FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Watko, JA Klimchuk, JA AF Watko, JA Klimchuk, JA TI Width variations along coronal loops observed by TRACE SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; SOLAR CORONA; TRANSITION REGION; EXPLORER; YOHKOH AB We have measured width variations along coronal loops observed by TRACE in the 171, 195, and 284 Angstrom bandpasses. The loops are not significantly thicker in the middle compared to near the footpoints, and there is no correlation between the footpoint-to-midpoint expansion and the loop length. This applies to both post-flare and non-flare loops. The observations conflict with our present understanding of active region magnetic fields, and they have important implications for the structure and heating of the corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Watko, JA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Praxis Inc, USN, Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 18 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2000 VL 193 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1023/A:1005209528612 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 354XV UT WOS:000089357300005 ER PT J AU Kim, J Chrisey, DB Gilmore, CM Horwitz, JS AF Kim, J Chrisey, DB Gilmore, CM Horwitz, JS TI Evidence of a critical film thickness for the early growth stage transition in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATE FORMATION; VICINAL SRTIO3(001); MICROSTRUCTURE AB YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on (100) SrTiO2 substrates with 0 and 5 degrees miscut angles along the [010] direction to observe and manipulate the growth at the early stages. For films on 0 degrees miscut substrates, the first 30 Angstrom of growth was by island nucleation, and the areal density of nuclei increased with the him thickness. The transition from island nucleation to growth was between 30 and 60 Angstrom. Islands grew larger with the film thickness for films thicker than 30 Angstrom while the areal density was dramatically reduced. For the films on 5 degrees miscut substrates, the step-flow growth and island nucleation competed with each other for film thicknesses up to 30 Angstrom. When the film thickness increased above 60 Angstrom, the step-flow mode was dominant and no islands were observed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/13/4/314 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 309UU UT WOS:000086788300016 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM Long, JP AF Bermudez, VM Long, JP TI Chemisorption of H2O on GaN(0001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemisorption; gallium nitride; oxygen; photoelectron spectroscopy; water ID GAN FILMS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; WURTZITE GAN; SURFACE; WATER; PHOTOEMISSION; HYDROGEN; CRYSTALS; LASER AB The chemisorption of H2O on the clean Ga-polar GaN(0001) surface near room temperature has been studied using mainly synchrotron ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. H2O adsorbs dissociatively, with a total sticking probability of greater than or equal to 0.45, up to a saturation coverage of ca. 0.46 monolayers. In contrast O-2 exposure gives about the same saturation coverage but with a total sticking probability of similar to 2.7 x 10(-3). Surface states at the valence band maximum are removed with, however, only a small apparent reduction in upward band bending (which may be influenced by surface photovoltage). An additional density of states, extending into the gap, is not removed by exposure to H2O or O-2 and may be derived from bulk defects. Changes in the valence band and in the electron affinity suggest that annealing at similar to 200 degrees C decomposes adsorbed OH to form O and, presumably, H. The resulting surface appears to be essentially the same as that formed by O-2 exposure at room temperature. Further annealing (to similar to 500 degrees C) of the surface with chemisorbed O, from either OH decomposition or O-2 chemisorption, causes additional changes in the spectra which may represent the conversion of chemisorbed O to an oxide-like phase. Evidence is found for a small (similar to 0.1 eV) surface photovoltage effect on band bending for the clean surface which increases to similar to 0.33 eV for the H2O-exposed surface after annealing. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM bermudez@estd.nrl.navy.mil NR 38 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 450 IS 1-2 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00051-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 299LN UT WOS:000086200200011 ER PT J AU Schlaf, R Schroeder, PG Nelson, MW Parkinson, BA Merritt, CD Crisafulli, LA Murata, H Kafafi, ZH AF Schlaf, R Schroeder, PG Nelson, MW Parkinson, BA Merritt, CD Crisafulli, LA Murata, H Kafafi, ZH TI Determination of interface dipole and band bending at the Ag/tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) gallium organic Schottky contact by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; photoelectron emission; semiconducting films; semiconductor-semiconductor interfaces; semiconductor-semiconductor thin film structures; surface electronic phenomena (work function; surface potential, surface states, etc.); visible and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy; work function measurements; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID DER-WAALS-EPITAXY; ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; UV PHOTOEMISSION; X-RAY; SEMICONDUCTOR; AL AB A tris ( 8-hydroxyquinolinato) gallium (Gaq(3)) thin film was grown in several steps on a previously in situ evaporated Ag thin film. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) measurements carried out prior to growth and after each growth step allowed the determination of the alignment of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) relative to the Fermi level of the Ag substrate. The deposition of ultra-thin (submonolayer) initial Gaq(3) films allowed us to distinguish between band bending and interface dipole related high binding energy cutoff (secondary cutoff) shifts, which is necessary to determine the interface dipole with high precision. In order to determine the band bending with high accuracy it was necessary to identify the HOMO position of the submonolayer Gaq(3) films, This was accomplished by removing the Ag related emission background in the low coverage spectra using the Fermi edge intensity as a measure for the Ag related emission. Our results demonstrate that the interface dipole builds up during the growth of the first one or two monolayers during which the HOMO position remains constant. The offset between the HOMO cutoff(low binding energy cutoff of the UP spectra) and the Ag Fermi edge was determined to be 1.67 eV, while the interface dipole amounted to 0.69 eV. Ln order to find an estimate for the alignment of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) relative to the Ag Fermi edge, the HOEO/LUMO gap (2.70 eV) of Gaq(3) was determined by optical absorption measurements, The LUMO offset; was estimated to be - 1.04 eV, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schlaf, R (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 28 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 450 IS 1-2 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00232-6 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 299LN UT WOS:000086200200016 ER PT J AU Meilinger, PS AF Meilinger, PS TI To fool a class eye: Camouflage versus photoreconnaissance in World War II. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. RP Meilinger, PS (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD APR PY 2000 VL 41 IS 2 BP 385 EP 387 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 309MF UT WOS:000086771000027 ER PT J AU Schmeling, M Russell, LM Erlick, C Collins, DR Jonsson, H Wang, Q Kregsamer, P Streli, C AF Schmeling, M Russell, LM Erlick, C Collins, DR Jonsson, H Wang, Q Kregsamer, P Streli, C TI Aerosol particle chemical characteristics measured from aircraft in the lower troposphere during ACE-2 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENT MARINE AEROSOL; SEA-SALT SULFATE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; MINERAL AEROSOL; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOURCE-REGIONS; AFRICAN DUST AB During the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2), filter samples were collected aboard the Center For Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Pelican aircraft near Tenerife in June and July of 1997. The flights included constant altitude measurements in the boundary layer as well as profiles up to 3800 m providing detailed chemical information about the composition of the aerosol distribution in the lower troposphere. Three cases with different air mass origins - clean marine air, anthropogenically-influenced air from the European continent, and dust-laden air from the Sahara - were identified. The samples were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) for ionic species, by combined thermal and optical analysis (TOA) for organic carbon, and by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) for elemental composition. Particle composition and size distributions For the range of air masses encountered illustrate links in the chemical and microphysical characteristics of aerosol From different sources. Clean marine air masses were characterized by low particle number and mass concentrations with no detectable metals, while anthropogenically-influenced and dust-laden air had high number, mass, and trace metal concentrations. Anthropogenic sources were characterized by high concentrations of submicron particles and some Fe and Cu, whereas dust particle loadings included a significant mass of micron-sized particles and significant loadings of Fe, in addition to small amounts of Mn, Cu, and Ni. These results showed similar tracers for air mass origin as those found in other measurements of oceanic and continental air masses. Aerosol optical properties were estimated with a simplified model of the aerosol based on the measured compositions. The real and imaginary refractive indices and single scattering albedos differed significantly among the three types of aerosol measured, with clean marine aerosol properties showing the least absorption and dust-containing aerosols showing the most. There were only small differences in optical properties for the two different cases of clean marine aerosol, but some significant differences between the two dust cases. Since measurement uncertainties affect these calculations, we studied the type of mixing and the fraction of absorbing species and found the calculation was sensitive to these variations only for the dust-containing aerosol case, probably due to the small amount of water present. While the optical properties varied little with composition for clean marine and anthropogenically-influenced cases, they showed a strong dependence on variations in particle composition and mixing state for the dust-containing cases. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Austrian Univ, Atominst, Vienna, Austria. RP Russell, LM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, A317 Engn Quadrangle, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; OI Streli, Christina/0000-0002-5141-3177 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00007.x PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316BR UT WOS:000087147900006 ER PT J AU Durkee, PA Nielsen, KE Smith, PJ Russell, PB Schmid, B Livingston, JM Holben, BN Tomasi, C Vitale, V Collins, D Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Noone, KJ Ostrom, E Gasso, S Hegg, D Russell, LM Bates, TS Quinn, PK AF Durkee, PA Nielsen, KE Smith, PJ Russell, PB Schmid, B Livingston, JM Holben, BN Tomasi, C Vitale, V Collins, D Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Noone, KJ Ostrom, E Gasso, S Hegg, D Russell, LM Bates, TS Quinn, PK TI Regional aerosol optical depth characteristics from satellite observations: ACE-1, TARFOX and ACE-2 results SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIANCES AB Analysis of the aerosol properties during 3 recent international field campaigns (ACE-1, TARFOX and ACE-2) are described using satellite retrievals from NOAA AVHRR data. Validation of the satellite retrieval procedure is performed with airborne, shipboard, and land-based sunphotometry during ACE-2. The intercomparison between satellite and surface optical depths has a correlation coefficient of 0.93 for 630 nm wavelength and 0.92 for 860 nm wave length. The standard error of estimate is 0.025 for 630 nm wavelength and 0.023 for 860 nm wavelength. Regional aerosol properties are examined in composite analysis of aerosol optical properties from the ACE-1, TARFOX and ACE-2 regions. ACE-1 and ACE-2 regions have strong modes in the distribution of optical depth around 0.1, but the ACE-2 tails toward higher values yielding an average of 0.16 consistent with pollution and dust aerosol intrusions. The TARFOX region has a noticeable mode of 0.2, but has significant spread of aerosol optical depth values consistent with the varied continental aerosol constituents off the eastern North American Coast. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94122 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FISBAT, Bologna, Italy. RP Durkee, PA (reprint author), 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Durkee@nps.navy.mil RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 484 EP 497 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00040.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316BR UT WOS:000087147900022 ER PT J AU Collins, DR Jonsson, HH Seinfeld, JH Flagan, RC Gasso, S Hegg, DA Russell, PB Schmid, B Livingston, JM Ostrom, E Noone, KJ Russell, LM Putaud, JP AF Collins, DR Jonsson, HH Seinfeld, JH Flagan, RC Gasso, S Hegg, DA Russell, PB Schmid, B Livingston, JM Ostrom, E Noone, KJ Russell, LM Putaud, JP TI In situ aerosol-size distributions and clear-column radiative closure during ACE-2 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRATOCUMULUS TRANSITION EXPERIMENT; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAS-EXCHANGE; ATLANTIC; NEPHELOMETER; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES AB As part of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) during June and July of 1997, aerosol-size distributions were measured on board the CIRPAS Pelican aircraft through the use of a DMA and 2 OPCs. During the campaign, the boundary-layer aerosol typically possessed characteristics representative of a background marine aerosol or a continentally influenced aerosol, while the free-tropospheric aerosol was characterized by the presence or absence of a Saharan dust layer. A range of radiative closure comparisons were made using the data obtained during vertical profiles flown on 4 missions. Of particular interest here are the comparisons made between the optical properties as determined through the use of measured aerosol-size distributions and those measured directly by an airborne 14-wavelength sunphotometer and 3 nephelometers. Variations in the relative humidity associated with each of the direct measurements required consideration of the hygroscopic properties of the aerosol for size-distribution-based calculations. Simultaneous comparison with such a wide range of directly-measured optical parameters not only offers evidence of the validity of the physicochemical description of the aerosol when closure is achieved, but also provides insight into potential sources of error when some or all of the comparisons result in disagreement. Agreement between the derived and directly-measured optical properties varied for different measurements and for different cases. Averaged over the 4 case studies, the derived extinction coefficient at 525 nm exceeded that measured by the sunphotometer by 2.5% in the clean boundary layer, but underestimated measurements by 13% during pollution events. For measurements within the free troposphere, the mean derived extinction coefficient was 3.3% and 17% less than that measured by the sunphotometer during dusty and non-dusty conditions, respectively. Likewise, averaged discrepancies between the derived and measured scattering coefficient were -9.6%, +4.7%, +17%, and -41% for measurements within the clean boundary layer, polluted boundary layer, free troposphere with a dust layer, and free troposphere without a dust layer, respectively. Each of these quantities, as well as the majority of the > 100 individual comparisons from which they were averaged, were within estimated uncertainties. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. SRI Int, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 21-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014 OI Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018 NR 36 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 498 EP 525 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00008.x PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316BR UT WOS:000087147900023 ER PT J AU Gasso, S Hegg, DA Covert, DS Collins, D Noone, KJ Ostrom, E Schmid, B Russell, PB Livingston, JM Durkee, PA Jonsson, H AF Gasso, S Hegg, DA Covert, DS Collins, D Noone, KJ Ostrom, E Schmid, B Russell, PB Livingston, JM Durkee, PA Jonsson, H TI Influence of humidity on the aerosol scattering coefficient and its effect on the upwelling radiance during ACE-2 SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SPECTRAL RADIANCES; OPTICAL DEPTH; SATELLITE; PARTICLES; OCEAN; MODIS AB Aerosol scattering coefficients (sigma(sp)) have been measured over the ocean at different relative humidities (RH) as a Function of altitude in the region surrounding the Canary Islands during the Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) in June and July 1997. The data were collected by the University of Washington passive humidigraph (UWPH) mounted on the Pelican research aircraft. Concurrently, particle size distributions, absorption coefficients and aerosol optical depth were measured throughout 17 flights. A parameterization of sigma(sp) as a function of RH was utilized to assess the impact of aerosol hydration on the upwelling radiance (normalized to the solar constant and cosine of zenith angle). The top of the atmosphere radiance signal was simulated at wavelengths corresponding to visible and near-infrared bands of the EOS-AM ("Terra") detectors, MODIS and MISR. The UWPH measured sigma(sp) at 2 RHs, one below and the other above ambient conditions. Ambient sigma(sp) was obtained by interpolation of these 2 measurements. The data were stratified in terms of 3 types of aerosols: Saharan dust, clean marine (marine boundary layer background) and polluted marine aerosols (i.e., 2- or 1-day old polluted aerosols advected from Europe). An empirical relation for the dependence of sigma(sp) on RH, defined by sigma(sp) (RH) = k. (1 - RH/100)(-gamma), was used with the hygroscopic exponent gamma derived from the data. The following gamma values were obtained for the 3 aerosol types: gamma(dust) = 0.23 +/- 0.05, gamma(clean marine) = 0.69 +/- 0.06 and gamma(polluted marine) = 0.57 +/- 0.06. Based on the measured gamma's, the above equation was utilized to derive aerosol models with different hygroscopicities. The satellite simulation signal code 6S was used to compute the upwelling radiance corresponding to each of those aerosol models at several ambient humidities. For the prelaunch estimated precision of the sensors and the assumed viewing geometry of the instrument, the simulations suggest that the spectral and angular dependence of the reflectance measured by MISR is not sufficient to distinguish aerosol models with various different combinations of values for dry composition, gamma and ambient RH. A similar behavior is observed for MODIS at visible wavelengths. However, the 2100 nm band of MODIS appears to be able to differentiate between at least same aerosol models with different aerosol hygroscopicity given the MODIS calibration error requirements. This result suggests the possibility of retrieval of aerosol hygroscopicity by MODIS. C1 Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Gasso, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014 OI Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018 NR 51 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 20 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 546 EP 567 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00055.x PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316BR UT WOS:000087147900025 ER PT J AU Schmid, B Livingston, JM Russell, PB Durkee, PA Jonsson, HH Collins, DR Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Gasso, S Hegg, DA Ostrom, E Noone, KJ Welton, EJ Voss, KJ Gordon, HR Formenti, P Andreae, MO AF Schmid, B Livingston, JM Russell, PB Durkee, PA Jonsson, HH Collins, DR Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Gasso, S Hegg, DA Ostrom, E Noone, KJ Welton, EJ Voss, KJ Gordon, HR Formenti, P Andreae, MO TI Clear-sky closure studies of lower tropospheric aerosol and water vapor during ACE-2 using airborne sunphotometer, airborne in-situ, space-borne, and ground-based measurements SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC COAST; OPTICAL DEPTH; RADIATIVE CHARACTERISTICS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SAHARAN AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; SOLAR; DUST; SENSITIVITY; ABSORPTION AB We report on clear-sky column closure experiments (CLEARCOLUMN) performed in the Canary Islands during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) in June/July 1997. We present CLEARCOLUMN results obtained by combining airborne sunphotometer and in-situ (optical particle counter, nephelometer, and absorption photometer) measurements taken aboard the Pelican aircraft, space-borne NOAA/AVHRR data and ground-based lidar and sunphotometer measurements. During both days discussed here, vertical profiles flown in cloud-free air masses revealed 3 distinctly different layers: a marine boundary layer (MBL) with varying pollution levels, an elevated dust layer, and a very clean layer between the MBL and the dust layer. A key result of this study is the achievement of closure between extinction or layer aerosol optical depth (AOD) computed from continuous in-situ aerosol size-distributions and composition and those measured with the airborne sunphotometer. In the dust, the agreement in layer AOD (lambda = 380 1060 nm) is 3-8%. In the MBL there is a tendency for the in-situ results to be slightly lower than the sunphotometer measurements (10 17% at lambda = 525 nm), but those differences are within the combined error bars of the measurements and computations. C1 Bay Area Environm Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stockholm Univ, Inst Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Schmid, B (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS-245, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM bschmid@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080; Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 NR 53 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 9 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 568 EP 593 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00009.x PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316BR UT WOS:000087147900026 ER PT J AU Livingston, JM Kapustin, VN Schmid, B Russell, PB Quinn, PK Bates, TS Durkee, PA Smith, PJ Freudenthaler, V Wiegner, M Covert, DS Gasso, S Hegg, D Collins, DR Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Vitale, V Tomasi, C AF Livingston, JM Kapustin, VN Schmid, B Russell, PB Quinn, PK Bates, TS Durkee, PA Smith, PJ Freudenthaler, V Wiegner, M Covert, DS Gasso, S Hegg, D Collins, DR Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Vitale, V Tomasi, C TI Shipboard sunphotometer measurements of aerosol optical depth spectra and columnar water vapor during ACE-2, and comparison with selected land, ship, aircraft, and satellite measurements SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATLANTIC; OCEANS AB Analyses of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and columnar water vapor (CWV) measurements acquired with NASA Ames Research Center's 6-channel Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-6) operated aboard the R/V Professor Vodyanitskiy during the 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) are discussed. Data are compared with various in situ and remote measurements for selected cases. The focus is on 10 July, when the Pelican airplane flew within 70 km of the ship near the time of a NOAA-14/AVHRR satellite overpass and AOD measurements with the 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) above the marine boundary layer (MBL) permitted calculation of AOD within the MBL from the AATS-6 measurements. A detailed column closure test is performed for MBL AOD on 10 July by comparing the AATS-6 MBL AODs with corresponding values calculated by combining shipboard particle size distribution measurements with models of hygroscopic growth and radiosonde humidity profiles (plus assumptions on the vertical profile of the dry particle size distribution and composition). Large differences (30 80% in the mid-visible) between measured and reconstructed AODs are obtained, in large part because of the high sensitivity of the closure methodology to hygroscopic growth models, which vary considerably and have not been validated over the necessary range of particle size/composition distributions. The wavelength dependence of AATS-6 AODs is compared with the corresponding dependence of aerosol extinction calculated from shipboard measurements of aerosol size distribution and of total scattering measured by a shipboard integrating nephelometer for several days. Results are highly variable, illustrating further the great difficulty of deriving column values from point measurements. AATS-6 CWV values are shown to agree well with corresponding values derived from radiosonde measurements during 8 soundings on 7 days and also with values calculated from measurements taken on 10 July with the AATS-14 and the University of Washington Passive Humidigraph aboard the Pelican. C1 SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CNR, Ist Fisbat, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Livingston, JM (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jlivingston@mail.arc.nasa.gov RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Wiegner, Matthias/F-8484-2011; Gasso, Santiago/H-9571-2014; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Gasso, Santiago/0000-0002-6872-0018; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 594 EP 619 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00045.x PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316BR UT WOS:000087147900027 ER PT J AU Welton, EJ Voss, KJ Gordon, HR Maring, H Smirnov, A Holben, B Schmid, B Livingston, JM Russell, PB Durkee, PA Formenti, P Andreae, MO AF Welton, EJ Voss, KJ Gordon, HR Maring, H Smirnov, A Holben, B Schmid, B Livingston, JM Russell, PB Durkee, PA Formenti, P Andreae, MO TI Ground-based lidar measurements of aerosols during ACE-2: instrument description, results, and comparisons with other ground-based and airborne measurements SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION PROFILES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FREE TROPOSPHERE; ATLANTIC; RATIOS; LAYER AB A micro-pulse lidar system (MPL) was used to measure the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment 2 (ACE-2) in June and July of 1997. The MPL measurements were made at the Izana observatory (IZO), a weather station located on a mountain ridge (28 degrees 18'N, 16 degrees 30'W, 2367 m asl) near the center of the island of Tenerife, Canary Islands. The MPL was used to acquire aerosol backscatter, extinction, and optical depth profiles for normal background periods and periods influenced by Saharan dust from North Africa. System tests and calibration procedures are discussed, and an analysis of aerosol optical profiles acquired during ACE-2 is presented. MPL data taken during normal IZO conditions (no dust) showed that upslope aerosols appeared during the day and dissipated at night and that the layers were mostly confined to altitudes a few hundred meters above IZO. MPL data taken during a Saharan dust episode on 17 July showed that peak aerosol extinction values were an order of magnitude greater than molecular scattering over IZO, and that the dust layers extended to 5 km asl. The value of the dust backscatter-extinction ratio was determined to be 0.027 +/- 0.007 sr(-1). Comparisons of the MPL data with data from other co-located instruments showed good agreement during the dust episode. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33143 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MAC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SRI Int, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. RP Welton, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008 OI Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925 NR 21 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 20 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 636 EP 651 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00025.x PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316BR UT WOS:000087147900029 ER PT J AU Chuang, PY Collins, DR Pawlowska, H Snider, JR Jonsson, HH Brenguier, JL Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Chuang, PY Collins, DR Pawlowska, H Snider, JR Jonsson, HH Brenguier, JL Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH TI CCN measurements during ACE-2 and their relationship to cloud microphysical properties SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION NUCLEI SPECTRA; SUMMERTIME SOUTHERN-OCEAN; AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; STRATOCUMULUS; CLIMATE; SPECTROMETER; AIRCRAFT; AIR AB Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration at 0.1% supersaturation were made onboard the CIRPAS Pelican over the northeast Atlantic during June and July, 1997, in the vicinity of Tenerife, Spain, as part of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2). The average CCN concentration (N-ccn) in the marine boundary layer for clean air masses was 27 +/- 8 and 42 +/- 14 cm(-3) for cloudy and clear conditions, respectively, consistent with measurements made near the British Isles and close to Tasmania, Australia, during ACE-1 for similar conditions. A local CCN closure experiment was conducted. Measured N-ccn is compared with predictions based on aerosol number size distributions and size-resolved chemical composition profiles determined from measurements and the literature. A sublinear relationship between measured and predicted N-ccn, N-ccn similar to N-ccn,predicted(0.51), was found. This result is consistent with some previous studies, but others have obtained results much closer to the expected 1:1 relationship between measured and predicted N-ccn. A large variability between measured and predicted N-ccn was also observed, leading to the conclusion that, for 95% of the data, the predictions agree with measurements to within a factor of 11. Relationships between below-cloud N-ccn and aerosol accumulation mode concentration, and in-cloud cloud droplet number concentration, measured onboard the Pelican and the Meteo-France Merlin-IV, respectively, are calculated For periods while the 2 aircraft were in close proximity at approximately the same time. Measured relationships are reproduced by an adiabatic parcel model, and are also consistent with some previous studies. However, the shape of the CCN spectrum, or the aerosol size distribution, and the updraft velocity are predicted by the model to affect these relationships to a significant extent. Therefore, parameterizations of cloud microphysical properties need to include these variables to accurately predict cloud droplet number concentration. A relationship between N-ccn and cloud droplet effective diameter is also calculated and shown to be consistent both with the literature and with the parameterization of effective diameter proposed by Martin et al. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Mail Code 104-44, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; PAWLOWSKA, Hanna/C-9827-2013; Snider, Jefferson/F-9175-2016 OI PAWLOWSKA, Hanna/0000-0002-5345-778X; Snider, Jefferson/0000-0002-9318-1343 NR 39 TC 59 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 15 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 843 EP 867 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00018.x PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 316BR UT WOS:000087147900041 ER PT J AU Hurley, CK Maiers, M Ng, J Wagage, D Hegland, J Baisch, J Endres, R Fernandez-Vina, M Heine, U Hsu, S Kamoun, M Mitsuishi, Y Monos, D Noreen, H Perlee, L Rodriguez-Marino, S Smith, A Stastny, P Trucco, M Yang, SY Yu, N Holsten, R Hartzman, RJ Setterholm, M AF Hurley, CK Maiers, M Ng, J Wagage, D Hegland, J Baisch, J Endres, R Fernandez-Vina, M Heine, U Hsu, S Kamoun, M Mitsuishi, Y Monos, D Noreen, H Perlee, L Rodriguez-Marino, S Smith, A Stastny, P Trucco, M Yang, SY Yu, N Holsten, R Hartzman, RJ Setterholm, M TI Large-scale DNA-based typing of HLA-A and HLA-B at low resolution is highly accurate specific and reliable SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE HLA-A; HLA-B; polymerase chain reaction; sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing; sequence-specific primer typing; bone marrow registry ID ALLELES; POPULATION; HLA-DQB1; GENES; DQB1; PCR; IEF AB DNA-based typing of HLA class I alleles of the HLA-A and HLA-B loci using sequence-specific oligonucleotide primers and/or probes has been used for the large-scale typing of individuals for the National Marrow Donor Program(R) unrelated donor registry. Typing was performed by 16 laboratories at a low level of resolution (e.g. A*01, B*07). The results of blinded quality control analysis for the first 12 months of the project show the typing to be highly accurate, specific and reliable. The total error rare based on 11,545 HLA-A and 11,428 HLA-B assignments was 1.1% for HLA-A and 1.9% for HLA-B. This level of accuracy is particularly remarkable because the quality control samples could not be distinguished from 64,180 donor samples tested at the same time by the laboratories. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. GeneScreen Inc, Dallas, TX USA. Blood Syst Labs, Tempe, AZ USA. Univ Maryland, Amer Red Cross, Histocompatibil Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Lab Corp Amer Holdings, Burlington, NC USA. Red Cross Penn Jersey Reg, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Tissue Typing Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Minnesota, Fairview Med Ctr, Histocompatibil Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. Lifecodes Corp, Stamford, CT USA. Immunol Associates Denver, Denver, CO USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Amer Red Cross, Blood Serv, Dedham, MA USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. OI Maiers, Martin/0000-0002-0198-2064 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD APR PY 2000 VL 55 IS 4 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550409.x PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 313UR UT WOS:000087018100009 PM 10852387 ER PT J AU Ellis, J Steiner, N Kosman, C Henson, V Mitton, W Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Ellis, J Steiner, N Kosman, C Henson, V Mitton, W Koester, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Seventeen more novel HLA-A locus alleles SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE SSOP; DNA sequencing; HLA-A locus AB This paper describes seventeen novel HLA-A locus alleles: A*0106, *0235, *0236, *0237, *1105, *2302, *2303, *24032, *2422, *2424, *2503, *2613, *3007, *3203, *3204, *6809 and *6810. All alleles were identified due to unexpected probe reaction patterns during routine SSOP typing. Exons 2 and 3 of these alleles were subsequently characterized by DNA sequencing. The alleles represent a shuffling of sequence motifs, likely by interallelic conversion, expanding the diversity of the HLA system. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Program, Kensington, MD USA. Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Res Bldg Room E404,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD APR PY 2000 VL 55 IS 4 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550412.x PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 313UR UT WOS:000087018100012 PM 10852390 ER PT J AU Karle, IL Das, C Balaram, P AF Karle, IL Das, C Balaram, P TI De novo protein design: Crystallographic characterization of a synthetic peptide containing independent helical and hairpin domains SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; BETA-SHEET; HEPTAPEPTIDE; MODEL; STABILITY; CRYSTALS; MIMICS; TURNS AB The Meccano (or Lego) set approach to synthetic protein design envisages covalent assembly of prefabricated units of peptide secondary structure. Stereochemical control over peptide folding is achieved by incorporation of conformationally constrained residues like alpha-aminoisobutyric: acid (Aib) or DPro that nucleate helical and beta-hairpin structures, respectively. The generation of a synthetic: sequence containing both a helix and a hairpin is achieved in the peptide BH17, Boc-Val-Ara-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Gly-Gly-Phe-Val-DPro-Gly-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (where Boc is t-butoxycarbonyl), as demonstrated by a crystal structure determination. The achiral -Gly-Gly- linker permits helix termination as a Schellman motif and extension to the strand segment of the hairpin. Structure parameters for C89H143N17O20. 2H(2)O are space group P2(1), a 14.935(7) Angstrom, b=18.949(6)Angstrom, c=19.231(8)Angstrom, beta=101.79(4)degrees, Z= 2, agreement factor R-1 = 8.50% for 4,862 observed reflections > 4 sigma(F), and resolution of;approximate to 0.98 Angstrom. C1 USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Mol Biophys Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Karle, IL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Code 6030, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30902, R01 GM030902, R37 GM030902] NR 32 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 28 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 7 BP 3034 EP 3037 DI 10.1073/pnas.070042697 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 299JK UT WOS:000086195200016 PM 10725396 ER PT J AU Snow, ES Jernigan, GG Campbell, PM AF Snow, ES Jernigan, GG Campbell, PM TI The kinetics and mechanism of scanned probe oxidation of Si SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; HYDROGEN-PASSIVATED SILICON; LOCAL OXIDATION; NANOFABRICATION; FABRICATION AB We report measurements of the kinetics of scanned probe oxidation under conditions of high humidity and pulsed bias. For a hydrophobic Si surface the oxidation rate for short pulse times (similar to 10 ms) is controlled by the density of H2O molecules in the ambient humidity surrounding the tip-sample interface. At longer pulse times (similar to 0.1 s) liquid H2O bridges this interface and the maximum oxidation rate increases by a factor of similar to 10(4) because of the increased density of H2O molecules. We propose that the rate-limiting step of the oxidation process is the production of O anions from the ambient humidity. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04013-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Snow, ES (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 91 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 13 BP 1782 EP 1784 DI 10.1063/1.126166 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 295KH UT WOS:000085964900048 ER PT J AU Massie, ST Tie, XX Brasseur, GP Bevilacqua, RM Fromm, MD Santee, ML AF Massie, ST Tie, XX Brasseur, GP Bevilacqua, RM Fromm, MD Santee, ML TI Chlorine activation during the early 1995-1996 Arctic winter SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; OZONE DEPLETION; SULFURIC-ACID; UARS; VORTEX; HCL; CLONO2; HNO3; TEMPERATURES AB The coupling of temperature, aerosol area density, and chlorine activation is studied by comparing values from a three-dimensional chemical transport model with observed temperature, aerosol area density, and ClO data in the Arctic for the time period December I, 1995, to January 9, 1996. The three-dimensional model uses United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) winds and temperatures, run on pressure surfaces between 316 and 0.31 hPa, and the model results are examined at 100, bs, 46, 31, and 21 hPa, Radiosonde values are compared to individual UKMO temperature values to assess the impact of model temperature errors upon heterogeneous chemistry reaction probabilities. Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM II) aerosol extinction values are transformed into area density values and compared to model daily averaged time trends. The model is run with gas phase chemistry only, gas phase plus sulfate aerosol chemistry, and the case where gas phase, sulfate aerosol, and polar stratospheric cloud reactions are active. Results from these calculations are used to examine the sensitivity of chlorine activation to temperature biases, area density uncertainties, and the effects of the reaction paths OH + ClO --> HCl + O-2 (4% yield) and HO2 + ClO --> HCl + O-3 (4% yield). Sulfate aerosol is demonstrated to be very effective in activating chlorine in the Arctic polar vortex. Time trends of five-day averages of model and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) version 4 ClO over extended regions inside and outside the vortex at 21 and 46 hPa agree within the experimental error. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Massie, ST (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM massie@ncar.ucar.edu RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010 NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D6 BP 7111 EP 7131 DI 10.1029/1999JD901035 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297QW UT WOS:000086095000005 ER PT J AU Hellberg, CS Manousakis, E AF Hellberg, CS Manousakis, E TI Comment on "stripes and the t-J model" Hellberg and Manousakis reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, MARTECH, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Hellberg, CS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hellberg, C. Stephen/E-5391-2010 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 13 BP 3022 EP 3022 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3022 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 297BQ UT WOS:000086062000065 ER PT J AU Sakamuri, S George, C Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP AF Sakamuri, S George, C Flippen-Anderson, J Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis of novel spirocyclic cocaine analogs using the Suzuki coupling SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACID METHYL-ESTERS; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; HIGH-AFFINITY; INHIBITION; BINDING; SITES AB Novel spirocyclic cocaine analogs were synthesized by employing the Suzuki coupling of ortho-substituted arylboronic acids and an enol triflate derived from cocaine. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Cognit & Computat Sci, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Cognit & Computat Sci, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAR 27 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2055 EP 2058 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)00113-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 302GY UT WOS:000086358400007 ER PT J AU Bartlett, B Valdisera, J Russell, JN AF Bartlett, B Valdisera, J Russell, JN TI Toward vapor deposition polymerization of polycyanurates: Photocatalyzed reactions of phenyl cyanate on Al(111). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Funct Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 322-COLL BP U561 EP U561 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103015 ER PT J AU Cheon, KS Selinger, JV Green, MM AF Cheon, KS Selinger, JV Green, MM TI Designing a helical polymer that reverses handedness at a selected, continuously variable temperature. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Polytech Univ, Six Metrotech Ctr, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 451-POLY BP U423 EP U423 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202399 ER PT J AU Clark, M Tauheed, A Marshall, J Jordan-Starck, T AF Clark, M Tauheed, A Marshall, J Jordan-Starck, T TI Site-directed mutagenesis of a complement-inhibitory domain in clusterin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Xavier Univ, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70125 USA. Off Naval Res, Model Inst Excellence Program, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 617-CHED BP U387 EP U387 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102008 ER PT J AU Daniel, AL Friedli, AC Dressick, WJ Wang, ZJ AF Daniel, AL Friedli, AC Dressick, WJ Wang, ZJ TI Thin-film properties of dimethylchlorosilanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 549-CHED BP U377 EP U378 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101940 ER PT J AU Davis, WM Costanza, J AF Davis, WM Costanza, J TI Rapid on-site determination of volatile organic compounds in groundwater and soil using direct push sampling/direct sampling ton-trap mass spectrometry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, CEWWS ES P, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93044 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 237-ANYL BP U120 EP U120 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100550 ER PT J AU Deng, G Markowitz, MA Gaber, BP AF Deng, G Markowitz, MA Gaber, BP TI Adsorption of organophosphorus compounds with molecular-imprinted silica particles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr BioMol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 249-COLL BP U549 EP U549 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102942 ER PT J AU Dulcey, CS Kusel, JK Shenoy, DK Beresnev, L Shashidhar, R AF Dulcey, CS Kusel, JK Shenoy, DK Beresnev, L Shashidhar, R TI Cinnamoyl functional organosilane monolayers for photoalignment of liquid crystals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 19-COLL BP U504 EP U504 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102715 ER PT J AU Elam, WT Unsell, CW AF Elam, WT Unsell, CW TI Cone penetrometer XRF sensor for in situ analysis of heavy metals in soils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 235-ANYL BP U120 EP U120 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100548 ER PT J AU Foos, EE Berry, AD Snow, AW Stroud, RM Armistead, JP AF Foos, EE Berry, AD Snow, AW Stroud, RM Armistead, JP TI Preparation of nanocrystalline bismuth in reverse micelles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 405-INOR BP U832 EP U832 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246104539 ER PT J AU Gladfelter, WL Jegier, JA Purdy, AP McKernan, S AF Gladfelter, WL Jegier, JA Purdy, AP McKernan, S TI Use of ammonothermal techniques in the syntheses of poly(imidogallanes)s, nanocrystalline GaN, and cubic GaN. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Interfacial Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 388-INOR BP U830 EP U830 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246104522 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Kim, JK Kim, DY Kim, CY AF Kim, OK Kim, JK Kim, DY Kim, CY TI Molecularly tuned light-emitting chromophores with D-pi-D and D-pi-A sequences and DTT as pi-center. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Polymer Mat Lab, Seoul 130650, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 533-POLY BP U445 EP U445 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202481 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Woo, HY Heuer, WB Kim, KS Lee, KS AF Kim, OK Woo, HY Heuer, WB Kim, KS Lee, KS TI Electronic/photonic property modulations of D-pi-D (A) chromophores by DTT as pi-center. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 372-POLY BP U411 EP U411 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202321 ER PT J AU Kolega, RR Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Uyeda, HT Therien, M Herman, WN AF Kolega, RR Lindsay, GA Roberts, MJ Uyeda, HT Therien, M Herman, WN TI Multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett porphyrin films for second-order nonlinear optics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Electro Opt Sensors Branch, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 415-POLY BP U418 EP U418 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202364 ER PT J AU McClean, RE AF McClean, RE TI Depletion kinetics of chromium atoms by sulfur dioxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 206-PHYS BP U308 EP U308 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201665 ER PT J AU Meador, MA Auping, JV Moeller, MN Yan, S AF Meador, MA Auping, JV Moeller, MN Yan, S TI Excited-state charge-transfer in donor/acceptor substituted benzofurans. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Div Mat, Polymers Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Environm Durabil Branch, Div Mat, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 853-ORGN BP U239 EP U239 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201331 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM AF Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM TI Carbohydrate-derived aircraft deicing compounds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GEO Ctr Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20749 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 147-ENVR BP U641 EP U641 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103482 ER PT J AU O'Connor, SM Shaffer, KM Ma, W Stenger, DA AF O'Connor, SM Shaffer, KM Ma, W Stenger, DA TI 3-D cultures of primary neural cells for tissue-based biosensor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 31-TOXI BP U477 EP U477 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102576 ER PT J AU Peiris, SM Russell, TP AF Peiris, SM Russell, TP TI Synthesis of nitrogen materials using photolysis of sodium azide at pressure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, High Energy Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 125-PHYS BP U286 EP U286 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201584 ER PT J AU Peiris, SM Russell, TP Balzaretti, NM Gonzalez, EJ Piermarini, GJ AF Peiris, SM Russell, TP Balzaretti, NM Gonzalez, EJ Piermarini, GJ TI High-pressure resistive-heating technique for gem anvil cells. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, High Energy Mat Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. UFRGS, Inst Fis, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Balzaretti, Naira/L-3417-2014 OI Balzaretti, Naira/0000-0003-2797-8618 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 473-PHYS BP U348 EP U348 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201931 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Hwang, A AF Purdy, AP Hwang, A TI Ammonothermal crystal growth of cubic and hexagonal GaN in the presence of other metals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 597-INOR BP U862 EP U862 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246104730 ER PT J AU Purdy, AP Hwang, A AF Purdy, AP Hwang, A TI Effect of experimental conditions on the ammonothermal crystal growth of cubic GaN. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 389-INOR BP U830 EP U830 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246104523 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Herman, WN AF Roberts, MJ Herman, WN TI Improving chromophore order in nonlinear optical films formed by alternating polyelectrolyte deposition. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr Weapons Div, Electro Opt Sensors Branch, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 417-COLL BP U576 EP U576 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103110 ER PT J AU Roland, CM Leon, C Ngai, KL Robertson, CG AF Roland, CM Leon, C Ngai, KL Robertson, CG TI Primary and secondary relaxations in polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 17-RUBB BP U512 EP U512 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202868 ER PT J AU Russell, JN Hovis, JS Hamers, RJ Wang, GT Bent, SF D'Evelyn, MP Butler, JE AF Russell, JN Hovis, JS Hamers, RJ Wang, GT Bent, SF D'Evelyn, MP Butler, JE TI Infrared studies of hydrogen on diamond (100). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. GE, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 339-COLL BP U564 EP U564 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103032 ER PT J AU Russell, TP Ladouceur, HD Pangilinan, GI AF Russell, TP Ladouceur, HD Pangilinan, GI TI Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of materials at static high pressures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 476-PHYS BP U348 EP U348 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201933 ER PT J AU Schenkman, JB Jansson, L Boussaad, S Tao, N Lvov, Y Rusling, JF AF Schenkman, JB Jansson, L Boussaad, S Tao, N Lvov, Y Rusling, JF TI Use of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonators for the study of interactions between cytochrome P450 redox components. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pharmacol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USN, Res Lab, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 445-INOR BP U838 EP U838 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246104579 ER PT J AU Schull, TL Brandow, SL Chen, MS Dulcey, CS Dressick, WJ AF Schull, TL Brandow, SL Chen, MS Dulcey, CS Dressick, WJ TI Fabrication of patterned surface-reactive templates using physisorption of reactive species in solvent-imprinted nanocavities. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 74-COLL BP U513 EP U513 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102770 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV AF Selinger, JV TI Theory of chiral order in polymers and lipid microstructures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 68-PHYS BP U277 EP U278 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201527 ER PT J AU Selinger, JV Xu, JL Selinger, RLB Ratna, BR Shashidhar, R AF Selinger, JV Xu, JL Selinger, RLB Ratna, BR Shashidhar, R TI Theory of chiral modulations and fluctuations in smectic-A liquid crystals under an electric field. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 301-PHYS BP U323 EP U323 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201760 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Saavedra, JE Ji, XH Flippen-Anderson, J Pal, A Hu, X Singh, SV Keefer, LK AF Srinivasan, A Saavedra, JE Ji, XH Flippen-Anderson, J Pal, A Hu, X Singh, SV Keefer, LK TI Glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed nitric-oxide generation from an O-2-aryl diazeniumdiolate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Chem Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, IRSP, SAIC, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Program Struct Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mercy Hosp, Canc Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 87-TOXI BP U487 EP U487 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246102630 ER PT J AU Wahl, KJ AF Wahl, KJ TI Nanoscale surface mechanical properties of polymer thin films and organic monolayers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, R J Colton Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 359-COLL BP U567 EP U567 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103052 ER PT J AU Whitman, LJ AF Whitman, LJ TI Structure and chemistry of high-index Si and Ge surfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Whitman, Lloyd/G-9320-2011 OI Whitman, Lloyd/0000-0002-3117-1174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 377-COLL BP U570 EP U570 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103070 ER PT J AU Wynne, KJ Armistead, JP AF Wynne, KJ Armistead, JP TI Prospective view of naval polymer science. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Res Off, Div Phys Sci 331, Arlington, VA 22044 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 12-MACR BP U543 EP U543 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246203033 ER PT J AU Robarge, MJ Agoston, GE Izenwasser, S Kopajtic, T George, C Katz, JL Newman, AH AF Robarge, MJ Agoston, GE Izenwasser, S Kopajtic, T George, C Katz, JL Newman, AH TI Highly selective chiral N-substituted 3 alpha-[bis(4 '-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane analogues for the dopamine transporter: Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAINS; ACID METHYL-ESTERS; MONOAMINE TRANSPORTERS; UPTAKE INHIBITORS; COCAINE BINDING; CLONING; POTENT; COMFA; EXPRESSION; QSAR AB In a continuing effort to further characterize the role of the dopamine transporter in the pharmacological effects of cocaine, a series of chiral and achiral N-substituted analogues of 3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane (5) has been prepared as potential selective dopamine transporter ligands. These novel compounds displaced [H-3]WIN 35,428 binding from the dopamine transporter in rat caudate putamen with K-i values ranging from 13.9 to 477 nM. Previously, it was reported that 5 demonstrated a significantly higher affinity for the dopamine transporter than the parent drug, 3 alpha-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane (3; benztropine). However, 5 remained nonselective over muscarinic mi receptors (dopamine transporter, K-i = 11.8 nM; m(1), K-i = 11.6 nM) which could potentially confound the interpretation of behavioral data, for this compound and other members of this series. Thus, significant effort has been directed toward developing analogues that retain high affinity at the dopamine transporter but have decreased affinity at muscarinic sites. Recently, it was discovered that by replacing the N-methyl group of 5 with the phenyl-n-butyl substituent (6) retention of high binding affinity at the dopamine transporter (K-i = 8.51 nM) while decreasing affinity at muscarinic receptors (K-i = 576 nM) was achieved, resulting in 68-fold selectivity. In the present series, a further improvement in the selectivity for the dopamine transporter was accomplished, with the chiral analogue (S)N-(2-amino-3-methyl-n-butyl)-3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane(10b) showing a 136-fold selectivity for the dopamine transporter versus muscarinic mi receptors (K-i = 29.5 nM versus K-i = 4020 nM, respectively). In addition, a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model was derived to correlate the binding affinities of all the N-substituted 3 alpha-[bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane analogues that we have prepared with their 3D-structural features. The best model (q(2) = 0.746) was used to accurately predict binding affinities of compounds in the training set and in a test set. The CoMFA coefficient contour plot for this model, which provides a visual representation of the chemical environment of the binding domain of the dopamine transporter, can now be used to design and/or predict the binding affinities of novel drugs within this class of dopamine uptake inhibitors. C1 NIDA, Med Chem Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NIDA, Psychobiol Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Newman, AH (reprint author), NIDA, Med Chem Sect, Intramural Res Program, NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RI Izenwasser, Sari/G-9193-2012 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA09045] NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1093 DI 10.1021/jm990265s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 296ZD UT WOS:000086055900006 PM 10737741 ER PT J AU Tamiz, AP Zhang, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL Zhang, M Johnson, KM Deschaux, O Tella, S Kozikowski, AP AF Tamiz, AP Zhang, JR Flippen-Anderson, JL Zhang, M Johnson, KM Deschaux, O Tella, S Kozikowski, AP TI Further SAR studies of piperidine-based analogues of cocaine. 2. Potent dopamine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORTER; BINDING; ANTAGONISTS; FLUOXETINE; BUPROPION AB The synthesis and monoamine transporter activity of additional members of a series of 3,4-disubstituted piperidines (truncated analogues of the WIN series) are described. All members of this series were prepared from arecoline hydrobromide in optically pure form and were evaluated for their ability to inhibit high affinity uptake of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) into rat brain nerve endings (synaptosomes). Most of the compounds prepared in this series are reasonably potent DAT inhibitors (K-i values of 4-400 nM) and have selectivity for the 5-HT transporter relative to both the NE transporter (3-9-fold) and to the DAT (approximate to 25-fold). In the present series, (-)-methyl 1-methyl-4 beta-(2-naphthyl)piperidine-3 beta-carboxylate (6) was found to be the most potent piperidine-based ligand, exhibiting K-i's of 21 nM and 7.6 nM at the DAT and 5-HTT, respectively. While the 5-HTT activity of compound 6 is comparable to that of the antidepressant medication fluoxetine, it is less selective. As is apparent from the data presented, the naphthyl substituted piperidines 6-9, which differ in their stereochemistry, show different degrees of selectivity for the three transporters. Consistent with results reported in the literature for the tropane analogues, removal of the methyl group from the nitrogen atom of 9 leads to a further enhancement in 5-HTT activity. To examine the in vivo effects of these piperidines, preliminary behavioral screening was carried out on piperidine 14. Despite its 2.5-fold greater DAT activity compared to cocaine, piperidine 14 was found to be about 2.5-fold less potent in increasing distance traveled in mice. However, consistent with its DAT activity, piperidine 14 was found to be about 2.5-fold more potent than cocaine in enhancing stereotypic movements. Further studies of these piperidine-based ligands may provide valuable insights into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the enhancement in distance traveled versus stereotypic movements. The present results have important implications for better understanding the structural motifs required in the design of agents with specific potency and selectivity at monoamine transporters. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Cognit & Computat Sci, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20275 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Cognit & Computat Sci, Drug Discovery Program, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Johnson, Kenneth/E-7944-2014 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA10458] NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAR 23 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1222 DI 10.1021/jm9905561 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 296ZD UT WOS:000086055900019 PM 10737754 ER PT J AU McDaniel, JG Dupont, P Salvino, L AF McDaniel, JG Dupont, P Salvino, L TI A wave approach to estimating frequency-dependent damping under transient loading SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB A wave model is proposed for estimating damping loss factor as a function of frequency for a beam with arbitrary transient loading applied through the boundary conditions. In contrast to modal methods which provide measures of damping only at the modal frequencies of the test structure, the damping factor is determined over discrete, but regularly spaced, frequency values associated with the temporal sampling frequency. This makes it possible to predict or simulate damping in complex structures built from the tested component. Numerical and experimental data from a free-free beam are used to validate the approach. