.32 x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), and the a(5)D(J) spin/orbit states depleted at the collision rate of 2.97 x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); overall uncertainties are estimated at less than or equal to 35%. Both chemical and physical quenching are likely for the excited states. The present work completes a study on the depletion kinetics of group 6 transition metal atoms by SO2. Results are interpreted in terms of long-range attractive forces between Cr and SO2 and the orbital occupancies of the Cr atomic states. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McClean, RE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 28 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 38 BP 8723 EP 8729 DI 10.1021/jp001101m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 358ME UT WOS:000089561200016 ER PT J AU Nordgren, T AF Nordgren, T TI Optical astronomy - The resolution revolution SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Nordgren, T (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 28 PY 2000 VL 407 IS 6803 BP 462 EP 463 DI 10.1038/35035186 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 361MT UT WOS:000089727400029 PM 11028984 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Fernsler, R AF Keskinen, MJ Fernsler, R TI Photonic band gaps in dusty plasma crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAYS AB A two-dimensional model for electromagnetic wave propagation in a dusty plasma crystal is solved using plane wave expansion techniques. We show that photonic band gaps, where propagation is forbidden, can occur for a range of Debye length scale sizes with respect to the dust particle size. We find that band gap features are dependent on the plasma sheath characteristics of the dusty plasma crystal. In addition we compute the damping due to the conductivity of the dusty plasma crystal. C1 USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 13 BP 1925 EP 1927 DI 10.1063/1.1312200 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 354RW UT WOS:000089344300002 ER PT J AU Grun, J Fischer, RP Peckerar, M Felix, CL Covington, BC DeSisto, WJ Donnelly, DW Ting, A Manka, CK AF Grun, J Fischer, RP Peckerar, M Felix, CL Covington, BC DeSisto, WJ Donnelly, DW Ting, A Manka, CK TI Athermal annealing of phosphorus-ion-implanted silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A 1 cm(2) area in phosphorus-implanted silicon samples is annealed by irradiation of a much smaller 0.002 cm(2) area with a single laser pulse. Resistivity of the annealed region is uniform and similar to that measured after thermal annealing. Electrically activated donors did not diffuse into the sample and only slightly towards the sample surface. The process is 100% reproducible. We present evidence that the annealing is not caused by heat. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Unified Ind Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. SW Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. Res Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Grun, J (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 13 BP 1997 EP 1999 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)02439-6] DI 10.1063/1.1312259 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 354RW UT WOS:000089344300026 ER PT J AU Hill, IG Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH AF Hill, IG Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH TI Determination of the energy levels of a phosphorescent guest in organic light emitting devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; ALIGNMENT; PHOTOEMISSION; INTERFACES; OFFSET AB We have used photoelectron spectroscopy to study the relative binding energies of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the phosphorescent guest, 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum (PtOEP), and the organic electron transport host, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) (Alq(3)) in PtOEP:Alq(3) composite films. The PtOEP HOMO position was found to be 0.50 +/- 0.13 eV above that of the Alq(3) host, independent of the guest molecule concentration (0.8%-22% by mass). These results are consistent with the assumption that the vacuum levels of the guest and host align. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00739-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hill, IG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5615, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 13 BP 2003 EP 2005 DI 10.1063/1.1311952 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 354RW UT WOS:000089344300028 ER PT J AU Lucka, D AF Lucka, D TI Certification consensus SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Air Forces, US Pacific Fleet, Poway, CA 92064 USA. RP Lucka, D (reprint author), USN, Air Forces, US Pacific Fleet, Poway, CA 92064 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD SEP 25 PY 2000 VL 153 IS 13 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 358BG UT WOS:000089536900003 ER PT J AU Hoepping, A George, C Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP AF Hoepping, A George, C Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP TI Radical cyclization strategies for the formation of ring constrained tricyclic tropane analogues SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOPROPANES; COCAINE AB A concise and efficient method for the construction of N,C3-constrained tropane derivatives has been developed. The key step of the reaction sequence involves either a 6- or a 7-trig radical cyclization. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 39 BP 7427 EP 7432 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)01288-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 359AH UT WOS:000089589000005 ER PT J AU Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, S Brickhouse, N Murray, S Barbera, M Takacs, E Gillaspy, JD Porto, JV Kink, I Laming, JM Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE AF Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, S Brickhouse, N Murray, S Barbera, M Takacs, E Gillaspy, JD Porto, JV Kink, I Laming, JM Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE TI Laboratory astrophysics survey of key X-ray diagnostic lines using a microcalorimeter on an electron beam ion trap SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line : identification; methods : laboratory; plasmas; X-rays : general ID POLARIZATION; EMISSION AB Cosmic plasma conditions created in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) make it possible to simulate the dependencies of key diagnostic X-ray lines on density, temperature, and excitation conditions that exist in astrophysical sources. We used a microcalorimeter for such laboratory astrophysics studies because it has a resolving power approximate to 1000, quantum efficiency approaching 100%, and a bandwidth that spans the X-ray energies from 0.2 keV to 10 keV. Our microcalorimeter, coupled with an X-ray optic to increase the effective solid angle, provides a significant new capability for laboratory astrophysics measurements. Broadband spectra obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology EBIT with an energy resolution approaching that of a Bragg crystal spectrometer are presented for nitrogen, oxygen, neon, argon, and krypton in various stages of ionization. We have compared the measured line intensities to theoretical predictions for an EBIT plasma. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron GS Vaiana, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Silver, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420 NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2000 VL 541 IS 1 BP 495 EP 500 DI 10.1086/309420 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360YE UT WOS:000089694300049 ER PT J AU Hill, IG Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH AF Hill, IG Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH TI Distinguishing between interface dipoles and band bending at metal/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; UV PHOTOEMISSION AB Using a combination of photoelectron spectroscopies and ellipsometry to study the thin-film growth of Alq(3) (tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum) on Ag, we have been able to distinguish between molecular orbital energy shifts due to "band bending" and interface dipole formation. We have observed large binding energy shifts (approximate to 0.5 eV) of the organic molecular levels at low coverages. We conclude that these shifts are consistent with the formation of a polarized molecular layer, or interface dipole, and are inconsistent with an electrostatic band-bending model. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01538-2]. C1 USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hill, IG (reprint author), USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Code 5615, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 18 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1825 EP 1827 DI 10.1063/1.1310637 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 352VR UT WOS:000089239000029 ER PT J AU Chiu, YN Xiao, JM Merritt, CD Liu, K Huang, WX Ganelin, PV Li, NN AF Chiu, YN Xiao, JM Merritt, CD Liu, K Huang, WX Ganelin, PV Li, NN TI Special geminals and Schlegel diagrams of molecular structures of fullerenes and metallofullerenes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE geminals of Schlegel; molecular structures; fullerenes and metals ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; STABILITY; C-60 AB Geminals in fullerenes and metallofullerenes have been discussed. Schlegel diagrams have been used to demonstrate the location of geminals in the molecules. The following molecular systems have been studied: C42H28 --> C-42 (C-2v, D-2h), C30H18 --> C-30 (C-2v, D-5h), C4H4 (D-4h), C4H6, C-28 (T-d), Ti@C-28 (T-d), Sc-3@C-82 (C-3v). and SC@C-20 (D-S) with free pi radicals from [GRAPHICS] electrons of 3 + 3, 4 and 5 + 5 carbons with Lambda = 0, +/-1, Lambda = 0, +/-1, 2, Lambda = 0, +/-1, +/-2 and Lambda = 0, +/-1, +/-2, 3 out of the geminals of 4 double right arrow 1,2,3,4 double right arrow 12,23,24,13,14,34. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Ctr Mol Dynam & Energy Transfer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Opt Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NL Chem Technol Inc, Mt Prospect, IL 60056 USA. RP Chiu, YN (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Ctr Mol Dynam & Energy Transfer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD SEP 18 PY 2000 VL 530 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(00)00326-2 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 355LD UT WOS:000089386400008 ER PT J AU Blum, J Wurm, G Kempf, S Poppe, T Klahr, H Kozasa, T Rott, M Henning, T Dorschner, J Schrapler, R Keller, HU Markiewicz, WJ Mann, I Gustafson, BAS Giovane, F Neuhaus, D Fechtig, H Grun, E Feuerbacher, B Kochan, H Ratke, L El Goresy, A Morfill, G Weidenschilling, SJ Schwehm, G Metzler, K Ip, WH AF Blum, J Wurm, G Kempf, S Poppe, T Klahr, H Kozasa, T Rott, M Henning, T Dorschner, J Schrapler, R Keller, HU Markiewicz, WJ Mann, I Gustafson, BAS Giovane, F Neuhaus, D Fechtig, H Grun, E Feuerbacher, B Kochan, H Ratke, L El Goresy, A Morfill, G Weidenschilling, SJ Schwehm, G Metzler, K Ip, WH TI Growth and form of planetary seedlings: Results from a microgravity aggregation experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PREPLANETARY DUST AGGREGATION; BROWNIAN-MOTION AB The outcome of the first stage of planetary formation, which is characterized by ballistic agglomeration of preplanetary dust grains due to Brownian motion in the free molecular flow regime of the solar nebula, is still somewhat speculative. We performed a microgravity experiment flown onboard the space shuttle in which we simulated, for the first time, the onset of free preplanetary dust accumulation and revealed the structures and growth rates of the first dust agglomerates in the young solar system. We find that a thermally aggregating swarm of dust particles evolves very rapidly and forms unexpected open-structured agglomerates. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Astrophys, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Jena, Univ Observ, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Tech Univ Munich, Fachgebiet Raumfahrttech, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, DLR, Inst Raumsimulat, D-51140 Cologne, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Inst Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Museum Naturkunde, Inst Mineral, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Blum, J (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Astrophys, Schillergasschen 2-3, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RI Blum, Jurgen/B-5590-2011; Gustafson, Bo/B-9526-2011; Kozasa, Takashi/A-5213-2012; OI Blum, Jurgen/0000-0003-1531-737X; KEMPF, SASCHA/0000-0001-5236-3004 NR 20 TC 148 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 18 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2426 EP 2429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2426 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 355NV UT WOS:000089392500004 PM 10978073 ER PT J AU Englert, CR Schimpf, B Birk, M Schreier, F Krocka, M Nitsche, RG Titz, RU Summers, ME AF Englert, CR Schimpf, B Birk, M Schreier, F Krocka, M Nitsche, RG Titz, RU Summers, ME TI The 2.5 THz heterodyne spectrometer THOMAS: Measurement of OH in the middle atmosphere and comparison with photochemical model results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; BALLOON-BORNE LIDAR; STRATOSPHERIC OH; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; HOX PHOTOCHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL; OZONE; H2O; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB The interpretation of recent odd hydrogen measurements in the stratosphere from balloons and in the mesosphere from space indicates a serious lack of understanding in atmospheric HOx chemistry. In order to resolve these persisting problems, coincident measurements of HOx molecules and/or measurements that cover both altitude regions are desirable. In this work, the airborne 2.5 THz heterodyne spectrometer Terahertz OH Measurement Airborne Sounder (THOMAS) is introduced. Since the first THOMAS measurements in 1994/1995, the spectrometer was significantly improved by modification or replacement of individual components. The THOMAS instrumental setup and properties are presented together with a retrieval algorithm for atmospheric parameters based on a Phillips-Tikhonov regularization scheme. Furthermore, the results of a complete error assessment are given. In August 1997, during the second CRISTA/MAHRSI campaign (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere / Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation), OH observations were performed by THOMAS covering altitudes between about 30 and 90 km over a full diurnal cycle. Hydroxyl column densities derived from THOMAS measurements are presented and compared to photochemical model results. The model calculations using the standard HOx chemistry systematically show higher values by about 15 % for the 40-90 km and 50-90 km OH columns. Moreover, a recently proposed change of an HOx chemistry reaction rate is included into the comparison which, for the same altitude intervals, yields OH column densities that are about 10 % lower than the THOMAS measurements. A detailed comparison of the THOMAS and MAHRSI measurements is presented in a seperate publication [Englert et al., 2000]. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Space Sci Div,Upper Atmospher Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, Inst Optoelect, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Englert, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Space Sci Div,Upper Atmospher Phys Branch, Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM englert@uap2.nrl.navy.mil; birger.schimpf@dlr.de; manfred.birk@dlr.de; michael.krocka@dlr.de; ruth.titz@dlr.de; msummers@physics.gmu.edu OI Englert, Christoph/0000-0002-2145-6168 NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D17 BP 22211 EP 22223 DI 10.1029/2000JD900305 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 356XH UT WOS:000089469100007 ER PT J AU Murphy, SJ AF Murphy, SJ TI Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Early recognition and treatment SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Murphy, SJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1257 EP 1258 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 357LQ UT WOS:000089503500003 PM 11011855 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC Makela, JJ Swartz, WE Collins, SC Thonnard, S Aponte, N Tepley, CA AF Kelley, MC Makela, JJ Swartz, WE Collins, SC Thonnard, S Aponte, N Tepley, CA TI Caribbean Ionosphere Campaign, Year One: Airglow and plasma observations during two intense mid-latitude spread-F events SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE AB A series of campaigns has been carried out in the Caribbean over a one-year period to study intense midlatitude spread-F events using a cluster of diversified instrumentation. These events are relatively rare but a number of them have now been captured and will be discussed in this and several companion papers. This paper focuses on 630 nm airglow images obtained by the Cornell All-Sky Imager for two of the more spectacular cases that began on February 17, 1998 and February 17, 1999. In the latter case, and for the first time, a poleward surge of depletion/enhancement airglow zones was captured by radar as well as an airglow imager. In the former case structures grew in place overhead and produced strong VHF F-region backscatter as observed by the CUPRI and University of Illinois radars; the other event, exactly one year later, did not result in detectable 3-m backscatter. The two data sets show quantitatively that the low airglow region is elevated in height and depleted in plasma density and Pedersen conductivity. We suggest an enhanced eastward electric field inside the low conductivity zone may be responsible for the surge. The data also suggest small scale turbulence can only be observed in developing structures. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 318 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 18 BP 2825 EP 2828 DI 10.1029/2000GL000022 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 355MX UT WOS:000089390400001 ER PT J AU Angell, CA Ngai, KL McKenna, GB McMillan, PF Martin, SW AF Angell, CA Ngai, KL McKenna, GB McMillan, PF Martin, SW TI Relaxation in glassforming liquids and amorphous solids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; IONICALLY CONDUCTING GLASSES; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MODE-COUPLING THEORY; FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; DEPOLARIZED LIGHT-SCATTERING; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCOOLED ORTHO-TERPHENYL; NON-ARRHENIUS CONDUCTIVITY AB The field of viscous liquid and glassy solid dynamics is reviewed by a process of posing the key questions that need to be answered, and then providing the best answers available to the authors and their advisors at this time. The subject is divided into four parts, three of them dealing with behavior in different domains of temperature with respect to the glass transition temperature, T-g, and a fourth dealing with "short time processes." The first part tackles the high temperature regime T > T-g, in which the system is ergodic and the evolution of the viscous liquid toward the condition at T-g is in focus. The second part deals with the regime T similar to T-g, where the system is nonergodic except for very long annealing times, hence has time-dependent properties (aging and annealing). The third part discusses behavior when the system is completely frozen with respect to the primary relaxation process but in which secondary processes, particularly those responsible for "superionic" conductivity, and dopart mobility in amorphous silicon, remain active. In the fourth part we focus on the behavior of the system at the crossover between the low frequency vibrational components of the molecular motion and its high frequency relaxational components, paying particular attention to very recent developments in the short time dielectric response and the high Q mechanical response. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)02213-1]. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angell, CA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM caa@asu.edu RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 474 TC 1274 Z9 1285 U1 36 U2 397 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 6 BP 3113 EP 3157 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)02213-1] DI 10.1063/1.1286035 PG 45 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349GB UT WOS:000089034700001 ER PT J AU Florescu, DI Asnin, VM Pollak, FH Molnar, RJ Wood, CEC AF Florescu, DI Asnin, VM Pollak, FH Molnar, RJ Wood, CEC TI High spatial resolution thermal conductivity and Raman spectroscopy investigation of hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown n-GaN/sapphire (0001): Doping dependence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMON COUPLED MODES; GAN FILMS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB We have measured high resolution thermal conductivity (kappa) and Raman spectra {E(2) mode [high frequency], A(1) mode [longitudinal optical (LO)], and high frequency LO-plasmon coupled mode [LPP(+)]} at 300 K of three series of n-GaN/sapphire (0001) samples fabricated by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The former was determined with a scanning thermal microscope while the latter was obtained using a micro-Raman system, both having a spatial resolution of approximate to 2-3 mu m. For all three sets of samples the thermal conductivity decreased linearly with log n, about a factor of two decrease in kappa for every decade increase in n. Also, we found a correlation between film thickness and improved thermal conductivity. Furthermore, kappa approximate to 1.95 W/cm K for one of the most lightly doped samples (approximate to 6.9x10(16) cm(-3)), higher than previously reported kappa approximate to 1.7-1.8 W/cm K on lateral epitaxial overgrown (LEO) material with n approximate to(1-2)x10(17) cm(-3) [V. M. Asnin , Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1240 (1999)], kappa=1.55 W/cm K on LEO samples using a third-harmonic technique [C. Y. Luo , Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 4151 (1999)], and kappa approximate to 1.3 W/cm K on a HVPE sample [E. K. Sichel and J. I. Pankove, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 38, 330 (1977)]. The carrier concentration dependence of kappa is similar to that of other semiconductors in a comparable temperature range. On a log-log scale the linewidth of the observed E(2) Raman mode remained constant up to n approximate to 1x10(18) cm(-3) and then increased linearly. The carrier concentration obtained from the LPP(+) mode is less than the Hall effect determination. This is probably due to the fact that the latter measures n in both the epilayer and GaN/sapphire interfacial region [D. C. Look and R. J. Molnar, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 3377 (1997); W. Gotz , Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1214 (1998)] while the Raman signal is primarily from the epilayer. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)01719-9]. C1 CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, New York State Ctr Adv Technol Ultrafast Photon M, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Off Naval Res, Elect & Solid State Sci Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Florescu, DI (reprint author), CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. EM fhpbc@cunyvm.cuny.edu NR 32 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 6 BP 3295 EP 3300 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)01719-9] DI 10.1063/1.1289072 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349GB UT WOS:000089034700023 ER PT J AU Tan, Q Li, JF Viehland, D AF Tan, Q Li, JF Viehland, D TI Role of potassium comodification on domain evolution and electrically induced strains in La modified lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric ceramics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION SWITCHING MECHANISMS; PLZT AB The influence of potassium comodification on the structure-property relationships of base (Pb1-3/2xLax)(ZryTi1-y)O-3 [(PLZT) 100x/100y/100(1-y)] ceramics has been investigated. Studies were performed by dielectric response, electrically induced polarization and strain methods, and transmission electron microscopy. For 4/65/35, potassium modification resulted in a dramatic decrease (similar to 10 times) in the magnitude of the induced strain, the development of a pinned polarization, increase in dielectric loss, slight decrease in T-max, and a dramatic reduction in domain size and change in domain morphology. For 7/65/35 with increasing potassium concentration, only minor changes in the strain-electrical field response was observed and a crossover between nanodomains and normal micron-sized domains occurred. For 12/65/35, significant increases in the magnitude of the induced strain were found, and a significant increase in the nanodomain size occurred. The influence of electrical field on the domain and strain responses of potassium modified PLZT were also performed. These results are discussed in terms of the influence of impurity/defect pinning sites and their distributions on domain stability and polarization switching. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)03818-4]. C1 Honeywell Elect Mat, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Tan, Q (reprint author), Honeywell Elect Mat, 15128 E Euclid, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 6 BP 3433 EP 3438 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)03818-4] DI 10.1063/1.1288223 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349GB UT WOS:000089034700043 ER PT J AU Zhou, M Paduan, JD Niiler, PP AF Zhou, M Paduan, JD Niiler, PP TI Surface currents in the Canary Basin from drifter observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUB-TROPICAL FRONT; SEMAPHORE EXPERIMENT; AZORES FRONT; MIXED-LAYER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; INTENSIVE SURVEYS; CIRCULATION; OCEAN AB Satellite-tracked drifting buoys, deployed in the Canary Basin as part of the Subduction Experiment between July 1991 and October 1993 and the French Semaphore Experiment during October 1993, were used to obtain a description of surface currents and temperature in the Canary Basin. The study focuses on surface water convergence, eddy energy production, and heat transport. The Azores Current associated with the subtropical convergence zone is clearly visible at 34 degrees N, and bifurcates around 22 degrees W, with the major branch of the current circling the Madeira plateau and joining the Canary Current along the continental slope. Eddy kinetic energy maxima are found along the Azores Current. The mean current revealed a region of maximum convergence north of the Azores Current around longitude 29 degrees W occurring with a negative heating anomaly and positive work done by the Reynolds stress. The southward meridional temperature fluxes in the Ekman layer (0-50 m) between 37 degrees W and the African and European coast are estimated between -0.076 +/- 0.022 x 10(15) W, produced by mean southward volume transport in our study area. The residual between local surface heat fluxes and horizontal convergence of heat implies a vertical heat convergence process associated with mesoscale temperature and flow fields. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Zhou, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Large Lakes Observ, 213 Res Lab Bldg,10 Univ Dr, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C9 BP 21893 EP 21911 DI 10.1029/2000JC900096 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 355DD UT WOS:000089369600003 ER PT J AU Jacobs, GA Hur, HB Riedlinger, SK AF Jacobs, GA Hur, HB Riedlinger, SK TI Yellow and East China Seas response to winds and currents SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FORECAST MODEL; WARM CURRENT; KUROSHIO; NORTHEAST; FEATURES; WINTER; SUMMER; TAIWAN; WATER AB The influences of the Kuroshio Current (KUC), Taiwan Warm Current (TWC), and surface wind stress on the Yellow and East China Seas (YES) are examined using tracers in a Princeton Ocean Model. Two experiments are performed: one with wind stress and one without. Seasonal variations in the inflow and outflow of the TWC and Tsushima Current are specified to examine the effects of the current transports. Two separate tracers are inserted into each model experiment to track the pattern of KUC and TWC waters into the YES. The two main areas of KUC and TWC water movement into the Yellow Sea are the southern entrance to the Yellow Sea trough and the Yangtze Relict River valley. Results indicate that KUC and TWC waters advect into the Yellow Sea regardless of wind stress. However, in the Yellow Sea during winter the wind stress increases KUC and TWC concentration at 20 m. The wind stress also produces short time period events that horizontally advect water masses and spatially smooth seasonally averaged water mass concentrations. The bottom Ekman layer appears to be one of the mechanisms driving the northward bottom flow across the East China Sea shelf. The bottom friction layer is stronger in summer when the TWC velocity is high. The bottom friction layer draws KUC water across the bottom of the continental shelf into the Yangtze Relict River valley and generates upwelling along the Chinese coast. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Navy, Seoul, South Korea. RP USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jacobs@nrlssc.navy.mil; riedlinger@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Jacobs, Gregg/C-1456-2008 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C9 BP 21947 EP 21968 DI 10.1029/2000JC900093 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 355DD UT WOS:000089369600006 ER PT J AU Maric, D Liu, QY Grant, GM Andreadis, JD Hu, Q Chang, YH Barker, JL Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA Ma, W AF Maric, D Liu, QY Grant, GM Andreadis, JD Hu, Q Chang, YH Barker, JL Pancrazio, JJ Stenger, DA Ma, W TI Functional ionotropic glutamate receptors emerge during terminal cell division and early neuronal differentiation of rat neuroepithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neural precursor cell; neurogenesis; Ca2+ imaging; patch-clamp recording ID CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; NMDA RECEPTORS; IN-VITRO; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; PROGENITOR CELLS; BETA-TUBULIN; GLIAL-CELLS; STEM-CELLS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION AB Ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate fast forms of excitatory synaptic transmission in mature neurons and may play critical roles in neuronal development. However, the developmental stage at which neuronal cells begin to express functional receptors and their roles in lineage progression remain unclear. In the present study, neural precursor cells were isolated from the cortical neuroepithelium of embryonic day 13 rats, and rapidly expanded in serum-free medium in response to basic fibroblast growth factor, RT-PCR revealed the presence of mRNAs encoding AMPA(A), AMPA(C), KA(1), KA(2), NMDA(1), and NMDA(2D) subunits after 3 days in culture, The functional expression of AMPA/kainate and NMDA receptors was investigated using Ca2+ imaging and whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques in cells pulse-labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 1-4 hr. The recorded cells were then double-immunostained for BrdU incorporation and neuron-specific p-tubulin (TuJ1), The results show that AMPA/kainate and NMDA induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ and inward currents only in differentiating neurons. In contrast, proliferating BrdU(+)TuJ1(-) cells failed to respond to any ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists, Interestingly, Ca2+ imaging revealed that a subpopulation of BrdU(+)TuJ1(+) cells also responded to AMPA, indicating the emergence of functional ionotropic AMPA/kainate receptors during terminal cell division and the earliest commitment to neuronal cell lineage. These in vitro results were supported by flow cytometric sorting of AMPA-responsive cells pulse-labeled with BrdU for I hr in vivo, which revealed that functional AMPA receptors appear in BrdU(+)TuJ1(+) cells under physiological conditions and may play a role in terminal cell division. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NINDS, Neurophysiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ma, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Pancrazio, Joseph/M-3206-2015 OI Pancrazio, Joseph/0000-0001-8276-3690 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [1 R21 AA12237-01] NR 49 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0360-4012 J9 J NEUROSCI RES JI J. Neurosci. Res. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 6 BP 652 EP 662 DI 10.1002/1097-4547(20000915)61:6<652::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-J PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 349TJ UT WOS:000089061400009 PM 10972962 ER PT J AU Saenz, AW AF Saenz, AW TI Nonintegrability of the Dragt-Finn model of magnetic confinement: a Galoisian-group approach SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE DF-model; nonintegrable Hamiltonian; normal variational equation; differential Galois group; Ziglin group; confluent Heun equation ID ALGORITHM AB We prove rigorously that the Hamiltonian H of a model of magnetic confinement of Dragt and Finn (DF-model) is nonintegrable. More precisely, we show that for certain nonzero values M of the component M-3 of the angular momentum vector along the rotational symmetry axis there does not exist a real analytic function in involution with and functionally independent of H and M-3 which has a meromorphic extension to a suitable region in the complexified phase space of H. For M not equal 0, let K-M be the Hamiltonian of two degrees of freedom obtained by reducing H with respect to M-3 and (K) over cap(M) its holomorphic extension to the complexified phase space of K-M. For each such M, we show that the differential Galois group (DGG) of the normal variational equation (NVE) of a suitable complexified nonequilibrium curve to (K) over cap(M) is not of Ziglin type. By a result implicit in recent work of Morales-Ruiz and Ramis which follows more directly from results explicitly stated by Churchill, this entails that (K) over cap(M) is nonintegrable in a suitable sense, from which the nonintegrability of H follows. We point out the advantage of using this approach to prove nonintegrability in cases such as the DF-model, in which the NVE considered is embedded into a non-Fuchsian equation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM saenz@dave.nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 EI 1872-8022 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(00)00077-4 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 352GX UT WOS:000089208000003 ER PT J AU Nolas, GS Kendziora, CA AF Nolas, GS Kendziora, CA TI Raman scattering study of Ge and Sn compounds with type-I clathrate hydrate crystal structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-MODES; THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS; SI AB Raman scattering spectra of polycrystalline Sr8Ga16Ge30, Eu8Ga16Ge30, Cs8Ga8Sn38, and Cs8Zn4Sn37Ge5, all with the type-I clathrate crystal structure, were studied at room temperature and 10 K. Several of the Raman-active vibrational modes in these compounds have been identified. The Ge and Sn clathrate spectra are similar, with the vibrational modes of the Sn clathrates shifting to lower frequencies as compared to Ge clathrates. Polarization measurements were used to identify the A(g) modes. The lower-frequency mode of the two Raman-active modes corresponding to the "rattling" vibrations of the "guest" atoms inside the tetrakaidecahedral "cages" have been identified in these compounds. This mode is at a frequency that is within the acoustic phonon branch of these compounds. The experimental data are compared to theoretical predictions. C1 Marlow Ind Inc, R&D Div, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Marlow Ind Inc, R&D Div, 10451 Vista Pk Rd, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. NR 27 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 11 BP 7157 EP 7161 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.7157 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355XH UT WOS:000089413500061 ER PT J AU Jonker, BT Park, YD Bennett, BR Cheong, HD Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A AF Jonker, BT Park, YD Bennett, BR Cheong, HD Kioseoglou, G Petrou, A TI Robust electrical spin injection into a semiconductor heterostructure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULTS; GAAS; INTERFACE; DEVICE AB We report efficient electrical injection of spin-polarized carriers from a non-lattice-matched magnetic contact into a semiconductor heterostructure. The semimagnetic semiconductor Zn1-xMnxSe is used as a spin-injecting contact on a GaAs-based light-emitting diode. Spin-polarized electrons are electrically injected across the II-VI/III-V interface, where they radiatively recombine in a GaAs quantum well and emit circularly polarized light. An analysis of the optical polarization which includes quantum confinement effects yields a lower bound of 50% for the spin injection efficiency. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Jonker, BT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jonker@nrl.navy.mil RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008; Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213; Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 24 TC 418 Z9 422 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 12 BP 8180 EP 8183 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.8180 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 359CF UT WOS:000089593400073 ER PT J AU Chen, G Bonadeo, NH Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D Sham, LJ AF Chen, G Bonadeo, NH Steel, DG Gammon, D Katzer, DS Park, D Sham, LJ TI Optically induced entanglement of excitons in a single quantum dot SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; SHIFTS; LOGIC AB Optically induced entanglement is identified by the spectrum of the phase-sensitive homodyne-detected coherent nonlinear optical response in a single gallium arsenide quantum dot. The electron-hole entanglement involves two magneto-excitonic states differing in transition energy and polarization. The strong coupling needed for entanglement is provided through the Coulomb interaction involving the electrons and holes. The result presents a first step toward the optical realization of quantum Logic operations using two or more quantum dots. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steel, DG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 30 TC 216 Z9 223 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 289 IS 5486 BP 1906 EP 1909 DI 10.1126/science.289.5486.1906 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 354XD UT WOS:000089355800037 ER PT J AU Zabetakis, D AF Zabetakis, D TI Inheritance of suppressors of the drug sensitivity of a NSR1 deleted yeast strain SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE paromomycin; non-mendelian; yeast; NSR1; rDNA; ribosome ID 18S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; PHENOTYPIC SUPPRESSION; TRANSCRIBED SPACER; NUCLEOLAR PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POINT MUTATIONS; SIZE-VARIATION AB The NSR1 gene product is involved in ribosomal RNA production and ribosome assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast strains carrying a deletion of the NSR1 gene have a defect in rRNA processing, an aberrant ribosome profile and are sensitive to the drug paromomycin, This paper reports the isolation and characterization of spontaneous suppressors of the paromomycin sensitivity. Such suppressors could be isolated at very high frequency and do not exhibit straightforward single-gene inheritance patterns. The suppressors are not influenced by non-Mendelian factors such as Psi or rho. Through a replacement of chromosomal rDNA with a plasmid rDNA system, I show that suppression of paromomycin sensitivity is mediated by rDNA. Swapping wild-type plasmid rDNA for chromosomal rDNA can reverse the suppression, but the effect does not appear to be due to amplification of rDNA or amplification of a pre-existing mutant rDNA copy. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6908,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dan@cbmse.nri.navy.mil FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM44901-01] NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0749-503X EI 1097-0061 J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1147 EP 1159 DI 10.1002/1097-0061(20000915)16:12<1147::AID-YEA610>3.0.CO;2-M PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 356JU UT WOS:000089440800008 PM 10953086 ER PT J AU Bodner, S Paine, C AF Bodner, S Paine, C TI When peer review fails - Problems with a giant laser project. SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Laser Fus Programme, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nat Resources Def Council, Nucl Programme, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 14 PY 2000 VL 407 IS 6801 BP 129 EP 130 DI 10.1038/35025288 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 352VX UT WOS:000089241000017 ER PT J AU Mohseni, H Tahraoui, A Wojkowski, J Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC Park, YS AF Mohseni, H Tahraoui, A Wojkowski, J Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC Park, YS TI Very long wavelength infrared type-II detectors operating at 80 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; GASB; PHOTODIODES; GROWTH AB We report a demonstration of very long wavelength infrared detectors based on InAs/GaSb superlattices operating at T=80 K. Detector structures with excellent material quality were grown on an optimized GaSb buffer layer on GaAs semi-insulating substrates. Photoconductive devices with 50% cutoff wavelength of lambda(c)=17 mu m showed a peak responsivity of about 100 mA/W at T=80 K. Devices with 50% cutoff wavelengths up to lambda(c)=22 mu m were demonstrated at this temperature. Good uniformity was obtained over large areas even for the devices with very long cutoff wavelengths. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00637-9]. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Mohseni, H (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mohseni, Hooman/B-7253-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 14 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1572 EP 1574 DI 10.1063/1.1308528 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 351QY UT WOS:000089170700002 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Dynamic nuclear polarization by spin injection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GOLD-FILMS; CHARGE; TRANSPORT; METALS AB A theory is presented to describe quantitatively how nuclear spin polarization can be induced in a metal by a dc electric bias current driven through the sample. The bias current is spin polarized by passing through a thin ferromagnetic film in interfacial contact with the sample, with the polarization axis determined by the magnetization orientation of the ferromagnetic layer. The nuclear spins are polarized due to spin angular momentum transfer from the electrons to the nuclei mediated by the contact hyperfine interaction. Upon reversing the polarity of the bias current, the sign of the nuclear polarization is reversed. Unlike other methods of dynamic nuclear polarization, spin-injected dynamic nuclear polarization is a zero frequency technique that in principle does not require an applied magnetic field. [S0003-6951(00)04137-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1680 EP 1682 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)04137-1] DI 10.1063/1.1310173 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 351QY UT WOS:000089170700038 ER PT J AU Makarov, VV Urban, S AF Makarov, VV Urban, S TI A moving group of young stars in Carina-Vela SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; open clusters and associations : general; X-rays : stars ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; X-RAY; STELLAR CONTENT; NEARBY STARS; HIPPARCOS; POPULATION; CLUSTERS; CATALOG; TYCHO AB Accurate two-colour photometry and proper motions of 7096 young X-ray stars in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Star Catalogue, version 1RXS, are extracted from the Tycho-2 Catalogue. The sample is dominated by red main-sequence and possibly pre-main-sequence stars. On a global proper motion convergence map, two features are very prominent: the nearby section of the Gould Belt and the Hyades convergent point. The appearance of the Gould Belt feature with its peak at (l=244 degrees 3, b=-12 degrees 6) is quite similar to that of Hipparcos OB stars. When only stars with proper motions drawing close to that point are selected, strong concentrations of stars in the direction of the Sco-Cen complex are found. Another concentration, not corresponding to any known OB association, is detected between the position of the Lower Centaurus Crux and Vela OB2 associations. It is a new young moving group located in Carina and Vela, and a near extension of the Sco-Cen complex. Contrary to the classical Gould Belt OB associations, the Carina-Vela moving group has a considerable geometric depth, the closest members being as near as 30 pc from the Sun. IC 2391, one of the youngest and closest open clusters on the sky, is a part of the Carina-Vela moving group. The Carina-Vela moving group does not link the Sco-Cen complex with the Vela OB associations, because the latter is much more distant than the outer limit of the sample. It is more likely that the young late-type population of the Scorpio-Centaurus-Carina moving group stretches towards the Sun and possibly beyond it. C1 Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Makarov, VV (reprint author), Copenhagen Univ Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 11 PY 2000 VL 317 IS 2 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03584.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 355TF UT WOS:000089401400009 ER PT J AU Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Kent, S Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Pier, JR Richards, GT Stoughton, C Anderson, JE Annis, J Brinkmann, J Chen, B Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lupton, R Munn, JA Nash, T Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Smith, JA York, DG AF Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Kent, S Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Pier, JR Richards, GT Stoughton, C Anderson, JE Annis, J Brinkmann, J Chen, B Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lupton, R Munn, JA Nash, T Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Smith, JA York, DG TI Identification of A-colored stars and structure in the halo of the milky way from Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE blue stragglers; Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : structure; stars : early-type; stars : horizontal-branch ID HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER SYSTEM; GALACTIC STELLAR HALO; RR-LYRAE STARS; BLUE STRAGGLERS; DWARF GALAXY; SOLAR CIRCLE; SDSS FILTERS; FIELD STARS; HOT STARS AB A sample of 4208 objects with magnitude 15 < g* < 22 and colors of main-sequence A stars have been selected from 370 deg(2) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning observations. The data is from two long, narrow stripes, each with an opening angle of greater than 60 degrees, at Galactic latitudes 36 degrees < \b\ < 63 degrees on the celestial equator. Relative photometric calibrations good to 2% and consistent absolute photometry allows this uniform sample to be treated statistically over the large area. An examination of the sample's distribution shows that these stars trace considerable substructure in the halo. Large overdensities of A-colored stars in the north at (l, b, R) = (350 degrees, 50 degrees, 46 kpc) and in the south at (157, -58, 33 kpc) and extending over tens of degrees are present in the halo of the Milky Way. Ivezic ct al. have detected the northern structure from a sample of RR Lyrae stars in the SDSS. Using photometry to separate the stars by surface gravity, both structures are shown to contain a sequence of low surface gravity stars consistent with identification as a blue horizontal branch (BHB). Both structures also contain a population of high surface gravity stars 2 mag fainter than the BHB stars, consistent with their identification as blue stragglers (BSs). The majority of the high surface gravity stars in the Galactic halo may be BS stars like these. A population of F stars associated with the A star excess in the southern structure is detected (the F stars in the northern structure at 46 kpc would be too faint for the SDSS to detect). From the numbers of detected BHB stars, lower limits to the implied mass of the structures are 6 x 10(6) M(circle dot) and 2 x 10(6) M(circle dot), although one does not yet know the full spatial extent of the structures. The fact that two such large clumps have been detected in a survey of only 1% of the sky indicates that such structures are not uncommon in the halo. Simple spheroidal parameters are fit to a complete sample of the remaining unclumped BHB stars and yield (at r < 40 kpc) a fit to a halo distribution with flattening (c/a = 0.65 +/- 0.2) and a density falloff exponent of alpha = -3.2 +/- 0.3. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. LLNL, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Yanny, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 48 TC 271 Z9 277 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2000 VL 540 IS 2 BP 825 EP 841 DI 10.1086/309386 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360DH UT WOS:000089650800019 ER PT J AU Yusef-Zadeh, F Shure, M Wardle, M Kassim, N AF Yusef-Zadeh, F Shure, M Wardle, M Kassim, N TI Radio continuum emission from the central stars of M20, and the detection of a new supernova remnant near M20 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : ISM; HII regions; ISM : individual (Trifid Nebula) ID ORION NEBULA; MASER EMISSION; TRIFID NEBULA; OH MASERS; W28; PULSAR AB The Trifid Nebula (M20) is a well-known prominent optical H II region trisected by obscuring dust lanes. Radio continuum VLA observations of this nebula show free-free emission at lambda = 3.6 and 6 cm from three stellar sources lying close to the O7 V star at the center of the nebula. We argue that neutral material associated with these stars is photoionized externally by the UV radiation from the hot central star. We also report the discovery of a barrel-shaped supernova remnant, SNR G7.06-0.12, at the northwest rim of the nebula, and two shell-like features, G6.67-0.42 and G6.83-0.21, adjacent to W28 and M20. We discuss the nature of these features and their possible relationship to the pulsar PSR 1801-2306 and W28 OH (1720 MHz) masers. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Reolut Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Sydney, Res Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yusef-Zadeh, F (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Wardle, Mark/0000-0002-1737-0871 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2000 VL 540 IS 2 BP 842 EP 850 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360DH UT WOS:000089650800020 ER PT J AU Aulanier, G DeLuca, EE Antiochos, SK McMullen, RA Golub, L AF Aulanier, G DeLuca, EE Antiochos, SK McMullen, RA Golub, L TI The topology and evolution of the Bastille Day flare SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : UV radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; TRANSITION REGION; SOLAR-FLARES; LOOP OSCILLATIONS; DELTA-SPOT; EXPLORER; FIELD; CONFIGURATIONS; ARCADES AB On 1998 July 14, a class M3 flare occurred at 12:55 UT in AR 8270 near disk center. Kitt Peak line-of-sight magnetograms show that the flare occurred in a delta spot. Mees vector magnetograms show a strong shear localized near a portion of the closed neutral line around the parasitic polarity of the 6 spot. Observations of the hare in 171, 195, and 1600 Angstrom have been obtained by TRACE, with similar or equal to 40 s temporal and 0." 5 spatial resolutions. They reveal that small-scale preflare loops above the sheared region expanded and disappeared for more than 1 hr before flare maximum. During the flare, bright loops anchored in bright ribbons form and grow. This occurs while large-scale dimmings, associated with large expanding loops, develop on both sides of the active region. This suggests that the flare was eruptive and was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME). Magnetic field extrapolations reveal the presence of a null point in the corona, with its associated "spine" held line, and its "fan" surface surrounding the parasitic polarity. We show that while the whole event occurs, the intersections of the "fan" and the "spine" with the photosphere brighten and move continuously. The interpretation of the event shows that the magnetic evolution of the eruptive flare is strongly coupled with its surrounding complex topology. We discuss evidence supporting a "magnetic breakout" process for triggering this eruptive flare. We finally conclude that multipolar fields cannot be neglected in the study and modeling of the origin of CMEs in the corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Aulanier, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 37 TC 181 Z9 183 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2000 VL 540 IS 2 BP 1126 EP 1142 DI 10.1086/309376 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360DH UT WOS:000089650800045 ER PT J AU Hummel, CA White, NM Elias, NM Hajian, AR Nordgren, TE AF Hummel, CA White, NM Elias, NM Hajian, AR Nordgren, TE TI zeta Orionis A is a double star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; stars : individual (zeta Orionis A); techniques : interferometric ID PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER AB A close, 4th magnitude companion to zeta Orionis A has been resolved with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer at Lowell Observatory. This confirms an indication of multiplicity from observations with the stellar intensity interferometer at Narrabri 26 years ago. The new component in the multiple system ADS 4263, zeta Orionis Ab, is 2 mag fainter than Aa, which is a supergiant of type O9.5. During 1998 February and March, the pair had a mean separation of 42 mas. Orbital motion was subsequently detected, but the corresponding are allows only a preliminary ephemeris. C1 USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USN Observ, NPOI, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Hummel, CA (reprint author), USN Observ, Astrometry Dept, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2000 VL 540 IS 2 BP L91 EP L93 DI 10.1086/312882 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360DJ UT WOS:000089650900007 ER PT J AU Dunlap, BI AF Dunlap, BI TI Robust and variational fitting: Removing the four-center integrals from center stage in quantum chemistry SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry (CCTCC) CY NOV 05-06, 1999 CL VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI DE density-functional theory; variational fitting; robust fitting; Gaussian basis sets; resolution of the identity ID GTO BASIS-SETS; ATOMS; GEOMETRIES; ALGORITHM AB We are interested in developing very fast and very accurate first-principles molecular dynamics. The approach that we are developing is robust and variational fitting. Fitting can be used effectively in quantum chemistry in many ways beyond optimizing and generating molecular orbitals, provided the fits are variational, i.e. compatible with the variational principle. Robust-variational fits, in addition to being variational, correct the target function to first order in the error made due to fitting. Thus robust and variational fits and fitting-basis sets can be generated in the same manner that molecular orbitals and atomic-basis sets are generated. Robust-variational resolution-of-the-identity methods are described as well as methods for analytically treating Kohn-Sham exchange and the case of canted spins in a general treatment of magnetism and with the spin-orbit interaction. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dunlap, BI (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dunlap, Brett/0000-0003-1356-6559 NR 15 TC 193 Z9 193 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD SEP 8 PY 2000 VL 529 SI SI BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(00)00528-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 358EE UT WOS:000089543600006 ER PT J AU Hrabie, JA Arnold, EV Citro, ML George, C Keefer, LK AF Hrabie, JA Arnold, EV Citro, ML George, C Keefer, LK TI Reaction of nitric oxide at the beta-carbon of enamines. A new method of preparing compounds containing the diazeniumdiolate functional group SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONVENIENT; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; RELEASE; OLEFINS AB The reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with enamines has been investigated. Unlike previously reported reactions of NO as a free radical with alkenes, the electrophilic addition of NO to the beta-carbon of enamines results in the formation of compounds containing the diazeniumdiolate functional group (-[N(O)NO]-). This reaction between NO;and enamines has been shown to be quite general and a variety of enamine-derived diazeniumdiolates have been isolated and characterized. While enamines derived from aldehydes and ketones whose structures allow for sequential multiple electrophilic additions tended to undergo overreaction leading to unstable products, it has been shown that this complication may be overcome by suitable choice of reaction solvent. The products obtained may exist as zwitterionic iminium salts or as neutral species depending upon the structure of the parent enamine. The diazeniumdiolate derived from 1-(N-morpholino)cyclohexene is unique among the new compounds in that it spontaneously releases NO upon dissolution in buffered aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, While the total quantity of NO released by this material (ca. 7% of the theoretical 2 moles) is apparently limited by a competing reaction in which it hydrolyzes to an alpha-diazeniumdiolated carbonyl compound and the parent amine, this feature may prove to be of great value in the development of multiaction pharmaceuticals based upon this new type of NO-releasing compound. Reports of enzymatic (oxidative) release of NO from previously known carbon-bound diazeniumdiolates also suggest that analogues of these compounds may be useful as pharmaceutical agents. This new method of introducing the relatively rarely studied diazeniumdiolate functional group into organic compounds should lead to further research into its chemical and biological properties. C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Chem Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hrabie, JA (reprint author), NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Keefer, Larry/N-3247-2014 OI Keefer, Larry/0000-0001-7489-9555 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01CO56000] NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD SEP 8 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 18 BP 5745 EP 5751 DI 10.1021/jo000600g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 354BP UT WOS:000089310200039 PM 10970319 ER PT J AU Jernigan, GG Stahlbush, RE Saks, NS AF Jernigan, GG Stahlbush, RE Saks, NS TI Effect of oxidation and reoxidation on the oxide-substrate interface of 4H-and 6H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; SURFACES AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and sputter depth profiling were used to investigate SiO2 grown on 4H- and 6H-SiC with and without a reoxidation procedure. The oxides grown and oxide-substrate interfaces formed on 4H and 6H were similar in chemistry but different from Si(100). Reoxidation changes the structure of the oxide and the abruptness of the oxide-substrate interface. We propose a model for SiC oxidation where a transition layer containing Si-Si bonds is produced between the oxide and the SiC substrate. [S0003-6951(00)00236-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jernigan, GG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6810,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1437 EP 1439 DI 10.1063/1.1290490 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 348ZT UT WOS:000089017200009 ER PT J AU Mattoussi, H Rubner, MF Zhou, F Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Chiang, LY AF Mattoussi, H Rubner, MF Zhou, F Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Chiang, LY TI Photovoltaic heterostructure devices made of sequentially adsorbed poly(phenylene vinylene) and functionalized C-60 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; CONDUCTING POLYMER; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; MULTILAYERS; COMPLEX; DIODES; FILMS AB We report on the preparation and characterization of rectifying photovoltaic heterostructure devices made of poly(phenylene vinylene), PPV, and C-60. The heterojunctions were built from solution using the technique of layer-by-layer sequential adsorption. This technique permits one to control the heterostructure at the molecular scale. Upon illumination with a laser beam, the devices showed large photoresponses (current and voltage) that resulted from a photoinduced electron transfer between the PPV (donor layer) and the C-60 (acceptor layer). The photocurrent was found to increase with the laser power and with the photon energy of the incident radiation. Also, a constant high photovoltage response of similar to 700-800 mV was measured. Analysis of the time dependence of the photocurrent rise and decay, when the device was illuminated with a modulated square wave signal (chopped laser beam), permitted us to draw an analogy between the present heterojunction and a circuit made of a capacitor and a resistance in series. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03236-8]. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Mattoussi, H (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1540 EP 1542 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)03236-8] DI 10.1063/1.1290723 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 348ZT UT WOS:000089017200044 ER PT J AU Hamers, RJ Coulter, SK Ellison, MD Hovis, JS Padowitz, DF Schwartz, MP Greenlief, CM Russell, JN AF Hamers, RJ Coulter, SK Ellison, MD Hovis, JS Padowitz, DF Schwartz, MP Greenlief, CM Russell, JN TI Cycloaddition chemistry of organic molecules with semiconductor surfaces SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID BINDING STATE CONVERSION; ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; DIELS-ALDER REACTION; SI(001) SURFACE; SI(100) SURFACE; SILICON(001) SURFACE; ADSORPTION; MONOLAYERS; ACETYLENE; ETHYLENE AB Recent investigations have shown that cycloaddition reactions, widely used in organic chemistry to form ring compounds, can also be applied to link organic molecules to the (001) surfaces of crystalline silicon, germanium, and diamond. While these surfaces are comprised of Si=Si, Ge=Ge, and C=C structural units that resemble the C=C bonds of organic alkenes, the rates and mechanisms of the surface reactions show some distinct differences from those of their organic counterparts This article reviews recent studies of [2 + 2], [4 + 2] Diels-Alder, and other cycloaddition reactions of organic molecules with semiconductor surfaces and summarizes the current understanding of the reaction pathways. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Schwartz, Michael/B-3417-2008; Schwartz, Mike/O-7963-2016; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3785-6606; Schwartz, Mike/0000-0003-3785-6606; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 50 TC 347 Z9 348 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 33 IS 9 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1021/ar970281o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 359EW UT WOS:000089599400005 PM 10995199 ER PT J AU Snider, KF AF Snider, KF TI Pragmatism and public administration - Response to Stever and Garrison SO ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-3997 J9 ADMIN SOC JI Adm. Soc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 BP 487 EP 489 DI 10.1177/00953990022019551 PG 3 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 350QU UT WOS:000089113300008 ER PT J AU Kailasanath, K AF Kailasanath, K TI Review of propulsion applications of detonation waves SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID RAM-ACCELERATOR; PROJECTILES; SHOCKS AB Applications of detonations to propulsion are reviewed. First, the advantages of the detonation cycle over the constant pressure combustion cycle, typical of conventional propulsion engines, are discussed. Then the early studies of standing normal detonations, intermittent (or pulsed) detonations, rotating detonations, and oblique shock-induced detonations are reviewed. This is followed by a brief discussion of detonation thrusters, laser-supported detonations and oblique detonation wave engines. Finally, a more detailed review of research during the past decade on ram accelerators and pulsed detonation engines is presented. The impact of the early work on these recent developments and some of the outstanding issues are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kailasanath, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr React Flow & Dynam Syst, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Code 6410, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 102 TC 130 Z9 159 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1698 EP 1708 DI 10.2514/2.1156 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 350AE UT WOS:000089077400026 ER PT J AU Viera, AJ AF Viera, AJ TI Radon and lung cancer SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Hosp Guam, FPO, AP 96538 USA. RP Viera, AJ (reprint author), USN Hosp Guam, PSC 490 Box NCT, FPO, AP 96538 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 950 EP 951 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 353NP UT WOS:000089282600001 PM 10997524 ER PT J AU Blackwood, CL AF Blackwood, CL TI Measurement of alcohol withdrawal SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter ID DETOXIFICATION C1 USN, Camp Pendleton Hosp, Family Med Ctr, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP Blackwood, CL (reprint author), USN, Camp Pendleton Hosp, Family Med Ctr, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 954 EP 954 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 353NP UT WOS:000089282600002 PM 10997525 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DA AF Bradshaw, DA TI The emergency pulmonary coin lesion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Pulm Div & Clin Invest, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Bradshaw, DA (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Pulm Div & Clin Invest, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 18 IS 5 BP 637 EP 638 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 351UQ UT WOS:000089176900016 PM 10999587 ER PT J AU Egsieker, E Mullins, ME Naunheim, B AF Egsieker, E Mullins, ME Naunheim, B TI Tremor after ingestion of Tavist-D and Tylenol 3 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID SEROTONIN SYNDROME; FLUVOXAMINE C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Pulm Div & Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Egsieker, E (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Pulm Div & Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 18 IS 5 BP 638 EP 638 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 351UQ UT WOS:000089176900017 PM 10999588 ER PT J AU Manock, SR Kelley, PM Hyams, KC Douce, R Smalligan, RD Watts, DM Sharp, TW Casey, JL Gerin, JL Engle, R Alava-Alprecht, A Martinez, CM Bravo, NB Guevara, AG Russell, KL Mendoza, W Vimos, C AF Manock, SR Kelley, PM Hyams, KC Douce, R Smalligan, RD Watts, DM Sharp, TW Casey, JL Gerin, JL Engle, R Alava-Alprecht, A Martinez, CM Bravo, NB Guevara, AG Russell, KL Mendoza, W Vimos, C TI An outbreak of fulminant hepatitis delta in the Waorani, an indigenous people of the Amazon basin of Ecuador SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID B SURFACE-ANTIGEN; ISOLATED AMERINDIAN POPULATION; VIRUS-INFECTION; YUCPA INDIANS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPE; VENEZUELA; CARRIERS; BRAZIL AB An outbreak of delta hepatitis occurred during 1998 among the Waorani of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Among 58 people identified with jaundice, 79% lived in four of 22 Waorani communities. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the sera of 54% of the jaundiced persons, and 14% of asymptomatic persons. Ninety-five percent of 105 asymptomatic Waorani had hepatitis B core (HBc) IgG antibody, versus 98% of 51 with jaundice. These data confirm I:hat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic among the Waorani. Sixteen of 23 (70%) HBsAg carriers identified at the onset of the epidemic had serologic markers for hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection. All 16 were jaundiced, where as only two of seven (29%) with negative HDV serology were jaundiced (P = .0006). The delta cases clustered in families, 69% were children and most involved superinfection of people chronically infected with HBV. The data suggest that HDV spread rapidly by a horizontal mode of transmission other than by the sexual route. C1 Hosp Vozandes Oriente, Pastaza, Ecuador. USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Hosp Vozandes, Quito, Ecuador. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Higiene, Lab Izquieta Perez, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Minist Salud Publ, Pastaza, Ecuador. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Manock, SR (reprint author), Amer Embassy, US NAMRID Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45179] NR 34 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 437MG UT WOS:000168995000018 PM 11388517 ER PT J AU Symonds, CL AF Symonds, CL TI War, technology and experience aboard the USS-MONITOR SO AMERICAN NEPTUNE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Symonds, CL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEABODY MUSEUM PI SALEM PA E INDIA MARINE HALL, SALEM, MA 01970 USA SN 0003-0155 J9 AM NEPTUNE JI Am. Neptune PD FAL PY 2000 VL 60 IS 4 BP 432 EP 433 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 532HY UT WOS:000174469400017 ER PT J AU Murray, JD Brennan, FJ Hall, LD Berry, JM Hatter, DG Hemp, JR Reeves, TR Velling, TE Bergan, JJ AF Murray, JD Brennan, FJ Hall, LD Berry, JM Hatter, DG Hemp, JR Reeves, TR Velling, TE Bergan, JJ TI Left iliac vein occlusion: Its clinical spectrum SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS; DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS; THERAPY AB The cases reported here demonstrate the variability of the clinical manifestations of left common iliac venous occlusive disease. In each instance, therapy must be adjusted to meet the symptomatic needs of the individual patient. The experience reported here should reinforce the fact that occlusions even 25 months or longer in duration may be reopened. Continuing patency can be enhanced by stent placement. DOI: 10.1007/s100169910098. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Murray, JD (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, 1011 Baldwin Pk Blvd, Baldwin Pk, CA 91706 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 510 EP 516 DI 10.1007/s100169910098 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 349JE UT WOS:000089041300016 PM 10990564 ER PT J AU Fan, XH White, RL Davis, M Becker, RH Strauss, MA Haiman, Z Schneider, DP Gregg, MD Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Boroski, WN Brunner, RJ Chen, B Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Loveday, J Meiksin, A McKay, TA Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, R Okamura, S Pier, JR Sekiguchi, M Shimasaku, E Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Vogeley, MS York, DG AF Fan, XH White, RL Davis, M Becker, RH Strauss, MA Haiman, Z Schneider, DP Gregg, MD Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Lupton, RH Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Boroski, WN Brunner, RJ Chen, B Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Loveday, J Meiksin, A McKay, TA Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, R Okamura, S Pier, JR Sekiguchi, M Shimasaku, E Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Vogeley, MS York, DG TI The discovery of a luminous z=5.80 quasar from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; quasars : individual (SDSSp J104433.04-012502.2) ID SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; LYMAN-ALPHA FOREST; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; BLACK-HOLE; GALAXY; EVOLUTION; OBJECTS; SYSTEM AB We present observations of SDSSp J104433.04-012502.2, a luminous quasar at z = 5.80 discovered from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) multicolor imaging data. This object was selected as an i'-band dropout object, with i* = 21.8 +/- 0.2 and z* = 19.2 +/- 0.1. It has an absolute magnitude M(1450) = -27.2 (H(0) = 50 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), q(0) = 0.5). The spectrum shows a strong and broad Ly alpha emission line, strong Ly alpha forest absorption lines with a mean continuum decrement D(A) = 0.91 and a Lyman limit system at z = 5.72. The spectrum also shows strong O I and Si rv emission lines similar to those of quasars at z less than or similar to 5, suggesting that these metals were produced at a redshift beyond 6. The lack of a Gunn-Peterson trough in the spectrum indicates that the universe is already highly ionized at z similar to 5.8. Using a high-resolution spectrum in the Ly alpha forest region, we place a conservative upper limit on the optical depth because of the Gunn-Peterson effect of tau < 0.5 in regions of minimum absorption. The Ly alpha forest absorption in this object is much stronger than that in quasars at z less than or similar to 5. The object is unresolved in a deep image with excellent seeing, implying that it is unlensed. The black hole mass of this quasar is similar to 3 x 10(9) M. if we assume no lensing amplification and that it is radiating at the Eddington luminosity, implying that it resides in a very massive dark matter halo. The discovery of one quasar at M(1450) < -27 in a survey area of 600 deg(2) is consistent with an extrapolation of the observed luminosity function at lower redshifts. The abundance and evolution of such quasars can provide sensitive tests for models of quasar and galaxy formation. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 68 TC 205 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1167 EP 1174 DI 10.1086/301534 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360LX UT WOS:000089670300001 ER PT J AU Fischer, P McKay, TA Sheldon, E Connolly, A Stebbins, A Frieman, JA Jain, B Joffre, M Johnston, D Bernstein, G Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Carr, MA Csabai, I Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hull, C Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Limmongkol, S Lupton, RH Munn, JA Nash, T Newberg, HJ Owen, R Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Smith, JA Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Weinberg, DH York, DG AF Fischer, P McKay, TA Sheldon, E Connolly, A Stebbins, A Frieman, JA Jain, B Joffre, M Johnston, D Bernstein, G Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Carr, MA Csabai, I Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hull, C Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Limmongkol, S Lupton, RH Munn, JA Nash, T Newberg, HJ Owen, R Pier, JR Rockosi, CM Schneider, DP Smith, JA Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Weinberg, DH York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Weak lensing with Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data: The galaxy-mass correlation function to 1 h(-l) Mpc SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : halos; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe ID HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; PHOTOMETRY; REDSHIFTS; EVOLUTION; SPACE AB We present measurements of galaxy-galaxy weak lensing from 225 deg(2) of early commissioning imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We measure a mean tangential shear around a stacked sample of foreground galaxies in three bandpasses (g', r', and i') out to angular radii of 600", detecting the shear signal at very high statistical significance. The shear profile is well described by a power law gamma(T) = gamma(TO)(1/theta)", with best-fit slope of eta = 0.7-1.1 (95% confidence). In the range theta = 10"-600", the mean tangential shear is approximately 6 +/- 1 x 10(-4) in all three bands. A variety of rigorous tests demonstrate the reality of the gravitational lensing signal and confirm the uncertainty estimates. In particular, we obtain shear measurements consistent with zero when we rotate the background galaxies by 45 degrees, replace foreground galaxies with random points, or replace foreground galaxies with bright stars. We interpret our results by assuming that all matter correlated with galaxies belongs to the galaxies. We model the mass distributions of the foreground glaxies, which have a mean luminosity [L(theta < 5")] = 8.7 +/- 0.7 x 10(9) h(-2) L-g'circle dot,1.4 +/- 0.12 x 10(10) h(-2) L-r'circle dot, 1.8 +/- 0.14 x 10(10) h(-2) L-i'circle dot, as approximately isothermal spheres characterized by a velocity dispersion a, and a truncation radius s. The velocity dispersion is constrained to be sigma(v) = 150-190 km s(-1) at 95% confidence (145-195 km s(-1) including systematic uncertainties), consistent with previous determinations but with smaller error bars. Our detection of shear at large angular radii sets a 95% confidence lower limit s > 140", corresponding to a physical radius of 260 h(-1) kpc, implying that the dark halos of typical luminous galaxies extend to very large radii. However, it is likely that this is being systematically biased to large value by diffuse matter in the halos of groups and clusters of galaxies. We also present a preliminary determination of the galaxy-mass correlation function, finding a correlation length similar to the galaxy autocorrelation function and consistency with a low matter density universe with modest bias. The full SDSS will cover an area 44 times larger and provide spectroscopic redshifts for the foreground galaxies, making it possible to improve greatly the precision of these constraints, to measure additional parameters such as halo shape and halo concentration, and to measure the properties of dark matter halos separately for many different classes of galaxies. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Fischer, P (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 45 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1198 EP 1208 DI 10.1086/301540 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360LX UT WOS:000089670300004 ER PT J AU Monet, DG Fisher, MD Liebert, J Canzian, B Harris, HC Reid, IN AF Monet, DG Fisher, MD Liebert, J Canzian, B Harris, HC Reid, IN TI A survey for faint stars of large proper motion using extra POSSII plates SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; Galaxy : halo; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; subdwarfs; white dwarfs ID WHITE-DWARF STARS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; LOW-RESOLUTION; SKY SURVEY; AGE AB We have conducted a search for new stars of high proper motion (greater than or equal to 0 ".4 yr(-1)) using POSS II fields, for which an extra IIIa-F (red) plate of good quality exists, along with usable IIIa-J (blue) and IV-N (infrared) plates taken at epochs differing by a minimum of 1.5 yr. Thirty-five fields at Galactic latitudes \ b \ greater than or equal to 20 degrees were measured, covering some 1378 deg(2), or 3.3% of the sky. Searches with three plate combinations, as well as all four plates, were also made. Seven new stars were found with mu greater than or equal to 0 ".15 yr(-1), which were therefore missed in the Luyten Half Second catalog (LHS). One of these is a common proper-motion binary consisting of two subdwarf M stars; another is a cool white dwarf with probable halo kinematics. As a test of our completeness-and of our ability to test that of Luyten- 216 of 230 cataloged high proper motion stars were recovered by the software, or 94%. Reasons for incompleteness of the LHS are discussed, such as the simple fact that POSS II plates have deeper limiting magnitudes and greater overlap than did POSS I. Nonetheless, our results suggest that the LHS is closer to 90% complete than recent estimates in the literature (e.g., 60%), and we propose a reason to account for one such lower estimate, The conclusion that the LHS catalog is more complete has implications for the nature of the halo dark matter. In particular, it strengthens the constraint on the local density of halo stars, especially white dwarfs at M-V similar to + 17 to + 18. C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Monet, DG (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1541 EP 1547 DI 10.1086/301530 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360LX UT WOS:000089670300029 ER PT J AU Elias, NM Koch, RH AF Elias, NM Koch, RH TI Photospheric spots and a chromospheric place on V523 Cassiopeiae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : eclipsing; stars : individual (V523 Cassiopeiae); stars : late-type; stars : spots ID LIGHT AB The cool, overcontact, close binary, V523 Cassiopeiae was observed with the 1 m reflector at the US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station. The photometry was very good, with a precision on the order of a few millimagnitudes, but not numerous enough for complete light-curve analyses (e.g., differential corrections). A conventional published synthesis has been found acceptable as a fiducial model, and most of the observational weight has been used to develop a spot model for the stars and to support the validity of theoretical limb-darkening coefficients. Both photospheres and chromospheres contribute to the model. This result indicates that multifilter measures of this and similarly cool binaries are necessary for fuller descriptions of stellar activity cycles. A number of newly determined times of minimum light solidify the published rate of period variability. C1 USN Observ, USN Prototype Opt Interferometer, Astrometry Dept, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Penn, Flower & Cook Observ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Elias, NM (reprint author), USN Observ, USN Prototype Opt Interferometer, Astrometry Dept, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1548 EP 1553 DI 10.1086/301517 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360LX UT WOS:000089670300030 ER PT J AU York, DG Adelman, J Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bakken, JA Barkhouser, R Bastian, S Berman, E Boroski, WN Bracker, S Briegel, C Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Carr, MA Castander, FJ Chen, B Colestock, PL Connolly, AJ Crocker, JH Csabai, I Czarapata, PC Davis, JE Doi, M Dombeck, T Eisenstein, D Ellman, N Elms, BR Evans, ML Fan, XH Federwitz, GR Fiscelli, L Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK de Haas, E Haldeman, M Harris, FH Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Holm, S Holmgren, DJ Huang, CH Hull, C Husby, D Ichikawa, S Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kim, RSJ Kinney, E Klaene, M Kleinman, AN Kleinman, S Knapp, GR Korienek, J Kron, RG Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Lee, B Leger, RF Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, C Long, DC Loomis, C Loveday, J Lucinio, R Lupton, RH MacKinnon, B Mannery, EJ Mantsch, PM Margon, B McGehee, P McKay, TA Meiksin, A Merelli, A Monet, DG Munn, JA Narayanan, VK Nash, T Neilsen, E Neswold, R Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nonino, M Okada, N Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Pauls, AG Peoples, J Peterson, RL Petravick, D Pier, JR Pope, A Pordes, R Prosapio, A Rechenmacher, R Quinn, TR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rivetta, CH Rockosi, CM Ruthmansdorfer, K Sandford, D Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Sekiguchi, M Sergey, G Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Smee, S Smith, JA Snedden, S Stone, R Stoughton, C Strauss, MA Stubbs, C SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Wang, SI Watanabe, M Weinberg, DH Yanny, B Yasuda, N AF York, DG Adelman, J Anderson, JE Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bakken, JA Barkhouser, R Bastian, S Berman, E Boroski, WN Bracker, S Briegel, C Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Carr, MA Castander, FJ Chen, B Colestock, PL Connolly, AJ Crocker, JH Csabai, I Czarapata, PC Davis, JE Doi, M Dombeck, T Eisenstein, D Ellman, N Elms, BR Evans, ML Fan, XH Federwitz, GR Fiscelli, L Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK de Haas, E Haldeman, M Harris, FH Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Holm, S Holmgren, DJ Huang, CH Hull, C Husby, D Ichikawa, S Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kim, RSJ Kinney, E Klaene, M Kleinman, AN Kleinman, S Knapp, GR Korienek, J Kron, RG Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Lee, B Leger, RF Limmongkol, S Lindenmeyer, C Long, DC Loomis, C Loveday, J Lucinio, R Lupton, RH MacKinnon, B Mannery, EJ Mantsch, PM Margon, B McGehee, P McKay, TA Meiksin, A Merelli, A Monet, DG Munn, JA Narayanan, VK Nash, T Neilsen, E Neswold, R Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nonino, M Okada, N Okamura, S Ostriker, JP Owen, R Pauls, AG Peoples, J Peterson, RL Petravick, D Pier, JR Pope, A Pordes, R Prosapio, A Rechenmacher, R Quinn, TR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rivetta, CH Rockosi, CM Ruthmansdorfer, K Sandford, D Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Sekiguchi, M Sergey, G Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Smee, S Smith, JA Snedden, S Stone, R Stoughton, C Strauss, MA Stubbs, C SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Wang, SI Watanabe, M Weinberg, DH Yanny, B Yasuda, N CA SDSS Collaboration TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical summary SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; instrumentation : miscellaneous ID SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; SDSS FILTERS; GALAXIES; SYSTEM; STARS; PHOTOMETRY; DISCOVERY; EMISSION; QSOS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will provide the data to support detailed investigations of the distribution of luminous and nonluminous matter in the universe: a photometrically and astrometrically calibrated digital imaging survey of pi sr above about Galactic latitude 30 degrees in five broad optical bands to a depth of g' similar to 23 mag, and a spectroscopic survey of the approximately 10(6) brightest galaxies and 10(5) brightest quasars found in the photometric object catalog produced by the imaging survey. This paper summarizes the observational parameters and data products of the SDSS and serves as an introduction to extensive technical on-line documentation. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Merrill Lynch Japan Inc, Tokyo 100, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Osserv Astron Trieste, Div Astron & Astrofis, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP York, DG (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Nonino, Mario/0000-0001-6342-9662; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 45 TC 5245 Z9 5276 U1 9 U2 73 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1579 EP 1587 DI 10.1086/301513 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 360LX UT WOS:000089670300033 ER PT J AU Karovska, M Wood, B Cook, JW Chen, J Howard, R AF Karovska, M Wood, B Cook, JW Chen, J Howard, R TI High angular resolution studies of coronal structures with SOHO SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th UN/ESA Workshop on Basic Space Science: Scientific Exploration from Space CY MAR 13-17, 1999 CL AL AL BAYT UNIV, MAFRAQ, JORDAN SP UN, ESA HO AL AL BAYT UNIV ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; LASCO; HOLES; JETS; EIT AB Since January 1996, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has been providing unprecedented views of the extended solar corona to heliocentric distances of up to 32 solar radii. During the past three years we carried out studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of various structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT). We have applied advanced image resolution enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in the solar corona. We describe here the results from these high-angular resolution studies, including of the kinematics of several Coronal Mass Ejections and polar jets. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karovska, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 273 IS 1-4 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1023/A:1002635622083 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 366CN UT WOS:000089987400003 ER PT J AU Weiss, DK AF Weiss, DK TI Naval aviator with pituitary prolactin secreting microadenoma: Case report and aeromedical concerns SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE prolactinoma; microadenoma; bromocryptine; hyper-prolactinemia ID NATURAL-HISTORY; ADENOMAS; APOPLEXY; BROMOCRIPTINE; TUMORS; MICROPROLACTINOMAS; MEN AB The potential complications of a large anterior pituitary tumor, including tumor mass effect and the effects of abnormal hormonal regulation, can result in sudden incapacitation and are potentially life threatening. Tumor mass effects include visual disturbances due to compression of the optic chiasm and altered hormonal secretion due to compromised portions of the normal anterior pituitary. Additionally, the tumor may outgrow its own blood supply causing infarction or hemorrhage. Bromocryptine is the primary medication used to treat prolactinomas. Potential side effects of bromocryptine include headaches, orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal effects, and psychosis. The effects of long standing untreated hyperprolactinemia are reduced testosterone, frequent headaches, and decreased bone density. This is the case report and discussion concerning a male naval helicopter pilot diagnosed with a relatively small pituitary microadenoma during an evaluation for primary infertility. Detailed discussion of aeromedical concerns, risks, and related cases is presented. This case was reviewed by a Special Board of Flight Surgeons at the Naval Aeromedical and Operational Institute resulting in the first U.S. Navy flight waiver for a patient with a microadenoma to continue on active flight status. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. RP Weiss, DK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, 870 Cabrillo Ave, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 71 IS 9 BP 935 EP 938 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 349RC UT WOS:000089058500010 PM 11001348 ER PT J AU Palinkas, LA Gunderson, EKE Johnson, JC Holland, AW AF Palinkas, LA Gunderson, EKE Johnson, JC Holland, AW TI Behavior and performance on long-duration spaceflights: Evidence from analogue environments SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Factors in Space CY JUL 07-09, 1999 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Space Life Sci, Strateg Planning Working Grp, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan DE Antarctica; behavior and performance; extreme environments; manned spaceflight ID SEASONAL AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; SOCIAL SUPPORT; ANTARCTICA; STRESS; DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE AB Background: Analyses of data collected in Antarctica since 1963 were conducted to identify features of behavior and performance likely to occur during long-duration missions in space. Methods: The influence of mission duration and station latitude on POMS mood scores was examined in 450 American men and women who wintered-over in Antarctica between 1991 and 1998. The influence of crewmember social characteristics, personality traits, interpersonal needs, and station environments on measures of behavior and performance at the end of the austral winter was examined in 657 American men who wintered-over between 1963 and 1974. Both data sets were used to examine the influence of crew social structure on individual performance. Results: Seasonal variations in mood appear to be associated with the altered diurnal cycle and psychological segmentation of the mission. Concurrent measures of personality, interpersonal needs, and coping styles are better predictors of depressed mood and peer-supervisor performance evaluations than baseline measures because of the unique features of the station social and physical environments and the absence of resources typically used to cope with stress elsewhere. individuals in crews with a clique structure report significantly more depression, anxiety, anger, fatigue and confusion than individuals in crews with a core-periphery structure. Depressed mood is inversely associated with severity of station physical environment, supporting the existence of a positive or "salutogenic" effect for individuals seeking challenging experiences in extreme environments. Conclusion: Behavior and performance on long-duration spaceflights is likely to be seasonal or cyclical, situational, social, and salutogenic. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Studies, Greenville, NC USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Palinkas, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 71 IS 9 SU S BP A29 EP A36 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 350VG UT WOS:000089121400007 PM 10993306 ER PT J AU Rupert, AH AF Rupert, AH TI Tactile situation awareness system: Proprioceptive prostheses for sensory deficiencies SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Human Factors in Space CY JUL 07-09, 1999 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Space Life Sci, Strateg Planning Working Grp, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan DE spatial disorientation; situation awareness; orientation; prosthesis AB Pilots and astronauts do not experience spatial disorientation in normal day-to-day terrestrial activities. On the ground, the perception of position and motion is determined by central nervous system integration of concordant and redundant information ii-om multiple sensory channels (somatosensory, vestibular and visual) which collectively yield veridical perceptions. In the acceleration environments experienced by pilots and astronauts, the somatosensory and vestibular senses frequently present false but concordant information concerning the direction of gravity or down. When presented with conflicting sensory stimuli, it is normal for pilots and astronauts to experience episodes of disorientation. Visual instruments and displays developed over the past 70 yr have not solved the problem. A simple solution to maintain spatial orientation is to provide true information using the same sensory channels we use so successfully on Earth. Methods: The Tactile Situation Awareness System (TSAS) developed by NASA and the U.S. Navy uses a matrix of mechanical tactile stimulators (tactors applied on the torso and limbs to convey orientation cues (e.g., gravity vector) in an intuitive fashion to the skin. A series of in-flight experiments to validate and test a variety of tactile displays and concepts has been carried out in both helicopters and fixed wing aircraft. Results: Pilots were able to fly complex maneuvers with no instruments or outside visual references (blindfolded) with less than 20 min of training. Recovery from unusual attitudes solely by tactile cues was trivial. Lab tests have shown the TSAS improves performance under conditions of high workload. Conclusions. When orientation information is presented via intuitive tactile displays spatial orientation is easily maintained in altered sensory conditions including unusual acceleration environments. C1 USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Rupert, AH (reprint author), USN, Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Pensacola, FL 32508 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 71 IS 9 SU S BP A92 EP A99 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 350VG UT WOS:000089121400018 PM 10993317 ER PT J AU Lu, ST Mathur, SP Stuck, B Zwick, H D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Merritt, JH Lutty, G McLeod, DS Johnson, M AF Lu, ST Mathur, SP Stuck, B Zwick, H D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Merritt, JH Lutty, G McLeod, DS Johnson, M TI Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the rhesus monkey SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE electroretinogram; retinal angiogram; fundus photograph; retinal histopathology ID SODIUM IODATE INJECTION; INDUCED CATARACT; PRIMATE EYE; B-WAVE; ELECTRORETINOGRAM; LUMINANCE; ISCHEMIA; EXPOSURE; INVITRO; RABBIT AB We studied the retinal effects of 1.25 GHz high peak power microwaves in Rhesus monkeys. Preexposure fundus photographs, retinal angiograms, and electroretinograms (ERG) were obtained to screen for normal ocular structure and function and, after exposure, as endpoints of the study. Histopathology of the retina was an additional endpoint. Seventeen monkeys were randomly assigned to receive sham exposure or pulsed microwave exposures. Microwaves were delivered anteriorly to the face at 0, 4.3, 8.4, or 20.2 W/kg spatially and temporally averaged retinal specific absorption rates (R-SAR). The pulse characteristics were 1.04MW (approximate to 1.30 MW/kg temporal peak R-SAR), 5.59 mu s pulse length at 0, 0.59, 1.18, and 2.79 Hz pulse repetition rates. Exposure was 4 h per day and 3 days per week for 3 weeks, for a total of nine exposures. The preexposure and postexposure fundus pictures and angiograms were all within normal limits. The response of cone photoreceptors to light flash was enhanced in monkeys exposed at 8.4 or 20.2 W/kg R-SAR, but not in monkeys exposed at 4.3 W/kg R-SAR. Scotopic (rod) response, maximum (combined cone and rod) response, and Naka-Rushton R-max and log K of scotopic b-waves were all within normal range. Retinal histopathology revealed the presence of enhanced glycogen storage in photoreceptors among sham (2/5), 8.4 W/kg (3/3), and 20.2 W/kg (2/5) exposed monkeys, while enhanced glycogen storage was not observed in the 4.3 W/kg (0/4) exposed group. Supranormal cone photoreceptor b-wave was R-SAR dependent and may be an early indicator of mild injury. However no evidence of degenerative changes and ERG depression was seen. We concluded that retinal injury is very unlikely at 3 W/kg. Functional changes that occur at higher R-SAR are probably reversible since we saw no evidence of histopathologic correlation with ERG changes. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USA, MCMR, McKessonHBOC BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Ctr Eye Care, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lu, ST (reprint author), USA, MCMR, McKessonHBOC BioServ, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2000 VL 21 IS 6 BP 439 EP 454 DI 10.1002/1521-186X(200009)21:6<439::AID-BEM4>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 16 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 348EF UT WOS:000088972000004 PM 10972948 ER PT J AU Beck, TJ Ruff, CB Shaffer, RA Betsinger, K Trone, DW Brodine, SK AF Beck, TJ Ruff, CB Shaffer, RA Betsinger, K Trone, DW Brodine, SK TI Stress fracture in military recruits: Gender differences in muscle and bone susceptibility factors SO BONE LA English DT Article DE bone mass; bone geometry; bone strength; muscle strength; muscle size; stress fracture susceptibility; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); gender differences in bone strength ID POSTCRANIAL ROBUSTICITY; RISK-FACTORS; MASS; ABSORPTIOMETRY; INERTIA; MOMENT; HOMO AB A total of 693 female U.S. Marine Corps recruits were studied with anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the midthigh and distal third of the lower leg prior to a 12 week physical training program, In this group, 37 incident stress fracture cases were radiologically confirmed, Female data were compared with male data from an earlier study of 626 Marine recruits extended with additional cases for a total of 38 stress fracture cases. Using DXA data, hone structural geometry and cortical dimensions were derived at scan locations and muscle cross-sectional area was computed at the midthigh, Measurements were compared within gender between pooled fracture cases and controls after excluding subjects diagnosed with shin splints. In both genders, fracture cases were less physically fit, and had smaller thigh muscles compared with controls. After correction for height and weight, section moduli (Z) and bone strength indices (Z/bone length) of the femur and tibia were significantly smaller in fracture cases of both genders, but patterns differed, Female cases had thinner cortices and lower areal bone mineral density (BMD), whereas male cases had externally narrower bones but similar cortical thicknesses and areal BMDs compared with controls. In both genders, differences in fitness, muscle, and bone parameters suggest poor skeletal adaptation in fracture cases due to inadequate physical conditioning prior to training, To determine whether bent! and muscle strength parameters differed between genders, all data were pooled and adjusted for height and weight, In both the tibia and femur, men had significantly larger section moduli and bone strength indices than women, although women had higher tibia hut lower femur areal BMDs. Female bones, on average, were narrower and had thinner cortices (not significant in the femur, p = 0.07), Unlike the hone geometry differences, thigh muscle cross-sectional areas were virtually identical to those of the men, suggesting that the muscles of the women were not relatively weaker. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USN, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Sci, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Beck, TJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Outpatient Ctr, Dept Radiol, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 27 TC 140 Z9 143 U1 5 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD SEP PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00342-2 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 354DE UT WOS:000089313900017 PM 10962357 ER PT J AU Madison, RD AF Madison, RD TI Sea and stage in 'Edward III' SO CEA CRITIC LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Madison, RD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEA PUBLICATIONS PI YOUNGSTOWN PA YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIV DEPT ENGL, YOUNGSTOWN, OH 44555-001 USA SN 0007-8069 J9 CEA CRITIC JI CEA Crit. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 63 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 PG 7 WC Literature SC Literature GA 403TQ UT WOS:000167058900003 ER PT J AU Larabee, MD AF Larabee, MD TI 'A funny piece of water': The altered seascape of Joseph Conrad's Gulf of Siam SO CEA CRITIC LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Larabee, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEA PUBLICATIONS PI YOUNGSTOWN PA YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIV DEPT ENGL, YOUNGSTOWN, OH 44555-001 USA SN 0007-8069 J9 CEA CRITIC JI CEA Crit. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 63 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 PG 11 WC Literature SC Literature GA 403TQ UT WOS:000167058900006 ER PT J AU Blakely, JN Gauthier, DJ Johnson, G Carroll, TL Pecora, LM AF Blakely, JN Gauthier, DJ Johnson, G Carroll, TL Pecora, LM TI Experimental investigation of high-quality synchronization of coupled oscillators SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; STABILITY; ATTRACTOR; NOISE; BIFURCATIONS; SADDLE AB We describe two experiments in which we investigate the synchronization of coupled periodic oscillators. Each experimental system consists of two identical coupled electronic periodic oscillators that display bursts of desynchronization events similar to those observed previously in coupled chaotic systems. We measure the degree of synchronization as a function of coupling strength. In the first experiment, high-quality synchronization is achieved for all coupling strengths above a critical value. In the second experiment, no high-quality synchronization is observed. We compare our results to the predictions of the several proposed criteria for synchronization. We find that none of the criteria accurately predict the range of coupling strengths over which high-quality synchronization is observed. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1054-1500(00)01203-9]. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Nonlinear & Complex Syst, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Blakely, JN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Box 90305, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM jonathan.blakely@duke.edu RI Gauthier, Daniel/G-1336-2011; OI Gauthier, Daniel/0000-0002-4473-217X; Blakely, Jonathan/0000-0002-9772-582X; Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 738 EP 744 AR PII [S1054-1500(00)01203-9] DI 10.1063/1.1286996 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 352BK UT WOS:000089194500025 ER PT J AU Moss, RB Giermakowska, W Wallace, MR Savary, J Jensen, F Carlo, DJ AF Moss, RB Giermakowska, W Wallace, MR Savary, J Jensen, F Carlo, DJ TI T-helper-cell proliferative responses to whole-killed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and p24 antigens of different clades in HIV-1-infected subjects vaccinated with HIV-1 immunogen (Remune) SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE-C; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INACTIVATED HIV-1; RITONAVIR; INFECTION; DISEASE AB The discovery of multiple subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) worldwide has created new challenges for the development of both therapeutic and preventive AIDS vaccines. We examined T-helper proliferative responses to HIV-1 clade A, B, C, G, and E whole-killed virus and to HIV-1 clade G and B core (p24) antigens in HIV-1-infected subjects taking potent antiviral drugs who received HIV immunogen (Remune) therapeutic vaccination. Subjects who were immunized mounted strong proliferative responses to both whole virus and core antigens of the different clades. These results suggest that a whole-killed immunogen may have broad applications as a therapeutic as well as a preventive vaccine in the current multiclade HIV-1 pandemic. C1 Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. USN Hosp, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Moss, RB (reprint author), Immune Response Corp, 5935 Darwin Court, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 724 EP 727 DI 10.1128/CDLI.7.5.724-727.2000 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 352UC UT WOS:000089235400002 PM 10973444 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Goswami, PR Malasig, MD Hawksworth, AW Trump, DH Ryan, MA Schnurr, DP AF Gray, GC Goswami, PR Malasig, MD Hawksworth, AW Trump, DH Ryan, MA Schnurr, DP CA Adenovirus Surveillance Grp TI Adult adenovirus infections: Loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID US-ARMY TRAINEES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOME TYPES; LIVE TYPE-7; OUTBREAK; RECRUITS; BIOTERRORISM; JAPAN; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION AB Adenovirus vaccines have greatly reduced military respiratory disease morbidity since the 1970s, However, in 1995, for economic reasons, the sole manufacturer of these vaccines ceased production. A population-based adenovirus surveillance was established among trainees with acute respiratory illness at 4 US military training centers as the last stores of vaccines were depleted. From October 1996 to June 1998, 1814 (53.1%) of 3413 throat cultures for symptomatic trainees (78% men) yielded adenovirus. Adenovirus types 4, 7, 3, and 21 accounted for 57%, 25%, 9%, and 7% of the isolates, respectively. Unvaccinated trainees were much more likely than vaccinated trainees to be positive for types 4 or 7 (odds ratio [OR] = 28.1; 95% CI, 20.2-39.2), Two training centers experienced epidemics of respiratory disease affecting thousands of trainees when vaccines were not available. Until a new manufacturer is identified, the loss of orphaned adenovirus vaccines will result in thousands of additional preventable adenovirus infections. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 76 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1086/313999 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368GB UT WOS:000090108400005 PM 11017812 ER PT J AU Walter, EA Gilliam, B Delmar, JA Spooner, K Morris, JT Aronson, N Wegner, SA Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL AF Walter, EA Gilliam, B Delmar, JA Spooner, K Morris, JT Aronson, N Wegner, SA Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL TI Clinical implications of identifying non-B subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 MONITOR TEST; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; PLASMA; RNA; QUANTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE AB Although human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) infection in the United States has predominantly involved subtype B, increasing global travel is leading to wider dissemination of genetically heterogeneous subtypes, While physicians depend on HIV-1 viral load measurements to guide antiretroviral therapy, commonly used molecular assays may underestimate the viral load of patients with non-B subtypes, Nine patients with non-B subtypes of HIV-1 were identified by physicians who suspected a non-B subtype on the basis of a low or undetectable HIV-I viral load, by the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test, version 1.0, in conjunction with either a declining CD4 cell count or history of travel outside the United States. Use of version 1.5 of the Amplicor HIV-I Monitor test detected a median HIV-1 viral load that was 2.0 log(10) RNA copies/ml higher than was determined with version 1.0, Clinical management was altered in all eases after diagnosis of a non-B-subtype infection. These cases demonstrate that it is critical for physicians to suspect and diagnose non-B subtypes of HIV-1 so that an assay with reliable subtype performance can be used to guide antiretroviral therapy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Walter, EA (reprint author), Dept Infect Dis, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1086/314044 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368GB UT WOS:000090108400026 PM 11017832 ER PT J AU Schneider, J Gilford, S AF Schneider, J Gilford, S TI Part IV. The chiropractor's role in pain management for oncology patients SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Article ID CARE C1 USN Hosp, Chiropract Div Sports Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. USN Hosp, Chiropract Clin, Camp Pendleton, CA USA. RP Schneider, J (reprint author), USN Hosp, Chiropract Div Sports Med, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 5 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0147-0272(00)90001-1 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365TR UT WOS:000089967000002 ER PT J AU Abbott, C AF Abbott, C TI Part V. Nutritional counseling SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Review ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; WEIGHT-GAIN; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; DIETARY-FAT; UNITED-STATES; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; MEAT INTAKE; FOLLOW-UP C1 USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Abbott, C (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 138 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 5 BP 243 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S0147-0272(00)90002-3 PG 25 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365TR UT WOS:000089967000003 ER PT J AU Girardin, DW AF Girardin, DW TI Part VI. Implications for spirituality with oncology patients SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Girardin, DW (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 5 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0147-0272(00)90003-5 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365TR UT WOS:000089967000004 ER PT J AU Ries, A Singson, P Bidus, N Barnes, JGO AF Ries, A Singson, P Bidus, N Barnes, JGO TI Use of the endometrial pipelle in the diagnosis of early abnormal gestations SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; endometrial biopsy; ectopic; endometrial pipelle ID SINGLE-DOSE METHOTREXATE; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; VABRA ASPIRATOR; BIOPSY; CARCINOMA; CURETTAGE; DEVICE AB Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the endometrial pipelle (Unimar, Wilton, CT) in detecting intrauterine chorionic villi, as compared to standard suction dilation and curettage (D and C). Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: U. S. Navy Hospital near Tokyo, Japan. Small community hospital. Patient(s): All patients presenting for the surgical management of an early abnormal gestation were enrolled prospectively. The patient's age, gravidy, parity, estimated gestational age (EGA), diagnosis, preoperative beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) level, and preoperative transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) data were recorded. Intervention(s): An endometrial biopsy was performed in the operating room prior to standard suction dilatation and curettage (D and C). Main Outcome Measure(s): The presence of chorionic villi in the endometrial biopsy and curettage specimens were recorded for each patient. Result(s): The sensitivity of the endometrial pipelle in detecting intrauterine chorionic villi was 63% and the specificity was 80%. Conclusion(s): In the diagnosis of an early abnormal gestation, particularly in excluding an ectopic pregnancy, it would be ideal to replace the more invasive D and C with the outpatient endometrial biopsy in detecting intrauterine chorionic villi. However, the limited sensitivity of the endometrial biopsy limits its application in this clinical scenario. Our results compare with two previous studies and add to the limited patient database on this topic. (Fertil Steril(R) 2000;74:593-5. (C) 2000 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.). C1 USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, FPO, AP 96350 USA. RP Ries, A (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, PSC 475 Box 1453, FPO, AP 96350 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 74 IS 3 BP 593 EP 595 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)00683-X PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 353BV UT WOS:000089254600029 PM 10973661 ER PT J AU Conway, RR Summers, ME Stevens, MH Cardon, JG Preusse, P Offermann, D AF Conway, RR Summers, ME Stevens, MH Cardon, JG Preusse, P Offermann, D TI Satellite observations of upper stratospheric and mesospheric OH: The HOx dilemma SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID H2O; OZONE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; O-3 AB We report the first observations of the vertical distribution of hydroxyl (OH) from the upper stratosphere to the mesopause, The Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) made these measurements in August 1997. The data confirm the results from the earlier November 1994 MAHRSI mission that were confined to altitudes above 50 km, namely that mesospheric OH densities are 25 to 35% lower than predicted by standard photochemical theory, However, the new observations show that below 50 km the OH density increases rapidly and at 43 km altitude it is larger than that expected from standard theory. This represents a serious dilemma for our understanding of odd-hydrogen chemistry because the same key reactions are thought to dominate OH/HO2 partitioning in both regions. We show that neither standard photochemical theory nor any previously proposed changes are adequate to explain the OH observations in both the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Conway, RR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; OI Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-1082-8955 NR 18 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2613 EP 2616 DI 10.1029/2000GL011698 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 353BW UT WOS:000089254700007 ER PT J AU Kleidman, RG Kaufman, YJ Gao, BC Remer, LA Brackett, VG Ferrare, RA Browell, EV Ismail, S AF Kleidman, RG Kaufman, YJ Gao, BC Remer, LA Brackett, VG Ferrare, RA Browell, EV Ismail, S TI Remote sensing of total precipitable water vapor in the near-IR over ocean glint SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT; AEROSOL AB A method for remote sensing of total precipitable water vapor using water vapor absorption band at 0.94 mu m was previously developed for continental regions. Here we apply a similar technique for ocean areas over the glint region. The glint, or oceanic specular reflection, has a high value of surface reflectance and thus, can work as well as or better than applications over land regions. The method is applied for glint regions measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) simulator, an imager flown on the NASA. ER-2 research aircraft and simulating the expected measurements from the MODIS instrument on board the Earth Observing System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The measurements are made for the Atlantic coast of the United States during the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX). The remote sensing technique is compared with measurements of water vapor column by the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) Differential Infrared Absorption Lidar (DIAL) lidar system also on board the ER-2. Water vapor was derived with an error of +/-5 mm PW (precipitable water vapor). Most of the errors are associated with the limitations of an experiment that was not originally designed for this purpose. Much better performance is expected from the actual MODIS instrument. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SAIC, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Kleidman, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2657 EP 2660 DI 10.1029/1999GL011156 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 353BW UT WOS:000089254700018 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ AF Kim, YJ TI A physical-model-based, field-wise and self-contained algorithm for removing directional ambiguities of ocean surface winds retrieved from scatterometer measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE FIELDS AB An algorithm is introduced to remove the directional ambiguities in ocean surface winds measured by scatterometers, which requires scatterometer data only. It is based on two Versions of PBL (planetary boundary layer) models and a lowpass filter. A pressure field is first derived from the median-filtered scatterometer winds, is then noise-filtered, and is finally converted back to the winds, respectively, by an inverted PBL model, a smoothing algorithm, and a PBL model. The derived wind field is used to remove the directional ambiguities in the scatterometer data. This new algorithm is applied to Hurricane Eugene and produces results comparable to those from the current standard ambiguity removal algorithm for NASA/JPL SeaWinds project, which requires external numerical weather forecast/analyses data. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Global Modeling Sect, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2665 EP 2668 DI 10.1029/2000GL011519 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 353BW UT WOS:000089254700020 ER PT J AU Shriver, JF Hurlburt, HE AF Shriver, JF Hurlburt, HE TI The effect of upper ocean eddies on the non-steric contribution to the barotropic mode SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; EDDY; DYNAMICS AB The non-steric contribution to sea surface height (SSH) variability hampers the use of satellite altimeter data in mapping steric-related variability. Here, two eddy-resolving 1/16 degrees world ocean simulations are used to investigate the effects of mesoscale flow instabilities on the non-steric (or abyssal ocean) contribution to the global barotropic mode. Model results show the non-steric component accounting for > 50% of the total SSH variability over 37% of the world ocean in the model, predominantly at mid and high latitudes. Most of this is either wind-driven and deterministic or eddy-driven and nondeterministic. Upper ocean flow instabilities drive deep flows and generate non-steric SSH variability maxima (5 - 10 cm rms or more) in many major current systems throughout the world ocean. Resulting ocean anomalies are a nondeterministic response to atmospheric forcing and an eddy-resolving data-assimilative ocean model that demonstrates the essential dynamics is needed to depict their evolution. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shriver, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2713 EP 2716 DI 10.1029/1999GL011105 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 353BW UT WOS:000089254700032 ER PT J AU Gibson, RL Theophanis, S Toksoz, MN AF Gibson, RL Theophanis, S Toksoz, MN TI Physical and numerical modeling of tuning and diffraction in azimuthally anisotropic media SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID P-WAVE VELOCITY; ORTHORHOMBIC MEDIA; VSP DATA; FRACTURE; BORN; INVERSION; FIELD; RAY; SCATTERING; OFFSET AB Fractured reservoirs are an important target for exploration and production geophysics, and the azimuthal anisotropy often associated with these reservoirs can strongly influence seismic wave propagation. We created a physical model of a fractured reservoir to simulate some of these propagation effects. The reservoir is represented by a phenolite disk that is thin with respect to the elastic wavelengths in the experiment, creating model dimensions that are representative of realistic reservoirs. Phenolite is strongly anisotropic with orthorhombic symmetry, which suggests that azimuthal amplitude versus offset (AVO) effects should be obvious in data. We acquired both SH- and P-wave data in common-offset gathers with a near offset and a far offset and found that although the SH-wave data show clear azimuthal variations in AVO, the P-wave signals show no apparent changes with azimuth. We then applied numerical modeling to analyze the data. Because ray methods cannot model diffractions from the disk edge, we first used a ray-Born technique to simulate variations in waveforms associated with such scattering. The synthetic seismograms reproduced variations in the SH-wave waveforms accurately, though the amplitude contrast between acquisition azimuths was overestimated. Assuming a laterally homogeneous model, we then applied ray methods to simulate tuning effects in SH- and P-wave data and confirmed that in spite of the large contrasts in elastic properties, the tuning of the P -wave reflections from the thin disk changed so there was negligible contrast in AVO with azimuth. Models of held scale reservoirs showed that the same effects could be expected for field applications. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. MIT, Earth Resources Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Gibson, RL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, MS 3115, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1613 EP 1621 DI 10.1190/1.1444849 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 364KY UT WOS:000089892600024 ER PT J AU Deffler, J Gavord, P AF Deffler, J Gavord, P TI Achieving cost effective support solutions for the new millenium through the DoD Automatic Test Systems selection process SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB DoD policy is to minimize unique types of Automatic Test Systems (ATS) being introduced into the DoD inventory by using designated DoD families and by encouraging the use of commercial testers that meet defined hardware and software interfaces. This policy has been incorporated into DoD 5000.2-R of 15 March 1996 (with Change 3 of 23 March 1998), which is intended to define an acquisition environment that makes DoD the smartest, most responsive buyer of the best goods or services that meet our warfighters' needs at the best dollar value to the DoD over the life of the product, DoD 5000,2-R policy is implemented in the area of ATS by: 1) leveraging non-recurring investments already made in ATS Families across multiple applications; 2) evolving the capabilities of these Families of ATS by migrating their commercial item content toward industry-wide standards; 3) facilitating intra- and inter-service level interoperability by encouraging common and interoperable support solutions; and 4) encouraging the use of commercial items within ATS Families and as ATS alternatives. To implement this policy, the DoD ATS Executive Agent was chartered to establish and maintain a waiver process for those programs that propose not to use the DoD designated standard families of ATS or commercial testers. Contrary to popular belief, the DoD ATS Selection Process has been established to facilitate the mission of the DoD Program Manager by helping him or her choose the most cost effective ATS solution that fulfills his or her mission support requirements. The DoD ATS family was not established to impose support solutions upon the DoD Program Manager, but rather to provide a variety of available and proven alternatives that may meet their needs while significantly reducing expected life cycle costs. Where obvious cost, schedule, or performance deficiencies exist with DoD family members for supporting a given weapon system, service ATS representatives provide the knowledge and expertise to help identify suitable alternatives. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. San Antonio Air Logist Ctr, ATS PGM Operat Off, Kelly AFB, TX USA. RP Deffler, J (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 IS 9 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1109/62.873471 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 358UM UT WOS:000089575600006 ER PT J AU Capps, M McGregor, D Brutzman, D Zyda, M AF Capps, M McGregor, D Brutzman, D Zyda, M TI NPSNET-V - A new beginning for dynamically extensible virtual environments SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Code CS Cm, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM capps@computer.org; mcgredo@cs.nps.navy.mil; brutzman@nps.navy.mil; zyda@acm.org NR 3 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1109/38.865873 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 347EN UT WOS:000088914600004 ER PT J AU Mullen, LJ Contarino, VM AF Mullen, Linda J. Contarino, V. Michael TI Hybrid Lidar-Radar: Seeing through the Scatter SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Mullen, Linda J.; Contarino, V. Michael] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Mullen, LJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 1 IS 3 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1109/6668.871186 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V32ZK UT WOS:000208988900001 ER PT J AU Cukauskas, EJ Pond, JM Dobisz, EA DeSisto, WJ AF Cukauskas, EJ Pond, JM Dobisz, EA DeSisto, WJ TI Critical current characteristics of YBa2Cu3O7 thin films on (110) SrTiO3 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE high-temperature superconductors; microwave measurements; superconducting films; superconducting materials; superconducting materials measurements ID CU-O; TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; AXIS; AU AB The material and electrical characteristics of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin Rims deposited by inverted cylindrical magnetron sputtering on (110) SrTiO3 (STO) were investigated. X-ray diffractometry shows the grain orientations to be predominantly the YBCO (110) and (103) with no evidence of c-axis grains. Electron micrographs show the film surface to consist of coupled elongated grains parallel to the (110) STO edge. The films were patterned into small 2.5 mm squares parallel to the substrate edges for electrical characterization. Transport currents parallel and perpendicular to the (110) substrate edge showed a 945:1 anisotropy in film resistance and a factor of two in critical current density for temperatures below 60% of the transition temperature (T-c), The temperature dependence of the critical current near T-c was quadratic-like and strongly dependent on the value of T-c used in the analysis. For the two orientations, there was nearly a 6K difference in T-c as determined by the point at which the critical current became zero. The response of the critical current to small magnetic fields was greater for transport current along the c-axis direction and was observable over a temperature interval nearly four times greater than for current along the basal plain. These YBCO thin films have good response to small magnetic fields and are suitable for vortex flow device development. Index Terms-High-temperature superconductors, microwave measurements, superconducting films, superconducting materials, superconducting materials measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cukauskas, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1649 EP 1656 DI 10.1109/77.892146 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 387BZ UT WOS:000166101400003 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Schuler, DL Ainsworth, TL AF Lee, JS Schuler, DL Ainsworth, TL TI Polarimetric SAR data compensation for terrain azimuth slope variation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY DE data compensation; radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID SIGNATURES; IMAGES AB This paper addresses the problem of polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) data correction for changes in radar cross sections, which are caused by azimuth slopes. Most radiometric slope corrections remove slope effects to account for the effective scattering pixel area, However, few studies address the slope effect on the radar cross section as a function of polarization states. We propose two approaches to compensate for this azimuth slope effect for POLSAR data. In the first approach, the digital elevation model (DEM), obtained from interferometric SAR or from other means, is used to estimate orientation angles, and in the second approach, orientation angles are derived directly from the POLSAR data. We have developed three new methods to implement this second approach. One is based on the right-right and left-left circular polarizations, and the other two are based on Cloude's and Huynen's decompositions. The results are compared with the original polarization signature method using the DEM-generated orientation angles as the reference. POLSAR data is then compensated using the derived orientation angles. Significant changes were observed in many elements of the coherency matrix, The compensated POLSAR data should improve the accuracy of geophysical parameter estimation techniques. NASA/JPL AIRSAR data for an area in central California is used for illustration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 159 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2153 EP 2163 DI 10.1109/36.868874 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 357PP UT WOS:000089510300009 ER PT J AU McKeown, W AF McKeown, W TI Differential absorption techniques and radiometric satellite calibration for measuring air-sea interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1999 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY DE heating; infrared measurements; meteorology; remote sensing; sea measurements; sea surface ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER AB he transfer of heat and gas between ocean and atmosphere is a critical parameter for coupled climate models. Surface measurements of these transfers are difficult, expensive, prone to large errors, and based on parameters measured alongside the interface, Although temperature profiles inside the interface itself (topmost millimeter) control air-sea heat flux, measurement of these gradients with fine-wire thermistors is difficult and therefore rare. Recent research has shown that interface temperature profiles can be examined in detail with infrared interferometry by using the frequency variation of water's absorption in the 3.0-5.0 mu m region. Separate theoretical work indicates that sensing a linear interface temperature profile's vertical thickness may be used for remote sensing of gas flux. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington, D.C., experiments show that a two-frequency camera technique can map heat flux variations on waves with root mean square error (RMSE) < 3.1 W/m(2) if a linear interface gradient iis assumed, The U.S. Navy is funding the GOES Air-Sea Interaction Project (GASIP) to radiometrically calibrate the multichannel sea surface temperature (MCSST) using accurate surface radiometry, Scatterometer winds will be added to estimate the skin-bulk. temperature difference Delta T. Since Delta T correlates closely with heat flux, improved spatial and temporal heat flux inputs will go into coupled Naval models. C1 USN, Atlantic Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. RP McKeown, W (reprint author), USN, Atlantic Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2213 EP 2217 DI 10.1109/36.868879 PN 1 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 357PP UT WOS:000089510300014 ER PT J AU Wolf, SA Treger, D AF Wolf, SA Treger, D TI Spintronics: A new paradigm for electronics for the new millennium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) CY APR 09-12, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE non-volatile magnetic memory; spin transport; spintronics ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION AB SPIN TRansport eletrONICS or SPINTRONICS, in which the spin degree of freedom of the electron will play an important role in addition to or in plate of the charge degree of freedom in mainstream electronics will be important as we start the new millennium. The prospects for this new electronics in nonvolatile radiation hard magnetic memory for the Department of Defense (DoD) will be described. C1 DARPA, Def Syst Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Strateg Anal Inc, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Wolf, SA (reprint author), DARPA, Def Syst Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 9 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 2748 EP 2751 DI 10.1109/20.908580 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409EN UT WOS:000167371700194 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Hybrid ferromagnet-semiconductor device for memory and logic SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) CY APR 09-12, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA ID SPIN-POLARIZED TRANSPORT; HALL-EFFECT DEVICE; ELECTRON-GAS; INJECTION; INTERFACE; MAGNETIZATION; METALS; CHARGE AB Magnetoelectronics is a new held that is devoted to the invention and development of electronic device structures that incorporate a ferromagnetic element. The bistable magnetization states of a thin ferromagnetic film can be adapted for integrated digital applications if each magnetization state corresponds, by some appropriate mechanism, to a voltage level. The property of nonvolatility is intrinsic to the magnetization bistability, and a natural functional application of magnetoelectronic devices is memory. More generally, the linearity of inductively coupled "write" currents used to set the magnetic state permit Boolean operations, and magnetoelectronic devices can be thought of as latching Boolean gates" with applications for both memory and Logic. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 2758 EP 2763 DI 10.1109/20.908582 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409EN UT WOS:000167371700196 ER PT J AU Guruswamy, S Loveless, MR Srisukhumbowornchai, N McCarter, MK Teter, JP AF Guruswamy, S Loveless, MR Srisukhumbowornchai, N McCarter, MK Teter, JP TI Processing of Terfenol-D alloy based magnetostrictive composites by dynamic compaction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) CY APR 09-12, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE Terfenol-D; magnetostrictive composites; metal binder; dynamic compaction AB Composites of Terfenol-D with metal binders were produced by explosive compaction. Compacts produced from powders prepared this way had a soft phase and intimate contact and bonding between particles are achieved, M-s/volume follows the expected trend based on the separate M-s/volume values of the constituents added, Magnetostriction of compacts made from mixture of Cu coated terfenol-D powder and Cu powder at a compressive stress of about 18 MPa were 110 x 10(-6) and 195 x 10(-8) prior to and after stress relief anneal at 350 degreesC. This value is about 18% of that obtained with Terfenol-D, Magnetic alignment of powder during compaction can increase this to levels obtained in Terfenol-D-polymer composites, These composites had Young's moduli values in the range of 33-36 GPa and were strong and tough enough to withstand machining operation. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Met Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Min Engn Dept, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, W Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Guruswamy, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Met Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 3219 EP 3222 DI 10.1109/20.908745 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409EN UT WOS:000167371700337 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL AF Clark, AE Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL TI Magnetostrictive properties of body-centered cubic Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Al alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) CY APR 09-12, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE actuator; Fe-Ga; Fe-Ga-Al; magnetostriction; structural materials; transduction AB The magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of Fe1-xGax and Fe1-x-yGaxAly (x + y < 0.3) single crystals were measured under compressive stresses up to 120 MPa and in magnetic fields up to 1 kOe. Values of (100) exceeding 200 ppm were observed in samples of Fe83Ga17 from 180 K to room temperature. Only a small monotonic decrease in magnetostriction with temperature was found. On the other hand, lambda (111) maintained small negative values close to those of b.c.c. Fe. In all cases, no higher order magnetostrictive terms were detectable. With 15 to 20 atomic percent replacement of Fe by Ga, the magnetizations remain high (M-s congruent to 1.8 T) and the magnetic anisotropies reduced (K-1 congruent to 10(4) J/m(3)). Values of the 'stiff' (high magnetic field) Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, Poison's ratio, and elastic constant c(11)-c(12) for Fe85Ga15 at room temperature are, respectively, 77 GPa, 111 GPa, 0.38, and 56 GPa. C1 Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 363 Z9 383 U1 6 U2 65 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 3238 EP 3240 DI 10.1109/20.908752 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409EN UT WOS:000167371700343 ER PT J AU Gerlach, K Steiner, MJ AF Gerlach, K Steiner, MJ TI Fast converging adaptive detection of doppler-shifted, range-distributed targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE adaptive detection; adpative processing; array signal processing; spatio-temporal processing AB A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for the adaptive detection of a target or targets that are doppler-shifted and distributed in range is derived. The unknown parameters associated with the hypothesis test are the complex amplitudes in range of the desired target and the unknown covariance matrix of the additive interference, which is assumed to be characterized as complex zero-mean correlated Gaussian random variables, The target's or targets' complex amplitudes are assumed to be distributed across the entire input data block (sensor x range). The unknown covariance matrix is constrained to have the reasonable form of the identity matrix (the internal noise contribution) plus an unknown positive semidefinite (psdh) matrix (the external interference contribution). It is shown via simulation for a variety of interference scenarios that the new detector has the characteristic of having a bounded constant false alarm rate (CFAR), i.e., for our problem, the probability of false alarm P-F for a given detection threshold is bounded by the P-F that results when no external interference is present. It is also shown via simulation that the new detector converges relatively fast with respect to the number of sample vectors K necessary in order to achieve a given probability of detection P-D. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 2686 EP 2690 DI 10.1109/78.863084 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 346BT UT WOS:000088851100025 ER PT J AU Torcaso, F Ekstrom, CR Burt, EA Matsakis, DN AF Torcaso, F Ekstrom, CR Burt, EA Matsakis, DN TI Estimating the stability of N clocks with correlations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the European-Frequency-and-Time-Forum/IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY APR 13-16, 1999 CL BESANCON, FRANCE SP Soc Francaise Microtechn & Chronometrie, IEEE AB Estimation of an atomic clock's frequency stability, separate from its reference, is often done using a three-cornered hat procedure. A major requirement for the success of this method is that clocks be uncorrelated. If this requirement is not satisfied, the three-cornered hat procedure can lead to misleading or even negative variance estimates. Others have considered this problem and developed an analysis that allows for the possibility of cross correlation between clocks. We have extended and applied these ideas to obtain mathematically consistent frequency stability estimates on atomic clock data from the U. S. Naval Observatory. In addition, we derived an expression for the clock weights that produce a minimum variance combination of clocks in the presence of correlations. C1 Hartford Insurance Grp, Hartford, CT 06115 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Torcaso, F (reprint author), Hartford Insurance Grp, HO-3-10,Hartford Plaza, Hartford, CT 06115 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD SEP PY 2000 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1183 EP 1189 DI 10.1109/58.869064 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 355EE UT WOS:000089372500016 PM 18238659 ER PT J AU Ziemer, RE Welch, TB AF Ziemer, RE Welch, TB TI Equal-gain combining of multichannel DPSK in Doppler-spread Ricean fading SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Doppler spread; equal-gain combining; multichannel reception; Ricean fading; time-selective fading ID ERROR PROBABILITIES; UNIFIED APPROACH; DIVERSITY RECEPTION; CHANNELS; RAYLEIGH; PERFORMANCE AB A method for computing the bit error probability (BEP) of multichannel differentially coherent phase-shift keying (DPSK) with equal gain combining in Doppler spread Ricean fading is given. It is based on Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature integration of the moment generating function of the decision statistic at the combiner output. The method allows nonuniform power delay profiles for the received multipath rays. Applications to multicarrier spread spectrum modulation and spread spectrum with RAKE reception systems are discussed. It is found that for moderate values of the Ricean K-factor (ratio of specular to diffuse fading signal power) an optimum order of diversity exists whereas, for large K-factors, diversity does not improve performance. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Ziemer, RE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9545 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1846 EP 1855 DI 10.1109/25.892588 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 389UY UT WOS:000166258100036 ER PT J AU Sotsios, Y Blair, PJ Westwick, J Ward, SG AF Sotsios, Y Blair, PJ Westwick, J Ward, SG TI Disparate effects of phorbol esters, CD3 and the costimulatory receptors CD2 and CD28 on RANTES secretion by human T lymphocytes SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; CELL ACTIVATION; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR FACTOR; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; EXPRESSION; PATHWAYS; PROTEIN; CTLA-4 AB This study has examined the stimuli required for secretion of regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, presumed secreted (RANTES) from T lymphocytes and found that stimuli such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which are unable to support T-cell proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, are nevertheless able to elicit strong secretion of RANTES. Conversely, stimuli such as CD2 and CD28 ligation, which are able to support T-cell proliferation, are unable to elicit RANTES secretion. Coligation of CD3 and CD28 drives T-cell proliferation to a similar degree as CD2 and CD28 coligation, yet also supports modest RANTES secretion. Furthermore, CD28 ligation enhances the secretion of RANTES stumulated by PMA and this costimulatory effect is abrogated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. Our data also indicate that the observed effects of PMA on RANTES secretion are probably due to activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes, since RANTES secretion was unaffected by the non-PKC activating 4 alpha-phorbol ester, whilst the general PKC inhibitor Ro-32-0432 inhibits PMA-stimulated RANTES secretion. Moreover, the effect of PMA appears to be chemokine-specific because PMA was unable to increase secretion of the related CC chemokine MIP-1 alpha. Under stimulation conditions where increases in [Ca2+](i) occur (e.g. PMA plus ionomycin or CD3 plus CD28 ligation) RANTES secretion can be severely reduced compared with the levels observed in response to the phorbol ester PMA. Hence, whilst PKC-dependent pathways are sufficient for strong RANTES secretion, a calcium-dependent factor is activated which negatively regulates RANTES secretion. This correlates well with the observation that ligation of cytolytic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (expression of which has been reported to be dependent on a sustained calcium signal), inhibits RANTES secretion induced by CD3/CD28, but has no effect on PMA-stimulated RANTES secretion. C1 Univ Bath, Dept Pharm & Pharmacol, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. USN, Med Res Ctr, NIDDK,T Cell Funct Sect, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ward, SG (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Pharm & Pharmacol, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 101 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00072.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 354KG UT WOS:000089329200004 PM 11012750 ER PT J AU Saylor, JR Smith, GB Flack, KA AF Saylor, JR Smith, GB Flack, KA TI The effect of a surfactant monolayer on the temperature field of a water surface undergoing evaporation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE evaporation; convection; surfactants; IR imagery; remote sensing ID WAVES AB The surface temperature field of a body of water undergoing evaporation was measured using infrared imaging techniques, demonstrating for the first time the effect of surfactant monolayers on the spatial structure of this field. Measurements were obtained from a water surface which was covered with a monolayer of the surfactant oleyl alcohol, and also from a surface which was free of surfactants. The oleyl alcohol and surfactant-free experiments were compared at equivalent heat fluxes. The presence of surfactants increased the characteristic length scale of the surface temperature field. This conclusion is supported by both visual observation of the infrared imagery and spatial Fourier transforms of the temperature fields. The presence of the surfactant monolayer had a small effect on the root mean square of the temperature held but significantly affected the skewness, creating a more positively skewed probability density function for the surfactant covered field. These observations were found to field when comparison between the clean and surfactant case was made at heat fluxes varying by a factor of similar to 11. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Saylor, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 43 IS 17 BP 3073 EP 3086 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00356-7 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 316KC UT WOS:000087165200005 ER PT J AU Portolano, M AF Portolano, M TI John Quincy Adams's rhetorical crusade for astronomy SO ISIS LA English DT Article AB Astronomy thrived in Europe during the early nineteenth century, but in the United States a utilitarian mind-set opposed it. John Quincy Adams's oratory in support of American astronomical discovery reached its peak during congressional debate over the Smithsonian Institution (1838-1846). During this debate Adams countered proposals to found a university with plans for an observatory. His addresses to congressional and public audiences about observatories and astronomy were intended to foster interest in the science and encourage the growing astronomical community in America. Although the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., was established before the Smithsonian debate ended, many considered Adams its political father. Adams composed his speeches on astronomy in a systematic manner, following neoclassical principles of rhetoric that he had taught at Harvard University. His speeches both in and outside of Congress show evidence of the rhetorical principles he conscientiously used in the service of astronomy. C1 USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Portolano, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept English, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD SEP PY 2000 VL 91 IS 3 BP 480 EP 503 DI 10.1086/384852 PG 24 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 375EH UT WOS:000165386200003 PM 11143785 ER PT J AU Dick, SJ AF Dick, SJ TI Planetary astronomy: From ancient times to the third millennium. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD SEP PY 2000 VL 91 IS 3 BP 562 EP 563 DI 10.1086/384860 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 375EH UT WOS:000165386200012 ER PT J AU Zerilli, FJ Armstrong, RW AF Zerilli, FJ Armstrong, RW TI Thermal activation based constitutive equations for polymers SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials Under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Dymat Assoc, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, Warsaw ID GLASSY-POLYMERS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Minimal assumptions are used in deriving constitutive equations for polymers based on the theory of thermal activation. With a shear volume of activation inversely proportional to the flow stress, the general structure of the constitutive equation as a function of temperature, pressure, and strain rate may be elucidated without regard to the details of the underlying flow mechanisms. Strain hardening or softening is described by a differential equation relating the hardening rate to creation or destruction of flow units. While many polymers are, strictly speaking, nonlinearly viscoelastic materials, over a limited time and temperature range they may be considered to exhibit unrecoverable, though not necessarily volume conserving, strains and treated as viscoplastic. The equations have been applied to the yield stress of glassy PMMA, showing the excellent result that may be obtained with the assumed inverse dependence of the shear volume of activation upon the flow stress, and to the dynamic deformation behavior of semicrystalline PTFE, showing a reasonably good reproduction of the stress-strain behavior as a function of temperature, pressure, and strain rate. The yield stress results for PMMA are used to describe its ductile-brittle transition properties. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zerilli, FJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS P9 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1051/jp4:2000901 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 361EQ UT WOS:000089710300002 ER PT J AU Grady, DE Winfree, NA Kerley, GI Wilson, LT Kuhns, LD AF Grady, DE Winfree, NA Kerley, GI Wilson, LT Kuhns, LD TI Computational modeling and wave propagation in media with inelastic deforming microstructure SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials Under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Dymat Assoc, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, Warsaw AB A phenomenological continuum model for computational use has been developed to describe large amplitude transient wave propagation in heterogeneous multi-component materials. A key feature of the model is a physics-based treatment of the continuum response of microstructural components with markedly dissimilar elasticity and strength properties. A fundamental premise of the modeling effort is reliance solely on widely available dynamic material property data including Hugoniot equation-of-state and Hopkinson pressure bar strength data through either direct application or physically plausible theories. Average nonlinear iso-pressure and iso-strain solutions provide bounding responses of the multi-component material. Compressive deformation under pressure and concomitant dissipation is treated through methods of irreversible phase transformation. The model has been incorporated into a multidimensional Eulerian finite-difference shock physics code and used to examine the response of selected materials to dynamic loads. C1 Appl Res Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Kerley Publishing Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Grady, DE (reprint author), Appl Res Associates, 4300 San Mateo Blvd NE,Suite A-220, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 2 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS P9 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1051/jp4:2000903 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 361EQ UT WOS:000089710300004 ER PT J AU Bunton, RW Denegri, CM AF Bunton, RW Denegri, CM TI Limit cycle oscillation characteristics of fighter aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,Flight Test Engn Grp, Strike Aircraft Test Directorate, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Engn Branch, Certificat Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Bunton, RW (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft,Flight Test Engn Grp, Strike Aircraft Test Directorate, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 916 EP 918 DI 10.2514/2.2690 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 361MG UT WOS:000089726400024 ER PT J AU Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM TI Low-loss Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films by inverted cylindrical magnetron sputtering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; CAPACITORS; ELECTRODES; BATIO3; (BA AB The structural and electrical characteristics of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films deposited by inverted cylindrical magnetron rf sputtering have been investigated. This unconventional sputter deposition technique consisting of a hollow cylindrical composite target of BST, high argon/oxygen gas pressure 53.2 Pa (400 mu m), and 750 degrees C substrate temperature was employed for depositing low-loss BST thin films. The films were postannealed in a tube furnace at 780 degrees C for 8 h in flowing oxygen. Atomic-force microscopy revealed anisotropic grain growth with a columnar grain structure protruding from the surface with a 0.25 mu m grain size. X-ray diffractometry shows the films to be purely (h00) oriented for certain deposition parameters. The lattice parameter of the best film was slightly larger than that for bulk BST. Other deposition conditions yielded films having many of the BST powder peaks. Capacitance versus voltage characteristics have been measured from 50 MHz to 20 GHz. Device Q values > 600, beyond the resolution of the device/measurement system, were realized with a 6.7% tunability at 10 GHz for the best films. [S0021-8979(00)01119-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cukauskas, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 5 BP 2830 EP 2835 DI 10.1063/1.1289052 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345BX UT WOS:000088796500106 ER PT J AU Gupta, SM Furman, E Colla, E Xu, Z Viehland, D AF Gupta, SM Furman, E Colla, E Xu, Z Viehland, D TI Relaxational polarization in polar dielectric barium magnesium niobate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS; SYSTEM AB Relaxor-like dielectric behavior, analogous to that found in lead magnesium niobate, has been induced in the polar dielectric barium magnesium niobate (BMN). In BMN, the dielectric constant was increased and the temperature of the maximum dielectric constant was shifted to a lower temperature with a decrease in measurement frequency with increasing A-site vacancy concentrations. The frequency dispersion of the permittivity maximum exhibited good agreement with the Arrhenius relationship. An activation energy of 0.15 eV and a preexponential factor 10(14) s(-1) were determined. No frequency dispersion in the imaginary part of the permittivity was found below the temperature of the dielectric maximum. A linear polarization-electric field dependence was observed at room temperature. A polarization of 0.3 mu C/cm(2) was found under a field of 75 kV/cm at 25 degrees C. Phase analysis revealed a single phase perovskite structure with a hexagonal unit cell with a=5.77 Angstrom and c=7.08 Angstrom. < 110 > selected area electron diffraction patterns revealed superlattice reflections along the < 111 >. High resolution Z-contrast imaging was used to study the local ordering and the origin of the relaxational polarization. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)09017-4]. C1 Ctr Adv Technol, Laser Mat Div, Indore 452013, India. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Transduct Res & Dev Branch, Res Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Gupta, SM (reprint author), Ctr Adv Technol, Laser Mat Div, Indore 452013, India. RI Colla, Enrico/A-4305-2010 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 5 BP 2836 EP 2842 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)09017-4] DI 10.1063/1.1287774 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345BX UT WOS:000088796500107 ER PT J AU Klein, PB Binari, SC Freitas, JA Wickenden, AE AF Klein, PB Binari, SC Freitas, JA Wickenden, AE TI Photoionization spectroscopy of traps in GaN metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; N-TYPE GAN; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; DOPED ALXGA1-XAS; MODULATION; COLLAPSE; NITRIDE; ORIGIN; HEMTS AB Measurements of the spectral and intensity dependences of the optically-induced reversal of current collapse in a GaN metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) have been compared to calculated results. The model assumes a net transfer of charge from the conducting channel to trapping states in the high-resistivity region of the device. The reversal, a light-induced increase in the trap-limited drain current, results from the photoionization of trapped carriers and their return to the channel under the influence of the built-in electric field associated with the trapped charge distribution. For a MESFET in which two distinct trapping centers have been spectrally resolved, the experimentally measured dependence upon light intensity was fitted using this model. The two traps were found to have very different photoionization cross-sections but comparable concentrations (4x10(11) cm(-2) and 6x10(11) cm(-2)), suggesting that both traps contribute comparably to the observed current collapse. [S0021-8979(00)00417-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Klein, PB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 5 BP 2843 EP 2852 DI 10.1063/1.1287127 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345BX UT WOS:000088796500108 ER PT J AU Curdt, W Dwivedi, BN Feldman, U AF Curdt, W Dwivedi, BN Feldman, U TI The EUV spectrum of sunspot plumes observed by SUMER on SOHO SO JOURNAL OF ASTROPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium on Cyclical Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields CY DEC 13-16, 1999 CL KODAIKANAL OBSERV, KODAIKANAL, INDIA SP Int Astron Union HO KODAIKANAL OBSERV DE Sun : EUV spectroscopy; sunspot; oscillation ID SPECTROMETER; TELESCOPE AB We present results from sunspot observations obtained by SUMER on SOHO. In sunspot plumes the EUV spectrum differs from the quiet Sun; continua are observed with different slopes and intensities; emission lines from molecular hydrogen and many unidentified species indicate unique plasma conditions above sunspots. Sunspot plumes ale sites of systematic downflow. We also discuss the propel-ties of sunspot oscillations. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. NRL, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Curdt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-6335 J9 J ASTROPHYS ASTRON JI J. Astrophys. Astron. PD SEP-DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.1007/BF02702432 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 403FV UT WOS:000167032600060 ER PT J AU Karovska, M Wood, B Chen, J Cook, J Howard, R AF Karovska, M Wood, B Chen, J Cook, J Howard, R TI Exploring coronal structures with SOHO SO JOURNAL OF ASTROPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium on Cyclical Evolution of Solar Magnetic Fields CY DEC 13-16, 1999 CL KODAIKANAL OBSERV, KODAIKANAL, INDIA SP Int Astron Union HO KODAIKANAL OBSERV DE Corona; CME ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; LASCO; EIT AB We applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karovska, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-6335 J9 J ASTROPHYS ASTRON JI J. Astrophys. Astron. PD SEP-DEC PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 403 EP 406 DI 10.1007/BF02702433 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 403FV UT WOS:000167032600061 ER PT J AU Nicholas, AC Picone, JM Thonnard, SE Meier, RR Dymond, KF Drob, DP AF Nicholas, AC Picone, JM Thonnard, SE Meier, RR Dymond, KF Drob, DP TI A methodology for using optimal MSIS parameters retrieved from SSULI data to compute satellite drag on LEO objects SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NOAA Space Weather Week Meeting CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL BOULDER, COLORADO SP NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, USAF Res Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE Space Weather; atmospheric drag; thermospheric density; UV remote sensing ID ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB A key application to be derived fi om Space Weather research will be to forecast atmospheric drag on low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites with significantly better accuracy than is attainable today. The recently launched STE P91-1 ARGOS mission will serve as a testbed For the use of future operational ultraviolet remote-sensing data to achieve such an improvement. This paper describes the. associated methodology, which uses discrete inverse theory in conjunction with the data to derive correction factors in near real time for the MSISE-90 empirical thermospheric model. To simulate the application of this technique to orbit prediction, we use the Jacchia-71 operational model to generate an evolving "ground truth" upper atmospheric state over a 48 h time period. This permits a state-of-the-art Satellite Tool Kit orbit propagator to synthesize a corresponding "ground truth" orbit un a standard LEO test object at 350 km altitude. Our tests show that, for orbit prediction, thr "data-enhanced" MSIS density specification can provide significant improvement over the uncorrected MSIS specification. However, for orbit prediction, the results are sensitive to the strategy selected for applying the correction factors. We contrast our results for orbit prediction with those of Marcos et at. (1998. Astrodynamics. Vol. 97(1). AAS, San Diego, pp. 501-513) for precision orbit determination, An important result in the context of Space Weather is that the Jacchia and MSIS models can show significant point-to-point disagreement, which has major implications for operational specification of thermospheric drag. published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nicholas, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave,Code 7623, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 14 BP 1317 EP 1326 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00105-X PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372VW UT WOS:000165255600011 ER PT J AU Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ AF Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ TI A new class of flexible energetic salts, part 6: the structures of the hydrazinium and hydroxylammonium salts of dinitramide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE hydroxylamine structures; hydrazinium structures; dinitramide structures; energetic materials ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; THERMOCHEMISTRY; COORDINATION; IONIZATION; OXALATE; ION AB The crystal structures of two amine base salts, the hydrazinium, 1, and the hydroxylammonium, 2, of dinitramide have been determined. I crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2(1)/c with cell dimensions a = 8.312(3), b = 5.654(1), c = 10.659(3) Angstrom, beta = 93.73(3)degrees, while 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pcab (nonstandard setting of Pbca) with cell dimensions a = 6.439(2), b = 12.470(4), c = 30.816(14) Angstrom. The structures of 1 and 2 contain protonated amine cations and dinitramide anions linked by hydrogen bonding. In addition, in 2 there are both neutral and zwitterionic hydroxylamine moieties involved in the hydrogen bonding scheme. Thus in 2 the complete formula unit is (NH3+OH)(2)[N3O4-](2) . (NH2OH) . (NH3+O-), and in this structure the hydroxylamine exists in its three possible forms: protonated, neutral, and zwitterionic. In both structures the conformations adopted by the dinitramine anions can be related to the types of hydrogen bonds it forms with the surrounding amine cations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Gilardi, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 30 IS 9 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1023/A:1011362427996 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 466XN UT WOS:000170671600007 ER PT J AU Keen, TR Stone, GW AF Keen, TR Stone, GW TI Anomalous response of beaches to hurricane waves in a low-energy environment, northeast Gulf of Mexico, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nearshore sand bars; hurricanes; granulometry; Florida ID HUMMOCKY CROSS-STRATIFICATION; MODEL; COAST AB Submarine sandbars were deposited on the post-storm subaerial beach at Carrabelle Beach, Florida, by Hurricanes Elena and Kate in 1985. These bars contained stratification similar to swash bars and berms, as well as an unusual stratification consisting of interlayered beds and heavy-mineral laminae, which were slightly convex upward. Based on their internal morphology and location above the high-water line, these bars appear to be a relatively unknown type, the stranded bar. Field relationships and grain-size distributions have been examined in order to identify the principal sedimentation mode during deposition. These data support an origin by grain settling from suspension as storm wave energy decreased, but nearshore water levels remained elevated. The sediment pool comprising the bars was progressively sorted during the two hurricanes, which occurred within ten weeks of each other. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Keen, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1100 EP 1110 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 384GY UT WOS:000165935500013 ER PT J AU Gates, WR AF Gates, WR TI The political economy of NATO: Past, present, and into the twenty-first century. SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Gates, WR (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0022-0515 J9 J ECON LIT JI J. Econ. Lit. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 643 EP 644 PG 2 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 354LZ UT WOS:000089333100013 ER PT J AU Yakimenko, OA AF Yakimenko, OA TI Direct method for rapid prototyping of near-optimal aircraft trajectories SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID INVERSE DYNAMICS; OPTIMIZATION; COLLOCATION AB A direct method for a real-time generation of near-optimal spatial trajectories of short-term maneuvers onboard a flying vehicle with predetermined thrust history is introduced. The paper starts with a survey about the founders of the direct methods of calculus of variations and their followers in flight mechanics, both in Russia and in the United States. It then describes a new direct method based on three cues: high-order polynomials from the virtual are as a reference function for aircraft's coordinates, a preset history of one of the controls (thrust), and a few optimization parameters. The trajectory optimization problem is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem and then solved numerically using an appropriate algorithm in accelerated scale of time. A series of examples Is presented. Calculated near-optimal trajectory is compared with real Right data, and with the solution obtained by Pontryagin's maximum principle. Fast convergence of the numerical algorithm, which has been already implemented and tested onboard a real aircraft, is illustrated. C1 Aviat & Aeronaut Acad Sci, Moscow, Russia. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Code AA-YK,699 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM oayakime@nps.navy.mil NR 42 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 23 IS 5 BP 865 EP 875 DI 10.2514/2.4616 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 354ZW UT WOS:000089362000014 ER PT J AU Naficy, AB Rao, MR Holmes, JL Abu-Elyazeed, R Savarino, SJ Wierzba, TF Frenck, RW Monroe, SS Glass, RI Clemens, JD AF Naficy, AB Rao, MR Holmes, JL Abu-Elyazeed, R Savarino, SJ Wierzba, TF Frenck, RW Monroe, SS Glass, RI Clemens, JD TI Astrovirus diarrhea in Egyptian children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GASTROENTERITIS; PREVALENCE; SEROTYPES; TYPE-1; SEROPREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; LONDON AB This study describes the epidemiology of astrovirus diarrhea among a population-based cohort of 397 children aged <3 years residing in rural Egypt from 1995 to 1998. The age-specific incidence rates of astrovirus diarrheal episodes per person-year were 0.38 for infants aged <6 months, 0.40 for those aged 6-11 months, 0.16 for those aged 12-23 months, and 0.05 for those aged 24-35 months. The overall incidence rate of astrovirus diarrhea was the same as that of rotavirus diarrhea, 0.19 episodes per person-year. Astrovirus infection was pathogenic and associated with severe dehydration in 17% of the cases. The most frequent serotype was HAstV-1, and, in order of decreasing frequency, HAstV-5, HAstV-8 and HAstV-3, HAstV-6, HAstV-4, and HAstV-2. In determining whether astrovirus diarrhea was associated with a reduced incidence of subsequent disease, there was evidence to suggest HAstV-1 homotypic immunity but not heterotypic immunity. Because we observed 38% of the incidence of astrovirus diarrhea to occur in infants aged <6 months, a candidate astrovirus vaccine would have to confer immunity very early in life. C1 NICHHD, Pediat Infect Dis & Vaccines Sect, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Naficy, AB (reprint author), NICHHD, Pediat Infect Dis & Vaccines Sect, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Rm 7B03,6100 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1HD0026-01] NR 26 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 182 IS 3 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1086/315763 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 355LH UT WOS:000089386800006 PM 10950760 ER PT J AU Losiewicz, P Oard, DW Kostoff, RN AF Losiewicz, P Oard, DW Kostoff, RN TI Textual data mining to support science and technology management SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE text data mining; information retrieval; knowledge discovery in databases; bibliometrics; computational linguistics AB This paper surveys applications of data mining techniques to large text collections, and illustrates how those techniques can be used to support the management of science and technology research. Specific issues that arise repeatedly in the conduct of research management are described, and a textual data mining architecture that extends a classic paradigm for knowledge discovery in databases is introduced. That architecture integrates information retrieval from text collections, information extraction to obtain data from individual texts, data warehousing for the extracted data, data mining to discover useful patterns in the data, and visualization of the resulting patterns. At the core of this architecture is a broad view of data mining-the process of discovering patterns in large collections of data-and that step is described in some detail. The final section of the paper illustrates how these ideas can be applied in practice, drawing upon examples from the recently completed first phase of the textual data mining program at the Office of Naval Research. The paper concludes by identifying some research directions that offer significant potential for improving the utility of textual data mining for research management applications. C1 ACS Def Inc, Rome, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Coll Lib & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Losiewicz, P (reprint author), ACS Def Inc, Rome, NY USA. EM losiewiczp@rl.af.mil; oard@glue.umd.edu; kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 30 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9902 J9 J INTELL INF SYST JI J. Intell. Inf. Syst. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 IS 2 BP 99 EP 119 DI 10.1023/A:1008777222412 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 333GP UT WOS:000088122500001 ER PT J AU Trinkunas, HA AF Trinkunas, HA TI Crafting civilian control in emerging democracies: Argentina and Venezuela SO JOURNAL OF INTERAMERICAN STUDIES AND WORLD AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID AMERICA AB Democratic transitions create an opportunity for elected officials to maximize their leverage over the armed forces and create institutions that permanently shift power away from the military. This article develops a theoretical argument about how civilian control is established. Venezuela institutionalized weak civilian control in the wake of its 1958 democratic transition, allowing the regime to survive the 1992 coup attempts. Argentina moved close to strong civilian control by 1995, although such control is exercised through questionable institutional channels. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Trinkunas, HA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV MIAMI PI CORAL GABLES PA J INTERAMER STUD WORLD AFF PO BOX 248134, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA SN 0022-1937 J9 J INTERAM STUD WORLD JI J. Interam. Stud. World Aff. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 42 IS 3 BP 77 EP + PG 34 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 374PV UT WOS:000165354300004 ER PT J AU Pique, A Chrisey, DB Fitz-Gerald, JM McGill, RA Auyeung, RCY Wu, HD Lakeou, S Nguyen, V Chung, R Duignan, M AF Pique, A Chrisey, DB Fitz-Gerald, JM McGill, RA Auyeung, RCY Wu, HD Lakeou, S Nguyen, V Chung, R Duignan, M TI Direct writing of electronic and sensor materials using a laser transfer technique SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METAL-DEPOSITION AB We present a laser-based direct write technique termed matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW). This technique utilizes a laser transparent fused silica disc coated on one side with a composite matrix consisting of the material to be deposited mixed with a laser absorbing polymer. Absorption of laser radiation results in the decomposition of the polymer, which aids in transferring the solute to an acceptor substrate placed parallel to the matrix surface. Using MAPLE DW, complex patterns consisting of metal powders, ceramic powders, and polymer composites were transferred onto the surfaces of various types of substrates with <10 micron resolution at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure without the use of masks. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Dist Columbia, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. Potomac Photon Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Pique, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1872 EP 1875 DI 10.1557/JMR.2000.0271 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 350QN UT WOS:000089112800005 ER PT J AU Brook, I Frazier, EH AF Brook, I Frazier, EH TI Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology in intraabdominal infections associated with diverticulitis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTEROIDES; IMIPENEM/CILASTATIN; ANTIBIOTICS; ABSCESSES AB The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of intra-abdominal infections associated with diverticulitis was studied in 110 specimens from the peritoneal cavity after intestinal perforation and in 22 specimens from abdominal abscesses, Anaerobic bacteria only were isolated from 17 (15%) of the peritoneal specimens, aerobic bacteria only from 12 (11%) and mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora from 81 (74%), A total of 339 bacterial isolates was detected in peritoneal cultures (3.1 per specimen), comprising 155 aerobes (1.4 per specimen) and 184 anaerobes (1.7 per specimen), Anaerobic bacteria only were isolated in 4 (18%) abscesses, aerobes alone in one (5%) and mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora in 17 (77%), A total of 72 bacterial isolates (3.3 per specimen) was detected in abdominal abscesses - 35 aerobes (1.6 per specimen) and 37 aerobes (1.7 per specimen), The predominant aerobic and facultative bacteria in abdominal infections were Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp, The most frequently isolated anaerobes were Bacteroides spp, (B, fragilis group), Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium and Fusobacterium spp. C1 USN Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Brook, I (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 49 IS 9 BP 827 EP 830 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 346JR UT WOS:000088867800010 PM 10966232 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Dynamic and thermodynamic properties of glass-forming substances SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Review ID DEPOLARIZED-LIGHT-SCATTERING; INCOHERENT NEUTRON-SCATTERING; IONICALLY CONDUCTING GLASSES; MODE-COUPLING-THEORY; ENHANCED TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; CONCENTRATED COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) GLASS AB We review the important general dynamic and thermodynamic properties of structural glass-forming substances and classify them into 12 different categories. Our understanding of glass-forming substances is incomplete until all these properties have been explained. The dynamic properties considered include those relating to the high frequency fast relaxation, the Johari-Goldstein beta-relaxation, and the slow structural alpha-relaxation. Practically all the important relaxation and diffusion processes in the time region extending from 10(-13) to 10(6) s have been discussed. We show from experimental data that the properties in different categories bear some relations to each other. Some issues that impede progress of our understanding of the behavior of glass-forming substances are accentuated by formulating them as questions. Answers to these questions by future experimental and theoretical investigations will improve our understanding. Specific suggestions for future research efforts that can provide some answers to these questions are also made. Within the same property in each category, by examining a large number of glass-formers, a pattern of variation is found which correlates with the departure of the structural relaxation of the glass-former from exponential decay or the quantity, (1 - beta), where beta is the fractional exponent in the Kohlrausch expression, exp[-(t/tau)(beta)]. These patterns, as well as their correlations with (1 - beta), suggest that the salient dynamic properties (or phenomenology) of glass-forming substances are all governed by the non-exponential nature of the structural relaxation, i.e., the quantity (1 - beta). Therefore, a theory or model capable of relating the structural relaxation time tau to (1 - beta) has the potential of explaining many of the salient dynamic properties of glass-forming substances. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6807, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ngai@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 376 TC 331 Z9 331 U1 8 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP PY 2000 VL 275 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00238-6 PG 45 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 353YM UT WOS:000089303100002 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Is the susceptibility minimum of glass-forming liquids due to the beta-relaxation of the mode coupling theory or caused by the ubiquitous constant loss? SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids (PNS 1999) CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP NASA, Div Micrograv Sci & Applicat, NSF, Div Mat Res, Guardian Ind Corp, Elsevier Ltd ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) GLASS; LIGHT-SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FAST DYNAMICS; CONDUCTIVITY SPECTRA; KOHLRAUSCH EXPONENT; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; INTERACTING ARRAYS AB Observation of a minimum in the susceptibility spectra of glass-forming liquids has often been used as evidence of the fast beta-relaxation in the mode coupling theory (MCT). However, recent experiments showing the absence of the knee predicted by MCT and the presence of the fast relaxation in crystalline as well as in glassy and supercooled ortho-terphenyl has cast doubt on the cause of the fast relaxation. A constant (approximately frequency independent) loss contribution to the dielectric susceptibility also can generate a minimum. The constant loss contribution is ubiquitous. I show that it is related to the fast process observed by light and neutron scattering and is possibly the cause of the susceptibility minimum. The properties of the constant loss have led to the suggestion that it originates from vibrational relaxation, a conclusion reached also by recent work on crystalline ortho-terphenyl. This suggestion is made plausible by theoretical results from studies of relaxation of non-linear (anharmonic) vibrations. Finally I show that if the constant loss contribution is the cause of the susceptibility minimum, then an explanation of the entire spectrum including the structural relaxation at all temperatures can be obtained by simply incorporating the constant loss into the coupling model of the author. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6807,Bldg 208,Room 224, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP PY 2000 VL 274 IS 1-3 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00210-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 353WK UT WOS:000089298300023 ER PT J AU Dora, C Zurbach, J Hersche, O Ganz, R AF Dora, C Zurbach, J Hersche, O Ganz, R TI Pathomorphologic characteristics of posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE injury of the triradiate cartilage; posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia; acetabular retroversion; lateralized hip joint; deformation of the inner pelvic ring ID HIP AB Objectives: The pathomorphology of posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia differs fundamentally from the classic developmental dysplasia of the adolescent. The aim of this report is to qualify and quantify the pathomorphologic characteristics of the posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia and to define the requirements for adequate corrective surgery in this type of dysplasia. Design and Material: Retrospective review of the anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of ten patients with symptomatic posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia. In five cases, false profile views and in five cases computed tomography (CT) scans were also available for investigation. Measurements of distances and angles on radiographs and CT scans were made by pencil and goniometer. Results: On the AP radiographs, posttraumatic acetabular dysplasia shows uniformly deformed true pelvis with an angular deformation of the innominate bone averaging 20 degrees in the region of the acetabular fossa that causes the concavity of the pelvic brim to increase in direction of the involved acetabulum and creates both a lateral and a caudal displacement of the acetabulum, averaging twenty-three millimeters and nine millimeters, respectively. The increased width of the inner wall the acetabulum, measuring an average of eleven millimeters, makes lateralization of the center of the femoral head reach a mean of forty-three millimeters. The acetabular deformity in all cases shows a pronounced lateral deficiency. Ventral deficiency is moderate. All ten posttraumatic dysplastic acetabuli show marked retroversion averaging 27 degrees. In contrast, the contralateral acetabuli shows a mean anteversion of 23 degrees. Conclusions: The morphology of this kind of acetabular dysplasia is uniform and differs significantly from that seen in classic developmental dysplasia of the hip. For reconstructive surgery of such a hip, the challenge to abolish the lateralization of the hip joint to restore normal body weight lever arm is imperative. Because acetabular retroversion is a reproductive feature of posttraumatic dysplasia, it is important to avoid further reduction of the posterolateral containment of the femoral head and augmentation of the anterior acetabular wall, increasing the risk of anterior impingement. C1 Univ Bern, Inselspital, Dept Orthopaed Surg, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. Naval Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Zurich, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Ganz, R (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inselspital, Dept Orthopaed Surg, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 14 IS 7 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1097/00005131-200009000-00004 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 369ZH UT WOS:000165097300004 PM 11083610 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Li, RF AF Chu, PC Li, RF TI South China Sea isopycnal-surface circulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE VELOCITY; NORTH; WATER; VARIABILITIES; VENTILATION; INTRUSION; KUROSHIO; PACIFIC; MODEL; OCEAN AB This paper investigates the seasonal variabilities of the South China Sea isopycnal-surface circulations and of the Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait using the U.S. Navy's climatological temperature and salinity dataset (public domain) with 1/2 degrees x 1/2 degrees resolution by the P-vector method. The representative pattern is a persistent basin-scale cyclonic circulation away from the surface, and a seasonally varying circulation with a weak anti-cylonic gyre in the summer and a strong cyclonic gyre in the winter near the surface. This pattern is consistent with a classical view of mean cyclonic circulation in large stratified lakes and semienclosed marginal seas by Emery and Csanady and with a recent numerical simulation using the navy's Layered Ocean Model by Metzger and Hurlburt. The computed monthly volume transport through the Luzon Strait is negative (inflow) all year round with a minimum value of -13.7 Sv in February (strongest intrusion) and a maximum value of -1.4 Sv in September (weakest intrusion). The annual mean transport is -6.5 Sv (intrusion). C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 34 TC 91 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2419 EP 2438 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<2419:SCSISC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 361PY UT WOS:000089732500017 ER PT J AU Phillips, CA Drake, JC AF Phillips, CA Drake, JC TI Trajectory optimization for a missile using a multitier approach SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A two-tier approach to the midcourse trajectory design for a surface-to-air missile to maximize the probability of hit is presented. The first tier represents the midcourse trajectory of the missile, and the second tier represents the terminal homing phase. The first-tier trajectory is optimized with an auxiliary constraint on the value of the approach angle to the intercept at handover to the terminal phase. The handover approach angle Is used as the governing parameter in generating a field of optimum first-tier midcourse trajectories. The second-tier model estimates the probability of hit including a full suite of stochastic error sources on the seeker and missile. The optimal approach angle and midcourse trajectory are demonstrated to be dependent on the terminal homing noise contributors and the target maneuver. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Missile Syst Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Phillips, CA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Missile Syst Div, 17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.2514/2.3614 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 364LN UT WOS:000089894000015 ER PT J AU Finette, S Orr, MH Turgut, A Apel, JR Badiey, M Chiu, CS Headrick, RH Kemp, JN Lynch, JF Newhall, AE von der Heydt, K Pasewark, B Wolf, SN Tielbuerger, D AF Finette, S Orr, MH Turgut, A Apel, JR Badiey, M Chiu, CS Headrick, RH Kemp, JN Lynch, JF Newhall, AE von der Heydt, K Pasewark, B Wolf, SN Tielbuerger, D TI Acoustic field variability induced by time evolving internal wave fields SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; SCATTERING; PACKETS AB A space- and time-dependent internal wave model was developed for a shallow water area on the New Jersey continental shelf and combined with a propagation algorithm Eo perform numerical simulations of acoustic field variability. This data-constrained environmental model links the oceanographic field, dominated by internal waves, to the random sound speed distribution that drives acoustic field fluctuations in this region. Working with a suite of environmental measurements along a 42-km track, a parameter set was developed that characterized the influence of the internal wave field on sound speed perturbations in the water column. The acoustic propagation environment was reconstructed from this set in conjunction with bottom parameters extracted by use of acoustic inversion techniques. The resulting space and time-varying sound speed field was synthesized from an internal wave field composed of both a spatially diffuse (Linear) contribution and a spatially localized (nonlinear) component, the latter consisting of solitary waves propagating with the internal tide. Acoustic simulation results at 224 and 400 Hz were obtained from a solution to an elastic parabolic equation and are presented as examples of propagation through this evolving environment. Modal decomposition of the acoustic field received at a vertical line array was used to clarify the effects of both internal wave contributions to the complex structure of the received signals. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)03109-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Global Ocean Associates, Silver Spring, MD 20908 USA. Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Bundeswehr Wasserschall & Geophys, Forsch Anstalt, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. RP Finette, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Badiey, Mohsen/H-3943-2012 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 108 IS 3 BP 957 EP 972 DI 10.1121/1.1288662 PN 1 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 352RD UT WOS:000089230900008 ER PT J AU Potty, GR Miller, JH Lynch, JF Smith, KB AF Potty, GR Miller, JH Lynch, JF Smith, KB TI Tomographic inversion for sediment parameters in shallow water SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; ACOUSTIC DATA; GEOACOUSTIC PROPERTIES; BROAD-BAND; SEA-FLOOR AB This article discusses inversions for bottom geoacoustic properties using broadband acoustic signals obtained from explosive sources. The experimental data used for the inversions are SUS charge explosions acquired on a vertical hydrophone array during the Shelf Break Primer Experiment conducted south of New England in the Middle Atlantic Bight in August 1996. The SUS signals were analyzed for their time-frequency behavior using wavelets. The group speed dispersion curves were obtained from the wavelet scalogram of the SUS signals. Agenetic algorithm (GA) was used for the inversion of sound speeds in the water column and compressional wave speeds in the sediment layers. The variations in the sound speeds in the water column were represented using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). A range-independent normal mode routine was used to construct the replica fields corresponding to the parameters. Comparison of group speeds for modes 1 to 9 and for a range of frequencies 8 to 200 Hz was used to arrive at the best parameter fit. An efficient hybrid optimization scheme using the GA and a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is presented. Linear perturbation methods were also used to "fine tune'' the inversions and to obtain resolution and variance estimates. Analysis was also done to compute the degree of convergence of each of the parameters by explicitly calculating the Hessian matrices numerically. A posteriori estimation of mean and covariance was also done to obtain error estimates. Group speeds for the inverted sound speed fields provide an excellent match to the experimental data. The inverted sediment compressional speed profile compares well with in situ measurements. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966 (00)04907-9]. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Potty, GR (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Ocean Engn, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. OI Miller, James H./0000-0001-7156-3589 NR 30 TC 68 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 108 IS 3 BP 973 EP 986 DI 10.1121/1.1286221 PN 1 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 352RD UT WOS:000089230900009 ER PT J AU Photiadis, DM Houston, BH Williams, EG Bucaro, JA AF Photiadis, DM Houston, BH Williams, EG Bucaro, JA TI Resonant response of complex shell structures SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL-SHELL; INTERNAL OSCILLATORS; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; FLEXURAL WAVES; IRREGULARITY; VIBRATION; LOCALIZATION AB Resonances of shell structures play a prominent role in determining their acoustic characteristics. Among the most important of such characteristics are radiated noise, scattering, and self-noise levels. The nature of the structural resonances, for example the number of modes within a particular frequency band or the overall spatial dependence of the response, determines the importance of these phenomena in various contexts and what steps may be taken to modify their acoustic impact. In the past, knowledge of the resonant response of highly idealized systems has been used to guide the development of quiet platforms. The results of a scale model investigation of the effects of increased complexity on the nature of the resonances of submerged shell structures are reported. Effects presented here are flexural Bloch mode resonances, localized resonances resulting from structural irregularity, and the effects of non-axisymmetry on these phenomena. The implications of these results on acoustic design and the development of systems is discussed. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001 -4966(00)02008-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Photiadis, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1027 EP 1035 DI 10.1121/1.1286515 PN 1 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 352RD UT WOS:000089230900013 ER PT J AU Matthews, AD Arrieta, LL AF Matthews, AD Arrieta, LL TI Acoustic optic hybrid (AOH) sensor SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LASER AB The ability of laser vibrometers to receive and process acoustic echoes from the water surface above a submerged target is established and evaluated. Sonar echoes from a submerged target are collected from the water surface by a laser vibrometer. Feasibility of this approach to sensing underwater sound is demonstrated. If the acoustic excitation at an otherwise undisturbed water surface is 195 to 168 dB re: 1 mu Pa, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), at the vibrometer output, is shown to range from about 46 to 6 dB. Capillary waves and gravity waves at the water surface are expected and shown to have some destructive effect on the process of echo retrieval. A series of experiments to quantify the surface wave effects is described. The wave experiment results are reported. A successful attempt to acquire echoes from a submerged target over a grid of points for further processing into a three-dimensional image is made and described. The data acquisition and beamforming techniques constitute a three-dimensional, acoustic optic, synthetic aperture sonar (SAS). Beamformed images are included. For an aircraft towing acoustic sensors through the water with a mechanical link, this technique holds the promise of increased safety and improved fuel efficiency. [S0001-4966(00)05906-3]. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RP Matthews, AD (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Coastal Syst Stn, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1089 EP 1093 DI 10.1121/1.1285979 PN 1 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 352RD UT WOS:000089230900019 ER PT J AU Pecor, JE Jones, J Turell, MJ Fernandez, R Carbajal, F O'Guinn, M Sardalis, M Watts, D Zyzak, M Calampa, C Klein, TA AF Pecor, JE Jones, J Turell, MJ Fernandez, R Carbajal, F O'Guinn, M Sardalis, M Watts, D Zyzak, M Calampa, C Klein, TA TI Annotated checklist of the mosquito species encountered during arboviral studies in Iquitos, Peru (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culicidae; mosquitoes; checklist; Peru; distribution; bionomics ID CULEX MELANOCONION DIPTERA; SPISSIPES SECTION AB A checklist of the mosquito fauna encountered during arboviral studies in Iquitos, Peru, is presented. A total of 16 genera, 30 subgenera, and 96 species were identified, including 24 species reported from Peru for the 1st time. Notations on the taxonomy and biology for 28 species are also provided. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Detachment Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. RP Pecor, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Museum Support Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 210 EP 218 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 371GM UT WOS:000165170500005 PM 11081648 ER PT J AU Sartwell, BD AF Sartwell, BD TI Thermal spray coatings replace hard chrome plating on aircraft components SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sartwell, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 363EM UT WOS:000089822200001 ER PT J AU Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hall, LD AF Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hall, LD TI Pulmonary angiography with use of the 5-F omniflush catheter: A safe and efficient procedure with a common catheter SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE embolism, pulmonary; pulmonary angiography ID CUT-FILM C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Velling, TE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1005 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61330-X PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 352EE UT WOS:000089200900008 PM 10997463 ER PT J AU Chrisey, D Pique, A Fitz-Gerald, J Ringeisen, B Mohdi, R AF Chrisey, D Pique, A Fitz-Gerald, J Ringeisen, B Mohdi, R TI Laser direct writing builds biostructures SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article AB A pulsed UV laser writes thin-film CAD patterns and arrays of high-quality crystalline materials on delicate substrates, including the abdomen of a honeybee. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Chrisey, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 9 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 352HX UT WOS:000089210400029 ER PT J AU McDonnell, SL Max, MD Cherkis, NZ Czarnecki, MF AF McDonnell, SL Max, MD Cherkis, NZ Czarnecki, MF TI Tectono-sedimentary controls on the likelihood of gas hydrate occurrence near Taiwan SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas hydrate; methane; Taiwan ID BOTTOM-SIMULATING REFLECTOR; BLAKE RIDGE; ZONE AB Marine sediments on the continental slope of the NE South China Sea have appropriate thickness, methane-generating potential, and occur in a suitable pressure-temperature regime to host gas hydrate. Evidence for gas hydrate, the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), is observed to the south of Taiwan on reflection seismic records, and can be used to suggest that gas hydrates are widely distributed. The tectonosedimentary framework south of Taiwan bears directly upon methane generation and the likelihood of the presence of significant gas hydrate deposits. Three zones of probable hydrate occurrence have been delineated along the margins of the NE South China Sea: (1) in a thick accumulation of sediment along the northern passive margin; (2) along a more thinly sedimented eastern active collisional margin, and especially; (3) in a zone of thick originally passive margin sedimentation into which the collisional margin has encroached obliquely. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. MDS Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP McDonnell, SL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7420,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 17 IS 8 BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1016/S0264-8172(00)00023-4 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 375HK UT WOS:000165393300005 ER PT J AU Davis, AJ Fischer, G Albrecht, HH Hess, J AF Davis, AJ Fischer, G Albrecht, HH Hess, J TI Digital compensation of analog circuit imperfections in a 2-stage 6th order Sigma-Delta modulator SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IMEKO TC-4 Workshop on ADC Modelling and Testing CY SEP, 1998 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP IMEKO DE delta-sigma modulation; behavioral modeling; simulation; computer aided design; analog circuit imperfections ID A/D CONVERTER AB This paler presents a method to digitally correct for static, analog circuit imperfections in a two-stage, 6th order, cascaded sigma-delta modulator. By adding a digital correction term to the output of the digital noise cancellation filter, the first stage parasitic quantization noise due to finite amplifier gain and C-ratio mismatches can be completely removed. This enables operation without significant degradation for amplifier gains as low as 400 at OSRs ranging from 16 to 24. Measurements have been conducted with a prototype circuit to verify the proposed error correction technique. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical expressions and simulations. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. RP Davis, AJ (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD SEP PY 2000 VL 28 IS 2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0263-2241(99)00038-X PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 332BK UT WOS:000088053100005 ER PT J AU Fonda, RW Spanos, G AF Fonda, RW Spanos, G TI Microstructural evolution in ultra-low-carbon steel weldments - Part I: Controlled thermal cycling and continuous cooling transformation diagram of the weld metal SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HSLA-100 STEEL; BAINITE AB The transformation behavior and microstructural evolution of the as-deposited weld metal from an ultra-low-carbon (ULC) weldment were characterized by dilatometry, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and microhardness measurements. These results were used to construct a continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram for this weld metal. The major microconstituents observed in this ULC weldment were tin order of decreasing cooling rate) coarse autotempered martensite, fine lath martensite, lath ferrite, and degenerate lath ferrite. No polygonal ferrite was observed. These results were also used to develop criteria to differentiate between the two predominant microstructures in these ULC steels, lath martensite, and lath ferrite, which can look quite similar but have very different properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Joining & Transformat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fonda, RW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Joining & Transformat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2145 EP 2153 DI 10.1007/s11661-000-0132-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352DB UT WOS:000089198300005 ER PT J AU Stroud, RM Alexander, CMO Macpherson, GJ AF Stroud, RM Alexander, CMO Macpherson, GJ TI A precise new method of microsampling chondritic material for transmission electron microscope analysis: Preliminary application to calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions and associated matrix material in the Vigarano CV3 meteorite. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 35 SU S BP A153 EP A154 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 362PU UT WOS:000089787400271 ER PT J AU Lohrmann, DR AF Lohrmann, DR TI Mathematical recipe calculates the response of dipole antennas SO MICROWAVES & RF LA English DT Article AB THERE has been recent interest in the pulse performance of dipole antennas. Traditionally, this problem is treated theoretically by using known steady-state periodic: solutions in the frequency domain and calculating the real-time pulse response of the dipole by Laplace Transform. While this method provides technically useful solutions, it falls short in explaining certain effects observed in experiments. The reason for this is that the solutions in the frequency domain do not include the frequencies at zero and infinity. An example of this is a battery connected to a long dipole, "Long" in this context means that the rise time of the battery current is short compared to the time it takes the wave to travel to the end of the antenna, get reflected, and return to the source. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lohrmann, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENTON MEDIA, INC PI CLEVELAND PA 1100 SUPERIOR AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44114-2543 USA SN 0745-2993 J9 MICROWAVES RF JI Microw. RF PD SEP PY 2000 VL 39 IS 9 BP 51 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 357ZQ UT WOS:000089533100012 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI French Military Rule in Morocco: Colonialism and its consequences SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N STREET NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 54 IS 4 BP 654 EP 655 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 367HP UT WOS:000090055900012 ER PT J AU Poggi, MM Smith, GJ Campbell, RS AF Poggi, MM Smith, GJ Campbell, RS TI Diagnoses, demographics, and utilization of care as encountered by three US Navy general medical officers SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB U.S. Navy general medical officers (GMOs) are physicians serving as general practitioners. Although exceptions exist, most GMOs are not board-certified in a specialty. They are postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1)-trained, state-licensed physicians analogous to civilian general practitioners. We conducted a retrospective study using data generated from patient visits with active duty males and females from June 1 to 30, 1998, to describe diagnoses, demographics, and utilization of care patterns encountered by three PGY-1-trained GMOs at an ambulatory clinic. A total of 781 patient encounters with 123 diagnoses from a patient population of 3,178 were recorded. This is an average of 260 patient encounters per GMO, at a rate of 2.52 patients seen per patient-care hour. Fifty-seven consultations/referrals were requested (7.3% of encounters, 1.8% of the patient population). Personnel assigned to the clinic accounted for 4.2% of visits (2% of the patient population). Patient satisfaction was rated as "excellent" to "satisfactory, and no significant morbidity was observed at 1.5-year follow-up. With PGY-1 training, GMOs provide primary care to a substantial volume of prescreened patients and treat patients with a majority of diagnoses without referral or unacceptable complications. The role of GMOs, and perhaps other physicians without specialty training (i.e., general practitioners), in selected settings seems valid and may have advantageous medicoeconomic implications for military and civilian managed care systems. C1 USN, Branch Med Clin, Marine Corps Air Stn El Toro, Santa Ana, CA 92709 USA. RP Poggi, MM (reprint author), USN, Branch Med Clin, Marine Corps Air Stn El Toro, Santa Ana, CA 92709 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 IS 9 BP 672 EP 677 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 355AC UT WOS:000089362600012 PM 11011539 ER PT J AU Garland, FC Garland, CF Gorham, ED AF Garland, FC Garland, CF Gorham, ED TI A model of the expected occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes aboard US Navy ships SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The goal of this study was to model the incidence of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion if pregnant women in the first 20 weeks of gestation were to remain aboard ship while at sea during deployments. Ectopic pregnancies and other pregnancy complications at sea can be life-threatening events. Data sources included shipboard medical departments, an Enlisted Personnel Survey, and the Naval Health Research Center Hospitalized Pregnancy and Women Aboard Ship studies. The overall pregnancy rate was 19 per 100 woman-years (95% confidence interval, 18-20), based on the complement of women assigned to participating ships. If pregnant women routinely were to remain aboard ships at sea during deployments through their first 20 weeks of pregnancy, it is expected that approximately 9 ectopic pregnancies and 40 spontaneous abortions would occur aboard ships at sea. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Garland, FC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 IS 9 BP 691 EP 697 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 355AC UT WOS:000089362600016 PM 11011543 ER PT J AU Ogley, RN Burnell, SJB Fender, RP Pooley, GG Waltman, EB AF Ogley, RN Burnell, SJB Fender, RP Pooley, GG Waltman, EB TI Excess submillimetre emission from GRS 1915+105 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; stars : individual : GRS 1915+105; stars : variables : other; radio continuum : stars; X-rays : stars ID SUPERLUMINAL SOURCE; GRS-1915+105; MILLIMETER; CYGNUS-X-3 AB We present the first detections of the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 at submillimetre (submm) wavelengths. We clearly detect the source at 350 GHz in two epochs, with significant variability over the 24 h between epochs. Quasi-simultaneous radio monitoring indicates an approximately flat spectrum from 2 to 350 GHz, although there is marginal evidence for a minimum in the spectrum between 15 and 350 GHz. The flat spectrum and correlated variability imply that the submm emission arises from the same synchrotron source as the radio emission. This source is likely to be a quasi-steady partially self-absorbed jet, in which case these submm observations probe significantly closer to the base of the jet than do radio observations and may be used in future as a valuable diagnostic of the disc-jet connection in this source. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Open Univ, Dept Phys, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ogley, RN (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Bat 709, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 317 IS 1 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03609.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 350LQ UT WOS:000089102800021 ER PT J AU Carnevale, J AF Carnevale, J TI ASNE Day 2000 - Annual meeting and exposition - President's page SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Carnevale, J (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 112 IS 5 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GU UT WOS:000179926100001 ER PT J AU Kruse, DK AF Kruse, DK TI ASNE Day 2001 preview - Secretary's notes SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 112 IS 5 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GU UT WOS:000179926100002 ER PT J AU Miller, RT AF Miller, RT TI The Nuclear Technology - Timeline SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 112 IS 5 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GU UT WOS:000179926100003 ER PT J AU Lautenbacher, CC AF Lautenbacher, CC TI ASNE Day 2000 - Annual meeting and exposition - Luncheon address SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Naval Operat Resources Warfare Requirements & Ass, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Lautenbacher, CC (reprint author), USN, Naval Operat Resources Warfare Requirements & Ass, N8, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 112 IS 5 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 627GU UT WOS:000179926100004 ER PT J AU Sylvia, BM McMullen, P Schmelz, J Runzel, A Stevens, V Jackson, HL AF Sylvia, BM McMullen, P Schmelz, J Runzel, A Stevens, V Jackson, HL TI Exploration of facilitators and barriers to prenatal care among military women SO NURSE PRACTITIONER FORUM-CURRENT TOPICS AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SATISFACTION; HEALTH AB Early and regular prenatal care has been shown to decrease the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, little research has examined it experientially from the mother's perspective. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of prenatal care from the military mother's perspective. Using purposive sampling, 16 women who had recently given birth were interviewed. The data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive research methodology to elicit categories of substantive concepts, ideas, or themes. Data explored in this study included availability, use and satisfaction with prenatal care services, and barriers, preferences, and recommendations. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing Res, Grad Sch Nursing, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nurse Practitioner, Grad Sch Nursing, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 39, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USN Hosp, FPO, AP USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Womens Hlth Clin, SGCGO, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Kirk Army Clin, North East, MD USA. RP Sylvia, BM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing Res, Grad Sch Nursing, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1045-5485 J9 NURS PRACT FORUM JI Nurse Pract. Forum-Curr. Top. Commun. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 353AF UT WOS:000089251000004 PM 11220048 ER PT J AU Vieira, MEC Bordalo, AA AF Vieira, MEC Bordalo, AA TI The Douro estuary (Portugal): a mesotidal salt wedge SO OCEANOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE estuarine circulation; salt wedge; box model; residence time; Douro River AB The Douro River drains a large part of the Iberian Peninsula before it flows into the Atlantic Ocean in northern Portugal. Although heavily dammed throughout its course, the Douro forms a mesotidal estuary in the last 22 km. Na data had ever been collected in this estuary prior to 1994. An analysis of salinity data measured once a month in 1994 and current data obtained in the fall of 1994 revealed a salt wedge estuary highly dependent on river discharge: strong vertical salinity stratification under conditions of low runoff, whereas during high river flows the whole estuary became a river. The tide in the fall of 1994 was very close to a standing wave throughout the estuary; the tidal range, as high as 2.8 m at spring tides, was not powerful enough to destroy the vertical stratification. Tidal straining prevented mixing within the salt wedge during ebb; however, the column became vertically mixed at the end of hood. The salt wedge became arrested at three favored positions determined by the bathymetry. The salt intrusion, more sensitive to freshwater inflow than to tidal action, penetrated as far as 2/3 of the estuary's length. Residence times were estimated with a box model and were dependent on river discharge; they varied from 8 hours with early spring (March) inflows to 16 days under summer runoff conditions. (C) 2000 Ifremer/CNRS/IRn/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Inst Biomed Sci, P-4090003 Porto, Portugal. USN Acad, Dept Oceanog, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Bordalo, AA (reprint author), Inst Biomed Sci, Lg Abel Salazar 2, P-4090003 Porto, Portugal. NR 11 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0399-1784 J9 OCEANOL ACTA JI Oceanol. Acta PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 23 IS 5 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1016/S0399-1784(00)01107-5 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 377HK UT WOS:000165508000003 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, M Doolan, DL Cox-Singh, J Hoffman, SL Singh, B AF Ravichandran, M Doolan, DL Cox-Singh, J Hoffman, SL Singh, B TI HLA degenerate T-cell epitopes from Plasmodium falciparum liver stage-specific antigen 1 (LSA-1) are highly conserved in isolates from geographically distinct areas SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE liver stage-specific antigen 1; Plasmodium falciparum; malaria; T-cell epitope; HLA; vaccine ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA; RESPONSES; IDENTIFICATION; INTERLEUKIN-10; POLYMORPHISM; RESISTANCE; VACCINE; GENE AB Consider able effort is directed at the development of a malaria vaccine that elicits antigen-specific T-cell responses against pre-erythrocytic antigens of Plasmodium falciparum. Genetic restriction of host T-cell responses and polymorphism of target epitopes on parasite antigens pose obstacles to the development of such a vaccine. Liver stage specific antigen-1 (LSA-1) is a prime candidate vaccine antigen and five T-cell epitopes that are degenerately restricted by HLA molecules common in most populations have been identified on LSA-1. To define the extent of polymorphism within these T-cell epitopes, the N-terminal non-repetitive region of the LSA-1 gene from Malaysian P. falciparum field isolates was sequenced and compared with data of isolates from Brazil, Kenya and Papua New Guinea. Three of the T-cell epitopes were completely conserved while the remaining two were highly conserved in the isolates examined. Our findings underscore the potential of including these HLA-degenerate T-cell epitopes of LSA-1 in a subunit vaccine. C1 Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. Univ Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Singh, B (reprint author), Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. RI Cox-Singh, Janet/A-3608-2009; Ravichandran, Manickam/A-7128-2011; Singh, Balbir/A-3610-2009; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Singh, Balbir/0000-0002-9143-3965; Cox-Singh, Janet/0000-0003-4878-5188 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 22 IS 9 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00324.x PG 5 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 351KX UT WOS:000089157300006 PM 10972854 ER PT J AU Bonadeo, NH Chen, G Gammon, D Steel, DG AF Bonadeo, NH Chen, G Gammon, D Steel, DG TI Single quantum dot nonlinear optical spectroscopy SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics in Semiconductors (NOEKS 2000) CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL MARBURG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch GmbH ID SHARP-LINE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EXCITED-STATES; FINE-STRUCTURE; GAAS; WELL; LINEWIDTHS; SPECTRA AB We report a study of the coherent nonlinear optical response of individual excitons localized in GaAs quantum dots. Our data show that the nonlinear response is comprised of an incoherent contribution dominated by saturation of the oscillator strength and a coherent contribution giving rise to population pulsations. The results compare well with present theory and show the similarities with atoms and quantum dots in their coherent optical interaction with light. The measured energy relaxation and dephasing rates are comparable, reflecting the absence of significant pure dephasing at low temperatures. In addition, we use nonlinear spectroscopy to investigate quantum dot coupling showing the presence of an incoherent coupling leading to fast energy relaxation. The polarization properties as well as the fine structure splitting are also discussed. C1 Univ Michigan, Harrison M Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bonadeo, NH (reprint author), Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 221 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200009)221:1<5::AID-PSSB5>3.0.CO;2-H PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 362PZ UT WOS:000089788000004 ER PT J AU Wu, Q Grober, RD Gammon, D Katzer, DS AF Wu, Q Grober, RD Gammon, D Katzer, DS TI Spectroscopic imaging in a narrow GaAs quantum well SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics in Semiconductors (NOEKS 2000) CY APR 10-13, 2000 CL MARBURG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch GmbH ID EXCITONS; DOTS AB Spectroscopic images from a narrow GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well obtained with a microscope based on a solid immersion lens are presented. We show that the luminescing excitons are localized in quantum dot-like states but that they share a common excitation resonance. Excitation images obtained at this energy are extended in the plane of the quantum well. With increasing pump power density the exciton intensities saturate and biexciton lines are observed. Further increasing the pump power leads to the growth of a broad spectral feature that is ascribed to an electron-hole plasma. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), IBM Microelect, Z33A,B630,2070 Route 52, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 221 IS 1 BP 505 EP 509 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200009)221:1<505::AID-PSSB505>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 362PZ UT WOS:000089788000090 ER PT J AU Behar, E Jacobs, VL Oreg, J Bar-Shalom, A Haan, SL AF Behar, E Jacobs, VL Oreg, J Bar-Shalom, A Haan, SL TI Measure for the effect of quantum interference between radiative and dielectronic recombination SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; ISOLATED-RESONANCE; CROSS-SECTIONS AB The electron-ion photorecombination (PR) cross section is known to have an asymmetric energy profile, as a result of quantum interference between direct radiative and dielectronic recombination. We introduce a parameter that reflects the degree of this asymmetry and use it to identify PR transitions for which the effects of interference may be observable. Significantly asymmetric PR cross-section profiles are found for a few PR transitions from He-like Ar and Fe via 1s2l2l' autoionizing levels. The profile asymmetry parameter provides a physical measure for the scaling of the interference effect with the ion charge. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. Calvin Coll, Dept Phys, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. RP Behar, E (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP art. no. EP 030501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.030501 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 353CD UT WOS:000089255400002 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Pederson, MR AF Kortus, J Pederson, MR TI Magnetic and vibrational properties of the uniaxial Fe13O8 cluster SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; SI CLUSTERS; MOLECULES; SPECTRA; INTENSITIES; RAMAN AB We have performed all-electron density-functional-based calculations on the recently synthesized iron oxide Fe13O8 cluster. The Fe13O8 cluster shows a complicated magnetic structure, with several magnetically stable ferro-, ferri-, and antiferromagnetic states. The most stable state is a ferromagnetic state with a total moment of 32 mu(B) per cluster. We report a systematic investigation of the electronic and magnetic structure of different magnetic states. For the most stable ferromagnetic state we calculate the magnetic anisotropy barrier and the complete vibrational spectra including IR and Raman intensities from density functional theory. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kortus, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 9 BP 5755 EP 5759 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.5755 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 352JZ UT WOS:000089212900081 ER PT J AU Triandaf, I Schwartz, IB AF Triandaf, I Schwartz, IB TI Tracking sustained chaos: A segmentation method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT CHAOS; ATTRACTORS; LASER; BIFURCATIONS; HYSTERESIS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; CRISIS AB We introduce a segmentation control method to sustain chaotic transients in dynamical systems. The sustained transient can be tracked as a system parameter is substantially varied, allowing sustained chaotic transients far away from crisis parameter values. The method is applied to a chaotic CO2 laser as well as to a hyperchaotic continuum mechanics model. [S1063-651X(00)12009-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Triandaf, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Code 6700-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP 3529 EP 3534 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.3529 PN A PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 356MK UT WOS:000089446900068 ER PT J AU Hafizi, B Ting, A Sprangle, P Hubbard, RF AF Hafizi, B Ting, A Sprangle, P Hubbard, RF TI Relativistic focusing and ponderomotive channeling of intense laser beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SHORT-PULSE LASER; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; RAMAN-SCATTERING; TENUOUS PLASMAS; RADIATION; ACCELERATION AB The ponderomotive force associated with an intense laser beam expels electrons radially and can lead to cavitation in plasma. Relativistic effects as well as ponderomotive expulsion of electrons modify the refractive index. An envelope equation for the laser spot size is derived, using the source-dependent expansion method with Laguerre-Gaussian eigenfunctions, and reduced to quadrature. The envelope equation is valid for arbitrary laser intensity within the long pulse, quasistatic approximation and neglects instabilities. Solutions of the envelope equation are discussed in terms of an effective potential for the laser spot size. An analytical expression for the effective potential is given. For laser powers exceeding the critical power for relativistic self-focusing the analysis indicates that a significant contraction of the spot size and a corresponding increase in intensity is possible. C1 Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hafizi, B (reprint author), Icarus Res Inc, POB 30780, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. NR 39 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP 4120 EP 4125 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.4120 PN B PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 356ML UT WOS:000089447000057 ER PT J AU Black, DC Commisso, RJ Ottinger, PF Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV AF Black, DC Commisso, RJ Ottinger, PF Swanekamp, SB Weber, BV TI Experimental determination of gap scaling in a plasma opening switch SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INSULATED TRANSMISSION-LINE; ELECTRON FLOW; CONDUCTION; OPERATION; DIODE AB Experiments were performed to investigate the coupling between a similar to 0.5 mu s conduction-time, similar to 0.5 MA conduction-current plasma opening switch (POS), and an electron-beam (e-beam) diode. Electrical diagnostics provided measurements of the voltage at the oil-vacuum insulator and at the diode as well as anode and cathode currents on the generator and load sides of the POS. These measurements were combined with a flow impedance model to determine the POS gap over a range of conduction times and e-beam diode impedances, and for two POS-to-load distances. A comparison of the inferred POS gap at peak power with the critical gap for magnetic insulation indicates that the POS gap is always saturated in both switch-limited and load-limited regimes. This POS gap-size scaling with load impedance is consistent with an opening mechanism dominated by erosion and not JxB forces. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)04209-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. JAYCOR Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Black, DC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2000 VL 7 IS 9 BP 3790 EP 3796 DI 10.1063/1.1287914 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 345BC UT WOS:000088794700034 ER PT J AU Kohl, JG Singer, IL Griffith, JR AF Kohl, JG Singer, IL Griffith, JR TI Evaluating the durability of silicone duplex coatings using a scratch tester SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ADHESION MEASUREMENT; INDENTATION; MECHANICS AB Scratch tests were used to evaluate the durability of duplex elastomeric coatings under single pass, continuous loading, low speed sliding contact. The coatings consisted of a softer elastomer top layer (effective modulus = 3 MPa) on a stiffer elastomer bond layer (effective modulus = 23 MPa) on epoxy-coated steel. Duplex coating thicknesses ranged from 0.1 to 1 mm. Two different scratch styli were used: a 1.6 mm radius steel ball and a conical pin with a 0.8 mm radius diamond tip. The tangential force increased monotonically with normal force, then dropped suddenly; the onset of this drop is defined as the critical tangential force, T-c. T-c increased linearly with increases in both bond and top coat thicknesses, but the thickness dependence of the bond coat was 2 to 3 times more than that of the top coat. Optical and Raman microscopy of scratch tracks associated the damage at T-c with either tearing of the top coat behind the slider or debonding of the bond coat ahead of the slider or a combination of both. The thickness dependence of T-c is discussed qualitatively in terms of both stress and fracture mechanics models that account for damage to elastomer-coated substrates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Singer, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kohl, James /E-5365-2011 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 73 IS 4 BP 607 EP 618 DI 10.5254/1.3547608 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 374WZ UT WOS:000165368500003 ER PT J AU Cristi, R Tummala, M AF Cristi, R Tummala, M TI Multirate, multiresolution, recursive Kalman filter SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB An approach to the decomposition of a signal into orthogonal components at different resolution levels is presented in this paper. It is shown that a signal generated by the standard state-space stochastic model can be decomposed into innovations at the different sampling frequencies associated to different levels of resolution. The main result is that these innovations are all uncorrelated with each other. A multiresolution multirate (MRMR) Kalman filter is then introduced which allows multiple MRMR observations to be combined in an optimal fashion. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cristi, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1945 EP 1958 DI 10.1016/S0165-1684(00)00104-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 345UC UT WOS:000088832700020 ER PT J AU Larabee, MD AF Larabee, MD TI 'A mysterious system': Topographical fidelity and the charting of imperialism in Joseph Conrad's Siamese waters SO STUDIES IN THE NOVEL LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Larabee, MD (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH TEXAS STAT UNIV PI DENTON PA BOX 13706 NT STATION, DENTON, TX 76203 USA SN 0039-3827 J9 STUD NOVEL JI Stud. Nov. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 348 EP 368 PG 21 WC Literature SC Literature GA 384LC UT WOS:000165943100004 ER PT J AU Clark, RA Harden, SL Johnson, WB AF Clark, RA Harden, SL Johnson, WB TI Mentor relationships in clinical psychology doctoral training: Results of a national survey SO TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Convention of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 14-18, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Psychol Assoc ID PROFESSIONAL-DEVELOPMENT; GRADUATE-EDUCATION; PERCEPTIONS; STUDENTS; GENDER; SCHOOLS; SUCCESS; WOMEN AB Mentor relationships play an important role in the development and promotion of professional identity among psychologists, yet empirical study of mentor-protege relationships in psychology graduate education is nearly nonexistent. In this study, we provide a contemporary picture of mentor relationships in clinical psychology doctoral programs. We mailed a survey instrument regarding mentor relationships to 1,000 recent doctorates in clinical psychology; nearly 800 responded. Two thirds of respondents reported having a faculty mentor during graduate school. More PhDs reported having a mentor than PsyDs, as did graduates of university-based departments of psychology compared to graduates of schools of professional psychology. Men and women were equally likely to be mentored and to be satisfied with mentor relationships. Ninety-one percent of mentored graduates evaluated the mentor relationship positively, and mentored graduates were significantly more satisfied with their doctoral program. We discuss implications for graduate education. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. George Fox Univ, Newberg, OR 97132 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Eth & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 28 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 9 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0098-6283 J9 TEACH PSYCHOL JI Teach. Psychol. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1207/S15328023TOP2704_04 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 370XL UT WOS:000165148500003 ER PT J AU Lewis, I Coulter, DY AF Lewis, I Coulter, DY TI The Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement: Strategic transportation for national defense SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLEET AB The Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA) was established in February 1997 following approval of the Maritime Security Program (MSP) under the Maritime Security Act of 1996 (MSA). Ocean carriers enroll in the MSP in order to receive subsidies that are meant to offset the higher cost of operating U.S.-flag vessels. Carriers with vessels enrolled in the MSP agree to make their ships and related intermodal equipment available on request to the U.S. Department of Defense if VISA is activated. Because VISA has been in effect only since 1997, it is too early to assess VISA's impact on the strategic mobility of the U.S. military. However it has provided some assistance to the shrinking fleet of U.S.-flag ships, and to the maintenance of a reservoir of skilled U.S. mariners. Also, the cost of subsidizing U.S.-flag shipping has been reduced; MSP/VISA subsidies amount to considerably less than the cost of maintaining additional government-owned ships. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Navy & Marine Corps Intelligence Training Ctr, Virginia Beach, VA 23461 USA. RP Lewis, I (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS, INC PI ATLANTA PA 229 PEACHTREE ST, STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 26 EP 34 PG 9 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 439QN UT WOS:000169128700003 ER PT J AU Poggi, MM Johnstone, PAS Conner, RJ AF Poggi, MM Johnstone, PAS Conner, RJ TI Glycosaminoglycan content of human bladders: a method of analysis using cold-cup biopsies SO UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Bladder Cancer CY OCT, 1998 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN DE bladder; glycosaminoglycan; assay ID INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS; URINARY-BLADDER; PENTOSANPOLYSULFATE; SURFACE; LAYER; MECHANISM; HEPARIN AB A glycocalyx layer composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and ether molecules lines the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder. This laver forms a barrier between the transitional cells and urinary bladder environment and is believed to help prevent the adherence of bacteria, minerals and carcinogens. Investigators postulate that quantitative and/or qualitative defects in the GAG component may be responsible for a spectrum of acute and chronic disease processes ranging from urinary tract infections to cancer. While the presence of epithelium GAGs has been confirmed biochemically and histochemically, few rigorous characterizations have been performed. This study establishes the methodology and feasibility of using routine cold-cup biopsies from cadaveric human bladders for GAG analysis and establishes baseline contents of the sulfated and non-sulfated GAGs in the urinary bladder glycocalyx. Using detergent extraction, the GAGs from cold-cup biopsies (n = 34) from four cadaveric bladders were isolated. The isolates were subjected to two colorimetric assays to quantify both sulfated and non-sulfated GAGs. The nonsulfated GAG content of the bladder epithelium ranged from 2.15 x 10(-4) to 5.50 x 10(-4) mmol/kg of dry, defatted bladder. The sulfated GAG content ranged from 2.00 x 10(-1) to 7.40 x 10(-1) mmol/kg of dry, defatted bladder. These values are consistent with reports found in the literature using electrophoresis on full-thickness human bladder specimens. The GAG content of human bladder epithelium can be readily and accurately characterized from cold-cup biopsy samples. Our future plans involve using this routinely used technique to analyze samples from live control and disease-state bladders thereby demonstrating any quantitative and/or qualitative differences in GAG constituents. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NCI, Radiat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1078-1439 J9 UROL ONCOL JI Urol. Oncol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 5 IS 5 BP 234 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S1078-1439(00)00074-0 PG 4 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 390NH UT WOS:000166302300010 ER PT J AU Hubert, C Levy, J Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW AF Hubert, C Levy, J Cukauskas, EJ Kirchoefer, SW TI Mesoscopic microwave dispersion in ferroelectric thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BATIO3; DYNAMICS; DOMAINS AB The microwave dielectric response of a ferroelectric thin film is measured locally using time-resolved confocal scanning optical microscopy. Measurements performed on an ensemble of nanometer-scale regions show a well-defined phase shift between the paraelectric and ferroelectric response at 2-4 GHz. Application of a static electric field produces large local variations in the phase of the ferroelectric response. These variations are attributed to the growth of in-plane ferroelectric nanodomains whose size-dependent relaxation frequencies lead to strong dielectric dispersion at mesoscopic scales. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubert, C (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1998 EP 2001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1998 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 348BW UT WOS:000088965300055 ER PT J AU Komesu, T Borca, CN Jeong, HK Dowben, PA Ristoiu, D Nozieres, JP Stadler, S Idzerda, YU AF Komesu, T Borca, CN Jeong, HK Dowben, PA Ristoiu, D Nozieres, JP Stadler, S Idzerda, YU TI The polarization of Sb overlayers on NiMnSb(100) SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE NiMnSb Heusler alloys; inverse photoemission; angle resolved XPS; surfaces ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION; CALIBRATION; SURFACES; MNSB; XPS; BI AB We have investigated the induced polarization of paramagnetic Sb overlayers on the Heusler alloy NiMnSb. From combined X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and spin-polarized inverse photoemission spectroscopy (SPIPES), we can assign some of the unoccupied states of the Heusler alloy NiMnSb. With increasing thickness of the Sb overlayer, there is a decline in the density of states near the Fermi energy, as expected for a semimetal overlayer on a metallic substrate. While the Sb is polarized by the ferromagnetic NiMnSb substrate, consistent with the expectations of mean field theory, the polarization at the center of the surface/overlayer Brillouin zone cannot be easily related to the induced magnetization. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Behlen Lab Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. CNRS, Lab Louis Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. CNRS, Lab Louis Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. USN, Res Lab, Mat Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 28 PY 2000 VL 273 IS 4 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00490-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 351TY UT WOS:000089175300007 ER PT J AU Kozikowski, AP Tuckmantel, W George, C AF Kozikowski, AP Tuckmantel, W George, C TI Studies in polyphenol chemistry and bioactivity. 2. Establishment of interflavan linkage regio- and stereochemistry by oxidative degradation of an O-alkylated derivative of procyanidin B-2 to (R)-(-)-2,4-diphenylbutyric acid SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTING GROUPS; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; AROMATIC RINGS; DEOXYGENATION; PHENOLS; REDUCTION; 4-ARYLFLAVAN-3-OLS; HYDROGENOLYSIS; DEPROTECTION; EFFICIENT AB The assignment of interflavan bond regio- and stereochemistry in oligomeric proanthocyanidins has in the past relied on empirical spectroscopic techniques which are influenced by the conformation of the C rings. Only recently was the 4,8-regiochemistry of procyanidin B-2 (3b) firmly established by 2-dimensional NMR methods. We describe herein the proof of 4 beta-stereochemistry in 3b by oxidative degradation of the derivative 3d bearing differential (O-benzyl and O-methyl) protecting groups in its "top" and "bottom" epicatechin moieties, to (R)-(-)-2,4-diphenylbutyric acid. The key elements of the degradative process are (1) removal of the C-3 alcohol functions through a modified Barton deoxygenation employing hypophosphorous acid as the reducing agent; (2) deprotection of the "top" unit by hydrogenolysis, followed by exhaustive aryl triflate formation with N,N-bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)aniline and DBU in DMF; (3) hydrogenolytic deoxygenation of the "top" unit over Pearlman's catalyst with concomitant scission of the O-C2 bond; (4) selective oxidation of the 'bottom" unit with NaIO4/RuCl3. The hitherto unreported absolute configuration of(-)-2,4-diphenylbutyric acid was established as R by X-ray crystal structure analysis of the (R)-(+)-alpha-methylbenzylamine salt. As a corollary, the selectivity of hydrogenolytic and solvolytic reactions of epicatechin-derived tetrasulfonates has been investigated. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 53 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 25 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 17 BP 5371 EP 5381 DI 10.1021/jo000485+ PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 347MT UT WOS:000088934300039 PM 10993368 ER PT J AU Karpen, JT AF Karpen, JT TI NASA's living with a star initiative SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Karpen, JT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Karpen, Judith/E-1484-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 25 PY 2000 VL 289 IS 5483 BP 1296 EP 1296 DI 10.1126/science.289.5483.1296 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 347RF UT WOS:000088942400017 PM 17772991 ER PT J AU Zhao, LY Johnson, KM Zhang, M Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP AF Zhao, LY Johnson, KM Zhang, M Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP TI Chemical synthesis and pharmacology of 6-and 7-hydroxylated 2-carboanethoxy-3-(p-tolyl)tropanes: Antagonism of cocaine's locomotor stimulant effects SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; NEURONAL DOPAMINE; SELECTIVITY; AFFINITY; STEREOCHEMISTRY; INHIBITION; BINDING AB In our efforts to identify molecules that might act as cocaine antagonists or cocaine partial agonists, efforts were made to further capitalize on our earlier finding regarding the ability of a 7-methoxylated pseudococaine analogue to act as a weak cocaine functional antagonist. Herein, a series of the 6- and 7-hydroxylated WIN analogues possessing a boat or chair conformation of the tropane ring were prepared and tested for their ability to displace [H-3]mazindol binding and to inhibit high-affinity monoamine uptake into rat brain nerve endings. These 6- and 7-hydroxylated WIN analogues were readily prepared by use of a classical Willstatter synthesis to construct an appropriately functionalized tropane ring followed by use of a Suzuki coupling reaction to introduce the aryl group at position 3. Reduction of the resulting tropene by use of SmI2 or by catalytic hydrogenation followed by deprotection delivered the final target compounds. Some of these compounds were found to retain considerable affinity as inhibitors of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), but, they were less potent inhibitors of the serotonin transporter (SERT). None of the compounds of the present series revealed any substantial potency difference in [H-3]mazindol binding versus [H-3]DA uptake, and failed to show "cocaine antagonism" when tested for their ability to prevent cocaine's inhibition of DA transport. However, one of these hydroxylated WIN analogues, namely 12b, which possesses nanomolar potency at the DAT and NET and micromolar potency at the SERT, when tested in vivo, was found capable of attenuating cocaine's locomotor activity (AD(50) = 94 mg/kg). Taken together, this work provides further support for our hypothesis that drugs that. lack the ability to inhibit transport by all three monoaminergic transporters may exhibit "partial" cocaine-like properties, but act as cocaine antagonists. Consequently, it may prove valuable to examine the behavioral activity of other 6- and 7-substituted tropanes in animal behavioral paradigms in the search for a cocaine medication. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Johnson, Kenneth/E-7944-2014 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA10458, DA09045, DA05867] NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 24 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 17 BP 3283 EP 3294 DI 10.1021/jm000141b PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 349BJ UT WOS:000089023700011 PM 10966747 ER PT J AU Natishan, PM Lawrence, SH Foster, RL Lewis, J Sartwell, BD AF Natishan, PM Lawrence, SH Foster, RL Lewis, J Sartwell, BD TI Salt fog corrosion behavior of high-velocity oxygen-fuel thermal spray coatings compared to electrodeposited hard chromium SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE salt fog corrosion; high-velocity oxygen-fuel thermal spray; tungsten-carbide/cobalt; electrodeposited hard chrome AB The corrosion behavior of several coating/substrate combinations was determined using the ASTM B117 Salt Fog Test. The coatings were electrodeposited hard chromium (EHC) and two high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal-sprayed coatings, tungsten-carbide/cobalt (WC/Co) and Tribaloy 400 (T400). The substrates were 4340 steel, 7075 aluminum alloy, and PH13-8 stainless steel. On the 7075 Al alloy, a sulfamate nickel layer was deposited prior to the deposition of hard chromium. The results indicated that on the 4340 steel none of the coatings provided significant protection, with equivalent performance between the EHC and WC/Co coatings and slightly poorer performance for the T400. On the 7075 Al alloy, the EHC with sulfamate nickel exhibited excellent performance as no pits or blisters were noted on the faces or edges of the samples. The WC/Co showed no pitting or blistering on the faces but had a significant amount of pitting along the edges. The EHC and WC/Co coatings performed well on the 13-8 stainless steel as no pits or blisters were noted on the faces or edges. The T400 coatings had rust stains on the faces and edges but defects could not be seen with the unaided eye or at a 7X magnification. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Key West, FL USA. RP Natishan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 3 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 21 PY 2000 VL 130 IS 2-3 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00671-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 340UJ UT WOS:000088553100009 ER PT J AU Alexander, JJ Homrighausen, CL Bauer, JK AF Alexander, JJ Homrighausen, CL Bauer, JK TI Coupling of isocyanides, carbon monoxide, and alkynes on Mn. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 436-INOR BP U518 EP U518 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091202799 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, T Shade, JE AF Bitterwolf, T Shade, JE TI Photochemical reactions of cyclopentadienyl metal carbonyl dimers with hydrogen: Evidence for a CO-loss intermediate in the formation of metal hydrides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 307-INOR BP U499 EP U499 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091202673 ER PT J AU Bowen, CW AF Bowen, CW TI One more piece to teaching chemistry with computers: On-line quizzes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 327-CHED BP U180 EP U180 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200920 ER PT J AU Brady, RF Webb, AA AF Brady, RF Webb, AA TI Low solar absorbance coatings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 247-PMSE BP U365 EP U365 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302112 ER PT J AU Brady, RF AF Brady, RF TI Fracture mechanics of fouling release from nontoxic antifouling coatings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 245-PMSE BP U365 EP U365 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302110 ER PT J AU Braier, NC AF Braier, NC TI Simulations of small biomolecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Theoret Chem Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 162-COMP BP U301 EP U301 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201613 ER PT J AU Brown, GO Guardala, NA Price, JL Weiss, RG AF Brown, GO Guardala, NA Price, JL Weiss, RG TI Pyrenyl attachment to polyethylene is more selective with MeV range particles than with eV range photons. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 216-POLY BP U287 EP U287 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301615 ER PT J AU Canavan, HE O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE AF Canavan, HE O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE TI Sulfur K-edge analysis of biological materials by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 324-PHYS BP U203 EP U203 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301142 ER PT J AU Chen, G Steel, D Gammon, D Sham, LJ AF Chen, G Steel, D Gammon, D Sham, LJ TI Entangling two excitons in a single quantum dot. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 237-PHYS BP U190 EP U190 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301055 ER PT J AU Collins, GE Lu, Q AF Collins, GE Lu, Q TI Selective detection of uranium (VI) using a capillary electrophoresis microchip. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 19-NUCL BP U5 EP U5 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300020 ER PT J AU Ferrante, RF Moore, MH Nuth, JA Smith, T AF Ferrante, RF Moore, MH Nuth, JA Smith, T TI Laboratory studies of catalysis of CO to organics on cosmic grain analogs. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrochem Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 3-GEOC BP U404 EP U404 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091202144 ER PT J AU Flom, SR Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Snow, AW Maya, EM AF Flom, SR Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Snow, AW Maya, EM TI Nonlinear optical properties of a new pure liquid phthalocyanine. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 139-PMSE BP U349 EP U349 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302004 ER PT J AU Flom, SR Lindle, JR Bartoli, FJ Liu, MG Stegeman, GI AF Flom, SR Lindle, JR Bartoli, FJ Liu, MG Stegeman, GI TI Interdependence of the nonlinear response mechanisms of pTS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res Educ Opt & Lasers, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 82-PMSE BP U340 EP U340 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301947 ER PT J AU Floreancig, PE Kumar, VS AF Floreancig, PE Kumar, VS TI Development of an electron transfer initiated cyclization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 321-ORGN BP U83 EP U84 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300486 ER PT J AU Garland, NL Parker, JK AF Garland, NL Parker, JK TI Kinetics of the reaction Al(P-2)+SF6 in the temperature range 300-600K. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 408-PHYS BP U215 EP U216 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301226 ER PT J AU Garroway, AN Buess, ML Miller, JB AF Garroway, AN Buess, ML Miller, JB TI Detection of landmines by nuclear quadrupole resonance. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 135-ANYL BP U98 EP U99 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200462 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW Morgan, AB Harris, RH Trulove, PC De Long, HC Sutto, TE AF Gilman, JW Morgan, AB Harris, RH Trulove, PC De Long, HC Sutto, TE TI Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites: Thermal stability of organic cationic treatments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 68-PMSE BP U338 EP U338 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301933 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA Stuart, SJ Mikulski, PT Tutein, AB AF Harrison, JA Stuart, SJ Mikulski, PT Tutein, AB TI Effects of monolayer disorder on the friction of anchored alkane chains. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 378-POLY BP U310 EP U310 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301777 ER PT J AU Harrison, JA AF Harrison, JA TI Molecular dynamics modeling of scanning probe microscopy experiments. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 4-POLY BP U246 EP U246 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301403 ER PT J AU Hartshorn, GM Singh, A Chang, EL AF Hartshorn, GM Singh, A Chang, EL TI Metal-chelator polymers as biomimetic organophosphate catalysts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Geo Ctr Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 486-INOR BP U525 EP U525 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091202847 ER PT J AU Heimer, TA Kleiman, VD Burkey, TJ Heilweil, EJ AF Heimer, TA Kleiman, VD Burkey, TJ Heilweil, EJ TI Self-association reactions studied by broadband ultrafast IR spectroscopy. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & Opt Technol Div, Washington, DC USA. Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 163-PHYS BP U179 EP U179 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300981 ER PT J AU Homrighausen, CL Keller, TM AF Homrighausen, CL Keller, TM TI Silarylene-siloxane-diacetylene polymers as precursors to high temperature elastomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 6-PMSE BP U328 EP U329 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301871 ER PT J AU Keller, TM Dominguez, DD AF Keller, TM Dominguez, DD TI Inorganic-organic hybrid polymers for ultra high temperature applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 5-PMSE BP U328 EP U328 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301870 ER PT J AU Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D Melinger, JS AF Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D Melinger, JS TI Vibrational coherences: Coherent control and excitation dynamics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Elec Sci & Opt Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 457-PHYS BP U223 EP U223 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301272 ER PT J AU Koppes, W Ammon, HL Concha, MC Gilardi, R Politzer, P Sitzmann, ME AF Koppes, W Ammon, HL Concha, MC Gilardi, R Politzer, P Sitzmann, ME TI Monotriazolotriazines: A correction to the product structure in the dicyandiamide-hydrazine condensation reaction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, LSM 6030, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 493-ORGN BP U111 EP U111 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300658 ER PT J AU Kortus, J Pederson, MR Richardson, SL AF Kortus, J Pederson, MR Richardson, SL TI Density functional based prediction of the electronic, structural, and vibrational properties of the energetic molecule: Octanitrocubane. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Engn, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20509 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 274-ORGN BP U76 EP U76 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300440 ER PT J AU Kurihara, LK Lewis, D Flilflet, AW Bruce, RW AF Kurihara, LK Lewis, D Flilflet, AW Bruce, RW TI Millimeter wave gyrotron processing of nanocrystalline metallic films and powders using the polyol process. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 177-IEC BP U438 EP U438 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091202353 ER PT J AU Kushto, G Mitschke, U Bauerle, P Kafafi, Z AF Kushto, G Mitschke, U Bauerle, P Kafafi, Z TI Molecular organic light emitting devices utilizing end-capped oligothiophene oligoheterocycles as light emission centers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 217-PMSE BP U360 EP U360 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302082 ER PT J AU Lindsay, GA Chafin, AP Hayden, LM Kim, WK AF Lindsay, GA Chafin, AP Hayden, LM Kim, WK TI Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of a new syndioregic main-chain hydrazone polymer. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 230-PMSE BP U362 EP U362 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302095 ER PT J AU Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Noda, T Shirota, Y Kafafi, ZH AF Makinen, AJ Hill, IG Noda, T Shirota, Y Kafafi, ZH TI Photoemission study of frontier orbital evolution as a function of conjugation length in oligothiophene derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Osaka Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 105-PMSE BP U344 EP U344 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301970 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Deng, G Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Deng, G Gaber, BP TI Formation and adsorption properties of surface-imprinted silicates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bio Resource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 143-COLL BP U247 EP U247 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201279 ER PT J AU Masciangioli, TM Rice, JK AF Masciangioli, TM Rice, JK TI Photocycle dynamics in bacteriorhodopsin as a function of lipid environment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Mol Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 322-PHYS BP U203 EP U203 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301140 ER PT J AU McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Kleiman, VD Lotshaw, WT Thantu, N Loughnane, BJ Farrer, RA Fourkas, JT AF McMorrow, D Melinger, JS Kleiman, VD Lotshaw, WT Thantu, N Loughnane, BJ Farrer, RA Fourkas, JT TI Analysis of intermolecular coordinate contributions to the ultrafast third-order spectroscopy of liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Gen Elec Res & Dev Ctr, Schenectady, NY USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Boston Coll, Eugene F Merkert Chem Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 198-PHYS BP U184 EP U185 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301016 ER PT J AU Melinger, JS Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D Grohn, F Bauer, BJ Amis, EJ AF Melinger, JS Kleiman, VD McMorrow, D Grohn, F Bauer, BJ Amis, EJ TI Ultrafast dynamics of gold nanoparticles embedded in a dendrimer host. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 429-PHYS BP U219 EP U219 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301247 ER PT J AU Metz, PA AF Metz, PA TI Implementation issues for inquiry based laboratory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 300-CHED BP U176 EP U176 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200893 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW AF Mushrush, GW TI Instability and incompatibility. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 15-PETR BP U140 EP U140 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300760 ER PT J AU Owrutsky, JC Baronavski, AP AF Owrutsky, JC Baronavski, AP TI Ultrafast studies of methyl sulfonyl unimolecular dissociation dynamics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 456-PHYS BP U223 EP U223 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301271 ER PT J AU Ozretich, RJ Young, DR Chadwick, DB AF Ozretich, RJ Young, DR Chadwick, DB TI Comparison of measured and computed interstitial water concentrations in the assessment of PAH and PCB contamination at an industrial waterway. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. USN, SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Div Environm Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 339-ENVR BP U369 EP U369 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201961 ER PT J AU Pangilinan, GI Botcher, T Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP AF Pangilinan, GI Botcher, T Ladouceur, HD Russell, TP TI Probing the deflagration chemistry of RDX at static high-pressures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 403-PHYS BP U215 EP U215 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301221 ER PT J AU Peiris, SM Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP AF Peiris, SM Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP TI Laser-induced decomposition of TATB at pressure to 2.0 GPa. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, High Energy Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 402-PHYS BP U215 EP U215 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301220 ER PT J AU Picciolo, LC Murata, H Kafafi, ZH AF Picciolo, LC Murata, H Kafafi, ZH TI Stable and efficient organic light emitting devices with saturated red emission. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 227-PMSE BP U362 EP U362 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302092 ER PT J AU Price, RR Brady, RF AF Price, RR Brady, RF TI Natural product biofouling control: Practical considerations in the formulation of workable coatings based on entrapment and release from microtubules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 248-PMSE BP U365 EP U365 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302113 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, DR TI One woman's view of analytical chemistry in a US federal (and military) laboratory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 3-ANYL BP U79 EP U79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200331 ER PT J AU Sakamuri, S George, C Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP AF Sakamuri, S George, C Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis of novel spirocyclic cocaine analogs using the Suzuki coupling. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 455-ORGN BP U105 EP U105 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300620 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ George, C Knight, DA AF Schull, TL Brandow, SL Dressick, WJ George, C Knight, DA TI Convenient synthesis of water-soluble triarylphosphines from red phosphorus and aryl fluorides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 53-ORGN BP U40 EP U40 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300219 ER PT J AU Shade, JE Rest, A AF Shade, JE Rest, A TI Synthesis and matrix isolation studies of isocyanide iron complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21404 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Chem, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 437-INOR BP U518 EP U518 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091202800 ER PT J AU Singh, A Zabetakis, D AF Singh, A Zabetakis, D TI Efficient syntheisis of diacetylenic acids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 320-ORGN BP U83 EP U83 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300485 ER PT J AU Sorathia, U Gracik, T Ness, J Blum, M Le, A Scholl, B Long, G AF Sorathia, U Gracik, T Ness, J Blum, M Le, A Scholl, B Long, G TI Fire safety of marine composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, W Bethesda, MD 21012 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 41-PMSE BP U334 EP U334 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301906 ER PT J AU Stanish, I Tender, LM Singh, A AF Stanish, I Tender, LM Singh, A TI Electron transport across polymerized vesicle membranes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 172-COLL BP U252 EP U252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201308 ER PT J AU Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC AF Steinhurst, DA Owrutsky, JC TI Second harmonic generation from oxazine dyes at the air-water interface. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Owrutsky, Jeffrey/K-7649-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 347-PHYS BP U207 EP U207 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301165 ER PT J AU Teichert, MA Stacy, AM AF Teichert, MA Stacy, AM TI Effects of discussion style on students' understanding of chemical bond energy and thermodynamics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 341-CHED BP U182 EP U182 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200934 ER PT J AU Thomsen, DL Keller, P Pink, R Naciri, J Shenoy, D Ratna, BR AF Thomsen, DL Keller, P Pink, R Naciri, J Shenoy, D Ratna, BR TI Mechanical responses approaching stress, strain, and time scale properties of muscle using anisotropic liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Curie, Sect Rech, Lab Phys Chim Curie, CNRS UMR 168, F-75231 Paris, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 272-PMSE BP U369 EP U369 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302137 ER PT J AU Trammell, A Tender, LM Conrad, DW Hellinga, HW AF Trammell, A Tender, LM Conrad, DW Hellinga, HW TI Development of redox probes for reagentless biosensors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 59-ANYL BP U88 EP U88 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200386 ER PT J AU Uilk, J Bullock, S Johnston, E Wynne, KJ Merwin, L Myers, S AF Uilk, J Bullock, S Johnston, E Wynne, KJ Merwin, L Myers, S TI Elastomers from alpha,omega-dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane and the ethoxysiloxane mixture "ES40": Bulk characterization and surface features. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Sch Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Naval Res Lab, Mat Chem Branch, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 184-POLY BP U282 EP U282 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301583 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ Asif, SAS Colton, RJ AF Wahl, KJ Asif, SAS Colton, RJ TI Sliding transitions, mechanics, and dissipation in nanoscale contacts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 277-POLY BP U296 EP U296 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301676 ER PT J AU Whitaker, CM AF Whitaker, CM TI Synthesis and properties of laterally substituted mesogens. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 399-ORGN BP U96 EP U96 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300564 ER PT J AU Young, DR Ozretich, RJ Chadwick, DB AF Young, DR Ozretich, RJ Chadwick, DB TI GC/MS measurement of PAH and PCB in small-volume samples of water overlying contaminated sediment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. USN, SPAWAR Syst Ctr, Div Environm Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 334-ENVR BP U368 EP U368 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201956 ER PT J AU DeVore, CR AF DeVore, CR TI Magnetic helicity generation by solar differential rotation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; CLOUDS; FLUX; FIELDS; FILAMENTS; WIND; ATMOSPHERE; REGIONS AB Observations of sunspots, active regions, filaments, coronal arcades, and interplanetary magnetic clouds indicate that the Sun preferentially exhibits left-handed, negative-helicity features in its northern hemisphere and their opposite counterparts in the south, independent of sunspot cycle. We investigate quantitatively the generation of magnetic helicity by solar differential rotation acting on emerged bipolar sources of flux, using analytical and numerical methods. We find that the vast majority of bipoles absorb negative helicity in the northern hemisphere and positive helicity in the south, in accord with observations. After 2-4 solar rotation periods have elapsed, the helicity generated by differential rotation amounts to about 10% of the bipole's squared flux. Thus, each of the approximately 1 x 10(3) large bipolar regions emergent on the Sun during sunspot cycle 21 entrained about 1 x 10(43) Mx(2) Of helicity in its 1 x 10(22) Mx Of flux. We show further that the roughly 5 x 10(3) coronal mass ejections and associated interplanetary magnetic clouds that departed the Sun during the cycle carried off about 5 x 10(24) MX of flux and 1 x 10(46) Mx(2) Of helicity, within a factor of 2 of the estimates for solar production of these quantities. Evidently, differential rotation acting on emerged bipolar sources of flux can account quantitatively for the magnetic helicity balance of the Sun and the heliosphere, as well as for the observed prevalence of negative-helicity magnetic features in the north and positive-helicity features in the south. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeVore, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM devore@nrl.navy.mil RI DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 52 TC 154 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 539 IS 2 BP 944 EP 953 DI 10.1086/309274 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353AY UT WOS:000089252600041 ER PT J AU DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK AF DeVore, CR Antiochos, SK TI Dynamical formation and stability of helical prominence magnetic fields SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; SOLAR PROMINENCES; MAGNETOSTATIC STRUCTURES; ERUPTIVE PROMINENCES; KINK INSTABILITY; FLUX ROPES; MODEL; FILAMENTS; SUPPORT AB We numerically simulated an initially bipolar magnetic field subjected to shear motions concentrated near and parallel to the photospheric polarity inversion line. The simulations yield three principal results: (1) For footpoint displacements comparable to the bipole's depth, the sheared core field acquires a dipped geometry that can support cool prominence material against gravity. This confirms previous force-free equilibrium models for forming dipped prominence fields by differential shear and extends them to much larger applied shears and time-dependent dynamics with dissipation. (2) At larger shears, we discover a new mechanism for forming the helical magnetic fields of prominences. It entails a two-step process of magnetic reconnection in the corona. First, flux in the sheared core reconnects with flux in the unsheared, restraining arcade, producing new pairs of interlinked field lines. Second, as these interlinked fields continue to be sheared, they are brought together and reconnect again, producing helical field threading and enveloping the body of the prominence. This mechanism can account for the twist that is often observed in both quiescent and erupting prominences. (3) Even for very large shears, the dipped, helical structure settles into an apparently stable equilibrium, despite the substantial amount of reconnection and twist in the magnetic field. We conclude that neither a kink instability of the helical core held, nor a tether-cutting instability of the restraining arcade, is operating in our low-lying model prominence. This concurs with both observations and a theoretical model for prominence stability. C1 USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeVore, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM devore@nrl.navy.mil; antiochos@nrl.navy.mil RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012; DeVore, C/A-6067-2015 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312; DeVore, C/0000-0002-4668-591X NR 57 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 539 IS 2 BP 954 EP 963 DI 10.1086/309275 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353AY UT WOS:000089252600042 ER PT J AU Krall, J Chen, J Santoro, R AF Krall, J Chen, J Santoro, R TI Drive mechanisms of erupting solar magnetic flux ropes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : prominences ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION; PROMINENCE MATERIAL; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; FIELD MEASUREMENTS; CURRENT LOOPS; JANUARY 1997; CLOUDS; WIND AB The dynamics of magnetic flux ropes near the Sun and in interplanetary space are studied using a magnetohydrodynamic model of erupting magnetic flux ropes. In this model, the magnetic structure of a coronal mass ejection (CME) corresponds to a flux rope with footpoints that remain anchored below the photosphere. The model flux rope eruption can be driven by a rapid increase in poloidal flux (flux injection), a quasi-static increase in poloidal flux (photospheric footpoint twisting), a rapid release of stored magnetic energy (magnetic energy release), or a rapid increase in the amount of hot plasma within the flux rope (hot plasma injection). Model results are compared with Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph data (from the CME of 1997 April 13) and with interplanetary magnetic cloud data over the range 0.4-5 AU. Of these mechanisms, only flux injection and magnetic energy release reproduce key features of the data both near the Sun and in the interplanetary medium and only Bur injection obtains a detailed match to the near-Sun dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krall, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 99 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 539 IS 2 BP 964 EP 982 DI 10.1086/309256 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 353AY UT WOS:000089252600043 ER PT J AU Chen, Y McCarron, RM Ohara, Y Bembry, J Azzam, N Lenz, FA Shohami, E Mechoulam, R Spatz, M AF Chen, Y McCarron, RM Ohara, Y Bembry, J Azzam, N Lenz, FA Shohami, E Mechoulam, R Spatz, M TI Human brain capillary endothelium - 2-arachidonoglycerol (endocannabinoid) interacts with endothelin-1 SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE brain endothelial function; 2-arachidonoglycerol; endothelin-1; endothelium; cannabinoids ID VASODILATOR-STIMULATED PHOSPHOPROTEIN; NITRIC-OXIDE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ACTIN-FILAMENTS; CELLS; CA2+; 2-ARACHIDONOYLGLYCEROL; MOBILIZATION; INHIBITION; RECEPTORS AB In brain, the regulatory mechanism of the endothelial reactivity to nitric oxide and endothelin-l may involve Ca2+, cytoskeleton, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein changes mediated by the cGMP/cGMP kinase system.(1) Endothelium of human brain capillaries or microvessels is used to examine the interplay of endothelin-1 with the putative vasorelaxant 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, an endogenous cannabimimetic derivative of arachidonic acid. This study demonstrates that 2-arachidonoyl glycerol counteracts Ca2+ mobilization and cytoskeleton rearrangement induced by endothelin-1. This event is independent of nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase and is mediated in part by cannabimimetic CB1 receptor, G protein, phosphoinositol signal transduction pathway, and Ca2+-activated K+ channels. The induced rearrangements of cellular cytoskeleton (actin or vimentin) are partly prevented by inhibition of protein kinase C or high levels of potassium chloride, The 2-arachidonoyl glycerol-induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein is mediated by cAMP, These findings suggest that 2-arachidonoyl glycerol may contribute to the regulation of cerebral capillary and microvascular function. C1 NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Baltimore, MD USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Spatz, M (reprint author), NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, 36 Convent Dr,MSC 4128, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM spatzm@ninds.nih.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-09789] NR 28 TC 41 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD AUG 18 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 4 BP 323 EP 327 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 347WA UT WOS:000088951100012 PM 10948067 ER PT J AU Justh, EW Kub, FJ AF Justh, EW Kub, FJ TI Feedback phase-shift compensation for adaptive interference cancellers SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB An algorithm typically used for adaptive co-site interference cancellers (for frequency-hopping spread-spectrum communications systems) is the least-mean-square error (LMS) algorithm. As adaptive cancellation moves into L-band and S-band, feedback system stability becomes a critical issue for co-site interference cancellers using the LMS algorithm. The authors present a technique for compensating the high-frequency feedback path phase shifts leading to instability with an additional complex weight multiplication at baseband. Simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the technique. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Justh, EW (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 17 BP 1503 EP 1505 DI 10.1049/el:20000994 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 348QF UT WOS:000088996500044 ER PT J AU Knoke, JD Smith, TC Gray, GC Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW AF Knoke, JD Smith, TC Gray, GC Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW TI Factor analysis of self-reported symptoms: Does it identify a Gulf War syndrome? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE factor analysis; statistical; military medicine; Persian Gulf syndrome; symptoms and general pathology; veterans ID VETERANS; ILLNESS AB Active duty US Naval mobile construction battalion personnel (Seabees) were surveyed in 1994 for the presence of a variety of symptoms. Questions were drawn from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and from a collection of symptoms either defining clinical depression or commonly reported by Persian Gulf War veterans. Of those surveyed, 524 were Gulf War veterans and 935 were nondeployed Gulf War-era veterans. Factor analysis applied to Gulf War Veterans yielded five factors, three deriving from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, one suggesting clinical depression, and one containing symptoms commonly reported by Gulf War veterans. Factor analysis applied to nondeployed veterans yielded five similar factors. Three of the factors yielded statistically significantly greater standardized factor scores for Gulf War veterans than for nondeployed veterans. Four of the factors resembled factors resulting from a previous analysis on a sample of similar Gulf War veterans. Gulf War veterans and nondeployed era veterans reported similar clusters of symptoms and illnesses. However, Gulf War Veterans reported these same clusters with greater frequencies than did nondeployed veterans. The authors conclude that, in contrast to a previous report, factor analysis did not identify a unique Gulf War syndrome. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Epidemiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, DoD Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Sci & Epidemiol Dept, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 4 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1093/aje/152.4.379 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 345RV UT WOS:000088829700010 PM 10968383 ER PT J AU Granger, MC Witek, M Xu, JS Wang, J Hupert, M Hanks, A Koppang, MD Butler, JE Lucazeau, G Mermoux, M Strojek, JW Swain, GM AF Granger, MC Witek, M Xu, JS Wang, J Hupert, M Hanks, A Koppang, MD Butler, JE Lucazeau, G Mermoux, M Strojek, JW Swain, GM TI Standard electrochemical behavior of high-quality, boron-doped polycrystalline diamond thin-film electrodes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODES; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TRANSFER KINETICS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ASCORBIC-ACID; OXIDATION; GRAPHITE; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; HYDROGEN AB Standard electrochemical data for high-quality, boron-doped diamond thin film electrodes are presented. Films from two different sources were compared (NRL and USU) and both were highly conductive, hydrogen-terminated, and polycrystalline, The films are acid washed and hydrogen plasma treated prior to use to remove nondiamond carbon impurity phases and to hydrogen terminate the surface. The boron-doping level of the NRL film was estimated to be in the mid 10(19) B/cm(3) range, and the boron-doping level of the USU films was similar to 5 x 10(20) B/cm(-3) based on boron nuclear reaction analysis. The electrochemical response was evaluated using Fe(CN)(6)(3-/4-), Ru(NH3)(6)(3+/2+), IrCl62-/3-, methyl viologen, dopamine, ascorbic acid, Fe3+/2+, and chlorpromazine, Comparisons are made between the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants, k(app)(o), observed at these high-quality diamond films and the rate constants reported in the literature for freshly activated glassy carbon. Ru(NH3)(6)(3+/2+), IrCl62-/3-, methyl viologen, and chlorpromazine all involve electron transfer that is insensitive to the diamond surface microstructure and chemistry with k(app)(o) in the 10(-2)-10(-1) cm/s range. The rate constants are mainly influenced by the electronic properties of the films. Fe(CN)(6)(3-/4-) undergoes electron transfer that is extremely sensitive to the surface chemistry with k(app)(o) in the range of 10(-2)-10(-1) cm/s at the hydrogen-terminated surface. An oxygen surface termination severely inhibits the rate of electron transfer. Fe3+/2+ undergoes slow electron transfer at the hydrogen-terminated surface with k(app)(o) near 10(-5) cm/s, The rate of electron transfer at sp(2) carbon electrodes is known to be mediated by surface carbonyl functionalities; however, this inner-sphere, catalytic pathway is absent on diamond due to the hydrogen termination. Dopamine, like other catechol and catecholamines, undergoes sluggish electron transfer with k(app)(o) between 10(-4) and 10(-5) cm/s, Converting the surface to an oxygen termination has little effect on k(app)(o). The slow kinetics may be related to weak adsorption of these analytes on the diamond surface. Ascorbic acid oxidation is very sensitive to the surface termination with the most negative E-p(ox) observed at the hydrogen-terminated surface. An oxygen surface termination shifts E-p(ox) positive by some 250 mV or more. An interfacial energy diagram is proposed to explain the electron transfer whereby the midgap density of states results primarily from the boron doping level and the lattice hydrogen. The films were additionally characterized by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman imaging spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetric and kinetic data presented can serve as a benchmark for research groups evaluating the electrochemical properties of semimetallic (i.e., conductive), hydrogen-terminated, polycrystalline diamond. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ S Dakota, Dept Chem, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Domaine Univ, Associee UJF, CNRS,UMR 5631 INPG, Lab Electrochim & Physicochim Mat & Interfaces, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Silesian Tech Univ, Fac Chem, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland. RP Swain, GM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Swain, Greg/B-3023-2010; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Swain, Greg/0000-0001-6498-8351; Granger, Michael/0000-0002-2385-6413 NR 56 TC 295 Z9 296 U1 11 U2 124 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 72 IS 16 BP 3793 EP 3804 DI 10.1021/ac0000675 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 343NV UT WOS:000088709200016 ER PT J AU Lean, J AF Lean, J TI Evolution of the sun's spectral irradiance since the Maunder Minimum SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RECONSTRUCTION; DEPENDENCE; STARS; CYCLE; NM AB Because of the dependence of the Sun's irradiance on solar activity reductions from contemporary levels are expected during the seventeenth century Maunder Minimum. New reconstructions of spectral irradiance are developed since 1600 with absolute scales traceable to space-based observations. The long-term variations track the envelope of group sunspot numbers and have amplitudes consistent with the range of Ca II brightness in Sun-like stars. Estimated increases since 1675 are 0.7%, 0.2% and 0.07% in broad ultraviolet, visible/near infrared and infrared spectral bands, with a total irradiance increase of 0.2%. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lean, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7673L, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 18 TC 351 Z9 359 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 16 BP 2425 EP 2428 DI 10.1029/2000GL000043 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 344QZ UT WOS:000088771500019 ER PT J AU Herbers, THC Hendrickson, EJ O'Reilly, WC AF Herbers, THC Hendrickson, EJ O'Reilly, WC TI Propagation of swell across a wide continental shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PARABOLIC EQUATION METHOD; OCEAN WAVE SPECTRA; BOTTOM FRICTION; WATER; MODELS AB The transformation of ocean swell across a wide, shallow (nominal depths 25-50 m) continental shelf is examined with data from a 100 km long transect of bottom, pressure recorders extending from the shelf break to the beach at Duck, North Carolina. The analysis is restricted to periods with light winds when surface boundary layer processes (e.g., wave generation by wind and wave breaking in the form of whitecaps) are expected to be relatively unimportant. The majority of the observations with low-energy incident swell conditions (significant wave heights <1 m) shows weak variations in swell energy across the shelf, in qualitative agreement with predictions of a spectral refraction model. Although the predicted ray trajectories of waves propagating over the irregular shelf bathymetry are quite sensitive to the deep water incident wave directions, the predicted spatial energy variations for broadbanded wave fields are small and relatively insensitive to incident wave conditions, consistent with the observations, Whereas swell dissipation on the shelf appears to be insignificant in low-energy conditions, strong attenuation of swell energy levels (a factor 4 between the shelf break and nearshore sites) was observed in high-energy conditions (significant wave height 2.5 m), This decay, not predicted by the energy-conserving: refraction model, indicates that dissipative bottom boundary layer processes can play an important role in the transformation of swell across wide continental shelves. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Herbers, THC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C8 BP 19729 EP 19737 DI 10.1029/2000JC900085 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 344FJ UT WOS:000088748300016 ER PT J AU Lin, RQ Su, MY AF Lin, RQ Su, MY TI Generating deep water three-dimensional waves by coupling four-wave and five-wave interactions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVES; FINITE DEPTH; INSTABILITIES; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Su [1982a, b] reported the results of experiments that demonstrate the occasional predominance of three-dimensional waves in deep waters. Three-dimensional waves require the interaction of five- (or more) wave modes. However, both instability analysis MacLean, 1982] and numerical simulation [Lin and Perrie, 1997a, b] demonstrate that five-wave interactions have nonlinear transfer rates 2 orders of magnitude less than those for four-wave interactions in deep waters. Su and Green [1984] suggested that two-dimensional instabilities generate waves whose steepening beyond a critical point then triggers three-dimensional instabilities, a phenomenon known to occur in shallow water. We report the results of simulations that confirm the coupling of four- and five-wave interactions in deep water but show that this coupling occurs in response to decreases in spectral width rather than increases in wave steepness. In contrast to the shallow water scenario, the wave steepness never reaches critical values. C1 USN, Hydromech Directorate, David Taylor Model Basin, Carderock Div,Surface Weapons Ctr, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lin, RQ (reprint author), USN, Hydromech Directorate, David Taylor Model Basin, Carderock Div,Surface Weapons Ctr, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C8 BP 19739 EP 19744 DI 10.1029/2000JC000349 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 344FJ UT WOS:000088748300017 ER PT J AU Charest, H Sedegah, M Yap, GS Gazzinelli, RT Caspar, P Hoffman, SL Sher, A AF Charest, H Sedegah, M Yap, GS Gazzinelli, RT Caspar, P Hoffman, SL Sher, A TI Recombinant attenuated Toxoplasma gondii expressing the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein provides highly effective priming for CD8(+) T cell-dependent protective immunity against malarial SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IFN-GAMMA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; MEDIATED CYTOLYSIS; SELECTABLE MARKER; GENE REPLACEMENT; MICE; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; RESISTANCE; VACCINE AB The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii elicits strong cell-mediated immunity against itself as well as nonspecific resistance against other pathogens and tumors, For this reason, we asked whether recombinant Toxoplasma could be utilized as an effective vaccine vehicle for inducing immunity against heterologous microbial infections. The circumsporozoite protein (PyCSP) of Plasmodium yoelii was engineered into a T. gondii temperature-sensitive strain (ts-4), a mutant that induces complete protection against virulent Toxoplasma challenge. When administered to mice in a single dose, a recombinant ts-4 (CSC3) that both secretes and expresses surface PyCSP induced strong anti-CSP Ab responses, with an isotype distribution pattern similar to that stimulated by the T. gondii carrier. When challenged with P, yoelii sporozoites during the first month after CSC3 vaccination, these animals displayed substantial levels of nonspecific resistance attributable entirely to the T. gondii carrier, Nevertheless, after the nonspecific protection had waned, high levels (up to 79%) of specific immunity against sporozoite challenge were achieved by boosting the animals with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing PyCSP. These CSC3-primed PyCSP-vaccinia-boosted mice displayed high frequencies of splenic PyCSP-specific IFN-gamma-producing cells, as well as CD8(+) T cell-dependent cytolytic activity. In vivo depletion of CD8(+) lymphocytes at the time of challenge completely ablated protective immunity in the T, gondii-primed/vaccinia-boosted animals, while neutralization of IFN-gamma or IL-12 caused a partial but significant reduction In resistance. Together these findings establish the efficacy of recombinant attenuated Toxoplasma as a vaccine vehicle for priming CD8(+)-dependent cell-mediated immunity. C1 NIAID, Immunobiol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biochem & Immunol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Sher, A (reprint author), NIAID, Immunobiol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 4,Room 126,4 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Alan_Sher@nih.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 BP 2084 EP 2092 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 342BW UT WOS:000088626200047 PM 10925293 ER PT J AU Durkee, PA Noone, KJ Bluth, RT AF Durkee, PA Noone, KJ Bluth, RT TI The Monterey Area Ship Track experiment SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LEVEL CLOUD ALBEDO; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; PHYTOPLANKTON; ATLANTIC; PARTICLE; SIZE; SEA AB In June 1994 the Monterey Area Ship Track (MAST) experiment was conducted off the coast of California to investigate the processes behind anthropogenic modification of cloud albedo. The motivation for the MAST experiment is described here, as well as details of the experimental design, Measurement platforms and strategies are explained, and a summary of experiment operations is presented The experiment produced the largest dataset to date of direct measurements of the effects of ships on the microphysics and radiative properties of marine stratocumulus clouds as an analog for the indirect effects of anthropogenic pollution on cloud albedo. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Durkee, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 44 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2523 EP 2541 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2523:TMASTE>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800002 ER PT J AU Durkee, PA Chartier, RE Brown, A Trehubenko, EJ Rogerson, SD Skupniewicz, C Nielsen, KE Platnick, S King, MD AF Durkee, PA Chartier, RE Brown, A Trehubenko, EJ Rogerson, SD Skupniewicz, C Nielsen, KE Platnick, S King, MD TI Composite ship track characteristics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOLS; CLIMATE AB The physical and radiative properties of a composite ship track are described from the analysis of 131 ship-ship track correlation pairs collected during the Monterey Area Ship Track experiment. The significant variability uf ship tracks around their average characteristics is also described. The nominal environmental conditions for the ship track set are also described. The composite ship track is 296 +/- 233 km long, 7.3 +/- 6 h old, and averages 9 +/- 5 km wide. The ship is, on the average, 16 +/- 8 km from of the head of the ship track along the relative wind vector and corresponds to a time of 2.5 +/- 15 min. The set of ship tracks examined in this study formed in marine boundary layers that were between 300 and 750 m deep, and no tracks formed in boundary layers above 800 m. The tracks form in regions of high relative humidity: small air-sea temperature differences, and moderate winds (average of 7.7 +/- 3.1 m s(-1)). The ambient cloud reflectance in advanced very high resolution radiometer channel 3 (3.7-mu m wavelength) is 11 +/- 4%, while the composite ship track Value is 14 +/- 5%. The relative track brightness is 7 +/- 26% and 37 +/- 34% for 0.63- and 3.7-mu m wavelengths, respectively. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Durkee, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2542 EP 2553 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2542:CSTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800003 ER PT J AU Durkee, PA Noone, KJ Ferek, RJ Johnson, DW Taylor, JP Garrett, TJ Hobbs, PV Hudson, JG Bretherton, CS Innis, G Frick, GM Hoppel, WA O'Dowd, CD Russell, LM Gasparovic, R Nielsen, KE Tessmer, SA Ostrom, E Osborne, SR Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Rand, H AF Durkee, PA Noone, KJ Ferek, RJ Johnson, DW Taylor, JP Garrett, TJ Hobbs, PV Hudson, JG Bretherton, CS Innis, G Frick, GM Hoppel, WA O'Dowd, CD Russell, LM Gasparovic, R Nielsen, KE Tessmer, SA Ostrom, E Osborne, SR Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Rand, H TI The impact of ship-produced aerosols on the microstructure and albedo of warm marine stratocumulus clouds: A test of MAST hypotheses 1i and 1ii SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL AB Anomalously high reflectivity tracks in stratus and stratocumulus sheets associated with ships (known as ship tracks) are commonly een in visible and near-infrared satellite imagery, Until now there have been only a limited number of in situ measurements made in ship tracks. The Monterey Area Ship Track (MAST) experiment, which was conducted off the coast of California in June 1994, provided a substantial dataset on ship emissions and their effects on boundary layer clouds. Several platforms, including the University of Washington C-131A aircraft, the Meteorological Research Flight C-130 aircraft, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ER-2 aircraft. the Naval Research Laboratory airship, the Research Vessel Glorita, and dedicated U.S. Navy ships, participated in MAST in order to study processes governing the formation and maintenance of ship tracks. This paper tests the hypotheses that the cloud microphysical changes that produce ship tracks are due to (a) particulate emission from the ship's stack and/or (b) sea-salt particles from the ship's wake. it was found that ships powered by diesel propulsion units that emitted high concentrations of aerosols in the: accumulation mode produced ship tracks. Ships that produced few particles (such as nuclear ships), or ships that produced high concentrations of particles but at sizes tao small to be activated as cloud drops in typical stratocumulus (such as gas turbine and some steam-powered ships), did not produce ship tracks. Statistics and case studies, combined with model simulations, show that provided a cloud layer is susceptible to an aerosol perturbation, and the atmospheric stability enables aerosol to be mixed throughout the boundary layer. the direct emissions of cloud condensation nuclei from the stack of a diesel-powered ship is the most likely, if not the only, cause of the formation of ship tracks. There was no evidence that salt particles from ship wakes cause ship tracks. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Meteorol Off, Farnborough, Hants, England. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. SAIC, San Diego, CA USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Sunderland, Sunderland SR2 7EE, Durham, England. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Durkee, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012 OI O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212 NR 35 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2554 EP 2569 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2554:TIOSPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800004 ER PT J AU Hobbs, PV Garrett, TJ Ferek, RJ Strader, SR Hegg, DA Frick, GM Hoppel, WA Gasparovic, RF Russell, LM Johnson, DW O'Dowd, C Durkee, PA Nielsen, KE Innis, G AF Hobbs, PV Garrett, TJ Ferek, RJ Strader, SR Hegg, DA Frick, GM Hoppel, WA Gasparovic, RF Russell, LM Johnson, DW O'Dowd, C Durkee, PA Nielsen, KE Innis, G TI Emissions from ships with respect to their effects on clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SUPERSATURATION; SEA AB Emissions of particles, gases, heat, and water vapor from ships are discussed with respect to their potential for changing the microstructure of marine stratiform clouds and producing the phenomenon known as "ship tracks." Airborne measurements are used to derive emission factors of SO, and NO from diesel-powered and steam turbine-powered ships, burning low-grade marine fuel oil (MFO); they were similar to 15-89 and similar to 2-25 g kg(-1) of fuel burned, respectively. By contrast a steam turbine-powered ship burning high-grade navy distillate fuel had an SO2 emission factor of similar to 6 g kg(-1). Various typos of ships, burning both MFO and navy distillate fuel, emitted from similar to 4 x 10(15) to 2 x 10(16) total particles per kilogram of fuel burned (similar to 4 x 10(15)-1.5 x 10(16) particles per secondi. However, diesel-powered ships burning MFO emitted particles with a larger mode radius (similar to 0.02-0.05 mu m) and larger maximum sizes than those powered by steam turbines burning navy distillate fuel (mode radius similar to 0.02 mu m). Consequently, if the particles have similar chemical compositions, those emitted by diesel ships burning MFO will serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at lower supersaturations land will therefore be more likely to produce ship tracks) than the particles emitted by steam turbine ships burning distillate fuel. Since steam turbine-powered ships fueled by MFO emit particles with a mode radius similar to that of diesel-powered ships fueled by MFO, it appears that, for given ambient conditions, the type of fuel burned by a ship is more important than the type of ship engine in determining whether or not a ship will produce a ship track. However, more measurements are needed to test this hypothesis. The particles emitted from ships appear to be primarily organics, possibly combined with sulfuric acid produced by gas-to-particle conversion of SO2. Comparison of model results with measurements in ship tracks suggests that the particles from ships contain only about 10% water-soluble materials. Measurements of the total particles entering marine stratiform clouds from diesel-powered ships fueled by MFO, and increases in droplet concentrations produced by these particles, show that only about 12% of the particles serve as CCN. The fluxes of beat and water vapor from ships are estimated to be similar to 2-22 MW and similar to 0.5-1.5 kg s(-1), respectively. These emissions rarely produced measurable temperature perturbations, and never produced detectable perturbations in water vapor, in the plumes from ships. Nuclear-powered ships, which emit heat but negligible particles. do not produce ship tracks. Therefore, it is concluded that heat and water vapor emissions do nor play a significant role in ship track formation and that particle emissions, particularly from those burning low-grade fuel oil, are responsible for ship track formation. Subsequent papers in this special issue discuss and test these hypotheses. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Met Off, Farnborough, Hants, England. Univ Sunderland, Sunderland SR2 7EE, Durham, England. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. SAIC, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hobbs, PV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012 OI O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212 NR 34 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2570 EP 2590 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2570:EFSWRT>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800005 ER PT J AU Platnick, S Durkee, PA Nielsen, K Taylor, JP Tsay, SC King, MD Ferek, RJ Hobbs, PV Rottman, JW AF Platnick, S Durkee, PA Nielsen, K Taylor, JP Tsay, SC King, MD Ferek, RJ Hobbs, PV Rottman, JW TI The role of background cloud microphysics in the radiative formation of ship tracks SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SATELLITE; FIRE; ALBEDO; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VALIDATION; ABSORPTION AB The authors investigate the extent to which the contrast brightness of ship tracks, that is, the relative change in observed solar reflectance, in visible and near-infrared imagery can be explained by the microphysics of the background cloud in which they form. The sensitivity of visible and near-infrared wavelengths for detecting reflectance changes in ship tracks is discussed, including the use of a modified cloud susceptibility parameter, termed the "contrast susceptibility," for assessing the sensitivity of background cloud microphysics on potential track development. It is shown that the relative change in cloud reflectance for ship tracks is expected to be larger in the near-infrared than in the visible and that 3.7-mu m channels, widely known to be useful for detecting tracks, have the greatest sensitivity. The usefulness of contrast susceptibility as a predictor of ship track contrast is tested with airborne and satellite remote sensing retrievals of background cloud parameters and track contrast. Retrievals are made with the high spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Airborne Simulator flown on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's high-altitude ER-2 aircraft, and with the larger-scale perspective of the advanced very high resolution radiometer. Observed modifications in cloud droplet effective radius, optical thickness, liquid water path, contrast susceptibility, and reflectance contrast are presented for several ship tracks formed in background clouds with both small and large droplet sizes. The remote sensing results are augmented with in situ measurements of cloud microphysics that provide data at the smaller spatial scales. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Met Off, Meteorol Res Flight, Farnborough, Hants, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Platnick, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 NR 45 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2607 EP 2624 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2607:TROBCM>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800007 ER PT J AU Frick, GM Hoppel, WA AF Frick, GM Hoppel, WA TI Airship measurements of ship's exhaust plumes and their effect on marine boundary layer clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DROPLET CONCENTRATION; SUPERSATURATION AB High-resolution aerosol, trace gas, and cloud microphysical measurements were made from an airship during transects across ships exhaust plumes advecting downwind of ships in the marine boundary layer (MBL). This study was part of the Office of Naval Research Monterey Area Ship Track experiment designed to understand the mechanisms by which ships produce cloud tracks visible in satellite imagery. Measurements made below clouds and close to the ships are used to define the concentrations and source strength of effluents, and the size distribution of ship-generated aerosols, Measurements made during crossings inside the cloud indicate that ship-generated aerosol increases the number and decreases the radii of cloud droplets. Case studies of four ships are presented, two of which produced cloud tracks and two that did not. Of the two that did not produce cloud tracks, one did not produce a cloud track because of unfavorable background aerosol loading; the other, because the ship-produced particles were too small relative to the background aerosol. A simple cloud microphysical model that assumes the MBL dynamics remains the same inside and outside the plume is used to study differences in background and plume cloud formation and reveals the intricate relationship among the size and number of background aerosols; MBL dynamics (as it effects cloud supersaturation); and the concentration, size, and composition of ship-generated particles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Frick, GM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Remote Sensing Phys Branch, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7228, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2625 EP 2648 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2625:AMOSSE>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800008 ER PT J AU Hooper, WP James, JE AF Hooper, WP James, JE TI Lidar observations of ship spray plumes SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB As part of the Monterey Area Ship Track experiment, which was designed to study ship-generated cloud tracks, ship-based measurements were made by a gyroscopically stabilized scanning lidar system. This paper focuses on the spray plume observed by lidar behind the USS Truxton, a nuclear-powered surface ship. Measurements are included from five passes at different speeds. Observed parameters include the speed of the plume meander, maximum speed of vertical mixing, and dispersion time. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hooper, WP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2649 EP 2655 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2649:LOOSSP>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800009 ER PT J AU Ferek, RJ Garrett, T Hobbs, PV Strader, S Johnson, D Taylor, JP Nielsen, K Ackerman, AS Kogan, Y Liu, QF Albrecht, BA Babb, D AF Ferek, RJ Garrett, T Hobbs, PV Strader, S Johnson, D Taylor, JP Nielsen, K Ackerman, AS Kogan, Y Liu, QF Albrecht, BA Babb, D TI Drizzle suppression in ship tracks SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; EDDY SIMULATION-MODEL; LIQUID-WATER PATH; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXPLICIT MICROPHYSICS; RADIOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; AIRCRAFT AB Although drizzle was a relatively infrequent occurrence during the Monterey Area Ship Track study, diverse measurements from several sources produced data signals consistent with a reduction in drizzle drops in stratus clouds affected by ship effluents. Concurrent increases in liquid water in the cloud droplet size range, due to redistribution from the drizzle mode, were not always observed, possibly because of the relatively small and often negligible amounts of water in the drizzle mode. Significant changes in cloud droplet size distribution, as well as reductions in drizzle flux and concentrations of drops >50-mu m radius, were observed in ship tracks when drizzle was more uniformly present in the ambient cloud. Radiometric measurements showed that increased droplet concentrations in ship tracks, which resulted in reduced droplet sizes, can significantly alter the liquid water path. Radar observations indicated that the reduced reflectivities of ship tracks compared with ambient clouds may be due to reductions in the concentrations of larger drops and/or reductions in the sizes of these drops. Two independent modeling studies showed decreases in drizzle in ship tracks due to the presence of smaller cloud droplets that reduced the efficiency of drop growth by collisions. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Meteorol Off, Farnborough, Hants, England. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hobbs, PV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; NR 48 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2707 EP 2728 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2707:DSIST>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800014 ER PT J AU Noone, KJ Ostrom, E Ferek, RJ Garrett, T Hobbs, PV Johnson, DW Taylor, JP Russell, LM Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH O'Dowd, CD Smith, MH Durkee, PA Nielsen, K Hudson, JG Pockalny, RA De Bock, L Van Grieken, RE Gasparovic, RF Brooks, I AF Noone, KJ Ostrom, E Ferek, RJ Garrett, T Hobbs, PV Johnson, DW Taylor, JP Russell, LM Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH O'Dowd, CD Smith, MH Durkee, PA Nielsen, K Hudson, JG Pockalny, RA De Bock, L Van Grieken, RE Gasparovic, RF Brooks, I TI A case study of ships forming and not forming tracks in moderately polluted clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ALBEDO; PARTICLES; DROPLET; SEA AB The effects of anthropogenic particulate emissions from ships on the radiative, microphysical, and chemical properties of moderately polluted marine stratiform clouds are examined. A case study of two ships in the same air mass is presented where one of the vessels caused a discernible ship track while the other did not. In situ measurements of cloud droplet size distributions, liquid water content, and cloud radiative properties, as well as aerosol size distributions (outside cloud, interstitial, and cloud droplet residual particles) and aerosol chemistry, are presented. These are related to measurements of cloud radiative properties. The differences between the aerosol in the two ship plumes are discussed; these indicate that combustion-derived particles in the size range of about 0.03-0.3-mu m radius were those that caused the microphysical changes in the clouds that were responsible for the ship track. The authors examine the processes behind ship track formation in a moderately polluted marine boundary layer as an example of the effects that anthropogenic particulate pollution can have in the albedo of marine stratiform clouds. C1 Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Meteorol Off, Farnborough, Hants, England. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Sunderland, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Sci, Sunderland SR2 7EE, England. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, Wilrijk, Belgium. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Noone, KJ (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012 OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212 NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2729 EP 2747 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2729:ACSOSF>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800015 ER PT J AU Noone, KJ Johnson, DW Taylor, JP Ferek, RJ Garrett, T Hobbs, PV Durkee, PA Nielsen, K Ostrom, E O'Dowd, C Smith, MH Russell, LM Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH De Bock, L Van Grieken, RE Hudson, JG Brooks, I Gasparovic, RF Pockalny, RA AF Noone, KJ Johnson, DW Taylor, JP Ferek, RJ Garrett, T Hobbs, PV Durkee, PA Nielsen, K Ostrom, E O'Dowd, C Smith, MH Russell, LM Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH De Bock, L Van Grieken, RE Hudson, JG Brooks, I Gasparovic, RF Pockalny, RA TI A case study of ship track formation in a polluted marine boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; AEROSOL; DROPLET; SEA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ALBEDO AB A case study of the effects of ship emissions an the microphysical, radiative, and chemical properties of polluted marine boundary layer clouds is presented. Two ship tracks are discussed in derail. In situ measurements of cloud drop size distributions: liquid water content, and cloud radiative properties, as well as aerosol size distributions (outside-cloud, interstitial, and cloud droplet residual particles) and aerosol chemistry, are presented. Three are related to remotely sensed measurements of cloud radiative properties. The authors examine the processes behind ship track formation in a polluted marine boundary layer as an example of the effects of anthropogenic particulate pollution on the albedo of marine stratiform clouds. C1 Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Meteorol Off, Farnborough, Hants, England. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Sunderland, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Sci, Sunderland SR2 7EE, England. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, Wilrijk, Belgium. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Noone, KJ (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012 OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2748 EP 2764 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2748:ACSOST>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800016 ER PT J AU Coakley, JA Durkee, PA Nielsen, K Taylor, JP Platnick, S Albrecht, BA Babb, D Chang, FL Tahnk, WR Bretherton, CS Hobbs, PV AF Coakley, JA Durkee, PA Nielsen, K Taylor, JP Platnick, S Albrecht, BA Babb, D Chang, FL Tahnk, WR Bretherton, CS Hobbs, PV TI The appearance and disappearance of ship tracks on large spatial scales SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TO-CUMULUS TRANSITION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STRATOCUMULUS; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; CHANNELS; MODEL AB The 1-km advanced very high resolution radiometer observations from the morning, NOAA-12, and afternoon, NOAA-11, satellite passes over the coast of California during June 1994 are used to determine the altitudes, visible optical depths, and cloud droplet effective radii for low-level clouds. Comparisons are made between the properties of clouds within 50 km of ship tracks and those farther than 200 km from the tracks in order to deduce the conditions that are conducive to the appearance of ship tracks in satellite images. The results indicate that the low-level clouds must be sufficiently close to the surface for ship tracks to form. Ship tracks rarely appear in low-level clouds having altitudes greater than 1 km. The distributions of visible optical depths and cloud droplet effective radii for ambient clouds in which ship tracks are embedded are the same as those for clouds without ship tracks. Cloud droplet sizes and liquid water paths for low-level clouds do not constrain the appearance of ship tracks in the imagery. The sensitivity of ship tracks to cloud altitude appears to explain why the majority of ship tracks observed from satellites off the coast of California are found south of 35 degrees N. A small rise in the height of low-level clouds appears to explain why numerous ship tracks appeared on one day in a particular region but disappeared on the next, even though the altitudes of the low level clouds were generally less than 1 km and the cloud cover was the same for both days. In addition, ship tracks are frequent when low-level clouds at altitudes below 1 km are extensive and completely cover large areas. The frequency of imagery pixels overcast by clouds with altitudes below 1 km is greater in the morning than in the afternoon and explains why more ship tracks are observed in the morning than in the afternoon. If the occurrence of ship tracks in satellite imagery data depends on the coupling of the clouds to the underlying boundary layer, then cloud-top altitude and the area of complete cloud cover by low-level clouds may be useful indices for this coupling. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. Meteorol Off, Farnborough, Hants, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Coakley, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oceanog Adm 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Taylor, Jonathan/B-3786-2013; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2765 EP 2778 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2765:TAADOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800017 ER PT J AU Liu, QF Kogan, YL Lilly, DK Johnson, DW Innis, GE Durkee, PA Nielsen, KE AF Liu, QF Kogan, YL Lilly, DK Johnson, DW Innis, GE Durkee, PA Nielsen, KE TI Modeling of ship effluent transport and its sensitivity to boundary layer structure SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; STRATOCUMULUS; MICROPHYSICS AB The LES model is applied for studying ship track formation under various boundary layer conditions observed during the Monterey Area Ship Track experiment. Simulations in well-mixed and decoupled boundary layers show that ship effluents are easily advected into the cloud layer in the well-mixed convective boundary layer, whereas their transport may be suppressed by the subcloud transitional layer in the decoupled case. The clear difference between the well-mixed and decoupled cases suggests the important role of diurnal variation of solar radiation and consequent changes in the boundary layer stability for ship track formation. The authors hypothesize that, all other conditions equal, ship track formation may be facilitated during the morning and evening hours when the effects of solar heating are minimal. In a series of experiments, the authors also studied the effects of additional buoyancy caused by the heat from the ship engine exhaust, the strength of the subcloud transitional layer, and the subcloud layer saturation conditions. The authors conclude that additional heat from ship engine and the increase in ship plume buoyancy may indeed increase the amount of the ship effluent penetrating into the cloud layer The result, however, depends on the strength of the stable subcloud transitional layer. Another factor in the ship effluent transport is the temperature of the subcloud layer, its decrease will result in lowering the lifting condensation level and increased ship plume buoyancy. However, the more buoyant plumes in this case have to overcome a larger potential barrier The relation between all these parameters may be behind the fact that ship tracks sometimes do, and sometimes do not, form in seemingly similar boundary layer conditions. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Meteorol Off, Farnborough, Hants, England. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Kogan, YL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 100 E Boyd, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 16 BP 2779 EP 2791 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2779:MOSETA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347DH UT WOS:000088911800018 ER PT J AU Tyo, JS AF Tyo, JS TI Noise equalization in Stokes parameter images obtained by use of variable-retardance polarimeters SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TARGET DETECTION; MEDIA AB An imaging variable retardance polarimeter was developed and tested by Tyo and Turner [Proc. SPIE 3753, 214 (1999)]. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the reconstructed polarization images obtained with this system varied for the four Stokes parameters. The difference in SNR is determined to be due to differences in the Euclidean lengths of the rows of the synthesis matrix used to reconstruct the Stokes parameters from the measured intensity data. I equalize (and minimize) the lengths of the rows of this matrix by minimizing the condition number of the synthesis matrix, thereby maximizing the relative importance of each of the polarimeter measurements. The performance of the optimized system is demonstrated with simulated data, and the SNR is shown to increase from a worst case of -3.1 dB for the original settings to a worst case of +5.0 dB for the optimized system. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 260.5430, 230.5440. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 16 BP 1198 EP 1200 DI 10.1364/OL.25.001198 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 343XH UT WOS:000088727400022 PM 18066166 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Papanicolaou, NI Bazant, MZ Kaxiras, E AF Bernstein, N Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Papanicolaou, NI Bazant, MZ Kaxiras, E TI Energetic, vibrational, and electronic properties of silicon using a nonorthogonal tight-binding model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; A-SI; CONCERTED EXCHANGE; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; SELF-DIFFUSION; FLOATING BONDS; POINT-DEFECTS; NOBLE-METALS; SURFACE AB We present calculations of energetic, electronic, and vibrational properties of silicon using a nonorthogonal tight-binding (TB) model derived to fit accurately first-principles calculations. Although it was fit only to a few high-symmetry bulk structures, the model can be successfully used to compute the energies and structures of a wide range of configurations. These include phonon frequencies at high-symmetry points, bulk point defects such as vacancies and interstitials, and surface reconstructions. The TS parametrization reproduces experimental measurements and ab initio calculations well, indicating that it describes faithfully the underlying physics of bonding in silicon. We apply this model to the study of finite temperature vibrational properties of crystalline silicon and the electronic structure of amorphous systems that are too large to be practically simulated with ab initio methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, Div Solid State, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. RP Bernstein, N (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 89 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 7 BP 4477 EP 4487 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.4477 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 347JD UT WOS:000088924700045 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Swanekamp, S Obenschain, S Chan, Y Ludeking, L Smithe, D AF Friedman, M Swanekamp, S Obenschain, S Chan, Y Ludeking, L Smithe, D TI Stability of large-area electron-beam diodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIER; FLOW AB In this letter, we report on experimental measurements of an instability in the large-area electron-beam diodes used to pump krypton-fluoride (KrF) lasers. The instability is identified as the transit-time instability and it is shown that it modulates the electron beam (spatially and temporally), producing a wide spread in the energy and momentum distributions of electrons emerging from the diode. These effects can enhance the energy deposited in the foils and adversely affect the energy-transfer efficiency to the KrF gas. Analysis and simulations of the instability suggest that resistively loaded slots in the cathode should eliminate the instability. [S0003-6951(00)03232-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. SAIC, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. MRC, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1053 EP 1055 DI 10.1063/1.1288520 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 344YE UT WOS:000088788000045 ER PT J AU Pao, PS Gill, SJ Feng, CR AF Pao, PS Gill, SJ Feng, CR TI On fatigue crack initiation from corrosion pits in 7075-T7351 aluminum alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; fatigue crack initiation; corrosion pits ID PITTING CORROSION; 2024-T3; GROWTH; DISSOLUTION; PARTICLES; PHASE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pao, PS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG 14 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 5 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00434-6 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352BR UT WOS:000089195100002 ER PT J AU Tompa, AS Boswell, RF AF Tompa, AS Boswell, RF TI Thermal stability of a plastic bonded explosive SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society Conference CY SEP 13-15, 1998 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO DE plastic bonded explosive; differential scanning calorimetry; thermogravimetry AB Data on the thermal stability of a plastic bonded explosive containing an oxidizer cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), binder and plasticizer was required in order to satisfy the requirement of NAVORD OD 44811 and to obtain safety information for handling and use. The thermal stability of the PBX was determined by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in sealed/unsealed sample pans and by thermogravimetry (TG) in a nitrogen atmosphere using the variable heating rate method. Critical temperature for self-heating at various sample radii and the 500 day cookoff temperature were calculated. Thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity were determined at the critical temperatures in order to calculate the approximate time to explosion at these temperatures. A DSC self-heating half-life experiment was carried out to confirm that the overall decomposition of the PBX was first order. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Tompa, AS (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD AUG 14 PY 2000 VL 357 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00386-5 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 334RW UT WOS:000088200300024 ER PT J AU Tompa, AS AF Tompa, AS TI Thermal analysis of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society Conference CY SEP 13-15, 1998 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO DE ammonium dinitramide; prilled ADN; kinetics of decomposition ID DECOMPOSITION; SALTS AB Kinetic constants of decomposition were determined for ADN and prilled ADN by DSC and TG. Pressure DSC at 550 psi air or helium had similar kinetic constants for prilled ADN, namely 29 kcal/mol activation energy and a log frequency factor of similar to 14.0 min(-1). These values were similar to those found in sealed sample pans in which the decomposition gases were confined. DSC and TC runs in open sample pans in nitrogen or helium had higher activation energies and frequency factors, namely 40-43 kcal/mol and 18-20 min(-1), respectively. Thus, it appears that confinement of the ADN decomposition gases either under pressurization or a sealed environment accelerates the decomposition of prilled ADN. Kinetics of decomposition of unprilled ADN at atmospheric pressure in nitrogen or helium by DSC and TG were E-a=37 kcal/mol and log A=17 min(-1). Unprilled ADN had lower activation energies and frequency factor for decomposition than prilled ADN which contained stabilizers. The effect of sample containment (i.e. aluminum, coated aluminum, gold, and glass ampoules) on the shape of the DSC curve of ADN was investigated. Isothermal TG in vacuum of ADN in the 45-75 degrees C region and the DSC analysis of the TG residues showed unusual results in the 60 degrees C region. The rate and enthalpy of decomposition of four dinitramide salts and their dielectric relaxation were related to the basicity of the cation. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Tompa, AS (reprint author), USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD AUG 14 PY 2000 VL 357 BP 177 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00387-7 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 334RW UT WOS:000088200300025 ER PT J AU Dressick, WJ George, C Brandow, SL Schull, TL Knight, DA AF Dressick, WJ George, C Brandow, SL Schull, TL Knight, DA TI Convenient synthesis of the water-soluble ligand hexasodium tris(4-phosphonatophenyl)phosphine SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIUM; PHOSPHONATES; PHOSPHANES; SECONDARY; COMPLEXES; SENSORS C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Schull, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Knight, David/0000-0001-5510-6265 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD AUG 11 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 16 BP 5059 EP 5062 DI 10.1021/jo000371y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 345JK UT WOS:000088812700045 ER PT J AU Chrisey, DB AF Chrisey, DB TI Materials processing - The power of direct writing SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RAPID PROTOTYPING TECHNOLOGIES; LASER C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chrisey, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 6 U2 62 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 11 PY 2000 VL 289 IS 5481 BP 879 EP + DI 10.1126/science.289.5481.879 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 343KH UT WOS:000088701200019 PM 17839154 ER PT J AU Schlickeiser, R Dermer, CD AF Schlickeiser, R Dermer, CD TI Proton and electron acceleration through magnetic turbulence in relativistic outflows SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; turbulence; ISM : cosmic rays; ISM : dust, extinction; gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; FIREBALL MODEL; BLAST WAVES; AFTERGLOW; EMISSION; SHOCKS; SYNCHROTRON; PARAMETERS AB Low frequency electromagnetic turbulence is generated in relativistically outflowing plasma that sweeps up particles from the surrounding environment. Electrons are energized by stochastic gyroresonant acceleration with the turbulence produced by the isotropization of captured protons and charged dust. Protons are accelerated stochastically by the dust induced turbulence. Analytical solutions for the proton and electron energy distributions are obtained and used to calculate broadband synchrotron emission. The solutions are compared with generic spectral behavior of blazars and gamma-ray bursts. Dust captured by a blast wave can generate turbulence that could accelerate protons to very high energies. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schlickeiser, R (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM r.schlickeiser@tp4.ruhr-uni-bochum.de; dermer@osse.nrl.navy.mil NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG 10 PY 2000 VL 360 IS 2 BP 789 EP 794 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 354LF UT WOS:000089331400043 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Laming, JM AF Doschek, GA Laming, JM TI The relationship of solar abundance measurements to the electron temperature in a polar coronal hole SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID X 10(5) K; SUMER TELESCOPE; ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRA; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; DENSITY; PLASMAS; QUIET; PLUME AB We discuss the behavior of the intensity of the Mg vr lambda 1191.64 spectral line relative to the intensity of the Ne VI lambda 1005.78 spectral line as a function of height above the limb in the solar north polar coronal hole. The intensities of Mg VI lines relative to Ne VI lines have been shown to be excellent indicators of element abundance variations due to the first ionization potential (FIP) effect. We find that the Mg VI/Ne VI intensity ratio increases with height above the limb by factors ranging from 1.7 to 4 over a height range extending from about 6 " above the limb to 28 " above the limb. We conclude that this intensity ratio increase is primarily due to an increase of electron temperature with height, rather than the result of an FIP effect, and therefore caution must be exercised in using any Mg VI/Ne vr line ratio as an abundance diagnostic above the limb in the polar holes. At 6 " above the limb, the Mg VI/Ne vr line ratio indicates that the solar Mg/Ne abundance ratio is probably within a factor of 2 of the photospheric abundance ratio. The spectra we use were recorded by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2000 VL 539 IS 1 BP L71 EP L74 DI 10.1086/312824 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 347RU UT WOS:000088943600018 ER PT J AU Tsonev, LI Hirsh, AG AF Tsonev, LI Hirsh, AG TI Fluorescence ratio intrinsic basis states analysis: a novel approach to monitor and analyze protein unfolding by fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; thermodynamics; protein stability; cold denaturation; protein folding; reversibility; denaturant; beta-lactoglobulin; phosphoglycerate kinase ID YEAST PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; COLD DENATURATION; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; HEAT; DOMAINS AB Fluorescence ratio intrinsic basis states analysis (FRIBSTA) is a novel method allowing quantitative estimation of the stability of proteins in aqueous solution as a function of temperature. In FRIBSTA emission fluorescence spectra are repeatedly recorded while ramping temperature from less than or equal to -15 to greater than or equal to 100 degrees C. Subsets of these are identified as reference spectra of the protein in either its folded or in its heat denatured configuration. Each reference spectrum of both sets is normalized by its own integrated fluorescence intensity to give a fractional area spectrum, Linear extrapolations of these normalized reference spectral shapes over the entire temperature range of measurement are then used to deconvolute each experimental emission spectrum to give a fraction of emission from native state and a fraction fr om denatured state. Additionally, the integrated emission fluorescence intensity for the native configuration is fitted and extrapolated over the temperature range of measurement. Division of the deconvoluted native integrated fluorescence intensity by the fitted-extrapolated integrated emission fluorescence intensity yields the fraction folded. The free energy functions derived from fraction unfolded are presented for beta-lactoglobulin and phosphoglycerate kinase. According to these results both proteins are considerably less stable than heretofore assumed at ambient temperatures and partially denatured at temperatures less than or equal to 0 degrees C. The method is employed to study the effect of denaturants on these proteins as well. The major usefulness of FRIBSTA is that one can directly measure the protein stability at ambient and subambient temperatures in the absence of denaturants rather than predicting it by extrapolation from heat denaturation data. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Henry Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Transfus & Cryopreservat Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Tsonev, LI (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Henry Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Transfus & Cryopreservat Program, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-022X J9 J BIOCHEM BIOPH METH JI J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods PD AUG 10 PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0165-022X(00)00070-1 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 342ME UT WOS:000088647700001 PM 10899387 ER PT J AU Meltzer, PC Blundell, P Yong, YF Chen, ZM George, C Gonzalez, MD Madras, BK AF Meltzer, PC Blundell, P Yong, YF Chen, ZM George, C Gonzalez, MD Madras, BK TI 2-carbomethoxy-3-aryl-8-bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: Potent non-nitrogen inhibitors of monoamine transporters SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; COCAINE RECOGNITION SITES; CROSS-COUPLING REACTION; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; LIGAND-BINDING; HIGH-AFFINITY; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTERS; ANALOGS; RECEPTORS; BRAIN AB Cocaine is a potent central nervous system stimulant with severe addiction liability. Its reinforcing and stimulant properties derive from inhibition of monoamine transport systems, in particular the dopamine transporter (DAT). This inhibition results in an increase in synaptic dopamine with subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. A wide variety of ligands manifest potent inhibition of the DAT, and these ligands include 3-aryltropane as well as 8-oxa-3-aryltropane analogues of cocaine. There has been considerable effort to determine structure-activity relationships of cocaine and congeners, and it is becoming clear that these inhibitors do not all interact with the DAT in the same manner. The functional role of the 8-heteroatom is the focus of this study. We describe the preparation and biology of a series of 2-carbomethoxy-3-arylbicyclo[3.2.1]octane analogues. Results show that methylene substitution of the amine or ether function of the 8-hetero-2-carbomethoxy-3-arylbicyclo[3.2.1]octanes yields potent inhibitors of monoamine transport. Therefore neither nitrogen nor oxygen are prerequisites for binding of tropane-like ligands to monoamine transporters. C1 Organix Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. RP Meltzer, PC (reprint author), Organix Inc, 240 Salem St, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA06303, DA11542, DA7-8081] NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 16 BP 2982 EP 2991 DI 10.1021/jm000191g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 343ZU UT WOS:000088733800003 PM 10956207 ER PT J AU Malins, C Glever, HG Keyes, TE Vos, JG Dressick, WJ MacCraith, BD AF Malins, C Glever, HG Keyes, TE Vos, JG Dressick, WJ MacCraith, BD TI Sol-gel immobilised ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes as chemical transducers for optical pH sensing SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE optical pH sensor; sol-gel glass; fluorescence detection; ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; STATE PROTON-TRANSFER; ACID-BASE PROPERTIES; EXCITED-STATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SENSORS; OXYGEN; FIBER; FILMS AB A range of fluorescent ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes have been employed in an optical sensor device for pH analysis. The dye materials were immobilised in a sol-gel glass matrix and characterised upon exposure to aqueous buffer solutions. Changes of below 0.1 pH units were detectable using these dye-doped glass films, and linear ranges as large as pH 3-9 were observed. Sol-gel immobilisation effectively enhanced the operating range of these materials compared to solution. Interference from fluorescence quenching due to molecular oxygen was found to place important restrictions on the nature of dyes suitable for this application. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Dublin City Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Opt Sensors Grp, Dublin 9, Ireland. Dublin City Univ, Sch Chem Sci, Dublin 9, Ireland. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Malins, C (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Instrumentat & Analyt Sci, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. OI Keyes, Tia/0000-0002-4604-5533 NR 33 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 2000 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00411-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 340UH UT WOS:000088553000011 ER PT J AU Tamiz, AP Smith, MP Enyedy, I Flippen-Anderson, J Zhang, M Johnson, KM Kozikowski, AP AF Tamiz, AP Smith, MP Enyedy, I Flippen-Anderson, J Zhang, M Johnson, KM Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: new dopamine transporter inhibitors SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COCAINE ABUSE; ANALOGS; SELECTIVITY; BINDING AB The synthesis and biological activity of a series of 6-substituted 1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes are described. 1-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes represent a new class of compounds that exhibit monoamine transporter inhibitory activity highly dependent on the overall topology and the absolute stereochemistry of the molecule. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Zebra Pharmaceut, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20275 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Johnson, Kenneth/E-7944-2014 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA10458, DA11548] NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2000 VL 10 IS 15 BP 1681 EP 1686 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)00308-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 338VT UT WOS:000088444500016 PM 10937724 ER PT J AU Abe, S Rajagopal, AK AF Abe, S Rajagopal, AK TI Nonuniqueness of canonical ensemble theory arising from microcanonical basis SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB Given a physical system, counting rule fur its statistical mechanical description need nut be unique, in general. It is shown that this nonuniqueness leads to the existence of various canonical ensemble theories, which equally arise from the definite microcanonical basis. Thus, the Gibbs theorem for canonical ensemble theory is not universal, and maximum entropy principle is to be appropriately modified for each physical context. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Funabashi, Chiba 2748501, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Funabashi, Chiba 2748501, Japan. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 7 PY 2000 VL 272 IS 5-6 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00458-8 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 343MT UT WOS:000088706700006 ER PT J AU Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ AF Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ TI High-power photonic links incorporating fiber-based Mach-Zehnder modulators SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave photonics; Mach-Zehnder modulator; fiber modulator ID PERFORMANCE; DISTORTION AB The performance of a high-power RF photonic link incorporating a fiber-based Mach-Zehnder modulator is reported. The 3.2 V dual-output V-pi of the fiber modulator, combined with the 100 mA balanced detection scheme, yielded a link gain greater than 13 dB and a +16 dBm input third-order intercept. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strutz, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 145 EP 147 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 328KW UT WOS:000087850900002 ER PT J AU Krowne, CM AF Krowne, CM TI Full-wave spectral Green's function integral-equation calculation of coplanar ferroelectric thin-film transmission structures SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric thin films; coplanar line; Green's function; full-wave spectral-domain method ID LAYERED MEDIA; MATRIX-METHOD; PROPAGATION AB Here, a full-wave spectral-domain integral-equation technique is employed to study planar guiding structures loaded with thin-film ferroelectric material The Green's function is used in the isotropic format to treat those eases where it is appropriate to evaluate the slowing behavior on the propagation constant. Specific coplanar structures with very low dispersion, amenable to static potential biasing from the surface, are examined. Numerical results are obtained showing the effects of the layer thicknesses of the thin films and ferroelectric permittivities on the propagation constant.* (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Microwave Technol Branch, Code 6850-3, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1002/1098-2760(20000805)26:3<187::AID-MOP15>3.0.CO;2-E PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 328KW UT WOS:000087850900015 ER PT J AU Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ AF Strutz, SJ Williams, KJ TI Low-noise hybrid erbium/Brillouin amplifier SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; FIBER AB A photonic link incorporating a hybrid erbium/Brillouin fibre amplifier is investigated experimentally. Shot-noise limited performance is achieved within the 500MHz to 8GHz frequency band. Low frequency burst noise is reduced by utilising an injected phase-modulated signal beam. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Strutz, SJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 215,Code 5652,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 16 BP 1359 EP 1360 DI 10.1049/el:20001016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 344MJ UT WOS:000088762800018 ER PT J AU Eaton, PE Gilardi, RL Zhang, MX AF Eaton, PE Gilardi, RL Zhang, MX TI Polynitrocubanes: Advanced high-density, high-energy materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID 1,3,5,7-TETRANITROCUBANE; CHEMISTRY; CUBANES AB More powerful and less shock-sensitive explosives are continually being sought after for both military and commercial use. Here the qualities a potential candidate must possess to make a good explosive are detailed and the synthesis of octanitrocubane (see Figure) - a very promising candidate - is described. The physical properties of the nitrocubanes synthesized are also summarized and a proposal for the future is made. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eaton, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 21 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 2 PY 2000 VL 12 IS 15 BP 1143 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-4095(200008)12:15<1143::AID-ADMA1143>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 343MU UT WOS:000088706800020 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Stroud, RM Morris, CA Merzbacher, CI Rolison, DR AF Anderson, ML Stroud, RM Morris, CA Merzbacher, CI Rolison, DR TI Tailoring advanced nanoscale materials through synthesis of composite aerogel architectures SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL PROCESS; SILICA AEROGEL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD PARTICLES; CLUSTERS; COLLOIDS; FILMS; ENCAPSULATION; NANOCLUSTERS; MATRICES AB Introducing a desired solid guest to nn about-to-gel silica sol prevents I complete encapsulation of the guest particles by the silica, such that the composite retains the bulk and surface properties of each component on the nanoscale. The transport- and density-dependent properties of the composite aerogel call be tuned by varying the volume fraction of the second solid, thereby increasing the design flexibility of these nanoscale materials for optical, chemical, thermal, magnetic, and electronic applications. The chemical and physical properties of the composite material can be further engineered at multiple points during sol-gel processing by modifying the host solid the guest solid, the composite gel, or the composite aerogel. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6170, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 2 IS 8 BP 481 EP 488 DI 10.1002/1527-2648(200008)2:8<481::AID-ADEM481>3.0.CO;2-O PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 357VW UT WOS:000089522300006 ER PT J AU Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K AF Burfisher, ME Robinson, S Thierfelder, K TI North American farm programs and the WTO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ACREAGE DECISIONS; UNCERTAINTY; INSURANCE; INCOME; RISK C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Burfisher, ME (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 82 IS 3 BP 768 EP 774 DI 10.1111/0002-9092.00077 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 335QE UT WOS:000088254900037 ER PT J AU Schroeder, RA Wood, GL Plotkin, JS Kuo, PC AF Schroeder, RA Wood, GL Plotkin, JS Kuo, PC TI Intraoperative use of inhaled PGI(2) for acute pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; NITRIC-OXIDE; AEROSOLIZED PROSTACYCLIN; HYPOTHERMIC CARDIOPLEGIA; NEBULIZED PROSTACYCLIN; VASOCONSTRICTION; VASODILATORS; OXYGENATION; RESPONSES; SECONDARY C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Anesthesia, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Schroeder, RA (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 91 IS 2 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1097/00000539-200008000-00008 PG 5 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 338YD UT WOS:000088450100008 PM 10910834 ER PT J AU Buckley, RG King, KJ Disney, JD Riffenburgh, RH Gorman, JD Klausen, JH AF Buckley, RG King, KJ Disney, JD Riffenburgh, RH Gorman, JD Klausen, JH TI Serum progesterone testing to predict ectopic pregnancy in symptomatic first-trimester patients SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; EMERGENCY; SONOGRAPHY; AID AB Study objective: This study was conducted to prospectively measure the accuracy of serum progesterone levels to detect ectopic pregnancy. Methods: Seven hundred sixteen symptomatic first-trimester emergency department patients with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding at a tertiary care military teaching hospital had progesterone levels measured by radioimmunoassay with results unavailable to the treating physician. All patients were monitored until a criterion standard diagnosis of jntrauterine pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy was confirmed. Results: A 14-month derivation phase (n=399) used receiver operating characteristic curve testing to select a cutoff value of progesterone less than 22 ng/mL. A 12-month validation phase (n=317) then retested this cutoff value. Combining both phases, there were 434 (61%) viable intrauterine pregnancies, 229 (32%) nonviable intrauterine pregnancies, and 52 (7.3%) ectopic pregnancies, of which 17 were ruptured. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values (95% confidence intervals) for progesterone levels less than 22 ng/mL to detect ectopic pregnancy were 100% (94% to 100%), 27% (23% to 30%), 10% (7% to 12%), and 100% (98% to 100%), respectively. Conclusion: Given similar disease prevalence, roughly one fourth (178/716) of symptomatic patients can be classified as low risk (0%, 95% confidence interval 0 to 2%) for having an ectopic pregnancy using a progesterone cutoff of 22 ng/ml. Whether implementation of rapid progesterone testing can safely expedite care and reduce the need for urgent diagnostic evaluation or admission remains to be determined. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Diego, CA USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Buckley, RG (reprint author), USN, Naval Hosp Rota Spain, PSC 819,Box 18,NH 104, FPO, AE 09645 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1067/mem.2000.108653 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 341HJ UT WOS:000088584700002 PM 10918099 ER PT J AU Jordan, PM Puri, P Boros, G AF Jordan, PM Puri, P Boros, G TI A new class of Laplace inverses and their applications SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE contour integration; convolution; definite integrals; Laplace transforms AB In this work, a new class of inverse Laplace transforms of exponential functions involving nested square roots are determined. Using these new inverses and other techniques from Laplace transform theory, a new class of three-parameter definite integrals, that yield to exact evaluation, is generated. It is shown that these integrals evaluate to simple closed-form expressions. These results are then verified using independent analytical techniques. Special and limiting cases of the parameters are investigated, some of which yield well-known expressions from classical analysis. Asymptotic results for these integrals and inverses are also given. In addition, a representation of the complementary error function as a limit is presented. Last, some aspects concerning the numerical implementation of these inverses are discussed and several applications in continuum mechanics are noted. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Jordan, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7181, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-9659 J9 APPL MATH LETT JI Appl. Math. Lett. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 13 IS 6 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0893-9659(00)00062-8 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 341AD UT WOS:000088568100018 ER PT J AU Meier, SR Korwin, ML Merzbacher, CI AF Meier, SR Korwin, ML Merzbacher, CI TI Carbon aerogel: a new nonreflective material for the infrared SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROGELS; BLACK SURFACES AB We present directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR) and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements of a carbon aerogel in the 2.5-14.3-mu m infrared spectral region. The measured DHR is 1.0-1.2 +/- 0.2% throughout the 2.5-14.3-mu m infrared wavelength region. When the incidence angle is increased from 8 degrees to 30 degrees off normal, the DHR increases by only 0.2%; i.e., performance does not significantly degrade as a result of illumination by off-normal infrared radiation. BRDF measurements, obtained at a wavelength of 10.6 mu m, indicate that carbon aerogel exhibits Lambertian behavior. The carbon aerogel's BRDF value of 4 x 10(-3) sr(-1) is consistent with its measured DHR values. Gas adsorption and transmission-electron microscopy indicate a structure dominated by particles and pores of less than or equal to 10-nm dimension. Scanning-electron microscopy reveals surface roughness on a scale of tens of nanometers. The DHR and BRDF of carbon aerogel compare favorably with those of Martin Black and Rippey, two widely used nonreflective materials. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 160.4760, 160.4670, 290.5820, 290.5880, 160.2750. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meier, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM merzbacher@nrl.navy.mil NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 22 BP 3940 EP 3944 DI 10.1364/AO.39.003940 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 338MZ UT WOS:000088425000017 PM 18349972 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, DU Strebel, PM Hadler, SC Meltzer, MI Allen, JW Livengood, JR AF Ekwueme, DU Strebel, PM Hadler, SC Meltzer, MI Allen, JW Livengood, JR TI Economic evaluation of use of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine or diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis vaccine in the United States, 1997 SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 01-04, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Pediat Acad Soc ID ADVERSE REACTIONS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MORTALITY; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; BENEFITS; PROGRAM; DECLINE; RISKS; COSTS AB Objective: To compare the economic costs and benefits associated with using either diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) in the United States in 1997. Design: Standard cost-benefit analysis, from both the societal and health care system perspectives, was performed for each combination vaccine as well as for the pertussis components singly. Setting: A simulated cohort of 4.1 million children from birth to age 15 years. Main outcome measures: Net costs (savings) and benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) Results: Without a vaccination program, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis disease caused more than 3 million cases and more than 28 000 deaths, at a cost of $23.6 billion. From the societal perspective, net savings because of the use of DTaP and DTwP were $22.510 million and $22.623 million, respectively. The net savings from the acellular pertussis component and the whole-cell pertussis component only were $4.362 million and $4.474 million, respectively. Benefit-cost ratios for DTaP from a societal and health care system perspective were 27. 1 and 9.1, respectively. Sensitivity analyses of key variables did not result in appreciable changes in results. Conclusions: Compared with no program, vaccination with DTaP or DTwP resulted in substantial savings, regardless of the perspective taken and for all sensitivity analyses conducted. Compared with DTwP, use of DTaP generated a small cost increase that might be offset by the value of other factors, such as increased confidence in pertussis vaccination resulting from reduced adverse events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Occupat Hlth Prevent Med Dept, Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. RP Ekwueme, DU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 154 IS 8 BP 797 EP 803 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 342PU UT WOS:000088655000007 PM 10922276 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Goldston, J Finlator, K Knapp, GR Yanny, B McKay, TA Amrose, S Krisciunas, K Willman, B Anderson, S Schaber, C Erb, D Logan, C Stubbs, C Chen, B Neilsen, E Uomoto, A Pier, JR Fan, XH Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Strauss, MA Annis, J Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Margon, B Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Schneider, DP Smith, JA Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Yasuda, N York, DG AF Ivezic, Z Goldston, J Finlator, K Knapp, GR Yanny, B McKay, TA Amrose, S Krisciunas, K Willman, B Anderson, S Schaber, C Erb, D Logan, C Stubbs, C Chen, B Neilsen, E Uomoto, A Pier, JR Fan, XH Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Strauss, MA Annis, J Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Margon, B Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Schneider, DP Smith, JA Szokoly, GP Thakar, AR Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Yasuda, N York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Candidate RR Lyrae stars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : stellar content; Galaxy : structure; RR Lyrae variable ID GALACTIC HALO; BLUE STRAGGLERS; VARIABLE-STARS; SYSTEM; PHOTOMETRY; KINEMATICS; MAGNITUDE; OBJECTS; GALAXY AB We present a sample of 148 candidate RR Lyrae stars selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning data for about 100 deg(2) of sky surveyed twice with Delta t = 1.9946 days. Although the faint-magnitude limit of the SDSS allows us to detect RR Lyrae stars to large Galactocentric distances (similar to 100 kpc, or r* similar to 21), we find no candidates fainter than r* similar to 20, i.e., farther than similar to 65 kpc from the Galactic center. On the assumption that all 148 candidates are indeed RR Lyrae stars (contamination by other species of variable star is probably less than 10%), we find that their volume density has roughly a power-law dependence on Galactocentric radius, R(-2.7+/-0.2), between 10 and 50 kpc and drops abruptly at R similar to 50-60 kPc, possibly indicating a sharp edge to the stellar halo as traced by RR Lyrae stars. The Galactic distribution of stars in this sample is very inhomogeneous and shows a clump of over 70 stars at about 45 kpc from the Galactic center. This clump is also detected in the distribution of nonvariable objects with RR Lyrae star colors. When sources in the clump are excluded, the best power-law fit becomes consistent with the R(-3) distribution found from surveys of bright RR Lyrae stars. These results imply that the halo contains clumpy overdensities inhomogeneously distributed within a smooth R-3 background, with a possible cutoff at similar to 50 kpc. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Finlator, Kristian/M-4809-2014; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Finlator, Kristian/0000-0002-0496-1656; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 46 TC 197 Z9 199 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 120 IS 2 BP 963 EP 977 DI 10.1086/301455 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349HZ UT WOS:000089040800037 ER PT J AU Gizis, JE Monet, DG Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Liebert, J Williams, RJ AF Gizis, JE Monet, DG Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Liebert, J Williams, RJ TI New neighbors from 2MASS: Activity and kinematics at the bottom of the main sequence SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar neighborhood; stars : activity; stars : kinematics; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : luminosity function, mass function ID LOW-MASS STARS; BROWN DWARFS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; SPECTRAL SEQUENCE; CCD PARALLAXES; FAINTEST STARS; SKY SURVEY; CLUSTER; HYADES; EMISSION AB We have combined 2MASS and POSS II data in a search for nearby ultracool (later than M6.5) dwarfs with K-s < 12. Spectroscopic follow-up observations identify 53 M7-M9.5 dwarfs and seven L dwarfs. The observed space density is 0.0045 +/- 0.0008 M8-M9.5 dwarfs per cubic parsec, without accounting for biases, consistent with a mass function that is smooth across the stellar/substellar limit. We show the observed frequency of Ha emission peaks at similar to 100% for M7-M9.5 dwarfs and then decreases for cooler dwarfs. In absolute terms, however, as measured by the ratio of Ha to bolometric luminosity, none of the ultracool M dwarfs can be considered very active compared to earlier RI dwarfs, and we show that the decrease that begins at spectral type M6 continues to the latest L dwarfs. We find that flaring is common among the coolest M dwarfs and estimate the frequency of flares at 7% or higher. We show that the kinematics of relatively active (EW > 6 Angstrom) ultracool M dwarfs are consistent with an ordinary old disk stellar population, while the kinematics of inactive ultracool M dwarfs are more typical of a 0.5 Gyr old population. The early L dwarfs in the sample have kinematics consistent with old ages, suggesting that the hydrogen-burning limit is near spectral types L2-L4. We use the available data on M and L dwarfs to show that chromospheric activity drops with decreasing mass and temperature and that at a given (M8 or later) spectral type, the younger field (brown) dwarfs are less active than many of the older, more massive field stellar dwarfs. Thus, contrary to the well-known stellar age-activity relationship, low activity in field ultracool dwarfs can be an indication of comparative youth and substellar mass. C1 CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91126 USA. RP CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 61 TC 342 Z9 342 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 120 IS 2 BP 1085 EP 1099 DI 10.1086/301456 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349HZ UT WOS:000089040800046 ER PT J AU Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Holdenried, ER Rafferty, TJ Wycoff, GL Hennessy, GS Hall, DM Urban, SE Corbin, TE AF Mason, BD Hartkopf, WI Holdenried, ER Rafferty, TJ Wycoff, GL Hennessy, GS Hall, DM Urban, SE Corbin, TE TI Speckle interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. VI. SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries : general; binaries : visual; techniques : interferometric ID BINARY STAR ORBITS; VISUAL DOUBLE STARS; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS; PAIRS; WDS AB The results of 1068 speckle interferometric observations of double stars, made with the 26 inch (0.66 m) refractor of the US Naval Observatory, are presented. These observations are averaged into 841 means of 815 binary stars. The systems range in separation from 0." 22 to 6." 01 with a mean separation of 2." 21 and have a limiting secondary magnitude of V = 12.5. This is the sixth in a series of papers presenting measures obtained with this system, and it covers the period 1999 January 1 through 2000 January 9. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Mason, BD (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 115 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 120 IS 2 BP 1120 EP 1132 DI 10.1086/301489 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349HZ UT WOS:000089040800050 ER PT J AU Zacharias, N Zacharias, MI Urban, SE Hog, E AF Zacharias, N Zacharias, MI Urban, SE Hog, E TI Comparing Tycho-2 astrometry with UCAC1 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs ID CATALOG AB The Tycho-2 Catalogue, released in February 2000, is based on the ESA Hipparcos space mission data and various ground-based catalogs for proper motions. An external comparison of the Tycho-2 astrometry is presented here using the first US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC1). The UCAC1 data were obtained from observations performed at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) between 1998 February and 1999 November, using the 206 mm-aperture five-element lens astrograph and a 4K x 4K CCD. Only small systematic differences in position between Tycho-2 and UCAC1, up to 15 mas, are found, mainly as a function of magnitude. The standard deviations of the distributions of the position differences are in the 35 to 140 mas range, depending on magnitude. The observed scatter in the position differences is about 30% larger than that expected from the combined formal, internal errors, also depending on magnitude. The Tycho-2 Catalogue has the more precise positions for bright stars (V less than or equal to 10 mag, while the UCAC1 positions are significantly better at the faint end (11 mag less than or equal to V less than or equal to 12.5 mag) of the magnitude range in common. UCAC1 data go much fainter (to R approximate to 16 mag) than Tycho-2 data; however, complete sky coverage is not expected before mid-2003. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 120 IS 2 BP 1148 EP 1152 DI 10.1086/301474 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 349HZ UT WOS:000089040800053 ER PT J AU Wilson, TL Gaume, RA Gensheimer, P Johnston, KJ AF Wilson, TL Gaume, RA Gensheimer, P Johnston, KJ TI Kinematics, kinetic temperatures, and column densities of NH3 in the Orion Hot Core SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (Orion); ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; APERTURE SYNTHESIS; MASER EMISSION; KLEINMANN-LOW; SIO MASERS; KL; AMMONIA; IRC2; OUTFLOW; MAPS AB Using the VLA, we have mapped the Orion Hot Core region (full extent 10 ") with an angular resolution of similar to 1 " in the (J, K)=(4,4) and (10, 9) inversion transitions of (NH3)-N-14 and an angular resolution of 4 " in the (J, K) = (2, 2) and (3, 3) inversion transitions of (NH3)-N-15. All of the single-dish flux density for the (10, 9) transition was recovered by the VLA, but a substantial fraction of the flux density in the (4, 4) and (NH3)-N-15 (3, 3) lines was not detected. The missing flux density is from the spatially extended "spike" component. Assuming that local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) holds, we have calculated the optical depths of the (4, 4) inversion transition for all positions where the main and satellite lines were detected with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. We combined our (10, 9) data with these (4, 4) line results to produce images of the rotational temperature, T-rot, and the column density of ammonia, N(NH3). For the H-2 densities in the Hot Core, T-rot = T-kin, the kinetic temperature. An additional determination of T-kin and N(NH3) was made by combining our (10, 9) inversion line data with our (NH3)-N-15 (3, 3) inversion line results. The (NH3)-N-15 inversion transitions have no quadrupole hyperfine structure so that the line shapes are simpler. The moment distribution of the (NH3)-N-15 (3, 3) line shows that the largest intensity-weighted line width arises close to the center of the Hot Core region. Thus, we may have discovered a low-luminosity outflow source embedded in the Hot Core. Alternatively, this may be a result of gas motions related to source " I," which is about half a beamwidth from this feature. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Submillimeter Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53010 Bonn, Germany. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Wilson, TL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Submillimeter Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 538 IS 2 BP 665 EP 674 DI 10.1086/309181 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 345PR UT WOS:000088824800021 ER PT J AU Schultz, AC Nourbakhsh, IR AF Schultz, AC Nourbakhsh, IR TI Guest editorial: Computational intelligence in robotics and automation SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Schultz, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1023/A:1008942215547 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 325YX UT WOS:000087705800001 ER PT J AU Gallimore, JJ Patterson, FR Brannon, NG Nalepka, JP AF Gallimore, JJ Patterson, FR Brannon, NG Nalepka, JP TI The opto-kinetic cervical reflex during formation flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE formation flight; field of view; opto-kinetic cervical reflex; visual cues ID AVIATION SPATIAL ORIENTATION; HEAD POSITION; AIRCRAFT; PILOTS AB Background: Weather formation flight is a difficult task prone to episodes of spatial disorientation. Therefore, investigation of sensory reflexes under these conditions is critical. Recent studies have shown that the opto-kinetic cervical reflex (OKCR) occurs during VMC flight conditions and serves to establish the horizon retinal image as a stabilized primary visual-spatial cue. The purpose of this research was to investigate the OKCR and field of view (FOV) during formation flight under VMC and IMC. Hypotheses: During VMC tasks pilots will align their heads with the visible horizon, but not under IMC. As FOV is decreased, there will be a significant reduction in OKCR-induced head movement. Methods: There were 2 experiments conducted in which a total of 26 pilots completed simulated flight tasks in a stationary dome. Head tilt was examined as a function of aircraft bank with unrestricted FOV in Experiment I. Experiment II examined head tilt under three FOV conditions (40 degrees, 60 degrees and 100 degrees circular). Results: During VMC maneuvers pilots exhibited significant OKCR. There were no differences in head tilt between Solo Figure 8 and Formation Figure 8 VMC conditions. Pilots did not tilt their heads under IMC Formation Flight. FOV did not significantly affect the OKCR. Conclusions: Pilots exhibit the OKCR during Formation and Solo VMC tasks. However, the OKCR is reduced when compared with low level navigation tasks, indicating a difference in the visual cues between tasks. Pilots do not exhibit OKCR during IMC flight; therefore, the OKCR will have an impact on formation Rights in and out of clouds leading to sensory conflicts caused by repeated realignment of visual and vestibular systems. C1 Wright State Univ, WAVE Lab, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Russ Engn Ctr 207, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USN, Aeromed Res Lab, NAS Pensacola, Pensacola, FL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gallimore, JJ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, WAVE Lab, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Russ Engn Ctr 207, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 812 EP 821 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 341HW UT WOS:000088585800007 PM 10954358 ER PT J AU Schneider, J Dufrene, YF Barger, WR Lee, GU AF Schneider, J Dufrene, YF Barger, WR Lee, GU TI Atomic force microscope image contrast mechanisms on supported lipid bilayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; THIN-FILMS; PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; PULMONARY SURFACTANT; STABILITY; MEMBRANES; ADHESION; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE AB This work presents a methodology to measure and quantitatively interpret force curves on supported lipid bilayers in water. We then use this method to correlate topographic imaging contrast in atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of phase-separated Langmuir-Blodgett bilayers with imaging load. Force curves collected on pure monolayers of both distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) and monogalactosylethanolamine (MGDG) and dioleoylethanolamine (DOPE) deposited at similar surface pressures onto a monolayer of DSPE show an abrupt breakthrough event at a repeatable, material-dependent force. The breakthrough force for DSPE and MGDG is sizable, whereas the breakthrough force for DOPE is too small to measure accurately. Contact-mode AFM images on 1:1 mixed monolayers of DSPE/DOPE and MGDG/DOPE have a high topographic contrast at loads between the breakthrough force of each phase, and a low topographic contrast at loads above the breakthrough force of both phases. Frictional contrast is inverted and magnified at loads above the breakthrough force of both phases. These results emphasize the important role that surface forces and mechanics can play in imaging multicomponent biomembranes with AFM. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, GU (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Schneider, James/C-4095-2008; Lee, Gil/P-8696-2016 OI Schneider, James/0000-0001-8016-8687; Lee, Gil/0000-0002-7949-5848 NR 60 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 30 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 79 IS 2 BP 1107 EP 1118 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 340YF UT WOS:000088563700046 PM 10920040 ER PT J AU Weaver, RL Burkhardt, J AF Weaver, RL Burkhardt, J TI Transport in multi-coupled Anderson localizing systems SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED SYSTEMS; LOCALIZATION; ULTRASOUND; DIFFUSION; VIBRATION AB The time-domain behavior of a multi-coupled disordered system is studied by numerical simulation. A two-dimensional mesh with periodic boundary conditions in a short, circumferential, direction, and fixed boundary conditions in a long, axial, direction, is subjected to a tone-burst load on the central ring. The resulting narrow-band process has an energy density which evolves in space and time. On short time scales it diffuses classically. On long time scales the transport ceases and the profile approaches an exponential. Localization lengths and transport time scales are compared with earlier predictions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Weaver, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 104 SoWright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD AUG PY 2000 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1620 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(99)00081-8 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 306NC UT WOS:000086601900011 ER PT J AU Ragain, JC Johnson, WM AF Ragain, JC Johnson, WM TI Color acceptance of direct dental restorative materials by human observers SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 76th General Session and Exhibition of the International-Association-for-Dental-Research CY JUN 24-27, 1998 CL NICE, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Dental Res DE color acceptance; color difference formulas; CIELAB; CMC (l : c); receiver operating characteristics; dental materials; dental observers; ROC curves AB The purposes of this study were to evaluate the CIELAB, CMC (2:1), and CMC (1:1) formulas to identify which provides the best indicator for acceptability of small color differences in the esthetic dental restorative materials, to determine if different groups of observers have different levels of acceptability, and to estimate the color difference that would indicate acceptability between a restoration and an adjacent tooth. The subject population of human observers was divided into four groups, each containing 12 subjects. The composition of the groups were: Group I, dental auxiliaries and hygienists; Group 2, dentists; Group 3, dental materials scientists; and Group 4, patients. A color vision screening test was administered to each subject to ensure that only observers with normal color vision were evaluated. A composite resin color discrimination test was developed specifically for this study,. This rest was composed of six sets of discs fabricated from dental composite resin restorative materials. Each set consisted of one standard disc representing tooth color. In each set, six discs representing composite resin restorations were matched To the standard disc for a total of 36 pairings in the rest. Color differences between the standard discs and the restoration discs were calculated in CIELAB, CMC (I:I), and CMC (2:1) color units. The subjects were asked to evaluate the composite resin materials as to acceptability of color differences between the disc pairs. The data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis for each observer and by each Delta E formula to generate receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The areas under these ROC curves were calculated and ranked ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range (HSD) Test were applied to the ranks. In regard to the acceptance of dental restorations based solely on color difference, the CMC (1:1) color difference formula gave better correlation than the CIELAB formula for small color differences in the esthetic dental restorative materials. There were significant differences found between the experiment groups in regard to acceptability of color differences using the CMC (1:1) and CIELAB formulas. The dental hygienist/auxiliaries group proved to be more discriminating in accepting differences between tooth and composite resin restorative material color than patients. The mean 50:50 Delta E replacement points for all subjects were 2.29 and 2.72 color units for the CMC (1:1) and CIELAB formulas respectively. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Dent Corps, Dent Biomat Dept, Naval Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Dent, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP USN, Dent Corps, Dent Biomat Dept, Naval Dent Res Inst, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM Drgljcr@drg10.med.navy.mil OI Johnston, William/0000-0002-4977-6569 NR 16 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-2317 EI 1520-6378 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1002/1520-6378(200008)25:4<278::AID-COL8>3.0.CO;2-F PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 326YF UT WOS:000087764300006 ER PT J AU Berzins, V Shing, MT Luqi Saluto, M Williams, J AF Berzins, V Shing, MT Luqi Saluto, M Williams, J TI Architectural re-engineering of Janus using object modeling and rapid prototyping SO DESIGN AUTOMATION FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping (RSP 99) CY JUN 16-18, 1999 CL CLEARWATER, FLORIDA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Test Technol, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGSIM DE computer-aided prototyping; software re-engineering; software evolution; object-oriented architecture; combat simulation AB This paper describes a case study to determine whether computer-aided prototyping techniques provide a cost-effective means for re-engineering legacy software. The case study consists of developing an object-oriented modular architecture for the existing US Army Janus combat simulation system, and validating the architecture via an executable prototype using the Computer Aided Prototyping System (CAPS), a research tool developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The case study showed that prototyping can be a valuable aid in the re-engineering of legacy systems, particularly in cases where radical changes to system conceptualization and software structure are needed. The CAPS system enabled us to do this with a minimal amount of coding effort. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Mil Acad, EECS Dept, W Point, NY 10996 USA. JSIMS Joint Program Off, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Berzins, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5585 J9 DES AUTOM EMBED SYST JI Des. Autom. Embed. Syst. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 5 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1023/A:1008950118001 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 332LL UT WOS:000088075700005 ER PT J AU Withers, WD AF Withers, WD TI Augural image zooming SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Pegasus Imaging Corp, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 25 IS 8 BP 48 EP + PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 330DY UT WOS:000087948600016 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, HE Hogan, PJ AF Hurlburt, HE Hogan, PJ TI Impact of 1/8 degrees to 1/64 degrees resolution on Gulf Stream model - data comparisons in basin-scale subtropical Atlantic Ocean models SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE impact of 1/8 degrees to 1/64 degrees resolution; Gulf Stream; Atlantic Ocean; ocean modeling ID NEW-ENGLAND SEAMOUNTS; BOUNDARY CURRENT CROSSOVER; LIMITED-AREA MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ALTIMETER DATA; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; SEA; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY AB We investigate the impact of 1/8 degrees, 1/16 degrees, 1/32 degrees, and 1/64 degrees ocean model resolution on model-data comparisons for the Gulf Stream system mainly between the Florida Straits and the Grand Banks. This includes mean flow and variability, the Gulf Stream pathway, the associated nonlinear recirculation gyres, the large-scale C-shape of the subtropical gyre and the abyssal circulation. A nonlinear isopycnal, free surface model covering the Atlantic from 9 degrees N to 47 degrees N or 51 degrees N, including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, and a similar 1/16 degrees global model are used. The models are forced by winds and by a global thermohaline component via ports in the model boundaries. When calculated using realistic wind forcing and Atlantic model boundaries, linear simulations with Munk western boundary layers and a Sverdrup interior show two unrealistic mean Gulf Stream pathways between Cape Hatteras and the Grand Banks, one proceeding due east from Cape Hatteras and a second one continuing northward along the western boundary until forced eastward by the regional northern boundary. The northern pathway is augmented when a linear version of the upper ocean global thermohaline contribution to the Gulf Stream is added as a Munk western boundary layer. A major change is required to obtain a realistic pathway in nonlinear models, Resolution of 1/8 degrees is eddy-resolving but mainly gives a wiggly version of the linear model Gulf Stream pathway and weak abyssal flows except for the deep western boundary current (DWBC) forced by ports in the model boundaries. All of the higher resolution simulations show major improvement over the linear and 1/8 degrees nonlinear simulations. Additional major improvement is seen with the increase from 1/16 degrees to 1/32 degrees resolution and modest improvement with a further increase to 1/64 degrees. The improvements include (1) realistic separation of the Gulf Stream from the coast at Cape Hatteras and a realistic Gulf Stream pathway between Cape Hatteras and the Grand Banks based on comparisons with Gulf Stream pathways from satellite IR and from GEOSAT and TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry (but 1/32 degrees resolution was required for robust results), (2) realistic eastern and western nonlinear recirculation gyres (which contribute to the large-scale C-shape of the subtropical gyre) based on comparisons with mean surface dynamic height from the generalized digital environmental model (GDEM) oceanic climatology and from the pattern and amplitude of sea surface height (SSH) variability surrounding the eastern gyre as seen in TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry, (3) realistic upper ocean and DWBC transports based on several types of measurements, (4) patterns and amplitude of SSH variability which are generally realistic compared to TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry, but which vary from simulation to simulation for specific features and which are most realistic overall in the 1/64 degrees simulation, (5) a basin wide explosion in the number and strength of mesoscale eddies (with warm core rings (WCRs) north of the Gulf Stream, the regional eddy features best observed by satellite IR), (6) realistic statistics for WCRs north of the Gulf Stream based on comparison to IR analyses (low at 1/16 degrees resolution and most realistic at 1/64 degrees resolution for mean population and rings generated/year; realistic ring diameters at all resolutions), and (7) realistic patterns and amplitude of abyssal eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in comparison to historical measurements from current meters. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 84 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 EI 1872-6879 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0377-0265(00)00050-6 PG 47 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 338UE UT WOS:000088441000005 ER PT J AU Townsend, TL Hurlburt, HE Hogan, PJ AF Townsend, TL Hurlburt, HE Hogan, PJ TI Modeled Sverdrup flow in the North Atlantic from 11 different wind stress climatologies SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Sverdrup flow; wind stress; North Atlantic ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; WORLD OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; SEA; 26.5-DEGREES-N; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB In studies of large-scale ocean dynamics, often quoted values of Sverdrup transport are computed using the Hellerman-Rosenstein wind stress climatology. The Sverdrup solution varies, however, depending on the wind set used. We examine the differences in the large-scale upper ocean response to different surface momentum forcing fields for the North Atlantic Ocean by comparing the different Sverdrup interior/Munk western boundary layer solutions produced by a 1/16 degrees linear numerical ocean model forced by 11 different wind stress climatologies. Significant differences in the results underscore the importance of careful selection of a wind set for Sverdrup transport calculation and for driving nonlinear models. This high-resolution modeling approach to solving the linear wind-driven ocean circulation problem is a convenient way to discern details of the Sverdrup flow and Munk western boundary layers in areas of complicated geometry such as the Caribbean and Bahamas. In addition, the linear solutions from a large number of wind sets provide a well-understood baseline oceanic response to wind stress forcing and thus, (1) insight into the dynamics of observed circulation features, by themselves and in conjunction with nonlinear models, and (?) insight into nonlinear model sensitivity to the choice of wind-forcing product. The wind stress products are evaluated and insight into the linear dynamics of specific ocean features is obtained by examining wind stress curl patterns in relation to the corresponding high-resolution linear solutions in conjunction with observational knowledge of the ocean circulation. In the Sverdrup/Munk solutions, the Gulf Stream pathway consists of two branches. One separates from the coast at the observed separation point, but penetrates due east in an unrealistic manner. The other, which overshoots the separation point at Cape Hatteras and continues to flow northward along the continental boundary, is required to balance the Sverdrup interior transport. A similar depiction of the Gulf Stream is commonly seen in the mean flow of nonlinear, eddy-resolving basin-scale models of the North Atlantic Ocean. An O(1) change from linear dynamics is required for realistic simulation of the Gulf Stream pathway. Nine of the eleven Sverdrup solutions have a C-shaped subtropical gyre, similar to what is seen in dynamic height contours derived from observations. Three mechanisms are identified that can contribute to this pattern in the Sverdrup transport contours. Along 27 degrees N, several wind sets drive realistic total western boundary current transport (within 10% of observed) when a 14 Sv global thermohaline contribution is added (COADS, ECMWF 10 m re-analysis and operational, Hellerman-Rosenstein and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) surface stress re-analysis), a few drive transport that is substantially too high (ECMWF 1000 mb re-analysis and operational and Isemer-Hasse) and Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) surface stresses give linear transport that is slightly weaker than observed. However, higher order dynamics are required to explain the partitioning of this transport between the Florida Straits and just east of the Bahamas (minimal in the linear solutions vs. 5 Sv observed east of the Bahamas). Part of the Azores Current transport is explained by Sverdrup dynamics. So are the basic path of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and the circulation features within the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS), when a linear rendition of the northward upper ocean return flow of the global thermohaline circulation is added in the form of a Munk western boundary layer. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Townsend, TL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 72 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 417 DI 10.1016/S0377-0265(00)00052-X PG 45 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 338UE UT WOS:000088441000007 ER PT J AU Paik, CM Michael, WB AF Paik, CM Michael, WB TI The reliability and construct validity of scores on the six-factor DOSC (Dimensions of Self-Concept) scale for college students SO EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; SAMPLE; FORM AB The Dimensions of Self-Concept (DOSC)-Form H purports to measure academic self-concept of college students. The current DOSC-Form Ii consists of five subscales representing five hypothesized factors of academic self-concept. In this study, a sixth factor was added. The twofold purpose was to (a) examine the reliability and construct validity of scores on the six-factor DOSC-Form H as administered to a sample of 350 midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy and (b) compare scores on the DOSC-Form Ii by the subjects' years at the academy academic major, and gender. The reliability tests indicated satisfactory reliability for scores on each of the six subscales of the DOSC-Form H. The confirmatory factor analyses resulted in an oblique six-factor model that supported multidimensionality of the DOSC-Form H. Comparison of scores by demographic variables indicated statistically significant difference in scores on the Academic Interest and Satisfaction subscale between genders and across academic majors. C1 USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Paik, CM (reprint author), USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, 589 McNair Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-1644 J9 EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS JI Educ. Psychol. Meas. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 60 IS 4 BP 617 EP 627 DI 10.1177/00131640021970763 PG 11 WC Psychology, Educational; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Psychology, Mathematical SC Psychology; Mathematics GA 336WJ UT WOS:000088325700009 ER PT J AU Paris, CR Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA AF Paris, CR Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA TI Teamwork in multi-person systems: a review and analysis SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Review DE teamwork; team performance; team training; team effectiveness; teams ID DECISION-MAKING; WORK GROUPS; ENVIRONMENTS; PERFORMANCE; ORGANIZATIONS; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; TEAMS; TASK AB As the scope and complexity of modern task demands exceed the capability of individuals to perform, teams are emerging to shoulder the burgeoning requirements. Accordingly, researchers have striven to understand and enhance human performance in team settings. The purpose of this review is to summarize that research, from the theoretical underpinnings that drive it, to the identification of team-level elements of success, to the methodologies and instruments that capture and measure those characteristics. Further specified are three important avenues to creating successful teams: team selection, task design and team training. In other words, one can select the right people, provide them with a task engineered for superior performance and train them in the appropriate skills to accomplish that task. Under task design, new technologies and automation are examined that both support and impede team functioning. Finally, throughout are provided critical remarks about what is known about teamwork and what is needed to be known to move the science and practice of team performance forward. The paper concludes with the identification of team issues that require further investigation. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Salas, E (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 116 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 6 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD AUG PY 2000 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1052 EP 1075 DI 10.1080/00140130050084879 PG 24 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 342XH UT WOS:000088671000002 PM 10975173 ER PT J AU Dick, SJ AF Dick, SJ TI Interstellar humanity SO FUTURES LA English DT Article AB Fifty years after Olaf Stapledon's landmark essay "Interplanetary man?", we propose the coming era of "interstellar humanity". Over the next 1000 years the domain of humanity will increasingly spread to the stars, a process that will alter our future in profound ways. At least three factors will drive this expansion: (1) increased understanding of cosmic evolution, changing our perception of ourselves and our place in the universe; (2) contact with extraterrestrial intelligence, bringing knowledge, wisdom, and problems of culture contact now unforeseen; and (3) interstellar travel, transporting humanity's emissaries to at least the nearest stars. The consequences of these events are not predictable in detail, but may be studied by examining the lessons of cosmic evolution; by using history to analyze the reception of new world views and intellectual culture contacts on Earth; and by anticipating the likelihood of success in interstellar travel and its effects. The prospect of interstellar humanity during the next millennium is likely to have an effect on all branches of terrestrial endeavor, whether religion, philosophy, science or the arts. The stage of human drama will be vastly expanded. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM dick.steve@usno.navy.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-3287 J9 FUTURES JI Futures PD AUG PY 2000 VL 32 IS 6 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.1016/S0016-3287(00)00007-0 PG 13 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 333TN UT WOS:000088147000005 ER PT J AU Burnett, WH Kamenkovich, VM Mellor, GL Gordon, AL AF Burnett, WH Kamenkovich, VM Mellor, GL Gordon, AL TI The influence of the pressure head on the Indonesian Seas circulation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC AB A high resolution, regional, non-linear, barotropic ocean model (2D POM) was used to show that a pressure difference between the Pacific and Indian Ocean does not significantly influence the total transport of the Indonesian throughflow. C1 USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Burnett, WH (reprint author), USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Gordon, Arnold/H-1049-2011 OI Gordon, Arnold/0000-0001-6480-6095 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 15 BP 2273 EP 2276 DI 10.1029/1999GL010918 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 341JL UT WOS:000088587200026 ER PT J AU Farley, J Gray, K Nycum, L Prentice, M Birrer, MJ Jakowlew, SB AF Farley, J Gray, K Nycum, L Prentice, M Birrer, MJ Jakowlew, SB TI Endocervical cancer is associated with an increase in the ligands and receptors for transforming growth factor-beta and a contrasting decrease in p27(Kip1) SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TGF-beta; p27(Kip1); endocervix; carcinogenesis ID SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; COLON-CARCINOMA-CELLS; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; TGF-BETA; UTERINE CERVIX; II RECEPTOR; ADENOCARCINOMA INSITU; C-MYC; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; ALTERED EXPRESSION AB Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of the TGF-beta ligands and TGF-beta receptors to the expression of p27(Kip1), a TGF-beta-regulated gene, in endocervical cancer, Methods. To examine the expression of TGF-beta and p27(Kip1) in malignant transformation of the uterine endocervix, a panel of 23 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cervical specimens, including 8 with benign endocervical glands, 8 with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ, and 7 with cervical adenocarcinomas, was used. Tissues were immunostained with polyclonal antibodies that react specifically with TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, TGF-beta RI, TGF-beta RII, and p27(Kip1). Results. Immunostaining for TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, TGF-beta RI, TGF-beta RII, and p27(Kip1) was detected in normal endocervix, with the TGF-beta s showing weak cytoplasmic staining, while p27(Kip1) showed strong nuclear staining, Expression of TGF-beta increased significantly upon neoplastic transformation with the TGF-beta ligands and receptors showing strong cytoplasmic staining in adenocarcinoma in situ compared to normal endocervix, Interestingly, expression of TGF-beta was lower in adenocarcinoma than in adenocarcinoma in situ, but still significantly higher than in normal endocervix, TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 showed higher levels of immunostaining than TGF-beta 1 in adenocarcinomas, In contrast, p27(Kip1) protein expression decreased with progressive malignancy, with lower p27(Kip1) protein levels detected in adenocarcinoma than in adenocarcinoma in situ, while normal endocervix showed the highest level of p27(Kip1) protein expression. Conclusion. Elevated expression of the TGF-beta ligands and receptors is found in both cervical adenocarcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma compared to normal endocervix, In contrast, a progressive decrease in p27(Kip1) occurs upon neoplastic transformation of the normal endocervix to cervical adenocarcinoma, These results suggest that neoplastic transformation of the endocervix may be related to dysregulation of TGF-beta and p27(Kip1) seen as an elevation of TGF-beta and a reduction of p27(Kip1) expression that may lead to loss of cell cycle control. C1 NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, Med Branch, Div Clin Sci, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Norfolk, VA 23505 USA. RP Jakowlew, SB (reprint author), NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, Med Branch, Div Clin Sci, 9610 Med Ctr Dr,Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 78 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1006/gyno.2000.5879 PG 10 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 345JJ UT WOS:000088812600006 PM 10926789 ER PT J AU Pimtanothai, N Rizzuto, GA Slack, R Steiner, NK Kosman, CA Jones, PF Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Pimtanothai, N Rizzuto, GA Slack, R Steiner, NK Kosman, CA Jones, PF Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Diversity of alleles encoding HLA-B40: Relative frequencies in United States populations and description of five novel alleles SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE class I; DNA sequencing; HLA-B40; HLA-B60; HLA-B61; frequency studies ID HLA-B ALLELES; ANTIGENS; INDIANS; AMPLIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; EPITOPES; FAMILY AB The frequency of each B*40 allele was determined by DNA sequencing in four major United States populations: Caucasians, African Americans, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Thirty-two individuals from each ethnic group, who were previously described serologically as B40, B60, or B61, were randomly selected out of a pool of 82,979 unrelated individuals for allele characterization. Out of nine different B*40 alleles identified in this study, B*4001 and B*4002 were the two most frequent B*40 alleles in all the population groups. B*4001 was the primary B*40 allele seen in Caucasians (83%) and African Americans (76%), while B*4002 was found in the majority of Hispanics (62%). The distributions of both alleles were comparable in the Asian/Pacific Islander population. These two alleles were the only B*40 alleles detected in Caucasians while four to five additional B*40 alleles were seen in the other population groups. The other B*40 alleles detected in this study included: B*4003 and B*4010 in Asian/Pacific Islanders; B*4012 and B*4016 in African Americans; and B*4004, B*4006, and B*4027 in Hispanics. Analysis revealed significant differences between Hispanics and all other groups as well as between African Americans and Asian/Pacific Islanders. This report also describes five novel B*40 alleles: B*4019, B*4020, B*4024, B*4027, and B*4028. Human Immunology 61, 808-815 (2000). (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 2000. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Immunol Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), E-404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 61 IS 8 BP 808 EP + DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(00)00149-X PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 353HR UT WOS:000089269200009 PM 10980391 ER PT J AU Tang, TF Huang, AY Pappas, A Slack, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Tang, TF Huang, AY Pappas, A Slack, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Relative frequencies of DRB1*11 alleles and their DRB3 associations in five major population groups in a United States bone marrow registry SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DR; frequency; DNA typing; allele frequency; HLA-DR ID ETHNIC-GROUPS; HLA-DR; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; HAPLOTYPES; DIVERSITY; SYSTEM AB One hundred sixty-one individuals from each of five US population groups, Caucasians (CAU), African Americans (AFA), Asians/Pacific Islanders (API), Hispanics (HIS), and Native Americans (NAT), were randomly selected from a volunteer bone marrow registry database consisting of 14,452 HLA-DRB1*11 positive individuals. This sampling provided at least an 80% probability of detecting a rare allele that occurred at 1% in the DRB1*11 positive population. Samples were typed for DRB1*11 alleles by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe typing (PCR-SSOP). A total of 10 DRB1*11 alleles our of 27 possible alleles were detected. The distribution and diversity of DRB1*11 alleles varied among populations although DRB1*1101 was the predominant DRB1*11 allele in all populations. Caucasians were the least diversified; only four common alleles (DRB1*1101-*1104) were observed. As well as the four common alleles, other groups also carried one or two other less frequent alleles including DRB1*1105 (API), *1106 (API), *1110 (AFA), *1114 (HIS), *1115 (NAT), and *1117 (AFA). A subset (418) of these individuals were also typed for DRB3 alleles. Most (97.6%) showed a strong association of DRB1*11 with DRB3*0202. Human Immunology 61, 820-827 (2000). (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 2000. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 61 IS 8 BP 820 EP 827 DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(00)00145-2 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 353HR UT WOS:000089269200011 PM 10980393 ER PT J AU Pace, PE Styer, D Ringer, WP AF Pace, PE Styer, D Ringer, WP TI An optimum SNS-to-binary conversion algorithm and pipelined field-programmable logic design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE field-programmable logic; folding analog-to-digital converters; FPGA; symmetrical number system; Xlinx ID RNS AB The Optimum Symmetrical Number System (OSNS) formulation is a direct consequence of the need to extract the maximum amount of information from a symmetrically folded waveform, and has found use in applications such as folding analog-to-digital converters and phase-sampled direction finding antenna architectures, One of the keg problems in an OSNS hardware realization is recombining the OSNS symmetrical residues (s(1), s(2) , ... ,s(3)) to determine the unknown incoming value. The symmetrical residues cannot be converted (e.g,, using the Chinese Remainder Theorem) in a straightforward manner, since the integers within each modulus are ambiguous. This paper presents an OSNS-to-binary conversion algorithm for N = 3 moduli of the form m(1) = 2(k) + 1, m(2) = 2(k), and m(3) = 2(k) - 1, The algorithm consists of three main steps: 1) conversion of the symmetrical residues into complete residues; 2) solving the resulting congruences in binary; and 3) determining the unknown incoming value, A B = 14-bit pipelined field-programmable logic design (FPLD) using k = 6 is also presented to illustrate the algorithm. The number of bits throughout the FPLD are quantified and an example calculation is worked out to numerically demonstrate the efficiency of the design. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Pace, PE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7130 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-II JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II-Analog Digit. Signal Process. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 47 IS 8 BP 736 EP 745 DI 10.1109/82.861406 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 345KR UT WOS:000088815600006 ER PT J AU Johnson, MH Ladner, RE Riskin, EA AF Johnson, MH Ladner, RE Riskin, EA TI Fast nearest neighbor search of entropy-constrained vector quantization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE entropy-constrained vector quantization (ECVQ); fast full search of ECVQ; fast full search of vector quantization; Voronoi diagram AB Entropy-constrained vector quantization (ECVQ) [3] offers substantially improved image quality over vector quantization (VQ) at the cost of additional encoding complexity. We extend results in the literature for fast nearest neighbor search of VQ to ECVQ. We use a new, easily computed distance that successfully eliminates most codewords from consideration. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johnson, MH (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Command, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1435 EP 1437 DI 10.1109/83.855438 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 340KK UT WOS:000088531500012 PM 18262980 ER PT J AU Luke, PN Amman, M Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA AF Luke, PN Amman, M Phlips, BF Johnson, WN Kroeger, RA TI Germanium orthogonal strip detectors with amorphous-semiconductor contacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS) CY OCT 26-28, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB Germanium orthogonal strip detectors have been produced using amorphous-semiconductor contacts. The amorphous-semiconductor contact fabrication process is relatively simple, and it is capable of producing fine-pitched electrode structures. The bipolar blocking behavior of the amorphous-semiconductor contact permits its use on both sides of a detector, replacing conventional B ion implanted and Li diffused contacts. A 5 X 5 orthogonal strip detector has been produced using this technique. Experimental results from this detector are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Luke, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1360 EP 1363 DI 10.1109/23.872978 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 358UU UT WOS:000089576200013 ER PT J AU Najmudin, Z Dangor, AE Modena, A Salvati, MR Clayton, CE Danson, CN Gordon, DF Joshi, C Marsh, KA Malka, V Muggli, P Neely, D Walsh, FN AF Najmudin, Z Dangor, AE Modena, A Salvati, MR Clayton, CE Danson, CN Gordon, DF Joshi, C Marsh, KA Malka, V Muggli, P Neely, D Walsh, FN TI Investigation of a channeling high-intensity laser beam in underdense plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic propagation in plasma media; electromagnetic scattering electron accelerators; plasma waves ID SHORT-PULSE LASERS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; RELATIVISTIC REGIME; RAMAN INSTABILITY; ULTRA-INTENSE; SOLID TARGETS; X-RAYS; SCATTERING AB The interaction of an intense short pulse laser (>5 X 10(18) Wcm(-2)) with underdense plasma was extensively studied. The beam is found to be highly susceptible to the forward Raman scattering instability. At sufficiently high growth rates, this can lead to wavebreaking with the resultant production of a high flux of accelerated electrons (>10(11) for E > 2 MeV), Some electrons are found to be accelerated well above the dephasing energy, up to 94 MeV. Self-scattered images intimate the presence of high-intensity channels that extend more than 3.5 mm or 12 Rayleigh lengths, These filaments do not follow the axis of laser propagation, but are seen to be emitted within an f4 cone centered around this axis. Spectra of the self-scattered light show that the main contribution of the scattering is not from light captured within these filaments. But there is evidence for self-phase modulation from effects such as ionization and relativistic self-focusing. However, no clear correlation is observed between channel length and the number or energies of accelerated electrons. Evidence for high intensities within the channels is given by small-angle Thomson scattering of the plasma wave generated therein. With this method, the intensity is found to be of the order of 10(18) Wcm(-2) greater than 12 Rayleigh lengths from focus. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 06, LULI, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Najmudin, Z (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. RI Malka, Victor/F-5260-2010; OI Najmudin, Zulfikar/0000-0001-6323-4005 NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1057 EP 1070 DI 10.1109/27.893290 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 396EP UT WOS:000166623600002 ER PT J AU Najmudin, Z Allott, R Amiranoff, F Clark, EL Danson, CN Gordon, DF Joshi, C Krushelnick, K Malka, V Neely, D Salvati, MR Santala, MIK Tatarakis, M Dangor, AE AF Najmudin, Z Allott, R Amiranoff, F Clark, EL Danson, CN Gordon, DF Joshi, C Krushelnick, K Malka, V Neely, D Salvati, MR Santala, MIK Tatarakis, M Dangor, AE TI Measurement of forward Raman scattering and electron acceleration from high-intensity laser-plasma interactions at 527 nm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron accelerator; electromagnetic scattering by plasma media; plasma waves ID RELATIVISTIC REGIME; PULSES; WAKEFIELD; BREAKING; TERAWATT; WAVE AB High-intensity laser-plasma interaction experiments were performed using high-power laser pulses (greater than 8 TW) at a wavelength of 527 nm, These pulses were focused to intensity greater than 10(18) W/cm(2) into underdense helium plasma at a density of n(e) less than or equal to 5 x 10(19) cm(-3). Systematic examination of the forward Raman scattering instability was performed by measuring the spectrum of the forward scattered light. It was found that the three-wave instability occurs first, which then proceeds to a nonlinear regime involving four-wave processes. Measurements of the accelerated electron spectrum suggest that higher phase velocity plasma waves are generated than when using lower frequency light. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Paris 06, LULI, Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. AWE Plc, Radiat Phys Dept, Aldermaston, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Najmudin, Z (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RI Malka, Victor/F-5260-2010; OI Najmudin, Zulfikar/0000-0001-6323-4005 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1084 EP 1089 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 396EP UT WOS:000166623600005 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B AF Hubbard, RF Sprangle, P Hafizi, B TI Scaling of accelerating gradients and dephasing effects in channel-guided laser wakefield accelerators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE intense lasers; laser-plasma interactions; laser wakefield accelerators; optical guiding; plasma channels ID AMPLITUDE ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PLASMA CHANNELS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE; GROUP-VELOCITY; TENUOUS PLASMAS; PULSES; INTENSE; PROPAGATION; RAMAN AB Future wakefield accelerator (LWFA) experiments are expected to operate in the short pulse resonant regime and employ some form of laser guiding, such as a preformed plasma channel. Performance of an LWFA may be characterized by the maximum axial electric field E-m, the dephasing length L-d, and the corresponding dephasing limited energy gain W-d. Dephasing is characterized hy the normalized phase slippage rate Delta beta (p), of the wakefield relative to a particle moving at the velocity of light. This paper presents analytical models for all of these quantities and compares them with results from simulations of channel-guided LWFAs, The simulations generally confirm the scaling predicted by the analytical models, agreeing within a few percent in most cases. The results show that with the prc,per choice of laser and channel parameters, the pulse will propagate at a nearly constant spot size r(M) over many Rayleigh Lengths and generate large accelerating electric fields. The spot size correction to the slippage rate is shown to be important in the LWFA regime, whereas Delta beta (p), is essentially independent of laser intensity. An example is presented of a 25-TW, 100-fs laser pulse that produces a dephasing Limited energy gain in excess of 1 GeV. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Hubbard, RF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1132 DI 10.1109/27.893298 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 396EP UT WOS:000166623600010 ER PT J AU Serafim, P Sprangle, P Hafizi, B AF Serafim, P Sprangle, P Hafizi, B TI Optical guiding of a radially polarized laser beam for inverse Cherenkov acceleration in a plasma channel SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; WAVE-GUIDE; VACUUM; IONIZATION; PULSES AB In a conventional inverse Cherenkov accelerator (ICA), the background neutral gas provides the necessary dispersion to maintain the synchronism between the drive laser and the accelerated electrons. A laser-driven ICA is susceptible to diffraction, and the acceleration length is limited to approximately a Rayleigh range (for a Gaussian beam), In this paper, an ICA configuration is proposed that avoids the laser diffraction Limitation by employing a preformed plasma channel, It is shown that a radially polarized laser beam can be optically guided if the plasma density increases with radius-like r(2). Expressions for the guided axial and radial components of the laser field are derived, and a numerical example is discussed. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. RP Serafim, P (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1190 EP 1193 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 396EP UT WOS:000166623600019 ER PT J AU Gordon, DF Mori, WB Antonsen, TM AF Gordon, DF Mori, WB Antonsen, TM TI A ponderomotive guiding center particle-in-cell code for efficient modeling of laser-plasma interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particle code; plasma simulation ID SCATTERING; SIMULATION; INTENSE AB A novel particle simulation code is described that self-consistently models certain classes of laser-plasma interactions without resolving the optical cycles of the laser, This is accomplished by separating the electromagnetic field into a Laser component and a wake component. Although the wake component is treated as in a fully explicit particle-in-cell (PIC) code, the laser component is treated in the high-frequency limit, which allows the optical cycles to be averaged out. This leads to enormous reductions in computer time when the laser frequency is much greater than all other frequencies of interest. This work is an extension of the work of Mora and Antonsen, Jr. [1], [2], who derived the time-averaged equations coupling the laser with the particles and developed a code to solve these equations in the quasi-static Limit. The code presented here is distinguished by the fact that it is useful when the plasma length is much less than the laser pulse length. Also, it is already parallelized and should be straightforward to extend to three dimensions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gordon, DF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1224 EP 1232 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 396EP UT WOS:000166623600023 ER PT J AU Newman, AM Yano, CA AF Newman, AM Yano, CA TI Centralized and decentralized train scheduling for intermodal operations SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM; NETWORK DESIGN PROBLEM; LAGRANGIAN-RELAXATION; SERVICE; MODEL; MULTICOMMODITY; BRANCH; PLANS AB We investigate a spectrum of decision-making approaches, from centralized to decentralized, within the context of scheduling direct and indirect (via a hub) trains and assigning containers to trains for the rail (linehaul) portion of the intermodal trip. The goal is to minimize operating costs, including a fixed charge for each train, variable transportation and handling costs for each container and yard storage costs, while meeting on-time delivery requirements. If shipping requirements are known, a centralized solution provides for better coordination, thereby reducing costs. However, information may not be available to support centralized decision-making. We present several methods for obtaining good solutions, and show that carefully-designed decentralized approaches may perform as well as centralized approaches for our problem. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Ind Engn & Operat Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Newman, AM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 32 IS 8 BP 743 EP 754 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 326GT UT WOS:000087725500007 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Alm, RA Burr, DH Hu, L Kopecko, DJ Ewing, CP Trust, TJ Guerry, P AF Bacon, DJ Alm, RA Burr, DH Hu, L Kopecko, DJ Ewing, CP Trust, TJ Guerry, P TI Involvement of a plasmid in virulence of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS VIRB; EPITHELIAL-CELL CULTURES; GUINEA-PIG MODEL; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; GENOME SEQUENCE AB Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 contains two, previously undescribed plasmids, each of which is approximately 35 kb in size. Although one of the plasmids, termed pTet, carries a tetO gene, conjugative transfer of tetracycline resistance to another strain of C.jejuni could not be demonstrated. Partial sequence analysis of the second plasmid, pVir, revealed the presence of four open reading frames which encode proteins with significant sequence similarity to Helicobacter pylori proteins, including one encoded by the cag pathogenicity island. All four of these plasmid-encoded proteins show some level of homology to components of type IV secretion systems. Mutation of one of these plasmid genes, comB3, reduced both adherence to and invasion of INT407 cells to approximately one-third that seen with wild-type strain 81-176. Mutation of comB3 also reduced the natural transformation frequency. A mutation in a second plasmid gene, a virB11 homolog, resulted in a 6-fold reduction in adherence and an 11-fold reduction in invasion compared to the wild type. The isogenic virB11 mutant of strain 81-176 also demonstrated significantly reduced virulence in the ferret diarrheal disease model. The virB11 homolog was detected on plasmids in 6 out of 58 fresh clinical isolates of C. jejuni, suggesting that plasmids are involved in the virulence of a subset of C. jejuni pathogens. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Astra Zeneca, Infect Discovery, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US FDA, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. US FDA, Lab Enter & Sexually Transmitted Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Guerry, P (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Guerry, Patricia/A-8024-2011 NR 69 TC 208 Z9 216 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 68 IS 8 BP 4384 EP 4390 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.8.4384-4390.2000 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 337AY UT WOS:000088336200003 PM 10899834 ER PT J AU Gao, X Dodds, RH Tregoning, RL Joyce, JA AF Gao, X Dodds, RH Tregoning, RL Joyce, JA TI Prediction of the T-0 shift between specimens of different constraints using the T-stress based T-functions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Letter AB This work applies the T-stress based T-functions to predict the T-o Shift between types of specimens exhibiting different in-plane constraint levels at cleavage fracture. The analytical model predicts accurately the shift of T-o values estimated using fracture toughness data measured with deep-notch SE(B) specimens and C(T) specimens, and the shift of T-o values from deep and shallow cracked SE(B) specimens. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USN, Fatigue & Fracture Branch, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Gao, X (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 104 IS 3 BP L3 EP L8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 406JA UT WOS:000167210100008 ER PT J AU Guo, J Luqi AF Guo, J Luqi TI Object modeling to re-engineer legacy systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE 99) CY JUN 16-19, 1999 CL KAISERSLAUTERN, GERMANY AB This paper summarizes our experiences in using computer-supported methods to develop a software architecture to support the re-engineering of the Janus Combat Simulation System. We have analyzed the Janus FORTRAN source code, interviewed Janus domain experts, developed an object-oriented architecture for the Janus Combat Simulation subsystem, and validated the architecture with an executable prototype. In this paper, we propose methods to facilitate the evolution of the software component of these systems by recovering the behavior of the systems using systematic methods, and illustrate their use in the context of the Janus System. C1 US Natl Res Council, NPS CS, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1940 J9 INT J SOFTW ENG KNOW JI Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 471 EP 485 DI 10.1142/S0218194000000225 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 370CU UT WOS:000165106000006 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Hirose, S Viehland, D Takahashi, S Uchino, K AF Chen, YH Hirose, S Viehland, D Takahashi, S Uchino, K TI Mn-modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 ceramics: Improved mechanical quality factors for high-power transducer applications SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE PMN-PT; MPB; high-power piezoelectric; mechanical quality factor; nonlinearity ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS; VIBRATION LEVEL AB Piezoelectric ceramics are potential high-power electroacoustic sources, and have been studied for many years. However, when these devices are driven under high-level vibration, the electromechanical characteristics depart significantly from the conventional linear piezoelectric relationships due to the loss and nonlinear behavior in terms of elastic and dielectric properties. In this paper, we present results concerning the development of modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) ceramics with improved mechanical quality factors for high-power application. We have focused efforts on base PMN-PT compositions close to the morphotropic phase boundary. Evidence will be presented which indicates that the improved mechanical quality factor results from the introduction of "hard" characteristics into PMN-PT by the substituents. Investigations of the nonlinearity of the electromechanical properties on the vibrational amplitude were performed using a constant displacement method. The degradation of the mechanical quality factor with increasing drive amplitude also presents thermal stability problems for the usage of these materials in high-power transducer applications. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Yamagata Univ, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992, Japan. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02835 USA. NEC Corp Ltd, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216, Japan. RP Chen, YH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Int Ctr Actuators & Transducers, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 25 PU INTS PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 39 IS 8 BP 4843 EP 4852 DI 10.1143/JJAP.39.4843 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 358DN UT WOS:000089542100035 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM Fox, RW Jones, RT Yunginger, JW AF Kelso, JM Fox, RW Jones, RT Yunginger, JW TI Allergy to iguana SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergy; allergic rhinitis; allergic asthma; aeroallergens; iguana; lizard; reptile; pets ID ASTHMA; HOMES AB Background: Furry animals produce allergens that can cause allergic rhinitis and asthma, In contrast, scaly animals, such as lizards, are assumed not to be allergenic, Objective: We sought to evaluate a 32-year-old man who complained of allergic rhinitis and asthma symptoms that occurred exclusively in his own home. He had dogs and cats at home but denied any increase in symptoms specifically associated with these pets, Skin prick testing initially performed to 42 common aeroallergens, including cat, dog, and house dust mite, elicited negative results. He later reported that the symptoms were worse on exposure to his pet iguanas, Methods: Skin prick tests were subsequently performed to an extract made from scales from his pet iguana, Extracts were also prepared from several zoo reptiles, Immunoassays for IgE antibody, as well as IgE immunoblots, were performed by using these extracts and the patient's serum. Results: The skin prick test result with the pet iguana scale extract was positive, The patient's serum contained IgE antibody to his own pet iguana and to a zoo iguana, Conclusion: Our patient's history, skin test results, and in vitro studies clearly demonstrate that he is allergic to iguana, Physicians should be aware that such allergy to scaly pets may occur and should not restrict history taking to questions about furry pets. C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Dept Internal Med, Naval Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ S Florida, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Div Allergy & Immunol, Tampa, FL USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Allerg Dis Res Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 106 IS 2 BP 369 EP 372 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 343NH UT WOS:000088708100021 PM 10932082 ER PT J AU Dromsky, DM Toner, CB Survanshi, S Fahlman, A Parker, E Weathersby, P AF Dromsky, DM Toner, CB Survanshi, S Fahlman, A Parker, E Weathersby, P TI Natural history of severe decompression sickness after rapid ascent from air saturation in a porcine model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE saturation; diving; swine; dose response ID ILLNESS; REDUCTION; LESIONS; OXYGEN; SWINE; RISK; PIGS AB We developed a swine model to describe the untreated natural history of severe decompression sickness (DCS) after direct ascent from saturation conditions. In a recompression chamber, neutered male Yorkshire swine were pressurized to a predetermined depth from 50-150 feet of seawater [fsw; 2.52-5.55 atmospheres absolute (ATA)I. After 22 h, they returned to the surface (1 ATA) at 30 fsw/min (0.91 ATA/min) without decompression stops and were observed. Depth was the primary predictor of DCS incidence (R = 0.52, P < 0.0001) and death (R = 0.54, P ( 0.0001). Severe DCS, defined as neurological or cardiopulmonary impairment, occurred in 78 of 128 animals, and 42 of 51 animals with cardiopulmonary DCS died within 1 h after surfacing. Within 24 h, 29 of 30 survivors with neurological DCS completely resolved their deficits without intervention. Pretrial Monte Carlo analysis decreased subject requirement without sacrificing power. This model provides a useful platform for investigating the pathophysiology of severe DCS and testing therapeutic interventions. The results raise important questions about present models of human responses to similar decompressive insults. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Dromsky, DM (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Code 031,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 89 IS 2 BP 791 EP 798 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 347LD UT WOS:000088930200052 PM 10926667 ER PT J AU Liu, YG Su, MY Yan, XH Liu, WT AF Liu, YG Su, MY Yan, XH Liu, WT TI The mean-square slope of ocean surface waves and its effects on radar backscatter SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND-GENERATED WAVES; GRAVITY-CAPILLARY WAVES; MICROWAVE BACKSCATTER; NUMBER SPECTRA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ALTIMETER WIND; WATER-WAVES; SPEED; GROWTH; SCATTEROMETER AB The mean-square slope (MSS) of the sea surface for upwind and crosswind is derived, based on Phillips' equilibrium spectrum and the model herein on gravity-capillary wave spectrum. The MSS integrated from the above two spectra over high-frequency dissipation length (1 mm) firs the optical observations very well. The radar backscatter cross section (RBCS), calculated from specular reflection theory using the Ku-band filtered MSS, is in keeping with the empirically based Ku-band models by Brown for the GEOS-3 13.9-GHz altimeter, and by Witter and Chelton for the Geosat 13.5-GHz altimeter. Also, the RBCS, calculated using the C-band filtered MSS, is in keeping with the ERS-1/-2 scatterometer empirically based algorithms CMOD3 and CMOD4. The physics included in this model on gravity-capillary wave spectrum is also illustrated. The short-wave dissipation due to wave-drift interactions has the effect of suppressing the spectral density at high wind condition, which further influences the directional spreading rate. This effect can be denoted by c(2)/U(10)(2) or c(2)/c(p)(2) dependence of short-wave spectrum. It is suggested that the k(rho)/k dependence observed in the range of gravity waves should nor be extended to the region of short waves. The parasitic capillary wave dissipation due to molecular viscosity can he balanced by the energy supply from the underlying waves, hence it is removed from the model. The eddy viscosity is due to turbulence at the wind-drift layer, which suppresses the spectrum of high-frequency waves with wavelengths on the order of millimeters. C1 USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Liu, YG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM yuguang@newark.cms.udel.edu NR 57 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1092 EP 1105 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1092:TMSSOO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 353GN UT WOS:000089266600008 ER PT J AU Hartman, JR AF Hartman, JR TI An in-class experiment to illustrate the importance of sampling techniques and statistical analysis of data to quantitative analysis students SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Hartman, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1017 EP 1018 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 335GH UT WOS:000088235400014 ER PT J AU Dickson, RR Osborn, TJ Hurrell, JW Meincke, J Blindheim, J Adlandsvik, B Vinje, T Alekseev, G Maslowski, W AF Dickson, RR Osborn, TJ Hurrell, JW Meincke, J Blindheim, J Adlandsvik, B Vinje, T Alekseev, G Maslowski, W TI The Arctic Ocean response to the North Atlantic oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review ID SOUTHERN CANADIAN BASIN; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FRAM STRAIT; STRATOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SPATIAL PATTERNS; LABRADOR SEA; BARENTS SEA AB The climatically sensitive zone of the Arctic Ocean lies squarely within the domain of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), one of the most robust recurrent modes of atmospheric behavior. However, the specific response of the Arctic to annual and longer-period changes in the NAO is not well understood. Here that response is investigated using a wide range of datasets, but concentrating on the winter season when the forcing is maximal and on the postwar period, which includes the most comprehensive instrumental record. This period also contains the largest recorded low-frequency change in NAO activity-from its most persistent and extreme loa index phase in the 1960s to its most persistent and extreme high index phase in the late 1980s/early 1990s. This long-period shift between contrasting, NAO extrema was accompanied, among other changes, by an intensifying storm track through the Nordic Seas, a radical increase in the atmospheric moisture flux convergence and winter precipitation in this sector, an increase in the amount and temperature of the Atlantic water inflow to the Arctic Ocean via both inflow branches (Barents Sea Throughflow and West Spitsbergen Current), a decrease in the late-winter. extent of sea ice throughout the European subarctic, and (temporarily at least) an increase in the annual volume flux of ice hom the Fram Strait. C1 Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich, Norfolk, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Meereskunde, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. Norwegian Polar Inst, Oslo, Norway. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Dickson, RR (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft Lab, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 OHT, Suffolk, England. RI Osborn, Timothy/E-9740-2011 OI Osborn, Timothy/0000-0001-8425-6799 NR 116 TC 359 Z9 370 U1 5 U2 54 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 13 IS 15 BP 2671 EP 2696 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2671:TAORTT>2.0.CO;2 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345JB UT WOS:000088811900002 ER PT J AU Weber, S Platzer, MF AF Weber, S Platzer, MF TI Computational simulation of dynamic stall on the NLR 7301 airfoil SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID FLOWS AB The dynamic stall behavior of the supercritical NLR 7301 airfoil is analyzed with a 2-D thin-layer Navier-Stokes code. The code solves the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with an upwind biased numerical scheme in combination with the Baldwin-Lomax or the Baldwin-Barth turbulence models. The effect of boundary layer transition is incorporated using the transition length model of Gostelow et al. The transition onset location is determined with Michel's formula or it can be specified as an input parameter. The two turbulence models yield significantly different steady-state lift coefficients at incidences greater than 8 degrees. The use of the one-equation Baldwin-Barth model together with the Gostelow transition model is found to give substantially better agreement with the experimental data of McCroskey et al. than the Baldwin-Lomax model. Also, the unsteady computations are strongly affected by the choice of the turbulence model. The Baldwin-Barth model predicts the lift hysteresis loops consistently better than the algebraic turbulence model. However, the one-equation model improves the prediction of the moment hysteresis loops only for one test case. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Weber, S (reprint author), MTU Munchen, DaimlerChrysler Aerosp, Munich, Germany. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 779 EP 798 DI 10.1006/jfls.2000.0299 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 356GH UT WOS:000089435200002 ER PT J AU St Cyr, OC Howard, RA Sheeley, NR Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ Paswaters, SE Koomen, MJ Simnett, GM Thompson, BJ Gurman, JB Schwenn, R Webb, DF Hildner, E Lamy, PL AF St Cyr, OC Howard, RA Sheeley, NR Plunkett, SP Michels, DJ Paswaters, SE Koomen, MJ Simnett, GM Thompson, BJ Gurman, JB Schwenn, R Webb, DF Hildner, E Lamy, PL TI Properties of coronal mass ejections: SOHO LASCO observations from January 1996 to June 1998 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCONNECTED MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; SOLAR-WIND; SMM OBSERVATIONS; WHITE-LIGHT; FLOW SPEEDS; FLUX ROPE; APRIL 7; EIT; TRANSIENT; EARTH AB We report the properties of all the 841 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 and C3 white-light coronagraphs from January 1996 through June 1998, and we compare those properties to previous observations by other similar instruments. Both the CME rate and the distribution of apparent locations of CMEs varied during this period as expected based on previous solar cycles. The distribution of apparent speeds and the fraction of CMEs showing acceleration were also in agreement with earlier reports. The pointing stability provided by an L-l orbit and the use of CCD detectors have resulted in superior brightness sensitivity for LASCO over earlier coronagraphs; however, we have not detected a significant population of fainter (i.e., low mass) CMEs. The general shape of the distribution of apparent sizes for LASCO CMEs is similar to those of earlier reports, but the average (median) apparent size of 72 degrees (50 degrees) is significantly larger. The larger average apparent size is predominantly the result of the detection of a population of partial and complete halo CMEs at least some of which appear to be events with a significant longitudinal component directed along the Sun-Earth line, either toward or away from the Earth. Using full disk solar images obtained by the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on SOHO, we found that 40 out of 92 of these events might have been directed toward the Earth, and we compared the timing of those with the I(I) geomagnetic storm index in the days following the CME, Although the "false alarm" rate was high, we found that 15 out of 21 (71%) of the K-p greater than or equal to 6 storms could be accounted for as SOHO LASCO/EIT frontside halo CMEs. If we eliminate three Kp, storms that occurred following LASCO/EIT data gaps. then the possible association rate was 15 out of 18 (83%). C1 Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC USA. Ball Aerosp Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37189 Lindau, Germany. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13248 Marseille, France. RP Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 73 TC 347 Z9 347 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18169 EP 18185 DI 10.1029/1999JA000381 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600001 ER PT J AU Lario, D Marsden, RG Sanderson, TR Maksimovic, M Sanahuja, B Plunkett, SP Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ Lin, RP Gosling, JT AF Lario, D Marsden, RG Sanderson, TR Maksimovic, M Sanahuja, B Plunkett, SP Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ Lin, RP Gosling, JT TI Energetic proton observations at 1 and 5 AU 2. Rising phase of the solar cycle 23 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; PARTICLE EVENTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; DRIVEN SHOCKS; COSMIC-RAYS; ULYSSES; WIND; FLARES; PROPAGATION; SPACECRAFT AB The increasing level of solar activity at the end of 1997 coincides with the observation of solar energetic particle (SEP) events by the Wind and Ulysses spacecraft. The proximity of Ulysses to the ecliptic plane during this period allows us to study the effects of the solar activity at two different heliolongitudinal and heliocentric distances but at similar heliolatitudes. We identify the main transient proton enhancements seen by Wind and Ulysses from October 1997 to the end of December 1998, We compare their characteristics and suggest an interpretation in terms of their heliospheric location, the activity occurring at the Sun, and the conditions for particle propagation between the Sun and both spacecraft. Whereas at 1 RU different SEP events can be associated with individual coronal mass ejections (CMEs), at 5 AU long-lasting SEP events are observed while a sequence of CMEs takes place at the Sun, Continuous injection of particles from traveling CME-driven shocks, the effects of particle propagation along interplanetary magnetic field lines, acid the corotation of these field lines across the Ulysses location are the main factors responsible for these long-lasting periods of high particle intensity observed by Ulysses. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Space Res Assoc, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, London, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. European Space Agcy, Estec, Dept Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Lario, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Lario, David/D-9318-2016 OI Lario, David/0000-0002-3176-8704 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18251 EP 18274 DI 10.1029/1999JA000374 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600007 ER PT J AU Picone, JM Meier, RR AF Picone, JM Meier, RR TI Similarity transformations for fitting of geophysical properties: Application to altitude profiles of upper atmospheric species SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE INVERSE-THEORY; IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY; MODEL AB The similarity transform method provides a new, highly robust, and stable parametric representation of geophysical functions for use in retrieving such functions from remote sensing observations. The present discussion focuses on the approximation of altitude profiles of upper atmospheric species concentration and on the development of parametric forward models fur use with discrete inverse theory (DIT). Of equal importance, the similarity transform approach provides a framework fur extracting generic profile shape information, in the form of a nondimensional shape function, from observations or detailed numerical simulations. In this way the method facilitates analysis of general characteristics of species concentration variations with altitude and with other geophysical parameters. For DIT retrievals of concentration profiles from observations a similarity transformation-based forward model embeds the generic ("basis") shape information directly into a parametric representation of each species profile. The presentation covers the extraction of nondimensional shape functions from discrete data or simulations, tilt: basic forward model representation, and generalizations of the basic approach. We include simple examples of similarity transform fitting calculations in which the species concentration profiles to he approximated are generated by the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Empirical 1990 (MSISE-90) atmospheric model, as are the basis profiles that define the shape information. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Picone, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7643,Bldg 209,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A8 BP 18599 EP 18608 DI 10.1029/1999JA000385 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 342RU UT WOS:000088659600037 ER PT J AU Cerza, M AF Cerza, M TI Infrared photographs of a gas loaded flat heat pipe SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heat Transfer Photogallery held at the 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY NOV, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TEXAS C1 USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cerza, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2000 VL 122 IS 3 BP 428 EP 428 DI 10.1115/1.1289646 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 430PR UT WOS:000168583800008 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL AF Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL TI The complexity of protective immunity against liver-stage malaria SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; PERFORIN-DEFICIENT MICE; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GAMMA-INTERFERON; INFECTED HEPATOCYTES; GENETIC RESTRICTION AB Sterile protective immunity against challenge with Plasmodium spp, sporozoites can be induced in multiple model systems and humans by immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium spp, sporozoites. The infected hepatocyte has been established as the primary target of this protection, but the underlying mechanisms have not been completely defined. Abs, CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells, cytokines (including IFN-gamma and IL-12), and NO have all been implicated as critical effecters. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms of protective immunity induced by immunization with different vaccine delivery systems (irradiated sporozoites, plasmid DNA, synthetic peptide/adjuvant, and multiple Ag peptide) in genetically distinct inbred strains, genetically modified mice, and outbred mice. We establish that there is a marked diversity of T cell-dependent immune responses that mediate sterile protective immunity against Liver-stage malaria, Furthermore, we demonstrate that distinct mechanisms of protection are induced in different strains of inbred mice by a single method of immunization, and in the same strain by different methods of immunization. These data underscore the complexity of the murine host response to a parasitic infection and suggest that an outbred human population may behave similarly. Data nevertheless suggest that a pre-erythrocytic-stage vaccine should be designed to induce CD8(+) T cell- and IFN-gamma-mediated immune responses and that IFN-gamma responses may represent an in vitro correlate of pre-erythrocytic-stage protective immunity. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. WHO, Reg Off, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3W41-3W16, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 46 TC 238 Z9 243 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 165 IS 3 BP 1453 EP 1462 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 337CV UT WOS:000088340600038 PM 10903750 ER PT J AU Johnson, GA Todd, MD Althouse, BL Chang, CC AF Johnson, GA Todd, MD Althouse, BL Chang, CC TI Fiber Bragg grating interrogation and multiplexing with a 3 x 3 coupler and a scanning filter SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fiber Bragg grating (FBG); interferometry; three-by-three coupler ID STRAIN-SENSOR; SYSTEM AB We present a new technique for fiber Bragg grating (FBC) sensor interrogation and multiplexing, The technique combines a scanning bandpass filter used to multiplex by wavelength multiple gratings in a single fiber, and an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer made with a 3 x 3 coupler to detect strain-induced wavelength shifts. A demonstration system interrogates four gratings in a single fiber at a sampling rate up to 20 kHz, with a noise floor measured at less than 10 n epsilon/root Hz above 0.1 Hz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1101 EP 1105 DI 10.1109/50.857755 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 341ZU UT WOS:000088621500006 ER PT J AU Saenz, AW AF Saenz, AW TI Dynamics of axial channeling in quasicrystals: An averaging-theory approach SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A mathematically rigorous Hamiltonian theory of nonrelativistic axial channeling of positively charged particles in simply decorated icosahedral quasicrystals (IQCs) is developed in this paper on the basis of first-order averaging theory. The main result is an error estimate for the approximation of replacing the relevant Hamiltonian by that of the corresponding axial-continuum model to calculate suitable phase-space orbits. The derivation of this result makes essential use of a rigorous version of a theorem of Besjes on single-phase first-order averaging theory and of an asymptotic formula for the distribution of quasilattice points along arbitrary quasilattice axes of the considered IQC model. A deep number-theoretic result of Niederreiter is used to obtain this formula. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0022-2488(00)03805-6]. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Saenz, AW (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 41 IS 8 BP 5342 EP 5368 AR PII [S0022-2488(00)03805-6] PG 27 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 336LJ UT WOS:000088302500015 ER PT J AU Gaber, BP AF Gaber, BP TI The art of molecular graphics - It's a matter of scale SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20374 USA. RP Gaber, BP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20374 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD AUG-OCT PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4-5 BP 543 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S1093-3263(00)80100-X PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 378PF UT WOS:000165592200018 PM 11143567 ER PT J AU Dawson, TH AF Dawson, TH TI Maximum wave crests in heavy seas SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Applicability of extreme-value theory in predicting the maximum crest amplitude in runs of ocean waves is demonstrated using data from extensive computer simulations of random linear waves. Extension of the theory to include wave crests in heavy seas is also made within the context of Stokes nonlinearities. Results are confirmed with scaled laboratory measurements. [S0892-7219(00)00803-7]. C1 USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP USN Acad, Ocean Engn Program, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 EI 1528-896X J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2000 VL 122 IS 3 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1115/1.1287039 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NT UT WOS:000167107300011 ER PT J AU Fratantoni, DM Johns, WE Townsend, TL Hurlburt, HE AF Fratantoni, DM Johns, WE Townsend, TL Hurlburt, HE TI Low-latitude circulation and mass transport pathways in a model of the tropical Atlantic ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; CURRENT RETROFLECTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; GEOSAT ALTIMETRY; BOUNDARY CURRENT; FLORIDA CURRENT; SEA-SURFACE; VARIABILITY; WATER AB An eddy-resolving numerical ocean circulation model is used to investigate the pathways of low-latitude intergyre mass transport associated with the upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning cell (MOC). Numerical experiments with and without applied wind stress and an imposed MOC exhibit significant differences in intergyre transport, western boundary current intensity, and mesoscale ring production. The character of interaction between low-latitude wind- and overturning-driven circulation systems is found to be predominantly a linear superposition in the annual mean, even though nonlinearity in the form of diapycnal transport is essential to some segments of the mean pathway. Within a mesoscale band of 10-100 day period, significant nonlinear enhancement of near-surface variability is observed. In a realistically forced model experiment, a 14 Sv upper ocean MOC return flow is partitioned among three pathways connecting the equatorial and tropical wind-driven eyres. A frictional western boundary current with both surface and intermediate depth components is the dominant pathway and accounts for 6.8 Sv of intergyre transport. A diapycnal pathway involving wind-forced equatorial upwelling and interior Ekman transport is responsible for 4.2 Sv. Translating North Brazil Current rings contribute approximately 3.0 Sv of intergyre transport. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Dynam & Predict Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fratantoni, DM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Fratantoni, David/C-7121-2011 NR 77 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1944 EP 1966 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1944:LLCAMT>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 347DG UT WOS:000088911700009 ER PT J AU Falco, P Griffa, A Poulain, PM Zambianchi, E AF Falco, P Griffa, A Poulain, PM Zambianchi, E TI Transport properties in the Adriatic Sea as deduced from drifter data SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SURFACE CIRCULATION; PASSIVE TRACERS; TURBULENT FLOWS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DISPERSION; DIFFUSION; TRAJECTORIES; SIMULATIONS; STATISTICS AB The surface transport properties in the Adriatic Sea, a semienclosed subbasin of the Mediterranean Sea, have been studied using a drifter dataset in the period December 1994-March 1996. Three main points have been addressed. First, the exchange between southern and northern regions and between deep and coastal areas have been studied, focusing on the role of topography. A significant cross-topography or cross-shelf exchange has been found, probably due to the direct wind forcing and to the influence of stratification that isolates the surface flow from bottom effects, especially in the open sea. Second, a Lagrangian transport model with parameters derived from the data has been implemented. Simulated particles have been compared with drifter data with positive results. The model is found to be able to reproduce reality with good approximation, except for a specific advective event during the late summer season. Finally, the residence timescale T, that is, the average time spent by a surface particle in the basin, has been estimated. Direct estimates from the data suggest T approximate to 70-90 days, but these values are biased due to the finite lifetime of the drifters. Model results have been used to estimate the bias, and they suggest a "true" value of T approximate to 200 days. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Inst Univ Naples, Naples, Italy. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. CNR, IOF, La Spezia, Italy. RP Poulain, PM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-Pn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM poulain@oc.nps.navy.mil OI Falco, Pierpaolo/0000-0002-5130-5440; Poulain, Pierre-Marie/0000-0003-1342-8463 NR 44 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2055 EP 2071 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<2055:TPITAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 347DG UT WOS:000088911700016 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI Statecraft and security: The Cold War and beyond. SO JOURNAL OF POLITICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TEXAS PRESS PI AUSTIN PA BOX 7819, AUSTIN, TX 78713-7819 USA SN 0022-3816 J9 J POLIT JI J. Polit. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP 962 EP 963 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 345HA UT WOS:000088809500036 ER PT J AU Snow, AW Shirk, JS Pong, RGS AF Snow, AW Shirk, JS Pong, RGS TI Oligooxyethylene liquid phthalocyanines SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE liquid phthalocyanine; oxyethylene oligomer; phthalocyanine isomers; aggregation ID SUBSTITUTED PHTHALOCYANINES; POLYMERS; GLASSES AB A series of methyl-terminated oligooxyethylene (CH3(OCH2CH2)(n)O, n = 8.8)-substituted phthalocyanines with peripheral substitution at four beta positions, at four ct positions and at the eight a positions was synthesized and structurally characterized. These compounds are isotropic liquids above 10 degrees C. Non-Linear optical properties of the tetra-alpha- and tetra-beta-substituted compounds were examined. Both are reverse saturable absorbers in the visible region of the spectrum, but the tetra-ir-substituted compound has the larger non-linear absorption coefficient and can be a useful optical Limiter in cases where a non-volatile Liquid is desirable. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, AW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PD AUG PY 2000 VL 4 IS 5 BP 518 EP 524 DI 10.1002/1099-1409(200008)4:5<518::AID-JPP279>3.0.CO;2-E PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 335EP UT WOS:000088230800012 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Sakamoto, J Kostov, S Mansour, AN denBoer, ML Greenbaum, SG Huang, CK Surampudi, S AF Wang, Y Sakamoto, J Kostov, S Mansour, AN denBoer, ML Greenbaum, SG Huang, CK Surampudi, S TI Structural aspects of electrochemically lithiated SnO: nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption studies SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Solid State Lithium Battery Workshop CY JUL, 1999 CL TOWSON, MARYLAND DE SnO; nuclear magnetic resonance; x-ray absorption ID LITHIUM; OXIDE; CARBON AB We have compared the local structure of electrochemically lithiated SnO with Sn/Li alloys using Li-7 to study the environment of the Li ion and extended X-ray absorption fine structure to study the environment of the Sn ion. Although a widely accepted simple model suggested that the electrochemically Lithiated SnO should be similar to Sn/Li alloys of corresponding composition, we find this is true only at low Li concentrations. The addition of more Li to the structure produces, for both the Li and the Sn, features which are difficult to reconcile with the simple model, and suggest the presence of direct Sn-O interactions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Electrochem Technol Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP denBoer, ML (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG PY 2000 VL 89 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00434-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 329ZJ UT WOS:000087938100017 ER PT J AU Turgut, A AF Turgut, A TI Approximate expressions for viscous attenuation in marine sediments: Relating Biot's "critical" and "peak" frequencies SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POROSITY; SOUND AB Simple approximate relations are proposed for the viscous attenuation per cycle of the fast compressional and shear waves in the low-to-intermediate frequency range. Corresponding closed-form formulas are derived for frequencies at which maximum viscous attenuation per cycle occurs according to the Biot-Stoll theory of elastic wave propagation in marine sediments. In the new formulas, Biot's approximation [M. A. Blot, J. Acoust. Sec. Am, 34, 1254-1264 (1962)] for the frequency-dependent viscosity correction factor F(f) and the assumption of relatively low specific loss (Q(-1) < 0.2) [J. Geertsma and D. C. Smith, Geophysics 26(2), 169-181 (1962)] are used to provide an accurate representation of the fast compressional and shear wave attenuation from low frequencies through a transition region extending to two or three times Blot's critical frequency f(c). The approximate viscodynamic behavior of marine sediments for the fast compressional and shear waves shows similarities to that of a ''homogeneous relaxation'' process for an anelastic linear element [A. M, Freudenthal and H. Geiringer, Encyclopedia of Physics (Springer-Verlag, 1958), Vol. 6]. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)03307-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Turgut, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 108 IS 2 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1121/1.429581 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 342BX UT WOS:000088626300008 PM 10955615 ER PT J AU Yu, SY O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE Natishan, PM AF Yu, SY O'Grady, WE Ramaker, DE Natishan, PM TI Chloride ingress into aluminum prior to pitting corrosion - An investigation by XANES and XPS SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED CORROSION; TITANIUM; PASSIVITY; CL; ABSORPTION; BREAKDOWN; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; NICKEL AB Two distinct chloride (Cl-) species were detected on and/or in the passive oxides of polycrystalline Al samples, which were anodically polarized below the stable pitting potential in Cl--containing solutions. Chloride was found to be present as an adsorbed specie at the surface of the Al oxide, as well as an incorporated specie within the passive oxide. The two species of Cl- were recorded by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), using both an electron yield detector and an X-ray fluorescence detector, and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electron yield XANES and XPS results indicate that adsorbed Cl- migrates from the solution/Al oxide interface into the passive Al oxide film, prior to stable pit initiation. Cl- migration occurs once a critical anodic potential or critical adsorbed Cl- concentration is reached. The migration of Cl- is followed by a loss of oxidized Al from the passivating film, as determined by XPS, and can be attributed to (i) metastable pitting events or (ii) oxide dissolution. The ingress of Cl- into the oxide appears to be a key factor for the onset of metastable pitting or passive film dissolution. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)12-098-6. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Yu, SY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 147 IS 8 BP 2952 EP 2958 DI 10.1149/1.1393630 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 344FH UT WOS:000088748200016 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, A Bolden, EA AF Rosenberg, A Bolden, EA TI Optical filters consisting of metallic waveguide arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID BANDPASS-FILTERS AB We demonstrate high-pass optical filters with cutoffs in the 0.3-10-mu m spectral region. These filters consist of uniform arrays of hollow metallic waveguides, obtained by coating wafers of the previously developed channel-glass (CG) materials with a thin metal film. In these filters the channel diameter controls the cutoff frequency, the channel length controls the sharpness of the cutoff, and the channel density determines the transmission efficiency at cutoff. All of these parameters can be controlled in the CG starting material. The properties of the metal coatings that influence the filter properties are also discussed. Cutoff wavelengths near 300 nm have been achieved to date by using CG materials with submicrometer channel diameters. At all channel diameters, the transmission spectra include a peak just above the cutoff wavelength, where the transmission value can exceed that expected on the basis of the geometrical open area of the CG structure. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(00)01308-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rosenberg, A (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1461 EP 1468 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.17.001461 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 337DM UT WOS:000088342200012 ER PT J AU Chu, PC Fan, CW AF Chu, PC Fan, CW TI A three-point sixth-order staggered combined compact difference scheme SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE blasius equation; combined compact difference scheme; computational stability; sigma-coordinate ocean model; staggered grid ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODELS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SIGMA AB A three-point, sixth-order, staggered, combined compact difference (SCCD) scheme is proposed for numerical models. The SCCD scheme is a generalisation of the previously proposed combined compact difference (CCD) scheme, and has major improved features such as error and computational (CPU) time reduction especially for odd-order difference equations with odd-number boundary conditions. For nonperiodic boundaries, an additional sixth- or fifth-order boundary condition is proposed. The stability of the SCCD scheme is studied using the eigenvalue analysis. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chu, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(00)00138-2 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 343KR UT WOS:000088702000004 ER PT J AU Riddle, JR Hyams, KC Murphy, FM Mazzuchi, JF AF Riddle, JR Hyams, KC Murphy, FM Mazzuchi, JF TI In the borderland between health and disease following the Gulf War SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VETERANS C1 US Dept Def, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. US Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. RP Riddle, JR (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Skyline 5,Suite 810 Mail,5111 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 75 IS 8 BP 777 EP 779 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341UE UT WOS:000088607400001 PM 10943228 ER PT J AU Goto, DM Bingert, JF Chen, SR Gray, GT Garrett, RK AF Goto, DM Bingert, JF Chen, SR Gray, GT Garrett, RK TI The mechanical threshold stress constitutive-strength model description of HY-100 steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-STRAIN DEFORMATION AB A generalized three-term mechanical threshold stress (MTS) strength model description, considering athermal, thermal, and strain-hardening contributions to flow stress, is employed to characterize the constitutive stress-strain response of HY-100 steel. Aspects of the MTS framework pertinent to United States Navy HY steels are discussed, and a calibration methodology is presented for determining MTS strength model parameters. In addition, a linear strain-hardening modification to the existing structure-evolution expression (flow-stress saturation) is proposed to better describe the large-strain strain-hardening behavior. Polycrystalline plasticity calculations suggest that the linear-lice hardening behavior is a consequence of deformation-path-dependent texture evolution. Calculation results are applied to MTS model stress-strain predictions and, in part, help explain the differences between compression and torsion test data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goto, DM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1985 EP 1996 DI 10.1007/s11661-000-0226-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 344HP UT WOS:000088753400010 ER PT J AU Bibb, SC AF Bibb, SC TI Access and late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer in the military health system SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WHITE WOMEN; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CERVICAL-CANCER; SURVIVAL; BLACK; RACE; IMPACT; AGE AB The results reported in this paper are from a larger study examining the relationship between access and stage at diagnosis of breast cancer in African-American and white women. This paper focuses on the results describing the extent to which potential and realized access predict stage at diagnosis within an equal economic access health care system. Data in this descriptive-comparative study were collected through secondary analysis using the tumor registry records of 62 African-American and 573 white women diagnosed with breast cancer in the military health system between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 1997, Logistic regression analysis revealed that late-stage breast cancer was more likely to be diagnosed in African-American women from low socioeconomic strata with incidental breast self-examination-discovered cancers. The most significant predictors of late-stage diagnosis were means of discovery and the length of time between discovery and diagnosis. C1 Univ San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Bibb, SC (reprint author), Univ San Diego, USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 585 EP 590 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500005 PM 10957849 ER PT J AU McDonough, C Gray, GC AF McDonough, C Gray, GC TI Risk factors for sarcoidosis hospitalization among US Navy and Marine Corps personnel, 1981 to 1995 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Prevention 98 Meeting CY APR 02-05, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Coll Prevent Med ID VARICELLA; RATES AB Sarcoidosis has been associated with various demographic risk factors, yet findings may be falsely influenced by effects such as socioeconomic status. We used univariate and multiple logistic regression to compare demographic data from military sarcoidosis hospitalizations with similar data from the general military population from 1981 to 1995. A total of 626 first hospitalizations for sarcoidosis were identified. After adjusting for pay grade, blacks had seven-fold increased odds of sarcoidosis hospitalization compared with whites. The oldest age group had five times the odds of the youngest age group. A southeastern United States home of record was associated with increased risk. Multivariate modeling permitted us to determine independent risk factors for sarcoidosis hospitalization, in contrast to previous studies that focused mainly on unadjusted rates. These findings are useful in identifying populations at high risk for sarcoidosis. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP McDonough, C (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 630 EP 632 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500016 PM 10957860 ER PT J AU Williams, DA AF Williams, DA TI Stevens-Johnson syndrome after erythromycin therapy while deployed at sea SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USN Hosp, Branch Med Clin, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. RP Williams, DA (reprint author), USN Hosp, Branch Med Clin, Naval Air Stn, Bldg 964, Jacksonville, FL 32214 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 636 EP 637 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500018 PM 10957862 ER PT J AU Harr, PA Elsberry, RL AF Harr, PA Elsberry, RL TI Extratropical transition of tropical cyclones over the western north pacific. Part I: Evolution of structural characteristics during the transition process SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONDITIONAL SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY; NONDIVERGENT VORTEX; KINEMATIC ANALYSIS; LIFE-CYCLE; MARINE CYCLONE; STORM AGNES; FRONTOGENESIS; REINTENSIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; CLASSIFICATION AB The development of extratropical cyclone structural characteristics that resulted from the extratropical transition of Typhoon (TY) David (1997) and TY Opal (1997) over the western North Pacific is examined. David moved poleward ahead of a midlatitude trough that was moving eastward as the dominant midlatitude circulation feature over the western North Pacific. During the transition, David coupled with the midlatitude trough, which led to the evolution of an intense cyclone that became the primary circulation over the North Pacific. Although Opal also moved poleward ahead of a midlatitude trough, the principal midlatitude feature over the western North Pacific was a preexisting stationary cyclone over the Kamchatka peninsula. During transition, Opal weakened and became a secondary cyclone to the preexisting primary North Pacific cyclone. The structural characteristics of the evolving extratropical cyclone with respect to each case are examined in the context of the interaction between a vortex and a baroclinic zone using vector-frontogenesis diagnostics for the Lagrangian rate of change of the magnitude and direction of the horizontal gradient of potential temperature. In this framework, total frontogenesis is divided into components that define the magnitude and rotation of the potential temperature gradient. The initial evolution of extratropical cyclone features for both cases was dominated by warm frontogenesis due to the large amount of warm advection on the east side of the decaying tropical cyclone and the deformation field defined by the poleward movement of the tropical cyclone. However, large differences between the components of rotational frontogenesis for David and Opal are observed that are related to the subsequent reintensification of David and weakening of Opal. The differences are attributed to the different midlatitude circulation characteristics into which each tropical cyclone moved. The pattern of rotational frontogenesis associated with TY David reinforced the dynamical support for the coupling of David with the midlatitude trough, which resulted in the development of an intense extratropical cyclone. During the transition of Opal, maximum rotational frontogenesis occurred over the region where Opal interacted with the preexisting midlatitude cyclone. This weakened the coupling between Opal and the midlatitude trough and prevented the development of a separate extratropical cyclone. One of the unresolved aspects of forecasting extratropical transition is to define when transition has occurred. Although the final extratropical cyclone characteristics may vary greatly from case to case, increased warm frontogenesis seems to be consistent during the initial change from tropical to extratropical characteristics. Therefore, evolution of a frontogenesis parameter is calculated for each case from before transition, through transition, and after transition. In both cases, the rate of increase in frontogenesis peaks at a time that may be defined as the transition time. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Root Hall,589 Dyer Rd,Code MR-Hp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM paharr@nps.navy.mil NR 36 TC 87 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 128 IS 8 BP 2613 EP 2633 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2613:ETOTCO>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 346BD UT WOS:000088849600001 ER PT J AU Harr, PA Elsberry, RL Hogan, TF AF Harr, PA Elsberry, RL Hogan, TF TI Extratropical transition of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific. Part II: The impact of midlatitude circulation characteristics SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE INTENSITY; EXTERNAL INFLUENCES; TROPOPAUSE UNDULATIONS; STORM AGNES; VORTICITY; REINTENSIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; CYCLOGENESIS; MODEL; FLOW AB Two characteristic midlatitude circulation patterns (labeled northwest and northeast) are found to be associated with extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific Ocean. Although in both cases the tropical cyclone moves poleward ahead of a midlatitude trough. the primary midlatitude circulation is either that trough or is a large quasi-stationary cyclone to the northeast of the poleward-moving tropical cyclone. Transition into a northwest pattern typically results in the development within 36 h of an intense extratropical cyclone that moves north-northeast. A tropical cyclone that moves into a northeast pattern enters into strong zonal flow between the primary midlatitude circulation and the subtropical ridge to the southeast. These systems move rapidly eastward and do not intensify significantly during the 36 h following transition. In Part I of this study, the ET of Typhoon (TY) David (1997) and the ET of TY Opal (1997) were investigated in terms of the formation of extratropical cyclone features. In this study, the same cases of ET are examined to define interactions between the decaying tropical cyclone and these two general synoptic environments in terms of the distributions of heat and momentum fluxes and generation of kinetic energy between the cyclone and the environment. During transition into either circulation pattern, the tropical cyclone is initially impacted by upper-tropospheric eddy angular momentum fluxes associated with the juxtaposition of the midlatitude circulation. During transition into a northwest pattern, the tropical cyclone couples with the midlatitude baroclinic zone such that low-level eddy heat fluxes contribute to the extratropical cyclone development. During transition into a northeast pattern, the strong zonal flow seems to prevent a direct interaction between the decaying tropical cyclone and the primary midlatitude circulation. Eddy heat fluxes do not increase and minimal baroclinic development occurs. The two types of extratropical transition also have significant differences in the generation of kinetic energy during the reintensification as an extratropical cyclone. Extratropical transition into a northwest pattern results in barotropic and baroclinic production of kinetic energy through direct solenoidal circulations that result from the coupling of the tropical cyclone and midlatitude trough. The movement of a tropical cyclone toward the large, quasi-stationary extratropical cyclone in the northeast pattern results in barotropic destruction of kinetic energy that inhibits significant reintensification. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Harr, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Hp,Root Hall,589 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 31 TC 58 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 128 IS 8 BP 2634 EP 2653 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2634:ETOTCO>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 346BD UT WOS:000088849600002 ER PT J AU Chan, F Towghi, N Pan, LT Javidi, B AF Chan, F Towghi, N Pan, LT Javidi, B TI Distortion-tolerant minimum-mean-squared-error filter for detecting noisy targets in environmental degradation SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE distortion-tolerant filtering; image processing; target detection; classification; automatic target recognizer; optimal filtering; environmental degradation; image recognition in nonoverlapping and additive noise; modulation transfer function ID OPTICAL-PATTERN RECOGNITION; DISJOINT SIGNAL; SCENE NOISE AB Single-template algorithms are useful when the orientation of the target is known. However, if a target's exact aspect angle is unknown a priori, then multiple templates may be combined to yield a distortion-tolerant filter. In addition, the presence of environmental degradation between the target and the observer degrades the detection and classification performance of electro-optical sensors. We introduce a minimum-mean-squared-error filtering algorithm that takes into account the environmental degradation, additive system noise, nonoverlapping background noise, and target distortions. This distortion-tolerant filter is shown to be tolerant of different target aspects, and detects true class targets well in complex scenes. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)02708-2]. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Submarine Electromagnet Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Chan, F (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Div Newport, Submarine Electromagnet Dept, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2092 EP 2100 DI 10.1117/1.1305543 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 344AD UT WOS:000088734700011 ER PT J AU Machi, IZ Connell, SH Baker, M Sellschop, JPF Bharuth-Ram, K Fischer, CG Nilen, RW Cox, SFJ Butler, JE AF Machi, IZ Connell, SH Baker, M Sellschop, JPF Bharuth-Ram, K Fischer, CG Nilen, RW Cox, SFJ Butler, JE TI A new muonium trap in nitrogen-rich diamond discovered by mu SR SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 1999 CL LES DIABLERETS, SWITZERLAND SP European Phys Soc, Paul Scherrer Inst, Eidgenoss Tech Hochschule, Univ Zurich, European Sci Fdn, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Neue Aargauer Bank, Sauerstoffwerk Lenzburg AG, Hamamatsu Photon, EG & G Berthold GmbH & Co KG, Prophysik AG, Kroger & Co, Wenger SA, Alcatel Hochvakuum Tech GmbH, Sunrise AG, Dramer AG, Automobil & Motoren AG DE nitrogen; diamond; muonium; hydrogen AB We recently reported on the discovery of a new muonium configuration, Mu,, in nitrogen-rich diamond. The Mu,, observed in combined transverse and longitudinal field muon spin relaxation or rotation measurements during an effort to trace the origin of the large missing fraction peculiar to nitrogen-rich diamonds, was found to have less than axial symmetry. Results of the quantitative analysis confirming the less than axial symmetry of the site are presented. In addition, results of molecular orbital calculations which indicate possible identifications of Mu, within aggregated nitrogen centres are presented. The muon(ium) would he more deeply trapped within the nitrogen-related configurations than in the bond-centered configuration. These nitrogen-related traps are deeper for the muon than for muonium. Indeed, a T1 relaxation of the diamagnetic component is observed for the first time in this data. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Res Ctr, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. Univ S Africa, Dept Phys, ZA-0003 Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Durban Westville, Dept Phys, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Machi, IZ (reprint author), Univ S Africa, Dept Phys, Box 392, ZA-0003 Pretoria, South Africa. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Connell, Simon/F-2962-2015 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Connell, Simon/0000-0001-6000-7245 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG PY 2000 VL 289 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00239-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 330GB UT WOS:000087953500131 ER PT J AU Curdt, W Landi, E Wilhelm, K Feldman, U AF Curdt, W Landi, E Wilhelm, K Feldman, U TI Wavelength measurements of heliumlike 1s2s S-3(1)-1s2p P-3(0,2) transitions in Ne8+, Na9+, Mg10+, and Si12+ emitted by solar flare plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; TRIPLET-STATES; EMISSION-LINES; IONS; ENERGIES; SUMER AB With the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation instrument-a high-resolution normal-incidence telescope and spectrometer on beard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory-heliumlike 1s2s S-3(1) -1s2p P-3(0,2) transitions in the highly ionized species Ne8+, Na9+, Mg10+, and Si12+ were observed. The spectral lines were emitted by high-temperature solar hare plasmas. In this paper, we report on wavelength measurements of the He-like lines identified in the recorded spectra. The wavelength uncertainties we obtained from the solar measurements are less than or equal to 20 m Angstrom(1 sigma), and in one case less than or equal to 30 m Angstrom. This is comparable to or better than the best determinations so far achieved for these heliumlike 1s2s S-3(1) -1s2p P-3(0,2) transitions with instrumentation in the laboratory. For the Na9+ S-3(1)-P-3(2) transition we report what is to our knowledge the first wavelength measurement. The knowledge of the accurate wavelengths can provide important checks on atomic structure calculations. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Curdt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2000 VL 62 IS 2 AR 022502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.022502 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 343CD UT WOS:000088683400040 ER PT J AU Velikovich, AL Davis, J Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Rudakov, LI Deeney, C AF Velikovich, AL Davis, J Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Rudakov, LI Deeney, C TI Model of enhanced energy deposition in a Z-pinch plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; K-SHELL EMISSION; X-RAY-EMISSION; ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; WIRE NUMBER; POWER; LOADS; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; GENERATORS AB In numerous experiments, magnetic energy coupled to strongly radiating Z-pinch plasmas exceeds the thermalized kinetic energy, sometimes by a factor of 2-3. An analytical model describing this additional energy deposition based on the concept of macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent pinch heating proposed by Rudakov and Sudan [Phys. Reports 283, 253 (1997)] is presented. The pinch plasma is modeled as a foam-like medium saturated with toroidal "magnetic bubbles" produced by the development of surface m=0 Rayleigh-Taylor and MHD instabilities. As the bubbles converge to the pinch axis, their magnetic energy is converted to thermal energy of the plasma through pdV work. Explicit formulas for the average dissipation rate of this process and the corresponding contribution to the resistance of the load, which compare favorably to the experimental data and simulation results, are presented. The possibility of using this enhanced (relative to Ohmic heating) dissipation mechanism to power novel plasma radiation sources and produce high K-shell yields using long current rise time machines is discussed. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)02808-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Adv Power Technol Inc, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87545 USA. RP Velikovich, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 41 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2000 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3265 EP 3277 DI 10.1063/1.874192 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 335JG UT WOS:000088239900019 ER PT J AU Apruzese, JP Davis, J Whitney, KG Yadlowsky, EJ Carlson, EP Niemel, J Barakat, F Hazelton, RC Klepper, CC Moschella, JJ Failor, BH Levine, JS Riordan, JC Song, Y Whitton, BL AF Apruzese, JP Davis, J Whitney, KG Yadlowsky, EJ Carlson, EP Niemel, J Barakat, F Hazelton, RC Klepper, CC Moschella, JJ Failor, BH Levine, JS Riordan, JC Song, Y Whitton, BL TI Analyzing spatially resolved line spectra emitted by Z pinches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; WIRE-ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURE; PLASMAS; DENSITY; LASER; MASS; SPECTROSCOPY; OPTIMIZATION AB The spatial profiles of key physical variables such as electron temperature and density are crucial in determining the overall radiating efficiency of a Z pinch as well as the emitted photon energy distribution. The present work uses spatially resolved x-ray lines emitted from shots taken on the 4 MA Double EAGLE generator [C. Deeney , Phys. Rev. A 44, 6762 (1991)] at Maxwell Physics International to infer such profiles. The loads were arrays of 15 wires consisting of 95% Al, 5% Si, producing nearly 50 kJ of K-shell radiation with relatively long pulsewidths of 41-43 ns. It is found that the spatial profile of the He-like intercombination to resonance line ratio is critically affected by self-absorption and re-emission (scattering) of resonance line photons emitted from the hot, dense interior of the pinch. This ratio cannot be correctly interpreted without taking the scattering into account. Also, at densities somewhat lower than those achieved by these pinches, this line ratio becomes more temperature than density dependent. The inferred temperature gradient is much less steep than that which had been diagnosed previously for a pinch emitting a much shorter x-ray pulsewidth of 13 ns. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)01808-5]. C1 USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hy Tech Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. Maxwell Phys Int, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2000 VL 7 IS 8 BP 3399 EP 3404 DI 10.1063/1.874203 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 335JG UT WOS:000088239900031 ER PT J AU Manheimer, WM Fernsler, RF Lampe, M Meger, RA AF Manheimer, WM Fernsler, RF Lampe, M Meger, RA TI Theoretical overview of the large-area plasma processing system (LAPPS) SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; GENERATION; BEAMS AB A large-area plasma processing system (LAPPS) is under development at the Naval Research Laboratory. In the LAPPS, the plasma is generated by a sheet electron beam with voltages and current densities of the order of kilovolts and tens of milliamps per cm(2). The plasma dimensions are a metre square by a few centimetres thick. The beam is guided by a magnetic field of 50-300 G. Since an electron beam of this type efficiently ionizes any gas, high electron densities of n similar to 10(12)-10(13) cm(-3) are easily generated at 30-100 mTorr background pressure. In addition to large area and high electron density, the LAPPS has advantages for plasma processing. These include independent control of ion and free radical fluxes to the surface, very high uniformity, very low electron temperature (T-e, <1 eV, but can be controllably increased to a desired value) and a geometry that is well suited for many applications. This paper sketches an initial theoretical overview of issues in the LAPPS and compares aspects of the theory to a preliminary experiment. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Manheimer, WM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 370 EP 386 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/9/3/316 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 347FM UT WOS:000088916900016 ER PT J AU Joyce, G Lampe, M Fernsler, RF Manheimer, WM AF Joyce, G Lampe, M Fernsler, RF Manheimer, WM TI Ion distribution functions in an Ar-Cl ECR discharge SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MICROWAVE PLASMA; ELECTRON; SIMULATION; COLLISIONS; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; ENERGY AB In processing plasmas, the ion distribution functions are generally non-Maxwellian and spatially varying. We have used the NRL axisymmetric particle simulation code QUASI-rz to calculate ion distribution functions at various positions in the plasma, for an ECR discharge in Ar/Cl gas mixture. We show that the distribution functions are determined by an interplay of several processes: ion acceleration due to the diverging magnetic field, or to the pre-sheath electric field, charge-exchange collisions, and Coulomb collisions between ions. Omitting any of these processes from a model radically alters the conclusions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Joyce, G (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/9/3/320 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 347FM UT WOS:000088916900020 ER PT J AU Martin, G Lazarus, A AF Martin, G Lazarus, A TI Epidemiology and diagnosis of tuberculosis - Recognition of at-risk patients is key to prompt detection SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; FEATURES AB Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a devastating disease worldwide and is believed to be present in about one third of the world's population. It is estimated that about 8 million new cases of TB and 2.6 to 2.9 mil lion deaths from this disease occur annually around the world. Primary care physicians provide the critical first steps in reducing the incidence of active cases and detecting the emergence of drug resistance in TB. In this article, the authors discuss characteristics of the disease and diagnostic procedures for rapid identification and drug susceptibility testing. C1 USN, Div Infect Dis, Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Martin, G (reprint author), USN, Div Infect Dis, Med Ctr, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 108 IS 2 BP 42 EP + PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 342UW UT WOS:000088664400010 PM 10951745 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Hoyt, G Grillon, C AF Morgan, CA Hoyt, G Grillon, C TI Effect of uncontrollable stress on human acoustic startle SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD AUG PY 2000 VL 37 SU 1 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 364PJ UT WOS:000089900500012 ER PT J AU Hwang, PA Krabill, WB Wright, W Swift, RN Walsh, EJ AF Hwang, PA Krabill, WB Wright, W Swift, RN Walsh, EJ TI Airborne scanning lidar measurement of ocean waves SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments CY OCT 05-07, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP ERIM Int Inc ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; WHITECAP COVERAGE; LASER ALTIMETRY; SPECTRA AB A scanning lidar system provides high-resolution three-dimensional measurements of ocean wave displacement. The airborne operation further enhances the speed of data acquisition. These properties allow rapid characterization of the ocean wave environment. In addition to active ranging, the scanning optics can obtain passive measurements of surface emissivity, yielding a digital image of surface brightness in real time. Processed into a binary image, these measurements can provide information on the average statistics and the spatial distribution of breaking waves. Technical specifications of the system and examples of application are presented. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospheric Proc, Wallops Island, VA 23337 USA. EG&G Serv Inc, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Island, VA USA. RP Hwang, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 73 IS 2 BP 236 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00098-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 335ZM UT WOS:000088277200013 ER PT J AU Song, Y Coleman, P Failor, BH Fisher, A Ingermanson, R Levine, JS Sze, H Waisman, E Commisso, RJ Cochran, T Davis, J Moosman, B Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Bell, D Schneider, R AF Song, Y Coleman, P Failor, BH Fisher, A Ingermanson, R Levine, JS Sze, H Waisman, E Commisso, RJ Cochran, T Davis, J Moosman, B Velikovich, AL Weber, BV Bell, D Schneider, R TI Valve and nozzle design for injecting a shell-on-shell gas puff load into a z pinch SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; X-RAY POWER; SUPPRESSION; ENHANCEMENT AB We have developed a dual-plenum gas valve coupled to a double shell nozzle for the generation of "shell-on-shell" gas loads in z-pinch plasma radiation source experiments. The gas density profiles of the nozzles have been characterized with laser interferometry. This valve/nozzle combination has been successfully fielded on the Double-EAGLE and Saturn pulsed-power generators. The design and characterization of the shell-on-shell valve/nozzle are presented in this article. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0034- 6748(00)04808-5]. C1 Maxwell Phys Int, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Defense Threat Reduct Agcy, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Song, Y (reprint author), Maxwell Phys Int, 2700 Merced St, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 3080 EP 3084 DI 10.1063/1.1305817 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 344XW UT WOS:000088787200019 ER PT J AU Gershon, D Calame, JP Carmel, Y Antonsen, TM AF Gershon, D Calame, JP Carmel, Y Antonsen, TM TI Adjustable resonant cavity for measuring the complex permittivity of dielectric materials SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE AB An adjustable resonance cavity was developed to measure the complex permittivity of dielectric materials. The cavity has an inner diameter of 16.400 cm and an inner height of 2.54 cm. The aluminum stationary wall holder was positioned about 10.8 cm above the top of the cavity. It was fixed into place by three 1.27-cm-diam linear shafts. By suspending from the wall holder, the movable wall moved vertically by sliding on 1.27 cm bore-closed ball bushings. By turning a 1 in.-12 nut, the movable wall could be positioned so that the cavity height equaled the height of the sample. Therefore, this enables the measurement of the permittivity of samples with heights between 0.88 and 1.91 cm and radius between 1.27 and 3.18 cm. The complex permittivity of the sample was calculated based upon the sample dimensions, central frequency of TMono modes, and Q factor of the resonance curve using an exact solution. The complex permittivity was measured at the three lowest modes, where the frequency span is 1-4 GHz. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(00)01108-4]. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gershon, D (reprint author), Intel Corp, 5200 NE Elam Young Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 3207 EP 3209 DI 10.1063/1.1304865 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 344XW UT WOS:000088787200042 ER PT J AU Kurpius, SER Lucart, AL AF Kurpius, SER Lucart, AL TI Military and civilian undergraduates: Attitudes toward women, masculinity, and authoritarianism SO SEX ROLES LA English DT Article ID GENDER-ROLE; WEST-POINT; SCALE AWS; PERSPECTIVE; SEX AB The influence of civilian and military college environments and undergraduates' sex on gender role attitudes and authoritarianism was investigated. Three hundred thirteen male and 69 female, primarily white middle-class students at the United States Naval Academy, United States Air Force Academy, Reserve Officer Training Corps, and a civilian university participated. Approximately 7% were Hispanic, 6% African-American, and 5% Asian-American. Military students had the most traditional authoritarian beliefs Lend gender role attitudes. When men only were analyzed, USNA males were the most traditional in their attitudes toward women and in antifemininity attitudes. ROTC men were the most traditional in authoritarianism and in status beliefs. All military-affiliated men held more traditional toughness attitudes than did civilian men. USNA men had the most traditional attitudes toward women as compared to the USNA females and civilian females and males. C1 Arizona State Univ, Counseling Pyschol Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Kurpius, SER (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Counseling Pyschol Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0360-0025 J9 SEX ROLES JI Sex Roles PD AUG PY 2000 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 265 PG 11 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Social; Women's Studies SC Psychology; Women's Studies GA 378LM UT WOS:000165585900007 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Dammasch, IE Wilhelm, K AF Feldman, U Dammasch, IE Wilhelm, K TI The morphology of the solar upper atmosphere during the sunspot minimum SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LIMB-BRIGHTENING OBSERVATIONS; UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; EMISSION-LINE SPECTRUM; POLAR CORONAL HOLES; X-RAY TELESCOPE; TRANSITION-REGION; QUIET-SUN; SUMER OBSERVATIONS; CHROMOSPHERIC NETWORK AB The solar upper atmosphere (SUA) is defined as the volume above the photosphere occupied by plasmas with electron temperatures, T(e), above approximate to 2x10(4) K. Until the Skylab era, only little was known about the morphology of the SUA, while the quality of the spectroscopic observations was continually improving. A spherically symmetric atmosphere was assumed at that time, in which the temperature increased with height. With advances in the observational techniques, it became apparent that the morphology of the SUA was very complex even during the minimum of the magnetic activity cycle. In particular, spectroscopic measurements with high spectral and spatial resolution, which were made in the light of ultraviolet emission lines representing a variety of temperatures, led to the conclusion that most of the radiation from the solar transition region could not be explained by assuming a continuous chromosphere-corona interface, but rather by a region of unresolved fine structures. Recent observational results obtained by modern instruments, such as the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT), the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO), and the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of (SUMER) spectrograph on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), as well as the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), and their interpretations will be presented in this review of our understanding of the morphology of the SUA. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 101 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 411 EP 472 DI 10.1023/A:1026518806911 PG 62 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 379FK UT WOS:000165631200001 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CA Gelaro, R Palmer, TN AF Reynolds, CA Gelaro, R Palmer, TN TI Examination of targeting methods in a simplified setting SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SINGULAR VECTORS; OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS; FORECAST ERRORS; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; INITIAL CONDITIONS; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTABILITY; IMPACT; MODEL AB The effectiveness of 2 methods for targeting observations is examined using a T21 L3 QG model in a perfect model context. Target gridpoints are chosen using the pseudo-inverse (the inverse composed of the first three singular vectors only) and the quasi-inverse or backward integration (running the tangent equations with a negative time-step). The effectiveness of a target is measured by setting the analysis error to zero in a region surrounding the target and noting the impact on the forecast error in the verification region. In a post-time setting, when the targets are based on forecast errors that are known exactly, both methods provide targets that are significantly better than targets chosen at random within a broad region upstream of the verification region. When uncertainty is added to the verifying analysis such that the forecast error is known inexactly, the pseudo-inverse targets still perform very well, while the backward integration targets are degraded. This degradation due to forecast uncertainty is especially significant when the targets are a function of height as well as horizontal position. When an ensemble-forecast difference is used in place of the inexact forecast error, the backward integration targets may be improved considerably. However, this significant improvement depends on the characteristics of the initial-time ensemble perturbation. Pseudo-inverse targets based on ensemble forecast differences are comparable to pseudo-inverse targets based on exact forecast errors. Targets based on the largest analysis error are also found to be considerably more effective than random targets. The collocation of the backward integration and pseudo-inverse targets appears to be a good indicator of target skill. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Palmer, Tim/0000-0002-7121-2196; Reynolds, Carolyn/0000-0003-4690-4171 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 52 IS 4 BP 391 EP 411 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.2000.00071.x PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 342NP UT WOS:000088651900004 ER PT J AU Klein, PM Harr, PA Elsberry, RL AF Klein, PM Harr, PA Elsberry, RL TI Extratropical transition of western North Pacific tropical cyclones: An overview and conceptual model of the transformation stage SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID REINTENSIFICATION AB Extratropical transition (ET) in the western North Pacific is defined here in terms of two stages: transformation, in which the tropical cyclone evolves into a baroclinic storm; and reintensification, where the transformed storm then deepens as an extratropical cyclone. In this study, 30 ET cases occurring during 1 June-31 October 1994-98 are reviewed using Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System analyses; hourly geostationary visible, infrared, and water vapor imagery; and microwave imagery. A brief climatology based on these cases is presented for the transformation stage and the subsequent cyclone characteristics of the reintensification stage. A three-dimensional conceptual model of the transformation stage of ET in the western North Pacific Ocean is proposed that describes how virtually all 30 cases evolved into an incipient, baroclinic low. The three-step evolution of the transformation of Typhoon (TY) David (September 1997) is described as a prototypical example. Four important physical processes examined in each of the three steps include (i) environmental inflow of colder, drier (warm, moist) air in the western (eastern) quadrant of David's outer circulation that initiates an asymmetric distribution of clouds and precipitation, and a dipole of lower-tropospheric temperature advection; (ii) the interaction between TY David and a preexisting, midlatitude baroclinic zone to produce ascent over tilted isentropic surfaces; (iii) systematic decay and tilt of the warm core aloft in response to vertical shear; and (iv) an evolution of David's outer circulation into an asymmetric pattern that implies lower-tropospheric frontogenesis. The beginning and end of the transformation stage of ET in the western North Pacific is defined based on the interaction of the tropical cyclone circulation with a preexisting, midlatitude baroclinic zone. In particular, cases that complete the transformation stage of ET become embedded in the preexisting, midlatitude baroclinic zone, with the storm center in cold, descending air. Cases that begin transformation but do not become embedded in the baroclinic zone fail to complete transformation and simply dissipate over lower sea surface temperatures and in an environment of vertical wind shear. Use of the conceptual model, together with satellite imagery and high-resolution numerical analyses and forecasts, should assist forecasters in assessing the commencement, progress, and completion of the transformation stage of ET in the western North Pacific, and result in improved forecasts and dissemination of timely, effective advisories and warnings. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Klein, PM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Code MR-Hp,589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 17 TC 121 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 15 IS 4 BP 373 EP 395 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0373:ETOWNP>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 346EX UT WOS:000088858800001 ER PT J AU Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP Baer, MR Namkung, J Chambers, P AF Pangilinan, GI Russell, TP Baer, MR Namkung, J Chambers, P TI Underwater shock measurements using a ruby pressure gauge SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID R-LINE SHIFTS AB The measurement of the temporal profile of the pressure in a shock wave propagating underwater and interacting with a nearby metal plate is presented. Pressures are deduced from the time-resolved fluorescence of a submillimeter ruby crystal mounted on an optical fiber tip. The measured pressures agree with finite-element code predictions, which model the production and propagation of the shock wave. These measurements are useful to evaluate shock-induced phenomena that an strongly dependent an the temporal profile of a shock wave, in small-scale testing, and in substantiating finite-element code predictions. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03331-3]. C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Lab, Dept 9112, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Pangilinan, GI (reprint author), USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Code 6112, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 684 EP 686 DI 10.1063/1.127085 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 341FL UT WOS:000088580300026 ER PT J AU Broido, DA Reinecke, TL AF Broido, DA Reinecke, TL TI Thermoelectric power factor in superlattice systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; MERIT; FIGURE AB A formalism is given for the power factor for thermoelectric transport in quantum well and wire superlattices using full electronic band structure and the complete inelastic Boltzmann equations for carrier-phonon scattering. Detailed calculations are given for realistic PbTe quantum well and quantum wire superlattices. In the quantum well case the dependence of the power factor on potential is much weaker than in previous work, and its behavior is traced to the underlying physics. Results are also given for the dependence of the power factors on growth direction. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03931-0]. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02465 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Broido, DA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02465 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 5 BP 705 EP 707 DI 10.1063/1.127092 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 341FL UT WOS:000088580300033 ER PT J AU Giraldo, FX AF Giraldo, FX TI The Lagrange-Galerkin method for the two-dimensional shallow water equations on adaptive grids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE characteristic-based; Eluerian-Lagrangian; finite element; semi-Lagrangian; unstructured grid ID LOCALIZED ADJOINT METHOD; ADVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATION; EQUATORIAL SOLITARY WAVES; SPHERICAL GEODESIC GRIDS; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL AB The weak Lagrange-Galerkin finite element method for the two-dimensional shallow water equations on adaptive unstructured grids is presented. The equations are written in conservation form and the domains are discretized using triangular elements. Lagrangian methods integrate the governing equations along the characteristic curves, thus being well suited for resolving the non-linearities introduced by the advection operator of the fluid dynamics equations. An additional fortuitous consequence of using Lagrangian methods is that the resulting spatial operator is self-adjoint, thereby justifying the use of a Galerkin formulation; this formulation has been proven to be optimal for such differential operators. The weak Lagrange-Galerkin method automatically takes into account the dilation of the control volume, thereby resulting in a conservative scheme. The use of linear triangular elements permits the construction of accurate (by virtue of the second-order spatial and temporal accuracies of the scheme) and efficient (by virtue of the less stringent Courant-Friedrich-Lewy (CFL) condition of Lagrangian methods) schemes on adaptive unstructured triangular grids. Lagrangian methods are natural candidates for use with adaptive unstructured grids because the resolution of the grid can be increased without having to decrease the time step in order to satisfy stability. An advancing front adaptive unstructured triangular mesh generator is presented. The highlight of this algorithm is that the weak Lagrange-Galerkin method is used to project the conservation variables from the old mesh onto the newly adapted mesh. In addition, two new schemes for computing the characteristic curves are presented: a composite mid-point rule and a general family of Runge-Kutta schemes. Results for the two-dimensional advection equation with and without time-dependent velocity fields are illustrated to confirm the accuracy of the particle trajectories. Results for the two-dimensional shallow water equations on a non-linear soliton wave are presented to illustrate the power and flexibility of this strategy. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Giraldo, FX (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2,Bldg 704-245, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUL 30 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 6 BP 789 EP 832 DI 10.1002/1097-0363(20000730)33:6<789::AID-FLD29>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 44 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 337YG UT WOS:000088390600002 ER PT J AU Chafin, A Merwin, L AF Chafin, A Merwin, L TI The nitration of 1,3,5-triazine with dinitrogen pentoxide SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USN, Mat Synth Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Chafin, A (reprint author), USN, Mat Synth Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 28 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 15 BP 4743 EP 4744 DI 10.1021/jo000064s PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 339QF UT WOS:000088488900040 ER PT J AU Miao, MS Zhang, ML Van Doren, VE Ladik, JJ Mintmire, JW AF Miao, MS Zhang, ML Van Doren, VE Ladik, JJ Mintmire, JW TI Local density approximation calculation of the conformation and electronic structure of poly(fluoroethylene)s SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID 3 CRYSTALLINE FORMS; POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; POLYETHYLENE; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE); POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; POLYPARAPHENYLENE; POLYMERS; LDA AB A series of density functional calculations of the structural and electronic properties of all six different fluorinated polyethylenes with several different dihedral angles are performed using two different local density approximations (LDA's), the Gaspar-Kohn-Sham and the Perdew-Zunger ones. The geometrical parameters are optimized simultaneously for the stable conformation of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(difluoroethylene). The torsional potential curves for all the poly(fluoroethylene)s show an absolute minimum at dihedral angles other than 180 degrees, corresponding to a nonplanar conformation. For poly(difluoroethylene), the absolute minimum is found at the gauche form. The valence and conduction bands as well as the Mulliken populations are calculated and compared with other theoretical calculations and experimental results. C1 Univ Antwerp, RUCA, Dept Phys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Theoret Chem, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Antwerp, RUCA, Dept Phys, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. OI Mintmire, John/0000-0002-6551-0349 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 27 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 29 BP 6809 EP 6816 DI 10.1021/jp9928661 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 339QW UT WOS:000088490300018 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Stroud, RM Berry, AD Snow, AW Armistead, JP AF Foos, EE Stroud, RM Berry, AD Snow, AW Armistead, JP TI Synthesis of nanocrystalline bismuth in reverse micelles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SILICON NANOCLUSTERS; COLLOIDAL ASSEMBLIES; PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES; POLYMER; FIGURE; MERIT; SUPERLATTICES C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Foos, EE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 36 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 26 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 29 BP 7114 EP 7115 DI 10.1021/ja001118i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 340FP UT WOS:000088522700035 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Deng, G Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Deng, G Gaber, BP TI Effects of added organosilanes on the formation and adsorption properties of silicates surface-imprinted with an organophosphonate SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL TRANSITION; NUCLEOTIDE BASES; POLYMERS; RECOGNITION; RECEPTORS; ANTIBODIES; CATALYSIS; BINDING; SITES AB Silica particles surface-imprinted with the soman hydrolysis product pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP) demonstrated binding selectivity for the hydrolysis product over other phosphonate mono- and diesters. Particle surfaces were imprinted during particle formation by adding pinacolyl methylphosphonate to the microemulsion formed from polyoxyethylene(5) nonylphenyl ether (NP 5), cyclohexane, ammoniated ethanol, and water. A number of trialkoxysilanes with terminal functional groups such as primary amine, quaternary amine, dihydroimidazole, and ethylpyridine were mixed with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) during particle formation to enhance the binding and selectivity of the resulting surface-imprinted particles. The BET surface area of the silicates was dependent on the specific organosilane added during particle formation. The addition of primary amine- and dihydroimidazole-terminated organosilanes produced high-density, low-pore-volumes colloids while the addition of 2-ethylpyridine- and quatermnary amine-terminated organosilanes produced mesoporous silicates. When pinacolyl methylphosphonate was added during particle formation, a decrease in surface area was observed. Adsorption isotherms revealed that surface-imprinted silicates formed with added quaternary amine-terminated organosilanes had the highest adsorption capacity per gram of silicate. However, more imprinted sites per square meter were formed when the dihydroimidazole-terminated organosilane was used in particle synthesis. Silicates surface-imprinted with PMP were significantly more selective for PMP than for other structurally similar organophosphonates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bio Resource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 25 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 15 BP 6148 EP 6155 DI 10.1021/la000477o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 337NY UT WOS:000088369500013 ER PT J AU Jensen, KL Lau, YY McGregor, DS AF Jensen, KL Lau, YY McGregor, DS TI Analysis of a photon assisted field emission device SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMITTER ARRAYS; ELECTRON-EMISSION; CHARGE; TEMPERATURE AB A field emitter array held at the threshold of emission by a dc gate potential from which current pulses are triggered by the application of a laser pulse on the backside of the semiconductor may produce electron bunches ("density modulation") at gigahertz frequencies. We develop an analytical model of such optically controlled emission from a silicon tip using a modified Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin and Airy function approach to solving Schrodinger's equation. Band bending and an approximation to the exchange-correlation effects on the image charge potential are included for an array of hyperbolic emitters with a distribution in tip radii and work function. For a simple relationship between the incident photon flux and the resultant electron density at the emission site, an estimation of the tunneling current is made. An example of the operation and design of such a photon-assisted field emission device is given. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00730-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jensen, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Code 6841, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 4 BP 585 EP 587 DI 10.1063/1.127052 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 335CX UT WOS:000088225400042 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL AF Ngai, KL TI Short-time and long-time relaxation dynamics of glass-forming substances: a coupling model perspective SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unifying Concepts in Glass Physics CY SEP 15-18, 1999 CL ABDUS SALAM INT CTR THEORET PHYS, TRIESTE, ITALY SP Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci HO ABDUS SALAM INT CTR THEORET PHYS ID DEPOLARIZED LIGHT-SCATTERING; IONICALLY CONDUCTING GLASSES; MOLTEN ZINC-CHLORIDE; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SLOW RELAXATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; O-TERPHENYL AB The coupling model, based on fundamental properties of nonintegrable Hamiltonian systems (chaos), captures one important aspect of the many-body relaxation dynamics, namely the existence of a temperature insensitive crossover time, t(c), when in its neighbourhood the fast independent relaxation of an individual unit at earlier times is slowed down to become the cooperative and dynamically heterogeneous relaxation at longer times. For molecular systems, t(c) is of the order of a picosecond and thus the coupling model bridges relaxation dynamics at microscopic times to that at macroscopic times. One result, which relates the slowed-down cooperative relaxation time to the independent relaxation time of an individual unit, has spawned many applications. A nonlinearly coupled arrays of oscillators model, which has all the features of the coupling model, is further exploited to show that the strength of intermolecular interaction determines the nonexponentiality and fragility of the long-time dynamics of glass-formers. A related model is invoked to consider the relaxation of the (precursor) vibration attempting the structural relaxation. The fast relaxation that originates from such vibrational relaxation is shown to be a plausible cause of the susceptibility minimum seen in dielectric relaxation, light and neutron scattering experiments. The model predicts that the degree of nonexponentiality of the structural relaxation is correlated with the strength of the fast precursor vibrational relaxation, in agreement with experimental observation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 75 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 24 PY 2000 VL 12 IS 29 BP 6437 EP 6451 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/12/29/316 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 344FE UT WOS:000088747900017 ER PT J AU Yang, P Liou, KN Mishchenko, MI Gao, BC AF Yang, P Liou, KN Mishchenko, MI Gao, BC TI Efficient finite-difference time-domain scheme for light scattering by dielectric particles: application to aerosols SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; ICE CRYSTALS; ABSORPTION; MODELS AB We have examined the Maxwell-Garnett, inverted Maxwell-Garnett, and Bruggeman rules for evaluation of the mean permittivity involving partially empty cells at particle surface in conjunction with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computation Sensitivity studies show that the inverted Maxwell-Garnett rule is the most effective in reducing the staircasing effect. The discontinuity of permittivity at the interface of free space and the particle medium can be minimized by use of an effective permittivity at the cell edges determined by the average of the permittivity values associated with adjacent cells. The efficiency of the FDTD computational program is further improved by use of a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition and the appropriate coding technique. The accuracy of the FDTD method is assessed on the basis of a comparison of the FDTD and the Mie calculations for ice spheres. This program is then applied to light scattering by convex and concave aerosol particles. Comparisons of the scattering phase function for these types of aerosol with those for spheres and spheroids show substantial differences in backscattering directions. Finally, we illustrate that the FDTD method is robust and flexible in computing the scattering properties of particles with complex morphological configurations. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM pyang@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 21 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 21 BP 3727 EP 3737 DI 10.1364/AO.39.003727 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 337FC UT WOS:000088345900023 PM 18349948 ER PT J AU Kucera, TA Feldman, U Widing, KG Curdt, W AF Kucera, TA Feldman, U Widing, KG Curdt, W TI Wavelengths of forbidden transitions arising from levels within the Fe+19 2s(2)2p(3) ground configuration SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation; techniques : spectroscopic ID TOKAMAK DISCHARGES; LINES; IRON; SPECTRA; ELEMENTS; CHROMIUM; NICKEL; SUMER; CR; NI AB In this paper we report the identification of all remaining unidentified forbidden lines arising from transitions within levels of the Fe+19 ground configuration. These lines were identified using data from the SOHO/SUMER spectrograph and Skylab. Adjusted wavelength values are also given for some previously observed lines. Forbidden lines that are the result of transitions within levels of the ground configuration of a highly ionized astrophysically abundant element generally have longer wavelengths than resonance lines emitted by the same ion. Many of these forbidden lines are fairly prominent in low-density plasmas and traditionally have been used in determining properties of high-temperature astrophysical plasmas. The identified Fe+19 forbidden lines span the 300-2665 Angstrom wavelength range. Since spontaneous decay rates of forbidden transitions arising from the same upper level are known quite accurately, these Lines can be used for calibrating spectrometers over wide wavelength ranges. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Lindau, Germany. RI Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012; OI Kucera, Therese/0000-0001-9632-447X NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2000 VL 538 IS 1 BP 424 EP 427 DI 10.1086/309109 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 343MK UT WOS:000088706000042 ER PT J AU Guruswamy, S Srisukhumbowornchai, N Clark, AE Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M AF Guruswamy, S Srisukhumbowornchai, N Clark, AE Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M TI Strong, ductile, and low-field-magnetostrictive alloys based on Fe-Ga SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE iron-gallium alloys; magnetostriction effects; X-ray diffraction; ferromagnetic hysteresis; ductile C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Clark Associates, Hyattsville, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Guruswamy, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, 135 S 1460 E,RM412, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 9 TC 139 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL 20 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00397-3 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352BP UT WOS:000089194900007 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PE Mercer, TW AF Pehrsson, PE Mercer, TW TI Oxidation of the hydrogenated diamond (100) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy; diamond; electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); low energy electron diffraction (LEED); low index single crystal surfaces; oxidation; oxygen; surface chemical reaction ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; THERMAL-DESORPTION; ACTIVATED CARBON; INITIAL-STAGES; ATOMIC OXYGEN; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 111 SURFACES; ENERGY; WATER AB The surface composition and structure of natural diamond (100) surfaces subsequently oxidized with activated oxygen at T(sub)less than or equal to 35 degrees C were investigated with high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), Auger electron spectroscopy, electron loss spectroscopy (ELS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Complete surface oxidation (oxygen coverage theta = 1 ML) required doses of hundreds of kilolangmuirs of O-2. HREELS vibrational spectra permitted identification of the specific surface oxygen species, and also provided information about the diamond surface states. Most surface sites lost their hydrogen at least once before becoming oxidized. The oxygen coverage theta increased quickly at first, and then more slowly as saturation was approached; different mechanisms or sites may have accounted for the decreased rate. The relative distribution of oxygen species varied with the oxidation conditions. Ether, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups appeared during the initial stages of oxidation, but the hydroxyl groups disappeared at higher coverages. Bridge-bonded ether groups dominated at saturation coverage, although smaller amounts of carbonyl and hydroxyl were still observed. The carbonyl and C-H stretch frequencies increased with oxygen dose due to formation of higher oxidation states and/or hydrogen bonding between adjacent groups. ELS revealed only a low concentration of C=C dimers on the oxidized surfaces, and no evidence of graphitization. Surfaces generated by oxygen addition and then desorption were more reactive than surfaces generated by hydrogen desorption. Oxidized surfaces that were heated in vacuum and then rehydrogenated did not recover the sharp LEED patterns and HREELS spectra of the original plasma-smoothed surface. This effect was presumably due to surface roughening caused by oxygen desorption as CO and CO2, and creation of reactive high-energy sites that quickly bonded to available background gases and prevented large areas of organized surface reconstruction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pehrsson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 77 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 2000 VL 460 IS 1-3 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00494-5 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 343EX UT WOS:000088689700007 ER PT J AU Pehrsson, PE Mercer, TW AF Pehrsson, PE Mercer, TW TI Oxidation of heated diamond C(100): H surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy; diamond; electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); low energy electron diffraction (LEED); low index single crystal surfaces; oxidation; oxygen; surface chemical reaction ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; THERMAL-DESORPTION; ACTIVATED CARBON; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; INITIAL-STAGES; OXYGEN; ADSORPTION; CHEMISORPTION; KINETICS AB This paper extends a previous study (Pehrsson and Mercer, submitted to Surf. Sci.) on unheated, hydrogenated, natural diamond (100) surfaces oxidized with thermally activated oxygen (O-2(.)). In this paper, the oxidation is performed at substrate temperatures from T-sub = 24 to 670 degrees C. The diamond surface composition and structure were then investigated with high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), electron loss spectroscopy (ELS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The oxygen coverage (theta) increased in two stages, as it did during oxidation at T < 80 degrees C. However, there are fundamental differences between the oxidation of nominally unheated and heated diamond surfaces. This difference is attributed to simultaneous adsorption and rapid desorption of oxygen species at higher temperatures; the desorption step is much slower without heating. The initial oxidation rates were similar regardless of the substrate temperatures, but the peak coverage (theta) was lower at higher temperatures. For example, a plateaued at 0.4 +/- 0.1 ML at 600 degrees C. The lower saturation coverage is again attributed to oxygen desorption during oxidation. Consistent results were obtained on fully oxidized surfaces, which when heated in vacuum to T-sub = 600 degrees C, lost similar to 60% of their adsorbed oxygen. ELS revealed few C=C dimers on the oxidized surfaces, and more graphitization than on unheated surfaces. Oxidation at elevated temperatures also increased the carbonyl to ether ratio, reflecting etching-induced changes in the types of surface sites. The carbonyl and C-H stretch frequencies increased with oxygen dose due to fonnation of higher oxidation states and/or hydrogen bonding between adjacent groups. The oxygen types did not interconvert when the oxidized surfaces were heated in vacuum. Oxygen desorption generated a much more reactive surface than heating-induced dehydrogenation of the smooth, hydrogenated surface. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pehrsson, PE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Gas Surface Dynam Sect, Code 6174, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 63 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 2000 VL 460 IS 1-3 BP 74 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00495-7 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 343EX UT WOS:000088689700009 ER PT J AU Drob, DP Picone, JM Eckermann, SD She, CY Kafkalidis, JF Ortland, DA Niciejewski, RJ Killeen, TL AF Drob, DP Picone, JM Eckermann, SD She, CY Kafkalidis, JF Ortland, DA Niciejewski, RJ Killeen, TL TI Mid-latitude temperatures at 87 km: Results from multi-instrument Fourier analysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; MESOPAUSE REGION; MIDLATITUDE; MESOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; PROFILES; MODEL AB Using a novel Fourier fitting method we combine two years of mid-latitude temperature measurements at 87 km from the High Resolution Doppler Imager, the Colorado State University lidar, and the Peach Mountain Interferometer. After accounting for calibration bias, significant local-time variations on the order of 10 K were observed. Stationary planetary waves with amplitudes up to 10 It were observed during winter, with weaker wave amplitudes occurring during other seasons. Because of calibration biases among these instruments, we could estimate the annual mean temperature to no better than 193.5 +/- 8.5 K. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. RP Drob, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7640,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Killeen, Timothy/F-2215-2013; Drob, Douglas/G-4061-2014 OI Drob, Douglas/0000-0002-2045-7740 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 14 BP 2109 EP 2112 DI 10.1029/1999GL010821 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 337AQ UT WOS:000088335500024 ER PT J AU Cho, SL Kim, Y DiVenere, A Wong, GKL Ketterson, JB Meyer, JR AF Cho, SL Kim, Y DiVenere, A Wong, GKL Ketterson, JB Meyer, JR TI Anisotropic Seebeck and magneto-Seebeck coefficients of Bi and Bi0.92Sb0.08 alloy thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH NANOWIRE ARRAYS; THERMOELECTRIC-POWER; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SUPERLATTICES; GROWTH AB We have grown Bi and BiSb alloy thin films on (211)CdTe substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Growth proceeds with the Bi or BiSb (00.1) axis oriented along the CdTe[111] direction, which is tilted by 19 degrees with respect to the substrate normal. Measurements of the Seebeck coefficient reveal a strong dependence on angle within the plane, due to the anisotropic electronic structure. The coefficient measured along the [(1) over bar 11] axis, which includes a trigonal contribution from the Seebeck tensor, is considerably higher than the value along the [01(1) over bar] axis. The magneto-Seebeck coefficient was also studied, for magnetic fields of 0-0.7 T. We observe a strong dependence on both crystal-axis and magnetic field direction, the so-called "umkehr" effect. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)06714-1]. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. HKUST, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Ulsan, Dept Phys, Ulsan 680749, South Korea. RP Cho, SL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Ketterson, John/B-7234-2009 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 808 EP 812 DI 10.1063/1.373740 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329DA UT WOS:000087889800035 ER PT J AU Hill, IG Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH AF Hill, IG Makinen, AJ Kafafi, ZH TI Initial stages of metal/organic semiconductor interface formation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; UV PHOTOEMISSION AB We have used photoelectron spectroscopies to study the metal/organic semiconductor interfaces formed by depositing three different metal-quinolate derivatives on Ag, with the goal of better understanding the initial stages of interface formation. We find very consistent results at all three interfaces, which exhibit strong energy level shifts within the first molecular layer, followed by a nearly "flat-band" condition. These results were analyzed in the context of the interface dipole and "band-bending" models. We conclude that the interface dipole model, extended to account for the differences in polarization screening in the first molecular layer, most accurately describes our findings. In this article we present the most thorough description of the early stages of metal/molecular organic semiconductor interfaces to date. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)02814-0]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hill, IG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5615, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 889 EP 895 DI 10.1063/1.373752 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329DA UT WOS:000087889800047 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Rochford, PA Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, AB Rochford, PA Hurlburt, HE TI Mixed layer depth variability and barrier layer formation over the North Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN PACIFIC; HEAT-BUDGET; MODEL SIMULATION; SEASONAL CYCLE; INDIAN-OCEAN; TOGA-COARE; WARM POOL; SATELLITE AB Seasonal variability in the isothermal and isopycnal surface mixed layers of the North Pacific Ocean is examined using the Naval Research Laboratory Ocean Mixed Layer Depth (NMLD) Climatology. A comparison with observations from 11 ocean weather stations in the northeast Pacific Ocean is performed that validates the NMLD climatology in this region. The general features of the isothermal layer depth (ILD) and mixed layer depth (MLD) obtained from these mixed layers are explained with wind stress, surface net heat flux, and freshwater flux climatologies, given guidance from a mixed layer model. Departures from a surface-forced interpretation of turbulent mixing are found near the Kuroshio, where horizontal heat transport is important. The much deeper ILD in the northeast Pacific in winter and spring relative to the MLD reveals a 50 m "barrier layer" between the bottom of the MLD and the top of the thermocline. A detailed analysis shows this barrier layer extends over most of the North Pacific subpolar gyre. It forms when the seasonal thermocline is deepened in winter by surface cooling, such that salinity stratification due to evaporation minus precipitation less than zero (E - P < 0) becomes important in the formation of the MLD. A shallower halocline forms over the subpolar gyre than in other regions of the North Pacific because of precipitation dominating over evaporation in the annual mean. A mechanism for maintaining the shallow halocline is provided by upward vertical motion driven by positive wind stress curl in the presence of diapycnal mixing. Numerical models show this as part of a shallow meridional overturning cell. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, Adv Syst Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, Adv Syst Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 51 TC 63 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C7 BP 16783 EP 16801 DI 10.1029/2000JC900071 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 335TJ UT WOS:000088260600001 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Rochford, PA Hurlburt, HE AF Kara, AB Rochford, PA Hurlburt, HE TI An optimal definition for ocean mixed layer depth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTH-PACIFIC; SURFACE-LAYER; BARRIER-LAYER; SKILL SCORES; HEAT-BUDGET; ATLANTIC; VERIFICATION; TEMPERATURE AB A new method is introduced for determining ocean isothermal layer depth (ILD) from temperature profiles and ocean mixed layer depth (MLD) from density profiles that can be applied in all regions of the world's oceans. This method can accommodate not only in situ data but also climatological data sets that typically have much lower vertical resolution. The sensitivity of the ILD and MLD to the temperature difference criteria used in the surface layer depth definition is discussed by using temperature and density data, respectively: (1) from 11 ocean weather stations in the northeast Pacific and (2) from the World Ocean Atlas 1994. Using these two data sets, a detailed statistical error analysis is presented for the ILD and MLD estimation by season. MLD variations with location due to temperature and salinity are properly accounted for in the defining density (aat) criterion. Overall, the optimal estimate of turbulent mixing penetration is obtained using a MLD definition of Delta T=0.8 degrees C, although in the northeast Pacific region the optimal MLD criterion is found to vary seasonally. The method is shown to produce layer depths that are accurate to within 20 m or better in 85% or more of the cases. The MLD definition presented in this investigation accurately represents the depth to which turbulent mixing has penetrated and would be a useful aid for validation of one-dimensional bulk mixed layer models and ocean general circulation models with an embedded mixed layer. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, Adv Syst Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Sverdrup Technol Inc, Adv Syst Grp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil; rochford@nrlssc.navy.mil; hurlburt@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 45 TC 285 Z9 302 U1 6 U2 65 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C7 BP 16803 EP 16821 DI 10.1029/2000JC900072 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 335TJ UT WOS:000088260600002 ER PT J AU Faria, AFG Thornton, EB Lippmann, TC Stanton, TP AF Faria, AFG Thornton, EB Lippmann, TC Stanton, TP TI Undertow over a barred beach SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SHORE CURRENTS; SURF-ZONE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOW; TRANSFORMATION; TURBULENCE; STRESS; MODEL AB The spatial distribution of the mean cross-shore flow (undertow) over a barred beach is examined with field data obtained on three energetic wave days during the Duck94 experiment. The vertical structure of the undertow is modeled using a turbulent eddy viscosity closure and includes the important effects of wave breaking (described using the roller concept) and convective acceleration of the current. Other than a more realistic description of observed turbulence variations, a depth-dependent eddy viscosity (compared with a constant) does not improve the agreement between predicted and observed undertow profiles. The effect of using different boundary conditions is investigated by extending the formulations of Stive and Wind [1986] and Svendsen et al. [1987] to include random waves by ensemble averaging over the wave height distribution. The contribution of breaking wave rollers to the surface mass flux can be of the same order or greater than the contribution associated with the organized wave motion. The largest discrepancies between model predictions and observations occur over the sandbar, where the mass transport of the breaking waves appears to be underestimated. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Marinha Directoria Hidrog & Navegacao, BR-24048 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM thornton@oc.nps.navy.mil NR 34 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C7 BP 16999 EP 17010 DI 10.1029/2000JC900084 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 335TJ UT WOS:000088260600014 ER PT J AU Puleo, JA Beach, RA Holman, RA Allen, JS AF Puleo, JA Beach, RA Holman, RA Allen, JS TI Swash zone sediment suspension and transport and the importance of bore-generated turbulence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SURF ZONE; RUN-UP; BEACH; WAVE; OSCILLATIONS AB A study of swash zone sediment transport was conducted at Gleneden Beach, Oregon during February 25-28, 1994. The data collected included suspended sediment concentration (SSC), sea surface elevation, and velocity (initially 4 and 8 cm above the bed) at three cross-shore locations within the swash zone spanning high tides. Ensemble averages of 6, 9, and 12 s duration swash events showed that the uprush suspension was high, concentrated in the leading edge, and nearly vertically uniform above the lower 1-2 cm of the water column. Shortly after the sensors were inundated by run-up, the sediment rapidly settled out of the water. During flow reversal the SSC was small but increased again in the backwash. Backwash vertical profiles were markedly different from uprush profiles with much of the suspension being confined to very near the bed where strong vertical gradients in SSC existed. These marked differences show that the backwash is not simply the reverse of the uprush, implying significant differences in the underlying fluid dynamics and sediment transport mechanisms. Backwash sediment suspension increased with how duration. However, ensemble-averaged SSC profiles of varying duration showed that the backwash concentrations were not consistent at the same temporal phases, which suggests that water depth, in addition to flow duration, may be a controlling factor. Strong cross-shore gradients in SSC suggest that bore-derived turbulence may affect local sediment transport. Specifically, our data show this bore-generated turbulence (turbulent kinetic energy) directly influences local sediment suspension, hence! standard bed shear (Bagnold-type) sediment transport models may no longer be valid in the vicinity of the bore. In the vicinity of the bore a higher correlation between bore-generated turbulence and suspended sediment transport was found than between a Bagnold-type formulation and suspended sediment transport. C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Puleo, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 2438, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 35 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C7 BP 17021 EP 17044 DI 10.1029/2000JC900024 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 335TJ UT WOS:000088260600016 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Southwood, S Chesnut, R Appella, E Gomez, E Richards, A Higashimoto, YI Maewal, A Sidney, J Gramzinski, RA Mason, C Koech, D Hoffman, SL Sette, A AF Doolan, DL Southwood, S Chesnut, R Appella, E Gomez, E Richards, A Higashimoto, YI Maewal, A Sidney, J Gramzinski, RA Mason, C Koech, D Hoffman, SL Sette, A TI HLA-DR-promiscuous T cell epitopes from Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic-stage antigens restricted by multiple HLA class II alleles SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; PEPTIDE BINDING; B-CELL; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA VACCINE; CD4(+); PROTECTION; MOLECULES AB Previously, we identified and established the antigenicity of 17 CD8(+) T cell epitopes from five P. falciparum Ags that are restricted by multiple common HLA class I alleles, Here, we report the identification of 11 peptides from the same Ags, cicumsporozoite protein, sporozoite surface protein 2, exported protein-1, and liver-stage Ag-l, that bind between at least five and up to 11 different HLA-DR molecules representative of the most common HLA-DR Ags worldwide. These peptides recall lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses in immune individuals experimentally immunized with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (irradiated sporozoites) or semi-immune individuals naturally exposed to malaria in Irian Jaya or Kenya, We establish that all peptides are recognized by individuals of each of the three populations, and that the frequency and magnitude of helper T lymphocyte responses to each peptide is influenced by the intensity of exposure to P, falciparum sporozoites. Mean frequencies of lymphoproliferative responses are 53.2% (irradiated sporozoites) vs 22.4% (Kenyan) vs 5.8% (Javanese), and mean frequencies of IFN-gamma responses are 66.3% (irradiated sporozoites) vs 27.3% (Kenyan) vs 8.7% (Javanese). The identification of HLA class II degenerate T cell epitopes from P, falciparum validates our predictive strategy in a biologically relevant system and supports the potential for developing a broadly efficacious epitope-based vaccine against malaria focused on a limited number of peptide specificities. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Epimmune, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3W41 3W16, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45241, N01-AI-95362] NR 60 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 165 IS 2 BP 1123 EP 1137 PG 15 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 332QU UT WOS:000088085600063 PM 10878392 ER PT J AU Teo, KL Kwok, SH Yu, PY Guha, S AF Teo, KL Kwok, SH Yu, PY Guha, S TI Quantum confinement of quasi-two-dimensional E-1 excitons in Ge nanocrystals studied by resonant Raman scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTIONS; SI NANOCRYSTALS; VISIBLE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; OPTICAL GAPS; DOTS; LUMINESCENCE; SILICON AB Ge nanocrystals of diameters ranging from 4 to 10 nm were synthesized by ion implantation of Ge+ ions into SiO2 films followed by annealing. Confinement of its optical phonon and of the quasi-two-dimensional E-1 exciton have been observed at room temperature by resonant Raman scattering. The observed size-dependent blueshifts of the E-1 excitons energy (which can be larger than 0.7 eV) are found to be in good agreement with a theoretical calculation based on the effective mass approximation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Teo, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PYYU@lbl.gov RI Teo, Kie Leong/B-1921-2008; OI Teo, Kie Leong/0000-0001-5073-4510 NR 30 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP 1584 EP 1587 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.1584 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 337AR UT WOS:000088335600029 ER PT J AU Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Seals, L Gole, JL AF Prokes, SM Carlos, WE Seals, L Gole, JL TI Defect study of light-emitting HCl-treated porous silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE LUMINESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EMISSION; SURFACE; EXCITATION; RESONANCE; ORIGIN AB Electrochemically etched porous silicon (PSi) samples have been exposed to a 3 M HCl solution for set time intervals, resulting in a stable and enhanced luminescence from this material. These samples were examined using photoluminescence (PL), electron spin resonance (ESR), and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman chemical disorder component is found to increase significantly with increased HCl exposure, tracking also with the increased PL intensity. In contrast, a significant drop in the nanocrystalline Raman component is monitored, suggesting that the number of silicon nanocrystallites decreases with increasing exposure to HC1. ESR spectra of these treated PSi samples indicate the presence of an NL8 type of oxygen shallow donor, which tracks extremely well with the increasing PL emission and the amount of chemical disorder induced with increasing HCl exposure. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Prokes, SM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP 1878 EP 1882 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.1878 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 337AR UT WOS:000088335600076 ER PT J AU Tadaki, DK Craighead, N Saini, A Celniker, A Burkly, LC Lee, KP Chute, JP Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Tadaki, DK Craighead, N Saini, A Celniker, A Burkly, LC Lee, KP Chute, JP Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI Costimulatory molecules are active in the human xenoreactive T-cell response but not in natural killer-mediated cytotoxicity SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article ID PORCINE ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; RENAL-ALLOGRAFT REJECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ACTIVATION; PRIMATES; LIGAND; CD40; CD80; XENOTRANSPLANTATION; TRANSPLANTATION AB Background. T-cell costimulatory blocking agents inhibit allospecific T-cell responses in vitro and prevent allograft rejection in vivo. Costimulatory requirements for discordant xenospecific cellular responses remain undefined. We have evaluated costimulatory molecule expression by porcine endothelial cells (PEC) after interaction with human cells and tested agents known to inhibit allospecific responses for their ability to inhibit xenospecific responses in vitro. Methods. Human-specific agents were screened for their ability to bind porcine costimulatory molecules by FACS. Up-regulation of B7 molecules on PEC was evaluated by FACS after exposure to human cells or supernatants. The effect of human and/or porcine costimulatory blockade was tested in xeno-mixed lymphocyte reactions (XMLRs) and in natural killer (NR) cell cytotoxicity assays. Results. B7 expression was induced on PEC after exposure to human T and NK cells or T cell-conditioned medium. The human XMLR was attenuated by human CTLA4-Ig and anti-human CD154 (hu5C8), and the combination was synergistic. Anti-human CD80 and CD86 antibodies alone had minor effects in the XMLR, but in combination with hu5C8 were as effective as human CTLA4-Ig plus hu5C8. Anti-hCD80 and hCD86 antibodies that did not cross-react with porcine CD80 or CD86 were as effective in blocking the MLR as those that did cross-react, indicating that the predominant costimulation in vitro was derived fi om the responding cells. None of the agents affected the xeno-NK response. Conclusions. We conclude that the costimulation-modulating agents block human anti-porcine T-cell responses in vitro predominantly through interruption of costimulation derived from responding cells. They have no effect on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Immune Cell Biol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Genet Inst, Andover, MA 01810 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Tadaki, DK (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Immune Cell Biol Program, 8901 Wisconsin Ave,Bldg 17,Room 237, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 70 IS 1 BP 162 EP 167 PG 6 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 339UK UT WOS:000088496100031 PM 10919595 ER PT J AU Kochel, TJ Raviprakash, K Hayes, CG Watts, DM Russell, KL Gozalo, AS Phillips, IA Ewing, DF Murphy, GS Porter, KR AF Kochel, TJ Raviprakash, K Hayes, CG Watts, DM Russell, KL Gozalo, AS Phillips, IA Ewing, DF Murphy, GS Porter, KR TI A dengue virus serotype-1 DNA vaccine induces virus neutralizing antibodies and provides protection from viral challenge in Aotus monkeys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; dengue virus; Aotus nancymae ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; DENDRITIC CELLS; ENVELOPE GENES; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNITY; MICE; FLAVIVIRUS; PREMEMBRANE; ACTIVATION AB A DNA vaccine that expresses the premembrane/membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes of dengue virus serotype-1 was tested for immunogenicity and protection against dengue-1 virus challenge in Aotus nancymae monkeys. The vaccine, in 1 mg doses, was administered intradermally (ID) to three monkeys and intramuscularly (IM) to three others, For controls, a 1 mg dose of vector DNA was administered ID to two monkeys and IM to one. All animals were primed and then boosted at one and five months post priming. Sera were collected monthly and analyzed for dengue-1 antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Dengue-1 antibodies were detectable in the sera from ID and IM vaccine inoculated animals one month after the first boast and peaked one month after the second boost. The antibody levels from sera of animals that received the vaccine via the ID route were twice those from sera of animals that received the vaccine via the IM route. Six months after the second boost all inoculated and two naive monkeys were challenged with 1.25 x 10(4) plaque forming units (PFU) of dengue-1 virus. Two vaccine immunized animals were protected from viremia while the others showed a reduction in viremia. The mean days of viremia were 1 and 1.3 for the animals that were immunized with the vaccine via the ID or IM route, respectively vs 4 and 2 mean days of viremia in the animals inoculated with control DNA. Naive animals were viremic for an average of 4 days. All of the three control monkeys that received control DNA inoculum by either the ID or IM route had an intermittent viremia pattern with one or more negative days interspersed between the positive days. This pattern was not observed in any of the vaccine recipients or the naive control monkeys. These results demonstrate that DNA immunization is a promising approach for the development of dengue vaccines and that A. nancymae monkeys are suitable for dengue vaccine trials. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Virol Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Unit 8132, APO, AP 96520 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit Amer Embassy 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kochel, TJ (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit Amer Embassy 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. RI Porter, Kevin/A-8027-2011 NR 38 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 18 IS 27 BP 3166 EP 3173 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00105-5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 336UP UT WOS:000088321600011 PM 10856796 ER PT J AU Ranganathan, D Haridas, V Nagaraj, R Karle, IL AF Ranganathan, D Haridas, V Nagaraj, R Karle, IL TI Double-helical cyclic peptides: Design, synthesis, and crystal structure of figure-eight mirror-image conformers of adamantane-constrained cystine-containing cyclic peptide cyclo (Adm-Cyst)s SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTORS; MACROCYCLES; SUPERFAMILY; COMPLEXES; PORPHYRIN; PROTEINS; FAMILY; KNOTS AB A large number of macrocycles containing alternating repeats of cystine diOMe(-NH-CH-(CO2Me)-CH2-S-)(2) and either a conformationally rigid aromatic/alicyclic moiety or a flexible polymethylene unit (X) in the cyclic backbone with ring size varying from 13- to 78-membered have been examined by spectral (H-1 NMR, FT-IR, CD) and X-ray crystallography studies for unusual conformational preferences. While H-1 NMR measurements indicated a turnlike conformation for all macrocycles, stabilized by intramolecular NH ... CO hydrogen bonding, as also supported by FT-IR spectra in chloroform, convincing proof for beta-turn structures was provided by circular dichroism studies. Single-crystal X-ray studies on 39-membered cycle (Adm-L-Cyst)3 revealed a double-helical fold (figure-eight motif) for the macrocycle. Only a right-handed double helix was seen in the macrocycle constructed from L-cystine. The mirror-image macrocycle made up of D-cystine units exhibited a double helix with exactly the opposite screw sense, as expected. The enantiomeric figure-eights were stabilized by two intramolecular NH ... CO hydrogen bonds and exhibited identical H-1 NMR and FT-IR spectra. The CD spectra of both isomers had a mirror-image relationship. The present results have clearly brought out the importance of cystine residues in inducing turn conformation that may be an important deciding factor for the adoption of topologically important structures by macrocycles containing multiple S-S linkages. C1 Indian Inst Chem Technol, Discovery Lab, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ctr Cellular & Mol Biol, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ranganathan, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Code 6030, Washington, DC USA. RI V, haridas/K-2992-2012 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 14 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 14 BP 4415 EP 4422 DI 10.1021/jo0003807 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 335TY UT WOS:000088261900026 PM 10891146 ER PT J AU Chang, CP Li, T AF Chang, CP Li, T TI A theory for the tropical tropospheric biennial oscillation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EAST-WEST CIRCULATIONS; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIATIONS; ANNUAL CYCLE; PACIFIC; MODEL AB The key questions of how the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) maintains the same phase from northern summer in South Asia to southern summer in Australia, and how the reversed phase can last through three locally inactive seasons to the next monsoon, are studied by a simple tropical atmosphere-ocean-land model. The model has five boxes representing the South Asian and Australian monsoon regions and the equatorial Indian and western and eastern Pacific Oceans. The five regions interact with each other through the SST-monsoon, evaporation-wind, monsoon-Walker circulation, and wind stress-ocean thermocline feedbacks. A biennial oscillation emerges in a reasonable parameter regime, with model SST and wind variations resembling many aspects of the observed TBO, Warm SST anomalies (SSTA) in July in the equatorial Indian Ocean cause an increase of surface moisture convergence into South Asia, leading to a stronger monsoon. The monsoon heating on one hand induces a westerly wind anomaly in the Indian Ocean, and on the other hand intensifies a planetary-scale east-west circulation leading to anomalous easterlies over the western and central Pacifc. The westerly anomaly over the Indian Ocean decreases the local SST, primarily by evaporation-wind feedback. The easterly anomaly in the central Pacific causes a deepening of the ocean thermocline in the western Pacific therefore increasing the subsurface and surface temperatures. In addition, a modest easterly anomaly in the western pacific opposes the seasonal mean westerlies so evaporation is reduced. These effects overwhelm those of the cold zonal advection and anomalous upwelling. The net result is warm SSTA persisting in the western Pacific through northern fall, leading to a stronger Australian monsoon. Meanwhile, the warming in the western Pacific also induces a stronger local Walker cell and thus a surface westerly anomaly over the Indian Ocean. This westerly anomaly helps the cold SSTA to persist through the succeeding seasons, leading to a weaker Asian monsoon in the following summer. During northern winter the westerly anomaly associated with the stronger Australian monsoon, through anomalous ocean downwelling and reduction of evaporation (when the seasonal mean wind is easterly), reinvigorates the warm SSTA in the western Pacific, which has been weakened by the slow cold advection from the eastern Pacific. This further intensifies the eastern Walker cell and helps to keep the eastern Pacific cold. The authors' theory indicates that the TBO is an inherent result of the interactions between northern summer and winter monsoon and the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. Thus, it is an important component of the tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction system, separate from the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. While the eastern Pacific plays only a passive role in this mechanism, the western Pacific-Maritime Continent region is crucially important. It serves as a bridge in space and time, both in connecting the convection anomaly from the northern summer to the northern winter monsoon and in channeling the feedback of the northern winter monsoon to the Indian Ocean. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. RP Chang, CP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. NR 41 TC 102 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL 14 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 14 BP 2209 EP 2224 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2209:ATFTTT>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338LX UT WOS:000088422300001 ER PT J AU Glendening, JW AF Glendening, JW TI Budgets of lineal and nonlineal turbulent kinetic energy under strong shear conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; COLD-AIR OUTBREAK; INTERNAL GRAVITY-WAVES; LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; ROLL VORTICES; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; FLOWS; MODEL AB Quasi-lineal "roll" coherent structures appear in a large eddy simulation of strong wind shear and moderate surface buoyancy flux. Unlike idealized two-dimensional roll vortices, these rolls are finite in length and vary in axial angle. Over a subdomain corresponding to an individual roll's length and orientation, the flux due to the strictly two-dimensional "lineal" eddy component dominates the total vertical turbulent transport in the mid- and upper boundary layer. Separate analyses of turbulent kinetic energy budgets for the Lineal (two dimensional) and nonlineal (three dimensional) eddies reveal differences in energy transfer between the large-scale eddies and the smaller-scale eddies that extract energy from them. For the transverse component, direct shear generation is small relative to pressure transfer from other components: for large (small) eddies the associated pressure transfer loss occurs primarily from the vertical (longitudinal) component and thus indirectly from buoyancy (shear) production of that component. The so-called return to isotropy pressure terms transfer energy from components with larger production terms to components with weaker production rather than from components of larger energy to components of weaker energy. Upscale transfer of vertical energy occurs in the upper boundary layer, suggesting the merger of small-scale thermal elements into the larger-scale roll. Roll energy results not from transverse shear, brit instead from buoyancy being converted into horizontal energy through pressure forcing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Glendening, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL 14 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 14 BP 2297 EP 2318 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2297:BOLANT>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338LX UT WOS:000088422300006 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, M McGovern, V Goodwin, P Hoffman, S Oduola, A AF Gottlieb, M McGovern, V Goodwin, P Hoffman, S Oduola, A TI Please don't downgrade the sequencers' role ... SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, England. USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, World Bank, UNDP, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Gottlieb, M (reprint author), NIAID, 6700-B Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 13 PY 2000 VL 406 IS 6792 BP 121 EP 122 DI 10.1038/35018270 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 335BA UT WOS:000088221100014 PM 10910329 ER PT J AU Ryan, JV Berry, AD Anderson, ML Long, JW Stroud, RM Cepak, VM Browning, VM Rolison, DR Merzbacher, CI AF Ryan, JV Berry, AD Anderson, ML Long, JW Stroud, RM Cepak, VM Browning, VM Rolison, DR Merzbacher, CI TI Electronic connection to the interior of a mesoporous insulator with nanowires of crystalline RuO2 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; AEROGELS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; OXIDES; FILMS AB Highly porous materials such as mesoporous oxides are of technological interest(1) for catalytic, sensing and remediation applications: the mesopores (of size 2-50 nm) permit ingress by molecules and guests that are physically excluded from microporous materials. Connecting the interior of porous materials with a nanoscale or 'molecular' wire would allow the direct electronic control (and monitoring) of chemical reactions and the creation of nanostructures for high-density electronic materials(2). The challenge is to create an electronic pathway (that is a wire) within a mesoporous platform without greatly occluding its free volume and reactive surface area(3). Here we report the synthesis of an electronically conductive mesoporous composite-by the cryogenic decomposition of RuO4-on the nanoscale network of a partially densified silica aerogel. The composite consists of a three-dimensional web of interconnected (similar to 4-nm in diameter) crystallites of RuO2, supported conformally on the nanoscopic silica network. The resulting monolithic (RuO(2)parallel to SiO2) composite retains the free volume of the aerogel and exhibits pure electronic conductivity. In addition to acting as a wired mesoporous platform, the RuO2-wired silica aerogel behaves as a porous catalytic electrode for the oxidation of chloride to molecular chlorine. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 25 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 9 U2 67 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 13 PY 2000 VL 406 IS 6792 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 335BA UT WOS:000088221100042 ER PT J AU Lvov, YM Price, RR Selinger, JV Singh, A Spector, MS Schnur, JM AF Lvov, YM Price, RR Selinger, JV Singh, A Spector, MS Schnur, JM TI Imaging nanoscale patterns on biologically derived microstructures SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID HELICAL RIBBONS; TUBULES; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACES AB We have demonstrated a new approach for imaging nanoscale patterns on three-dimensional submicrometer structures using charged particles. Nanoparticle structures were assembled onto lipid tubules through the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged polymers and silica spheres. For tubules of the zwitterionic lipid DCB8,11PC, this process leads to the formation of caps on the ends of the tubules, with 50-100 silica spheres in each cap. For tubules of DC8,11PC mixed with 2% of the charged lipid DC8,9PEOH, the sequential adsorption leads to both end caps and helices of nanoparticles winding around the interior of the tubules. These results give new insight into the pattern of charge in lipid tubules. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lvov, YM (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RI Lvov, Yuri/E-7633-2012; Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 19 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 11 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 14 BP 5932 EP 5935 DI 10.1021/la000069k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 332BD UT WOS:000088052400016 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Chiang, J Mitman, KE AF Dermer, CD Chiang, J Mitman, KE TI Beaming, baryon loading, and the synchrotron self-compton component in gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID NEUTRON-STAR MERGERS; BLAST-WAVE MODELS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; VERY-HIGH-ENERGY; LIGHT CURVES; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FIREBALL MODEL; SHOCK MODEL; BLACK-HOLES AB We present detailed calculations of nonthermal synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) spectra radiated by blast waves that are energized by interactions with a uniform surrounding medium. Radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray light curves and spectral indices are calculated for a standard parameter set that yields hard GRB spectra during the prompt emission phase. No lateral spreading of the blase wave is assumed. Absence of SSC hardenings in observed GRB X-ray afterglows indicates magnetic field generation toward equipartition as the blast wave evolves. EGRET detections of 100 MeV-GeV photons observed promptly and 90 minutes after GRB 940217 are attributed to nonthermal synchrotron radiation and SSC emission from a decelerating blast wave, respectively. The SSC process will produce prompt TeV emission that could be observed from GRBs with redshifts z less than or similar to 0.1, provided gamma-gamma opacity in the source is small. Measurements of the time dependence of the 100 MeV-GeV spectral indices with the planned Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope mission will chart the evolution of the SSC component and test the external shock scenario. Transient optical and X-ray emissions from misaligned GRBs are generally much weaker than on-axis emissions produced by dirty and clean fireballs that would themselves not trigger a GRB detector; thus, detection of long-wavelength transients not associated with GRBs will not unambiguously demonstrate GRB beaming. C1 USN, Res Lab, Space Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Thomas Jefferson High Sch Sci & Technol, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Space Res Ctr, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 65 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2000 VL 537 IS 2 BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1086/309061 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 338YP UT WOS:000088451100020 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Viehland, D AF Chen, YH Viehland, D TI Relaxational polarization dynamics in soft ferroelectrics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; DOMAIN-WALL; CERAMICS; DEPENDENCE; STRESS AB Investigations of the frequency dependence of the P-E (polarization versus field) and epsilon-E (strain versus field) behavior have been performed on soft 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) polycrystalline ferroelectrics at various maximum field strengths below and above that of the coercive field (E-c). For E < E-c, a strong relaxational polarization was observed. At low frequencies, in this field range, P-E curves indicative of polarization switching were observed with an apparent remanence, however at higher frequencies near-linear P-E behavior was found. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04227-3]. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. EM ViehlanD@npt.nuwc.navy.mil NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 133 EP 135 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)04227-3] DI 10.1063/1.126900 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329CZ UT WOS:000087889700045 ER PT J AU Kagan, LM Kelley, MC Garcia, F Bernhardt, PA Djuth, FT Sulzer, MP Tepley, CA AF Kagan, LM Kelley, MC Garcia, F Bernhardt, PA Djuth, FT Sulzer, MP Tepley, CA TI The structure of electromagnetic wave-induced 557.7-nm emission associated with a sporadic-E event over arecibo SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERE HEATING EXPERIMENTS; AIRGLOW AB We report observations of electromagnetic wave-induced 557.7-nm emission in correspondence with a sporadic low altitude plasma layer (the sporadic-E layer, E-s). We show that the structure of 557.7-nm emission seen for some events results from a transformation of transmitted energy by ionization clouds, compiling the patchy type E-s, and presents a projection of the sporadic-E layer structure on the emission altitude. This allows us to propose the first method for visualizing a horizontal structure of sporadic-E layers. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Kagan, LM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 8 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 1 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.218 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 330JR UT WOS:000087959400055 ER PT J AU Kral, MV Fonda, RW AF Kral, MV Fonda, RW TI The primary growth direction of Widmanstatten cementite laths SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE electron diffraction; transmission electron microscopy; crystallography; phase transformations; cementite C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kral, MV (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RI Kral, Milo/C-2904-2009 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL 3 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 2 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00378-X PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 352BN UT WOS:000089194800016 ER PT J AU Snider, KF AF Snider, KF TI Expertise or experimenting? Pragmatism and American public administration, 1920-1950 SO ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This article examines pragmatism's role in aspects of American public administration's development during the period of the orthodoxy and the reactions to the orthodoxy (roughly 1920 to 1950). It concludes that the administrative mainstream of expertise never embraced and indeed implicitly rejected, the pragmatism of Peirce, James, and Dewey, which is characterized by an attitude of experimentation. A more complete understanding of this aspect of our intellectual heritage is important as we consider contemporary calls for a turn toward pragmatism as a way to address the legitimacy issue, the theory-practice gap, and other problematic conditions in the field. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Snider, KF (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Syst Management, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-3997 J9 ADMIN SOC JI Adm. Soc. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 329 EP 354 DI 10.1177/00953990022019461 PG 26 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 330WT UT WOS:000087984700006 ER PT J AU Smiley, CM Hanlon, SU Michel, DM AF Smiley, CM Hanlon, SU Michel, DM TI Calciphylaxis in moderate renal insufficiency: Changing disease concepts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE calciphylaxis; renal insufficiency; calcium; phosphorus; parathyroid hormone ID CALCIFIC UREMIC ARTERIOLOPATHY; SMALL-ARTERY DISEASE; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; MEDIAL CALCIFICATION; INTIMAL HYPERPLASIA; FAILURE; HEMODIALYSIS; COMPLICATION; NECROSIS; PATIENT AB Calciphylaxis is a rare but frequently fatal complication in patients with end-stage renal disease. Original concepts regarding groups at risk for the disease, predisposing factors, and associated morbidity have changed significantly in the past few years as more cases are reported. We present a patient who developed fatal calciphylaxis in the setting of moderate renal insufficiency to illustrate some of the evolving concepts in this disease process. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG. Basel. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Smiley, CM (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Med Editing Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-8095 J9 AM J NEPHROL JI Am. J. Nephrol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1159/000013608 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 353MQ UT WOS:000089279400012 PM 10970987 ER PT J AU Velling, TE Hall, LD Brennan, FJ AF Velling, TE Hall, LD Brennan, FJ TI Colonic stent placement facilitated by percutaneous cecostomy and antegrade enema SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE COLORECTAL OBSTRUCTION; EXPANDING METALLIC STENTS; PALLIATIVE TREATMENT; MULTICENTER C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Velling, TE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 175 IS 1 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 325DH UT WOS:000087660700023 PM 10882259 ER PT J AU Brown, DC AF Brown, DC TI Anesthetic considerations of a patient with a tongue piercing, and a safe solution SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Brown, DC (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Anesthesiol, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD JUL PY 2000 VL 93 IS 1 BP 307 EP 308 DI 10.1097/00000542-200007000-00064 PG 2 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 329EV UT WOS:000087894500060 PM 10861188 ER PT J AU Baker, J McCune, JS Harvey, RD Bonsignore, C Lindley, CM AF Baker, J McCune, JS Harvey, RD Bonsignore, C Lindley, CM TI Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use in cancer patients SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; drug utilization evaluation ID CELL LUNG-CANCER; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; NEUTROPENIC FEVER; FACTOR KRN8601; BREAST-CANCER; G-CSF; FILGRASTIM; SCHEDULE; TRIAL; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To conduct a retrospective drug utilization evaluation comparing the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at a university medical center with the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) CSFs Practice Guidelines. METHODS: patients who received G-CSF from June 1, 1996, to December 31, 1996, were identified through the pharmacy computer system and the medical records were reviewed for a randomly selected sample of 26% of the 289 patients identified. Outpatient, inpatient, and electronic medical records were reviewed for the indication, dosage, day of initiation, day of discontinuation, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) monitoring plan for each course of G-CSF; these records wee subsequently compared with the ASCO guidelines. RESULTS: The use of G-CSF after chemotherapy was evaluate in 51 patients who received a total of 182 courses of G-CSF. The goal of chemotherapy was curative in 61% of courses. Sixty-five percent of G-CSF courses were prescribed for primary prophylaxis. Of these, 74% followed chemotherapy in patients wit an expected incidence of febrile neutropenia greater than or equal to 40% or followed chemotherapy in patients wit compromised marrow reserve secondary to extensive prior therapy or in patients older than 60 years. Most of the G-CSF courses (75%) were rounded to the nearest vial size. The areas of greatest departure from the ASCO guidelines included aspects of initiation and discontinuation of G-CSF courses and inadequate documentation of ANC recovery. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a number of specific opportunities for oncology pharmacists to improve the use of G-CSF in patients receiving chemotherapy. Recommendations were made to the pharmacy and therapeutics committee and medical oncologists to improve compliance wit the ASCO guidelines. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USN, Naval Med Ctr, Med Serv Corp, Portsmouth, VA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ N Carolina Hosp, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Lindley, CM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, CB 7360,Beard Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI McCune, Jeannine/0000-0002-0795-497X NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 34 IS 7-8 BP 851 EP 857 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 332ZZ UT WOS:000088105400005 PM 10928394 ER PT J AU Manos, GH AF Manos, GH TI Possible serotonin syndrome associated with buspirone added to fluoxetine SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE buspirone; fluoxetine; serotonin syndrome ID REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; NITRIC-OXIDE; DRUG; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHARMACOLOGY; AUGMENTATION; COMBINATION; THERAPY AB OBJECTIVE: To report the development of a possible serotonin syndrome in a patient taking buspirone and fluoxetine. CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old white man taking fluoxetine 20 mg/d for generalized anxiety disorder developed confusion, diaphoresis, incoordination, diarrhea,and myoclonus after buspirone was added to the drug regimen. DISCUSSION: Serotonin syndrome is a potentially lethal condition of serotonin hyperstimulation, which may develop rapidly or over the course of several weeks. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome typically occur following additions or increases of serotonin-enhancing drugs. Although buspirone has variable effects on post-and presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors that may reduce the risk of serotonin syndrome when administered as a single agent, it may cause an adverse reaction when given with other serotonergic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms consistent with serotonin syndrome may develop with the concurrent administration of buspirone and fluoxetine. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. RP Manos, GH (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 34 IS 7-8 BP 871 EP 874 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 332ZZ UT WOS:000088105400010 PM 10928399 ER PT J AU Kadkhoda, P Muller, A Ristau, D Duparre, A Gliech, S Lauth, H Schuhmann, U Reng, N Tilsch, M Schuhmann, R Amra, C Deumie, C Jolie, C Kessler, H Lindstrom, T Ribbing, CG Bennett, JM AF Kadkhoda, P Muller, A Ristau, D Duparre, A Gliech, S Lauth, H Schuhmann, U Reng, N Tilsch, M Schuhmann, R Amra, C Deumie, C Jolie, C Kessler, H Lindstrom, T Ribbing, CG Bennett, JM TI International round-robin experiment to test the International Organization for Standardization total-scattering draft standard SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS; REFLECTANCE; SURFACES; MIRRORS; SAMPLES; ANGLE AB An international round-robin experiment has been conducted among laboratories in different countries to test the measurement and the data-analysis procedures in the International Organization for Standardization draft standard ISO/DIS 13696 for measuring total scattering from low-scatter laser optics. Ten laboratories measured total backscattering from high-reflectance mirrors, 50% beam splitters, and antireflection-coated windows. Results were sent to the Laser Zentrum Hannover, which acted as coordinator and analyzed all the backscattering data. The results showed that the procedure in the draft standard was useful for measuring and reporting backscattering for low-scatter optics. Problems encountered in the round-robin experiment included the accumulation of particles on the surfaces, particularly on the high-reflectance mirrors. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 290.0290, 290.5820, 120.4800. C1 Laser Zentrum Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Angew Opt & Feinmech, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Jenopt LOS GmbH, D-07739 Jena, Germany. Laser & Med Technol GGmbH, Berlin Geschaftsbereich Lasertechn, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Angew Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. LINOS Photon GmbH, D-37081 Gottingen, Germany. Ecole Natl Super Phys Marseille, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. Tech Opt Ltd, Onchan, Man, England. Uppsala Univ, Dept Mat Sci, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Kadkhoda, P (reprint author), Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hollerithallee 8, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. EM jbennett@ridgenet.net NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 19 BP 3321 EP 3332 DI 10.1364/AO.39.003321 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331YE UT WOS:000088045600019 PM 18349900 ER PT J AU Kim, WJ Chang, W Qadri, SB Wu, HD Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Newman, HS Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS AF Kim, WJ Chang, W Qadri, SB Wu, HD Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Newman, HS Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS TI Electrically and magnetically tunable microwave device using (Ba, Sr) TiO3/Y3FeO12 multilayer SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB Ferroelectric (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 (BST) thin films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition onto single-crystal Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) substrates with/without a MgO buffer layer. The structure and microwave properties of the BST films have been investigated as a function of substrate orientation and O-2 deposition pressures (50-800 mTorr). The crystallographic orientation of BST film varies with the deposition conditions. The dielectric properties of the ferroelectric were measured using interdigitated capacitors deposited on top of the BST film. BST films exhibit high tunability (20%-40%) and high dielectric Q = 1/tan delta (30-50) with a de bias field of 67 kV/cm at 10 GHz. A coplanar waveguide transmission line was fabricated from a (001)-oriented BST film on (111)YIG which exhibited a 17 degrees differential phase shift with an applied de bias field of 21 kV/cm (10 GHz). An equivalent differential phase shift was achieved with a magnetic field of 160 Gauss, PACS: 81.15.Fg; 84.40. Lj; 77.84.Dy. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, WJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 339VL UT WOS:000088498500002 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Study of adsorption on radiation-damaged CaF2(111) surfaces SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy; electron stimulated desorption; chemisorption; halides; surface defects ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; BEAM-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; CAF2/SI(111) INTERFACE; STIMULATED DESORPTION; WATER-ADSORPTION; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; DEFECT FORMATION AB Thin CaF2(111) films (60-130 Angstrom) have been grown in ultra-high vacuum by vapor deposition on Si(111)-(7 X 7) surfaces. Damage by low-energy (50 eV) electrons and the subsequent adsorption of small molecules (O-2, CO2, N-2, C2H6, and C2H4) have been examined using photoemission and electron energy loss spectroscopies. The damaged surface is highly reactive with O-2 and CO2. The initial rapid uptake of O saturates at exposures of less than or equal to 10 Langmuirs (L), leading to the attenuation of a damage-induced defect peak at 1.8 eV in the energy loss spectrum and the appearance of a feature indicating Ca-O banding in the surface-sensitive Ca 3p photoemission spectrum. The O Is and valence-band photoemission data indicate two distinct states of chemisorbed O differing in valence charge density. No chemisorption on the damaged surface is seen for less than or equal to 10(3) L of N-2, or less than or equal to 300 L of C2H6. For C2H4, deposition of C is shown by the appearance of the C Is in photoemission and of the 6.6 eV energy loss peak characteristic of graphitic C. O Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 70 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 161 IS 1-2 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(00)00300-7 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 339GR UT WOS:000088469700030 ER PT J AU McClaran, JP AF McClaran, JP TI US arms sales to Taiwan - Implications for the future of the Sino-US relationship SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article C1 Monterey Inst Int Studies, E Asia Nonproliferat Project, Ctr Nonproliferat Studies, Monterey, CA USA. RP McClaran, JP (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Ctr Civil Mil Relat, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 40 IS 4 BP 622 EP 640 DI 10.1525/as.2000.40.4.01p0090l PG 19 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 359VH UT WOS:000089632400004 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, JD Reid, IN Liebert, J Gizis, JE Burgasser, AJ Monet, DG Dahn, CC Nelson, B Willams, RJ AF Kirkpatrick, JD Reid, IN Liebert, J Gizis, JE Burgasser, AJ Monet, DG Dahn, CC Nelson, B Willams, RJ TI 67 additional L dwarfs discovered by the Two Micron All Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared radiation; stars : atmospheres; stars : distances; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID FIELD BROWN DWARFS; GLIESE 229B; LOW-RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; PHOTOMETRY; COMPANION; LUMINOSITY; DENIS; STARS AB We present JHK(s) photometry, far red spectra, and spectral classifications for an additional 67 L dwarfs discovered by the Two Micron All Sky Survey. One of the goals of this new search was to locate more examples of the latest L dwarfs. Of the 67 new discoveries, 17 have types of L6 or later. Analysis of these new discoveries shows that H alpha emission has yet to be convincingly detected in any L dwarf later than type L4.5, indicating a decline or absence of chromospheric activity in the latest L dwarfs. Further analysis shows that 16 (and possibly four more) of the new L dwarfs are lithium brown dwarfs and that the average line strength for those L dwarfs showing lithium increases until type similar to L6.5 V, then declines for later types. This disappearance may be the first sign of depletion of atomic lithium as it begins to form into lithium-bearing molecules. Another goal of the search was to locate nearer, brighter L dwarfs of all subtypes. Using absolute magnitudes for 17 L dwarf systems with trigonometric parallax measurements, we develop spectrophotometric relations to estimate distances to the other L dwarfs. Of the 67 new discoveries, 21 have photometric distances placing them within 25 pc of the Sun. A table of all known L and T dwarfs believed to lie within 25 pc-53 in total - is also presented. Using the distance measurement of the coolest L dwarf known, we calculate that the gap in temperature between L8 and the warmest known T dwarfs is less than 350 K and probably much less. If the transition region between the two classes spans a very small temperature interval, this would explain why no transition objects have yet been uncovered. This evidence, combined with model fits to low-resolution spectra of late M and early L dwarfs, indicates that L-class objects span the range 1300 K less than or similar to T-eff less than or similar to 2000 K. The near-infrared color-color diagram shows that L dwarfs fall along a natural, redder extension of the well-known M dwarf track. These near-infrared colors get progressively redder for later spectral types, with the L dwarf sequence abruptly ending near (J - H, H - K-h, J - K-s) approximate to (1.3, 0.8, 2.1). C1 CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91126 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Mail Stop 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 51 TC 418 Z9 419 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 120 IS 1 BP 447 EP 472 DI 10.1086/301427 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341HX UT WOS:000088585900031 ER PT J AU Urban, SE Wycoff, GL Makarov, VV AF Urban, SE Wycoff, GL Makarov, VV TI Comparisons of the Tycho-2 catalogue proper motions with Hipparcos and ACT SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; catalogs; reference systems; surveys AB The recently released Tycho-a Catalogue is expected to supersede the currently used catalogs based on the Tycho data, specifically, the ACT Reference Catalog and the Tycho Reference Catalogue. Here the proper motions of the newly released Tycho-2 Catalogue are compared with those of the Hipparcos Catalogue and the ACT Reference Catalog. Tycho-2 is found to be consistent with Hipparcos at a level below 0.5 mas yr(-1). Comparisons with the ACT reveal differences in systematic errors between the two, most likely due to the 1997 reduction of the Astrographic Catalogue. This comparison shows that the ACT follows the Hipparcos system at a level better than 1.0 mas yr(-1), but Tycho-2 is an improvement. Some of the largest deviations of individual stars between Tycho-2 and the other two catalogs are also investigated. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. RP Urban, SE (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. OI Makarov, Valeri/0000-0003-2336-7887 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 120 IS 1 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1086/301433 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341HX UT WOS:000088585900036 ER PT J AU Kuiper, L Hermsen, W Verbunt, F Thompson, DJ Stairs, IH Lyne, AG Strickman, MS Cusumano, G AF Kuiper, L Hermsen, W Verbunt, F Thompson, DJ Stairs, IH Lyne, AG Strickman, MS Cusumano, G TI The likely detection of pulsed high-energy gamma-ray emission from millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : pulsars : individual : PSR J0218+4232; stars : neutron; galaxies : BL Lacertae objects : individual : 3C 66A; gamma rays : observations; X-rays : stars ID RAPIDLY SPINNING PULSARS; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; RADIATION; CRAB AB We report circumstantial evidence for the first detection of pulsed high-energy gamma-ray emission from a millisecond pulsar, PSR J0218+4232, using data collected with the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment (EGRET) on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). The EGRET source 3EG J0222+4253 is shown to be spatially consistent with PSR J0218+3232 for the energy range 100-300 MeV. Above 1 GeV the nearby BL Lac 3C 66A is the evident counterpart, and between 300 MeV and 1 GeV both sources contribute to the gamma-ray excess. Folding the 100-1000 MeV photons with an accurate radio ephemeris of PSR J0218+4232 yields a double peaked pulse profile with a similar to 3.5 sigma modulation significance and with a peak separation of similar to 0.45 similar to the 0.1-10 keV pulse profile, A comparison in absolute phase with the 610 MHz radio profile shows alignment of the gamma-ray pulses with two of three radio pulses. The luminosity of the pulsed emission (0.1-1 GeV) amounts L-gamma = 1.64 . 10(34). (Delta Omega/1 sr) . (d/5.7 kpc)(2) erg s(-1) which is similar to 7% of the pulsar's total spin-down luminosity. The similarity of the X-ray and gamma-ray pulse profile shapes of PSR J0218+4232, and the apparent alignment of the gamma-ray pulses with two radio pulses at 610 MHz, bears resemblance to the well-known picture for the Crab pulsar. This similarity, and the fact that PSR J0218+4232 is one of three millisecond pulsars (the others are PSR B1821-24 and PSR B1937+21) which exhibit very hard, highly non-thermal, high-luminosity X-ray emission in narrow pulses led us to discuss these millisecond pulsars as a class, noting that each of these has a magnetic field strength near the light cylinder comparable to that for the Crab. None of the current models for gamma-ray emission from radio pulsars can explain the gamma-ray spectrum and luminosity of PSR J0218+4232. C1 SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Cosm & Applicaz Informat, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. RP Kuiper, L (reprint author), SRON, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM L.M.Kuiper@sron.nl RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Cusumano, Giancarlo/0000-0002-8151-1990 NR 53 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 359 IS 2 BP 615 EP 626 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341JJ UT WOS:000088587000025 ER PT J AU Feissel, M Gontier, AM Eubanks, TM AF Feissel, M Gontier, AM Eubanks, TM TI Spatial variability of compact extragalactic radiosources SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrometry; reference systems; galaxies : quasars : general ID REFERENCE-FRAME; INTERFEROMETRY AB Several hundreds of compact extragalactic radiosources (mainly quasars, but also BL Lac and galaxies) are monitored in a series of permanent VLBI geodetic and astrometric programs that were initiated in the late 1970's in support to the salar system exploration, for studying the Earth's rotation and crustal deformations, and for creating the celestial reference frame later recommended by the IAU as the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). Time series of directions of ICRF objects can be established at a sub-milliarcsecond precision level. A subset of 16 objects with a dense observational history over 1988-1999 are studied in order to derive information on the geometric and statistical properties of their emission at centimetric wavelength. C1 CNRS, Observ Paris, UMR 8630, F-75014 Paris, France. Inst Geog Natl, LAREG, F-77455 Marne La Vallee 2, France. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Feissel, M (reprint author), CNRS, Observ Paris, UMR 8630, 61 Av Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. EM feissel@ensg.ign.fr NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 359 IS 3 BP 1201 EP 1204 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341JZ UT WOS:000088588400040 ER PT J AU Ramirez, SV Sellgren, K Carr, JS Balachandran, SC Blum, R Terndrup, DM Steed, A AF Ramirez, SV Sellgren, K Carr, JS Balachandran, SC Blum, R Terndrup, DM Steed, A TI Stellar iron abundances at the Galactic center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : abundances; Galaxy : center; Galaxy : stellar content; stars : abundances; stars : late-type ID H-II REGIONS; SAMPLING MODEL ATMOSPHERES; LATE-TYPE STARS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; RED GIANTS; MILKY-WAY; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; METALLICITY GRADIENT; SUPER-GIANTS; COOL STARS AB We present measurements of [Fe/H] for six M supergiant stars and three giant stars within 2.5 pc of the Galactic center (GC) and one M supergiant star within 30 pc of the GC. The results are based on high-resolution (lambda/Delta lambda = 40,000) K-band spectra, taken with CSHELL at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. We determine the iron abundance by detailed abundance analysis, performed with the spectral synthesis program MOOG. The mean [Fe/H] of the GC stars is determined to be near solar, [Fe/H] = +0.12+/-0.22. Our analysis is a differential analysis, as we have observed and applied the same analysis technique to 11 cool, luminous stars in the solar neighborhood with similar temperatures and luminosities as the GC stars. The mean [Fe/H] of the solar neighborhood comparison stars, [Fe/H] = +0.03+/-0.16, is similar to that of the GC stars. The width of the GC [Fe/H] distribution is found to be narrower than the width of the [Fe/H] distribution of Baade's window in the bulge but consistent with the width of the [Fe/H] distribution of giant and supergiant stars in the solar neighborhood. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 70 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 537 IS 1 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1086/309022 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 337PN UT WOS:000088371000018 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Bottcher, M Chiang, J AF Dermer, CD Bottcher, M Chiang, J TI Spectral energy distributions of gamma-ray bursts energized by external shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID LIGHT CURVES; AFTERGLOW; SYNCHROTRON; EVOLUTION; EMISSION AB Sari, Piran, & Narayan have derived analytic formulae to model the spectra from gamma-ray burst blast waves that are energized by sweeping up material from the surrounding medium. We extend these expressions to apply to general radiative regimes and to include the effects of synchrotron self-absorption. Electron energy losses due to the synchrotron self-Compton process are also treated in a very approximate way. The calculated spectra are compared with detailed numerical simulation results. We find that the spectral and temporal breaks from the detailed numerical simulation are much smoother than the analytic formulae imply and that the discrepancies between the analytic and numerical results are greatest near the breaks and endpoints of the synchrotron spectra. The expressions are most accurate (within a factor of similar to 3) in the optical/X-ray regime during the afterglow phase and are more accurate when epsilon(e), the fraction of swept-up particle energy that is transferred to the electrons, is less than or similar to 0.1. The analytic results provide at best order-of-magnitude accuracy in the self-absorbed radio/infrared regime and give poor fits to the self-Compton spectra because of complications from Klein-Nishina effects and photon-photon opacity. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 537 IS 1 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1086/309017 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 337PN UT WOS:000088371000022 ER PT J AU Thomas, TL Hooper, TI Camarca, M Murray, J Sack, D Mole, D Spiro, RT Horn, WG Garland, FC AF Thomas, TL Hooper, TI Camarca, M Murray, J Sack, D Mole, D Spiro, RT Horn, WG Garland, FC TI A method for monitoring the Health of US Navy submarine crewmembers during periods of isolation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE submariners; health; epidemiology; surveillance ID MORTALITY AB Background: With the expansion of the manned space program, an essential consideration in planning is the medical support necessary for long-term missions, information on analogous populations serving in isolated and/or contained environments may be useful in predicting health risks for astronauts. Methods: The present study evaluates rates of health events that occur in a highly screened, healthy military population during periods of isolation. A centralized database was designed to collect medical encounter data from U.S. Navy submarines and contains demographic information, crew rosters for each patrol, medical encounter notes, accident reports, medical evacuation reports, vital signs and laboratory data. The population included in the present analysis is composed of crewmembers aboard 136 submarine patrols between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 1998. Results: A total of 2044 initial visits to medical staff and 973 re-visits for the same condition were recorded during these patrols. Potentially mission-impacting medical events reported among crewmembers were rare (i.e., among a crew of 10 individuals, only 1-2 medical Events would be expected to occur during a 100 d-mission). The most common category of medical events was injury, followed by respiratory illnesses (URIs), skin problems (minor infections, ingrown toenail), symptoms and ill-defined conditions, digestive disorders, infectious conditions, sensory organ problems (ear and eye), and musculoskeletal conditions. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Norfolk, VA USA. COMSUBLANT, Force Med, Norfolk, VA USA. COMSUBPAC, Force Med, Pearl River, NY USA. USN, Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Thomas, TL (reprint author), NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, NIH, EPS-7100,6120 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 71 IS 7 BP 699 EP 705 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 329RE UT WOS:000087921000006 PM 10902933 ER PT J AU Kelso, JM AF Kelso, JM TI Pollen-food allergy syndrome SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIRCH POLLEN; PRIMARY SENSITIZATION; CELERY ALLERGY; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; SENSITIVITY; POLLINOSIS; MUGWORT; BET-V-1; ANAPHYLAXIS C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kelso, JM (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Allergy, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD JUL PY 2000 VL 30 IS 7 BP 905 EP 907 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 334CP UT WOS:000088167800001 PM 10848910 ER PT J AU Federico, PA AF Federico, PA TI Learning styles and student attitudes toward various aspects of network-based instruction SO COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE learning styles; student attitudes; network-based instruction AB In order to determine student attitudes toward various aspects of network-based instruction 234 individuals voluntarily participated in research to ascertain their tendencies that will likely facilitate, or interfere with, interacting and learning from this innovative technology. Participants were requested to respond anonymously to 60 items of a survey, designed to assess their attitudes toward distinct facets of network-based instruction, as well as two separate forms developed to ascertain their learning and cognitive styles. Student responses to survey items, and measures of learning and cognitive styles, were analyzed using a number of multivariate and univariate statistical techniques. Students with assimilating and accommodating learning styles demonstrated significantly more agreeable attitudes toward varied aspects of network-based instruction than students with converging and diverging learning styles. These findings partially supported the general hypothesis. Recommendations are made to appropriate sponsors, academic administrators, faculty members, and instructional developers, interested in realizing on-line learning. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Federico, PA (reprint author), 4493 Pescadero Ave, San Diego, CA 92107 USA. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0747-5632 J9 COMPUT HUM BEHAV JI Comput. Hum. Behav. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 359 EP 379 DI 10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00021-2 PG 21 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 340WK UT WOS:000088558800001 ER PT J AU Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Lambrakos, SG Jones, HN AF Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP Lambrakos, SG Jones, HN TI Properties of rigid polyurethane foams related to their use for corrosion control inside confined spaces SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE cavities; polymer foams; polyurethane foams; seawater; steel corrosion AB Recent studies show that rigid, closed cell polymer foam. blocks seawater penetration and provides corrosion protection to the internal surfaces of metal cavities exposed to aqueous salt environments, The present study explored properties of rigid polyurethane foam that would impact its durability and effectiveness as an agent for corrosion protection. In particular, the bonding strength and cure morphology of polyurethane foam prepared from single-part injectable and two-part pourable formulations applied to steel tubular structures were investigated. Water absorption and retention characteristics of the cured foam also are presented. Tests showed that upon curing, the foam provided excellent coverage and adhered well to as-manufactured and precorroded metal surfaces. For the one-part formulation, no significant water was retained after 8 weeks of total seawater immersion. In the same test, the greatest amount of moisture retained by the cured foam from the two-part formulation was similar to1 vol%. Results suggested that within a confined metal cavity, rigid polyurethane foam acts as a well-sealed barrier coating or as an entry plug to block the intrusion of detrimental solid or corrosive fluid material. Two distinct advantages to using self-expanding, rigid polyurethane foam for retrofit corrosion control are its excellent adherence to precorroded metal surfaces and convenient application by remote injection to regions that are difficult or impossible to access for surface preparation and the application of protective paints. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 2000 VL 56 IS 7 BP 757 EP 764 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565DQ UT WOS:000176353900010 ER PT J AU Niemtzow, RC AF Niemtzow, RC TI Integration of complementary disciplines into the oncology clinic - Part I. Acupuncture SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Niemtzow, RC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 184 EP 193 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 351RU UT WOS:000089172600002 PM 11001324 ER PT J AU Mondry, TE AF Mondry, TE TI Integration of complementary disciplines into the oncology clinic - Part II. Physical therapy SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; AXILLARY DISSECTION; RADIATION-THERAPY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; LYMPHEDEMA; ARM; MASTECTOMY; CARCINOMA; IRRADIATION C1 USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Mondry, TE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Breast Hlth Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 194 EP 212 PG 19 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 351RU UT WOS:000089172600003 PM 11001325 ER PT J AU Semaan, N AF Semaan, N TI Integration of complementary disciplines into the oncology clinic - Part III. Herbal medicine - Drug interactions: The role of the pharmacist SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER LA English DT Article ID PHARMACOKINETICS; WARFARIN; GLYCYRRHIZIN; PREDNISOLONE; POTENTIATION; PHENELZINE; INGESTION; GINSENG C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Pomona, CA USA. RP Semaan, N (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-0272 J9 CURR PROB CANCER JI Curr. Probl. Cancer PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 351RU UT WOS:000089172600004 PM 11001326 ER PT J AU Batieha, A Saliba, EK Graham, R Mohareb, E Hijazi, Y Wijeyaratne, P AF Batieha, A Saliba, EK Graham, R Mohareb, E Hijazi, Y Wijeyaratne, P TI Seroprevalence of West Nile, Rift Valley, and sandfly arboviruses in Hashimiah, Jordan SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; VIRAL ANTIBODY; RIVER DELTA; PREVALENCE; FEVER; EGYPT AB We conducted a serosurvey among patients of a health center in Hashimiah, a Jordanian town of 30,000 inhabitants located near a wastewater treatment plant and its effluent channel. Serum samples from 261 patients greater than or equal to 5 years of age were assessed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies against West Nile, sandfly Sicilian, sandfly Naples, and Rift Valley viruses; the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies was 8%, 47%, 30%, and 0%, respectively. Female participants were more likely to have been infected than male. Persons living within 2 km of the treatment plant were more likely to have been infected with West Nile (p = 0.016) and sandfly Sicilian (p = 0.010) viruses. Raising domestic animals within the house was a risk factor for sandfly Sicilian (p = 0.003) but not for sandfly Naples virus (p = 0.148). All serum samples were negative for IgM antibodies against the tested viruses. Our study is the first documentation of West Nile and sandfly Viruses in Jordan and calls attention to the possible health hazards of living close to wastewater treatment plants and their effluent channels. C1 Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, Jordan. Hashimiah Univ, Zarqa, Jordan. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Virol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. RP Batieha, A (reprint author), Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, POB 3030, Irbid, Jordan. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 6 IS 4 BP 358 EP 362 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 342TH UT WOS:000088660900005 PM 10905968 ER PT J AU King, KD Vanniere, JM Leblanc, JL Bullock, KE Anderson, GP AF King, KD Vanniere, JM Leblanc, JL Bullock, KE Anderson, GP TI Automated fiber optic biosensor for multiplexed immunoassays SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; AIRBORNE BIOSENSOR; IMMUNOSENSOR; ANALYTES; WATER; RICIN AB The multianalyte capability of the RAPTOR, a rapid, automatic, and portable fiber optic fluorimeter, was demonstrated. Employing evanescent wave illumination an polystyrene fiber optic waveguides, the RAPTOR performed fluorescent immunoassays for Bacillus globigii spores, ovalbumin, Erwinia herbicola, and MS2 coliphage. During a 4-day laboratory trial assaying 144 blind samples, the RAPTOR demonstrated detection of 10(5) cfu/mL B. globigii, 10(7) cfu/mL. E. herbicola, and 10(9) pfu/mL MS2; ovalbumin detection was less favorable than expected due to sample degradation. Assays were completed in 10 min with no sample preprocessing. No false positives were identified. Antigen carryover between coupons was examined but was not found to elicit a notable response far any analytes, except B. globigii. Finally, assay results obtained after reagent and waveguides had completed 30 negative (buffer) cycles were compared with standard assay results achieved with fresh reagent and waveguides to determine whether antigen detection would decrease using cycled reagent or optical probes. Detection efficacy proved to be unaffected by the use of cycled versus fresh probes or reagent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Anderson, George/D-2461-2011 OI Anderson, George/0000-0001-7545-9893 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 13 BP 2845 EP 2850 DI 10.1021/es9913535 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 330RC UT WOS:000087974200043 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, D Goldberg, A AF Fraedrich, D Goldberg, A TI A methodological framework for the validation of predictive simulations SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE simulation; verification and validation; design of experiments; error analysis ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; MODELS AB This paper presents a methodological framework for the validation of predictive simulations that synthesizes concepts from the fields of Conventional Model Verification and Validation, Testing of Scientific Theories, Design of Experiments, Error/Sensitivity, and Statistical Exploratory Data Analysis. This framework presents validation as a five-phase process that starts with the often overlooked phase 'Is the simulation subject to validation?'. The remaining phases are: a priori tests, design and execution of experiment, comparison with predictions, and lastly simulation improvement. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fraedrich, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5757,Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 124 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00117-4 PG 8 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 315BU UT WOS:000087093400005 ER PT J AU Chute, JP Clark, W Johnson, K Saini, A Wells, M Harlan, DM AF Chute, JP Clark, W Johnson, K Saini, A Wells, M Harlan, DM TI Hematopoietic cytokine production by human brain endothelial cells (HUBEC) is associated with the ex vivo expansion of CD34(+)CD38(-) cells SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIDDK, USN, TAB, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 28 IS 7 SU 1 MA 96 BP 61 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0301-472X(00)00279-4 PG 1 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 331EK UT WOS:000088004200094 ER PT J AU Rosler, E Brandt, J Chute, J Hoffman, R AF Rosler, E Brandt, J Chute, J Hoffman, R TI Cocultivation of umbilical cord blood cells with endothelial cells leads to extensive amplification of competent CD34(+)CD38(-) cells SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cord blood; stem cell expansion; endothelial cells; cytokines ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; EX-VIVO EXPANSION; COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE; HUMAN BONE-MARROW; LIMITING DILUTION ANALYSIS; CULTURE-INITIATING CELLS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENT MICE; IN-VITRO; PROGENITOR CELLS; UNRELATED DONORS AB Objective. In this report, methods to expand the number of human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells were explored. Materials and Methods. CD34(+) cord blood cells were expanded in the presence of various cytokine combinations in either a stroma-free cell culture system or a preformed porcine microvascular endothelial cell layer. After 7 to 21 days, stem cell number and function were monitored. In addition, the replicative history of stem cells was tracked using the fluorescent dye, PKH26. Results. With the addition of various cytokine combinations, total cellular expansion was equivalent for both culture systems, although the endothelial cell-based system contained statistically greater numbers of CD34(+) cells. Eg day 21, the endothelial-based system receiving the FLT3L, SCF, IL-6, and GM-CSF cytokine combination contained five-fold greater numbers of CD34(+) than the stroma cell-free culture cell system. Endothelial-based cultures receiving these four cytokines plus megakaryocyte growth and development factor produced a 640-fold expansion of CD34(+)CD38(-) cells as compared to a four-fold expansion in the stroma-free system. The number of progenitor cells generated was similar with both systems, yet the greatest degree of expansion of cobblestone al ea-forming cells was observed in the endothelial based cultures (11-fold vs four-fold). Virtually all CD34(+) and CD34(+)CD38(+) cells expanded in the presence of endothelial cells had undergone self replication by day 10, yet stromal cell-free cultures contained a significant number (4.8%) of quiescent cells. Identical numbers of re-isolated cord blood CD34(+) cells expanded in both systems exhibited a similar ability to engraft and generate cells belonging to multiple hematopoietic lineages in human fetal bones implanted in immunodeficient mice. Conclusions. These results suggest that the use of preformed endothelial cell monolayers might permit the ex vivo generation of sufficient numbers of cord stem cells to serve as successful grafts for adult transplant recipients, (C) 2000 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Hoffman, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, MBRB Room 3150,900 S Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 64 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 28 IS 7 BP 841 EP 852 DI 10.1016/S0301-472X(00)00177-6 PG 12 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 329DY UT WOS:000087892300014 PM 10907646 ER PT J AU Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Busse, LE Nguyen, VQ Pureza, PC Cole, BC Harbison, BB Aggarwal, ID Mossadegh, R Kung, F Talley, D Roselle, D Miklos, R AF Sanghera, JS Shaw, LB Busse, LE Nguyen, VQ Pureza, PC Cole, BC Harbison, BB Aggarwal, ID Mossadegh, R Kung, F Talley, D Roselle, D Miklos, R TI Development and infrared applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers SO FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE IR fibers; laser power transmission; chemical sensors; near field microscopy ID S GLASS; AMPLIFIERS; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; FABRICATION; GENERATION; ABSORPTION; BUNDLE AB Chalcogenide glass fibers based on sulphide, selenide, telluride, and their rare earth doped compositions are being actively pursued both at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. NRL and worldwide. Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses using improved chemical purification techniques, but further improvements are needed in both purification and fiberization technology to attain the theoretical optical losses. Despite this, current singlemode and multimode chalcogenide glass fibers are enabling numerous applications. Some of these applications include laser power delivery, chemical sensing, imaging, scanning near field microscopy / spectroscopy, fiber infrared IR sources / lasers, amplifiers, and optical switches. The authors assert that the research and development of chalcogenide glasses will grow in the foreseeable future, especially with respect to improvements in the optical quality of the fibers and the performance of the fibers in existing and future applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD USA. SF Associates, Landover, MD USA. RP Sanghera, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5606, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 64 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0146-8030 J9 FIBER INTEGRATED OPT JI Fiber Integrated Opt. PD JUL-SEP PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP 251 EP 274 PG 24 WC Optics SC Optics GA 340WF UT WOS:000088558100005 ER PT J AU Diachok, O AF Diachok, O TI Absorption spectroscopy: A new approach to estimation of biomass SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acoustic absorptivity; absorption loss; absorption spectroscopy; resonance frequency; transmission loss; swim bladders; biomass; number density; juvenile sardines; adult sardines ID TARGET STRENGTHS; SHALLOW-WATER; PELAGIC FISH; ANCHOVY; SEA AB The results of an interdisciplinary experiment, Modal Lion, which was designed to isolate the effects of absorptivity due to fish with swim bladders from other effects on transmission loss, are described. The experiment was conducted at a 83 m deep site in the Gulf of Lion in September 1995. Absorption losses were measured between 0.6 and 5.0 kHz at a range of 12 km. Trawling operations indicated that the dominant fish in this region were 16.5 cm long sardines. Absorption lines were evident at 1.3 kHz (18 dB) when dispersed sardines were near the surface at night, and at 2.7 kHz (35 dB) when sardines were dispersed near the bottom at dawn just prior to school formation. In addition, an absorption line attributed to 6.5 cm long, dispersed juvenile sardines was evident at a frequency of 3.9 kHz (8 dB) at night. Measured resonance frequencies of 16.5 and 6.5 cm long dispersed sardines at night were in good agreement with theoretical computations based on swim bladder dimensions derived from trawling operations. Results suggest the possibility of spectral separation of juvenile from adult fish, and long term monitoring of the growth and mortality rates of juveniles with absorption spectroscopy measurements. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Diachok, O (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 47 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00172-7 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 325CJ UT WOS:000087658500012 ER PT J AU Morris, RE Mera, AE Brady, RF AF Morris, RE Mera, AE Brady, RF TI Development of a model system to study fuel autoxidation in supercritical media: decomposition kinetics of 2,2 '-azobis(isobutyronitrile) in supercritical carbon dioxide SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE autoxidation; jet fuel; supercritical; kinetics; AIBN ID ETHANE AB A high pressure reactor has been constructed and used for in situ spectroscopic measurements of reaction kinetics in supercritical fluids. The thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was studied as part of an effort to characterize free-radical autoxidation of hydrocarbon fuels under supercritical conditions. The findings show that AIBN decomposes both thermally and photochemically in SC-CO2 to form the 2-cyano-2-propyl free radical which dimerizes to form tetramethylsuccinic dinitrile and dimethyl-N-(2-cyano-2-propyl) ketenimine. Examination of the decomposition kinetics of the ketenimine revealed that it was photochemically stable in the kinetic reactor, but decomposed thermally to form the dinitrile. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Morris, RE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUL PY 2000 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1101 EP 1107 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00246-X PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 315FX UT WOS:000087102900012 ER PT J AU Cobb, MA Petry, FE Shaw, KB AF Cobb, MA Petry, FE Shaw, KB TI Fuzzy spatial relationship refinements based on minimum bounding rectangle variations SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE minimum bounding rectangle; fuzzy spatial relationship; conflation; multiple rectangle representation AB Many spatial data modeling strategies rely upon approximate representations of spatial objects both for computational efficiency issues as well as the simplification of logical modeling strategies. The most widely used approximation is the minimum bounding rectangle (MBR). While the use of MBRs in spatial data modeling is extensive due to their efficiency for storage and relationship calculation, their use as a solitary means of identifying, for example, topological relationships between objects is problematic due to the inconsistency of mappings between relationships of MBRs and corresponding relationships of the objects they represent. In this paper we examine several extensions to the MBR model that reduce the discrepancies between binary spatial relationships of the MBRs and those of the contained objects. For each scheme, we consider the implications to the determination of fuzzy spatial relationships and the impact on computational issues. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Tulane Univ, Ctr Intelligent & Knowlege Based Syst, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Cobb, MA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RI Petry, Frederick/F-9894-2010 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 1 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0165-0114(99)00015-9 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 307EJ UT WOS:000086640100009 ER PT J AU Theophanis, S Queen, J AF Theophanis, S Queen, J TI Color display of the localized spectrum SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPY; CRACKS; MEDIA AB This paper develops a new display technique for seismic cross-sections, called spectral color. The need to visualize frequency information in seismic data is recognized uniformly and often is accomplished through the color display of instantaneous frequency. The spectral content of a reflected event can carry information about the reflecting horizon's characteristics which will not be resolved in the instantaneous state of the record. Spectral color is devised to overcome the problem of displaying an entire localized spectrum at each time sample and offset of a seismic section. The localized spectrum is calculated with a relatively new time-frequency representation called the S-transform, which combines a Fourier technique with adaptive windowing in the frequency domain. A color (RGB triplet) based on the localized spectral content is calculated and the pixel is displayed at the appropriate position in the seismic section. As a result, the seismic cross-section is displayed in an intuitive manner that is much the way we see the world around us. Strongly reflecting or well-lit objects appear to us as bright, and the color tells us about the frequency content of the reflected energy. Spectral color is applied to ultrasonic laboratory data acquired over a thin anisotropic disk. It reveals a change in color (spectral content) with azimuth where no significant amplitude variation with azimuth was observed. Spectral color is illustrated further by application to a 3-D field data set and is compared to other, more standard, color displays. C1 Sci Res Lab, Somerville, MA 02143 USA. Conoco Inc, Seism Imaging Technol Ctr, Ponca City, OK 74601 USA. RP Theophanis, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7432, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1330 EP 1340 DI 10.1190/1.1444825 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 344QV UT WOS:000088771100030 ER PT J AU Howerton, MM Moeller, RP Greenblatt, AS Krahenbuhl, R AF Howerton, MM Moeller, RP Greenblatt, AS Krahenbuhl, R TI Fully packaged, broad-band LiNbO3 modulator with low drive voltage SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fiber optics; integrated optics; lithium niobate; optical communications; traveling wave optical modulators AB A low drive voltage of similar to 5 V at 40 GHz has been achieved in a fully packaged, broad-band LiNbO3 modulator. The excellent response is attributed to nearly perfect velocity and impedance matching, along with very long electrodes (41 mm), low electrode losses, and minimal packaging effects. Very accurate frequency-dependent drive voltages are obtained by the use of independent sets of measurements. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Howerton, MM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5671, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 12 IS 7 BP 792 EP 794 DI 10.1109/68.853502 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 339YQ UT WOS:000088505800012 ER PT J AU Sudhoff, SD Glover, SF Lamm, PT Schmucker, DH Delisle, DE AF Sudhoff, SD Glover, SF Lamm, PT Schmucker, DH Delisle, DE TI Admittance space stability analysis of power electronic systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGIES AB Power electronics based power distribution systems (PEDSs) are becoming increasingly common, particularly in marine and aerospace applications. Stability analysis of this class of systems is crucial due to the potential for negative impedance instability. Existing techniques of stability analysis introduce artificial conservativeness, are sensitive to component grouping, and at the same time do not explicitly address uncertainties and variations in operating point. A new stability criterion, which reduces artificial conservativeness and is also insensitive to component grouping is described. In addition, a means of readily establishing design specifications from an arbitrary stability criterion which specifically includes a provision to incorporate uncertainty, parameter variation, and nonlinearities is set forth. The method is presented in the context of a hardware test system and is experimentally validated. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Arlington, VA 22242 USA. RP Sudhoff, SD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Elect Engn Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 16 TC 161 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3 BP 965 EP 973 DI 10.1109/7.869517 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 350TR UT WOS:000089117700023 ER PT J AU Ancona, MG AF Ancona, MG TI Equations of state for silicon inversion layers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article ID MOSFETS AB The accuracy of a generalized diffusion-drift description known as density-gradient theory for modeling the quantized inversion layer on (100) Si is studied in detail by comparing its results with corresponding Schrodinger-Poisson calculations, A key element of density-gradient theory is the equation of state used to model the response of the electron gas. A variety of such equations are considered including new approaches for modeling the lifting of the conduction band valley degeneracy and for representing exchange-correlation effects. On the whole, the theory does remarkably well over a wide range of biases, oxide thicknesses, and doping concentrations. For shallow wells and for simulating the density deep inside the semiconductor density-gradient theory actually outperforms the quantum mechanical approach unless the latter includes large numbers of subbands, When comparing with experiment, neither theory works that well in a predictive sense because of uncertainties in the treatment of the oxide and of the gate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2000 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1449 EP 1456 DI 10.1109/16.848290 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 329GH UT WOS:000087898500023 ER PT J AU Partington, KC AF Partington, KC TI A data fusion algorithm for mapping sea-ice concentrations from special sensor microwave/imager data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE algorithm; data fusion; ice charts; passive microwave; sea-ice; SSM/I ID CONCENTRATION RETRIEVAL; RADIOMETER; SIGNATURES; GREENLAND; IMAGER; MODEL; SMMR; GHZ AB Ice charts from the U.S. National Ice Center, Washington, DC, are compared to published algorithms for generating sea-ice concentrations from SSM/I data. The same ice charts, in a form that includes information derived only from RADARSAT, OLS, and AVHRR data, are used in an operational algorithm that effectively tunes a hybrid of the Bootstrap and NASA Team algorithms and principal components of the SSM/I data to the time and region associated with the ice chart. This "tuned" algorithm is then used to interpolate ice concentrations elsewhere in the ice chart where no cloud-free, high resolution, visible, infrared or active microwave satellite data are available, The algorithm is designed to operate in near real time to assist the ice analysts in their otherwise manually-intensive task of compiling ice charts for vessels operating in ice-infested waters. C1 USN, Ice Ctr, Washington, DC 20395 USA. RP Partington, KC (reprint author), USN, Ice Ctr, Washington, DC 20395 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1947 EP 1958 DI 10.1109/36.851776 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 337TM UT WOS:000088377800018 ER PT J AU Gao, BC AF Gao, BC TI A practical method for simulating AVHRR-consistent NDVI data series using narrow MODIS channels in the 0.5-1.0 mu m spectral range SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmosphere; moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS); radiative transfer; remote sensing ID WATER-VAPOR; DATA SET; CLIMATE; AVIRIS AB Over the past two decades, a key indicator of climate change has been the long time series of global maps of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), derived from remotely sensed data acquired with a series of NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) instruments from space. These NDVI values are calculated from relatively broad AVHRR channels in the red (similar to 0.58-0.68 mu m) and near-infrared (similar to 0.73-1.0 mu m) regions. Continuation of this long term data set is extremely valuable for climate-related research, However, sometime in the coming decade, the AVHRR time series measurements will no longer be continued, Instead, the measurements will be made using newer generation satellite instruments having narrower channels and improved spatial resolution, For example, the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra spacecraft has several narrow channels in the 0.4-1.0 spectral range. The NDVI values derived from the MODIS red channel (similar to 0.62-0.67 mu m) and near-IR channel (similar to 0.841-0.876 mu m) will be biased compared to those derived from the broader AVHRR channels because of differences in channel positions and widths for the two instruments. The narrow MODIS near-IR channel is-only slightly affected by atmospheric water vapor absorption, while the broad AVHRR near-IR channel is strongly affected by water vapor absorption, As a result, the largest bias comes from the near IR channels on the two instruments. To a lesser extent, the bias also comes from the differences between the red channel positions and the widths of MODIS and AVHRR instruments, In this paper, we describe a practical method for simulating AVHRR NDVI values using several narrower MODIS channels in the 0.4-1.0 mu m spectral range, including the MODIS green channel (similar to 0.545-0.565 mu m) and the ater vapor absorption; channel (similar to 0.915-0.965 mu m), For this study, hyperspectral imaging data acquired with the airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) are used in the simulation of MODIS and AVHRR channels. This same method can, in principle, be used to derive AVHRR-consistent NDVI data series from other future satellite sensors that have similar capabilities as MODIS. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1969 EP 1975 DI 10.1109/36.851778 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 337TM UT WOS:000088377800020 ER PT J AU Wear, KA Armstrong, DW AF Wear, KA Armstrong, DW TI The relationship between ultrasonic backscatter and bone mineral density in human calcaneus SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Letter ID CANCELLOUS BONE; HIP FRACTURE; IN-VITRO; ATTENUATION; VELOCITY; WOMEN; PREDICTION; LIVER; MASS AB Backscatter and attenuation coefficients were measured from 24 human calcanei in vitro. The logarithm of the backscatter coefficient at 500 kHz showed moderate correlations with bone mineral density (r = 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.59-0.91) and attenuation (r = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.58-0.91). These results suggest that backscatter measurements may be useful in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. C1 US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Natl Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, HFZ-142,12720 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM kaw@cdrh.fda.gov NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 777 EP 780 DI 10.1109/58.852057 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 334FK UT WOS:000088175800002 PM 18238608 ER PT J AU Howarth, TR Ting, RY AF Howarth, TR Ting, RY TI Electroacoustic evaluations of 1-3 piezocomposite SonoPanel (TM) materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE AB An advanced configuration 1-3 piezocomposite, designated by its manufacturer as SonoPanel(TM), has been investigated For potential underwater acoustical applications. In-air electromechanical characteristics and in-water acoustical properties of the SonoPanel(TM) were experimentally examined. The in-air impedance measurement results showed the existence of parasitic modes in the composite panel in addition to the expected thickness mode. This modal behavior is identified to be related to the piezocomposite structure. In-water acoustical properties of the new 1-3 piezocomposite panels were investigated as a function of temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and frequency. The effect of underwater explosive shock on the acoustic responses showed no detrimental effects in mechanical structure or acoustical performance of the piezocomposite panel, Linearity with electrical drive level and hydrostatic pressure stability of the 1-3 piezocomposites also were established. These results suggest that the SonoPanel(TM) piezocomposite material is potentially useful for underwater acoustical applications, particularly in applications in which large area coverage is desired. C1 USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Howarth, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Acoust Div, Phys Acoust Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 886 EP 894 DI 10.1109/58.852071 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 334FK UT WOS:000088175800016 PM 18238622 ER PT J AU Glazounov, AE Wang, S Zhang, QM Kim, C AF Glazounov, AE Wang, S Zhang, QM Kim, C TI Piezoelectric stepper motor with direct coupling mechanism to achieve high efficiency and precise control of motion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ACTUATORS; TUBES AB The paper describes a piezoelectric motor that combines the merits of piezoelectric materials, such as high power density generated at electromechanical resonance, and a precise control of displacement. In the motor, standing shear wave is excited at the resonance in the piezoelectric tube, and it produces high-frequency torsional vibrations of the stator. The vibrations are converted into unidirectional rotation of a rotor by using a direct coupling mechanism between the stator and the rotor in which a clutch drives the rotor via locking it. The direct coupling makes it possible to transmit the whole power generated in the piezoelectric tube to the rotor, and thus achieve the high efficiency of the motor. It also allows combining two regimes of operation: continuous rotation and a stepwise motion within a 360 degrees interval with a high resolution of angular displacement. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Ceram Mech Engn, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Glazounov, AE (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Ceram Mech Engn, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1067 DI 10.1109/58.852090 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 334FK UT WOS:000088175800035 PM 18238641 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, S Blank, DA AF Bhattacharyya, S Blank, DA TI Power optimized work limit for internally irreversible reciprocating engines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE finite-time thermodynamics; irreversible cycle; reciprocating carnot engine; power-optimized work ID MAXIMUM POWER; EFFICIENCY; ENTROPY; PLANTS AB The theory of irreversible thermodynamics for reciprocating externally irreversible cycles gives rise to an optimum efficiency at maximum power output of eta = 1 - (T-L/T-H)(0.5) for internally reversible Carnot cycles, in contrast to the upper limit for Carnot cycles of eta = 1 - (T-L/T-H) obtained from classical thermodynamics. It is shown here in addition, for the internally irreversible reciprocating Carnot cycle using linear heat transfer modes, that the optimum work output at maximum power (W-opt) is less than land in the limit of no internal irreversibility is equal to) exactly one-half of the work potential of the externally reversible cycle operating at maximum thermal efficiency (Carnot work, W-rev) between the same temperature limits (i.e., W-opt less than or equal to 1/2W(rev)). To accomplish this the analysis goes one step further than earlier works to make use of time symmetry to minimize overall cycle time and thus better optimize overall cycle power. Because this novel procedure implies the concurrent use of first and second laws of thermodynamics, it automatically ensures optimal allocation of thermal conductances at the hot and cold ends while simultaneously achieving both minimization of internal entropy generation and maximization of specific cycle work. Based on linear heat transfer laws, this expression for optimum work is shown to be independent of heat conductances. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. RP Bhattacharyya, S (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Mech Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1357 EP 1368 DI 10.1016/S0020-7403(99)00061-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 310FP UT WOS:000086816100008 ER EF