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP McDaniel, JG (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI Dupont, Pierre/0000-0001-7294-640X NR 5 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 23 PY 2000 VL 231 IS 2 BP 433 EP 449 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1999.2723 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 301BX UT WOS:000086289200009 ER PT J AU Li, J Schuster, GB Cheon, KS Green, MM Selinger, JV AF Li, J Schuster, GB Cheon, KS Green, MM Selinger, JV TI Switching a helical polymer between mirror images using circularly polarized light SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR STEREOCHEMISTRY; CONFORMATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; CHIRAL SOLVATION; OPTICAL-ROTATION; POLYISOCYANATES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTORESOLUTION; AMPLIFICATION; PHOTOTRIGGERS AB A system has been created in which chiral information inherent in circularly polarized light can be used to influence the helical sense characteristics of a polymer. A racemic mixture of a photoresolvable ketone containing group was appended through different linkage patterns to a polymer having dynamically interconverting equal populations of left- and right-handed helical backbone conformations. Irradiation with circularly polarized light in the ketone's chromophore gave rise to easily measurable circular dichroism signals in the polymer backbone helix, which changed sign with a change in the sense of the circularly polarized light. This demonstrates that the small enantiomeric excess produced by the irradiation, even diluted with large proportions of achiral pendants, is capable of enforcing a disproportionate excess of one helical sense in the polymer. The results, expressed as optical activity as a function of the degree of polymerization, could be analyzed using an approximate solution of a one-dimensional quenched random-field Ising model. The experimental data were fit to the theory and demonstrated a crossover between statistical and thermal randomness in the response of the helical sense to the chiral information generated by the light. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schuster, GB (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 49 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 11 BP 2603 EP 2612 DI 10.1021/ja993290w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 296ZT UT WOS:000086057200025 ER PT J AU Heiney, PA Gruneberg, K Fang, JY Dulcey, C Shashidhar, R AF Heiney, PA Gruneberg, K Fang, JY Dulcey, C Shashidhar, R TI Structure and growth of chromophore-functionalized (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane self-assembled on silicon SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GAMMA-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE; CROSS-POLARIZATION; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; SURFACE; GEL; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION AB We have used X-ray reflectivity, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize self-assembled films of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APS) functionalized with a photosensitive chromophore. Using the evolution of film thickness with time devoted to initial APS adsorption on the surface, we obtain a model for the structure and growth dynamics of the film. C1 USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Heiney, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Geocenters Inc, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 21 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2651 EP 2657 DI 10.1021/la990557w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 295TT UT WOS:000085984500035 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD AF Bottcher, M Dermer, CD TI Early gamma-ray burst afterglows from relativistic blast waves in general radiative regimes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; X-rays : bursts; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; COSMIC FIREBALLS; REDSHIFT; EMISSION AB We present simple analytical expressions for the predicted spectral and temporal behavior of the early afterglow radiation from gamma-ray bursts in radiative regimes intermediate between the adiabatic and the fully radiative solutions of the blast-wave hydrodynamic equations. Our expressions are valid as long as the relativistic electrons responsible for the observed synchrotron emission are in the fast-cooling regime and the blast wave is relativistic. We show that even a slight deviation from a perfectly adiabatic evolution results in significant changes of the temporal characteristics of the afterglow emission. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2000 VL 532 IS 1 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1086/308580 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 301VF UT WOS:000086330400025 ER PT J AU Sterling, AC Hudson, HS Thompson, BJ Zarro, DM AF Sterling, AC Hudson, HS Thompson, BJ Zarro, DM TI Yohkoh SXT and SOHO EIT observations of sigmoid-to-arcade evolution of structures associated with halo coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission; Sun : UV radiation; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID EARTH CONNECTION EVENT; X-RAY TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; RADIO EMISSIONS; JANUARY 1997; SOLAR-FLARES; FILAMENT; DISTURBANCES AB A subset of the solar-disk counterparts to halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) displays an evolution in soft X-rays (SXR) that is characterized by a preflare S-shaped structure, dubbed a "sigmoid," which evolves into a postflare cusp or arcade. We examine the morphological properties of the evolution of sigmoids into cusps and arcades for four such regions associated with SXR flares, using the Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT) on the Yohkoh satellite and the EW Imaging Telescope (EIT) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite. Most of our EIT observations are with the 1.5 MIG. 195 Angstrom Fe XII channel. At most, there is only a weak counterpart to the SXR sigmoid in the preflare 195 Angstrom EUV images, indicating that the preflare sigmoid has a temperature greater than 1.5 MK. While mon identifiable than in the 195 Angstrom channel, a clear preflare sigmoid is also not observed in the 2.0 ME: EIT 284 Angstrom Fe XV channel. During the time of the flare, however, an EUV sigmoid brightens near the location of the SXR preflare sigmoid. Initially the SXR sigmoid lies along a magnetic neutral line. As the SXR flare progresses, new held lines appear with orientation normal to the neutral line and with footpoints rooted in regions of opposite polarity; these footpoints are different from those of the preflare sigmoid. The cusp structures in SXRs develop from these newly ignited held lines. In EIT images, the EW sigmoid broadens as the flare progresses, forming an arcade beneath the SXR cusp. Our findings are consistent with a standard picture in which the origin of the hare and CME is caused by the eruption of a filament-like feature, with the stretching of held lines producing a cusp. We infer that the cusp-producing fields may be overlying the sigmoid fields in the preflare phase, but we do not directly observe such preflare overlying fields. C1 Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Solar Phys Res Corp, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SM&A, Syst Solut Grp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sterling, AC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, SD50, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 53 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2000 VL 532 IS 1 BP 628 EP 647 DI 10.1086/308554 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 301VF UT WOS:000086330400055 ER PT J AU Kostoff, RN AF Kostoff, RN TI Bypassing peer review SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kostoff, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM kostofr@onr.navy.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LABX MEDIA GROUP PI MIDLAND PA PO BOX 216, 478 BAY ST, MIDLAND, ONTARIO L4R 1K9, CANADA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD MAR 20 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 295LT UT WOS:000085968200006 ER PT J AU Braier, NC Jishi, RA AF Braier, NC Jishi, RA TI Density functional studies of Cu2+ and Ni2+ binding to chitosan SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; oligosaccharide; chitosan binding site; copper coordination ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SITES AB Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the biopolymer chitosan interacting with transition metals Cu2+ and Ni2+ are presented. The DFT calculations explored divalent transition metal coordination structures by optimizing disaccharide-transition metal complexes. Results indicate that transition metal coordination to the chitosan biopolymer takes place in the vicinity of the glycosidic oxygen and includes interactions with nitrogen and hydroxyl oxygen atoms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Braier, NC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6189, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD MAR 17 PY 2000 VL 499 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(99)00288-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 295YQ UT WOS:000085996600005 ER PT J AU Sastry, SML Mahapatra, RN Hasson, DF AF Sastry, SML Mahapatra, RN Hasson, DF TI Microstructural refinement of Ti-44Al-11Nb by severe plastic deformation SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE extrusion; transmission electron microscopy; compounds; intermetallic; recrystallization and recovery; severe plastic deformation ID ALLOY C1 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Aircraft Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sastry, SML (reprint author), Washington Univ, Campus Box 1185, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR 17 PY 2000 VL 42 IS 7 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00418-2 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 300ZH UT WOS:000086283300016 ER PT J AU Le, TP Coonan, KM Hedstrom, RC Charoenvit, Y Sedegah, M Epstein, JE Kumar, S Wang, RB Doolan, DL Maguire, JD Parker, SE Hobart, P Norman, J Hoffman, SL AF Le, TP Coonan, KM Hedstrom, RC Charoenvit, Y Sedegah, M Epstein, JE Kumar, S Wang, RB Doolan, DL Maguire, JD Parker, SE Hobart, P Norman, J Hoffman, SL TI Safety, tolerability and humoral immune responses after intramuscular administration of a malaria DNA vaccine to healthy adult volunteers SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; malaria; clinical trial ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL-WALL SKELETON; PLASMID DNA; ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION AB DNA-based vaccines are considered to be potentially revolutionary due to their ease of production, low cost, long shelf life, lack of requirement for a cold chain and ability to induce good T-cell responses. Twenty healthy adult volunteers were enrolled in a Phase I safety and tolerability clinical study of a DNA vaccine encoding a malaria antigen. Volunteers received 3 intramuscular injections of one of four different dosages (20, 100, 500 and 2500 mu g) of the Plasmoditum falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) plasmid DNA at monthly intervals and were followed for up to twelve months. Local reactogenicity and systemic symptoms were few and mild. There were no severe or serious adverse events, clinically significant biochemical or hematologic changes, or detectable anti-dsDNA antibodies. Despite induction of excellent CTL responses, intramuscular DNA vaccination via needle injection failed to induce detectable antigen-specific antibodies in any of the volunteers. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Vical Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 36 TC 167 Z9 174 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR 17 PY 2000 VL 18 IS 18 BP 1893 EP 1901 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00407-7 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 294EQ UT WOS:000085898700003 PM 10699338 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Xu, G Shi, Z AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR Xu, G Shi, Z TI Lead-salt vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers operating at lambda=4.5-4.6 mu m with optical pumping SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB With optical pumping, a lead salt vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser has been operated at wavelengths in the 4.50-4.60 mu m range at temperatures up to T = 289 K. For a 60 mu m x 90 mu m pump spot, a device with a PbSe active region and Pb1-xSrxSe/BaF2 quarter-wave mirror stacks was realised which had an unsaturated peak output power of 38mW at 249K. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 6 BP 539 EP 540 DI 10.1049/el:20000442 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 302TD UT WOS:000086381000039 ER PT J AU Riviere, ED Huret, N Taupin, FG Renard, JB Pirre, M Eckermann, SD Larsen, N Deshler, T Lefevre, F Payan, S Camy-Peyret, C AF Riviere, ED Huret, N Taupin, FG Renard, JB Pirre, M Eckermann, SD Larsen, N Deshler, T Lefevre, F Payan, S Camy-Peyret, C TI Role of lee waves in the formation of solid polar stratospheric clouds: Case studies from February 1997 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE DEPLETION; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; MODEL AB Recent theories of solid polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) formation have shown that particles could remain liquid down to 3 K or 4 K below the ice frost point. Such temperatures are rarely reached in the Arctic stratosphere at synoptic scale, but nevertheless, solid PSCs are frequently observed. Mesoscale processes such as mountain-induced gravity waves could be responsible for their formation. In this paper, a microphysical-chemical Lagrangian model (MiPLaSMO) and a mountain wave model (NRL/MWFM) are used to interpret balloon-borne measurements made by an optical particle counter (OPC) and by the Absorption par Minoritaires Ozone et NOx (AMON) instrument above Kiruna on February 25 and 26, 1997, respectively. The model results show good agreement with the particle size distributions obtained by the OPC in a layer of large particles, and allow us to interpret this layer as an evaporating mesoscale type Ia PSC (nitric acid trihydrate) mixed with liquid particles. The detection of a layer of solid particles by AMON is also qualitatively reproduced by the model and is interpreted to be frozen sulfate acid aerosols (SAT). In this situation, the impact of mountain waves on chlorine activation is studied. It appears that mesoscale perturbations amplify significantly the amount of computed ClO, as compared to synoptic runs. Moreover, MiPLaSMO chemical results concerning HNO3 and HCl agree with measurements made by the Limb Profile Monitor of the Atmosphere (LPMA) instrument on February 26 at a very close location to AMON, and explain part of the differences between LPMA measurement and Reactive Processes Ruling the Ozone Budget in the Stratosphere (REPROBUS) model outputs. C1 CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. CNRS, Lab Phys Mol & Applicat, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Orleans, Orleans, France. RP Riviere, ED (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, 3A Ave Rech Sci, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. EM riviere@cnrs-orleans.fr; nhuret@cnrs-orleans.fr; goffinon@cnrs-orleans.fr; renard@cnrs-orleans.fr; mpirre@cnrs-orleans.fr; eckerman@ismap4.nrl.navy.mil; nl@dmi.dk; deshler@grizzly.uwyo.edu; franck.lefevre@aero.jussieu.fr; payan@ccr.jussieu.fr; camy@ccr.jussieu.fr RI Larsen, Niels/G-3145-2014 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D5 BP 6845 EP 6853 DI 10.1029/1999JD900908 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 294KT UT WOS:000085911000019 ER PT J AU Ensign, WY Roberts, DE Reading, JE Askew, WE Hesslink, R Wise, JA Schmidt, M AF Ensign, WY Roberts, DE Reading, JE Askew, WE Hesslink, R Wise, JA Schmidt, M TI Supplemental antioxidant effects on immune cells after a 24-day military training exercise. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A616 EP A616 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103562 ER PT J AU Fahlman, A Kayar, SR Tikuisis, P Lin, WC Whitman, WB AF Fahlman, A Kayar, SR Tikuisis, P Lin, WC Whitman, WB TI Predicting decompression sickness risk from H-2 dives using conventional vs. biochemical decompression in pigs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A612 EP A612 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103541 ER PT J AU Kayar, SR Fahlman, A Lin, WC Whitman, WB AF Kayar, SR Fahlman, A Lin, WC Whitman, WB TI H-2 biochemical decompression in pigs: Effects of 24 h in hyperbaria. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A612 EP A612 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103538 ER PT J AU Parker, S Fahlman, A Braisted, J Forcino, D AF Parker, S Fahlman, A Braisted, J Forcino, D TI Physiological variables associated with central nervous system hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011 OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A677 EP A677 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103916 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Cao, G Hesslink, R Wise, J Askew, W Ensign, W Roberts, D AF Prior, RL Cao, G Hesslink, R Wise, J Askew, W Ensign, W Roberts, D TI Plasma and urine antioxidant capacity (AC) in men during physical training while consuming a dietary antioxidant supplement SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Geo Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A520 EP A520 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103010 ER PT J AU Schmidt, M Askew, EW Roberts, DE Ensign, W Hesslink, R Wise, J AF Schmidt, M Askew, EW Roberts, DE Ensign, W Hesslink, R Wise, J TI Efficacy of a phytochemical antioxidant supplement on the reduction of exercise-induced oxidative stress. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A520 EP A520 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103013 ER PT J AU Ahumada, AJ Krebs, WK AF Ahumada, AJ Krebs, WK TI Signal detection in fixed pattern chromatic noise. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3796B894 BP S713 EP S713 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703865 ER PT J AU Berg, JS Schallhorn, SC Retzlaff, PD AF Berg, JS Schallhorn, SC Retzlaff, PD TI The relationship between psychiatric factors and patient satisfaction after refractive surgery. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Ctr Med, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ No Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 4891B838 BP S920 EP S920 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246704959 ER PT J AU Choplin, NT Dreher, AW AF Choplin, NT Dreher, AW TI Evaluation of new parameters for the GDx nerve fiber analyzer for discriminating between normal eyes and eyes with glaucoma SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Laser Diagnost Technol Inc, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 484B484 BP S92 EP S92 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246700483 ER PT J AU Elliott, WR Zwick, H Lund, DJ Ness, J Biggerstaff, S Stuck, BE AF Elliott, WR Zwick, H Lund, DJ Ness, J Biggerstaff, S Stuck, BE TI A behavior technique tor simultaneous visual function testing and SLO retinal imaging in alert, task oriented rhesus monkeys: The effects of foveal laser exposure on visual function and oculomotor behavior. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Hlth Res Command Det, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USA, Med Res Det, WRAIR, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 4994B941 BP S939 EP S939 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246705061 ER PT J AU Kaupp, SE Brown, MC Tanzer, DJ Pangelinan, CM Vurbeff, GK Schallhorn, SC van de Pol, C Lattimore, MR AF Kaupp, SE Brown, MC Tanzer, DJ Pangelinan, CM Vurbeff, GK Schallhorn, SC van de Pol, C Lattimore, MR TI Quality of vision changes during prolonged exposure to altitude following refractive surgery. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3648B746 BP S686 EP S686 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703717 ER PT J AU Schallhorn, SC Tanzer, DJ Tidwell, J Brown, MC Pangelinan, CM Vurbeff, GK Kaupp, SE AF Schallhorn, SC Tanzer, DJ Tidwell, J Brown, MC Pangelinan, CM Vurbeff, GK Kaupp, SE TI Initial evaluation of LASIK in the US navy. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3662B760 BP S688 EP S688 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703731 ER PT J AU Tanzer, DJ Schallhorn, SC Pangelinan, CM Vurbeff, GK Kaupp, SE AF Tanzer, DJ Schallhorn, SC Pangelinan, CM Vurbeff, GK Kaupp, SE TI A comparison of epithelial removal technique for photorefractive keratectomy. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 4903B850 BP S922 EP S922 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246704971 ER PT J AU Van de Pol, C Schallhorn, SC Brown, MC Tanzer, DJ Kaupp, SE Lattimore, MR AF Van de Pol, C Schallhorn, SC Brown, MC Tanzer, DJ Kaupp, SE Lattimore, MR TI Effect of altitude on anterior and posterior corneal curvature: LASIK, PRK, and RK compared. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Alrcrew Hlth & Performance Div, Ft Rucker, AL USA. USN, Med Ctr, Refract Surg Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3649B747 BP S686 EP S686 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703718 ER PT J AU Zwick, H Elliot, WR Li, G Stuck, BE AF Zwick, H Elliot, WR Li, G Stuck, BE TI Long term changes in photoreceptor reorganization within and external to in vivo imaged photoreceptor sites. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAMRD, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USN, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3167B265 BP S596 EP S596 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703236 ER PT J AU Chang, WT Gilmore, CM Kim, WJ Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Qadri, SB Chirsey, DB Horwitz, JS AF Chang, WT Gilmore, CM Kim, WJ Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Qadri, SB Chirsey, DB Horwitz, JS TI Influence of strain on microwave dielectric properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SRTIO3 AB Epitaxial Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin films have been deposited onto (100)MgO and LaAlO3 substrates using pulsed-laser deposition. Thick (> 1 mu m) Ag interdigitated capacitors capped with a thin protective layer of Au have been deposited on top of the BST films using electron-beam deposition. The capacitance (C) and dielectric quality factor (Q = 1/tan delta) of the structure has been measured at microwave frequencies (1-20 GHz) as a function of electric field (E less than or equal to 67 kV/cm) at room temperature. In epitaxial BST films, either high dielectric tuning (4:1), which is defined as {[C(0)-C(E)]/C(0)} x 100, or high dielectric Q (similar to 100-250) was observed but not both at the same time. Film strain was observed by x-ray diffraction and is closely related to the dielectric properties as limiting the ability to obtain both high tuning and high dielectric Q in epitaxial BST thin films. A thin BST buffer layer was used to relieve the strain in the films. In strain-relieved films, both dielectric tuning and dielectric Q were increased after annealing. A theoretical analysis of the strain effect of the films is presented based on Devonshire thermodynamic theory. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)08206-2]. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Inst Sci Mat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. SFA Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, WT (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Inst Sci Mat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 27 TC 185 Z9 187 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 6 BP 3044 EP 3049 DI 10.1063/1.372297 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 287WY UT WOS:000085531400059 ER PT J AU Casalini, R Ngai, KL Roland, CM AF Casalini, R Ngai, KL Roland, CM TI Analysis of the susceptibility minimum observed in 0.4Ca(NO3)(2)-0.6KNO(3) by dielectric spectroscopy and light scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) GLASS; ALKALI OXIDE GLASSES; AC-CONDUCTIVITY; FAST RELAXATION; FAST DYNAMICS; IONIC CONDUCTORS; BETA-RELAXATION; SPECTRA; TRANSITION AB An intriguing feature of the relaxation of glass formers is the broad minimum in the dynamic susceptibility spectrum, lying intermediate between the high frequency vibrational absorption (or Boson peak) and the slower, temperature-dependent structural relaxation and diffusion. As first shown by Lunkenheimer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 318 (1996)], high frequency dielectric spectra can be accounted for by invoking a temperature-dependent, frequency-independent contribution ("constant loss") to the loss spectrum. Herein, we analyze dielectric relaxation and light scattering data for 0.4Ca(NO3)(2)-0.6KNO(3) (CKN), which exhibit broad minima at GHz to THz frequencies. Over a wide temperature range, the spectra can be accurately described by the additive superposition of a constant loss to the structural relaxation and the Boson peak. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the constant loss term is the same for the two spectroscopies. The behavior of the constant loss inferred from this analysis is minimally affected by the details of the fitting procedure, demonstrating the robustness of the method. We also show that dielectric relaxation data for a silver iodide-silver selenate glass conform to the predictions of mode coupling theory, even though a liquid state theory is not obviously applicable to a glassy ionic conductor. This underscores the value of alternative interpretations of the high frequency dynamics in glass-forming liquid, including contributions from a constant loss such as described herein. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)70311-4]. C1 Univ Pisa, INFM, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Casalini, R (reprint author), Univ Pisa, INFM, Via Buonarroti 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 11 BP 5181 EP 5189 DI 10.1063/1.481074 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 290QT UT WOS:000085687900033 ER PT J AU Shen, CY Fusina, RA Shay, LK AF Shen, CY Fusina, RA Shay, LK TI An assessment of local coastal dynamics observed with high-frequency radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE CURRENT MEASUREMENTS; HF RADAR; MODEL; DOVER; FLOW AB An assessment is made of the dominant processes governing the circulation in a 30 km by 40 km area off the coast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, where surface current velocity vectors have been obtained using shore-based high-frequency radars in the High Resolution Remote Sensing experiment in 1993. Although the currents in this region are constantly under the influence of winds and tides, frequent intrusion of energetic flows into the area, apparently mostly of Gulf Stream origin, is shown to have a strong influence on the current variability. Analysis of vorticity and divergence shows that the flow intruding into the area is strongly rotational with positive vorticity. This rotational motion is not in geostrophic balance with the surface pressure gradient, and an inertial oscillation is often excited as a result, with vorticity and divergence oscillating 90 degrees out of phase. On average the geostrophic imbalance generates a net surface flow divergence, which, in turn, induces negative vorticity that more than offsets the positive vorticity advected into the region. However, vertical viscous transfer of positive vorticity from subsurface to surface is shown to be required to complete the surface vorticity balance; the same energetic cyclonic shear flows that intrude into the area are suggested as the source of the subsurface vorticity as these flows of Gulf Stream origin are known to be subducted under buoyant shelf water. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Shen, CY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7250, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C3 BP 6517 EP 6530 DI 10.1029/1999JC900326 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 293YG UT WOS:000085882400015 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Gu, W AF Xu, Q Gu, W TI Baroclinic Eady wave and fronts. Part II: Geostrophic potential vorticity dynamics in semigeostrophic space SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY CONSERVATION-LAWS; ELECTROSTATICS ANALOGY; STABILITY THEOREMS; SINGULAR VECTORS; MODEL; FORMULATION; EQUATIONS AB The geostrophic coordinate transformation is applied to the viscous semigeostrophic (SG) Eady wave. In the transformed space, called the SG space, the potential temperature anomaly can be treated as a delta-function anomaly of geostrophic potential vorticity (GPV) at the physical boundary or imaginary boundary (along the top of the boundary layer). Since the delta-function anomaly is analogous to the surface charge of a problem in electrostatics with the induced geopotential playing the role of the electric potential, the development of the Eady wave and fronts can be interpreted in terms of the interaction between the "surface charges" at two imaginary boundaries. It is shown that this interpretation and related GPV thinking for the viscous SG Eady wave can be made nearly as concise as its inviscid paradigm during the boundary stage (until the inviscid surface front collapses in physical space). When the viscous SG Eady wave develops into the interior stage, strong interior GPV anomalies, analogous to "body charges," are generated by the diffusive GPV flux. These body charges form two domes in the SG space. The geostrophic flow field induced by the body charge in each dome produces diffusive GPV fluxes that converge at the upstream edge of each dome and thus keep the body charge in step against the horizontal advection. The growth of the geometric area of each dome of body charge (or the penetration of the front into the interior in physical space), however, is caused mainly by the ageostrophic circulation forced by the geostrophic flow. It is also shown that the body charge in each dome can be represented by the surface charge (potential temperature anomaly) on an imaginary boundary that covers the dome (above the boundary layer). The growth of these surface charges can be explained by a simplified GPV thinking applied only to the nearly inviscid interior region, similar to its inviscid counterpart for the interior stage (beyond the time that the inviscid surface front collapses in physical space). C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 6 BP 861 EP 872 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0861:BEWAFP>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291FR UT WOS:000085723900005 ER PT J AU Szu, HH Kopriva, I Persin, A AF Szu, HH Kopriva, I Persin, A TI Independent component analysis approach to resolve the multi-source limitation of the nutating rising-sun reticle based optical trackers SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coherence; independent component analysis; infrared reticle trackers; countermeasure; counter-countermeasure ID MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL SEPARATION; FREQUENCY-MODULATION RETICLES; BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION; PARAMETERS; SIMULATION; MIXTURE; SEEKER AB Independent component analysis (ICA) is described for a number of signals from different sources and a number of receivers. When applied to nutating rising-sun reticle optical trackers, ICA enables the discrimination of optical sources with an appropriate number of detectors. The main contribution of this paper is the conclusion that coherence between optical sources results in a nonlinear ICA problem that becomes linear when the optical fields are incoherent. It is shown that requirements necessary for the ICA theory to work are fulfilled for both coherent and incoherent optical sources. Moreover, it is shown additionally that by the proper design of the optical tracker the nonlinear model can be converted into linear one by simple linear bandpass filtering operation. Consequently, the multisource limitation of the nutating rising-sun reticle based optical trackers can in principle be overcome for both coherent and incoherent optical sources, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Def Studies, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Kopriva, I (reprint author), Inst Def Studies, Bijenicka 46, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 176 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00521-6 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 294AK UT WOS:000085887600010 ER PT J AU Koplow, JP Goldberg, L Moeller, RP Kliner, DAV AF Koplow, JP Goldberg, L Moeller, RP Kliner, DAV TI Polarization-maintaining, double-clad fiber amplifier employing externally applied stress-induced birefringence SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MODE FIBERS; ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER; OPTICAL FIBERS; LASER AB We report a new approach to obtaining linear-polarization operation of a rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier in which the gain fiber is coiled under tension to induce birefringence. We demonstrated this method by constructing an Er/Yb-doped, double-clad, single-mode fiber amplifier with an output power of 530 mW and a polarization extinction ratio of >17 dB (when seeded with linearly polarized light) at a wavelength of similar to 1.5 mu m. The technique is achromatic, permits single- or multiple-pass operation of the amplifier, requires no additional components in the optical path, leaves the fiber ends unobstructed, and is inexpensive to implement. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2420, 060.2320, 260.1440, 140.4480, 140.3510. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Koplow, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 6 BP 387 EP 389 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000387 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 293HR UT WOS:000085846500009 PM 18059888 ER PT J AU Butler, JJ Malcuit, MS AF Butler, JJ Malcuit, MS TI Diffraction properties of highly birefringent liquid-crystal composite gratings SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPOLYMER AB We have fabricated electrically switchable holographic gratings, using Polaroid Corporation's DMP-128 photopolymer filled with the nematic liquid crystal E7. It is shown that a coupled-wave theory that includes the effects of the birefringence of the Liquid crystal must be used to explain the diffraction properties of these anisotropic volume gratings. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of theory and experiment provides information about the alignment of the liquid crystal within the polymer host. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 090.7330, 230.1950, 230.3720. C1 USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Butler, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 6 BP 420 EP 422 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000420 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 293HR UT WOS:000085846500020 PM 18059899 ER PT J AU Hammar, PR Johnson, M AF Hammar, PR Johnson, M TI Potentiometric measurements of the spin-split subbands in a two-dimensional electron gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL INTERFACE; INJECTION; CHARGE AB The density of states of carriers in a high-mobility InAs single quantum well is spin split by the Rashba effect. The asymmetry favors down-spin states for carriers with positive momentum and up-spin states for carriers with negative momentum. Imposing a bias current causes inequivalent shifts of the spin subband chemical potential, which are detected using a ferromagnetic film electrode and an open circuit voltage measurement. Measurements made on three samples over a range 77 2500 lines per inch). (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)00710-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Microelect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Fitz-Gerald, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 13 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1386 EP 1388 DI 10.1063/1.126040 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 291LN UT WOS:000085735800012 ER PT J AU Rolison, DR AF Rolison, DR TI A Title IX challenge SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rolison, DR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD MAR 13 PY 2000 VL 78 IS 11 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1021/cen-v078n011.p005 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 292VZ UT WOS:000085817100001 ER PT J AU Larraza, A Tucholski, E AF Larraza, A Tucholski, E TI Acoustic Einstein-Hopf drag on a bubble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Theoretical results show that the drag on a bubble can be modified by the presence of isotropic, homogeneous, broadband acoustic noise, when the band overlaps the bubble's resonance width. While these results constitute an acoustic analog to the Einstein-Hopf drag on an oscillating dipole in the presence of electromagnetic fluctuations, an important difference is that band-limited acoustic noise can reduce the drag when the lower frequency of the spectrum coincides with the resonant frequency of the bubble. Applications to bubble migration, heat transfer, and acoustophoresis are suggested. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Larraza, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Code PH-LA, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 13 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 11 BP 2378 EP 2380 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2378 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 292JZ UT WOS:000085791900024 ER PT J AU Paek, EG Im, YS Choe, JY Oh, TK AF Paek, EG Im, YS Choe, JY Oh, TK TI Acoustically steered and rotated true-time-delay generator based on wavelength-division multiplexing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS; PROGRAMMABLE DISPERSION MATRIX; FIBEROPTIC CONTROL; TRANSMITTER; PRISM; LINE AB The acoustically steered and rotated (ASTRO) true-time-delay (TTD) generator, capable of two-dimensional (2D) multiple beam generation without causing extraneous beams, is described. It is based on wavelength-division multiplexing to encode and decode various;linear chirp time delays with wavelengths. An array of equally spaced Light stripes with Linear chirp time delays among them is formed and is subsequently rotated to a desired angle by use of our nonmechanical acousto-optic dove prism, believed to be novel. Our architecture reduces hardware complexity significantly by avoiding redundancy in conventional TTD generators. Experimental results to prove the concept of 2D multiple beam generation are shown. Also, an extension of the system for bidirectional communications is proposed. Various technical issues for practical applications:are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Paek, EG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paek@nist.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1298 EP 1308 DI 10.1364/AO.39.001298 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 292BV UT WOS:000085775000010 PM 18338014 ER PT J AU Aschwanden, MJ Alexander, D Hurlburt, N Newmark, JS Neupert, WM Klimchuk, JA Gary, GA AF Aschwanden, MJ Alexander, D Hurlburt, N Newmark, JS Neupert, WM Klimchuk, JA Gary, GA TI Three-dimensional stereoscopic analysis of solar active region loops. II. SOHO/EIT observations at temperatures of 1.5-2.5 MK SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : UV radiation; techniques : image processing ID DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER CDS; CORONAL MAGNETIC LOOPS; X-RAY TELESCOPE; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; RESONANT ABSORPTION; DENSITY STRUCTURE; EMISSION MEASURE; ALFVEN WAVES; SCALING LAW; YOHKOH AB In this paper we study the three-dimensional structure of hot (T-e approximate to 1.5-2.5 MK) loops in solar active region NOAA 7986, observed on 1996 August 30 with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). This complements a first study (Paper I) on cooler (T-e approximate to 1.0-1.5 MK) loops of the same active region, using the same method of Dynamic Stereoscopy to reconstruct the three-dimensional geometry. We reconstruct the three-dimensional coordinates x(s), y(s), z(s), the density n(e)(s), and temperature profile T-e(s) of 35 individual loop segments las a function of the loop coordinate s) using EIT 195 and 284 Angstrom images. The major findings are as follows. II) All loops are found to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, in the entire temperature regime of T-e = 1.0-2.5 MK. (2) The analyzed loops have a height of 2-3 scale heights, and thus only segments extending over about one vertical scale height have sufficient emission measure contrast for detection. (3) The temperature gradient over the lowest scale height is of order dT/ds approximate to 1-10 K km(-1). (4) The radiative loss rate is found to exceed the conductive loss rate by about two orders or magnitude in the coronal loop segments, implying that the loops cannot be in quasi-static equilibrium, since standard steady-state loop models show that radiative and conductive losses are comparable. (5) A steady state could only be maintained if the heating rate E-H matches exactly the radiative loss rate in hydrostatic equilibrium, requiring a heat deposition length II, of the half density scale height ii. (6) We find a correlation of p proportional to L-1 between loop base pressure and loop length, which is not consistent with the scaling law predicted from steady-state models of large-scale loops. All observational findings indicate consistently that the energy balance of the observed EUV loops cannot be described by steady-state models. C1 Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Dept L941, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SM&A Corp SS&E, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Raytheon STX Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Lab, Solar Phys Branch ES82, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Dept L941, Bldg 252,3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM aschwanden@lmsal.com RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012 OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305 NR 56 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 531 IS 2 BP 1129 EP 1149 DI 10.1086/308483 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 299MA UT WOS:000086201300049 ER PT J AU Crabbe, FL Dyer, MG AF Crabbe, FL Dyer, MG TI Goal directed adaptive behavior in second-order neural networks: The MAXSON family of architectures SO ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE second-order neural network; simulated autonomous agents; reinforcement learning; vicarious learning ID AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS AB The paper presents a neural network architecture (MAXSON) based on second-order connections that can learn a multiple goal approach/avoid task using reinforcement from the environment. It also enables an agent to learn vicariously, from the successes and failures of other agents. The paper shows that MAXSON can learn certain spatial navigation tasks much faster than traditional Q-learning, as well as learn goal directed behavior, increasing the agent's chances of long-term survival. The paper shows that an extension of MAXSON (V-MAXSON) enables agents to learn vicariously, and this improves the overall survivability of the agent population. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Crabbe, FL (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR PI HONOLULU PA 2430 CAMPUS RD, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 1059-7123 J9 ADAPT BEHAV JI Adapt. Behav. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2 BP 149 EP 172 DI 10.1177/105971230000800204 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Psychology, Experimental; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 438DB UT WOS:000169037500004 ER PT J AU Perkins, AL Bell, L AF Perkins, AL Bell, L TI Two-dimensional memory management using an avail list SO ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional memory management; first-fit algorithm; storage allocation AB A large two-dimensional FORTRAN array is used to simulate a two-dimensional memory. The two-dimensional memory management scheme is discussed in detail, and an optimal two-dimensional scheme is established. The scheme is designed to reduce the need to copy arrays when they grow beyond their original memory allocation. Such a need arises when adaptive mesh refinement, for example, is used on a large scientific grid calculation with many multi-dimensional arrays. The memory management scheme could be realized in hardware; however, it was originally developed as a technique to speed up numerical calculations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Perkins, AL (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Bldg 1007, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-9978 J9 ADV ENG SOFTW JI Adv. Eng. Softw. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0965-9978(99)00042-3 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 285PK UT WOS:000085397300007 ER PT J AU Ellenberger, NW AF Ellenberger, NW TI Aristocratic women and political society in Victorian Britain SO ALBION LA English DT Book Review C1 US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Ellenberger, NW (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPALACHIAN STATE UNIV PI BOONE PA ALBION/HISTORY DEPT 210 WHITENER HALL, BOONE, NC 28608 USA SN 0095-1390 J9 ALBION JI Albion PD SPR PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 BP 140 EP 142 DI 10.2307/4054025 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 361MX UT WOS:000089727800043 ER PT J AU Mallak, CT Milch, KS Horn, DF AF Mallak, CT Milch, KS Horn, DF TI A deadly anti-SIDS device SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SIDS; sudden infant death syndrome AB The diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been an enigma to medical examiners and coroners for decades. The recent drastic decrease in the number of SIDS cases has been associated with infants sleeping supine instead of prone. The apparent relation between sleeping position and SIDS has led to the marketing of several positioning sleep aids. We report a case of the improper use of one such device which resulted in the death of an infant. C1 USN Hosp, Okinawa, Japan. RP Mallak, CT (reprint author), USN Hosp Okinawa, PSC 482,Box 1600, FPO, AP 96326 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1097/00000433-200003000-00015 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 292RE UT WOS:000085808200015 PM 10739233 ER PT J AU Yencha, MW Linfesty, R Blackmon, A AF Yencha, MW Linfesty, R Blackmon, A TI Laryngeal tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Since the introduction of antituberculous medications, the incidence of laryngeal tuberculosis (TB) has decreased and remains stable. However, with the incidence of TB increasing, mainly caused by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic, the incidence of laryngeal involvement may be on the rise. The main presenting symptom of laryngeal TB is dysphonia. The diagnosis is confirmed with the identification of granulomatous inflammation, caseating granulomas, and acid-fast bacilli on histopathologic examination of biopsied laryngeal tissue. However, making the diagnosis difficult can be the presence of psuedoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, which mimics squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment is primarily with antituberculous medications with surgery reserved for those cases of airway compromise. Laryngeal complications can occur; thus, long-term follow-up is recommended. We report a case of laryngeal TB in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient and review the literature. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 USN Hosp Pensacola, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Med, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Yencha, MW (reprint author), USN Hosp Pensacola, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 6000 W Highway 98, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0196-0709 J9 AM J OTOLARYNG JI Am. J. Otolaryngol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 2 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0196-0709(00)85010-3 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 294WQ UT WOS:000085933800010 PM 10758999 ER PT J AU Lim, AAT Washington, AP Greinwald, JH Lassen, LF Holtel, MR AF Lim, AAT Washington, AP Greinwald, JH Lassen, LF Holtel, MR TI Effect of pentoxifylline on the healing of guinea pig tympanic membrane SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE guinea pig; pentoxifylline; tympanic membrane perforation ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; SKIN-FLAP SURVIVAL; OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; PERFORATIONS; REPAIR AB Although most tympanic membrane perforations heal spontaneously, persistent perforations frequently require treatment by otolaryngologists. Initial management strategies include keeping the ear dry, ensuring aural hygiene, and using topical antibiotics. For persistent perforations. paper patching or myringoplasty may be required. Recently, agents such as hyaluronic acid and epidermal growth factor have been used to promote tympanic membrane healing. Similarly, pentoxifylline, a pharmaceutical agent with hemorrheological and antithrombotic properties, has been shown to increase perfusion and accelerate wound healing. This double-blinded prospective study attempts to examine the effect of pentoxifylline on tympanic membrane healing of 50 guinea pigs subjected to myringotomy. Serial examinations and histopathologic sectioning of the tympanic membranes revealed no significant difference in rate of healing or quality of repair between the pentoxifylline and control groups. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Lim, AAT (reprint author), SGCQSL, Med Grp 375, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 310 W Losey St, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 109 IS 3 BP 262 EP 266 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 293EH UT WOS:000085838200005 PM 10737308 ER PT J AU Kim, WJ Chang, W Qadri, SB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB AF Kim, WJ Chang, W Qadri, SB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Horwitz, JS Chrisey, DB TI Structural and microwave properties of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE AB The relationship between the structure and the microwave dielectric properties of epitaxial Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) films has been investigated. Single-phase BST films (40-160 nm) have been deposited onto (100) MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition. As-deposited films show a significant tetragonal distortion. The in-plane lattice parameters (a) are always larger than the surface normal lattice parameters (c). The tetragonal distortion depends on the thickness of the films and the post-deposition annealing conditions. Films annealed at 900 degrees C show less tetragonal distortion than the as-deposited film and the films annealed at higher temperatures. The distortion in the film is due to stress caused by the lattice mismatch and thermal expansion coefficient differences between the film and the substrate. The dielectric constant and its change with de bias voltage of BST films on MgO at microwave frequencies increase with increasing annealing temperature from 900 degrees C to 1200 degrees C, which corresponds to an increase in the tetragonal distortion. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, WJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 70 IS 3 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1007/s003390050052 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 300LX UT WOS:000086255400011 ER PT J AU Looney, RE Frederiksen, PC AF Looney, RE Frederiksen, PC TI The effect of declining military influence on defense budgets in Latin America SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DETERMINANTS AB While military governments have often been a tradition in many Latin American countries, a relatively small and stable number of national resources are traditionally allocated to national defense. Recent studies on the determinants of defense spending in this region have employed data only through the mid-1980s. Since then, sweeping economic and political changes have occurred in the region. This article examines the factors influencing Latin American defense allocations for fifteen countries in the 1980s to the mid-1990s. We posit a long-term relationship between defense and other variables (such as GNP), and employ a technique to separate year to year movements in the defense burden into components associated with (a) short-run factors and (b) the correction of the deviation from the long-run pattern. Factors such as military influence and changes in regional defense expenditures are examined. The results suggest that for most of the 15 countries, a high proportion of the defense burden is explained by relatively few variables. For six countries, no long-run trend was identified and defense expenditures are determined by short-run shocks. For the other nine countries, equilibrating corrections are made to the defense budget in response to short-run shocks. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, DRMI, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Frederiksen, PC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, DRMI, Code 64Fe, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 437 EP + DI 10.1177/0095327X0002600305 PG 14 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418EW UT WOS:000167878800004 ER PT J AU Robertson, JW Honeycutt, RK Hillwig, T Jurcevic, JS Henden, AA AF Robertson, JW Honeycutt, RK Hillwig, T Jurcevic, JS Henden, AA TI Reconnaissance of suspected old novae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables ID HIBERNATION AB Several of the "blank fields" in the novae atlas by Duerbeck were imaged at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope during technical engineering and commissioning activities in 1994-1995. Several old novas have been recovered utilizing CCD photometry. Multiobject spectroscopy with the Hydra/MOS instrumentation at WIYN was also used on random stars in the fields to search for a cataclysmic variable. The old novae candidates identified include SV Ari, V465 Cyg, SS LMi V2104 Oph, GR Ori, V529 Ori, UW Per, and UW Tri. C1 Arkanas Tech Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Robertson, JW (reprint author), Arkanas Tech Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1365 EP 1374 DI 10.1086/301250 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297CA UT WOS:000086062900030 ER PT J AU Capitaine, N Guinot, B McCarthy, DD AF Capitaine, N Guinot, B McCarthy, DD TI Definition of the Celestial Ephemeris Origin and of UT1 in the International Celestial Reference Frame SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrometry; ephemerides; reference systems; time ID NON-ROTATING ORIGIN; TIME AB The adoption of the international Celestial Reference System ICRS, and of the corresponding Frame, ICRF by the 23rd General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, calls for a redefinition of the departure point on the true equator. Several possibilities have been suggested. This paper considers the use of the non-rotating origin (Guinot 1979). The "Celestial Ephemeris Origin" (CEO) is defined here as the non-rotating origin on the equator of the Celestial Ephemeris Pole (CEP). Developments valid at the microarcsecond, based on the best model for precession, nutation and pole offset at J2000.0 with respect to the pole of ICRF, are provided for computing the CEP coordinates and the position of the CEO. It is shown that an operational definition of UT1 based on the CEO leads to values which are insensitive at the microarcsecond level to future improvements of this model. C1 Observ Paris, CNRS, DANOF, UMR 8639, F-75014 Paris, France. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Capitaine, N (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, DANOF, UMR 8639, Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. EM capitain@danof.obspm.fr; dmc@maia.usno.navy.mil NR 15 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 355 IS 1 BP 398 EP 405 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 303ZR UT WOS:000086458500049 ER PT J AU Unger, SJ Clegg, PE Stacey, GJ Cox, P Fischer, J Greenhouse, M Lord, SD Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Smith, HA Spinoglio, L Wolfire, M AF Unger, SJ Clegg, PE Stacey, GJ Cox, P Fischer, J Greenhouse, M Lord, SD Luhman, ML Satyapal, S Smith, HA Spinoglio, L Wolfire, M TI ISO-LWS spectroscopy of Centaurus A: extended star formation SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : Centaurus A = NGC 5128; infrared : galaxies; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : active ID H-II REGIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; EMISSION; NGC-5128; GALAXY; EXCITATION; ORIGIN; N/O AB We present the first full FIR spectrum of Centaurus A (NGC 5128) from 43 - 196.7 mu m. The data was obtained with the ISO Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS). We conclude that the FIR emission in a 70 " beam centred on the nucleus is dominated by star formation rather than AGN activity. The flux in the far-infrared lines is similar to 1% of the total FIR: the [C II] line flux is similar to 0.4% FIR and the [O I] line is similar to 0.2%, with the remainder arising from [O III], [N II] and [N III] lines. These are typical values for starburst galaxies. The ratio of the [N III] / [N II] line intensities from the HII regions in the dust lane corresponds to an effective temperature, T-eff similar to 35 500 K, implying that the tip of the main sequence is headed by 08.5 stars and that the starburst is similar to 6 x 10(6) years old. This suggests that the galaxy underwent either a recent merger or a merger which triggered a series of bursts. The N/O abundance ratio is consistent with the range of similar to 0.2 - 0.3 found for Galactic HII regions. We estimate that < 5% of the observed [C II] arises in the cold neutral medium (CNM) and that similar to 10% arises in the warm ionized medium (WIM). The main contributors to the [C II] emission are the PDRs, which are located throughout the dust lane and in regions beyond where the bulk of the molecular material lies. On scales of similar to 1 kPc the average physical properties of the PDRs are modelled with a gas density, n similar to 10(3) cm(-3) an incident far-UV field, G similar to 10(2) times the local Galactic field, and a gas temperature of similar to 250 K. C1 Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Phys, London E1 4NS, England. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD USA. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Unger, SJ (reprint author), Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Phys, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. EM s.j.unger@qmw.ac.uk OI Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 355 IS 3 BP 885 EP 890 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 311DG UT WOS:000086869100010 ER PT J AU Hog, E Fabricius, C Makarov, VV Urban, S Corbin, T Wycoff, G Bastian, U Schwekendiek, P Wicenec, A AF Hog, E Fabricius, C Makarov, VV Urban, S Corbin, T Wycoff, G Bastian, U Schwekendiek, P Wicenec, A TI The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE astrometry; stars : fundamental parameters; catalogs ID HIPPARCOS-CATALOG AB The Tycho-2 Catalogue presented here is an astrometric reference catalogue containing positions and proper motions as well as two-colour photometric data for the 2.5 million brightest stars in the sky. The Tycho-2 positions and magnitudes are based on precisely the same observations as the original Tycho Catalogue (hereafter Tycho-l) collected by the star mapper of the ESA Hipparcos satellite, but Tycho-2 is much bigger and slightly more precise, owing to a more advanced reduction technique. Components of double stars with separations down to 0.8 arcsec are included. Proper motions precise to about 2.5 mas/yr are given as derived from a comparison with the Astrographic Catalogue and 143 other ground-based astrometric catalogues, all reduced to the Hipparcos celestial coordinate system. Tycho-2 supersedes in most applications Tycho-l, as well as the ACT and TRC catalogues based on Tycho-1. C1 Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Astronom Rechen Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Hog, E (reprint author), Copenhagen Univ Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. NR 10 TC 1131 Z9 1142 U1 2 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 355 IS 2 BP L27 EP L30 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 311DF UT WOS:000086869000003 ER PT J AU Richter, K Combi, MR Keller, HU Meier, RR AF Richter, K Combi, MR Keller, HU Meier, RR TI Multiple scattering of hydrogen Ly alpha radiation in the coma of comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; comets : individual (Hyakutake); scattering; ultraviolet : solar system ID LYMAN-ALPHA; PRODUCTION-RATES; IUE OBSERVATIONS; OH AB The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope measured hydrogen Ly alpha (H Ly alpha) line profiles at different locations around the coma of comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2) in 1996 April. The spectral resolution of about 4 km s(-1) (Doppler velocity, FWHM) was significantly better (by a factor of 2-3) than any previous measurement and is sufficient to constrain models of atomic hydrogen production processes and inner coma thermodynamics. In a recent paper, we reported the line profile measurements and the results of an explicit model of the optically thin region of the coma. The spectrally integrated emission rates in all but the nucleus-centered spectrum were computed, but the inner coma line profiles were only discussed qualitatively. In the present paper, we investigate the details of the line profiles using a first-principles numerical model of the H coma and a new radiative transfer model based on the Monte Carlo method to account for the line radiation transport throughout the coma. This multiple scattering model uses number densities and velocity distributions of H atoms produced by the water dissociation processes, along with angle-dependent frequency redistribution to describe each scattering process. The computed spectra, when convolved with the instrument function, are in excellent agreement with the measured spectra. The model is able to reproduce features, such as the saturation of the line profiles in the optically deep regions, and the strong asymmetry of the isophotes due to shadowing of the nightside by H atoms of the inner coma. For the first time, a consistent and detailed radiative transfer treatment of a physically realistic cometary hydrogen density and velocity distribution confirms our overall understanding of water dissociation processes and partial thermalization in the coma. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Richter, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014 OI Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 531 IS 1 BP 599 EP 611 DI 10.1086/308433 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297WM UT WOS:000086105700049 ER PT J AU Burgasser, AJ Kirkpatrick, JD Cutri, RM McCallon, H Kopan, G Gizis, JE Liebert, J Reid, IN Brown, ME Monet, DG Dahn, CC Beichman, CA Skrutskie, MF AF Burgasser, AJ Kirkpatrick, JD Cutri, RM McCallon, H Kopan, G Gizis, JE Liebert, J Reid, IN Brown, ME Monet, DG Dahn, CC Beichman, CA Skrutskie, MF TI Discovery of a brown dwarf companion to gliese 570ABC: A 2mass T dwarf significantly cooler than gliese 229B SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; infrared : stars; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (Gliese 570D); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID SYSTEMS; CATALOG; BINARY; STARS; MASS AB We report the discovery of a widely separated (258." 3 + 0." 4) T dwarf companion to the Gl 570ABC system. This new component, Gl 570D, was initially identified from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey. Its near-infrared spectrum shows the 1.6 and 2.2 mu m CH4 absorption bands characteristic of T dwarfs, while its common proper motion with the Gl 570ABC system confirms companionship. Gl 570D (M-j = 16.47 +/- 0.07) is nearly a full magnitude dimmer than the only other known T dwarf companion, Gl 229B, and estimates of L = (2.8 +/- 0.3) x 10(-6) L. and T-eff = 750 +/- 50 K make it significantly cooler and less luminous than any other known brown dwarf companion. Using evolutionary models by Burrows et al. and an adopted age of 2-10 Gyr, we derive a mass estimate of 50 +/- 20 M-Jup for this object. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Coll Astron Dept 5, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP CALTECH, Dept Phys, M-S 103-33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM diver@its.caltech.edu NR 39 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 531 IS 1 BP L57 EP L60 DI 10.1086/312522 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297WP UT WOS:000086105900015 ER PT J AU Reames, DV Ng, CK Tylka, AJ AF Reames, DV Ng, CK Tylka, AJ TI Initial time dependence of abundances in solar energetic particle events SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; Sun : corona; Sun : particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ACCELERATION; FLARES; SHOCKS; WAVES AB We compare the initial behavior of Fe/O and He/H abundance ratios and their relationship to the evolution of the proton energy spectra in "small" and "large" gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The results are qualitatively consistent with the behavior predicted by the theory of Ng et al. published in 1999. He/H ratios that initially rise with time are a signature of scattering by non-Kolmogorov Alfven wave spectra generated by intense beams of shock-accelerated protons streaming outward in large gradual SEP events. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Reames, DV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 531 IS 1 BP L83 EP L86 DI 10.1086/312517 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297WP UT WOS:000086105900021 ER PT J AU Tsvetanov, ZI Golimowski, DA Zheng, W Geballe, TR Leggett, SK Ford, HC Davidsen, AF Uomoto, A Fan, XH Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ Newberg, HJ Rechenmacher, R Schneider, DP York, DG Lupton, RH Pier, JR Annis, J Csabai, I Hindsley, RB Ivesic, Z Munn, JA Thakar, AR Waddell, P AF Tsvetanov, ZI Golimowski, DA Zheng, W Geballe, TR Leggett, SK Ford, HC Davidsen, AF Uomoto, A Fan, XH Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ Newberg, HJ Rechenmacher, R Schneider, DP York, DG Lupton, RH Pier, JR Annis, J Csabai, I Hindsley, RB Ivesic, Z Munn, JA Thakar, AR Waddell, P TI The discovery of a second field methane brown dwarf from Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; surveys ID GLIESE 229B; STARS; ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRA; LITHIUM; MASS AB We report the discovery of a second field methane brown dwarf from the commissioning data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The object, SDSS J134646.45-003150.4 (hereafter SDSS 1346-00), was selected because of its very red color and stellar appearance. Its spectrum between 0.8 and 2.5 mu m is dominated by strong absorption bands of H2O and CH4 and closely mimics those of Gliese 229B and SDSS 162414.37+002915.6 (hereafter SDSS 1624+00), two other known methane brown dwarfs. SDSS 1346-00 is approximately 1.5 mag fainter than Gliese 229B, suggesting that it lies about 11 pc from the Sun. The ratio of flux at 2.1 mu m to that at 1.27 mu m is larger for SDSS 1346-00 than for Gliese 229B and SDSS 1624+00, which suggests that SDSS 1346-00 has a slightly higher effective temperature than the others. Based on a search area of 130 deg(2) and a detection limit of z* = 19.8, we estimate a space, density of 0.05 pc(-3) for methane brown dwarfs with T-eff similar to 1000 K in the 40 pc(3) volume of our search. This estimate is based on small-sample statistics and should be treated with appropriate caution. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Gemini N Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. UKIRT, Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Comlex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3701 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012 NR 33 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 531 IS 1 BP L61 EP L65 DI 10.1086/312515 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297WP UT WOS:000086105900016 ER PT J AU Berg, JS Moore, J AF Berg, JS Moore, J TI Early menopause presenting with mood symptoms in a student aviator SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE menopause; depression; aviation ID ESTROGEN; HEALTH; WOMEN; LIFE AB The clinical presentation of menopause can resemble the symptoms of a mood disorder. We describe the case of a 31-yr-old student helicopter pilot who presented to the Aviation Psychiatry Department with a several-month history of inconsistent training performance, mood lability, tearfulness, anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, and decreased concentration. Symptoms persisted despite stress management training and resolution of family stressors, and further evaluation revealed other symptoms consistent with early menopause. Symptoms responded to estrogen/progesterone therapy, and patient returned to flight training. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, treatment, and aeromedical disposition of perimenopause and menopause are discussed. C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Operat Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 251 EP 254 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 288UZ UT WOS:000085584000008 PM 10716170 ER PT J AU Brizzolara, RA AF Brizzolara, RA TI Patterning multiple antibodies on polystyrene SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE antibody; patterning; biosensors; immunosensors; polystyrene; atomic force microscope AB A method for patterning different antibodies on polystyrene is described. The polystyrene surface is coated with a material resistant to antibody adsorption and the coating material is selectively removed from the region where antibody adsorption is desired, exposing clean polystyrene. Upon immersion of the substrate in antibody solution, antibodies adsorb to the clean polystyrene, but not to the coated areas of the surface. Two methods have been used to remove the coating: ion beam sputtering and mechanical etching. The pattern was verified using gold-labeled antigen in conjunction with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and with FITC-labeled antigen and fluorescence microscopy. Substrates patterned in this way could be used in conjunction with a charge-coupled detector for a multi-analyte biosensor. This patterning technique is suitable for applications in which a fast, inexpensive fabrication process is necessary, for example, in single-use sensors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Brizzolara, RA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 683, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00070-6 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 312JP UT WOS:000086940400008 PM 10826644 ER PT J AU Kolanko, CJ Pyle, MD Nath, J Prasanna, PGS Loats, H Blakely, WF AF Kolanko, CJ Pyle, MD Nath, J Prasanna, PGS Loats, H Blakely, WF TI In situ detection of a PCR-synthesized human pancentromeric DNA hybridization probe by color pigment immunostaining: Application for dicentric assay automation SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE automation; dicentric chromosome; pancentromeric probe; PCR ID CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION ASSAY; SATELLITE DNA; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CONSENSUS SEQUENCE; Y-CHROMOSOME; TRANSLOCATIONS; CENTROMERES; ABERRATIONS; DOSIMETRY; P82H AB We report a low cost and efficient method for synthesizing a human pancentromeric DNA probe by the polymerase chain reaction (PRC) and an optimized protocol for in situ detection using color pigment immunostaining, The DNA template used in the PCR was a 2.4 kb insert containing human alphoid repeated sequences of pancentromeric DNA subcloned into pUC9 (Miller ct al, 1988) and the primers hybridized to internal sequences of the 172 bp consensus tandem repeat associated with human centromeres. PCR was performed in the presence of biotin-11-dUTP, and the product was used for in situ hybridization to detect the pancentromeric region of human chromosomes in metaphase spreads. Detection of pancentromeric probe was achieved by immunoenzymatic color pigment painting to yield a permanent image detected at high resolution by bright field microscopy, The ability to synthesize the centromeric probe rapidly and to detect it with color pigment immunostaining will lead to enhanced identification and eventually to automation of various chromosome aberration assays. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Appl Cellular Radiobiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Loats Associates Inc, Westminster, MD 21157 USA. RP Kolanko, CJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6115,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1052-0295 J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM JI Biotech. Histochem. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 75 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.3109/10520290009064153 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 339DN UT WOS:000088462500005 PM 10941512 ER PT J AU Knutson, EM AF Knutson, EM TI A touch of ... class! SO CANADIAN MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW-REVUE CANADIENNE DES LANGUES VIVANTES LA English DT Article C1 USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Knutson, EM (reprint author), USN Acad, Language Studies Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN MODERN LANGUAGE REV PI N YORK PA UNIV TORONTO PRESS, JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST,, N YORK, ONTARIO M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0008-4506 J9 CAN MOD LANG REV JI Can. Mod. Lang. Rev.-Rev. Can. Lang. Vivantes PD MAR PY 2000 VL 56 IS 3 BP 514 EP 522 PG 9 WC Linguistics SC Linguistics GA 302MT UT WOS:000086369700008 ER PT J AU Segerman, AM Coffey, SL AF Segerman, AM Coffey, SL TI An analytical theory for tesseral gravitational harmonics SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE tesseral harmonics; Lie transformation; relegation AB An analytical method has been developed for the treatment of tesseral harmonic perturbations. The procedure is an iterative Lie transformation technique which avoids the typical eccentricity expansions as well as the numerical singularities normally associated with resonance conditions. At each iteration, terms of the perturbing potential become multiplied by the ratio of the satellite's orbital period to the earth's rotational period. Following a suitable number of iterations, the potential is deemed to be sufficiently small that it may be ignored, with the tesseral effects captured in the transformation. C1 USN, Res Lab, GRC Int, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Segerman, AM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, GRC Int, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 76 IS 3 BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1023/A:1008345403145 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 365XF UT WOS:000089975200001 ER PT J AU Ladner, R Abdelguerfi, M Shaw, K AF Ladner, R Abdelguerfi, M Shaw, K TI 3D mapping of an interactive synthetic environment SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Traditional geospatial information systems (GIS) use geographically referenced data to produce highly accurate digital maps. These two-dimensional maps include well-recognized symbols that represent features such as mountains, forests, buildings, and transportation networks. Although this flat view provides an excellent means of orienting the user to the general nature and location of the geographic features for a given area, it does not provide the full experiential value that comes from immersion within a 3D environment. The authors, working in conjunction with the University of New Orleans' Computer Science Department, developed a 3D-GIS to assist the US Marine Corps with mission preparation and rehearsal. It also provides on-site awareness during actual field operations in urban areas. Going beyond presenting stereoscopic views of an area or merely applying photo textures to highly simplified geometric shapes, they created an environment that replicates its real-world counterpart by including detailed 3D objects. The article details the design considerations they faced as well as the implementation and structural overview for the entire system. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Ladner, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 2000 VL 33 IS 3 BP 35 EP + DI 10.1109/2.825693 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 289TH UT WOS:000085637700018 ER PT J AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, JO TI A simple FIR-filter interpretation of the extreme eigenvalues of a Toeplitz autocorrelation matrix SO COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE eigenfilter ID DIGITAL-FILTERS; DESIGN AB The convergence of LMS adaptive algorithms is typically limited by the eigenvalue spread of a Toeplitz autocorrelation matrix with elements from the central portion of an autocorrelation function. If that autocorrelation function describes a random process input to an FIR filter, the ratio of the filter output power to that obtained in response to a unit-power white input varies, as the filter response is changed, across the closed interval from the minimum eigenvalue to the maximum eigenvalue of the autocorrelation matrix. From this simple fact this paper develops several important relationships between these extreme eigenvalues and the spectrum at the filter input and does so quite simply and without resort to the classic asymptotic approximation with a cyclic matrix. In particular, (1) a pure line spectrum with fewer distinct lines than the matrix order leads to a singular matrix; (2) the spectral minimum/maximum is a lower/upper bound on the minimum/maximum eigenvalue; and (3) those bounds are approached asymptotically with increasing matrix order (the classic result). But the primary purpose of the paper is to use these results to provide intuition, based on filter-optimization experience, for the values of the extreme eigenvalues and for their variation with matrix order and key spectral parameters. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7906 J9 COMPUT ELECTR ENG JI Comput. Electr. Eng. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0045-7906(99)00038-5 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 285QH UT WOS:000085399400003 ER PT J AU Buckley, R Smith, KJ Skelton, HG AF Buckley, R Smith, KJ Skelton, HG TI Generalized essential telangiectasia in a patient with Graves' disease: Should the spectrum of autoimmune diseases associated with generalized telangiectasia be expanded? SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS AB Generalized essential telangiectasia (GET), as originally described, is not associated with any underlying disease. Although patients with GET lack the typical periungual telangiectases associated with autoimmune collagen vascular diseases, these patients may have an underlying autoimmune process. We present a patient with a history of Graves' disease and low-titer anti-nuclear antibodies, who developed rapidly progressive generalized telangiectases. The gender and age of the majority of patients with GET fit well within the demographics of most autoimmune diseases. The documented occurrence of an autoimmune disease in several of the limited number of patients previously diagnosed with GET provides additional evidence that GET may be associated with an underlying autoimmune disease. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Lab Corp Amer, Hurndon, VA USA. RP Buckley, R (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 3 BP 175 EP 177 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 294QR UT WOS:000085922300012 PM 10738639 ER PT J AU Van Orden, KF Broyles, JW AF Van Orden, KF Broyles, JW TI Visuospatial task performance as a function of two- and three-dimensional display presentation techniques SO DISPLAYS LA English DT Article DE 2D displays; 3D displays; stereoscopic displays; volumetric displays; human performance AB Three-dimensional (3D) displays are becoming more widely available and are being applied to a greater variety of human-computer interface domains. Previous research has shown that 3D display of objects and information often is more appealing to the users, but for many tasks it is less useful than the two-dimensional (2D) displays. New display techniques must be assessed for their ability to improve human operator performance. The purpose of this research was to compare human performance on several 2D and 3D display formats across four visuospatial tasks. Qualified military and civilian air traffic controllers completed altitude and speed judgement tasks, a vectoring task, and a collision avoidance task on 2D top-down (plan-view), 3D perspective, 3D stereo, and laser-based 3D volumetric display systems. Each subject's speed and accuracy were measured on each task. Results indicated that the 2D plan or side-view displays yielded performance as good or better than any other display system for speed and altitude judgment tasks. Data presentation on the 3D volumetric display was superior to 3D perspective, 3D stereoscopic, and 2D displays only for the collision avoidance task. These results support previous research suggesting that 3D displays are useful in very specific tasks. The results from the collision avoidance experiment suggest that tasks requiring operators to view and predict future locations of multiple display symbols traversing a confined space (such as relationships between aircraft within the airspace around an airport) appear to be well suited for 3D rendering. Compared to 3D stereoscopic and perspective displays, the veridical display of localized spatial information within a volumetric display may provide high fidelity stereoscopic and parallax cues, improving human performance for some tasks. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Van Orden, KF (reprint author), USN, Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Code D44209,53560 Hull St,5425 Patterson Rd, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-9382 J9 DISPLAYS JI Displays PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0141-9382(00)00024-X PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA 328ZR UT WOS:000087882100003 ER PT J AU Harvey, DP Bonenberger, RJ AF Harvey, DP Bonenberger, RJ TI Detection of fatigue macrocracks in 1100 aluminum from thermomechanical data SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fatigue; crack detection; temperature measurements ID METALS AB Specimens of commercial purity polycrystalline aluminum were cyclically strained to final fracture. During testing the temperature response was monitored at five locations along the gage length of the specimens as a function of applied cycles. For much of the Lest, the rates of temperature increase at different locations on the gage section were relatively uniform. However, before final fracture, the rate of temperature rise at one or two of the monitored locations became greater than those observed in the rest of the gage section. Beach marks and striations were observed on the failure surfaces of the specimens. These fractographic features were used to estimate the number of cycles spent growing a macrocrack under cyclic loading. It was found that the beginning of localized temperature rises corresponded to the beginning of fatigue crack growth which produced striations and beach marks. The thermomechanical data derived from specimen temperature responses were also used to estimate the location of the crack in the gage length of the specimen. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Harvey, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 5 BP 609 EP 620 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(99)00140-X PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 306KA UT WOS:000086594800007 ER PT J AU Potter, MA De Jong, KA AF Potter, Mitchell A. De Jong, Kenneth A. TI Cooperative Coevolution: An Architecture for Evolving Coadapted Subcomponents SO EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Coevolution; genetic algorithms; evolution strategies; emergent decomposition; neural networks AB To successfully apply evolutionary algorithms to the solution of increasingly complex problems, we must develop effective techniques for evolving solutions in the form of interacting coadapted subcomponents. One of the major difficulties is finding computational extensions to our current evolutionary paradigms that will enable such subcomponents to "emerge" rather than being hand designed. In this paper, we describe an architecture for evolving such subcomponents as a collection of cooperating species. Given a simple string-matching task, we show that evolutionary pressure to increase the overall fitness of the ecosystem can provide the needed stimulus for the emergence of an appropriate number of interdependent subcomponents that cover multiple niches, evolve to an appropriate level of generality, and adapt as the number and roles of their fellow subcomponents change over time. We then explore these issues within the context of a more complicated domain through a case study involving the evolution of artificial neural networks. C1 [Potter, Mitchell A.] USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [De Jong, Kenneth A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Potter, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Ctr Appl Res Artificial Intelligence, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mpotter@aic.nrl.navy.mil; kdejong@cs.gmu.edu FU Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. NR 37 TC 551 Z9 597 U1 1 U2 24 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1063-6560 EI 1530-9304 J9 EVOL COMPUT JI Evol. Comput. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1162/106365600568086 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V20AY UT WOS:000208114100002 PM 10753229 ER PT J AU Hebbar, SK Platzer, MF Fritzelas, AE AF Hebbar, SK Platzer, MF Fritzelas, AE TI Reynolds number effects on the vortical-flow structure generated by a double-delta wing SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FILLETS AB An experimental investigation of the high-incidence vortical flowfield over a 76/40 degrees double-delta wing model with sharp leading edges was conducted in the Naval Postgraduate School water tunnel facility at three nominal flow Reynolds numbers of 15000, 45000, and 75000 (based on centerline chord). Extensive flow visualization studies were performed with the dye-injection technique, followed by laser Doppler velocity measurements. The primary objective of this investigation was the determination of the influence of Reynolds number on vortex interactions/trajectories, and breakdown. It was found that there is a significant influence of Reynolds number. Specifically, with the increase of flow Reynolds number the strake and wing vortex trajectories tend to move outboards and closer to the model surface, and the vortex breakdown location moves forwards toward the apex of the model. The intertwining or coiling-up feature of the vortex interaction phenomenon becomes less dominant and disappears altogether at high Reynolds numbers. These trends in the vortex interaction and bursting data are found to be in good agreement with previous wind tunnel data. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hebbar, SK (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s003480050380 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 304HG UT WOS:000086477200002 ER PT J AU Lein, AY Pimenov, NV Savvichev, AS Pavlova, GA Vogt, PR Bogdanov, YA Sagalevich, AM Ivanov, MV AF Lein, AY Pimenov, NV Savvichev, AS Pavlova, GA Vogt, PR Bogdanov, YA Sagalevich, AM Ivanov, MV TI Methane as a source of organic matter and carbon dioxide of carbonates at a cold seep in the Norway sea SO GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VOLCANO FIELD SEAWARD; MUD VOLCANO; OXIDATION; SEDIMENTS; DEPOSITS AB The survey carried out with manned submersibles Mir in the area of gas-saturated and gas hydrate (CH4) vents at an arctic mud volcano (72 degrees N) allowed us to ascertain the specific features typical of most methane seeps, i.e., the carbonate chimneys, up to 30 cm high, the methane plume in the near-bottom water layer (0-25 cm) with active anaerobic methane oxidation, the development of bacterial mats with a predominance of filamentous colorless sulfur bacteria, the development of a benthic symbiotrophic community with prevailing pogonoforas, the mixing of deep CH4 fluid with porous and sea water, the active anaerobic oxidation of migrating methane in surface deposits (0-20 cm) presumably with the paticipation of methane-forming and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and the depletion of carbonate and organic carbon in C-13. About 0.15 l of methane are oxidized each day in one square meter of sediment cover, 0-20 cm thick. The rate of methane-derived carbon incorporation into the bacterial biomass is 11 mg/m(2) per day. The carbone dioxide that is resulted from methane oxidation (similar to 83% of oxidized methane volume) is consumed for the formation of carbonate illite-calcite-barite chimneys, crusts, and nodules. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, IO, Moscow 117851, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, Moscow 117811, Russia. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lein, AY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, IO, Nakhimovskii Pr 36, Moscow 117851, Russia. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0016-7029 J9 GEOCHEM INT+ JI Geochem. Int. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 232 EP 245 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 317EN UT WOS:000087213200004 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Lean, J AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Lean, J TI Understanding the evolution of the Sun's open magnetic flux SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD; TRANSPORT; CYCLE-21 AB The large-scale magnetic field of the Sun, including the open flux that extends into the interplanetary medium, originates in active regions but is redistributed over the photosphere by differential rotation, supergranular convection, and poleward meridional flow. We use simulations to clarify the role of the surface transport processes in the evolution of the total open flux, Phi(open), which determines the strength of the radial interplanetary field component. Representing the initial photospheric field configuration by one or more bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs), we show that Phi(open), varies approximately as the net dipole strength, determined by vectorially summing the dipole moments of the individual BMRs. As meridional flow carries the BMR flux to higher latitudes, the equatorial dipole component is annihilated on a timescale similar to 1 yr by the combined effect of rotational shearing and supergranular diffusion. The remaining flux becomes concentrated around the poles, and Phi(open) approaches a Limiting value that depends on the axisymmetric dipole strength of the original active regions. We discuss the implications of these results for the solar cycle evolution of Phi(open). C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 12 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 5 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1029/1999GL010759 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 288YJ UT WOS:000085591800010 ER PT J AU Ehret, BD Gray, WD Kirschenbaum, SS AF Ehret, BD Gray, WD Kirschenbaum, SS TI Contending with complexity: Developing and using a scaled world in applied cognitive research SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID MICROWORLDS AB Scaled worlds preserve certain functional relationships of a complex task environment while paring away others. The functional relationships preserved are defined by the questions of interest to the researcher. Different scaled worlds of the same task may preserve and pare away different functional relationships. In this paper we use the example of Ned to discuss the use of scaled worlds in applied cognitive research. Ned is based on a detailed cognitive task analysis of submarine approach officers as they attempt to localize an enemy submarine hiding in deep water. For Ned we attempted to preserve the functional relationships inherent in the approach officer's information environment while paring away other aspects of his task environment. Scaled worlds attempt to maintain the realism inherent in the preserved functional relationship while being tractable for the researcher and engaging to the participant. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr Div, Newport, RI USA. RP Gray, WD (reprint author), George Mason Univ, MSN 2E5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gray@gmu.edu RI Gray, Wayne/C-1809-2008 OI Gray, Wayne/0000-0002-1704-7433 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SPR PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 8 EP 23 DI 10.1518/001872000779656606 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 329XK UT WOS:000087933600002 PM 10917143 ER PT J AU Fowlkes, JE Salas, E Baker, DP Cannon-Bowers, JA Stout, RJ AF Fowlkes, JE Salas, E Baker, DP Cannon-Bowers, JA Stout, RJ TI The utility of event-based knowledge elicitation SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; EXPERTS AB The purpose of this investigation was to describe and evaluate an event-based knowledge elicitation technique. With this approach experts are provided with deliberate and controlled job situations, allowing investigation of specific task aspects and the comparison of expert responses. For this effort a videotape was developed showing an instructor pilot and student conducting a training mission. Various job situations were depicted in the video to gather information pertinent to understanding team situational awareness. The videotape was shown to 10 instructors and 10 student aviators in the community, and responses to the videotape were collected using a questionnaire at predetermined stop points. Consistent with expectations, the results showed that more experienced respondents (i.e., instructors) identified a richer database of cues and were more likely than students to identify strategies for responding to the situations depicted, providing some empirical evidence for the validity of the event-based technique. This method may serve as a useful knowledge elicitation technique, especially in the later stages of a job analysis when focused information is sought. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Amer Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. USN, Air Warface Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. Alignmark, Orlando, FL USA. RP Salas, E (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Psychol, POB 161390, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SPR PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1518/001872000779656615 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 329XK UT WOS:000087933600003 PM 10917144 ER PT J AU Cooke, NJ Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA Stout, RJ AF Cooke, NJ Salas, E Cannon-Bowers, JA Stout, RJ TI Measuring team knowledge SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID MENTAL MODELS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; IMPACT AB Multioperator tasks often require complex cognitive processing at the team level. Many team cognitive processes, such as situation assessment and coordination, are thought to rely on team knowledge. Team knowledge is multifaceted and comprises relatively generic knowledge in the form of team mental models and more specific team situation models. In this methodological review paper, we review recent efforts to measure team knowledge in the context of mapping specific methods onto features of targeted team knowledge. Team knowledge features include type, homogeneity versus heterogeneity, and rate of knowledge change. Measurement features include knowledge elicitation method, team metric, and aggregation method. When available, we highlight analytical conclusions or empirical data that support a connection between team knowledge and measurement method. In addition, we present empirical results concerning the relation between team knowledge and performance for each measurement method and identify research and methodological needs. Addressing issues surrounding the measurement of team knowledge is a prerequisite to understanding team cognition and its relation to team performance and to designing training programs or devices to facilitate team cognition. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Psychol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Training Syst Div, Orlando, FL USA. AlignMark, Maitland, FL USA. RP Cooke, NJ (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Psychol, Box 30001-3452, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM cooke@crl.nmsu.edu OI Cannon-Bowers, Janis/0000-0003-2154-4456 NR 74 TC 174 Z9 182 U1 2 U2 28 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SPR PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 151 EP 173 DI 10.1518/001872000779656561 PG 23 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 329XK UT WOS:000087933600010 PM 10917151 ER PT J AU Ellis, JM Henson, V Slack, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK AF Ellis, JM Henson, V Slack, R Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hurley, CK TI Frequencies of HLA-A2 alleles in five US population groups - Predominance of A*02011 and identification of HLA-A*0231 SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE class I; DNA sequencing; HLA-A2; frequency studies ID FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; PEPTIDE BINDING; MELANOMA-CELLS; SUBTYPES; EXPRESSION; ANTIGENS; DETERMINANTS; RESTRICTION; DNA AB Direct DNA sequencing was used to determine the frequency of alleles within the HLA-A2 family in five US population groups. The most frequency detected HLA-A2 allele in ail groups was HLA-A*02011. Caucasian and Native American popular-ions appear to be the most homogeneous exhibiting 95.7% and 94.3% A*02011, respectively. Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander populations were the most: allelicly diverse populations with 9 and 7 different HLA-A2 alleles present, respectively, but the majority of the populations were HLA-A*02011. African-Americans were also diverse, nor in thr number of alleles seen, bur in the percentage of non-A*02011 alleles in the population. HLA-A*0202 (25.8%) and A*0205 (12.9%) were present in a large percentage of African-Americans. Only 13 of the 31 known HLA-A2 alleles were observed in the study. The allelic distributions reflected statistically significant differences among population groups. (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 2000. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. Methodist Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Res Bldg E404,3970 Reservori Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0198-8859(99)00155-X PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 287LH UT WOS:000085507000020 PM 10689125 ER PT J AU Rupert, AH AF Rupert, AH TI An instrumentation solution for reducing spatial disorientation mishaps - A more "natural" approach to maintaining spatial orientation SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SUPERIOR COLLICULUS RP Rupert, AH (reprint author), USN, Med Corps, Naval Aerosp Med Res Lab, 51 Hovey Rd, Penascola, FL 32508 USA. NR 12 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1109/51.827409 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 294TG UT WOS:000085926000014 PM 10738664 ER PT J AU Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR Carruthers, TF Duling, IN AF Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR Carruthers, TF Duling, IN TI Pulse dropout in harmonically mode-locked fiber lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mode-locked lasers; nonlinear optics; optical fiber lasers; pulsed lasers solitons ID SOLITONS AB We have studied theoretically and experimentally supermode competition in an actively mode-locked Er-fiber laser that operates in a high harmonic mode. Using an innovative numerical technique that allows us to properly account for the complex interaction of multiple pulses with the gain media, ive could study the dynamics that leads to supermode competition, pulse dropouts, and pulse pair generation, and to accurately predict the Limits of the stable operating regime. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USARL, Lab Telecommun Sci, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Horowitz, M (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1109/68.826909 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 297DZ UT WOS:000086067700014 ER PT J AU Gerstoft, P Gingras, DF Rogers, LT Hodgkiss, WS AF Gerstoft, P Gingras, DF Rogers, LT Hodgkiss, WS TI Estimation of radio refractivity structure using matched-field array processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE antenna arrays; electromagnetic propagation in nonhomogeneous media; refractivity estimation; signal processing; UHF radio propagation ID PARABOLIC EQUATION; SHALLOW-WATER; PROPAGATION; TROPOSPHERE; PARAMETERS; INVERSION AB In coastal regions the presence of the marine boundary layer can significantly affect RF propagation, The relatively high specific humidity of the underlying "marine layer" creates elevated trapping layers in the radio refractivity structure. While direct sensing techniques provide good data, they are limited in their temporal and spatial scope. There is a need for assessing the three-dimensional (3-D) time-varying refractivity structure. Recently published results (Gingras et al, [1]) indicate that matched-field processing methods hold promise for remotely sensing the refractive profile structure between an emitter and receive array, This paper is aimed at precisely quantifying the performance one can expect with matched-held processing methods for remote sensing of the refractivity structure using signal strength measurements from a single emitter to an array of radio receivers. The performance is determined,ia simulation and is evaluated as a function of: 1) the aperture of the receive array; 2) the refractivity profile model; and 3) the objective function used in the optimization. Refractivity profile estimation results are provided for a surface-based duct example, an elevated duct example, and a sequence of time-varying refractivity profiles. The refractivity profiles used were based on radiosonde measurements collected off the coast of southern California. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Space & Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Gerstoft, P (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Gerstoft, Peter/B-2842-2009; OI Gerstoft, Peter/0000-0002-0471-062X NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 48 IS 3 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.1109/8.841895 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 311NK UT WOS:000086890300001 ER PT J AU Ige, OO Aized, D Bushko, D Curda, A Medeiros, R Snitchler, G Golda, EM AF Ige, OO Aized, D Bushko, D Curda, A Medeiros, R Snitchler, G Golda, EM TI A demonstration HTS magnet for minesweeping application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 02, 1999 CL NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB, PONTE VEDRA BEACH, FLORIDA SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, State Florida, Brookhaven Natl Lab, BWX Technol Inc, Florida State Univ, Off Res, IEEE, Council Superconductiv, Magnex Sci Ltd, Oxford Instruments, Res Instruments Div, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, NHMFL, Los Almos Natl Lab, Pulsed Field Facil, USN, Res Off, US DOE, Div High Energy Phys, US DOE, Superconductiv Program Elect Power, Vacuumschmeleze GmbH HO NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB AB The potential of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets for use in naval mine countermeasure (MCM) systems is being investigated. Parametric studies were performed to determine an optimal system that fits within a 560-mm diameter by 3-m long envelope, and is capable of generating a dipole moment of 300 kAm(2). A demonstration model magnet, of dipole moment 15 kAm(2), was layer-wound on a 457-mm mandrel. This is one of the largest layer-wound HTS solenoid magnets constructed to date. The magnet is conduction-cooled with a two-stage cryocooler. It has low AC loss and can be ramped up to full current (381 A) in 1 second. The magnet has been tested to 400 A DC current with minimal voltage. The design and construction of the magnet will be presented. C1 Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Ige, OO (reprint author), Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.1109/77.828276 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 295DD UT WOS:000085950700108 ER PT J AU Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Mason, PA AF Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Mason, PA TI Variability in EMF permittivity values: Implications for SAR calculations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE conductivity; dielectric values; dosimetry; finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD); Mie; radio frequency; radiation ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TISSUES; MUSCLE AB Digital anatomical models of man and animals are available for use in numerical calculations to predict electromagnetic field (EMF)-induced specific absorption rate (SAR) values, To use these models, permittivity values are assigned to the various tissues for the EMF frequencies of interest, There is, as;ret, no consensus on what are the best permittivity data. This study analyzed the variability in published permittivity data and investigated the effects of permittivity values that are proportional on SAR calculations. Whole-sphere averaged and localized SAR values along the diameter of a 4-cm sphere are calculated for EMF exposures in the radio frequency range of I MHz to 1 GHz. When the dimensions of a sphere are small compared to the wavelength (i.e., wavelength inside the material is greater than ten times the dimensions of the object), the whole-sphere averaged SAR is inversely proportional to the permittivity of the material composing the sphere, However, the localized SAR values generally do not hare the same relation and, as a matter of fact, vary greatly depending on the location within the sphere, These results indicate that care must be taken in choosing the permittivity values used in calculating SAR values and some estimate of the dependence of the calculated SAR values on variability in permittivity should be determined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP Hurt, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Bldg 1184,8308 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 396 EP 401 DI 10.1109/10.827308 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 289PP UT WOS:000085631400014 PM 10743782 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Lester, LF Baca, AG Shul, RJ Chang, PC Willison, CG Mishra, UK Denbaars, SP Zolper, JC AF Zhang, L Lester, LF Baca, AG Shul, RJ Chang, PC Willison, CG Mishra, UK Denbaars, SP Zolper, JC TI Epitaxially-grown GaN junction field effect transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE current collapse; GaN; JFET; Mott-Gurney law; transconductance; velocity saturation ID P-N-JUNCTIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; PERFORMANCE; MODFETS; BREAKDOWN; DEVICES AB Junction field effect transistors (JFET's) are fabricated on a GaN epitaxial structure grown by metal organic chemical raper deposition (MOCVD), The de and microwave characteristics of the device are presented. A junction breakdown voltage of 56 V is obtained corresponding to the theoretical limit of the breakdown field in GaN for the doping levels used, A maximum extrinsic transconductance (g(m)) of 48 mS/mm and a maximum source-drain current of 270 mA/mm are achieved on a 0.8 mu m gate JFET device at V-GS = 1 V and V-DS = 15 V. The intrinsic transconductance, calculated from the measured g(m) and the source series resistance, is 81 mS/mm, The f(T) and f(max) for these devices are 6 GHz and 12 GHz, respectively. These JFET's exhibit a significant current reduction after a high drain bias is applied, which is attributed to a partially depleted channel caused by trapped hot-electrons in the semi-insulating GaN buffer layer. A theoretical model describing the current collapse is presented, and an estimate for the length of the trapped electron region is given. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD MAR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.1109/16.824716 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 291YA UT WOS:000085766300003 ER PT J AU Rauscher, C AF Rauscher, C TI Two-branch microwave channelized active bandpass filters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE channelized filter; microwave active filter; microwave band-reject filter; microwave low-distortion active filter; microwave low-noise active filter; microwave notch filter; miniature high-selectivity filter; miniature microwave filter ID TRANSVERSAL AB The realization of small highly selective microwave filters has emerged as a prominent issue in the design of miniaturized high-frequency systems. In this paper, a new way to implement channelized active bandpass Biters is presented that deals with the impasse, The concept involves a two-branch configuration, which yields filter circuits that are more compact and offer lower noise figures than earlier three-branch versions, while still retaining all the advantages of channelized feedforward operation. The practicability of the technique is demonstrated,vith two 10-GHz bandpass filters of different design, whose assessed performance characteristics include signal distortion and noise properties. C1 USN, Res Lab, Solid State Circuits Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rauscher, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Solid State Circuits Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 48 IS 3 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1109/22.826844 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 294LG UT WOS:000085912300015 ER PT J AU Posey, R Vohra, ST Tveten, AB AF Posey, R Vohra, ST Tveten, AB TI Simultaneous measurements of temperature and strain using stimulated Brillouin scattering in GeO2-doped core and dispersion shifted fiber SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE fiber optic sensing; nonlinear optics; and interferometers ID FREQUENCY; SILICA AB Simultaneous measurements of temperature and strain were demonstrated by measuring the stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency shift and gain in two separate types of optical fibers: dispersion shifted and special GeO2-doped optical fiber. This novel approach allows for a hybrid frequency division and time division multiplexing scheme for developing advanced distributed strain sensing. The preliminary measurements show a temperature resolution of approximately 1.6 degrees C and a strain resolution of 32 mu epsilon. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Posey, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM rposey@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8524 EI 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD MAR PY 2000 VL E83C IS 3 BP 413 EP 417 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 298NY UT WOS:000086147100024 ER PT J AU Vohra, S Johnson, G Todd, M Danver, B Althouse, B AF Vohra, S Johnson, G Todd, M Danver, B Althouse, B TI Distributed strain monitoring with arrays of fiber Bragg grating sensors on an in-construction steel box-girder bridge SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Bragg gratings; strain sensors; Fabry-Perot; structural monitoring AB This paper describes the implementation of a Bragg grating-based strain-monitoring system on the Viaduc des Vaux bridge during its construction in 1997 and 1998. The bridge was constructed in a cantilevered, push/pull incremental launching method, and data obtained from two tests were shown to reveal interesting features of the box-girder strain response during the push and pull phases, particularly with regard to limit loads and local buckling. When appropriate, data were compared to data obtained from conventional resistive strain gages and from simple analytical models. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Associates, Lanham, MD USA. RP Vohra, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM miketodd@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 9 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 0916-8524 EI 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD MAR PY 2000 VL E83C IS 3 BP 454 EP 461 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 298NY UT WOS:000086147100032 ER PT J AU Kallen, AJ Driscoll, TJ Thornton, S Olson, PE Wallace, MR AF Kallen, AJ Driscoll, TJ Thornton, S Olson, PE Wallace, MR TI Increase in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a Naval Medical Center SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A retrospective review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the Naval Medical Center, San Diego, for the years 1994 through 1997, found that the annual number of community-acquired MRSA isolates increased during the period. These outpatient isolates were more likely than inpatient isolates to be sensitive to a greater number of antibiotics. C1 USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Naval Environm & Prevent Med Unit 5 LCDR Thornton, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kallen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 9 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 223 EP 226 DI 10.1086/501750 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 294VG UT WOS:000085930600012 PM 10738996 ER PT J AU Kallen, AJ Driscoll, TJ Calloway, M Wallace, MR AF Kallen, AJ Driscoll, TJ Calloway, M Wallace, MR TI Fluoroquinolone sensitivities among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Div Microbiol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Kallen, AJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Invest, Code AVA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 139 EP 140 DI 10.1097/00019048-200009030-00010 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 287RT UT WOS:000085520300010 ER PT J AU Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I AF Schwartz, IB Triandaf, I TI Tracking sustained chaos SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK-CONTROL; TRANSIENT CHAOS; LASER; ATTRACTORS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; HYSTERESIS; CRISIS AB Tracking unstable periodic states first introduced in [Schwartz & Triandaf, 1992] is the process of continuing unstable solutions as a systems parameter is varied in experiments. The tracked dynamical objects have been periodic saddles of well-defined finite periods. However, other saddles, such as chaotic saddles, have not been successfully "tracked," or continued. In this paper, we introduce a new yet simple method which can be used to track chaotic saddles in dynamical systems, which allows an experimentalist to sustain chaotic transients far away from crisis parameter values. The method is illustrated on a periodically driven CO2 laser. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Div Plasma Phys,Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Schwartz, IB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Div Plasma Phys,Special Project Nonlinear Sci, Code 6900-IS, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Schwartz, Ira/A-8073-2009 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD MAR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 571 EP 578 DI 10.1142/S0218127400000384 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 313HB UT WOS:000086993300004 ER PT J AU Ditto, WL Spano, ML In, V Neff, J Meadows, B Langberg, JJ Bolmann, A McTeague, K AF Ditto, WL Spano, ML In, V Neff, J Meadows, B Langberg, JJ Bolmann, A McTeague, K TI Control of human atrial fibrillation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article ID UNSTABLE PERIODIC-ORBITS; TIME-SERIES; VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; CONTROLLING CHAOS; NONLINEAR CONTROL; SYSTEMS; DOGS; CARE AB Chaos control has been applied to control atrial fibrillation in humans. Results are presented on the application and evaluation of chaos control for slowing and regularizing local electrical activation of the right atrium of humans during induced atrial fibrillation. C1 Control Dynam Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Appl Chaos Lab, GT Emory Biomed Engn Dept, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Lab, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Emory Univ Hosp, Electrophysiol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ditto, WL (reprint author), Control Dynam Inc, 1662 101st Pl SE, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. RI Spano, Mark/B-6883-2011; OI Ditto, William/0000-0002-7416-8012 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD MAR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1142/S0218127400000402 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 313HB UT WOS:000086993300006 ER PT J AU Johnstone, PAS Gray, C Powell, CR AF Johnstone, PAS Gray, C Powell, CR TI Quality of life in T1-3N0 prostate cancer patients treated with radiation therapy with minimum 10-year follow-up SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; surgical staging; radiotherapy; pelvic lymph node dissection; quality of life ID SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE; EXTERNAL-BEAM RADIATION; OF-LIFE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; PELVIC RADIOTHERAPY; OUTCOMES; SEQUELAE; MEN; COMPLICATIONS; DATABASE AB Purpose: To describe patient-reported quality of life using a validated survey in a cohort of patients who are long-term survivors of definitive radiotherapy for T1-3N0 prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Survivors of a previously reported cohort of prostate cancer patients treated with staging pelvic lymphadenectomy and definitive radiotherapy between November 1974 and August 1988 were queried using a questionnaire incorporating the RAND 36-Item Health Survey and the University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index. Responses were reviewed and analyzed. Of the 146 N0 patients, 88 have survived for 10 years postdiagnosis. Fifty-six (64%) of these patients were still alive with valid addresses and were mailed copies of the questionnaires, of which 46 (82%) responded. Median potential follow-up from date of diagnosis was 13.9 years, with a median age of responders of 80 years. Results: The mean sexual function score was 15.4, with a bother score of 42. The mean urinary function score was 65, with a bother score of 61. The mean bowel function score was 72.6, with a bother score of 64.8. The amount of patient bother reported in the sexual category is similar to that previously reported for cohorts of prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy or observation. This is despite the fact that sexual function was similar to that previously reported for patients postprostatectomy. Patient-reported function and bother scores in urinary and bowel categories were somewhat more severe than a previously reported radiotherapy cohort with shorter follow-up. Conclusions: With long follow-up, most patients who underwent radiotherapy for prostate cancer in the era described exhibit somewhat worse bladder, bowel, and erectile function than recently published controls without prostate cancer. In this cohort of older men with long follow-up, erectile function is similar to reported prostatectomy series. However, patient bather related to erectile function is similar to that of controls in earlier published radiotherapy series. Worse urinary and bowel function may be due to progressive symptoms with aging and longer follow-up, or to the radiotherapy techniques performed during the era in question. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Johnstone, PAS (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Div Radiat Oncol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 46 IS 4 BP 833 EP 838 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00496-4 PG 6 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 293JJ UT WOS:000085848100005 PM 10705003 ER PT J AU Porch, D AF Porch, D TI Military "culture" and the fall of France in 1940 - A review essay SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Porch, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 157 EP 180 DI 10.1162/016228800560336 PG 24 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 296EK UT WOS:000086009900005 ER PT J AU Malone, JD Sheffield, J Tribble, D Lowe-Bey, F Cannon, M Slaughter-Allen, M Brown, AE Kanki, PJ AF Malone, JD Sheffield, J Tribble, D Lowe-Bey, F Cannon, M Slaughter-Allen, M Brown, AE Kanki, PJ TI Evaluation of three Rapid/Simple tests for detection of HIV-2 antibodies SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 USN, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. USN, Inst Med Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Combined Mil Diagnost Retrovirol Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Malone, JD (reprint author), USN, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 281 EP 283 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 311KP UT WOS:000086883600012 PM 10839666 ER PT J AU Koyak, RA Schmehl, RL Cox, DC Dewalt, FG Haugen, MM Schwemberger, JG Scalera, JV AF Koyak, RA Schmehl, RL Cox, DC Dewalt, FG Haugen, MM Schwemberger, JG Scalera, JV TI Statistical models for the evaluation of portable lead measurement technologies - Part II: X-ray fluorescence instruments SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE heteroscedastic regression; lead testing; measurement error models; normal-lognormal mixture; variance component estimation; X-ray spectrometry ID LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION AB X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instruments, used to test for lead in paint, were evaluated in a field study of portable lead measurement technologies, sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The bias and precision of an XRF instrument were the performance criteria of interest. Estimates of these quantities were obtained using a linear, heteroscedastic model relating XRF measurements to the lead levels detected using laboratory analysis. The model accounts for the fact that the true lead levels were not known by introducing a lognormal measurement error component. This paper discusses properties of the model and its estimation using field study data. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. QuanTech Inc, Rosslyn, VA 22009 USA. Special Syst Inc, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. US EPA, Off Prevent Pesticides & Tox Subst, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Koyak, RA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, 1411 Cunningham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGRIC BIOL ENVIR S JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 5 IS 1 BP 37 EP 57 DI 10.2307/1400630 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 302XM UT WOS:000086391800003 ER PT J AU Tai, TC AF Tai, TC TI Effect of external components on V-22 aircraft forward-flight aerodynamics SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB The effects of protuberances, forward-looking infrared, AAR47 sensor fairing, and refueling boom on V-22 forward Right aerodynamics using computational fluid dynamics are investigated. The multizone Navier-Stokes method is applied to the flow over a complete V-22 wing-fuselage-nacelle configuration, with and without external components. The angle of attack varies from 0 to 16 deg in forward Eight. A slight increase in drag is found at 0-deg angle of attack for an aircraft configured with the external units; this effect decreases as the angle of attack increases from zero to moderate values. However, at high angles of attack, the added how disturbances due to attachments seems to worsen tail buffeting and lift-to-drag ratio. The numerical results are in general agreement with recent flight test data. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Marine & Aviat Dept, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Tai, TC (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Marine & Aviat Dept, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 37 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.2514/2.2607 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 302YP UT WOS:000086394300002 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI Mastering the market: The state and the grain trade in northern France, 1700-1860. SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-0507 J9 J ECON HIST JI J. Econ. Hist. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 60 IS 1 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Economics; History; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; History; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 295DG UT WOS:000085951000026 ER PT J AU Carroll, SA Carr, LE Mallinson, ET Lamichanne, C Rice, BE Rollins, DM Joseph, SW AF Carroll, SA Carr, LE Mallinson, ET Lamichanne, C Rice, BE Rollins, DM Joseph, SW TI Development and evaluation of a 24-hour method for the detection and quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in meat products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COLONY-LIFT IMMUNOASSAY; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; RAPID DETECTION; FOODS; HYBRIDIZATION; ENUMERATION; PROBE; COLI AB A 24-h filter monitor-based test, Listeria-SELeCT, has been developed to quantify Listeria monocytogenes organisms in meat samples with a sensitivity of less than or equal to 1.0 CFU/g. The technique comprises a filter monitor-based system and a colony lift immunoassay to identify and enumerate the target organism. Meat homogenates were centrifuged and the eluate was filtered to trap and immobilize the microorganisms on the filter. Fraser broth was then added to the filter apparatus to allow the organisms to become established overnight and to inhibit contaminants, after which the filters were transferred onto Modified Oxford medium agar, a selective medium for L. monocytogenes. After 10 to 12 h, a colony lift immunoassay was used to confirm and enumerate suspect colonies on the filter. A correlation study between the Listeria-SELeCT method and the most probable number technique showed the Listeria-SELeCT to be considerably more accurate than the most probable number for quantitatively determining the number of viable organisms in meat samples. Because of ease and speed of testing, the Listeria-SELeCT system also provided major advantages over the most probable number technology. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, VPI UMD Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Kirkegaard & Perry Labs, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USN, Enter Dis Program, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Carroll, SA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 290VL UT WOS:000085698500010 PM 10716564 ER PT J AU Sheeley, NR Hakala, WN Wang, YM AF Sheeley, NR Hakala, WN Wang, YM TI Detection of coronal mass ejection associated shock waves in the outer corona SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; RADIO-BURSTS; STREAMERS; EVENTS AB White light coronal images from the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft show disturbances propagating away from high speed coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The disturbances are faintly visible ahead of the ejected material at the noses of the CMEs but are strongly visible along the flanks and rear ends, where they produce kinks in the streamers and other raylike features that extend in all directions from the Sun at this phase of the sunspot cycle. The kinks decelerate as they move radially outward along the rays, apparently indicating the slowing of the entire wave front as it passes by. For a fast CME seen head on (or tail on) the deceleration occurs at virtually all position angles around the occulting disk. However, for a CME seen obliquely the speed varies strongly with position angle, being fast and uniform near the nose but slower and decelerating at the sides and rear where the deflected rays are more inclined from the sky plane and farther from the Sun. The initial speeds (greater than or similar to 800-1400 km/s) are faster than the nominal MHD speed (similar to 600 km/s) at these heights, implying that these disturbances are shock waves, made visible like "amber waves of grain" [Bates, 1895] in the field of coronal rays around the Sun. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sheeley, NR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7672W,4555 Overlook Ave S W, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Hakala, Walter/I-5892-2014 OI Hakala, Walter/0000-0002-2109-446X NR 32 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A3 BP 5081 EP 5092 DI 10.1029/1999JA000338 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 288TY UT WOS:000085581600001 ER PT J AU Sofair, I AF Sofair, I TI Improved method for Calculating Exact Geodetic Latitude and Altitude revisited SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Strateg Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Sofair, I (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Strateg Syst Dept, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 369 EP 369 DI 10.2514/2.4534 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 294KC UT WOS:000085909600024 ER PT J AU Phillips, CA Malyevac, DS AF Phillips, CA Malyevac, DS TI Exoatmospheric interceptor pulse motor optimization with discrete bias removal SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Missile Syst Engn Branch, Weapons Syst Dept,Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Phillips, CA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Missile Syst Engn Branch, Weapons Syst Dept,Dahlgren Div, G23,17320 Dahlgren Rd, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 376 EP 378 DI 10.2514/2.4537 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 294KC UT WOS:000085909600027 ER PT J AU Brennan, T AF Brennan, T TI Land and money - Agriculture and credit in France, 18th century to early 20th century SO JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0022-1953 J9 J INTERDISCIPL HIST JI J. Interdiscip. Hist. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 681 EP 683 DI 10.1162/jinh.2000.30.4.681 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 307XR UT WOS:000086679900034 ER PT J AU Majde, JA AF Majde, JA TI Viral double-stranded RNA, cytokines, and the flu SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID NF-KAPPA-B; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; INFLUENZA-VIRUS INFECTION; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; MACROPHAGE SCAVENGER RECEPTORS; POLY RI-RC; INTERFERON-BETA; MESSENGER-RNA; POLYCYTIDYLIC ACID; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AB The symptoms of the flu, such as fever, drowsiness, and malaise, are the sole means by which this common clinical syndrome is defined. The syndrome is usually the first clinical manifestation of both acute bacterial and viral infections. In the case of acute bacterial infections, several proinflammatory cytokines induced by bacterial products have been implicated as the causative agents of the flu syndrome. Viruses induce similar cytokines to bacteria, plus substantial amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), although the direct association of these cytokines with the viral flu syndrome is less clear. Furthermore, the viral inducer(s) of cytokines has not been defined. The best candidate cytokine inducer associated with a majority of viral infections is virus-associated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), This review examines the essential physical properties of toxic dsRNA, the cytokines induced by it, its viral and cellular sources, evidence for its presence in infected cells, its quantities in normal and infected cells, its cytotoxic mechanisms, and its cell-penetration properties. Toxic effects of viruses and dsRNA are compared. Energetics and extraction artifact issues are also discussed. Whereas most research on dsRNA toxicity has employed synthetic dsRNA, studies with virus-associated dsRNA are featured when available, Finally, a model for how viral dsRNA might initiate systemic disease is presented. C1 Off Naval Res, Med Sci & Technol Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Majde, JA (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Med Sci & Technol Div, ONR 341,800 N Quincy St,Room 823, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD36520] NR 189 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 3 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1089/107999000312397 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 297EY UT WOS:000086070000001 PM 10762073 ER PT J AU Stanford, TB AF Stanford, TB TI Four observations on n-triviality and Brunnian links SO JOURNAL OF KNOT THEORY AND ITS RAMIFICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INVARIANTS; KNOTS AB Brunnian links have been known for a long time in knot theory, whereas the idea of n-triviality is a recent innovation. We illustrate the relationship between the two concepts with four short theorems. C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Stanford, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, 572 Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2165 J9 J KNOT THEOR RAMIF JI J. Knot Theory Ramifications PD MAR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 2 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1142/S0218216500000104 PG 7 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 303GU UT WOS:000086414800004 ER PT J AU Vachet, RW Callahan, JH AF Vachet, RW Callahan, JH TI Quadrupole ion trap studies of the structure and reactivity of transition metal ion pair complexes SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE transition metal complex; counter ions; coordination; ion-molecule reactions; fragmentation ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; GAS-PHASE COMPLEXES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; DIIMINE LIGANDS; AMINO-ACIDS; BOMBARDMENT; 2,2'-BIPYRIDINE; PHENANTHROLINE AB Ion pairs are common species observed in the electrospray mass spectra of transition metal coordination complexes, To understand the nature of these ion pairs, a systematic study of the gas-phase chemistry of these species using ion-molecule reactions and collision-induced dissociation (CID) was carried out. Ion pair complexes of the type MLnX+ (where M is Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II), L is 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine or 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and X is Cl-, NO3-, acetylacetonate, ClO4-, acetate or SCN-) were studied. Ion-molecule reactions can distinguish whether the counterion in an ion pair is an inner- or outer-sphere ligand and can determine the coordination mode of the counterion, In addition, CID and ion-molecule reactions reveal some interesting chemistry of these complexes and unique coordination modes for some of the anions studied here were inferred from the ion-molecule reactions. For example, the thiocyanate ion is found to coordinate in a bidentate fashion in Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes, contrasting behavior typically observed in solution. Also, certain Co(TI) and Fe(II) ion pair complexes undergo oxidation reactions in which species such as dioxygen and nitric oxide from the counterions ClO4- and NO3- are transferred to the Co(II) and Fe(II) complexes, showing the inherent affinity of these metals for these molecules. These complexes were also studied by ion-molecule reactions and CID, Dioxygen in complexes formed by CID is demonstrated to be bidentate, suggesting the formation of a peroxo ligand with concurrent oxidation of the metal. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Callahan, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6115, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(200003)35:3<311::AID-JMS918>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 296JL UT WOS:000086021200003 ER PT J AU Kim, J Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS Miller, MM Gilmore, CM AF Kim, J Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS Miller, MM Gilmore, CM TI Growth mechanism of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films and precipitates on planar and vicinal SrTiO3 substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE OUTGROWTHS; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRAIN; MGO; TEMPERATURE; DISLOCATIONS; RELAXATION AB Effects of the vicinal angle, film thickness, and temperature on the growth modes, microstructures, and electrical properties of YBa2Cu3O7-delta on SrTiO3 were studied. Island growth transition between the initial nucleation and the later coalescence stages was observed with film thickness on a planar SrTiO3, while no islands were observed at the later stage due to the step-flow mode. As the growth temperature increased, a-axis precipitates were transformed to c-axis precipitates (islands), while no islands formed on vicinal SrTiO3. The supercurrent critical temperature was strongly related to the substrate vicinal angle due to the step-flow mode. C1 George Washington Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20006 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 596 EP 613 DI 10.1557/JMR.2000.0090 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 290VK UT WOS:000085698400005 ER PT J AU Branch, MA Carlson, CR Okeson, JP AF Branch, MA Carlson, CR Okeson, JP TI Influence of biased clinician statements on patient report of referred pain SO JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL PAIN LA English DT Article DE bias; referred pain; temporomandibular joint disorders; muscular pain; pain measurement ID PRESSURE PAIN; RELIABILITY; INSTRUCTIONS; PERCEPTION; THRESHOLDS; SYMPTOMS; MUSCLES; ANXIETY AB Aims: The purpose of this study runs to examine the influence of clinician bins on patients' reports of referred pain. Diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders is dependent on subjective reports of pain and referred pain upon manual muscle palpation. The influence of biased clinician statements in such subjective reports has not been previously investigated. Methods: Forty subjects with pain and who met specific inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to a standardized biasing statement, while the other group was not. Tender points in the masseter muscle were then stimulated with a pressure algometer to the pressure-pain threshold. Subjects then recorded the presence or absence, location, intensify, and unpleasantness of any referred pain. State-trait anxiety and social desirability were also assessed to explore the possibility that anxiety levels or subjects' desires to please the experimental influenced results. Results: The biased group reported increased presence (P < 0.01), intensity (P < 0.001), and unpleasantness (P < 0.003) of referred pain as compared to the,lon-biased group. There were no differences between groups on state-trait anxiety or social desirability (P > 0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that patient reports of pain referral may be subject to clinician bias, mid recommendations to control this bias are offered. C1 USN, Dent Ctr, CDR MA Branch, Dept Head TMD Orofacial Pain, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Orofacial Pain Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. RP Branch, MA (reprint author), USN, Dent Ctr, CDR MA Branch, Dept Head TMD Orofacial Pain, 2310 Craven St, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBL CO INC PI CAROL STREAM PA 551 NORTH KIMBERLY DR, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-1881 USA SN 1064-6655 J9 J OROFAC PAIN JI J. Orofac. Pain PD SPR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 349XC UT WOS:000089070000006 PM 11203746 ER PT J AU Viudez, A Haney, RL Allen, JT AF Viudez, A Haney, RL Allen, JT TI A study of the balance of horizontal momentum in a vertical shearing current SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ALBORAN SEA; SYNOPTIC HYDROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS; ANTICYCLONIC GYRES; CIRCULATION; GIBRALTAR; STRAIT; VORTICITY; MOTION; WATER AB Horizontal current and density data fields are analyzed in order to validate, from an experimental point of view, the contribution of the advective and Coriolis accelerations and the hydrostatic pressure gradient term to the balance of horizontal momentum. The relative importance of the vertical advection of horizontal velocity in this balance is estimated by solving the quasigeostrophic (QG) omega equation. The analysis of the balance of horizontal momentum is carried out using data from three consecutive high-resolution samplings of the Atlantic jet (AJ) and western Alboran gyre (WAG) on the eastern side of the Strait of Gibraltar. The horizontal velocity reached maximum values of 1.30 m s(-1) in the AJ at the surface. The ageostrophic velocity field reaches maximum absolute values of 30 cm s(-1) at the surface, thus confirming the supergeostrophic nature of the AJ. At the surface the pressure gradient term reaches absolute values of 8-10 (x10(-5) m s(-2)), the Coriolis acceleration 10-12 (X10(-5) m s(-2)), and the advective horizontal acceleration 3 X 10(-5) m s(-2). The vertical advection of horizontal velocity by the QG vertical velocity at 100 m is one order of magnitude smaller [O(10(-6) m s(-2))]. The geostrophic imbalance (difference between the pressure gradient term and the Coriolis acceleration) reaches 5 X 10(-5) m s(-2) at the surface. The gradient imbalance (defined as the difference between the pressure gradient term and the Coriolis plus advective accelerations) is smaller than the geostrophic imbalance (being of order 2.5 X 10(-5) m s(-2)) making gradient balance the best estimate of the balance of horizontal momentum given the characteristics (synopticity and experimental errors) of the analyzed dataset. The gradient imbalance is not uniform in the horizontal but rather is larger in the AJ than in the WAG. From this result it is inferred that the AJ current experiences larger variations (larger local acceleration) than the WAG current. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Haney, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Viudez, Alvaro/A-8201-2008 OI Viudez, Alvaro/0000-0001-7862-9835 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 572 EP 589 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<0572:ASOTBO>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 292FA UT WOS:000085782400008 ER PT J AU Ederer, DL Moewes, A Kurmaev, EZ Callcott, TA Grush, MM Stadler, S Winarski, R Perera, RCC Terminello, LJ AF Ederer, DL Moewes, A Kurmaev, EZ Callcott, TA Grush, MM Stadler, S Winarski, R Perera, RCC Terminello, LJ TI Resonant Raman scattering in Nd2O3 and the electronic structure of Sr2RuO4 Studied by synchrotron radiation excitation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Inelastic X-ray Scattering CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL LONG ISL CITY, NEW YORK SP US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Blake Ind, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr DE soft X-ray spectroscopy ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; NONCUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; EXTENDED VANHOVE SINGULARITY; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; BAND-STRUCTURE; GRATING MONOCHROMATOR; UNDULATOR BEAMLINE; ENERGY DEPENDENCE; SI AB This paper is intended to illustrate two points. The first is the extensive growth of resonant Raman soft X-ray scattering due to the emergence of third-generation X-ray sources, With these sources, the ubiquitous presence of Raman scattering near the 3d and 4d ionization thresholds has been used to elucidate the excitation process in a number of rare earth and transition metal compounds. Such scattering can produce dramatic changes in the emission spectrum, as we show in our example of inelastic scattering at the 3d threshold of Nd2O3 Photon-in photon-out soft X-ray spectroscopy is adding a new dimension to soft X-ray spectroscopy by providing many opportunities for exciting research, especially at third-generation synchrotron light sources, Second, it is very effective to use theory and experiment to characterize the electronic properties of materials. In particular we confirmed in-plane oxygen-ruthenium bonding in Sr2RuO4, the first copperless perovskite superconductor, by analyses using calculations, soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXE) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Measurements of this type illustrate the importance of combining SXE and PES measurements with theoretical calculations. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20021 USA. Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70888 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Met, Ural Div, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ederer, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kurmaev, Ernst/J-4254-2013 OI Kurmaev, Ernst/0000-0003-4625-4930 NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD MAR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 3 BP 435 EP 444 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00332-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 286XL UT WOS:000085474100022 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI Counterproliferation, conventional counterforce and nuclear war SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article ID WEAPONS; DETERRENT AB This essay examines an increasingly important element of US defense policy, counterproliferation. It explains how US security strategy is no longer constrained by Mutual Assured Destruction: American strategists now contemplate using precision conventional weapons to deny proliferants nuclear capabilities. The study also suggests that US nuclear deterrent capabilities backstop counterproliferation policies. It explores the risks inherent in counterproliferation and how US escalation dominance helps to reduce these risks. In concluding, the analysis questions whether or not new counterproliferation strategies are superior to arms control or deterrence in countering nuclear-armed states. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 5 EP + DI 10.1080/01402390008437776 PG 21 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 336HC UT WOS:000088295000002 ER PT J AU Warner, JA Roy, DNG Bucaro, J Couchman, L AF Warner, JA Roy, DNG Bucaro, J Couchman, L TI Inversion of penetrable obstacles from far-field data on narrow angular apertures SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING-THEORY; ACOUSTICS AB Reported in this paper are reconstructions of shape and material parameters of two-dimensional, homogeneous, acoustic, penetrable obstacles of arbitrary cross sections which are immersed in an infinite, homogeneous ambience. Reconstructions are based on the far-field scattering patterns of multiple incident plane acoustic waves. For remotely acquired data, practical necessities require not only that the entire data collection region be less than 2 pi, but also that each received "sees" the object over as narrow an angular aperture as possible. The inversions presented here were obtained under such conditions. Two types of data were used for each incidence namely, "near-monostatic" fields of narrow angular apertures (the narrowest aperture reported is 2 degrees), and a "duostatic" geometry consisting of backscatter plus one other receiver angle. These data sets were acquired for a series of incident angles. The theoretical formalism for inversion is algebraic in nature, requires no integral equation, and possesses a number of advantages for the implementation of a Gauss-Newton type of inversion that was used in this study. Moreover, the algorithm is shown to be inheritently parallelizable. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)00303-9]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Warner, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7130,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 107 IS 3 BP 1111 EP 1120 DI 10.1121/1.428401 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 291YR UT WOS:000085767800003 ER PT J AU Lim, R Williams, KL Thorsos, EI AF Lim, R Williams, KL Thorsos, EI TI Acoustic scattering by a three-dimensional elastic object near a rough surface SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WAVE; INTERFACE; SEDIMENTS; SEAFLOOR AB The ensemble-averaged field scattered by a smooth, bounded, elastic object near a penetrable surface with small-scale random roughness is formulated. The formulation consists of combining a perturbative solution for modeling propagation through the rough surface with a transition (T-) matrix solution for scattering by the object near a planar surface. All media bounding the rough surface are assumed to be fluids. By applying the results to a spherical steel shell buried within a rough sediment bottom, it is demonstrated that the ensemble-averaged "incoherent" intensity backscattered by buried objects illuminated with shallow-grazing-angle acoustic sources can be well enhanced at high frequencies over field predictions based on scattering models where all environmental surfaces are planar. However, this intensity must compete with the incoherent intensity scattered back from the interface itself, which can defeat detection attempts. The averaged ''coherent" component of the field maintains the strong evanescent spectral decay exhibited by flat interface predictions of shallow-angle measurements but with small deviations. Nevertheless, bistatic calculations of the coherent field suggest useful strategies for improving long-range detection and identification of buried objects. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)02002-6]. C1 USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Lim, R (reprint author), USN, Coastal Syst Stn, Dahlgren Div, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code R22,6703 W Highway 98, Panama City, FL 32407 USA. RI williams, kevin/H-2224-2011 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 107 IS 3 BP 1246 EP 1262 DI 10.1121/1.428414 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 291YR UT WOS:000085767800017 ER PT J AU Mansour, AN Mukerjee, S Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Mansour, AN Mukerjee, S Yang, XQ McBreen, J TI In situ X-ray absorption and diffraction study of the Li reaction with a tin composite oxide glass SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM AB We have measured the X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of a sample of tin-based composite oxide (TCO) material with a nominal composition of Sn1.0B0.56P0.40Al0.42O3.47 during the discharge and charge cycles in an in situ configuration. Our results confirm the amorphous nature of TCO material and show that Sn in the pristine state of TCO is coordinated with three oxygen atoms at a distance of 2.12 a. Upon discharging, initially LE interacts with the electrochemically active Sn-O center, forming metallic Sn in a highly dispersed form (i.e., clusters containing just a few atoms). Upon further discharge, Li alloys with Sn, forming highly dispersed forms of Li,Sn alloys with x being dependent on the degree of Li intercalation. The structural nature of the highly dispersed alloys differs from those of the corresponding crystalline phases such as Li2Sn5, LiSn, Li7Sn3, Li5Sn2, Li13Sn5, and Li7Sn2. Upon charging, Li dealloys from Li,Sn, forming metallic Sn in a highly dispersed form with a Sn-Sn distance intermediate to those of gray and white Sn. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)04-108-5. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM MansourAN@nswccd.navy.mil NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 147 IS 3 BP 869 EP 873 DI 10.1149/1.1393284 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 294LL UT WOS:000085912700009 ER PT J AU Olson, PE Kallen, AJ Bjorneby, JM Creek, JG AF Olson, PE Kallen, AJ Bjorneby, JM Creek, JG TI Canines as sentinels for Lyme disease in San Diego County, California SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LIZARD SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DOGS; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Prevalence of Lyme borreliosis in canine sentinels has been shown to correlate with infection in humans. One thousand canine sera (917 dogs, 83 coyotes) obtained from animal control authorities and area veterinarians were screened by ELISA for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, Results were validated by Western blot and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests at referee laboratories. Criterion for a positive Western blot was presence of 5 of 10 of the most common antigen IgG bands; for IFA, >1:128 or the equivalent when correcting for interlaboratory variability. Twenty-two of 1,000 canines were confirmed serologically positive (21 dogs and 1 coyote; seroprevalence 2.3% and 1.2%, respectively). Lifestyle, breed size, gender, and age were not statistically predictive of seropositive status. No regional clustering of seropositive animals was detected. The low prevalence of seropositivity in sentinel canines suggests the Lyme borreliosis hazard in San Diego County is minimal. C1 USN, Environm & Prevent Med Univ 5, Dept Epidemiol, Naval Stn, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Antech Diagnost, Rancho Santa Fe, CA 92067 USA. Cty San Diego Dept Hlth Serv, Off Cty Vet, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Olson, PE (reprint author), USN, Environm & Prevent Med Univ 5, Dept Epidemiol, Naval Stn, Box 368143, San Diego, CA 92136 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 126 EP 129 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297YH UT WOS:000086110300004 PM 10730940 ER PT J AU Sandvik, SLH Bilski, P Pakulski, JD Chignell, CF Coffin, RB AF Sandvik, SLH Bilski, P Pakulski, JD Chignell, CF Coffin, RB TI Photogeneration of singlet oxygen and free radicals in dissolved organic matter isolated from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River plumes SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; singlet oxygen; EPR; ultrafiltration; photochemistry; coastal waters ID NATURAL-WATERS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACID; FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; YELLOW SUBSTANCE; QUANTUM YIELDS; SURFACE WATERS; CARBON-CYCLE AB The photoreactivity to UV light of ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected during cruises along salinity transects in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River plumes was examined by measuring photogenerated free radicals and singlet molecular oxygen (O-1(2)) photosensitization. Singlet oxygen was detected by its infrared phosphorescence at 1270 nm using both steady-state and time-resolved techniques. The O-1(2) quantum yields were corrected for self-quenching of O-1(2) by the DOM substrates. Photogenerated free radicals were monitored dy electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Two size fractions of the dissolved organic matter were examined: material retained with a 3 kDa cut-off filter and material retained with a 1 kDa cut-off filter. The highest O-1(2) quantum yields were found in the lower molecular mass material. Then was little change in the O-1(2) quantum yields with increasing salinity, indicating that the photosensitizing ability of the estuarine DOM does not decrease as terrestrial DOM is transported to sea and mixes with marine DOM. In contrast to O-1(2) formation, the steady-state levels of photoproduced free radicals did not significantly differ between high and low molecular mass DOM, and the levels were substantially higher in riverine DOM than along plume salinity transects. This rapid transition in free radical level suggests that terrestrially-derived DOM experiences significant changes in this aspect of its photoreactivity in low (< 10 ppt) salinity waters. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USN, Res Lab, EQSS, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sandvik, SLH (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Pharmacol & Chem, NIH, POB 12233,MD F0-06, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 57 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00101-2 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 297GB UT WOS:000086072800011 ER PT J AU Bossie, E AF Bossie, E TI Phorgotten phenomena - Measuring each coat thickness in a multi-coat system by averaging using SSPC-PA 2 SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article C1 USN, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bossie, E (reprint author), 1385 Caliente Loop, Chula Vista, CA 91910 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 328KT UT WOS:000087850600028 ER PT J AU McCormick, GH Owen, G AF McCormick, GH Owen, G TI Security and coordination in a clandestine organization SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE decision theory; organization theory; revolutionary organization; networks AB We develop a model of an underground organization. The model is designed to highlight the tradeoff between the operational capacity and operational security of clandestine groups. The underground in this paper is defined by a collection of individual cells that are united by a network of internal communications. The attributes of this network, we show, have important implications for the vitality of an underground group in the face of regime efforts to identify and target its component cells. We examine the implications of various network designs for group performance in the short run, and the implications the group's short run performance will have for its operational prospects in the long run. In the final section of the paper, we discuss the conditions under which a conflict between a regime and an underground organization will reach three alternative equilibria. The results of this paper will be useful to those interested in both the design and dismemberment of clandestine organizations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP McCormick, GH (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 31 IS 6-7 BP 175 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(00)00050-9 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 304GL UT WOS:000086475200009 ER PT J AU Kaiser, KS Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW Gray, GC AF Kaiser, KS Kaiser, KS Hawksworth, AW Gray, GC TI Pyridostigmine bromide intake during the Persian Gulf War is not associated with postwar handgrip strength SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRESS; VETERANS; SYMPTOMS AB Many Persian Gulf War veterans took pyridostigmine bromide (PB) during the Persian Gulf War. Previous research suggests that PB intake and insecticide exposure may reduce muscular strength. During 1994 and 1995, we examined the relationships between self-reported PB intake, self-reported exposures, and handgrip strength among 527 Gulf War veterans (GWVs) and 969 nondeployed veterans of that era (NDVs). We found that 25.4% and 6.7% of the GWVs and NDVs, respectively, reported generalized muscle weakness (for 1 month or longer) since the Gulf War (July 1990). Many veterans also reported exposure to insecticide during the war. Dominant handgrip strength was measured three times with a hand-held dynamometer in subjects standing with the elbow bent at a right angle. Multiple linear regression revealed that handgrip strength was negatively associated with age (p = 0.001) and female gender (p < 0.001). Handgrip strength was also found to be positively associated with height (p < 0.001), but it was not associated with PB intake (p = 0.558), Exposure to insecticides had no major effect on handgrip strength. These data suggest no association between PB intake and postwar handgrip strength. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Kaiser, KS (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM kaiser@nhrc.navy.mil NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 3 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 294TJ UT WOS:000085926200001 PM 10741074 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC McCarthy, M Kim, JP Thomas, R Le, TP Cross, E Hyams, KC AF Hyams, KC McCarthy, M Kim, JP Thomas, R Le, TP Cross, E Hyams, KC TI Chronic liver disease among US military patients: The role of hepatitis C and G virus infection SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; RNA AB Thirty-nine patients with chronic liver disease who were being evaluated in a U.S. military treatment facility were tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and for hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples from 20 patients (51%) were positive for anti-HCV by immunoblot assay. HGV RNA was found in the sera of only two patients, both of whom were also positive for anti-HCV. HGV appears to have a limited role in causing chronic liver disease in this population of military patients, many of whom had traveled outside the United States. However, HCV infection was commonly associated with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, as in civilian patients. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 3 BP 178 EP 179 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 294TJ UT WOS:000085926200005 PM 10741077 ER PT J AU Derderian, BR Blood, CG AF Derderian, BR Blood, CG TI Shipboard medical admissions during peacetime and combat support deployments SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Hospitalizations aboard aircraft carriers were examined to ascertain differences in illness type attributable to theater of operations and combat deployment status. Percentage distributions and lengths-of-stay statistics of major diagnostic categories are provided and compared between Vietnam combat support and peacetime modes of operations and between Western Pacific and Mediterranean theaters of operations. Respiratory disease proportions were found to be significantly higher for Vietnam combat support deployments than during subsequent peacetime deployments. For peacetime deployments, the Western Pacific deployments had higher percentages of infective, respiratory, and skin disorders. whereas the Mediterranean theater had a larger proportion of total admissions accounted for by accidents. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Derderian, BR (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Med Informat Syst & Operat Res Dept, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 3 BP 228 EP 236 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 294TJ UT WOS:000085926200017 ER PT J AU Doyle, JD Durran, DR Chen, C Colle, BA Georgelin, M Grubisic, V Hsu, WR Huang, CY Landau, D Lin, YL Poulos, GS Sun, WY Weber, DB Wurtele, MG Xue, M AF Doyle, JD Durran, DR Chen, C Colle, BA Georgelin, M Grubisic, V Hsu, WR Huang, CY Landau, D Lin, YL Poulos, GS Sun, WY Weber, DB Wurtele, MG Xue, M TI An intercomparison of model-predicted wave breaking for the 11 January 1972 Boulder windstorm SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEVERE DOWNSLOPE WINDSTORM; AMPLITUDE MOUNTAIN WAVES; PAST ISOLATED TOPOGRAPHY; 3 SPATIAL DIMENSIONS; GRAVITY-WAVES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SIMULATION; FLOW; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION AB Two-dimensional simulations of the 11 January 1972 Boulder, Colorado, windstorm, obtained from 11 diverse nonhydrostatic models, are intercompared with special emphasis on the turbulent breakdown of topographically forced gravity waves, as part of the preparation for the Mesoscale Alpine Programme field phase. The sounding used to initialize the models is more representative of the actual lower stratosphere than those applied in previous simulations. Upper-level breaking is predicted by all models in comparable horizontal locations and vertical layers, which suggests that gravity wave breaking may be quite predictable in some circumstances. Characteristics of the breaking include the following: pronounced turbulence in the 13-16-km and 18-20-km layers positioned beneath a critical level near 21-km, a well-defined upstream tilt with height, and enhancement of upper-level breaking superpositioned above the low-level hydraulic jump. Sensitivity experiments indicate that the structure of the wave bi caking was impacted by the numerical dissipation, numerical representation of the horizontal advection, and lateral boundary conditions. Small vertical wavelength variations in the shear and stability above 10 km contributed to significant changes in the structures associated with wave breaking. Simulation of this case is ideal for testing and evaluation of mesoscale numerical models and numerical algorithms because of the complex wave-breaking response. C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Aerol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Natl Cent Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Colorado Res Assoc, Boulder, CO USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Oklahoma, CAPS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Durran, Dale/G-3677-2015 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Durran, Dale/0000-0002-6390-2584 NR 42 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 128 IS 3 BP 901 EP 914 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0901:AIOMPW>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 307AZ UT WOS:000086632400023 ER PT J AU Briguglio, S Chen, L Dong, JQ Fogaccia, G Santoro, RA Vlad, G Zonca, F AF Briguglio, S Chen, L Dong, JQ Fogaccia, G Santoro, RA Vlad, G Zonca, F TI High and low frequency Alfven modes in tokamaks SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID KINETIC BALLOONING MODES; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; SHEAR; EIGENMODES; IDEAL AB The article presents an analysis of the typical features of shear Alfven waves in tokamak plasmas in a frequency domain ranging from the 'high' frequencies (omega congruent to v(A)/2qR(o), where v(A) is the Alfven speed and qR(o) is the tokamak connection length) of the toroidal gap to the 'low' frequencies, comparable with the thermal ion diamagnetic frequency omega*(pi) and/or the thermal ion transit frequency omega(ti) = v(ti)/qR(o) (where v(ti) is the ion thermal speed). C1 EURATOM Assoc, ENEA Fus, Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu, Peoples R China. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Briguglio, S (reprint author), EURATOM Assoc, ENEA Fus, Rome, Italy. RI chen, liu/I-2297-2013; Zonca, Fulvio/I-8236-2016 OI Zonca, Fulvio/0000-0002-9270-4704 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3Y SI 3 BP 701 EP 706 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/40/3Y/334 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 302GZ UT WOS:000086358500035 ER PT J AU Morton, AD Nelson, C Ikada, Y Elner, VM AF Morton, AD Nelson, C Ikada, Y Elner, VM TI Porous polyethylene as a spacer graft in the treatment of lower eyelid retraction SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID LOWER-LID RETRACTION; EXTERNAL EAR RECONSTRUCTION; ORBITAL IMPLANTS; SURGERY; SCLERA; MEDPOR; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; MANAGEMENT; FASCIA AB Purpose: An experimental study was performed to: 1) assess the Tolerance and incorporation of porous polyethylene (Medpor) in the posterior lamella of the rabbit lower eyelid; 2) analyze the effect of implant thickness on incorporation; 3) investigate the ability of conjunctiva to grow over vascularized Medpor and; 4) determine the effects of Medpor surface modification on biocompatibility and fibrovascularization. Methods: In phase I, 10 rabbit eyelids were operated on to analyze the effects of implant thickness and to develop the surgical technique used in phase II of the study. In phase II, 20 lower eyelids of 10 rabbits received 0.85-mm-thick Medpor grafts, each rabbit receiving both an uncoated implant and one coated with an immobilized collagen. Results: There were no extrusions in phase II. with a postoperative follow-up from 14 to 17 weeks. Fourteen of 20 eyelids had full-thickness conjunctival incisions or excisions placed over the Medpor implant to determine the growth potential of conjunctiva over a vascularized implant. All but one eyelid showed complete defect coverage, occurring in as little as 3 days. Histopathology indicated complete Medpor fibrovascularization as early as 4 weeks after implantation. Because neither coated nor uncoated implants extruded in phase II, no conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of Medpor surface modification. Conclusion: Medpor was well tolerated in this soft tissue application, and it offers advantages over other materials. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Morton, AD (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 34520 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY07060] NR 63 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 EI 1537-2677 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 146 EP 155 DI 10.1097/00002341-200003000-00010 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 295JC UT WOS:000085962100010 PM 10749162 ER PT J AU Wheeler, DS Vaux, KK Tam, DA AF Wheeler, DS Vaux, KK Tam, DA TI Use of gabapentin in the treatment of childhood reflex sympathetic dystrophy SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, a painful syndrome involving an extremity after trauma or injury, is increasingly reported in the pediatric population. Although no clear pathophysiologic mechanism for this disorder has been identified, the role of central serotonin activity seems important. Gabapentin, a new antiepileptic medication, has been demonstrated to be effective in adults with reflex sympathetic dystrophy, The first reported case of a child with a diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy who was treated successfully with gabapentin is presented. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Child Neurol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Tam, DA (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 22 IS 3 BP 220 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0887-8994(99)00139-3 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 304VL UT WOS:000086504800008 PM 10734253 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Kuther, A Forchel, A Reinecke, TL AF Bayer, M Kuther, A Forchel, A Reinecke, TL TI Effects of confinement potential asymmetries on the fine structure of excitons in self-assembled In0.60Ga0.40As quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems (OECS-6) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1999 CL ASCONA, SWITZERLAND ID GAAS AB The excitonic fine structure of self-assembled In0.60Ga0.40As quantum dots has been studied by magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy. Two types of dots which differ e.g. in the magnetic field dependence of the exciton spin splitting (at low B linear versus quadratic dependence) are found. These differences can be traced to variations of the dot shape, which for one type has axial symmetry around the growth direction, while for the other type the dots are laterally distorted. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97094 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Hubland, D-97094 Wurzburg, Germany. EM mbayer@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 178 IS 1 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200003)178:1<297::AID-PSSA297>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 303TG UT WOS:000086440500052 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Gutbrod, T Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL AF Bayer, M Gutbrod, T Forchel, A Knipp, PA Reinecke, TL TI Confined optical modes in photonic dots and molecules SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Optics of Excitons in Confined Systems (OECS-6) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1999 CL ASCONA, SWITZERLAND ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; QUANTUM BOXES; MICROCAVITY AB Microresonators with a three-dimensional photon confinement. called photonic dots. have been fabricated by lithographic patterning of planar semiconductor microcavities. Photonic molecules have been assembled from two identical photonic dots by connecting them by a narrow channel. Energies and field distributions of the confined optical modes in these structures have been studied by angle-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 178 IS 1 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200003)178:1<545::AID-PSSA545>3.0.CO;2-I PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 303TG UT WOS:000086440500095 ER PT J AU Daniel, M Balasubramanian, M Brewe, D Mehl, MJ Pease, D Budnick, JI AF Daniel, M Balasubramanian, M Brewe, D Mehl, MJ Pease, D Budnick, JI TI Site selectivity and bonding in the beta-phase aluminides: Studies of RuAl, PdAl, and Pd and Ru dopants in NiAl SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DEBYE-WALLER FACTORS; TRANSITION-METAL ALUMINIDES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FEAL; ALLOYS; COAL; BULK AB We have determined the site selectivity of Ru and Pd dopants in beta-phase NiAl. For both transition metal rich and poor compositions, the Ru or Pd dopant goes to the Ni sublattice. The local structural disorder introduced by Pd dopants is significantly greater for the Al-rich than for the TM-rich composition. We have also determined the temperature dependence of the x-ray absorption fine structure Debye-Waller term for Ru atoms in stoichiometric RuAl, Ru in NiAl, and Pd in NiAl. We find evidence for large local shear resistance for Ru dopants in NiAl relative to Pd dopants in NiAl. These results are discussed in terms of calculated elastic moduli and cohesive energies of PdAl and RuAl. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11977 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 10 BP 6637 EP 6644 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.6637 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 295UG UT WOS:000085985800029 ER PT J AU Bernstein, N Aziz, MJ Kaxiras, E AF Bernstein, N Aziz, MJ Kaxiras, E TI Atomistic simulations of solid-phase epitaxial growth in silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; AMORPHOUS SI; INTERFACE; KINETICS; GE AB High-quality semiconductor crystals can be produced by solid-phase epitaxial growth at the amorphous-crystal interface. Despite extensive experimental studies, the microscopic mechanisms that lead to crystallization are not known. Molecular-dynamics simulations of a Si(001) amorphous-crystal interface, using an accurate empirical interatomic potential, give an activation energy (for T>950 K) and a shape for the activated state that are in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements. Analysis of the simulations reveals complex microscopic mechanisms involving one or several consecutive atomic rearrangement steps; the unanticipated level of complexity casts doubt on the common viewpoint of a unique mechanism. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 10 BP 6696 EP 6700 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.6696 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 295UG UT WOS:000085985800036 ER PT J AU Ernst, GP Saliba, E Diduch, DR Hurwitz, SR Ball, DW AF Ernst, GP Saliba, E Diduch, DR Hurwitz, SR Ball, DW TI Lower-extremity compensations following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT APTA Physical Therapy 1998 Scientific Meeting and Exposition CY JUN 06, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Therapy Assoc DE anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; compensation; functional tests; lower-extremity kinetics ID PATELLAR; TENDON; KNEE; REHABILITATION; STRENGTH AB Background and Purpose. Several studies have demonstrated that patients with knee injury scored within a normal range during one-legged hop tests yet showed quadriceps femoris muscle weakness with non-weight-bearing isokinetic testing. This study evaluated lower-extremity kinetics while subjects performed a single-leg vertical jump (VJ) and a lateral step-up (LSU) in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. Subjects and Methods. Using a motion analysis and force platform system, hip, knee, and ankle extension moments of 20 subjects with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions and 20 matched subjects were measured while they performed an LSU and a VJ. Results. An analysis of variance revealed that the knee extension moment of the ACL-reconstructed extremity was lower than that of the uninjured and matched extremities during the LSU, VJ take-off, and VJ landing. However, there was no difference in summated extension moment (hip + knee + ankle) among extremities during the LSU and VJ take-off. The summated extension moment of the ACL-reconstructed extremity during VJ landing was less than that of the uninvolved and matched extremities. Conclusions and Discussion. These results suggest that the hip or ankle extensors may compensate for the knee extension moment deficit. The decrease in summated extension moment in the ACL-reconstructed extremity during VJ landing represents inadequate attenuation of landing forces, which may expose the skeleton and joint structures to injury. C1 USN, Med Serv Corps, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Dept Human Serv, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Ernst, GP (reprint author), 182 Artillery Post Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 34 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 80 IS 3 BP 251 EP 260 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 294BA UT WOS:000085889000003 PM 10696152 ER PT J AU Saylor, JR Smith, GB Flack, KA AF Saylor, JR Smith, GB Flack, KA TI Infrared imaging of the surface temperature field of water during film spreading SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION; TRANSPORT; LAYER AB Deposition of a spontaneously-spreading film on a clean water surface creates a front which propagates radially outward from the point of deposition. This rapidly spreading film was used as a tool to quickly change the boundary condition of a water surface from one which is shear-free, to a boundary condition which supports shear. Infrared images of a water surface experiencing evaporative convection were recorded as this film spread. These images were converted to surface temperature fields. The amount of turbulent structure present in these fields changes dramatically across the front. Ahead of the front, significant variations at large and small spatial scales are evident, while behind the front the small scale structures are eliminated. The time scale at which this damping occurs is short and has not been reported on heretofore. In addition to being relevant to free surface turbulence, these results demonstrate the utility of infrared imaging in the study of spreading films. [S1070-6631(00)02703-3]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Saylor, JR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 597 EP 602 DI 10.1063/1.870265 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 282VN UT WOS:000085241100014 ER PT J AU Wirtz, JJ AF Wirtz, JJ TI The nuclear turning point: A blueprint for deep cuts and de-alerting of nuclear weapons SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Wirtz, JJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 115 IS 1 BP 126 EP 127 DI 10.2307/2658039 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 311GV UT WOS:000086877100010 ER PT J AU Speice, J Harkness, J Laneri, H Frankel, R Roter, DR Kornblith, AB Ahles, T Winer, E Fleishman, S Luber, P Zevon, M McQuellon, R Trief, P Finkel, J Spira, J Greenberg, D Rowland, J Holland, JC AF Speice, J Harkness, J Laneri, H Frankel, R Roter, DR Kornblith, AB Ahles, T Winer, E Fleishman, S Luber, P Zevon, M McQuellon, R Trief, P Finkel, J Spira, J Greenberg, D Rowland, J Holland, JC TI Involving family members in cancer care: Focus group considerations of patients and oncological providers SO PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Family members are an integral part of a patient's cancer care from the moment the diagnosis is delivered to the conclusion of treatment. Family members bring with them a range of emotional reactions, interpersonal dynamics and expectations for the care the patient receives. This study is part of a multi-institutional project to continue to improve the process of cancer care. In this study, 19 focus groups (11 patient and 8 provider) were conducted concerning issues related to doctor-patient communication in eight cancer centers in the United States. The content of the conversations was analyzed and thematic categories emerged that highlight the various strengths and difficulties associated with family involvement. The focus groups' comments support the need for explicit conversations between professional caregivers, patients and their loved ones, in order to negotiate the expectations and needs of each team member. Implications for clinical practice and strategies for working with family members are offered. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley Br Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Highland Hosp Strong Hlth,Primary Care Inst, Doctor Patient Commun Consortium, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Psychiat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Highland Hosp, Primary Care Inst, Rochester, NY USA. Nova SE Univ, Family & Med Family Therapy Program, Sch Social & System Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Dept Pain Med & Palliat Care, New York, NY 10003 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Ctr Canc, New York, NY 10003 USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Behav Med Sect, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Canc Support Serv, New York, NY 10003 USA. Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, New York Hosp, Cornell Internal Med Assoc, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Ctr, Buffalo, NY USA. Wake Forest Univ Med, Dept Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Winston Salem, NC USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Div Consultat Liaison Psychiat & Behav Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. USN, Med Ctr, Del Mar, CA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Georgetown Univ, Vincent T Lombardi Canc Res Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Wake Forest Univ Med, Dept Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Speice, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Psychiat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RI Roter, Debra/N-8830-2014 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1057-9249 J9 PSYCHO-ONCOL JI Psycho-Oncol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(200003/04)9:2<101::AID-PON435>3.0.CO;2-D PG 12 WC Oncology; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Oncology; Psychology; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 310ZE UT WOS:000086859000002 PM 10767748 ER PT J AU Jung, TP Makeig, S Humphries, C Lee, TW McKeown, MJ Iragui, V Sejnowski, TJ AF Jung, TP Makeig, S Humphries, C Lee, TW McKeown, MJ Iragui, V Sejnowski, TJ TI Removing electroencephalographic artifacts by blind source separation SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE independent component analysis; ICA; EEG; artifact removal; EOG ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SIGNAL SEPARATION; LEARNING ALGORITHM; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; OCULAR ARTIFACT; EEG; EXTRACTION AB Eye movements, eye blinks, cardiac signals, muscle noise, and line noise present serious problems for electroencephalographic (EEG) interpretation and analysis when rejecting contaminated EEG segments results in an unacceptable data loss. Many methods have been proposed to remove artifacts from EEG recordings, especially those arising from eye movements and blinks. Often regression in the time or frequency domain is performed on parallel EEG and electrooculographic (EOG) recordings to derive parameters characterizing the appearance and spread of EOG artifacts in the EEG channels. Because EEG and ocular activity mix bidirectionally regressing out eye artifacts inevitably involves subtracting relevant EEG signals from each record as well. Regression methods become even more problematic when a good regressing channel is not available for each artifact source, as in the case of muscle artifacts. Use of principal component analysis (PCA) has been proposed to remove eye artifacts from multichannel EEG. However, PCA cannot completely separate eye artifacts from brain signals, especially when they have comparable amplitudes. Here, we propose a new and generally applicable method for removing a wide variety of artifacts from EEG records based on blind source separation by independent component analysis (ICA). Our results on EEG data collected from normal and autistic subjects show that ICA can effectively detect, separate, and remove contamination from a wide variety of artifactual sources in EEG records with results comparing favorably with those obtained using regression and PCA methods. ICA can also be used to analyze blink-related brain activity. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Salk Inst, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Salk Inst, Computat Neurobiol Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Jung, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Neural Computat, Dept 0523, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Humphries, Colin/0000-0002-5131-8743 NR 44 TC 1182 Z9 1200 U1 6 U2 71 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD MAR PY 2000 VL 37 IS 2 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1017/S0048577200980259 PG 16 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 290ZY UT WOS:000085709100003 PM 10731767 ER PT J AU Richmond, MW Droege, TF Gombert, G Gutzwiller, M Henden, AA Albertson, C Beser, N Molhant, N Johnson, H AF Richmond, MW Droege, TF Gombert, G Gutzwiller, M Henden, AA Albertson, C Beser, N Molhant, N Johnson, H TI TASS Mark III photometric survey of the celestial equator SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID STANDARD STARS; CATALOG AB The Amateur Sky Survey (TASS) is se loose confederation of amateur and professional astronomers. We describe the design and construction of our Mark III system, a set of wide-field drift-scan CCD cameras which monitor the celestial equator down to 13th magnitude in several passbands. We explain the methods by which images are gathered, processed, and reduced into lists of stellar positions and magnitudes. Over the period 1996 October to 1998 November, we compiled a large database of photometric measurements. One of our results is the tenxcat catalog, which contains measurements on the standard Johnson-Cousins system for 367,241 stars; it contains links to the light curves of these stars as well. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. USN Observ, USRA, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. New Jersey Astron Assoc, High Bridge, NJ 08829 USA. RP Richmond, MW (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 112 IS 769 BP 397 EP 408 DI 10.1086/316527 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292HQ UT WOS:000085788900014 ER PT J AU Pawley, CJ Deniz, AV AF Pawley, CJ Deniz, AV TI Improved measurements of noise and resolution of x-ray framing cameras at 1-2 keV SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NIKE KRF LASER; FUSION AB We describe x-ray framing cameras that were developed for experiments on the Nike laser system at the Naval Research Laboratory. These cameras have internal impedance matching to allow use of 50 Ohm pulsing systems from 100 ps to several nanoseconds, or for long pulse/dc operation. The cameras have been optimized for spatial resolution and low light scatter using aluminized phosphors. One of these cameras has been coupled to a charge coupled device camera and the total system was tested for resolution and image noise using both electrons and x rays. The spatial resolution was found to be well fitted to a Gaussian modulation transfer function with a value of 0.5 at 10 lp/mm. A detailed analysis of the noise in the images was performed for electrons and x rays. The noise in the images is determined by a detective quantum efficiency of approximately 10% for 1-2 keV x-ray photons. [S0034-6748(00)04403-8]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22310 USA. RP Pawley, CJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1286 EP 1295 DI 10.1063/1.1150497 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 290QZ UT WOS:000085688600007 ER PT J AU Hisnanick, JJ Coddington, DA AF Hisnanick, JJ Coddington, DA TI The immunisation status of poor children: An analysis of parental altruism and child well-being SO REVIEW OF SOCIAL ECONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th World Congress of Social Economics CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1996 CL COLL CHARLESTON, CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA HO COLL CHARLESTON DE immunisation status; poverty; parental altruism ID UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; IMMUNIZATION; INFORMATION; VALUATIONS; PHYSICIANS; ECONOMICS; POVERTY AB One out of every five children in the United States is growing up in a household where the family income is at or below the poverty threshold. The stress of poverty creates heighten parental stress, straining their capacity to provide warmth, understanding, and guidance for their children. The lack of an adequate income simply may not allow parents to focus their time and energies on parenting; rather, they are constantly struggling to survive. From an economic viewpoint, poverty inhibits parental ability to invest in their children's well-being. One aspect of parental investment in the well-being of their children concerns the child's health and their access to appropriate medical care, specifically receiving timely immunisations against known childhood diseases. This article investigates the immunisation status of poor, pre-school age children, within the context of parental altruism and investing in the well-being of the child. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Hisnanick, JJ (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0034-6764 J9 REV SOC ECON JI Rev. Soc. Econ. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 58 IS 1 BP 81 EP 107 PG 27 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 322GP UT WOS:000087502100005 ER PT J AU Jones, DA Kemister, G Tonello, NA Oran, ES Sichel, M AF Jones, DA Kemister, G Tonello, NA Oran, ES Sichel, M TI Numerical simulation of detonation reignition in H-2-O-2 mixtures in area expansions SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE detonation reignition; H-2-O-2 detonations; multidimensional detonation dynamics; transmitted detonations ID TRANSMISSION AB Time-dependent, two-dimensional, numerical simulations of a transmitted detonation show reignition occuring by one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the collision of triple points as they expand along a decaying shock front. In the second mechanism ignition results from the coalescence of a number of small, relatively high pressure regions left over from the decay of weakened transverse waves. The: simulations were performed using an improved chemical kinetic model for stoichiometric H-2-O-2 mixtures. The initial conditions were a propagating, two-dimensional detonation resolved enough to show transverse wave structure. The calculations provide clarification of the reignition mechanism seen in previous H-2-O-2-Ar simulations, and again demonstrate that the transverse wave structure of the detonation front is critical to the reignition process. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. DSTO, Aeronaut & Maritime Res Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. CRAFT, Dublin, PA 18917 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sichel, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD MAR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s001930050177 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 303YC UT WOS:000086454500004 ER PT J AU Fisher, GH Fan, Y Longcope, DW Linton, MG Pevtsov, AA AF Fisher, GH Fan, Y Longcope, DW Linton, MG Pevtsov, AA TI The solar dynamo and emerging flux - (Invited review) SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID STELLAR CONVECTION ZONE; TWISTED MAGNETIC TUBES; ACTIVE REGIONS; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; STRATIFIED MEDIUM; SUNSPOT CYCLE-21; KINK INSTABILITY; ROTATION; EVOLUTION; RISE AB The largest concentrations of magnetic flux on the Sun occur in active regions. In this paper, the properties of active regions are investigated in terms of the dynamics of magnetic flux tubes which emerge from the base of the solar convection zone, where the solar cycle dynamo is believed to operate, to the photosphere. Flux tube dynamics are computed using the 'thin flux tube' approximation, and by using MHD simulation. Simulations of active region emergence and evolution, when compared with the known observed properties of active regions, have yielded the following results: (1) The magnetic field at the base of the convection zone is confined to an approximately toroidal geometry with a field strength in the range (3-10)x10(4) G. The latitude distribution of the toroidal field at the base of the convection zone is more or less mirrored by the observed active latitudes; there is not a large poleward drift of active regions as they emerge. The time scale for emergence of an active region from the base of the convection zone to the surface is typically 2-4 months. The equatorial gap in the distribution of active regions has two possible origins; if the toroidal field strength is close to 10(5) G, it is due to the lack of equilibrium solutions at low latitude; if it is closer to 3x10(4) G, it may be due to modest poleward drift during emergence. (2) The tilt of active regions is due primarily to the Coriolis force acting to twist the diverging flows of the rising flux loops. The dispersion in tilts is caused primarily by the buffeting of flux tubes by convective motions as they rise through the interior. (3) The Coriolis force also bends the active region flux tube shape toward the following (i.e., anti-rotational) direction, resulting in a steeper leg on the following side as compared to the leading side of an active region. When the active region emerges through the photosphere, this results in a more rapid separation of the leading spots away from the magnetic neutral line as compared to the following spots. This bending motion also results in the neutral line being closer to the following magnetic polarity. (4) Active regions behave kinematically after they emerge because of 'dynamic disconnection', which occurs because of the lack of a solution to the hydrostatic equilibrium equation once the flux loop has emerged. This could explain why active regions decay once they have emerged, and why the advection-diffusion description of active regions works well after emergence. Smaller flux tubes may undergo 'flux tube explosion', a similar process, and provide a source for the constant emergence of small-scale magnetic fields. (5) The slight trend of most active regions to have a negative magnetic twist in the northern hemisphere and positive twist in the south can be accounted for by the action of Coriolis forces on convective eddies, which ultimately writhes active region flux tubes to produce a magnetic twist of the correct sign and amplitude to explain the observations. (6) The properties of the strongly sheared, flare productive delta-spot active regions can be accounted for by the dynamics of highly twisted Omega loops that succumb to the helical kink instability as they emerge through the solar interior. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fisher@ssl.berkeley.edu; yfan@hao.ucar.edu; dana@physics.monatana.edu; Linton@taiyoh.nrl.navy.mil; pevtsov@physics.montana.edu RI Fisher, George/G-1380-2015; OI Fisher, George/0000-0002-6912-5704; Pevtsov, Alexei/0000-0003-0489-0920 NR 70 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 192 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 139 DI 10.1023/A:1005286516009 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 335CQ UT WOS:000088224800008 ER PT J AU McCullen, GM Garfin, SR AF McCullen, GM Garfin, SR TI Cervical spine internal fixation using screw and screw-plate constructs SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE cervical spine; internal fixation ID COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC EVALUATION; HUMAN CADAVERIC MODEL; LATERAL MASS SCREWS; BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION; FOLLOW-UP; STABILIZATION; PLACEMENT; FUSION; COMPLICATIONS; FRACTURES AB Screw and screw-plate constructs have been used successfully in fixation of the cervical spine. This update focuses on the indications, complications, and nuances in the technique used for odontoid screws, transarticular C1-C2 screws, occipitocervical plating, posterior lateral mass screws, pedicle screws, and anterior plating. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Garfin, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 200 W Arbor Dr,8894, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 40 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 5 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1097/00007632-200003010-00020 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 293GZ UT WOS:000085844900019 PM 10749646 ER PT J AU Yuan, DW Majer, WJ Francavilla, TL AF Yuan, DW Majer, WJ Francavilla, TL TI Fabrication of laminated Bi-2212/Ag multifilamentary tape SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTORS; COILS AB The powder-in-tube (PIT) process has been successfully used to make long lengths of Ag-sheathed oxide superconductors. A modified PIT approach is proposed to fabricate conductors with laminated Bi-2212 configurations. Ag/Bi-2212 tapes consisting of seven laminae were produced with various thicknesses ranging from 0.38 to 0.25 mm. The use of a turkshead was found to be beneficial, yielding tapes with good dimensional integrity and consistency. Critical current density (J(c)) values greater than 10(5) A cm(-2) (0.01 T and B perpendicular to tape surface) have been attained for tapes of different thicknesses. Nonetheless, J(c) was found to be related to the average thickness of individual Bi-2212 lamina. It is believed that excessive cold working accounts for the decrease in J(c) with decreasing size below a threshold value. The enhancement of J(c) is attributed to the high Bi-2212 grain alignment along the Ag-oxide interfaces and uniform dimensions within the laminate conductors. C1 Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 3 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/13/3/305 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 297PR UT WOS:000086091700005 ER PT J AU Roy, D AF Roy, D TI Tensions in the Taiwan Strait SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article AB The Taiwan problem is the most enduring and dangerous of the East Asian flashpoints. Conflicting notions of sovereignty, deeply rooted in Taipei and Beijing, preclude a diplomatic breakthrough under present conditions. With cross-Strait tensions likely to persist well into the twenty-first century, Taiwan faces the daunting challenge of maintaining its de facto autonomy in the shadow of growing Chinese economic and military power. The threat of the People's Republic of China (PRC) conquering Taiwan through military invasion or economic coercion is often overstated, but the PRC's determination and capability to bring extreme pressure on Taiwan through military means other than invasion should be respected. Instead of focusing on short-term solutions to the impasse, the best course is a careful management of the status quo, with Taiwan refraining from undue provocation of Beijing, allowing time for a future generation of Chinese to re-evaluate the relationship between formal Taiwanese independence and China's security. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Roy, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Natl Secur Affairs, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD SPR PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 76 EP + DI 10.1093/survival/42.1.76 PG 22 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 314FK UT WOS:000087044500005 ER PT J AU Xu, L Daley, R AF Xu, L Daley, R TI Towards a true 4-dimensional data assimilation algorithm: application of a cycling representer algorithm to a simple transport problem SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL; GENERALIZED INVERSION; ERROR; IMPLEMENTATION; EQUATIONS; SYSTEM AB 3-dimensional variational algorithms are widely used for atmospheric data assimilation at the present time, particularly on the synoptic and global scales. However, mesoscale and convective scale phenomena are considerably more chaotic and intermittent and it is clear that true 4-dimensional data assimilation algorithms will be required to properly analyze these phenomena. in its most general form, the data assimilation problem can be posed as the minimization of a 4-dimensional cost function with the forecast model as a weak constraint. This is a much more difficult problem than the widely discussed 4DVAR algorithm where the model is a strong constraint. Bennett and collaborators have considered a method of solution to the weak constraint problem, based on representer theory. However, their method is not suitable for the numerical weather prediction problem, because it does not cycle in time. In this paper, the representer method is modified to permit cycling in time, in a manner which is entirely internally consistent. The method was applied to a simple 1-dimensional constituent transport problem where the signal was sampled (perfectly and imperfectly) with various sparse observation network configurations. The cycling representer algorithm discussed here successfully extracted the signal from the noisy, sparse observations. C1 USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Res Lab, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 2 BP 109 EP 128 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.2000.00987.x PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 289AV UT WOS:000085597900001 ER PT J AU Dymond, KF Nee, JB Thomas, RJ AF Dymond, KF Nee, JB Thomas, RJ TI The tiny ionospheric photometer: An instrument for measuring ionospheric gradients for the COSMIC constellation SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; electron density; remote sensing; ultraviolet radiometry; data fusion; data inversion; GPS occultation ID ULTRAVIOLET; NIGHTGLOW; EXCITATION; EMISSIONS; AIRGLOW; MODEL AB We describe the specifications for an ultraviolet radiometer for measuring the F-region electron density gradients from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate(COSMIC). We also present a technique for determining the two-dimensional structure of the ionosphere using the measured ionospheric gradients inferred from observation of the radiative recombination emission at 1356 Angstrom in conjunction with occultations of Global Positioning System satellites observed from the COSMIC satellites. Our scheme uses a nadir viewing UV photometer to characterize the F-region gradients while obtaining altitude information about the F-region from the GPS occultation measurements. We present the results of simulations that demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the technique and observational concept. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Chungli 320, Taiwan. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Dymond, KF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Dymond, Kenneth/0000-0001-8060-9016 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 273 EP 290 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 306PY UT WOS:000086606100010 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Basu, S Bust, G Reising, SC AF Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Basu, S Bust, G Reising, SC TI Atmospheric studies with the Tri-Band Beacon instrument on the COSMIC constellation SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE electron density; tomography; radio scintillations; ionosphere; radio beacon ID IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY; EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION; GPS METEOROLOGY; WATER-VAPOR; DENSITY AB Radio frequency transmissions from each satellite in the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) can be used to study the plasma in the upper atmosphere by (1) providing profiles and two dimensional images of the ionosphere and (2) monitoring phase and amplitude scintillations induced in radio waves propagating through the ionosphere. In addition, the received radio data can be applied to the neutral atmosphere by (a) detecting horizontal fluctuations in tropospheric water vapor and (b) yielding accurate position data for satellite drag and neutral density determination. A three-frequency radio beacon called the Tri-Band Beacon (TBB) is being developed for the COSMIC program to provide transmissions at VHF, UHF and L-band. Tomographic imaging of the ionosphere is a recently developed technique that uses integrated measurements and computer reconstructions to determine electron densities. The integral of electron density along vertical or oblique paths is obtained by employing radio transmissions from low-earth-orbiting (LEO) COSMIC satellite transmitters to a chain of receivers on the earth's surface. Analyzing the total electron content (TEC) data using computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) produces two-dimensional maps of the ionospheric plasma. Difficulties associated with CIT arise from the non-uniqueness of the reconstructions owing to limited angle measurements or non-optimal receiver. Improvements in both reconstruction algorithms and CIT measurement systems are being implemented for the COSMIC mission by combining the GPS occultation data with the TBB measurements of TEC. Once the ionospheric effects on the radio wave propagation have been determined, the Doppler shifts of the UHF and VHF transmissions can be analyzed to give positioning of the COSMIC satellites: to within a few meters. By measuring the effects of the atmospheric drag on the COSMIC satellites, global data for neutral densities in the upper atmosphere can be obtained. There is an additional phase delay of the VHF/UHF/L-bands from the neutral constituents of the troposphere, This phase delay can be used to provide measurements of integrated water vapor. The spatial distribution of water vapor density may be determined with high precision phase measurements from a linear array of ground receivers observing the L-band transmissions of the COSMIC TBB. C1 USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Transmiss Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Geophys Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 291 EP 312 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 306PY UT WOS:000086606100011 ER PT J AU Mettille, FC Salata, KF Belanger, KJ Casleton, BG Kelly, DJ AF Mettille, FC Salata, KF Belanger, KJ Casleton, BG Kelly, DJ TI Reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted rickettsial disease by WBC filtration, using Orientia tsutsugamushi in a model system SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID SCRUB TYPHUS; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODY AB BACKGROUND: Careful donor screening and infectious disease marker testing have significantly reduced the incidence of transfusion-transmitted diseases and improved the safety of the blood supply. However, transfusion-transmitted diseases resulting from the use of asymptomatic yet infectious donors continue to put patients at risk. This study was undertaken to determine if third-generation WBC filters could remove Orientia tsutsugamushi-infected cells from contaminated blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Packed RBCs were inoculated with human MNCs infected with O. tsutsugamushi at levels estimated to occur in asymptomatic infectious donors. WBC reduction was accomplished with a third-generation WBC filter. Prefiltration and postfiltration specimens were collected, serially diluted, and injected into mice to determine the infectivity of the samples. RESULTS: Mice receiving WBC-reduced packed RBCs showed no signs of illness or markers of infectivity, which suggested that a reduction of as much as 10(5) infectious rickettsiae could be achieved by filtration. CONCLUSION: The high-efficiency, third-generation, WBC-reduction filters that were tested may provide protection against the transfusion transmission of scrub typhus rickettsiae by removing from contaminated blood cells that contain intracellular bacteria. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Rickettsial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Mettille, FC (reprint author), USJFC, 1562 Mitscher Ave,Suite 200, Norfolk, VA 23551 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40030290.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 296QT UT WOS:000086036200006 PM 10738028 ER PT J AU Walters, KC Gould, MT Bachrach, EA Butler, FK AF Walters, KC Gould, MT Bachrach, EA Butler, FK TI Screening for oxygen sensitivity in US Navy combat swimmers SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE central nervous system oxygen toxicity; oxygen tolerance testing AB The United States Naval Special Warfare Community uses oxygen tolerance testing to screen Navy combat swimmer candidates for sensitivity to the toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2). Between 1976 and 1997, 6,250 oxygen-tolerance tests were performed at the Naval Special Warfare Center and Naval Special Warfare Group One. Our review of these data found only six episodes of O-2 toxicity for an incidence of 0.096%, an incidence considerably lower than the rate of 1.9% reported in an earlier review using data from the Naval Safety Center. Additionally, we reviewed data from the Naval Safety Center from 1986 to 1997 and found only one episode of O-2 toxicity among 157,930 LAR V dives. Many factors other than individual sensitivity to HBO2 may contribute to the occurrence of O-2 toxicity episodes during combat swimmer operations. The authors conclude that O-2 tolerance testing of U. S. Navy SEAL candidates is not a useful screening test and recommend discontinuation of this test. C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Special Warfare Ctr, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. USN, Special Warfare Grp 1, San Diego, CA 92155 USA. Naval Hosp, Special Warfare Command, USN, Detachment Pensacola, Pensacola, FL 32512 USA. RP Walters, KC (reprint author), Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, 19722 MacArthur Blvd, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI KENSINGTON PA 10531 METROPOLITAN AVE, KENSINGTON, MD 20895 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 313BR UT WOS:000086978900004 PM 10813436 ER PT J AU Puri, B Polo, S Hayes, CG Falgout, B AF Puri, B Polo, S Hayes, CG Falgout, B TI Construction of a full length infectious clone for dengue-1 virus Western Pacific,74 strain SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE dengue-1 virus; molecular cloning; Sp6 RNA polymerase; in vitro transcription; RNA transfection; nucleotide sequence ID MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; VACCINE CANDIDATE; SERIAL PASSAGE; KIDNEY-CELLS; CDNA CLONES; TYPE-2; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION; ATTENUATION; VOLUNTEERS AB The flavivirus dengue 1 Western Pacific,74 (DEN1 WP) virus has a positive-stranded RNA genome of 10,735 nucleotides. DEN1 WP genomic RNA was amplified into three overlapping fragments by RT-PCR. These fragments were assembled into a full-length cDNA clone in the yeast-E. coli shuttle vector pRS424, using homologous recombination in yeast. RNA produced by in vitro transcription of this clone was infectious upon electroporation into LLCMK2 cells, as shown by cytopathic effects and detection of viral antigens by indirect immunofluorescence, and by propagation of the virus released into the culture media. Biological properties of the transcript-derived virus, such as the pattern of dengue-specific protein synthesis and growth rate in LLCMK2 or C6/36 cells, resembled those of the parent DEN1 WP virus. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Lab Vector Borne Viral Dis, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Puri, B (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Code 41,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 282BT UT WOS:000085196600007 PM 10766307 ER PT J AU Talkington, J Harwig, D Castner, H Mitchell, G AF Talkington, J Harwig, D Castner, H Mitchell, G TI Development of titanium weld color inspection tools SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A workmanship kit consisting of weld samples, color photographs an inspection guide was developed based on surface colors produced by different weld shielding conditions. C1 Edison Welding Inst, Arc Welding & Automat, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. USN, Sea Syst Command, Arlington, VA USA. USN, Joining Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. RP Talkington, J (reprint author), Edison Welding Inst, Arc Welding & Automat, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 79 IS 3 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 290PT UT WOS:000085685200003 ER PT J AU Janaswamy, R Andersen, JB AF Janaswamy, R Andersen, JB TI Path loss predictions in urban areas with irregular terrain topography SO WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE propagation studies; urban propagation; parabolic equation; terrain effects ID PARABOLIC EQUATION METHOD; PROPAGATION; DIFFRACTION; MODEL AB A method based on the parabolic wave equation is used to predict path loss in a two dimensional urban setting where buildings sprawl over irregular terrain. Propagation is assumed to take place in the vertical plane joining the transmitting and receiving antennas. A coordinate transformation is used to account for the irregular terrain features. The vertical walls of the buildings are assumed to be absorbing while the rooftops are taken to be Aat and reflective. Ground and rooftops are allowed to have different constitutive parameters. Both horizontal and vertical polarizations are considered. Comparison is shown with various other methodologies to demonstrate the ability and accuracy of the present method to accommodate various situations. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code ECJs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Univ Aalborg, Ctr PersonKommunikat, Aalborg 9220, Denmark. RP Janaswamy, R (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Code ECJs, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RI Andersen, Jorgen/A-6202-2011 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-6212 J9 WIRELESS PERS COMMUN JI Wirel. Pers. Commun. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1023/A:1008858817782 PG 14 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 317AZ UT WOS:000087202700004 ER PT J AU Kim, WJ Chang, W Qadri, SB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS AF Kim, WJ Chang, W Qadri, SB Pond, JM Kirchoefer, SW Chrisey, DB Horwitz, JS TI Microwave properties of tetragonally distorted (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CAPACITORS; GROWTH AB A strong correlation is observed between the structure and the microwave dielectric properties of epitaxial Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films deposited onto (001) MgO by pulsed laser deposition. Films were deposited at 750 degrees C in an oxygen pressure that was varied from 3 to 1000 mTorr. The tetragonal distortion (ratio of in-plane and surface normal lattice parameters, D = a/c) of the films depends on the oxygen deposition pressure. D varied from 0.996 at 3 mTorr to 1.003 at 800 mTorr. At microwave frequencies (1-20 GHz), BST films with low distortion have higher dielectric constants (epsilon similar to 500), and lower dielectric loss (tan delta similar to 0.02) compared to films with higher distortion. The correlation of the microwave properties with the film structure can be attributed to stresses and polarizability in the film. The BST film grown at the oxygen deposition pressure of 50 mTorr exhibits a large dielectric constant change and a low dielectric loss at the same time, which corresponds to the film in low stress (D = 1.0004). For tunable microwave applications, BST films with low stress are desirable in order to achieve both low dielectric loss and large tunability. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01109-8]. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, WJ (reprint author), SFA Inc, 1401 McCormick Dr, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 18 TC 258 Z9 268 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 9 BP 1185 EP 1187 DI 10.1063/1.125977 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 286PT UT WOS:000085454900035 ER PT J AU Waliser, DE Hogan, TF AF Waliser, DE Hogan, TF TI Analysis of ocean surface heat fluxes in a NOGAPS climate simulation: Influences from convection, clouds and dynamical processes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; AMIP SIMULATIONS; SOLAR-RADIATION; FORECAST MODEL; WATER-VAPOR; SENSITIVITY; EARTH; BIAS AB This study examines the simulation quality of the surface heat flux fields produced during a climate simulation of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System, version 3.4, with a reduced spectral truncation of T63 and Is levels (herineafter referred to as NOGAPS-CL). Comparisons are made between a 17-year NOGAPS-CL simulation using monthly sea surface temperatures as surface boundary conditions and a number of validating data sets consisting of ship, satellite, and/or reanalysis-based surface heat fluxes, precipitation, top of the atmosphere radiation budget, water vapor, cloud frequency, surface wind stress, and tropospheric winds. In this extended, long-range integration, NOGAPS-CL underpredicts the net surface shortwave flux in much of the subtropical oceans and overpredicts the net shortwave flux in the western Pacific warm pool and the midlatitude oceans, when compared to several satellite-derived climatological data sets. In addition, NOGAPS-CL over predicts the latent heat flux in much of the subtropics and under predicts the latent heat flux over the northern ocean western boundary currents and under the storm track regions that extend eastward from them. These shortwave and evaporation biases combine to produce errors in the surface net heat flux, with too little heat entering the subtropical/tropical oceans and too much heat loss in the midlatitudes oceans. Examination of related quantities indicates that the tropical climate biases are coupled to shortcomings in the convective cloud and/or boundary layer parameterizations which leads to the premature release of moist instability from the boundary layer in regions just outside the deep convective zones. This leads to enhanced climatological cloudiness, rainfall, and surface evaporation, as well as to a reduction in the surface shortwave flux and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), in the subtropical regions. Furthermore, because of this early release of the moist static energy, there is a reduction in clouds, rainfall and water vapor content, as well as enhanced surface shortwave flux and outgoing longwave radiation, in the deep convective zones. The reduction in rainfall and enhanced OLR reduces the strength of the tropical large-scale circulation, which in turn reduces the strength of the subsidence in the subtropical regions which normally acts to suppress the convection processes in these regions. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of the relationship among the forecast model climatological surface fluxes, convection, clouds, and the dynamical processes, as well as their similarities to other climate models and their possible impact on the simulation of transient systems. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93946 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Endeavour Hall 205, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM waliser@terra.msrc.sunysb.edu; hogan@nrlmry.navy.mil NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D4 BP 4587 EP 4606 DI 10.1029/1999JD901028 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287NU UT WOS:000085512800018 ER PT J AU Max, MD Clifford, SM AF Max, MD Clifford, SM TI The state, potential distribution, and biological implications of methane in the Martian crust SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID PRUDHOE BAY; MARS; HYDRATE; GAS; FEATURES; CLIMATE; ALASKA; MODEL AB The search for life on Mars has recently focused on its potential survival in deep (>2 km) subpermafrost aquifers where anaerobic bacteria, similar to those found in deep subsurface ecosystems on Earth, may have survived in an environment that has remained stable for billions of years. An anticipated by-product of this biological activity is methane. The detection of large deposits of methane gas and hydrate in the Martian cryosphere, or as emissions from deep fracture zones, would provide persuasive evidence of indigenous life and confirm the presence of a valuable in situ resource for use by future human explorers. C1 Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Max, MD (reprint author), Marine Desalinat Syst LLC, Suite 302,1211 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM clifford@lpi.jsc.nasa.gov NR 63 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 25 PY 2000 VL 105 IS E2 BP 4165 EP 4171 DI 10.1029/1999JE001119 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287LG UT WOS:000085506900006 ER PT J AU Axenrod, T Sun, JG Das, KK Dave, PR Forohar, F Kaselj, M Trivedi, NJ Gilardi, RD Flippen-Anderson, JL AF Axenrod, T Sun, JG Das, KK Dave, PR Forohar, F Kaselj, M Trivedi, NJ Gilardi, RD Flippen-Anderson, JL TI Synthesis and characterization of 5-substituted 1,3-diazacyclohexane derivatives SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROLYSIS AB Three synthetic routes to 5-substituted 1,3-diazacyclohexane derivatives 1 are reported. The first method involves treatment of 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol 2 with paraformaldehyde to yield 5-hydroxy-1,3-diazacyclohexane 3. A second method is based on the condensation of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol with tert-butylamine and formaldehyde to yield 1,3-di-tert-butyl-5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-diazacyclohexane 22. The third method relies on the cycloalkylation of methylenebisacetamide with 3-chloro-2-chloromethyl-2-propene to provide 5-exomethylene-1,3-diacetyl-1,3-diazacyclohexane 28. Functional group manipulations of 3, 22, and 28 provide a number of novel 1,3-diazacyclohexanes functionalized at the 5-position. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Energet Mat & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Axenrod, T (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1200 EP 1206 DI 10.1021/jo991524o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 289DH UT WOS:000085604900038 ER PT J AU Dave, PR Kumar, KA Duddu, R Axenrod, T Dai, R Das, KK Guan, XP Sun, JG Trivedi, NJ Gilardi, RD AF Dave, PR Kumar, KA Duddu, R Axenrod, T Dai, R Das, KK Guan, XP Sun, JG Trivedi, NJ Gilardi, RD TI Convenient acylative dealkylation of tertiary amines SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 Geo Ctr Inc, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Energet Mat & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dave, PR (reprint author), Geo Ctr Inc, ARDEC, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 2000 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1209 DI 10.1021/jo991525g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 289DH UT WOS:000085604900039 ER PT J AU Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Flom, SR Heckmann, H Hanack, M AF Shirk, JS Pong, RGS Flom, SR Heckmann, H Hanack, M TI Effect of axial substitution on the optical limiting properties of indium phthalocyanines SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-SATURABLE ABSORPTION; EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; NONLINEAR REFRACTION; C-60; PICOSECOND; FULLERENES; KINETICS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; C-70 AB Nonlinear absorption, refraction, and optical limiting by a series of manoaxially chloro- and aryl-substituted indium(III) phthalocyanines are described, The absorption cross sections and temporal evolution of the low-lying excited states are also reported. A large nonlinear absorption that increased with wavelength between 500 and 590 nm was observed in each material. The nanosecond nonlinear absorption and the optical limiting are shown to be dominated by a strong excited stair: absorption fi om an orientationally averaged tripler state. We derive and experimentally confirm the relation between the molecular absorption cross sections and the fluence-dependent nonlinear absorption coefficients. The effective nonlinear refraction on the nanosecond time scale was reduced because the electronic contribution to the nonlinear refractive index was of the opposite sign from the thermal contribution. An optical limiter using the new material, p-(trifluoromethyl)phenylindium(III) tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine [(t-Bu)(4)PcIn(p-TMP)], showed a much lower threshold for optical limiting and a much lower transmission at high fluences than previously reported indium phthalocyanine limiters. This improved optical limiting was due both to the larger nonlinear absorption coefficient and to the design of the limiter device. The optical properties of the in phthalocyanine moiety were found to be surprisingly robust to structural changes in the axial position. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Tubingen, Lehrstuhl Organ Chem 2, Inst Organ Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Shirk, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 54 TC 244 Z9 250 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 24 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 7 BP 1438 EP 1449 DI 10.1021/jp993254j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 289ED UT WOS:000085606800010 ER PT J AU Markowitz, MA Kust, PR Deng, G Schoen, PE Dordick, JS Clark, DS Gaber, BP AF Markowitz, MA Kust, PR Deng, G Schoen, PE Dordick, JS Clark, DS Gaber, BP TI Catalytic silica particles via template-directed molecular imprinting SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; ANTIBODIES; CAVITIES; SURFACE; LIPASE; GEL AB The surfaces of silica particles were molecularly imprinted with an alpha-chymotrypsin transition-state analogue (TSA) by utilizing the technique of template-directed synthesis of mineralized materials. The resulting catalytic particles hydrolyzed amides in an enantioselective manner. A mixture of a nonionic surfactant and the acylated chymotrypsin TSA, with the TSA acting as the headgroup at the surfactant-water interface, was used to form a microemulsion for silica particle formation. Incorporation of amine-, dihydroimidazole-, and carboxylate-terminated trialkoxysilanes into the particles during imprinting resulted in enhancement of the rates of amide hydrolysis. Acylated imprint molecules formed more effective imprints in the presence of the functionalized silanes than noplacylated imprint molecules. Particles surface-imprinted with the chymotrypsin TSA were selective for the trypsin substrate, and particles surface-imprinted with the L-isomer of the enzyme TSA were enantioselective for the D-isomer of the substrate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Markowitz, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Lab Mol Interfacial Interact, Code 6930, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 22 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1759 EP 1765 DI 10.1021/la990809t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 285XA UT WOS:000085412600041 ER PT J AU Robertson, CG Roland, CM AF Robertson, CG Roland, CM TI Breadth of the alpha-relaxation function in 1,4-polybutadiene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; GLASS-FORMING MATERIALS; LOCAL SEGMENTAL MOTION; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; BETA-RELAXATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITIONS; DIFFERENT MICROSTRUCTURES AB Mechanical and dielectric spectroscopy studies of local segmental motion (alpha-relaxation) in polybutadienes are reviewed and new results presented. Previous mechanical spectra for 1,4-polybutadiene relied on time-temperature superpositioning, leading to discrepancies regarding the breadth of the relaxation function. By measuring over a wide range of actual frequencies, we show that the mechanical dispersion is narrow, relative to 1,2-polybutadiene. The disagreement among published dielectric alpha-relaxation results is shown to be a consequence of the intrusion of the secondary relaxation for temperatures near the glass transition. The actual breadth of the relaxation function can be gleaned from analysis of the temperature dependence of the alpha-relaxation time and is consistent with the determination from mechanical spectroscopy (i.e., a narrow dispersion). Thus, decreasing vinyl content is associated with a narrower segmental relaxation function, whereby the correlation of chemical structure with both the breadth of the relaxation function and its temperature dependence holds for polybutadiene. This is in accord with an interpretation of the segmental dynamics based on steric interactions involving the pendant vinyl group enhancing intermolecular cooperativity. The T-g-normalized temperature dependences for 1,2- and 1,4-polybutadiene are also consistent with the respective energy barriers between conformational states of their backbones. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roland, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6120, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Robertson, Christopher/J-1812-2012 OI Robertson, Christopher/0000-0002-4217-5429 NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 22 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1262 EP 1267 DI 10.1021/ma991630s PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 286MM UT WOS:000085449800029 ER PT J AU Sitzmann, ME Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ Koppes, WM Stern, AG Thrasher, JS Trivedi, NJ Yang, ZY AF Sitzmann, ME Gilardi, R Butcher, RJ Koppes, WM Stern, AG Thrasher, JS Trivedi, NJ Yang, ZY TI Pentafluorosulfanylnitramide salts SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLEXIBLE ENERGETIC SALTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; DINITRAMIDE; DERIVATIVES; COMPLEXES; ANION; THERMOCHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; ACID AB The synthesis and properties of a new class of inorganic salts, named pentafluorosulfanylnitramide salts (or pentafluorosulfanylnitraminic acid salts) [Z(+)SF(5)NNO(2)(-)], are described. A number of SF5-nitramide salts (Z(+)SF(5)NNO(2)(-)) were successfully prepared via nucleophilic displacements from carbamates and/or ion exchange techniques, but some salts [M(SF5NNO2)(x); M = Li, Mg, Al] decomposed during isolation procedures and appear to be unstable in the solid state. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to fully characterize the Z(+)SF(5)NNO(2)(-), and their properties/structures are compared with those of the corresponding dinitramide salts (or dinitraminic acid salts), Z(+)N(NO2)(2-). X-ray crystallography revealed major structural differences between N(NO2)(2-) and SF5N(NO2)(-) salts concerning the N-N distances and the angles subtended at the central nitrogen atom. In the N(NO2)(2-) salts, there are two nonequivalent N-N (average lengths 1.372(2) and 1.354(2) Angstrom) distances and an average N-N-N angle of 115.8(3)degrees (falls between sp(3) and sp(2) hybridization). In the SF5NNO2- salts, the average N-N distance is much shorter, 1.308(9) Angstrom, and the average N-N-S angle is 120.0(5)degrees (closely fits sp(2) hybridization). The SF5NNO2- salts show a remarkable metrical similarity for the SF5 moiety in all structures, indicating a lack of sensitivity to its steric and electronic environment. This is in marked contrast to N(NO2)(2)(-), where there is a wide variation in conformations adopted by these anions which can be related to their environment. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Sitzmann, ME (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 4 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1021/ic991281i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 286WP UT WOS:000085472100035 PM 11272586 ER PT J AU Zeisse, CR Nener, BD Dewees, RV AF Zeisse, CR Nener, BD Dewees, RV TI Measurement of low-altitude infrared propagation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; AEROSOL AB Infrared propagation at low altitudes is determined by extinction that is due to molecules and aerosol particles and ray bending by refraction, three effects that control the mean value of the signal. Interference causes the signal to fluctuate, or scintillate, about the mean value. We discuss; the design, calibration, and limitations of a held instrument for measuring optical propagation inside the midwave and long-wave infrared atmospheric windows. The instrument, which is accurate to +/-10%, has been used to investigate aerosol, refractive, and scintillation phenomena in the marine boundary layer. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. USN, Phys Res Branch, Air Warfare Ctr, China Lake, CA 95333 USA. RP Zeisse, CR (reprint author), Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Propagat Div, 49170 Propagat Path, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM zeisse@spawar.navy.mil RI Nener, Brett/H-5523-2014 OI Nener, Brett/0000-0001-8081-2620 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 BP 873 EP 886 DI 10.1364/AO.39.000873 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 285XC UT WOS:000085412800001 PM 18337963 ER PT J AU Gao, BC Montes, MJ Ahmad, Z Davis, CO AF Gao, BC Montes, MJ Ahmad, Z Davis, CO TI Atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of ocean color from space SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID AVIRIS DATA; AEROSOL; REFLECTANCE; ABSORPTION; AIRBORNE; REMOVAL; CODE AB Existing atmospheric correction algorithms for multichannel remote sensing of ocean color from space were designed for retrieving water-leaving radiances in the visible over clear deep ocean areas and cannot easily be modified for retrievals over turbid coastal waters. We have developed an atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of ocean color with the near-future Coastal Ocean Imaging Spectrometer. The algorithm uses lookup tables generated with a vector radiative transfer code. Aerosol parameters are determined by a spectrum-matching technique that uses channels located at wavelengths longer than 0.86 mu m. The aerosol information is extracted back to the visible based on aerosol models during the retrieval of water-leaving radiances. Quite reasonable water-leaving radiances have been obtained when our algorithm was applied to process hyperspectral imaging data acquired with an airborne imaging spectrometer. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci & Data Syst Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. RP Gao, BC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM gao@rsd.nrl.navy.mi1 RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 23 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 BP 887 EP 896 DI 10.1364/AO.39.000887 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 285XC UT WOS:000085412800002 PM 18337964 ER PT J AU Mandrini, CH Demoulin, P Klimchuk, JA AF Mandrini, CH Demoulin, P Klimchuk, JA TI Magnetic field and plasma scaling laws: Their implications for coronal heating models SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID DIFFUSE SOLAR CORONA; X-RAY TELESCOPE; ACTIVE-REGION; ELECTRIC CURRENTS; ALFVEN WAVES; FLUX TUBE; LOOPS; ENERGY; SHEAR; CONFIGURATIONS AB In order to test different models of coronal heating, we have investigated how the magnetic field strength of coronal flux tubes depends on the end-to-end length of the tube. Using photospheric magnetograms from both observed and idealized active regions, we computed potential, linear force-free, and magnetostatic extrapolation models. For each model, we then determined the average coronal field strength, < B >, in approximately 1000 individual flux tubes with regularly spaced footpoints. Scatter plots of < B > versus length, L, are characterized by a flat section for small L and a steeply declining section for large L. They are well described by a function of the form log < B > = C-1 + C-2 log L + C-3/2 log (L-2 + S-2), where C-2 approximate to 0, -3 less than or equal to C-3 less than or equal to -1, and 40 less than or equal to S less than or equal to 240 Mm is related to the characteristic size of the active region. There is a tendency for the magnitude of C-3 to decrease as the magnetic complexity of the region increases. The average magnetic energy in a flux tube, < B-2>, exhibits a similar behavior, with only C-3 being significantly different. For flux tubes of intermediate length, 50 less than or equal to L less than or equal to 300 Mm, corresponding to the soft X-ray loops in a study by Klimchuk & Porter (1995), we find a universal scaling law of the form < B > proportional to L-delta, where delta = -0.88 +/- 0.3. By combining this with the Klimchuk & Porter result that the heating rate scales as L-2, We can test different models of coronal heating. We find that models involving the gradual stressing of the magnetic field, by slow footpoint motions, are in generally better agreement with the observational constraints than are wave heating models. We conclude, however, that the theoretical models must be more fully developed and the observational uncertainties must be reduced before any definitive statements about specific heating mechanisms can be made. C1 Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Observ Paris, Meudon Sect, DASOP, CNRS,URA 2080, F-92195 Meudon, France. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mandrini, CH (reprint author), Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, CC 67 Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Klimchuk, James/D-1041-2012; OI Klimchuk, James/0000-0003-2255-0305; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 56 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2000 VL 530 IS 2 BP 999 EP 1015 DI 10.1086/308398 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297BW UT WOS:000086062500037 ER PT J AU Murray, HW Pepin, J Nutman, TB Hoffman, SL Mahmoud, AAF AF Murray, HW Pepin, J Nutman, TB Hoffman, SL Mahmoud, AAF TI Tropical medicine SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; VACCINE C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Int Hlth, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 5N4, Canada. NIH, Helminth Immunol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Clin Parasitol Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Merck Vaccines, Whitehouse Stn, NJ 08889 USA. RP Murray, HW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R56 AI016963, AI 16963, R01 AI016963] NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD FEB 19 PY 2000 VL 320 IS 7233 BP 490 EP 494 DI 10.1136/bmj.320.7233.490 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 288KP UT WOS:000085562200028 PM 10678866 ER PT J AU Randall, CE Bevilacqua, RM Lumpe, JD Hoppel, KW Rusch, DW Shettle, EP AF Randall, CE Bevilacqua, RM Lumpe, JD Hoppel, KW Rusch, DW Shettle, EP TI Comparison of polar ozone and aerosol measurement (POAM) II and stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment (SAGE) II aerosol measurements from 1994 to 1996 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; RETRIEVAL; LIDAR; INSTRUMENT; INVERSION; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; SIZE AB We describe statistical comparisons between version 6.0 Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II and version 5.931 Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II measurements of aerosol extinction and derived surface area and volume density between 1994 and 1996. Qualitatively, both instruments show similar decay of the aerosol extinction at visible and near-IR wavelengths in the altitude range from 12 to 30 km, resulting from dissipation of the Mount Pinatubo aerosols. We present quantitative differences between the SAGE II and FOAM II extinctions at 1 and 0.45 mu m for temporally and spatially coincident measurements. On average, for the moderately elevated aerosol extinction levels encountered in 1994, differences in the extinction at higher and lower altitudes. Differences at 0.45 mu m are within +/-35% between 13 and 30 km, increasing at lower altitudes. For the lower aerosol extinction conditions of 1995 and 1996, the comparisons indicate that systematic errors contributed to larger relative differences between the instruments. These effects are manifested as "asymmetries" in the Northern Hemisphere versus Southern Hemisphere comparisons, and in the 1 mu m versus 0.45 mu m comparisons. We suggest that these systematic differences are partly due to altitude registration errors in one or both of the instruments. Average volume densities derived using a principal component analysis technique agreed within about 10% at high northern latitudes between 16 and 27 km, and within about 30% at high southern latitudes. In most cases, surface area density differences were somewhat larger. Although a dedicated validation campaign was not feasible for FOAM II, overall the results presented here confirm the validity of the FOAM II aerosol measurements for scientific studies. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cora.randall@lasp.colorado.edu; bevilacq@poamb.nrl.navy.mil; lumpe@cpi.com; hoppel@poamb.nrl.navy.mil; rusch@lasp.colorado.edu; shettle@poamb.nrl.navy.mil NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D3 BP 3929 EP 3942 DI 10.1029/1999JD901024 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 286ZP UT WOS:000085479000031 ER PT J AU Van Bergen, SK Bakaltcheva, IB Lundgren, JS Shriver-Lake, LC AF Van Bergen, SK Bakaltcheva, IB Lundgren, JS Shriver-Lake, LC TI On-site detection of explosives in groundwater with a fiber optic biosensor SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TNT AB Two primary explosives involved in groundwater contamination, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), were detected on-site at low ppb levels with a semiautomated fiber optic biosensor. Validation of the Analyte 2000 (manufactured by Research International Inc., Woodinville, WA) for TNT and RDX detection was performed at two Superfund sites, Umatilla Army Depot and Naval Surface Weapons Center Crane. Samples from monitoring wells were split for analysis using the fiber optic biosensor on-site and using U.S. EPA SW-846 Method 8330 (reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography) in an off site laboratory. The Analyte 2000, a multifiber probe fluorimeter, was coupled to a fluidics unit for semiautomated operation. The fiber optic biosensor assay is based on a competitive fluorescent immunoassay performed on the silica core of a fiber probe. From these studies, the limit of detection was determined to be 5 mu g/L for both TNT and RDX. In addition to the field samples, extensive laboratory analyses were performed to determine cross-reactivity, matrix effects, and false positive/negative rates. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Shriver-Lake, LC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 4 BP 704 EP 708 DI 10.1021/es990815b PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284UY UT WOS:000085352300026 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Lean, J Sheeley, NR AF Wang, YM Lean, J Sheeley, NR TI The long-term variation of the Sun's open magnetic flux SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL HOLES; FIELD; CYCLE-21 AB The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has its origin in open magnetic regions of the Sun (coronal holes). The location of these regions and their total open flux Phi(open) can be inferred from current-free extrapolations of the observed photospheric field. We derive the long-term variation of Phi(open) during 1971-1998 and discuss its causes. Near sunspot minimum, the open flux originates mainly from the large polar coronal holes, whereas at sunspot maximum it is rooted in small, lower-latitude holes characterized by very high field strengths; the total amount of open flux thus remains roughly constant between sunspot minimum and maximum. Through most of the cycle, the variation of Phi(open) closely follows that of the Sun's total dipole strength, showing much less dependence on the total photospheric flux or the sunspot number. However, episodic increases in large-scale sunspot activity lead to strengthenings of the equatorial dipole component, and hence to enhancements in Phi(open) and the IMF strength lasting typically similar to 1 yr. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639 NR 12 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1029/1999GL010744 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 284QN UT WOS:000085343600016 ER PT J AU Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA AF Teague, WJ Jacobs, GA TI Current observations on the development of the Yellow Sea Warm Current SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EAST CHINA SEAS; FORECAST MODEL; KUROSHIO; SUMMER; WATER AB Historically, the climatological mean northward flow in the Yellow Sea trough has been referred to as the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) since it was thought to originate as a branch of the Tsushima Current which transports warm Kuroshio waters. However, the Tsushima Current does not penetrate into the Yellow Sea interior during winter. The onset of what is referred to as the YSWC during winter is directly observed using measurements of current profiles, pressure, and temperature, and a wind climatology for the time period July 1995 through January 1996. The YSWC is a result of weak southerly winds during summer. During fall transition and winter monsoon periods, strong northerly wind bursts drive a north-to-south rise in pressure extending from the trough over to the Korean coast and force a northward flow in the Yellow Sea trough. The rise in pressure and corresponding north wind-forced YSWC begin at the end of October for this measurement period and are observed into January. These measurements show that the YSWC has different seasonal forcing mechanisms. Direct current measurements are also presented which suggest a current flow north of Cheju, sometimes referred to as the Cheju Warm Current. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teague, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C2 BP 3401 EP 3411 DI 10.1029/1999JC900301 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 284ML UT WOS:000085336100012 ER PT J AU Lipphardt, BL Kirwan, AD Grosch, CE Lewis, JK Paduan, JD AF Lipphardt, BL Kirwan, AD Grosch, CE Lewis, JK Paduan, JD TI Blending HF radar and model velocities in Monterey Bay through normal mode analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC FLOW CHARACTERISTICS; QUASI-LAGRANGIAN DATA; BLACK-SEA; RECONSTRUCTION AB Nowcasts of the surface velocity field in Monterey Bay are made for the period August 1-9, 1994, using HF radar observations blended with results from a primitive equation model. A spectral method called normal mode analysis was used. Objective spatial and temporal filtering were performed, and stream function, velocity potential, relative vorticity, and horizontal divergence were calculated over the domain. This type of nowcasting permits global spectral analysis of mode amplitudes, calculation of enstrophy, and additional analyses using tools like empirical orthogonal functions. The nowcasts reported here include open boundary flow information from the numerical model. Nowcasts using no open boundary flow information, however, still provide excellent results for locations within the observation footprint. This method, then, is useful for filtering high-resolution data like HF radar observations, even when open boundary flow information is unavailable. Also, since the nowcast velocity gradient fields were much less noisy than the observations, this may be an effective method for preconditioning high-resolution observation sets for assimilation into a numerical model. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Ocean Phys Res & Dev, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93942 USA. RP Lipphardt, BL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Robinson Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C2 BP 3425 EP 3450 DI 10.1029/1999JC900295 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 284ML UT WOS:000085336100014 ER PT J AU Lenz, G Zimmermann, J Katsufuji, T Lines, ME Hwang, HY Spalter, S Slusher, RE Cheong, SW Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Lenz, G Zimmermann, J Katsufuji, T Lines, ME Hwang, HY Spalter, S Slusher, RE Cheong, SW Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Large Kerr effect in bulk Se-based chalcogenide glasses SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REFRACTION; DISPERSION; INDEX AB High-speed optical communication requires ultrafast all-optical processing and switching capabilities. The Kerr nonlinearity, an ultrafast optical nonlinearity, is often used as the basic switching mechanism. A practical, small device that can be switched with similar to 1-pJ energies requires a large Kerr effect with minimal losses (both linear and nonlinear). We have investigated theoretically and experimentally a number of Se-based chalcogenide glasses. We have found a number of compounds with a Kerr nonlinearity hundreds of times larger than silica, making them excellent candidates for ultrafast all-optical devices. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 160.2750, 160.4430, 190.3270, 190.4400, 190.4720, 320.7080. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lenz, G (reprint author), Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 700 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Hwang, Harold/I-6943-2012; Katsufuji, Takuro/B-6283-2016 OI Katsufuji, Takuro/0000-0002-3199-1228 NR 19 TC 207 Z9 215 U1 4 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000254 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 284FB UT WOS:000085319200022 PM 18059846 ER PT J AU Jones, MD Boettger, JC Albers, RC Singh, DJ AF Jones, MD Boettger, JC Albers, RC Singh, DJ TI Theoretical atomic volumes of the light actinides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HIGH-PRESSURES; DENSITY; METALS; CRYSTAL; PU; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS; TH; PA AB The zero-pressure zero-temperature equilibrium volumes and bulk moduli are calculated for the light actinides Th through Pu using two independent all-electron, full-potential, electronic-structure methods: the full-potential linear augmented-plane-wave method and the linear combinations of Gaussinn-type orbitals-fitting function method. The results produced by these two distinctly different electronic-structure techniques are in good agreement with each other, but differ significantly from previously published calculations using the full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital (FP-LMTO) method. The theoretically calculated equilibrium volumes are in some cases nearly 10% larger than the previous FP-LMTO calculations, bringing them much closer to the experimentally observed volumes. We also discuss the anomalous upturn in equilibrium volume seen experimentally for alpha-Pu. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 45 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 7 BP 4644 EP 4650 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.4644 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 287GB UT WOS:000085497200058 ER PT J AU Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Kioussis, N Herbranson, M AF Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Kioussis, N Herbranson, M TI Tight-binding study of stacking fault energies and the Rice criterion of ductility in the fcc metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; GROUND-STATE; NOBLE-METALS; TRANSITION; CRACK AB We have used the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) tight-binding (TB) method to calculate the generalized stacking fault energy and the Rice ductility criterion in the fee metals Al, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au, and Pb. The method works well for all classes of metals, i.e., simple metals, noble metals, and transition metals. We compared our results with full potential linear-muffin-tin orbital and embedded atom method (EAM) calculations, as well as experiment, and found good agreement. This is impressive, since the NRL-TB approach only fits to first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave equations of state and band structures for cubic systems. Comparable accuracy with EAM potentials can be achieved only by fitting to the stacking fault energy. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 28 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 7 BP 4894 EP 4897 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.4894 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 287GB UT WOS:000085497200096 ER PT J AU Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA Singh, DJ AF Mazin, II Papaconstantopoulos, DA Singh, DJ TI Tight-binding Hamiltonians for Sr-filled ruthenates: Application to the gap anisotropy and Hall coefficient in Sr2RuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERMI-SURFACE AB Accurate orthogonal tight-binding Hamiltonians are constructed-for ferromagnetic SrRuO3 and the layered perovskite superconductor, Sr2RuO4, by fitting to all-electron full-potential local density band structures obtained by the linearized augmented plane-wave method. These Hamiltonians allow the band structure to be computed on very fine meshes in the Brillouin zone at:low cost, and additionally have an analytic form for band velocities, while retaining the accuracy of the full-potential electronic structure calculations. This greatly facilitates calculation of transport and superconducting parameters related to the fermiology. These features are exploited to calculate the Hall coefficient and vortex lattice geometry for Sr2RuO4 with fine integration meshes. We find the upper limit for the interband order parameter anisotropy to be compatible with the observed square geometry. We also find that the sign reversal:of;the Hall coefficient can be explained in a conventional way if the bands are shifted by a few mRy so as, to match the experimental de Haas-van Alphen areas exactly, and the temperature dependence of the relaxation time is strongly dependent on the band character. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mazin, II (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 8 BP 5223 EP 5228 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.5223 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 290ZD UT WOS:000085707000032 ER PT J AU Gole, JL DeVincentis, JA Seals, L Lillehei, PT Prokes, SM Dixon, DA AF Gole, JL DeVincentis, JA Seals, L Lillehei, PT Prokes, SM Dixon, DA TI Chloride salt enhancement and stabilization of the photoluminescence from a porous silicon surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOXYLATION; VISIBLE-PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE MECHANISM; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ANODIC-OXIDATION; IN-SITU; FILMS; IDENTIFICATION; DISSOLUTION; EXCITATION AB In a postetch treatment, chloride salts are used to greatly enhance and stabilize the photoluminescence (PL) from a porous silicon (PS) surface. We compare the enhancement and stabilization induced by solutions of the strong acid HCl (H++Cl-), saturated NaCl (in MeOH, where Me denotes methyl), and a tetrabutylammonium perchlorate [TBAP(Cl-)] solution. The extent and duration of the stabilization process and its dependence on the chloride-ion concentration, the identity of the cation, and the solvent composition are outlined and contrasted to strongly quenching NaF (Na++F-) and NaOH (Na++OH-) treatments. Treatment with HCl is found to produce the most efficient enhancement of the PL signal. The H+- and Cl--ion concentrations in solution are critical as the stability of the strong HCl-induced enhancement of the nitrogen-laser-induced luminescence from the PS surface depends, as well, on the presence of methanol. PS surfaces treated in an HCl/H2O solution display a strongly enhanced in situ luminescence, which decays rapidly in an ex situ environment without treatment in ultrahigh-purity (UHP) methanol. Samples treated in an HCl(H2O)/MeOH solution (greater than 2M) maintain their enhancement for extended periods. Chloride-ion stabilization appears independent of the method of preparing the PS structure, implying that chloride salt treatment largely stabilizes the surface structure of the luminescent PS. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrate the profound change that accompanies the HCl treatment of the PS surface. Energy dispersive spectroscopy reveals chloride incorporation into the PS surface at strongly photoluminescent regions, Raman scattering demonstrates that the PL is correlated with the creation of amorphous structural regions. In conjunction with detailed quantum-chemical modeling, in which we examine the derivatization of the PS surface, time-dependent histograms obtained for the HCl-treated systems indicate that the resulting luminescence, initiated through the pumping of the HCl-modified surface, displays the manifestation of a significant surface interaction. It is suggested that this interaction might result in the formation of both chlorosilanones and chlorosilylenes, the latter of which are formed in either a photochemically induced or chloride-catalyzed conversion of the silanone, The modification of the PS surface appears to facilitate the formation of a photoluminescing "blue-green" precursor state as well as a "deep red" emitter, both of which appear to be associated, at least in part, with surface-bound silylene isomers. The importance of these results to sensor development is considered. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gole, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Lillehei, Peter/C-9196-2009 OI Lillehei, Peter/0000-0001-8183-9980 NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 8 BP 5615 EP 5631 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.5615 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 290ZD UT WOS:000085707000077 ER PT J AU Buot, FA Zhao, P Cui, HL Woolard, DL Jensen, KL Krowne, CM AF Buot, FA Zhao, P Cui, HL Woolard, DL Jensen, KL Krowne, CM TI Emitter quantization and double hysteresis in resonant-tunneling structures: A nonlinear model of charge oscillation and current bistability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC BISTABILITY; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; WELL AB The effects of emitter quantization on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of conventional double-barrier resonant tunneling structures (RTS's) are investigated by numerical, graphical, and analytical methods. Different stability and degrees of emitter quantization can lead to a host of different I-V characteristics in the negative differential resistance (NDR) region. Among these are simple NDR, NDR with a rising plateaulike region and well-separated double hysteresis, and NDR with a falling plateaulike region and well-separated double hysteresis. The ratio of the main hysteresis width to the secondary hysteresis width can vary between 1 and infinity. The use of large enough spacer layers can eliminate the hysteresis and plateaulike behavior. Our numerical results for RTS's are analyzed by employing graphical (based on simulated quantum-well charge) and analytical methods, and compared with experiments. We introduce a nonlinear physical model which is solved analytically for the Limit cycle solution. The limit cycle predicts a rising average current, whereas the nonoscillatory solution predicts a falling current in the plateau region as a function of bias. The limit cycle also predicts a monotonically decreasing amplitude of the current oscillation as a function of bias in the plateau region. The fundamental frequency increases, reaches a maximum, and sharply decreases to zero as a function of bias in the plateau region. These analytical results agree with experiments and numerical simulations. The origin of inductive delay in RTS's is further clarified. We believe we have resolved in fine detail the controversy about the I-V characteristics of conventional RTS's. A prescription for this structure to operate as an all solid-state THz source is also given. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Buot, FA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 8 BP 5644 EP 5665 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.5644 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 290ZD UT WOS:000085707000080 ER PT J AU Gladden, ML Gillingham, BL Hennrikus, W Vaughan, LM AF Gladden, ML Gillingham, BL Hennrikus, W Vaughan, LM TI Aneurysmal bone cyst of the first cervical vertebrae in a child treated with percutaneous intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone - A case report SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE bone cyst; aneurysmal; calcitonin; child; cervical vertebrae ID EMBOLIZATION; SPINE AB Study Design. First published report of a child with an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the first cervical vertebrae treated successfully with intralesional injection of calcitonin and methylprednisolone. Objective. To describe a safe and effective nonsurgical treatment method for an ABC of the first cervical vertebrae. Summary of Background Data. Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine comprise from 3% to 20% of all such lesions. Upper cervical spine involvement is rare and these lesions are difficult to treat. Standard treatment with curettage and bone grafting or other alternatives such as radiation therapy or embolization may not be possible in this location. Percutaneous injection with a variety of agents has also been described. Methylprednisolone and calcitonin were selected in this case in an effort to combine the proposed angiostatic and fibroblastic inhibitory effects of steroid with the proposed osteoclastic inhibitory and promotion of new bony trabeculae formation effects of calcitonin. Method. This case was described, and pertinent literature reviewed. Results. Sclerosis and shrinkage of the lesion with concomitant symptom resolution occurred after two injections with calcitonin and methylprednisolone via computed tomography (CT) guidance. No complications occurred The lesion remained quiescent at a 2-year 7-month follow-up. Conclusions. Percutaneous intralesional injection of an ABC of the first cervical vertebrae with calcitonin and methylprednisolone in a child via CT guidance was a safe and effective treatment. This is a promising treatment for surgically inaccessible aneurysmal bone cysts. C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Scripps Clin & Res Fdn, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gillingham, BL (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 527 EP 530 DI 10.1097/00007632-200002150-00023 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 286ZD UT WOS:000085478000024 PM 10707403 ER PT J AU Raphael, MP Reeves, ME Skelton, EF Kendziora, C AF Raphael, MP Reeves, ME Skelton, EF Kendziora, C TI Pressure dependence of the irreversibility line in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta: of anisotropy in flux-line formation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DIFFERENT OXYGEN STOICHIOMETRY; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SURFACE BARRIERS; DIMENSIONAL CROSSOVER; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAGNETIZATION; VORTICES AB One of the important problems of high-temperature superconductivity is to understand and ultimately to control fluxoid motion. Here we present data on the pressure dependence of the irreversibility line measured up to 2.5 GPa. We observe that the application of pressure changes the interplanar coupling by decreasing the c-axis length, without significantly disturbing the intraplanar superconductivity. Our results directly show the relationship between lattice spacing and the irreversibility line in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, and demonstrate the potential for a dramatic reduction in the flux motion. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Raphael, MP (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1587 EP 1590 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.1587 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 283GB UT WOS:000085267100057 ER PT J AU Kaye, FJ Modi, S Ivanovska, I Koonin, EV Thress, K Kubo, A Kornbluth, S Rose, MD AF Kaye, FJ Modi, S Ivanovska, I Koonin, EV Thress, K Kubo, A Kornbluth, S Rose, MD TI A family of ubiquitin-like proteins binds the ATPase domain of Hsp-70-like Stch SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; Hsp70; Stch; ubiquitin-like gene ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; DNA-REPAIR; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; UBA DOMAIN; IN-VITRO; ENCODES; BAG-1; ALIGNMENT; PATHWAY; HSC70 AB We have isolated two human ubiquitin-like (UbL) proteins that bind to a short peptide within the ATPase domain of the Hsp70-like Stch protein. Chap1 is a duplicated homologue of the yeast Dsk2 gene that is required for transit through the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and expression of the human full-length cDNA restored viability and suppressed the G2/M arrest phenotype of dsk2 Delta rad23 Delta Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants. Chap2 is a homologue for Xenopus scythe which is an essential component of reaper-induced apoptosis in egg extracts, While the S-terminal UbL domains were not essential for Stch binding, Chap1/Dsk2 contains a Sti1-like repeat sequence that is required far binding to Stch and is also conserved in the Hsp70 binding proteins, Hip and p60/Sti1/Hop. These findings extend the association between Hsp70 members and genes encoding UbL sequences and suggest a broader role for the Hsp70-like ATPase family in regulating cell cycle and cell death events, (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 NCI, Med Branch, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Kaye, FJ (reprint author), USN Hosp, NCI, Bldg 8,Rm 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI kaye, frederic/E-2437-2011; OI Rose, Mark/0000-0003-1112-4765 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM56518] NR 30 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2000 VL 467 IS 2-3 BP 348 EP 352 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01135-2 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 285ZF UT WOS:000085417700043 PM 10675567 ER PT J AU Carr, JS Sellgren, K Balachandran, SC AF Carr, JS Sellgren, K Balachandran, SC TI The first stellar abundance measurements in the Galactic center: The M supergiant IRS 7 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Galaxy : center; stars : abundances; stars : late-type; supergiants ID H-II REGIONS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLING MODEL ATMOSPHERES; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; WOLF-RAYET STARS; MASSIVE STARS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; COOL STARS; MILKY-WAY; M-GIANTS AB The first measurement of the photospheric abundances in a star at the Galactic center are presented. A detailed abundance analysis of the Galactic center M2 supergiant IRS 7 was carried out using high-resolution near-infrared echelle spectra. The Fe abundance for IRS 7 was found to be close to solar, [Fe/H] = -0.02 +/- 0.13, and nearly identical to the Fe abundance we obtained for the nearby M supergiants a Ori and VV Cep. Analysis of the first and second overtone lines of CO was used to derive an effective temperature of 3600 +/- 230 K, a microturbulent velocity of 3.0 +/- 0.3 km s(-1) and a carbon abundance logs (C)= 7.78 +/- 0.13, or [C/H] = -0.77. In addition, we find a high depletion of 0.74 +/- 0.32 dex in O and an enhancement of 0.92 +/- 0.18 dex in N. These abundances are consistent with the dredge-up of CNO cycle products but require deep mixing in excess of that predicted by standard models for red supergiants. In light of our measured solar Fe abundance for IRS 7, we discuss other indicators of metallicity at the Galactic center, the interpretation of low-resolution near-infrared spectra of late-type giants and supergiants, including the need for caution in using such spectra as measures of metallicity, and the evolution of massive young stars at the Galactic center. We suggest the possibility that rapid stellar rotation is common for stars formed under conditions in the Galactic center, and that extra internal mixing induced by high rotation rates, rather than evolution at high metallicity, is the explanation for many of the unusual properties of the hot emission-line stars in the Galactic center. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carr, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7217, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 105 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2000 VL 530 IS 1 BP 307 EP 322 DI 10.1086/308340 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290YC UT WOS:000085704600026 ER PT J AU Zhao, PJ Cui, HL Woolard, DL Jensen, KL Buot, FA AF Zhao, PJ Cui, HL Woolard, DL Jensen, KL Buot, FA TI Origin of hysteresis and plateau-like behavior of the I-V characteristics of resonant tunneling diodes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC BISTABILITY; OSCILLATIONS; SIMULATION AB In terms of numerical calculation of the coupled Wigner function-Poisson equations, the explanation to the origin of hysteresis and plateau-like behavior of the I-V characteristics of double barrier resonant tunneling devices is put forth. Several basic physical factors play key roles in the process of electron tunneling. Among these the most important factors are the interference of the injected and the reflected electron waves which leads to the formation of an emitter quantum well, the coupling between the energy level in the main quantum well and that in the emitter quantum well, and the coupling between the energy level in the main quantum well and the conduction band edge or the three-dimensional states in the emitter. The interplay of these factors determines the form of the I-V curve of the resonant tunneling structure. The coupling between the energy levels in the emitter quantum-well and the main quantum-well leads to the plateau behavior of the I-V curves. The strength of the coupling determines the average slope of the plateaulike region in the I-V curve. The bias domain that the coupling exists determines the length of the plateau-like structure in the I-V curve. The domain can be controlled by adjusting the width of the barriers. The hysteresis is shown to be a manifestation of the above-mentioned energy level coupling, the coupling between the energy level in the main quantum well and the conduction band edge or the three-dimensional states in the emitter, and the quantitative accumulation and distribution of electrons in the emitter region. This work provides new insight for understanding the nonlinear I-V behavior and establishes a foundation for the future analysis of bistability and oscillation behavior in resonant tunneling structures. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, PJ (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD FEB 10 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP 411 EP 426 DI 10.1142/S021797920000039X PG 16 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 294UQ UT WOS:000085929100005 ER PT J AU Dressick, WJ Chen, MS Brandow, SL AF Dressick, WJ Chen, MS Brandow, SL TI Patterned noncovalent binding and metallization of adsorbates in thin film nanocavities SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLESS METAL-DEPOSITION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SILICON; ELLIPSOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVENT; LAYERS; WATER; ACID C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dressick, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 9 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 5 BP 982 EP 983 DI 10.1021/ja992285p PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 283UP UT WOS:000085294700041 ER PT J AU Bermudez, VM AF Bermudez, VM TI Chemisorption of NH3 on GaN(0001)-(1 x 1) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE CLUSTER-MODELS; AMMONIA ADSORPTION; WURTZITE GAN; ZNO SURFACES; PM3; TEMPERATURE; DESORPTION; HYDROGEN; GROWTH; MNDO AB The chemisorption of MH, on the GaN(0001)-(1 X 1) surface has been studied using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy together with semiempirical molecular orbital cluster calculations. Adsorption removes surface states near the valence band maximum with little or no change in band bending. The data indicate a much smaller emission intensity for the N lone-pair orbital than is expected for an -NH2 species with three-fold coordinated N. Comparison of observed and calculated spectra suggests that NH3 dissociates into chemisorbed NH2 and H, with the N atom four-fold coordinated as an asymmetric bridge between two surface Ga atoms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bermudez, VM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6862,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2000 VL 317 IS 3-5 BP 290 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01404-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 282PT UT WOS:000085227800017 ER PT J AU Hubler, GK AF Hubler, GK TI Fluff balls of fire SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hubler, GK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6370, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 3 PY 2000 VL 403 IS 6769 BP 487 EP 488 DI 10.1038/35000674 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282PM UT WOS:000085227300025 ER PT J AU Hovis, JS Coulter, SK Hamers, RJ D'Evelyn, MP Russell, JN Butler, JE AF Hovis, JS Coulter, SK Hamers, RJ D'Evelyn, MP Russell, JN Butler, JE TI Cycloaddition chemistry at surfaces: Reaction of alkenes with the diamond(001)-2 x 1 surface SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIELS-ALDER REACTION; PI-BONDED DIMERS; SI(100)-2X1 SURFACE; DESORPTION-KINETICS; AB-INITIO; DIAMOND(100) SURFACE; SI(001) SURFACE; HYDROGEN; RECONSTRUCTION; CHEMISORPTION C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. GE, Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 32 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 2 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 732 EP 733 DI 10.1021/ja9929077 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 281MU UT WOS:000085165200032 ER PT J AU Wang, GT Bent, SF Russell, JN Butler, JE D'Evelyn, MP AF Wang, GT Bent, SF Russell, JN Butler, JE D'Evelyn, MP TI Functionalization of diamond(100) by Diels-Alder chemistry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PI-BONDED DIMERS; SI(100)-2X1 SURFACE; AB-INITIO; HYDROGEN; DESORPTION; ADSORPTION; COVERAGES; KINETICS; GE(100); ENERGY C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. GE, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Bent, SF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Wang, George/C-9401-2009 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173 NR 33 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 2 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 744 EP 745 DI 10.1021/ja993024i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 281MU UT WOS:000085165200038 ER PT J AU DeGraba, T Azhar, S Dignat-George, F Brown, E Boutiere, B Altarescu, G McCarron, R Schiffmann, R AF DeGraba, T Azhar, S Dignat-George, F Brown, E Boutiere, B Altarescu, G McCarron, R Schiffmann, R TI Profile of endothelial and leukocyte activation in Fabry patients SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; VON-WILLEBRAND-FACTOR; PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; DISEASE; CELLS; GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; INTERLEUKIN-1; ADHESION; LIPOPROTEINS AB Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder resulting in the deposition of globotriaosylceramide in numerous cell types including vascular endothelial cells. Because this disease is associated with vascular injury and a high recurrence rate of thrombotic events, measurements of factors regulating endothelium and leukocyte interaction may provide insight into the mechanisms leading to a prothrombotic state. Twenty-five patients with Fabry disease and 25 control subjects participated in the study. Plasma from all 25 Fabry patients and 15 of the 25 controls were studied for multiple endothelial factors. Leukocyte integrins were measured by flow cytometry in 21 Fabry patients and 10 controls. The concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor were significantly higher and thrombomodulin was significantly lower in Fabry patients. Expression of the integrin CD11b on monocytes was also significantly higher in the Fabry patients. This study reveals measurable evidence for endothelium and leukocyte activation that is consistent with a prothrombotic state in Fabry patients compared with controls. Further investigations of these findings may help to understand the mechanism of stroke in Fabry disease and provide indicators (or markers) of efficacy of future therapeutic intervention. C1 NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Dev & Metab Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Lab Hematol & Immunol, Marseille, France. RP DeGraba, T (reprint author), NINDS, Stroke Branch, NIH, 36 Convent Dr,MSC 4128,Bldg 36,Room 4A-03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 30 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 47 IS 2 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1002/1531-8249(200002)47:2<229::AID-ANA13>3.0.CO;2-T PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 280TR UT WOS:000085120300013 PM 10665494 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP AF Lambrakos, SG Trzaskoma-Paulette, PP TI Analysis of electromodulated optical second-harmonic response at a metal/electrolyte interface using a local surface-site charge-displacement model SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE second-harmonic generation (SHG); metal/electrolyte interface structure; molecular level interpretation of second; harmonic signals; nonlinear optics; electrochemical interfaces ID AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; FILM SILVER ELECTRODES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; AG(111); SPECTROSCOPY AB We present aspects of a general approach for the analysis of second-harmonic response at a metal/electrolyte interface. Analysis is based on a combination of principles from classical system identification and pattern recognition with a previously derived explicit and general representation of modulated second-harmonic response on the molecular level. This study emphasizes the adaptation of our approach :Ind associated representation for the formulation of feature variables whose purpose is to extract features associated with observed trends in modulated second-harmonic signals, Our development introduces the concept of representing the multidimensional processes responsible for second-harmonic generation by means of a one-dimensional stationary stochastic process. This approach allows us to extract trends in experimental data correlated with molecular level charge displacements and resonant effects. The paper concludes with a series of analyses that illustrate the :applicability of our approach and suggest possible pathways for its extension. C1 USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 54 IS 2 BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.1366/0003702001949276 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 287XL UT WOS:000085532700025 ER PT J AU Chrisey, DB Pique, A Fitz-Gerald, J Auyeung, RCY McGill, RA Wu, HD Duignan, M AF Chrisey, DB Pique, A Fitz-Gerald, J Auyeung, RCY McGill, RA Wu, HD Duignan, M TI New approach to laser direct writing active and passive mesoscopic circuit elements SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium A on Photo-Excited Processes, Diagnostics and Applications of the 1999 E-MRS Spring Conference CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE DE thin films; electronic devices; laser deposition; direct writing; matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation; matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write ID METAL-DEPOSITION; FILMS AB We have combined some of the major positive advantages of laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), to produce a novel excimer laser driven direct writing technique which has demonstrated the deposition in air and at room temperature and with sub-10 mu m resolution of active and passive prototype circuit elements on planar and nonplanar substrates. We have termed this technique MAPLE DW (matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write) and present its historical evolution from pulsed laser deposition. This paper describes the simplistic approach to carry out MAPLE DW, gives experimental conditions, and physical characterization results for the deposition of NiCr thin film resistors, Au conducting lines, and multilayer depositions of Au conductors and BaTiO3 dielectrics to produce prototype capacitors. In general, the electrical properties of the materials deposited (conductivity, dielectric constant, and loss tangent) are comparable or superior to those produced by other commonly used industrial processes such as screen printing. The mechanism of the MAPLE DW process, especially the novel aspects making it a powerful approach for direct writing all classes of materials (metals, oxide ceramics, polymers and composites), is also described. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Plasma Proc Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Potomac Photon, Lanham, MD USA. RP Chrisey, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Plasma Proc Sect, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 154 BP 593 EP 600 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(99)00465-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 297BA UT WOS:000086060500097 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Ivezic, Z Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Kent, S Schneider, DP Kirkpatrick, JD Annis, J Bastian, S Berman, E Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Federwitz, GR Fukugita, M Gurbani, VK Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ichikawa, T Lamb, DQ Lindenmeyer, C Mantsch, PM McKay, TA Munn, JA Nash, T Okamura, S Pauls, AG Pier, JR Rechenmacher, R Rivetta, CH Sergey, G Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tucker, DL York, DG AF Fan, XH Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Ivezic, Z Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Kent, S Schneider, DP Kirkpatrick, JD Annis, J Bastian, S Berman, E Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Federwitz, GR Fukugita, M Gurbani, VK Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ichikawa, T Lamb, DQ Lindenmeyer, C Mantsch, PM McKay, TA Munn, JA Nash, T Okamura, S Pauls, AG Pier, JR Rechenmacher, R Rivetta, CH Sergey, G Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP Tucker, DL York, DG TI L dwarfs found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning imaging data SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; surveys ID BROWN DWARF; STANDARD STARS; SYSTEMS; DENIS AB This paper describes the discovery of seven dwarf objects of spectral type L (objects cooler than the latest M dwarfs) in commissioning imaging data taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Low-resolution spectroscopy shows that they have spectral types from L0 to L8. Comparison of the SDSS and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) photometry for several of these objects indicates the presence of significant opacity at optical wavelengths. This comparison also demonstrates the high astrometric accuracy (better than 1 " for these faint sources) of both surveys. The L dwarfs are shown to occupy a distinctive region of color-color space as measured in the SDSS filters, which should enables their identification in a straightforward way. This should lead eventually to a complete sample of many hundreds of these low-mass objects, or about 1 per 15 deg(2) to i' approximate to 20, in the complete SDSS data set. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 39 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 119 IS 2 BP 928 EP 935 DI 10.1086/301224 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 283KX UT WOS:000085275700040 ER PT J AU Rafferty, TJ Holdenried, ER AF Rafferty, TJ Holdenried, ER TI The US Naval Observatory pole-to-pole catalog: W2(J00) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; astrometry AB Between the veers 1985 and 1996 the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO), using two transit circles, one located in Washington, DC (U.S.A.) and the other in Blenheim, New Zealand, conducted an ambitious program of absolute observations of positions of celestial objects completely covering both hemispheres. Over 737 000 individual observations were made, primarily of the International Reference Stars (IRS) and FK5 stars, as well as all the major planets (except Pluto) and thirteen minor planets. This included some 55 000 observations of day-time objects including the Sun, Mercury, Venus, and Mars. The original objective was to form a traditional, all-sky catalog of absolute star positions which could be firmly linked to the dynamical system. However, with the success of the Hipparcos project and the adoption of the ICRF as the celestial reference frame, the primary focus of the pole-to-pole program changed. The stellar positions have been differentially reduced to the system of Hipparcos and these mere used to tie the planetary observations into the ICRF. Thus the program has resulted in a body of high quality observational data (average standard deviation of a mean position of about 75 mas) that will provide important input for the production of ICRF-based ephemerides. This is particularly true fbr the outer and minor planets. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Rafferty, TJ (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 141 IS 3 BP 423 EP 431 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287VP UT WOS:000085527400005 ER PT J AU Dick, SJ Seidelmann, PK AF Dick, SJ Seidelmann, PK TI The beginning of the next millennium SO ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Dick, SJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-8781 J9 ASTRON GEOPHYS JI Astron. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1 BP 8 EP 8 DI 10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00007-5.x PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 283KW UT WOS:000085275600011 ER PT J AU Bottcher, M Dermer, CD AF Bottcher, M Dermer, CD TI A new approach to statistics of cosmological gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : theory; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; 25 APRIL 1998; BATSE OBSERVATIONS; UNUSUAL SUPERNOVA; TIME DILATION; ERROR BOX; GALAXIES; IDENTIFICATION; LUMINOSITY AB We use a new method of analysis to determine parameters of cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), assuming that their distribution follows the star formation history of the universe. Spectral evolution is calculated from an external shock model for fireball/blast-wave evolution and used to evaluate the measured peak flux, duration, and nu F-nu peak photon energy for a GRB source occurring at a given redshift and with given values of total energy, baryon loading, and environmental parameters. We then fit model distributions of GRB sources to the observed peak flux, duration, and nu F-nu peak photon energy distributions. We find that the observed width of the E-p and duration distributions cannot be explained by cosmological redshift and time dilation effects. Rather, broad distributions of total blast-wave energies and bulk Lorentz factors are necessary to explain the observed distributions simultaneously within the framework of our unifying GRB model. We discuss implications for source parameter distributions and determine a range of burst parameters consistent with the data. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bottcher, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, MS 108,6100 S Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 57 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 529 IS 2 BP 635 EP 643 DI 10.1086/308285 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287UL UT WOS:000085524800002 ER PT J AU Ball, R Parker, EC AF Ball, R Parker, EC TI A trial to determine the risk of decompression sickness after a 40 feet of sea water for 200 minute no-stop air dive SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; risk estimation; probabilistic modeling; clinical trial AB Background: The USN93 probabilistic model of decompression sickness (DCS) predicts a DCS risk of 3.9% after a 40 ft of seawater (fsw) for 200 min no-stop air dive, although little data is available to evaluate the accuracy of this prediction. Based on an analysis of Navy Safety Center data from diving on U.S. Navy standard air decompression tables, the observed incidence of DCS for this type of dive is 0.11%. Knowing the true incidence of the dive is important for deciding whether or not to adopt proposed probability based decompression procedures for U.S. Navy diving. Hypothesis: The risk of DCS after a 40 fsw for 200 min no-stop air dive is 3.9%. Methods: We conducted a closed sequential trial to determine the DCS incidence on this dive. Results: Of 30 military divers who completed 91 dives, there were 2 cases of DCS (2.2%, 95% Cl: 0.27-7.7%). The study was terminated early after the second DCS case because of the presence of neurological symptoms and signs. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the incidence of DCS in a laboratory setting is higher than observed in fleet diving. Use of the 40 fsw for 200 min schedule in a decompression computer is likely to result in DCS incidence 2.5- to 70-fold greater than that observed in U.S. Navy diving using table-based procedures. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Ball, R (reprint author), CBER, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, HFM-220,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 278LU UT WOS:000084991900002 PM 10685581 ER PT J AU Parker, EC Ball, R Tibbles, PM Weathersby, PK AF Parker, EC Ball, R Tibbles, PM Weathersby, PK TI Escape from a disabled submarine: Decompression sickness risk estimation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; submarine escape; probabilistic modeling; decompression illness; risk assessment; survival analysis ID MODELS; OXYGEN AB Individual crewmember escape from a disabled U.S. Navy nuclear submarine has never been necessary, but remains an important contingency. Decompression sickness (DCS) is one of the foreseeable risks and a robust mathematical model of DCS incidence has been used to estimate the magnitude of this risk under a variety of escape scenarios. The model was calibrated with over 3000 well-controlled human pressure exposures, less than 2% of which simulated pressure profiles of submarine escape. For disabled submarine depths <300 ft of sea water (fsw) and internal submarine pressures of <11 fsw (arguably the most likely conditions), the DCS risks are comparable to those routinely undertaken by U.S. Navy divers-less than 5%. For progressively deeper depths and especially for higher submarine internal pressures, the risk of DCS becomes much greater, including unknown chances of permanent injury and death. Variations from the baseline escape procedure are explored, including equipment differences, delays in exiting the submarine and changes in the oxygen content of the breathing mix. C1 USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Parker, EC (reprint author), USN, Med Res Inst, Code 031,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 278LU UT WOS:000084991900003 PM 10685582 ER PT J AU Galbicka, G Kessel, R AF Galbicka, G Kessel, R TI Experimenter momentum and the effect of laws SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material AB Nevin & Grace invoke a behavioral metaphor from the physics of momentum. The idealized assumptions they invoke are argued to translate to behavior only in the limited case of steady-state, constant-probability VI responding. Rather than further refine this limit case, mathematical models should be applied to generalizations of the limit case itself, broadening our understanding of behavioral processes. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Res Lab, Electroopt Technol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Galbicka, G (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 97 EP 98 DI 10.1017/S0140525X00292406 PG 2 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 342MG UT WOS:000088647900047 ER PT J AU Hurley, CK Baxter-Lowe, LA Begovich, AB Fernandez-Vina, M Noreen, H Schmeckpeper, B Awdeh, Z Chopek, M Salazar, M Williams, TM Yunis, EJ Kitajima, D Shipp, K Splett, J Winden, T Kollman, C Johnson, D Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hegland, J AF Hurley, CK Baxter-Lowe, LA Begovich, AB Fernandez-Vina, M Noreen, H Schmeckpeper, B Awdeh, Z Chopek, M Salazar, M Williams, TM Yunis, EJ Kitajima, D Shipp, K Splett, J Winden, T Kollman, C Johnson, D Ng, J Hartzman, RJ Hegland, J TI The extent of HLA class II allele level disparity in unrelated bone marrow transplantation: analysis of 1259 National Marrow Donor Program donor-recipient pairs SO BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE bone marrow transplantation; HLA matching ID CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; VERSUS-HOST DISEASE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; IDENTICAL SIBLINGS; IMPACT; MLC; INCOMPATIBILITY; POLYMORPHISM; NOMENCLATURE; FREQUENCIES AB A comprehensive analysis of the HLA-D region loci, DRB1, DRB3, DRB5, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1, was performed to determine allelic diversity and underlying HLA disparity in 1259 bone marrow recipients and their unrelated donors transplanted through the National Marrow Donor Program. Although 43.0% of DRB1 alleles known to exist at the beginning of the study were found in this predominantly Caucasian transplant population, a few alleles predominated at each locus. In recipients, 67.1% of DRB1 alleles identified were one or two of six common DRB1 alleles, Only 118 (9.4%) donor-recipient pairs were matched for all alleles of DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1 and DPB1, While 79.4% of the pairs were matched for DRB1, only 13.2% were matched for DPB1 alleles, Almost 66% of pairs differed by more than one allele mismatch and 59.0% differed at more than one HLA-D locus. DQB1 was matched in 85.9% of DRB1-matched pairs. In contrast, only 13.9% of the pairs matched for DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 were also matched for DPA1 and DPB1, This database, highlighting the underlying HLA disparity within the pairs, forms the foundation of an ongoing study to establish the relationship between HLA matching and successful outcome in unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplant. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ S Carolina, Ctr Canc Treatment & Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Alameda, CA USA. Amer Red Cross, Baltimore, MD USA. Fairview Univ, Med Ctr, Immunol Histocompatibil Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Immunogenet Labs, Baltimore, MD USA. CBR Labs Inc, Boston, MA USA. Amer Red Cross, Dedham, MA USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. Pacific Irwin Ctr, Ctr Blood, San Francisco, CA USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Hurley, CK (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, E404 Res Bldg,3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0268-3369 J9 BONE MARROW TRANSPL JI Bone Marrow Transplant. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702161 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Biophysics; Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 287VT UT WOS:000085527700007 PM 10723581 ER PT J AU Kim, OK Lee, KS Woo, HY Kim, KS He, GS Swiatkiewicz, J Prasad, PN AF Kim, OK Lee, KS Woo, HY Kim, KS He, GS Swiatkiewicz, J Prasad, PN TI New class of two-photon-absorbing chromophores based on dithienothiophene SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; MICROSCOPY; MOLECULES; DESIGN; DYES AB Novel two-photon absorption (TPA) chromophores are synthesized; they have dithienothiophene (DTT) as a pi-center which is attached by electron donor (D) or electron acceptor (A) at each end through a pi-conjugation. Their TPA cross section, measured using nanosecond- as well as femtosecond-pulsed laser, exhibits one of the largest values known so far. This is attributable mainly to the unique electronic properties of DTT. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Pediat, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Kim, OK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 318 Z9 331 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 284 EP + DI 10.1021/cm990662r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 287JN UT WOS:000085502900008 ER PT J AU Waecker, NJ Stefanova, R Cave, MD Davis, CE Dankner, WM AF Waecker, NJ Stefanova, R Cave, MD Davis, CE Dankner, WM TI Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin to children receiving cancer therapy and to their health care providers SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 18-20, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID BCG; TUBERCULOSIS; MENINGITIS; INFECTION; ABSCESS AB A previous report of nosocomial infection due to Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) implicated contamination of chemotherapy solutions reconstituted under the same biosafety hood as BCG vaccine used for bladder cancer therapy. We report 3 similar BCG infections in children and describe evidence of respiratory transmission to health care workers (HCWs) from 1 patient. These children were receiving chemotherapy for leukemia when they presented with active tuberculosis. Each isolate was identified biochemically and by both gas-liquid chromatography and major polymorphic tandem repeat-polymerase chain reaction. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that 2 isolates were identical strains and identical to the Tice and Connaught strains licensed in the United States for bladder chemotherapy The third isolate differed by a single fragment after DraI restriction. One patient with heavily positive sputum exposed numerous HCWs. Of 41 HCWs, 2 (5%) converted their purified protein derivatives (PPD) skin test. These data underscore the risk of nosocomial BCG transmission by contamination of chemotherapy solutions and demonstrate the potential for transmission to HCWs from patients with active pulmonary disease. C1 USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Waecker, NJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Med, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 30 IS 2 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1086/313652 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 293JX UT WOS:000085849400023 PM 10671341 ER PT J AU Hoover, TJ Siefert, JA AF Hoover, TJ Siefert, JA TI Soft tissue complications of orthopedic emergencies SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY; EXERTIONAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROMES; LOWER-EXTREMITY TRAUMA; GAS-GANGRENE; INTRAMUSCULAR PRESSURE; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; SERIOUS COMPLICATION; LOWER LEG AB The emergency physician encounters a diversity of potentially devastating and disabling soft tissue maladies. This article reviews the literature and approach to the compartment syndrome and Volkmann contracture, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia, fracture blisters, and gas gangrene. C1 USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Siefert, JA (reprint author), USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 158 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70110-3 PG 26 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 282XJ UT WOS:000085246800006 PM 10678162 ER PT J AU Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM AF Mushrush, GW Beal, EJ Hardy, DR Hughes, JM TI Use of surplus napalm as an energy source SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE energy; fuel stability; middle distillate fuel; napalm; storage stability AB The current military surplus of napalm should be viewed as an energy source rather than as hazardous waste. The energy content of this resource is too valuable to waste. There are at present significant problems to be overcome both scientifically and politically before this material can be used as an energy source. Scientific problems include solubility in a proper fuel matrix, methods to ensure complete combustion, and safety in transportation and handling. In this paper, we present our data on gasoline and benzene extraction from napalm, napalm fuel matrix solubilities, burner characteristics of these napalm fuel mixtures, and the accelerated storage stability studies of these mixtures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Fuels Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Mushrush, GW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Navy Technol Ctr Safety & Survivabil, Fuels Sect, Code 6121,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD FEB-MAR PY 2000 VL 22 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 287DD UT WOS:000085489000006 ER PT J AU Devereaux, CE Savides, TJ AF Devereaux, CE Savides, TJ TI EUS appearance of esophageal pseudodiverticulosis SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Article ID INTRAMURAL PSEUDODIVERTICULOSIS C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Devereaux, CE (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Invest, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 51 IS 2 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0016-5107(00)70428-7 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 284AU UT WOS:000085309200030 PM 10650278 ER PT J AU Guzdar, PN Gondarenko, NA Papadopoulos, K Milikh, GM Sharma, AS Rodriguez, P Tokarev, YV Belov, YI Ossakow, SL AF Guzdar, PN Gondarenko, NA Papadopoulos, K Milikh, GM Sharma, AS Rodriguez, P Tokarev, YV Belov, YI Ossakow, SL TI Diffraction model of ionospheric irregularity-induced heater-wave pattern detected on the WIND satellite SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-FOCUSING INSTABILITY; PLASMAS AB High frequency (HF) radiation from the HAARP and SURA ionospheric heaters transmitted through the underdense ionosphere and received by the WIND satellite show the presence of strong spatial structure in the radiation pattern. A simple model based on the combination of ionospheric irregularities and interference effects has been developed to account for the observations. The analysis demonstrates the utility of satellite receptions as probes of ionospheric irregularities created or enhanced by powerful HF radio waves. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Div Informat Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Radiophys Res Inst, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Guzdar, PN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1029/1999GL003675 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 282EY UT WOS:000085204900006 ER PT J AU Siskind, DE Nedoluha, GE Randall, CE Fromm, M Russell, JM AF Siskind, DE Nedoluha, GE Randall, CE Fromm, M Russell, JM TI An assessment of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric NOx enhancements due to transport from the upper atmosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; VORTEX; OZONE AB Data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) are used to evaluate the contribution of upper atmospheric NOx to the stratospheric polar vortex. Using CH4 and potential vorticity as tracers, an isolated region of enhanced NOx is shown to occur in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar vortex almost every spring from 1991-1996. The magnitude of this enhancement varies according to the A(p) auroral activity index. Up to half of the NOx in the mid-stratospheric SH polar vortex may be due to particle precipitation. The peak enhancement occurred in 1991 with a magnitude of 3-5% of the NOy source due to N2O oxidation. C1 USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Siskind, DE (reprint author), USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Code 7641, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 13 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1029/1999GL010940 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 282EY UT WOS:000085204900009 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL D'Andrea, JA Jauchem, JR Mason, PA AF Ryan, KL D'Andrea, JA Jauchem, JR Mason, PA TI Radio frequency radiation of millimeter wave length: Potential occupational safety issues relating to surface heating SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE cancer; radiation, nonionizing; occupational safety; radiofrequency ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; MHZ RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; INDUCED SKIN-CANCER; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; BURN SCAR; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; HYPERTROPHIC SCARS; MARJOLINS ULCER AB Currently, technology is being developed that makes use of the millimeter wave (MMW) range (30-300 GHz) of the radio frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum. As more add more systems come on line and are used in everyday applications, the possibility of inadvertent exposure of personnel to MMWs increases. To date, there has been no published discussion regarding the health effects of MMWs; this review attempts to fin that void. Because of the shallow depth of penetration, the energy and, therefore, heat associated with MMWs will be deposited within the first 1-2 mm of human skin. MMWs have been used in states of the former Soviet Union to provide therapeutic benefit in a number of diverse disease states, including skin disorders, gastric ulcers, heart disease and cancer. Conversely, the possibility exists that hazards might be associated with accidental overexposure to MMWs, This review attempts to critically analyze the likelihood of such acute effects as burn and eye damage, as well as potential long-term effects, including cancer. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridan Engn Inc, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 133 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 78 IS 2 BP 170 EP 181 DI 10.1097/00004032-200002000-00006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 275WK UT WOS:000084843000005 PM 10647983 ER PT J AU Malesich, M AF Malesich, M TI Software architecture requirements for DoD automatic test systems SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The DoD has achieved success with recent Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) families, as evidenced by the Navy's Consolidated Automated Support System (CASS) and the Army's Integrated Family of Test Equipment (IFTE) programs. However, as these systems age, the increased requirements for technology insertion due to instrument obsolescence and the demands of advanced electronics are becoming evident. Recent advances in test technology promise to yield reduced Total Ownership Costs (TOC) for ATE which can incorporate: the new technology. The DoD Automatic Test System (ATS) Executive Agent Office (EAO) objective is to significantly reduce total ownership cost. Several objectives have been identified including use of synthetic instruments, support for legacy Test Product Sets (TPSs), and more efficient ways of developing TPSs. The NxTest software architecture will meet the objectives by providing an open systems approach to the system software. This will allow for the incorporation of commercial applications in the TPS development and execution environments and support current advances in test technology. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. RP Malesich, M (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Code 4-8-2-2B551-1,Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 15 IS 2 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1109/62.825669 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 291YX UT WOS:000085768300006 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Magnetoelectronic memories last and last ... SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 2 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1109/6.819927 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 281EM UT WOS:000085145000012 ER PT J AU Yuan, YX Carter, GC Salt, JE AF Yuan, YX Carter, GC Salt, JE TI Near- optimal range and depth estimation using a vertical array in a correlated multipath environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE multipath channels; underwater acoustic arrays ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; LOCATION AB This paper proposes a near-optimal procedure to localize a single stationary source in a two-path underwater acoustic environment. The investigation is for an M-element vertical array with omnidirectional sensors. The range and depth estimators are developed using a linear least-squares technique when a set of auto- and cross-correlators is used for time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimates. A weighting matrix is derived to achieve the approximate maximum likelihood (ML) performance of the weighted least-squares range and depth estimators. The expressions for error variances and covariances of the range and depth estimates are derived with a small error analysis technique. It is verified analytically that the error covariance matrix of the weighted least-squares solutions reaches the Cramer-Rao lower bound in the small error region. The correlation of the range and depth estimation errors is investigated. Results show that the range and depth estimation errors are highly correlated in a multipath environment. The accuracy properties of the proposed multipath localization procedure are analyzed using different array configurations. The results show that the performances of the range and depth estimators are significantly improved if the linear-dependent TDOA estimates are included for localizing and that the unweighted range and depth estimators, using the entire set of TDOA's, are approximately optimal for most of the applications. The theoretical development of error variance and covariance expressions of the range and depth estimates, which incorporates the correlation in the TDOA estimates, is corroborated with Monte Carlo simulations. C1 Lucent Technol, Allentown, PA 18103 USA. USN, Submarine Sonar Dept, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Elect Engn, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. RP Yuan, YX (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Allentown, PA 18103 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 48 IS 2 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1109/78.823960 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 283HQ UT WOS:000085270700003 ER PT J AU Lawless, WF Castelao, T Ballas, J AF Lawless, WF Castelao, T Ballas, J TI Virtual knowledge: Bistable reality and the solution of ill-defined problems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE air combat; convergence; cooperation-competition; interaction uncertainty; interdependence; majority rule or consensus decision-making; nuclear waste management; social statics ID BEHAVIOR AB Dynamic behavior is enacted from static observations, but as experience is reconstructed sith concepts, mutual exclusivity replaces correspondence bets een the factors of action and observation. This bistable reality generates incommensurable world views between groups which constrain measurement and give rise to a tension that enables change but also misleading accounts as if behavior were in response to a virtual knowledge. In the form of independent scientific peer reviews at a Department of Energy site, tension was applied to improve practices of science in the field. Implications for a physics of interaction are addressed. C1 Paine Coll, Augusta, GA 30901 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Philosophy, Grand Rapids, MI 49504 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lawless, WF (reprint author), Paine Coll, Augusta, GA 30901 USA. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1094-6977 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1109/5326.827482 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 299HE UT WOS:000086192300012 ER PT J AU Thompson-Bowers, JE Holmes, K Judd, SE Tasker, SA AF Thompson-Bowers, JE Holmes, K Judd, SE Tasker, SA TI Improving handwashing compliance by creating competition between surgical teams. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 21 IS 2 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 285XM UT WOS:000085413700136 ER PT J AU Pecora, L Carroll, T Johnson, G Mar, D Fink, KS AF Pecora, L Carroll, T Johnson, G Mar, D Fink, KS TI Synchronization stability in coupled oscillator arrays: Solution for arbitrary configurations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Review ID CHAOTIC SYSTEMS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; BIFURCATIONS; ORBITS; MAPS AB The stability of the state of motion in which a collection of coupled oscillators are in identical synchrony is often a primary and crucial issue. When synchronization stability is needed for many different configurations of the oscillators the problem can become computationally intense. In addition, there is often no general guidance on how to change a configuration to enhance or diminsh stability, depending on the requirements. We have recently introduced a concept called the Master Stability Function that is designed to accomplish two goals: (1) decrease the numerical load in calculating synchronization stability and (2) provide guidance in designing coupling configurations that conform to the stability required. In doing this, we develop a very general formulation of the identical synchronization problem, show that asymptotic results can be derived for very general cases, and demonstrate that simple oscillator configurations can probe the Master Stability Function. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Biodynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Pecora, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6343, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Carroll, Thomas/0000-0002-2371-2049 NR 47 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD FEB PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 273 EP 290 DI 10.1142/S0218127400000189 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 305ZE UT WOS:000086571000001 ER PT J AU Gopinath, A Harder, DR AF Gopinath, A Harder, DR TI An experimental study of heat transfer from a cylinder in low-amplitude zero-mean oscillatory flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; THERMOACOUSTIC REFRIGERATOR; ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT; STEADY VELOCITY; MASS-TRANSFER; PERFORMANCE; DIFFUSION; ENGINE; CHANNEL; NUMBERS AB This is the report of an experimental study on the convective heat transfer behavior from a cylinder in an intense acoustic field which is representative of a strong zero-mean oscillatory flow. The measurements are based on a steady state technique in which, at equilibrium, a predetermined rate of heat dissipation in the cylinder is balanced by the convective cooling action of the acoustic field. Only low-amplitude cases have been treated for which the particle displacement amplitude in the oscillatory flow is small on the scale of the cylinder diameter. Two distinct flow regimes have been identified. The first regime, consistent with theory, is the laminar attached flow regime which shows the expected square root dependence of the Nusselt number, Nu, on the appropriate Reynolds number, which in this case is the streaming Reynolds number, R-s. The Second regime, which is less well understood, is predicted to be an unstable regime in which vortex shedding is prevalent, contributing to higher heat transfer rates. Suitable correlations have been provided for both regimes for the case of air, and suggestions have been included to extend them to other Prandtl number gases for which they are likely to be used. This work could find application in the design of heat exchangers for thermoacoustic engines. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Code ME-Gk, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM gopinath@nps.navy.mil NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 505 EP 520 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00138-6 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 259PB UT WOS:000083901300002 ER PT J AU Tirosh, J Rubinski, L Shirizly, A Harvey, DP AF Tirosh, J Rubinski, L Shirizly, A Harvey, DP TI Damage evolution in creep bulging of thin sheet metal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sheet metal; elliptical cavity; contraction; evolution; rotation AB The creeping motion of thin sheet metal, damaged by artificial cavities is observed in bulging tests and simulated 'semi'-analytically. The sheet metal satisfies Norton's Law for secondary creep and is subjected to a bi-directional stretch. The stretch is produced by creep bulging through elliptical dies with the virtue of sustaining nearly uniform background stress ratio for each aspect ratio of the die axes. In order to reach large deformations with significant shape evolution of the cavities, the tests were conducted at superplastic conditions. The sheet is double layered (only one layer is cavitated) made of Tin-Lead (50-50 Pb-Sn). The measured damage growth is compared to an approximate simulation. The simulation of the damage evolution, throughout its time history, makes repeated use of a so-called "Green-function solution" for the motion of a single isolated cavity in an infinite viscoplastic continuum. The solution is modified from Muskhelishvili's elastic solution by replacing the elastic shear modulus by a "viscous-like" variable ("plastic shear modulus") which depends (non-linearly) on the evolved average strain-rate. Similarly, the stresses in the ligaments between cavities were averaged to approximate the local stress concentrations. Due emphasis is given to the rotation of each elliptical cavity, beside its expansion (contraction) and elongation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USN, Res Lab, Mech Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tirosh, J (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 42 IS 2 BP 163 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0020-7403(98)00124-6 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 237YZ UT WOS:000082685300002 ER PT J AU Rowe, NC Alexander, RS AF Rowe, NC Alexander, RS TI Finding optimal-path maps for path planning across weighted regions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paths; planning; optimality; weighted regions; maps; Snell's law ID SHORTEST PATHS AB Optimal-path maps tell robots or people the best way to reach a goal point from anywhere in a known terrain area, eliminating most of the need to plan during travel. The authors address the construction of optimal-path maps for two-dimensional polygonal weighted-region terrain, terrain partitioned into polygonal areas such that the cost per unit of distance traveled is homogeneous and isotropic within each area. This is useful for overland route planning across varied ground surfaces and vegetation. The authors propose a new algorithm that recursively partitions terrain into regions of similar optimal-path behavior and defines corresponding "path subspaces" for these regions. This process constructs a piecewise-smooth function of terrain position whose gradient direction is everywhere the optimal-path direction, permitting quick path finding. The algorithm used is more complicated than the current path-caching and wavefront-propagation algorithms, but it gives more accurate maps requiring less space to represent. Experiments with an implementation confirm the practicality of the authors' algorithm. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Rowe, NC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Code CS-Rp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0278-3649 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1177/02783640022066761 PG 13 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 279RA UT WOS:000085057900001 ER PT J AU Asrani, S Freedman, S Hasselblad, V Buckley, EG Egbert, J Dahan, E Gimbel, H Johnson, D McClatchey, S Parks, M Plager, D Maselli, E AF Asrani, S Freedman, S Hasselblad, V Buckley, EG Egbert, J Dahan, E Gimbel, H Johnson, D McClatchey, S Parks, M Plager, D Maselli, E TI Does primary intraocular lens implantation prevent "aphakic" glaucoma in children? SO JOURNAL OF AAPOS LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL CATARACT-SURGERY; INFANTILE CATARACTS; COMPLICATIONS; MANAGEMENT; EXTRACTION; CAPSULORHEXIS; VITRECTOMY; ANTERIOR; GROWTH AB Purpose: Open-angle glaucoma may develop after surgery for congenital or developmental cataract with an incidence ranging from 3% to 41%. The pathogenesis of "aphakic" (open-angle) glaucoma remains unknown. Despite numerous reported clinical series (>1000 eyes), we are unaware of any reported case of open-angle glaucoma after primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for congenital or developmental cataract. We decided to test the hypothesis that primary posterior chamber IOL implantation might decrease the incidence of open-angle glaucoma in children, Methods: Pseudophakic eyes were collected from surgeons who contributed data to a refractive study and who monitored intraocular pressure on a regular basis. IOL implantation was commonly performed in eyes with a corneal diameter >10 mm. Comparable primary data on aphakic eyes were included from 2 published studies on aphakic glaucoma, which included corneal diameters and the patient's age at surgery. Glaucoma-free survival estimates for each cohort were estimated. Results: Only 1 case of glaucoma was found among 377 eyes with primary pseudophakia (mean age of patient, 5.1 +/- 4.7 years; mean follow-up, 3.9 +/- 2.7 years). There were 14 eyes (11.3%) with glaucoma among 124 aphakic eyes (mean age of patient, 2.7 +/- 2.6 years; mean follow-up time, 7.2 +/- 3.9 years). Conclusions: We report a decreased incidence of open-angle glaucoma among eyes rendered primarily pseudophakic compared with those that remained aphakic after cataract surgery. We propose 2 theories on the possible mechanism of reduction in the incidence of glaucoma in pseudophakic eyes. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Clin Res Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Freedman, S (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Eye, Box 3802, Durham, NC 27710 USA. OI Freedman, Sharon/0000-0003-3615-3511 NR 41 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1091-8531 J9 J AAPOS JI J. AAPOS PD FEB PY 2000 VL 4 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S1091-8531(00)90009-0 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics SC Ophthalmology; Pediatrics GA 286PW UT WOS:000085455200006 PM 10675869 ER PT J AU Tag, PM Bankert, RL Brody, LR AF Tag, PM Bankert, RL Brody, LR TI An AVHRR multiple cloud-type classification package SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-NETWORK; SATELLITE IMAGERY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; OCEAN; REGIONS; SURFACE AB Using imagery from NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) orbiting sensor, one of the authors (RLB) earlier developed a probabilistic neural network cloud classifier valid over the world's maritime regions. Since then, the authors have created a database of nearly 8000 16 x 16 pixel cloud samples (from 13 Northern Hemispheric land regions) independently classified by three experts. From these samples, 1605 were of sufficient quality to represent 11 conventional cloud types (including clear). This database serves as the training and testing samples for developing a classifier valid over land. Approximately 200 features, calculated from a visible and an infrared channel: form the basis for the computer vision analysis. Using a 1-nearest neighbor classifier, meshed with a feature selection method using backward sequential selection, the authors select the fewest features that maximize classification accuracy. In a leave-one-out test, overall classification accuracies range from 86% to 78% for the water and land classifiers, with accuracies at 88% or greater far general height-dependent groupings. Details of the databases, feature selection method, and classifiers, as well as example simulations, are presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tag, PM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Dept Navy, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 39 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0125:AAMCTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302CX UT WOS:000086348700001 ER PT J AU Lehmberg, RH Rothenberg, JE AF Lehmberg, RH Rothenberg, JE TI Comparison of optical beam smoothing techniques for inertial confinement fusion and improvement of smoothing by the use of zero-correlation masks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; NIKE KRF LASER; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; PROFILES; ILLUMINATION; UNIFORMITY; SYSTEM; LIGHT AB We present analytic theory and numerical simulations comparing the optical beam smoothing capabilities of the smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) technique using random temporal phase modulation, with that of the induced spatial incoherence technique. The analytic theory provides a simple formula for the SSD mode spectrum in the usual case where the phase mask at the focusing lens is random, and its asymptotic limit quantitatively relates the long wavelength mode smoothing to the width of the angular dispersion. With parameters and phase aberration relevant to the National Ignition Facility beams, the SSD simulations show that the large long wavelength components, which are also found in earlier simulations, can be significantly reduced by replacing the independent random phase masks in each pair of adjacent beams by a conjugate pair of zero-correlation masks. These simulations suggest that one can combine zero-correlation masks with random temporal phase modulation and multiple color cycles to achieve SSD smoothing approaching the optical bandwidth limit at all spatial frequencies, without using large angular dispersions. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)02103-4]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lehmberg, RH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 3 BP 1012 EP 1022 DI 10.1063/1.371973 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 275LV UT WOS:000084822400003 ER PT J AU Zhao, PJ Cui, HL Woolard, D Jensen, KL Buot, FA AF Zhao, PJ Cui, HL Woolard, D Jensen, KL Buot, FA TI Simulation of resonant tunneling structures: Origin of the I-V hysteresis and plateau-like structure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC BISTABILITY; OSCILLATIONS AB Hysteresis and plateau-like behavior of the I-V curves of a double-barrier resonant tunneling structure are simulated in the negative differential resistance region. Our simulation results show that the creation of an emitter quantum well after the current passes its maximum value is the key point in understanding the origin of the I-V plateau-like structure. It is demonstrated that the plateau-like behavior of the I-V curves is produced by the coupling between the energy level in the emitter quantum well and that in the main quantum well. The hysteresis is a manifestation of the above-mentioned energy level coupling, the accumulation and distribution of electrons in the emitter, and the coupling between the energy level in the quantum well and the conduction band edge or the three-dimensional continuum states in the emitter. The effects of the structural parameters on the bistability of the I-V curves of resonant tunneling devices are discussed. The creation and disappearance mechanism of the emitter quantum well is presented. The effects of device temperature on the hysteresis and plateau-like behavior of the I-V curves are obtained. These results provide the physical basis for utilizing the plateau-like structure of I-V curves in designing resonant tunneling devices. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)02302-1]. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhao, PJ (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RI Jensen, Kevin/I-1269-2015 OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 13 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 3 BP 1337 EP 1349 DI 10.1063/1.372019 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 275LV UT WOS:000084822400050 ER PT J AU Chien, CH Blaisten-Barojas, E Pederson, MR AF Chien, CH Blaisten-Barojas, E Pederson, MR TI Many-body potential and structure for rhodium clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES CLUSTERS; TRANSITION-METALS; MAGNETISM; BINDING; DEPENDENCE; SURFACES; ATOMS; CO AB The many-body potential for ferromagnetic and paramagnetic rhodium clusters proposed in this work has 11 parameters (14 for the paramagnetic case) that are fitted on the energy surface of Rh-2 through Rh-6 clusters calculated from first principles within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of density functional theory. Under this potential the most stable ferromagnetic and paramagnetic cluster structures are generated up to Rh-58. Additionally, the growth under several symmetries is pursued up to N=400. The face-centered-cubic (fcc) growth path is the most stable at that cluster size regime. An effective measure of the cluster stiffness is calculated as a function of cluster size displaying a monotone increase towards the bulk value. The melting temperature is about constant up to clusters with 45 atoms, presenting a sharp increase towards the bulk value at larger sizes. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)30805-4]. C1 George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chien, CH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Blaisten-Barojas, Estela/B-9520-2009 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2301 EP 2307 DI 10.1063/1.480794 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 277NR UT WOS:000084940100029 ER PT J AU Froimowitz, M Wu, KM Rodrigo, J George, C AF Froimowitz, M Wu, KM Rodrigo, J George, C TI Conformational preferences of the potent dopamine reuptake blocker BTCP and its analogs and their incorporation into a pharmacophore model SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MOLECULAR DESIGN LA English DT Article DE ab inito; BTCP; cocaine; conformation; crystallography; dopamine; MM3-92; PCP; pharmacophore; reuptake blockers ID MONOAMINE TRANSPORTERS; PHENCYCLIDINE-BINDING; RAT-BRAIN; COCAINE; INHIBITION; RECEPTOR; PCP; METHYLPHENIDATE; ANTIDEPRESSANT; TEMPERATURE AB Molecular mechanics calculations using MM3-92 and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations using SPARTAN 5.0 were performed on the structurally similar PCP and BTCP, in which only the latter has a cocaine-like pharmacological profile as a dopamine reuptake blocker. Calculations were also performed on BTCP analogs with a methyl group in various positions of the cyclohexane ring. The results for the cis-2-methyl compound, which retains good pharmacological activity, allowed us to determine that an aryl-axial conformer is the biologically active form for at least some of the compounds in this series. However, an aryl-equatorial conformer presents the identical pharmacophore, as shown by superposition of the two conformers. X-ray crystallographic structures were also obtained for BTCP and related compounds with a 2-methyl group on the cyclohexane ring, with reasonable agreement between the computational and experimental results. Superposition studies were performed with two rigid analogs of cocaine which illustrate the optimal orientations of the ammonium hydrogen for monoamine transporters. There is excellent agreement between a 'back-bridged' cocaine analog that is optimal as a dopamine reuptake blocker and the previously proposed biologically active conformer of methylphenidate. However, BTCP is found to be a better fit to the 'front-bridged' cocaine analog that is optimal for a serotonin reuptake blocker. C1 PharmEco Labs, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Froimowitz, M (reprint author), PharmEco Labs, 128 Spring St, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 09045, N01DA-7-8083] NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-654X J9 J COMPUT AID MOL DES JI J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1023/A:1008144707255 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Computer Science GA 279EG UT WOS:000085031000002 PM 10721502 ER PT J AU Moss, HD Hellstein, JW Johnson, JD AF Moss, HD Hellstein, JW Johnson, JD TI Endodontic considerations of the nasopalatine duct region SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article AB Although rare, anomalies of the nasopalatine region have been reported in the literature mimicking pathoses of endodontic origin. The purpose of this article is to present a case of a patent nasopalatine duct that was originally diagnosed as a sinus tract and referred for endodontic therapy. A review of the anatomy of the nasopalatine region is also discussed. C1 USN, Sch Dent, Dent Ctr, Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Sch Dent, Dent Ctr, Adv Specialty Educ Program Endodont, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Johnson, JD (reprint author), USN, Sch Dent, Dent Ctr, Endodont Dept, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1097/00004770-200002000-00012 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 279EV UT WOS:000085032200012 PM 11194372 ER PT J AU Ho, Y Jackson, M Yang, Y Mueller, JG Pritchard, PH AF Ho, Y Jackson, M Yang, Y Mueller, JG Pritchard, PH TI Characterization of fluoranthene- and pyrene-degrading bacteria isolated from PAH-contaminated soils and sediments SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; cometabolism; fluoranthene; pyrene; Sphingomonas; Mycobacterium ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MYCOBACTERIUM SP; PSEUDOMONAS-PAUCIMOBILIS; DEEP-SUBSURFACE; GEN-NOV; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; SPHINGOMONAS; STRAIN; BENZOPYRENE AB Sixteen environmental samples, from the United States, Germany and Norway, with histories of previous exposure to either creosote, diesel fuel or coal tar materials, were screened for bacteria which could degrade high molecular weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A modified version of the spray plate technique was used for the isolations. Using fluoranthene (FLA) and pyrene (PYR) as model HMW PAHs, we isolated 28 strains on FLA and 21 strains on PYR. FLA degraders were defined as able to grow on FLA but not PYR. PYR degraders grew on both PAHs. All PYR degraders were found to be Gram-positive and all FLA degraders were Gram-negative. GC-FAME analysis showed that many of the PYR degraders were Mycobacterium spp and many of the FLA degraders were Sphingomonas spp. Comparison of the metabolic characteristics of the strains using the spray plate technique and direct growth studies revealed that more than half of the FLA degraders (59%) were able to cometabolize PYR (ie, they produced clearing zones or colored metabolites on spray plates but did not grow on the PAH) and the ability of many of these strains to cometabolize fluorene, anthracene, benzo[b]fluorene, benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene was significantly affected by pre-exposure to phenanthrene. Studies on the metabolic products produced from PYR cometabolism by strain EPA 505 suggested the possibility of attack at two different sites on the PYR molecule. However, the inability to derive degradable carbon from initial opening of one of the PYR rings probably accounted for the lack of growth on this PAH by the FLA-degrading strains. The PYR degraders on the other hand, were less able to cometabolize HMW PAHs, even following pre-exposure to PHE. Characterization of the FLA degradation pathway for several of the Sphingomonas isolates indicated oxidation and ring opening through to acenaphthenone as the principle metabolite. Strain CO6, however, also oxidized FLA through fluorenone, suggesting a dual attack on the FLA molecule, similar to that observed by others in Mycobacterium spp. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Pall Membrane Technol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. Dames & Moore, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. RP Pritchard, PH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, CODE 6115,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM hap@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 46 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 EI 1476-5535 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 100 EP 112 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900774 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 311BK UT WOS:000086864400004 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, M Lubitz, P Cheng, SF AF Rubinstein, M Lubitz, P Cheng, SF TI Comparison of parallel and perpendicular ferromagnetic resonance in an exchange-biased bilayer SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic resonance; exchange bias; field shift; bilayers AB We have investigated the ferromagnetic resonance spectra of an exchange-biased Ni80Fe20/CoO bilayer between room temperature and 4 K. Primary attention has been paid to the effect of the antiferromagnetic CoO film on the temperature-dependent resonance held shift of the ferromagnetic Ni80Fe20 him with respect to that of an unbiased film. At low temperatures, the held shift with the magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane was determined to be more than twice the magnitude of the parallel field shift, and of the same sign, while an unoxidized single ferromagnetic film has much smaller parallel and perpendicular low-temperature shifts (here defined with respect to room temperature) of opposite sign. This observation implies that the anisotropy axis can rotate with the applied field, provided that the primary cause of the anisotropy is the interaction between the adjacent ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic films. Since the perpendicular shift is more than a factor of two larger than the parallel field shift, the rotatable anisotropy is, in fact, anisotropic in this bilayer. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rubinstein, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6340, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 210 IS 1-3 BP 329 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00629-0 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 281PR UT WOS:000085170300042 ER PT J AU Asif, SAS Wahl, KJ Colton, RJ AF Asif, SAS Wahl, KJ Colton, RJ TI The influence of oxide and adsorbates on the nanomechanical response of silicon surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; NANOINDENTATION; CONDENSATION; INDENTATION; WATER AB In this article we report the influence of surface oxides and relative humidity on the nanomechanical response of hydrophobic and hydrophilic Si surfaces. Depth-sensing nanoindentation combined with force modulation enabled measurement of surface forces, surface energy, and interaction stiffness prior to contact. Several regimes of contact were investigated: pre-contact, apparent contact, elastic contact, and elasto-plastic contact. Both humidity and surface preparation influenced the surface mechanical properties in the pre- and apparent-contact regimes. Meniscus formation was observed for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces at high humidity. Influence of humidity was much less pronounced on hydrophobic surfaces and was fully reversible. In the elastic and elasto-plastic regimes, the mechanical response was dependent on oxide layer thickness. Irreversibility at small loads (300 nN) was due to the deformation of the surface oxide. Above 1 mu N, the deformation was elastic until the mean contact pressure reached 11 GPa, whereby Si underwent a pressure-induced phase transformation resulting in oxide layer pop-in and breakthrough. The critical load required for pop-in was dependent on oxide thickness and tip radius. For thicker oxide layers, substrate influence was reduced and plastic deformation occurred within the oxide film itself without pop-in. Elastic modulus and hardness of both the oxide layer and Si substrate were measured quantitatively for depths <5 nm. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Asif, SAS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 15 IS 2 BP 546 EP 553 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 282TQ UT WOS:000085235300040 ER PT J AU Gaber, BP Goodsell, DS AF Gaber, BP Goodsell, DS TI The art of molecular graphics - Escape from Flatland SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article C1 USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20374 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gaber, BP (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20374 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 337XF UT WOS:000088387900010 PM 10935209 ER PT J AU McKeown, DA Muller, IS Buechele, AC Pegg, IL Kendziora, CA AF McKeown, DA Muller, IS Buechele, AC Pegg, IL Kendziora, CA TI Structural characterization of-high-zirconia borosilicate glasses using Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA AB Polarized Raman spectra were obtained for a collection of borosilicate glasses that have been developed as candidate compositions for the immobilization of wastes generated from the reprocessing of Zircaloy-clad spent nuclear fuel. Raman spectra were obtained for borosilicate glasses with zirconia compositions as high as 21 wt%, as well as for crystalline ZrO2 (baddeleyite) and crystalline ZrSiO4 (zircon). As zirconia content in the glass is increased, two trends in the spectra indicate that the partially polymerized silicate tetrahedral network becomes more depolymerized: one, the polarized mid frequency envelope near 450 cm(-1), assigned to Si-O-Si symmetrical bend modes, decreases in area; and two. the higher frequency band assigned to Si-O stretch in Q(2) units (silicate chains) increases in area, while band areas decrease for modes assigned to Si-O stretch in more polymerized Q(3) and Q(4) units (silicate sheets and cages). These trends take place whether the glass composition is relatively simple or considerably more complex. As zirconia concentrations in the glass increase beyond 15 wt%, a series of sharp lines are observed in the spectra from baddeleyite crystals. and to a minor extent Zn-Cr spinel phases, superimposed on broad features from the glass matrix. A low intensity, broad band near 1400 cm(-1) in the glass spectra is probably due to B-O stretch modes within BO3 units. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN, Res Lab, Condensed Matter Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, 620 Michigan Ave,NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM davidm@rsrch.vsl.cua.edu NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD FEB PY 2000 VL 262 IS 1-3 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00691-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 284BX UT WOS:000085311800009 ER PT J AU Marzari, N Singh, DJ AF Marzari, N Singh, DJ TI Ab initio determination of the dielectric response of GaAs, AlAs, C, and SrO in the weighted-density approximation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Williamsburg Workshop on Ferroelectrics 99 CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA SP Off Naval Res DE dielectric constant ID ELECTRON-GAS; FUNCTIONAL FORMALISM; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCHANGE; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; SOLIDS AB We investigate the accuracy of the weighted-density approximation (WDA) in predicting the dielectric response of materials from first-principles. WDA is a genuinely non-local formulation for the exchange-correlation term of density-functional theory. Still, it can be cast into a computationally tractable scheme, allowing for practical applications in pseudopotential calculations. We have selected a group of materials with increasingly ionic character (C, GaAs, AlAs, and SrO), and we have calculated the static dielectric constant as a supercell limit of the electronic response to an applied electric field at finite q. The WDA response is found to be somewhat lower than LDA, in agreement with the experimental trend. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Marzari, N (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Inst Computat Sci & Informat, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Marzari, Nicola/D-6681-2016 OI Marzari, Nicola/0000-0002-9764-0199 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD FEB PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00301-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 263VY UT WOS:000084147000029 ER PT J AU Curtis, W AF Curtis, W TI Guerrilla diplomacy: The NLF'S foreign relations and the Viet Nam War. SO JOURNAL OF POLITICS LA English DT Book Review C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Curtis, W (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TEXAS PRESS PI AUSTIN PA BOX 7819, AUSTIN, TX 78713-7819 USA SN 0022-3816 J9 J POLIT JI J. Polit. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 301WR UT WOS:000086334000046 ER PT J AU Gherman, RB Stitely, M Larrimore, C Nevin, K Coppola, A Wiese, D AF Gherman, RB Stitely, M Larrimore, C Nevin, K Coppola, A Wiese, D TI Low-dose methotrexate treatment for interstitial pregnancy - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pregnancy, ectopic; methotrexate; interstitial pregnancy ID CORNUAL PREGNANCIES; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY AB BACKGROUND: Only a small number of case reports have described medical treatment of interstitial ectopic pregnancies. Almost all of the reported patients were treated with repeated high doses (I mg/kg) of methotrexate. CASE: At 6 weeks of gestation, a 31-year-old woman, gravida 5, pam 4, was diagnosed with a 0.96x2.36-cm right cornual pregnancy. As the patient desired future fertility, she received 100 mg of intramuscular methotrexate (50 mg/m(2)). She was then followed on an out patient basis, with serum human chorionic gonadotropin values appropriately declining. Serial ultrasound also showed decreasing size 4 the gestational snc. Twenty-one days after the methotrexate dose, the patient experienced rupture of the right posterior cornu, necessitating exploratory laparotomy. CONCLUSION: Extreme caution should be used when treating interstitial gestations with single-dose methotrexate. All patients should be extensively counseled regarding the significantly increased risk of failure, possibility of rupture and need for emergency surgery. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Gherman, RB (reprint author), Portsmouth Naval Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 45 IS 2 BP 142 EP 144 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 287FQ UT WOS:000085496200014 PM 10710747 ER PT J AU Fialkowski, LT Collins, MD Kuperman, WA Perkins, JS Kelly, LJ Larsson, A Fawcett, JA Hall, LH AF Fialkowski, LT Collins, MD Kuperman, WA Perkins, JS Kelly, LJ Larsson, A Fawcett, JA Hall, LH TI Matched-field processing using measured replica fields SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-BOTTOM PROPERTIES; SHALLOW-WATER; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; SOURCE TRACKING; VERTICAL ARRAY; BROAD-BAND; INVERSION; MISMATCH; DEPTH; RANGE AB An approach for avoiding the problem of environmental uncertainty is tested using data from the TESPEX experiments. Acoustic data basing is an alternative to the difficult task of characterizing the environment by performing direct measurements and solving inverse problems. A source is towed throughout the region of interest to obtain a database of the acoustic field on an array of receivers. With this approach, there is no need to determine environmental parameters or solve the wave equation. Replica fields from an acoustic database are used to perform environmental source tracking [J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 94, 3335-3341 (1993)], which exploits environmental complexity and source motion. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)04602-6]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Def Sci & Technol Org, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. Def Res Estab Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. Def Operat Technol Support Estab, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Fialkowski, LT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 107 IS 2 BP 739 EP 746 DI 10.1121/1.428257 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 281YY UT WOS:000085190100009 ER PT J AU Orris, GJ Nicholas, M AF Orris, GJ Nicholas, M TI Collective oscillations of fresh and salt water bubble plumes SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT NOISE; COMPRESSIBLE LIQUID; DYNAMICS; EMISSIONS; SOUND; OCEAN; WAVES; POPULATIONS AB Bubble plumes of various void fractions and sizes were produced by varying the flow velocity of a water jet impinging normally on a water surface. The bubbles entrained at the surface were carried downwards by the fluid flow to depths ranging from 33 to 65 cm, and formed roughly cylindrical plumes with diameters ranging from 12 to 27 cm. The acoustic emissions from the plumes were recorded onto digital audio tape using a hydrophone placed outside the cloud at distances ranging from 50 cm to 16.0 m. Closeup video images of the individual bubbles within the plume were also taken in order to gain knowledge of the bubble size distributions. The experiments were performed in both fresh-water and salt-water environments. The fresh-water clouds emitted sounds with a modal structure that was significantly different from that produced by the salt-water clouds. Furthermore, the smaller bubbles present in the salt-water clouds have a fundamental effect on the amplification of turbulence noise, generating sound at significant levels for frequencies up to several hundred Hertz. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)03012-X]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Orris, GJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 107 IS 2 BP 771 EP 787 DI 10.1121/1.428253 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 281YY UT WOS:000085190100012 ER PT J AU Broadhead, MK Pflug, LA AF Broadhead, MK Pflug, LA TI Performance of some sparseness criterion blind deconvolution methods in the presence of noise SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM ENTROPY DECONVOLUTION AB A comparison of the sparseness (simplicity) norm criterion blind deconvolution methods of Cabrelli and Wiggins is made in order to ascertain relative performance for underwater acoustic transient source signal estimation, especially in the presence of noise. Both methods perform well at high signal-to-noise ratios, producing source estimates that are significant improvements over the original received signal for classification purposes. At moderate and lower SNRs, the Cabrelli method tends to generate results that are superior to the Wiggins method. This is especially true for a damped sinusoid transient source, for which the Wiggins method fails completely at lower SNRs, while the Cabrelli method can still produce good source estimates. [S0001-4966(00)06601-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ocean Acoust Div, Code 7185, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 107 IS 2 BP 885 EP 893 DI 10.1121/1.428270 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 281YY UT WOS:000085190100024 ER PT J AU Abendroth, A Slobedman, B Lee, E Mellins, E Wallace, M Arvin, AM AF Abendroth, A Slobedman, B Lee, E Mellins, E Wallace, M Arvin, AM TI Modulation of major histocompatibility class II protein expression by varicella-zoster virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MHC ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; TRANSACTIVATOR GENE; IMMUNE INTERFERON; T-CELLS; INFECTION; HLA AB We sought to investigate the effects of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-stimulated expression of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on human fibroblasts, IFN-gamma treatment induced cell surface MHC class II expression on 60 to 86% of uninfected cells, compared to 20 to 30% of cells which had been infected with VZV prior to the addition of IFN-gamma. In contrast, cells that were treated with IFN-gamma before VZV infection had profiles of MWC class II expression similar to those of uninfected cell populations. Neither IFN-gamma treatment nor VZV infection affected the expression of transferrin receptor (CD71). In situ and Northern blot hybridization of MHC II (MHC class II DR-alpha) RNA expression in response to IFN-gamma stimulation revealed that MBC class II DR-alpha mRNA accumulated in uninfected cells but not in cells infected with VZV. When skin biopsies of varicella lesions were analyzed by in situ hybridization, MHC class II transcripts were detected in areas around lesions but not in cells that were infected with VZV. VZV infection inhibited the expression of Stat 1 alpha and Jak2 proteins but had little effect on Jak1. Analysis of regulatory events in the IFN-gamma signaling pathway showed that VZV infection inhibited transcription of interferon regulatory factor 1 and the MHC class II transactivator. This is the first report that VZV encodes an immunomodulatory function which directly interferes with the IFN-gamma signal transduction via the Jak/Stat pathway and enables the virus to inhibit IFN-gamma induction of cell surface MHC class II expression. This inhibition of MRC class II expression on VZV-infected cells in vivo may transiently protect cells from CD4(+) T-cell immune surveillance, facilitating local virus replication and transmission during the first few days of cutaneous lesion formation. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. San Diego Naval Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Arvin, AM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Rm G312, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI20459, R01 AI020459] NR 54 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1900 EP 1907 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.4.1900-1907.2000 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 277XC UT WOS:000084958000036 PM 10644363 ER PT J AU Gross, RD Burgess, LP Holtel, MR Hall, DJ Ramsey, M Tsai, PD Birkmire-Peters, D AF Gross, RD Burgess, LP Holtel, MR Hall, DJ Ramsey, M Tsai, PD Birkmire-Peters, D TI Saline irrigation in the prevention of otorrhea after tympanostomy tube placement SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE otorrhea; tympanostomy tubes; ototoxicity; otic drops; saline irrigation ID POSTTYMPANOSTOMY OTORRHEA; BACTERIOLOGY; DROPS AB Objectives: Comparison of intraoperative saline irrigation to otic drops in the prevention of postoperative otorrhea in children with middle ear effusion undergoing bilateral myringotomy with ventilation tubes. Study Design: This study was designed as a blinded, controlled, prospectively randomized trial. Methods: Study children were randomly assigned to receive either otic drops for 3 days postoperatively or saline irrigation of the middle ear space at the time of myringotomy, Only children with effusion present at the time of surgery were included. All children were evaluated for drainage 7 to 14 days postoperatively, and the degree of drainage was graded from 0 to 4. Results: Of the 84 patients entered into the study, 62 patients were eligible for data analysis (16 failed follow-up, 6 records mere lost). Of the patients who completed the study, not all had bilateral effusions, resulting in 111 ears for inclusion in the study, Fifty-two ears underwent irrigation, and 10 were noted to have otorrhea (19.2%). Fifty-nine ears received otic drops, resulting in 21 ears with otorrhea (35.6%). Evaluating the degree of otorrhea with a five-point Leichert scale, the average score per ear was 0.42 for the saline irrigation group and 1.07 for the control group. The rate and degree of drainage were both statistically reduced in the saline irrigation group (P < .05). Conclusions: Using middle ear irrigation at the time of tympanostomy may be more effective than antibiotic drops in preventing postoperative otorrhea. C1 USN Hosp, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Gross, RD (reprint author), USN Hosp, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 100 Brewster Dr,Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD FEB PY 2000 VL 110 IS 2 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1097/00005537-200002010-00011 PN 1 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 282ND UT WOS:000085224200011 PM 10680924 ER PT J AU Mauro, JM Pazirandeh, M AF Mauro, JM Pazirandeh, M TI Construction and expression of functional multi-domain polypeptides in Escherichia coli: expression of the Neurospora crassa metallothionein gene SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN DESIGN; HEAVY-METALS; YEAST; CELLS; METALLOADSORPTION; PURIFICATION; BIOSORBENTS; PEPTIDES; REPEATS; CADMIUM AB A system for the construction of polymeric peptides in Escherichia coli was utilized to prepare a library of plasmids coding for tandem repeats of the Neurospora crassa metallothionein gene. Selected oligomeric metallothionein clones were expressed and target-ed to the periplasm as a fusion with the maltose-binding protein. Bacterial cells harbouring the expressed oligopeptides were characterized for their ability to bind Cd-109(2+). The metal-binding ability was enhanced for all the oligomeric constructs tested and, in the best case, a 6.5-fold increased capacity for metal uptake was achieved with cells expressing a tandem 9-mer in comparison with cells expressing a monomer. Plateauing of the metal uptake ability occurred at between six and nine tandem repeats, possibly due to a combination of lowered translation levels, inefficient export and prematurely terminated translation products. The overall enhancement of the heavy metal removal capacity was approximately 65-fold relative to non-recombinant cells. The use of this strategy for the design and expression of de novo polypeptides containing multiple functional domains for use in bioremediation is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pazirandeh, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 30 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00697.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 295MF UT WOS:000085970500015 PM 10736021 ER PT J AU Talley, DB Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Margaritondo, G Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH AF Talley, DB Shaw, LB Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID Cricenti, A Generosi, R Luce, M Margaritondo, G Gilligan, JM Tolk, NH TI Scanning near field infrared microscopy using chalcogenide fiber tips SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microscopy; near-field; infrared microscopy; optical fiber; chalcogenide; arsenic; sulfide; selenide; free electron laser; refractive index ID OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY AB Chalcogenide glass optical fibers were fabricated into functional apertured probes for near field scanning infrared microscopy. Probe fiber tips were chemically etched and aluminum coated for the purpose of simultaneously collecting near field shear force and optical signals. Surface topography and infrared optical reflectivity data were obtained using the tips in a scanning near field microscope while illuminating an integrated microcircuit with the output from a free electron laser operating at a lambda of 4.7 mu m Approximately 25 nm topographical and 100 nm optical lateral resolution were observed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Res Fdn, Greenbelt, MD USA. CNR, Ist Struttura Mat, Rome, Italy. Ecole Polytech, Lausanne, Switzerland. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Talley, DB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Bldg 215,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008; Gilligan, Jonathan/I-8938-2014 OI Gilligan, Jonathan/0000-0003-1375-6686 NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 42 IS 5 BP 339 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(99)00201-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 285KE UT WOS:000085387600011 ER PT J AU Shakir, KMM Turton, D Aprill, BS Drake, AJ Eisold, JF AF Shakir, KMM Turton, D Aprill, BS Drake, AJ Eisold, JF TI Anemia: A cause of intolerance to thyroxine sodium SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID HYPOTHYROIDISM; HYPERTHYROIDISM AB Usual causes of intolerance to thyroxine sodium include coronary artery disease, advanced age, untreated adrenal insufficiency, and severe hypothyroidism. We describe 4 patients with iron deficiency anemia and primary hypothyroidism. After treatment with thyroxine sodium, these patients developed palpitations and feelings of restlessness, which necessitated discontinuation of the thyroid hormone. After the anemia was treated with ferrous sulfate for 4 to 7 weeks, they were able to tolerate thyroxine sodium therapy. Iron deficiency anemia coexisting with primary hypothyroidism results in a hyperadrenergic state, In such patients, we postulate that thyroid hormone administration causes palpitations, nervousness, and feelings of restlessness. Correction of any existing pronounced anemia in hypothyroid patients who are intolerant to thyroxine sodium therapy may result in tolerance to this agent. C1 USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Shakir, KMM (reprint author), USN, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 75 IS 2 BP 189 EP 192 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 282KP UT WOS:000085217500012 PM 10683660 ER PT J AU He, JH Ice, M Dallek, S Lavernia, EJ AF He, JH Ice, M Dallek, S Lavernia, EJ TI Synthesis of nanostructured WC-12 pct Co coating using mechanical milling and high velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WC-CO; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; GRAIN-SIZE; WEAR; MICROSTRUCTURE; TRANSFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; ALLOY; PHASE AB A nanostructured WC-12 pet Co coating was synthesized using mechanical milling and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. The variation of powder characteristics with milling time and the performance of the coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray, transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and microhardness measurements. There is no evidence that indicates the presence of an amorphous phase in the sintered WC-12 pet Co powder, and the binder phase in this powder is still crystalline Co. Mechanical milling of up to 20 hours did not lead to the formation of an amorphous phase in the sintered WC-12 pet Co powder. During the initial stages of the milling, the brittle carbide particles were first fractured into fragments and then embedded into the binder phase. This process gradually formed polycrystal nanocomposite powders of the Co binder phase and W carbide particles. The conventional cold welding and fracturing processes primarily occurred among the Co binder powders and polycrystal composite powders. The nanostructured WC-12 pet Co coatings, synthesized in the present study, consist of an amorphous matrix and carbides with an average particle diameter of 35 nm. The coating possesses an average microhardness of 1135 HV and higher resistance to indentation fracture than that of its conventional counterpart. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP He, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 53 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 541 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s11661-000-0289-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 282YE UT WOS:000085248700022 ER PT J AU Poddar, SK AF Poddar, SK TI Symmetric vs asymmetric PCR and molecular beacon probe in the detection of a target gene of adenovirus SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; asymmetric PCR; symmetric PCR; fluorescent signal ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; INHIBITORS; VIRUS; WATER AB A DNA fragment (307 bp) from the conserved region of an adenovirus gene (hexon) was amplified by symmetric and by asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two amplifications, one in the absence other in the presence of a molecular beacon probe were conducted by both symmetric and asymmetric PCR. The probe sequence was complementary to an internal segment of the amplified fragment. The product amplified in the absence and presence of the probe was detected by agarose gel and fluorescence analysis, respectively. A symmetric PCR results in exponentially grown double stranded DNA. An asymmetric PCR generates one of the strands by linear amplification and a fraction of its total product as double-stranded DNA limited by the concentration ratio of the primers used. Thus asymmetric PCR provided lower intensity signal hence less sensitivity than symmetric PCR by agarose gel analysis as expected. However, signal from a beacon probe based PCR assay is generated only from the probe fraction that hybridizes successfully competing against the strand complementary to the target strand of the product generated by PCR. The symmetric PCR has so far been used for the molecular beacon based fluorescent signal detection. The present study compared the level of fluorescent signal detectable from a symmetric PCR with that from an asymmetric PCR. The fluorescent data analysis demonstrated that a significant higher level of fluorescent signal hence higher sensitivity of detection is obtainable using asymmetric PCR than symmetric PCR performed in presence of the molecular beacon probe. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis & Pediat Pharmacol, Res Unit PPRU, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Poddar, SK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Div Emerging Illness, McClelland Rd & Patterson Rd,Bldg 322,POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0278 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 296XY UT WOS:000086053100004 PM 10722789 ER PT J AU Angeloni, D Wei, MH Duh, FM Johnson, BE Lerman, MI AF Angeloni, D Wei, MH Duh, FM Johnson, BE Lerman, MI TI A G-to-A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human Alpha 2 Delta 2 calcium channel subunit gene that maps at chromosome 3p21.3 SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE Alpha 2 Delta subunit 2 calcium channel gene; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); loss of heterozygosity LOH; lung cancer C1 Natl Canc Inst, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Immunobiol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. SAIC, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Natl Canc Inst, Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Angeloni, D (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Immunobiol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01CO56000] NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 53 EP 54 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0277 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 296XY UT WOS:000086053100008 PM 10722793 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Persson, POG Bane, JM Cancillo, ML Wilczak, JM Nuss, W AF Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Persson, POG Bane, JM Cancillo, ML Wilczak, JM Nuss, W TI Kelvin waves and internal bores in the marine boundary layer inversion and their relationship to coastally trapped wind reversals SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STATES WEST-COAST; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; MESOSCALE RIDGES; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; WARM-SEASON; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCE; EVOLUTION AB Detailed observations of a coastally trapped disturbance, or wind reversal, on 10-11 June 1994 along the California coast provide comprehensive documentation of its structure, based on aircraft, wind profiler, radio acoustic sounding system, and buoy measurements. Unlike the expectations from earlier studies based on limited data, which concluded that the deepening of the marine boundary layer (MBL) was a key factor, the 1994 data show that the perturbation was better characterized as an upward thickening of the inversion capping the MEL. As the event propagated over a site, the reversal in the alongshore wind direction occurred first within the inversion and then 3-4 h later at the surface. A node in the vertical structure (defined here as the altitude of zero vertical displacement) is found just above the inversion base, with up to 200-m upward displacements of isentropic surfaces above the node, and 70-m downward displacements below. Although this is a single event, it is shown that the vertical structure observed is representative of most other coastally trapped wind reversals. This is determined by comparing a composite of the 10-11 June 1994 event, based on measurements at seven buoys, with surface pressure perturbations calculated from aircraft data. These results are compared to the composite of many events. In each case a weak pressure trough occurred between 2.4 and 4.0 h ahead of the surface wind reversal, and the pressure rose by 0.32-0.48 mb between the trough and the wind reversal. The pressure rise results from the cooling caused by the inversion's upward expansion. The propagation and structure of the event are shown to be best characterized as a mixed Kelvin wave-bore propagating within the inversion above the MEL, with the MBL acting as a quasi-rigid lower boundary. If the MBL is instead assumed to respond in unison with the inversion, then the theoretically predicted intrinsic phase speeds significantly exceed the observed intrinsic phase speed. The hybrid nature of the event is indicated by two primary characteristics: 1) the disturbance had a much shallower slope than expected for an internal bore, while at the same time the upward perturbation within the inversion was quasi-permanent rather than sinusoidal, which more closely resembles a bore; and 2) the predicted phase speeds for the "solitary" form of nonlinear Kelvin wave and for an internal bore are both close to the observed intrinsic phase speed. C1 NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Extremadura, Dept Phys, Badajoz, Spain. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Environm Technol Lab, Mail Code R-E-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 128 IS 2 BP 283 EP 300 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0283:KWAIBI>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282QW UT WOS:000085230500002 ER PT J AU Mascola, JR Stiegler, G VanCott, TC Katinger, H Carpenter, CB Hanson, CE Beary, H Hayes, D Frankel, SS Birx, DL Lewis, MG AF Mascola, JR Stiegler, G VanCott, TC Katinger, H Carpenter, CB Hanson, CE Beary, H Hayes, D Frankel, SS Birx, DL Lewis, MG TI Protection of macaques against vaginal transmission of a pathogenic HIV-1/SIV chimeric virus by passive infusion of neutralizing antibodies SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; RHESUS MACAQUES; AIDS; HIV; INOCULATION; DISEASE; EPITOPE; MONKEYS; WOMEN AB The development of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) chimeric virus macaque model (SHIV) permits the in vivo evaluation of anti-HIV-1. envelope glycoprotein immune responses(1-3), Using this model, others, and we have shown that passively infused antibody can protect against an intravenous challenge(4,5). However, HIV-1 is most often transmitted across mucosal surfaces(6-9) and the intravenous challenge model may not accurately predict the role of antibody in protection against mucosal exposure. After controlling the macaque estrous cycle with progesterone(10), anti-HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 2G12, and HIV immune globulin were tested(11-13). Whereas all five control monkeys displayed high plasma viremia and rapid CD4 cell decline, 14 antibody-treated macaques were either completely protected against infection or against pathogenic manifestations of SHIV-infection. Infusion of all three antibodies together provided the greatest amount of protection, but a single monoclonal antibody, with modest virus neutralizing activity, was also protective. Compared with our previous intravenous challenge study with the same virus and antibodies: the data indicated that greater protection was achieved after vaginal challenge. This study demonstrates that antibodies can affect transmission and subsequent disease course after vaginal SHIV-challenge; the data begin to define the type of antibody response that could play a role in protection against mucosal transmission of HIV-1. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Agr, Inst Appl Microbiol, Vienna, Austria. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Forrest Glenn, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Forrest Glenn, MD 20910 USA. RP Mascola, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 22 TC 952 Z9 979 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1038/72318 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 278YQ UT WOS:000085016900043 PM 10655111 ER PT J AU Zhang, JM Dong, PS Brust, FW Shack, WJ Mayfield, ME McNeil, M AF Zhang, JM Dong, PS Brust, FW Shack, WJ Mayfield, ME McNeil, M TI Modeling of weld residual stresses in core shroud structures SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SMiRT-14 Post Conference Seminar Number 2 CY AUG 25-26, 1997 CL LYON, FRANCE ID SURFACE CRACKS; FINITE AB This paper presents a computational model to predict residual stresses in a girth weld (H4) of a BWR core shroud. The H4 weld is a multi-pass submerged-are weld that joins two type 304 austenitic stainless steel cylinders. An axisymmetric solid element model was used to characterize the detailed evolution of residual stresses in the H4 weld. In the analysis, a series of advanced weld modeling techniques were used to address some specific welding-related issues, such as material melting/re-melting and history annihilation. In addition, a 3-D shell element analysis was performed to quantify specimen removal effects on residual stress measurements based on a sub-structural specimen from a core shroud. The predicted residual stresses in the H4 weld were used as the crack driving force for the subsequent analysis of stress corrosion cracking in the H4 weld. The crack growth behavior was investigated using an advanced finite element alternating method (FEAM). Stress intensity factors were calculated for both axisymmetric circumferential (360 degrees) and circumferential surface cracks. The analysis results obtained from these studies shed light on the residual stress characteristics in core shroud weldments and the effects of residual stresses on stress corrosion cracking behavior. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Columbus Labs, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC USA. RP Dong, PS (reprint author), Battelle Columbus Labs, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. EM dongp@battelle.org NR 33 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 195 IS 2 BP 171 EP 187 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00251-4 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 279XE UT WOS:000085069700006 ER PT J AU Lawphongpanich, S AF Lawphongpanich, S TI Simplicial with truncated Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition for nonlinear multicommodity network flow problems with side constraints SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE multicommodity network; traffic assignment problem; decomposition technique ID TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM; ALGORITHM AB The simplicial decomposition (SD) subproblem for a nonlinear multicommodity network flow problem is simply its linear approximation. Instead of solving the subproblem optimally, this paper demonstrates that performing one iteration of Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is generally sufficient for SD to efficiently converge to an optimal solution. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Operat Res, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM slawphon@nps.navy.mil NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 EI 1872-7468 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0167-6377(99)00059-0 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 277EF UT WOS:000084919200006 ER PT J AU Mermelstein, MD Snail, KA Priest, RG AF Mermelstein, MD Snail, KA Priest, RG TI Spectral and radiometric calibration of midwave and longwave infrared cameras SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE infrared imagers; calibration; radiometry; cameras AB Accurate spectral and radiometric calibrations of IR cameras are needed to interpret infrared imagery properly, to monitor camera performance over time, and to evaluate new imaging radiometers. In this paper, the physical basis for calibrating IR cameras is derived from first principles, and a laboratory setup used to perform both radiometric and spectral calibrations is described. The calibration procedures used with this setup are then demonstrated on a midwave IR focal plane array camera, a midwave IR scanned camera, and a longwave IR scanned camera. The system spectral response and radiometric response of each camera is given and analyzed. An error analysis of approximating a camera's spectral response by an equivalent top-hat responsivity is also given. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)01702-5]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mermelstein, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5622, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 39 IS 2 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1117/1.602370 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 285HW UT WOS:000085384500002 ER PT J AU Carruthers, TF Duling, IN Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR AF Carruthers, TF Duling, IN Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR TI Dispersion management in a harmonically mode-locked fiber soliton laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RING LASER AB Harmonically mode-locked Er-fiber soliton lasers have become a reliable source of high-repetition-rate picosecond pulses in high-speed communications and photonic analog-to-digital conversion systems because of their low-noise, dropout-free operation. We have fabricated such a laser with a strongly dispersion-managed cavity and modeled its operation, and we have found that dispersion management significantly extends the power range over which uninterrupted single-pulse production is attained and dramatically decreases the effects of amplified spontaneous emission on the phase noise of the laser. OCIS codes: 140.3510, 140.4050, 140.3430, 060.5530, 060.7140, 320.7090. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Lab Telecommun Sci, USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Carruthers, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3 BP 153 EP 155 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000153 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 279ZW UT WOS:000085078000005 PM 18059813 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Laming, JM AF Feldman, U Laming, JM TI Element abundances in the upper atmospheres of the sun and stars: Update of observational results SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Review ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM; STELLAR CORONAL ABUNDANCES; X-RAY-EMISSION; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; UPPER SOLAR ATMOSPHERE; DWARF EPSILON-ERIDANI; N = 1; ALPHA-CENTAURI; ASTRONOMY SATELLITE; TRANSITION REGION AB We review observational progress in the determination of element abundances in the solar corona, largely due to the new capabilities offered by the instrumentation on the SOHO satellite. Many new facets to coronal abundance anomalies with respect to the photosphere are revealed. This includes new results on the FIP (First Ionization Potential) Effect, whereby elements with FIP < 10 eV are enriched in the corona by a factor similar to 4 with respect to the photosphere, and the first evidence for gravitational settling of heavy elements in the corona. Advances in EUV and X-ray astronomy instrumentation have also yielded the first spectra of stellar coronae of sufficient quality to allow element abundance measurements. We survey these new results and compare the various stellar cases to the solar corona. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 172 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 222 EP 252 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.061a00222 PG 31 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 284TT UT WOS:000085349100013 ER PT J AU Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Kendziora, C Gray, KE AF Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Kendziora, C Gray, KE TI Quasiparticle and Josephson tunneling of overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING GAP ANISOTROPY; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; ORDER-PARAMETER; CLEAVED SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; SYMMETRY; JUNCTIONS; SPECTRA; STATES AB The point contact tunneling technique is used to examine quasiparticle and Josephson currents in overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) single crystals with bulk T-c values ranging from 82 K down to 62 K. Superconductor-insulator-normal-metal (SIN) tunnel junctions are formed between Bi-2212 crystals and a Au tip, which display well-resolved quasiparticle gap features including sharp conductance peaks. Reproducible superconductor- insulator-superconductor (SIS) tunnel junctions are also obtained between two pieces of the Bi-2212 crystals, resulting in simultaneous quasiparticle and Josephson currents. The dynamic conductances of both SIN and SIS junctions are qualitatively similar to those found on optimally doped Bi-2212, but with reduced gap values, e.g., Delta = 15-20 meV for T-c = 62 K. Fits to the conductance data in the gap region are obtained using a model with d(x2-y2) symmetry, and it is shown that this provides a better fit than s-wave symmetry. Both SIN and SIS tunneling conductances also display dip and hump features at high bias voltages similar to those found on optimal and underdoped crystals, indicating that these are intrinsic properties of the quasiparticles. The SIS data indicate that these features appear to be part of a larger spectrum that extends out to 300-400 mV. The Josephson current has been measured for 13 SIS junctions on the 62 K crystals with resistances varying over two decades. It is found that the maximum value depends on junction resistance in a manner consistent with Ambegaokar-Baratoff theory, but with a reduced IcRn product. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35230 Izmir, Turkey. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ozyuzer, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 5 BP 3629 EP 3640 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.3629 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 284LA UT WOS:000085332800087 ER PT J AU Nadgorny, B Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS Mazin, II Laprade, G van de Veerdonk, RJM Smits, AA Cheng, SF Skelton, EF Qadri, SB AF Nadgorny, B Soulen, RJ Osofsky, MS Mazin, II Laprade, G van de Veerdonk, RJM Smits, AA Cheng, SF Skelton, EF Qadri, SB TI Transport spin polarization of NixFe1-x: Electronic kinematics and band structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANDREEV REFLECTION; FE; NI; TRANSITION; METAL; CO AB We present measurements of the transport spin polarization of NixFe1-x (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) using the recently developed point-contact Andreev reflection technique, and compare them with our first-principles calculations of the spin polarization for this system. Surprisingly, the measured spin polarization is almost composition independent. The results clearly demonstrate that the sign of the transport spin polarization does not coincide with that of the difference of the densities of states at the Fermi level. Calculations indicate that the independence of the spin polarization of the composition is due to compensation of density of states and Fermi velocity in the s and d bands. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. INSA, Toulouse, France. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Nadgorny, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nadgorny@anvil.nrl.navy.mil RI Mazin, Igor/B-6576-2008; Osofsky, Michael/A-1050-2010 NR 20 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 6 BP R3788 EP R3791 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.R3788 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 285AH UT WOS:000085364700008 ER PT J AU Davidchack, RL Lai, YC Bollt, EM Dhamala, M AF Davidchack, RL Lai, YC Bollt, EM Dhamala, M TI Estimating generating partitions of chaotic systems by unstable periodic orbits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SYMBOLIC DYNAMICS; STRANGE ATTRACTOR; RING CAVITY; HENON MAP AB An outstanding problem in chaotic dynamics is to specify generating partitions for symbolic dynamics in dimensions larger than 1. It has been known that the infinite number of unstable periodic orbits embedded in the chaotic invariant set provides sufficient information for estimating the generating partition. Here we present a general, dimension-independent, and efficient approach for this task based on optimizing a set of proximity functions defined with respect to periodic orbits. Our algorithm allows us to obtain the approximate location of the generating partition for the Ikeda-Hammel-Jones-Moloney map. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Davidchack, RL (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Davidchack, Ruslan/D-8030-2011 OI Davidchack, Ruslan/0000-0001-9418-5322 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 1353 EP 1356 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.1353 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 285WD UT WOS:000085410600057 ER PT J AU Spector, MS Heiney, PA Naciri, J Weslowski, BT Holt, DB Shashidhar, R AF Spector, MS Heiney, PA Naciri, J Weslowski, BT Holt, DB Shashidhar, R TI Electroclinic liquid crystals with large induced tilt angle and small layer contraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD AB Optical and x-ray scattering studies of a chiral, organosiloxane smectic-d Liquid crystal indicate a large field induced optical tilt of up to 31 degrees accompanied by a very small contraction of the smectic layers. This result suggests that the molecules have a nonzero tilt even with no applied field, and that the primary effect of the field is to induce long range order in the direction of the molecular tilt. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Geocenters Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Spector, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 24 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 1579 EP 1584 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.1579 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 285WD UT WOS:000085410600084 ER PT J AU Clark, TR Milchberg, HM AF Clark, TR Milchberg, HM TI Optical mode structure of the plasma waveguide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY LASER-PULSES; WAVE-GUIDE; CHANNEL; GENERATION; LIGHT; ACCELERATION; WAKEFIELD AB The quasibound modes of an evolving plasma waveguide were investigated by using variably delayed end-injected and side-injected probe pulses. The use of these different coupling geometries allowed the probing of the waveguide's optical modes during two temporal regimes: early-time plasma channel development, characterized by leaky optical confinement, and later channel hydrodynamic expansion characterized by stronger confinement. The wave equation was solved to determine the available quasiguided optical modes and their confinement for experimentally measured electron density profiles. The guided intensity patterns and spectra measured at the waveguide exit were successfully explained in terms of these mode solutions. The spectrum of broadband end-coupled probe pulses was found to be unaffected by the guiding process, mainly because those modes which survived to the waveguide exit were well-bound, and for strongly bound fields, the transverse mode profiles are wavelength independent. By contrast, side coupling to the quasibound modes of the plasma waveguide was seen to be highly mode and frequency selective. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Clark, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 1954 EP 1965 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.61.1954 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 285WD UT WOS:000085410600126 ER PT J AU Dark, ML Perelman, LT Itzkan, I Schaffer, JL Field, MS AF Dark, ML Perelman, LT Itzkan, I Schaffer, JL Field, MS TI Physical properties of hydrated tissue determined by surface interferometry of laser-induced thermoelastic deformation SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL TISSUE; ABLATION; GELS AB Knee meniscus is a hydrated tissue; it is a fibrocartilage of the knee joint composed primarily of water. We present results of interferometric surface monitoring by which we measure physical properties of human knee meniscal cartilage. The physical response of biological tissue to a short laser pulse is primarily thermomechanical. When the pulse is shorter than characteristic times (thermal diffusion time and acoustic relaxation time) stresses build and propagate as acoustic waves in the tissue. The tissue responds to the laser-induced stress by thermoelastic expansion. Solving the thermoelastic wave equation numerically predicts the correct laser-induced expansion. By comparing theory with experimental data, we can obtain the longitudinal speed of sound, the effective optical penetration depth and the Gruneisen coefficient. This study yields information about the laser-tissue interaction and determines properties of the meniscus samples that could be used as diagnostic parameters. C1 MIT, Laser Biomed Res Ctr, GR Harrison Spect Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Dark, ML (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6950,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR 02594] NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 45 IS 2 BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/45/2/318 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 285WB UT WOS:000085410400020 PM 10701519 ER PT J AU Whitney, KG AF Whitney, KG TI I. First-order calculation of the pressure tensor for cylindrical, Z-pinch plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; WIRE ARRAY; TRANSPORT; IMPLOSION AB Calculations of the pressure tensor in a two-dimensional (2D), Z-pinch geometry are presented that extend calculations previously published [K. G. Whitney, Phys. Plasmas 6, 816 (1999)], which dealt with a spherical, Inertial Confinement Fusion geometry. In a cylindrically symmetric [(r,z)] plasma, the electron pressure tensor has three independent, but coupled, components (rather than one as in a sphere). There are a variety of nonlinear contributions to the electron pressure tensor that depend bilinearly on gradients in temperature and density and on the current density. A general presciption for calculating their magnetic field and ionization state dependence is described in this paper. It is found, for example, that the contribution that comes from gradients in temperature has the same form involving three eta coefficients as the classical contributions to the Z-pinch pressure tensor that come from gradients in fluid velocity. Moreover, all three coefficients of the temperature gradient terms are found to be much larger than the corresponding fluid velocity coefficients. Explicit formulas for all first-order pressure tensor coefficients are given in the appendixes. C1 USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Whitney, KG (reprint author), USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 657 EP 675 DI 10.1063/1.873869 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 275LY UT WOS:000084822700030 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Ridley, CR Nielsen, SL AF Johnson, WB Ridley, CR Nielsen, SL TI Religiously sensitive rational emotive behavior therapy: Elegant solutions and ethical risks SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL-HEALTH; META-ANALYSIS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; VALUES; EFFICACY; CLIENTS; RELIGIOSITY; OUTCOMES; MODEL AB Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) can be an elegant treatment modality for explicitly religious clients. This is true in spite of the traditional antireligious stance of Albert Ellis. In this article, the authors summarize the evolution of Ellis's views on religion and mental health, consider potential ethical dilemmas caused by utilizing REBT with religious clients, and recommend strategies for reducing violation of ethical and specialty guidelines in work with religious clients. The authors conclude by proposing a general model for religiously sensitive psychotherapy, which may serve to undergird theorizing and research on the application of REBT and other treatment approaches to religious clients. C1 USN Acad, Dept Leadership Ethics & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. Brigham Young Univ, Counseling & Career Ctr, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Johnson, WB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Leadership Ethics & Law, Luce Hall,Stop 7B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.31.1.14 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 287HD UT WOS:000085499700003 ER PT J AU Nielsen, SL Johnson, WB Ridley, CR AF Nielsen, SL Johnson, WB Ridley, CR TI Religiously sensitive rational emotive behavior therapy: Theory, techniques, and brief excerpts from a case SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th Annual Conference of the American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 09-13, 1996 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Psychol Assoc, Div 10 Psychol & Arts, Amer Psychol Assoc ID CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; PSYCHOTHERAPY AB Rational emotive behavior therapy's (REBT's) methods for fostering change, such as disputation of irrational beliefs, are similar to the kinds of activities one may expect to encounter in many organized religions. REBT also bears a strong theoretical affinity with some religions because of its preferred therapeutic goal of helping clients examine and change their beliefs. Furthermore, the formal religious tenets and traditions to which many clients adhere will usually include doctrinal material that is highly congruent with REBT's theory of change. Such belief-oriented material may be enlisted during REBT to help religious clients evaluate and change their self-defeating, irrational beliefs. A case that integrates religious belief with REBT is presented. Finally, the authors conclude with a brief summary of preliminary outcome research regarding the efficacy of this approach. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Counseling & Career Ctr, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USN Acad, Dept Leadership Ethics & Law, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Nielsen, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Counseling & Career Ctr, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.31.1.21 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 287HD UT WOS:000085499700004 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, M TI Extraction of radio frequency from electromagnetic surface waves guided by metallic strips SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS 99) CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Electrochem Soc Japan, Grp Res & Dev Beam Engn, Beam Engn Res Soc Japan AB Pulses of rf radiation with power in the megawatt range was extracted from electromagnetic surface waves. These nonradiating waves propagated on a long and thin metallic strip with most of the wave energy confined to a distance of less than a half wavelength around the strip. The electromagnetic energy of the surface waves was first extracted into rectangular waveguides in a TE01 mode and then radiated into the atmosphere with an overall efficiency of 90%. [S0034-6748(00)00802-9]. C1 USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USN, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 551 EP 553 DI 10.1063/1.1150239 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 280RE UT WOS:000085115100039 ER PT J AU Avera, W Kooney, T Bibee, LD Mang, R Mozley, EC Reynaud, J AF Avera, W Kooney, T Bibee, LD Mang, R Mozley, EC Reynaud, J TI Towed electric field source for oceanographic surveys SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Broad Band Transmitter Permits Arbitrary Waveform Generation in Shallow Ocean Surveys of Bottom Electrical Properties With Potential Applications To Coastal Mineral Exploration. C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. SPAWAR, San Diego, CA USA. Mississippi State Univ, Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Avera, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 41 IS 2 BP 47 EP + PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 292VN UT WOS:000085816000006 ER PT J AU Brown, A Zolper, JC AF Brown, A Zolper, JC TI Special issue - Proceedings of the workshop on wide bandgap bipolar devices - January 24-28, 1999 - Marriott Bay Point Resort Village - Panama City Beach, FL - Preface SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 44 IS 2 BP 193 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(99)00223-3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 286GC UT WOS:000085434400001 ER PT J AU Collins, MD AF Collins, MD TI A special issue on Parabolic Equation Methods - Foreword SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; APPROXIMATION; ACOUSTICS; MEDIA; FORMULATION; MIGRATION; ROUGH C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(99)00037-2 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 282DX UT WOS:000085202500001 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Kuperman, WA McDonald, BE Siegmann, WL AF Collins, MD Kuperman, WA McDonald, BE Siegmann, WL TI Parabolic equation modeling of azimuthally advected gravity waves SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article ID COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9; ACOUSTICS; JUPITER; IMPACT AB An adiabatic mode solution is derived for azimuthally advected gravity waves. Horizontal variations in the medium are assumed to be sufficiently gradual so that the coupling of energy between modes can be neglected. The wind speed is assumed to be small relative to the wave speed. The mode coefficients satisfy the same horizontal wave equation for both gravity and acoustic waves, which satisfy three-dimensional wave equations that are fundamentally different. The horizontal wave equation can be solved efficiently with the parabolic equation method. The adiabatic mode solution is used to model the propagation of gravity waves in the atmosphere of Jupiter. (C)2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Saclant Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Collins, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(99)00040-2 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 282DX UT WOS:000085202500004 ER PT J AU Fredricks, AJ Siegmann, WL Collins, MD AF Fredricks, AJ Siegmann, WL Collins, MD TI A parabolic equation for anisotropic elastic media SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; SELF-STARTER; APPROXIMATIONS AB A parabolic equation for anisotropic elastic media is derived and implemented. The wave equation is formulated in a special set of variables so chat the operator is second-order in depth and factors into a product of incoming and outgoing operators. The coordinate axes are assumed to be aligned with the principal axes of the transversely isotropic medium, in which the wave speeds depend on the vertical propagation angle but not the azimuthal propagation angle. A separation of variables solution is used to confirm the accuracy of the parabolic equation solution, which is efficient for nonseparable problems. (C)2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Fredricks, AJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 282DX UT WOS:000085202500005 ER PT J AU Lingevitch, JF Collins, MD AF Lingevitch, JF Collins, MD TI Estimating elastic sediment properties with the self-starter SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article ID INVERSION AB The self-starter is implemented by the method of undetermined coefficients for ocean acoustics problems involving elastic sediment layers. This approach is efficient when the ocean bottom can be approximated by a relatively small number of homogeneous layers. For many problems, the self-starter only requires on the order of 10 wave number samples to provide accurate solutions at ranges on the order of 10 wavelengths. The geoacoustic inverse problem can be solved in nearly real time with this approach, which can generate on the order of a thousand forward solutions per second on the current generation of desk-top computers. (C)2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lingevitch, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 282DX UT WOS:000085202500007 ER PT J AU McDonald, BE AF McDonald, BE TI High-angle formulation for the nonlinear progressive-wave equation model SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article ID PULSE-PROPAGATION AB The nonlinear progressive-wave equation (NPE) model has been reformulated for wider propagation angle accuracy. The wide angle NPE results from range-integrating the second order time domain nonlinear wave equation rather than reducing it to a first order equation in time as in the original NPE. The numerical implementation of the second order NPE retains two time levels rather than one. The resulting model is refered to as NPE2. Benchmark tests reveal RMS errors in the model are reduced by nearly a factor of 10 for moderately high propagation angles as compared to errors in similar tests of the first order NPE. (C)2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Saclant Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP McDonald, BE (reprint author), Saclant Undersea Res Ctr, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(99)00044-X PG 7 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 282DX UT WOS:000085202500008 ER PT J AU Mills, MJ Collins, MD Lingevitch, JF AF Mills, MJ Collins, MD Lingevitch, JF TI Two-way parabolic equation techniques for diffraction and scattering problems SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES AB Two-way parabolic equation techniques are based on replacing normal derivatives with one-way operators on scattering surfaces and iterating for the solution. This approach is extended to diffraction and scattering problems involving perfectly reflecting boundaries. Accuracy is demonstrated for the Sommerfeld diffraction problem. Two-way parabolic equation solutions are also presented for problems involving a diffraction grating, scattering in a waveguide, and diffraction of surface gravity waves by a seawall. (C)2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mills, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD FEB PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(99)00045-1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 282DX UT WOS:000085202500009 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Jonsson, H AF Hegg, DA Jonsson, H TI Aerosol number-to-volume relationship and relative humidity in the eastern Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SENSITIVITY; PARTICLES; CLOUD; OCEANS AB Measurements acquired from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Pelican research aircraft during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 2) are analyzed to derive values for the dry (RH = 40%) aerosol number-to-volume ratio in the submicron size range. This ratio is found to be relatively constant, with a mean value of 168 +/- 21 mu m(-3), in agreement with previous studies elsewhere. The impact of ambient relative humidity (RH) on the dry number-to-volume is also quantified and a procedure for estimating the dry from the ambient ratio established. Finally, the feasibility of a remote retrieval of the aerosol number concentration in the submicron size range, essentially the cloud condensation nucleus concentration active at a nominal 0.2% supersaturation, is partially assessed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu; hjonsson@nps.navy.mil NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D2 BP 1987 EP 1995 DI 10.1029/1999JD901037 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280DF UT WOS:000085086400009 ER PT J AU Tutein, AB Stuart, SJ Harrison, JA AF Tutein, AB Stuart, SJ Harrison, JA TI Role of defects in compression and friction of anchored hydrocarbon chains on diamond SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LENGTH DEPENDENCE; AU(111); SURFACE; SCALE; ALKANETHIOLS; TRIBOLOGY; THIOLS AB The classical molecular dynamics simulations presented here examine the compression and friction of monolayers composed of linear hydrocarbon chains with 8, 13, or 22 carbon atoms that are chemically bound (or anchored) to a diamond (111) substrate. The roles structural defects and their formation play in compression, friction, and energy dissipation processes are examined. The number of defects increases under increasing load, reaching a plateau at a specified Toad. Defects are also clearly implicated in the energy dissipation associated with sliding friction. The friction is found to be highest in shorter chains and disordered surfaces, in agreement with previous atomic force microscopy studies. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Harrison, JA (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Stuart, Steven/H-1111-2012 NR 36 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 25 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1021/la991225u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 276RA UT WOS:000084890100003 ER PT J AU Glazounov, AE Zhang, QM Kim, C AF Glazounov, AE Zhang, QM Kim, C TI Torsional actuator based on mechanically amplified shear piezoelectric response SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE torsional actuator; shear strain; piezoelectric ceramics; nonlinearity; reliability ID ULTRASONIC MOTOR; TRANSDUCER; CERAMICS AB A torsional actuator, based on the concept of mechanical amplification of piezoelectric shear strain and capable of generating large angular displacement, was proposed and studied experimentally. The actuator is a tube consisting of an even number of the segments poled along the length, which are adhesively bonded together, and the joints act as electrodes to apply the driving voltage. The experimental data measured on the prototype actuators (i) prove the proposed concept of mechanical amplification of small piezoelectric shear strain to generate large torsional motion, (ii) show that the actuator functions well both without load and under the torque load and (iii) demonstrate that the actuator can operate continuously for a long period of time without drop in its performance. Also, the results demonstrated that the proposed torsional actuator is capable of producing both large torque and large angular displacement in a compact package, sufficient to meet many smart structures requirements. and can be tailored for a variety of application requirements. Finally, one of the obvious advantages of the present design of the actuator is its simplicity: the piezoelectric shear strain is transformed directly into the angular displacement, whereas in the previously reported actuators, the conversion mechanism into the torsional motion was rather complicated which thus required a sophisticated design of the whole system. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zhang, QM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD JAN 25 PY 2000 VL 79 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0924-4247(99)00250-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 277LP UT WOS:000084935300004 ER PT J AU Boyer, LL Stokes, HT Mehl, MJ AF Boyer, LL Stokes, HT Mehl, MJ TI Calculation of polarization using a density functional method with localized charge SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC DEFORMATION MODEL; CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS AB A density functional method, which represents the total charge density as a sum of self-consistently determined localized densities, is described. While this approach is generally less accurate than conventional band-structure methods, it offers a relatively simple interpretation of polarization and related properties. The method is illustrated with results for NaCl, MgO. and AIP. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 4 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.709 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 276RT UT WOS:000084891700033 ER PT J AU Ngai, KL Magill, JH Plazek, DJ AF Ngai, KL Magill, JH Plazek, DJ TI Flow, diffusion and crystallization of supercooled liquids: Revisited SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ROTATIONAL DIFFUSION; O-TERPHENYL; T-G; TRANSITION; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS; MOTION; PROBES AB Within the last five years, investigators using NMR and forced Raleigh scattering techniques have found that the Stokes-Einstein (S-E) relation breaks down in supercooled liquids. It has been pointed out that the shear viscosity has a significantly stronger temperature dependence than either the self-diffusion coefficient, D(T), or the translational diffusion coefficient of tracer molecules of comparable size (not shape) to the host liquid. These observations confirm our results on trinaphthylbenzene (TNB) and 1,2 diphenylbenzene (OTP), published in a series of papers more than 30 years ago. An analysis of crystal growth rate measurements on these materials demonstrated that the transport-dominated crystal growth rate, G(')(T), exhibited a weaker temperature dependence than the shear viscosity, eta(T). Where the expression G(T) = f(T)/eta(T) is often substituted for the more basic growth rate relationship G(T) = D(T)f(T). We showed that this practice (often used) is invalid. Here, f(T) is a nucleation/growth free energy term. Reexamination of our earlier work has shown that the extent of the S-E "breakdown," as revealed by crystal growth rate data, is consistent with the answers that are now provided by modern NMR and forced Rayleigh scattering techniques. Employing the derivative procedure of Stickel and co-workers to fit our TNB viscosity data over more than 15 orders of magnitude, requires an Arrhenius temperature dependence at high temperatures, a "crossover" to a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse dependence at some temperature T-A, and a further "crossover" to another Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse form at a lower temperature, T-B. Below T-B a disparity occurs between the temperature dependences of the transport-dominated crystal growth rate and viscosity. Where our old and the recent results coincide, the techniques represent or measure similar parameters. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)50504-2]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15361 USA. RP Ngai, KL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 22 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1063/1.480752 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 274QF UT WOS:000084776000029 ER PT J AU Diener, P Jansen, N Khokhlov, A Novikov, I AF Diener, P Jansen, N Khokhlov, A Novikov, I TI Adaptive mesh refinement approach to the construction of initial data for black hole collisions SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID FLUID-DYNAMICS AB The initial data for black hole collisions are constructed using a conformal-imaging approach and a new adaptive mesh refinement technique, a fully threaded tree (FTT). We developed a second-order accurate approach to the solution of the constraint equations on a non-uniformly refined high-resolution Cartesian mesh including second-order accurate treatment of boundary conditions at the black hole throats. FTT-based mesh refinement reduced memory and computer time requirements by several orders of magnitude compared to a uniform grid and allowed the construction of accurate initial data sets on Cartesian meshes. Test computations show quadratic convergence of the solutions with increasing numerical resolution. C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Theoret Astrophys Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Copenhagen Univ Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Ctr Astro Space, Moscow 117810, Russia. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Diener, P (reprint author), Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Novikov, Igor/N-5098-2015 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD JAN 21 PY 2000 VL 17 IS 2 BP 435 EP 451 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/17/2/312 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 281KN UT WOS:000085159100015 ER PT J AU Schuhle, U Curdt, W Hollandt, J Feldman, U Lemaire, P Wilhelm, K AF Schuhle, U Curdt, W Hollandt, J Feldman, U Lemaire, P Wilhelm, K TI Radiometric calibration of the vacuum-ultraviolet spectrograph SUMER on the SOHO spacecraft with the B detector SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER SUMER; TELESCOPE AB The Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) vacuum-ultraviolet spectrograph was calibrated in the laboratory before the integration of the instrument on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft in 1995. During the scientific operation of the SOHO it has been possible to track the radiometric calibration of the SUMER spectrograph since March 1996 by a strategy that employs various methods to update the calibration status and improve the coverage of the spectral calibration curve. The results for the A Detector were published previously [Appl. Opt. 36, 6416 (1997)]. During three years of operation in space, the B detector was used for two and one-half years. We describe the characteristics of the B detector and present results of the tracking and refinement of the spectral calibration curves with it. Observations of the spectra of the stars alpha and rho Leonis permit an extrapolation of the calibration curves in the range from 125 to 149.0 nm. Using a solar coranal spectrum observed above the salar disk, we can extrapolate the calibration curves by measuring emission line pairs with well-known intensity ratios. The sensitivity ratio of the two photocathode areas can be obtained by registration of many emission lines in the entire spectral range on both KBr-coated and bare parts of the detector's active surface. The results are found to be consistent with the published calibration performed in the laboratory in the wavelength range from 53 to 124 nm. We can extrapolate the calibration outside this range to 147 nm with a relative uncertainty of +/-30% (1 sigma) for wavelengths longer than 125 nm and to 46.5 nm with 50% uncertainty for the short-wavelength range below 53 nm. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.5630, 120.6200,300.6190, 300.6540. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Paris 11, UM CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Schuhle, U (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM schuehle@linmpi.mpg.de RI Hollandt, Jorg/A-2124-2014 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1364/AO.39.000418 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 275UC UT WOS:000084837700008 PM 18337910 ER PT J AU Stewart, SG Fanelli, MN Byrd, GG Hill, JK Westpfahl, DJ Cheng, KP O'Connell, RW Roberts, MS Neff, SG Smith, AM Stecher, TP AF Stewart, SG Fanelli, MN Byrd, GG Hill, JK Westpfahl, DJ Cheng, KP O'Connell, RW Roberts, MS Neff, SG Smith, AM Stecher, TP TI Star formation triggering mechanisms in dwarf galaxies: The far-ultraviolet, H alpha, and HI morphology of Holmberg II SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : individual (DDO 50); stars : formation; ultraviolet : galaxies ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; IMAGING TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL-SYNTHESIS; CONSTELLATION-III; OB ASSOCIATIONS; EMISSION-LINE; REGIONS; GAS AB Far-ultraviolet (FUV), H alpha, and H I observations of dwarf galaxy Holmberg II are used to investigate the means by which star formation propagates in galaxies lacking global internal triggering mechanisms such as spiral density waves. The observations trace the interaction between sites of massive star formation and the neutral and ionized components of the surrounding ISM in this intrinsically simple system. Both local and large-scale triggering mechanisms related to massive star formation are seen, suggesting that feedback from massive stars is a microscopic process operating in all galaxies to a certain degree. The data emphasize the importance of local conditions in regulating star formation from evidence such as massive stars inside ionized shells, compact H II regions surrounding aging clusters, and stars formed in chains of progressing age. Surface brightness profiles show that current activity correlates with the time-averaged level of past star formation at a given radius demonstrating a reliance on local conditions. Large-scale triggering by H I shells is supported by observations of progenitor populations as well as secondary sites of star formation associated with their dense rims. Analysis of the energy available from massive stars inside H I shells indicates that energy deposited into the ISM from supernovae and stellar winds is sufficient to account for the H I morphology. Ages of individual star-forming regions are derived using B, H alpha, and FUV photometry and show both older, diffuse FUV regions and younger, compact H II regions. The distribution of ages is reconciled with the H I morphology, showing a clear preference of young regions for areas of dense H I and old regions for H I voids. Global kinematical properties may also play a role in the star formation process since differences in the rotation characteristics of the neutral gas disk correlate with differences in triggering mechanisms. Large-scale feedback from massive stars is shown to operate in regions that lack differential shear in the gas disk. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Hughes STX, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stewart, SG (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 73 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 529 IS 1 BP 201 EP 218 DI 10.1086/308241 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 284LW UT WOS:000085334700021 ER PT J AU Katz-Stone, DM Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW O'Donnell, R AF Katz-Stone, DM Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW O'Donnell, R TI Spatial variations of the synchrotron spectrum within Tycho's supernova remnant (3C 10): A spectral tomography analysis of radio observations at 20 and 90 centimeter wavelengths SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal radio continuum : general; supernova remnants; supernovae : individual (Tycho) ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SHOCK ACCELERATION; COSMIC-RAYS; EXPANSION; ORIGIN AB We present subarcminute-resolution (approximate to 10 "), high-dynamic range radio observations of Tycho's supernova remnant (3C 10) at lambda = 20 cm and lambda = 90 cm with the Very Large Array (VLA). The thermal-noise-limited 90 cm image has been compensated properly for the noncoplanar characteristics of the VLA and is the most sensitive low-frequency image of this source presently available. We use these images to search for spatial variations in the continuum radio spectral index within the remnant. Such spatial variations should be related to the electron acceleration processes associated with the evolution of the blast wave. We have also utilized, for the first time in an analysis of a supernova remnant, spectral tomography to search for localized regions within which the spectral index is different from the surroundings. We have identified 13 filaments, ranging in size from approximate to 40 " to approximate to 260 ", embedded in a smoother, background component. The average spectral index of the filaments ([alpha] = -0.52 +/- 0.02) is consistent with that of the background component ([alpha] = -0.500 +/- 0.007). However, the filaments in the outer rim show a trend such that brighter filaments have a flatter spectral index. This trend may be due to either supernova remnant (SNR) blast wave-ambient medium interactions or internal inhomogeneities of the magnetic field within the remnant. These hypotheses could be tested by an image at comparable resolution and fidelity at a third frequency. C1 USN Acad, Phys Dept 9C Annapolis, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Katz-Stone, DM (reprint author), USN Acad, Phys Dept 9C Annapolis, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 529 IS 1 BP 453 EP 462 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 284LW UT WOS:000085334700040 ER PT J AU Doschek, GA Feldman, U AF Doschek, GA Feldman, U TI Extreme-ultraviolet spectral line widths in quiet-Sun coronal plasmas at distances of 1.03 <= R circle dot <= 1.45 along the solar equatorial plane SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : profiles; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID SUMER TELESCOPE; SPECTROMETER; SOHO AB We measure the full width at half-maximum intensity (FWHM) of extreme-ultarviolet (EUV) spectral line profiles as a function of height in the Sun's equatorial west limb streamer region using EUV spectra recorded by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. The spectra were recorded on 1996 November 21 and 22, during a special "roll" maneuver in which the SUMER slit was oriented in the east-west direction. Because the SUMER spectrometer is stigmatic along the slit length, the spectra are spatially resolved in the east-west direction. The spectra we discuss cover an effective distance range outside the west limb from 1.03 to 1.45 R.; the maximum spatial resolution is 1 ". We select a group of emission lines for analysis that under the usual ionization equilibrium assumption have maximum fractional abundances at temperatures ranging from 3 x 10(5) up to 2 x 10(6) K. We determine nonthermal motions as a function of position in the streamer region from the FWHMs under the assumption that the ion temperature equals the electron temperature of the streamer plasma. The electron temperature was derived previously by Feldman and coworkers. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Doschek, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 529 IS 1 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1086/308244 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 284LW UT WOS:000085334700052 ER PT J AU Reiner, MJ Kaiser, ML Plunkett, SP Prestage, NP Manning, R AF Reiner, MJ Kaiser, ML Plunkett, SP Prestage, NP Manning, R TI Radio tracking of a white-light coronal mass ejection from solar corona to interplanetary medium SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : flares; Sun : radio radiation ID II BURSTS; WIND SPACECRAFT; SHOCKS; WAVES AB For a solar flare/coronal mass ejection (CME) event on 1999 May 3, type II radio emissions were observed from the metric through the hectometric wavelength regimes. By comparing the dynamics of the CME with that implied by the frequency range and frequency drift rates of the type II radio emissions, it is concluded that the decametric-hectometric type IT radio emissions were associated with the CME. The dynamics implied by the metric type II radio burst suggest a distinct coronal shock, associated with the flare, which only produced radio emissions in the low corona. C1 Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Culgoora Solar Observ, IPS Radio & Space Serv, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. Observ Paris, DESPA, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Reiner, MJ (reprint author), Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 529 IS 1 BP L53 EP L56 DI 10.1086/312446 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 284LX UT WOS:000085334800014 ER PT J AU Schiestel, S Qadri, SB Carosella, CA Stroud, RM Knies, DL AF Schiestel, S Qadri, SB Carosella, CA Stroud, RM Knies, DL TI X-ray characterization of germanium nanoclusters in silica thin films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE X-ray diffraction; germanium nanoclusters; silica thin films; ion beam assisted deposition ID NANOCRYSTALS AB Ge nanoclusters in silica films were prepared either by electron beam evaporation of germanium and silica (PVD) or by evaporation and simultaneous ion bombardment (IBAD), both followed by post-deposition annealing. The two preparation methods are compared regarding the resulting cluster size and size distribution. The cluster size was calculated from the FWHM of different diffraction peaks. These results were compared for some selected films with high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Clusters from 20 to 300 Angstrom were observed. A correlation between cluster size and the Ge concentration is seen. The concentration of Ge in the IBAD films depends on sputtering that is arrival rate (Ge/SiO2) dependent. The IBAD films showed smaller Ge cluster sizes and narrower size distributions than the PVD films. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Schiestel, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6373,3555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008 OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JAN 19 PY 2000 VL 69 SI SI BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(99)00414-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 288YK UT WOS:000085591900073 ER PT J AU Stoiber, M Schiestel, S Carosella, CA Stroud, RM Grabowski, KS AF Stoiber, M Schiestel, S Carosella, CA Stroud, RM Grabowski, KS TI Germanium nanoclusters in silica thin films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE Germanium nanoclusters; silica thin films; physical vapor deposition; ion-beam-assisted deposition ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; METAL NANOCLUSTERS AB We have characterized the properties of Ge nanoclusters in silica films. The films are grown by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD): by co-deposition of Ge and SiO2 with and without the presence of an argon ion beam. The IBAD process affects the development and ultimate morphology of the nanoclusters. Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and index of refraction measurements give the volume fraction of Ge nanoclusters in the silica films and quantify the effects of sputtering on the ultimate film composition. At a Ge/SiO2 arrival rate greater than or equal to 0.8, SiO2 is preferentially sputtered; at lower arrival rates Ge is preferentially sputtered. Absorption measurements are used to deduce the effective band gap of the Ge nanoclusters and the growth of the nanoclusters with annealing. X-ray diffraction studies and transmission electron microscopy confirm that the IBAD processing accelerates the growth of the Ge nanoclusters at low annealing temperatures and inhibits the ultimate size of the nanoclusters. as compared to clusters in those films grown by PVD. Photoluminescence of the Ge-silica films is examined for the IBAD and PVD cases. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Stoiber, M (reprint author), Univ Leoben, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. RI Stroud, Rhonda/C-5503-2008; OI Stroud, Rhonda/0000-0001-5242-8015; Grabowski, Kenneth/0000-0003-0816-001X NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JAN 19 PY 2000 VL 69 SI SI BP 468 EP 473 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(99)00413-4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 288YK UT WOS:000085591900087 ER PT J AU Rice, JK Wyatt, JR Pasternack, L AF Rice, JK Wyatt, JR Pasternack, L TI Selective catalytic activity toward hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in mixed oxides of manganese and copper SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE hopcalite; manganese oxide; copper oxide; selective catalytic oxidation; hydrofluorocarbons; refrigerants ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION AB We report selective activity of an oxidative catalyst made of manganese and copper oxides toward two ozone-safe refrigerants, HFC-236fa (CF3CH2CF3), and HFC-134a (CF3CFH2). These refrigerants are among those in a new class which contain hydrogen and fluorine substituents rather than fluorine and chlorine. This catalyst is generally non-specific and is used to oxidize carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and a variety of hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds in heated burners, however, its activity toward refrigerants has been unpredictable. For our application, the catalyst is used in a heated burner in the closed-air environment on board submarines. in the process of optimizing the burner conditions for maximal activity toward airborne hydrocarbon contaminants and minimal activity toward refrigerants, we discovered enhanced and selective oxidative decomposition of these refrigerants in a group of recently-formulated catalyst lots which were manufactured with a higher percentage of 'fines'. We attribute the increase in oxidative decomposition to an increase in adsorption of the refrigerants on the recently-formulated catalyst. We also observed some enhancement of activity toward CO on the recently-formulated catalyst. in addition to absorption isotherm measurements, we present several characterizations of the catalysts including scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rice, JK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Code 6110, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD JAN 17 PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0926-3373(99)00098-3 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 274TR UT WOS:000084781600004 ER PT J AU Bewley, WW Lee, H Vurgaftman, I Menna, RJ Felix, CL Martinelli, RU Stokes, DW Garbuzov, DZ Meyer, JR Maiorov, M Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH AF Bewley, WW Lee, H Vurgaftman, I Menna, RJ Felix, CL Martinelli, RU Stokes, DW Garbuzov, DZ Meyer, JR Maiorov, M Connolly, JC Sugg, AR Olsen, GH TI Continuous-wave operation of lambda=3.25 mu m broadened-waveguide W quantum-well diode lasers up to T=195 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICE AB Mid-infrared (lambda = 3.25 mu m) broadened-waveguide diode lasers with active regions consisting of 5 type-II "W" quantum wells operated in continuous-wave (cw) mode up to 195 K. At 78 K, the threshold current density was 63 A/cm(2), and up to 140 mW of cw output power was generated. A second structure with ten quantum wells operated up to 310 K in pulsed mode. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02403-7]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vurgaftman, I (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5613, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 3 BP 256 EP 258 DI 10.1063/1.125739 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 272WZ UT WOS:000084675100002 ER PT J AU Kim, H Gilmore, CM Horwitz, JS Pique, A Murata, H Kushto, GP Schlaf, R Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB AF Kim, H Gilmore, CM Horwitz, JS Pique, A Murata, H Kushto, GP Schlaf, R Kafafi, ZH Chrisey, DB TI Transparent conducting aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films for organic light-emitting devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPRAY PYROLYSIS; LASER-ABLATION; ZNO; DEPOSITION AB Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films (similar to 3000 Angstrom) with low electrical resistivity and high optical transparency have been grown by pulsed-laser deposition on glass substrates without a postdeposition anneal. Films were deposited at substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400 degrees C in O-2 partial pressures ranging from 0.1 to 50 mTorr. For 3000-Angstrom-thick AZO films grown at room temperature in an oxygen pressure of 5 mTorr, the electrical resistivity was 8.7 x 10(-4) Omega cm and the average optical transmittance was 86% in the visible range (400-700 nm). For 3000-Angstrom-thick AZO films deposited at 200 degrees C in 5 mTorr of oxygen, the resistivity was 3.8 x 10(-4) Omega cm and the average optical transmittance in the visible range was 91%. AZO films grown at 200 degrees C were used as an anode contact for organic light-emitting diodes. The external quantum efficiency measured from these devices was about 0.3% at a current density of 100 A/m(2). (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02603-6]. C1 George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Murata, Hideyuki/J-8453-2012 OI Murata, Hideyuki/0000-0001-8248-9652 NR 22 TC 356 Z9 385 U1 8 U2 111 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 3 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.1063/1.125740 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 272WZ UT WOS:000084675100003 ER PT J AU Borema, T Blivin, S AF Borema, T Blivin, S TI Comments on vasectomy closure techniques SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL 33214 USA. RP Borema, T (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, 2080 Child St, Jacksonville, FL 33214 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 305 EP 305 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 278KV UT WOS:000084989700002 PM 10670496 ER PT J AU Clenney, T Higgins, JC AF Clenney, T Higgins, JC TI Comments on vasectomy closure techniques - Reply SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter C1 USN, Med Clin, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RP Clenney, T (reprint author), USN, Med Clin, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 BP 307 EP 308 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 278KV UT WOS:000084989700005 ER PT J AU Gopalswamy, N Lara, A Lepping, RP Kaiser, ML Berdichevsky, D St Cyr, OC AF Gopalswamy, N Lara, A Lepping, RP Kaiser, ML Berdichevsky, D St Cyr, OC TI Interplanetary acceleration of coronal mass ejections SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CLOUDS AB Using an observed relation between speeds of CMEs near the Sun and in the solar wind, we determine an "effective" acceleration acting on the CMEs. We found a linear relation between this effective acceleration and the initial speed of the CMEs. The acceleration is similar to that of the slow solar wind in magnitude. The average solar wind speed naturally divides CMEs into fast and slow ones. Based on the relation between the acceleration and initial speed, we derive an empirical model to predict the arrival of CMEs at 1 AU. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20740 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gopalswamy, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Bldg 26,Room G1,Mailcode 682-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gopalswamy, Nat/D-3659-2012; OI Lara, Alejandro/0000-0001-6336-5291 NR 16 TC 287 Z9 295 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 2 BP 145 EP 148 DI 10.1029/1999GL003639 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 275FA UT WOS:000084807700002 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Rich, NB AF Wang, YM Sheeley, NR Rich, NB TI Evolution of coronal streamer structure during the rising phase of solar cycle 23 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; OUTER CORONA; ORIGIN; FIELD AB White-light images of the outer corona recorded with the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) show a rapid widening of the streamer belt during 1998 and early 1999. The observed streamer structure and its evolution from rotation to rotation are reproduced with a model in which the Thomson-scattering electrons are concentrated within a narrow layer centered around the heliospheric current sheet. The latitudinal spreading of the streamer belt is shown to be a consequence of the increased rate of magnetic flux emergence in the sunspot latitudes, which led to a weakening of the Sun's axisymmetric dipole moment, to a rapid growth in the nonaxisymmetric components of the coronal field, and hence to a strong tilting and warping of the plasma/current sheet. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Interferometr Inc, Chantilly, VA USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 2 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1029/1999GL010698 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 275FA UT WOS:000084807700003 ER PT J AU Huba, JD Joyce, G Fedder, JA AF Huba, JD Joyce, G Fedder, JA TI The formation of an electron hole in the topside equatorial ionosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this letter we report new modeling results that show the formation of an electron hole (depletion) in the topside equatorial ionosphere. The reduction in the electron density occurs in the altitude range 1500 - 2500 km at geomagnetic equatorial latitudes. The hole is produced by transhemispheric O+ flows that collisionally couple to H+ and transport it to lower altitudes, thereby reducing the electron density at high altitudes. The transhemispheric O+ flows are caused by an interhemispheric pressure anisotropy that can be generated by the neutral wind, primarily during solstice conditions. The formation of the electron hole has a seasonal and longitudinal dependence. This result has been found with a new low-latitude ionospheric model that has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory: SAMI2 (Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sachs Freeman Associates Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. RP Huba, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6790, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 2 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1029/1999GL010735 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 275FA UT WOS:000084807700011 ER PT J AU Fahroo, F Demetriou, MA AF Fahroo, F Demetriou, MA TI Optimal actuator/sensor location for active noise regulator and tracking control problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE active noise control; optimal location of sensors and actuators; output feedback; linear quadratic tracking ID ENCLOSED SOUND FIELDS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; MINIMIZATION AB In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding the optimal location of sensors and actuators to achieve reduction of the noise field in an acoustic cavity. We offer two control strategies: the first is based on linear quadratic tracking where the offending noise is tracked, and the second considers the formulation of the harmonic control strategy as a periodic static output feedback control problem. The first method, which is based on full state information, is suitable for optimal location of actuators while the second strategy can extend the results to finding optimal location of sensors as well as actuators. For both methods we consider the optimization of an appropriate quadratic performance criterion with respect to the location of the actuators and/or the sensors. Numerical examples are presented to compare the effectiveness of each control strategy and also the effect of optimal placement of actuators and sensors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Demetriou, MA (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.navy.mil; mdemetri@wpi.edu NR 24 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 114 IS 1 BP 137 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0377-0427(99)00293-9 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 271KG UT WOS:000084592300011 ER PT J AU Chereskin, TK Morris, MY Niiler, PP Kosro, PM Smith, RL Ramp, SR Collins, CA Musgrave, DL AF Chereskin, TK Morris, MY Niiler, PP Kosro, PM Smith, RL Ramp, SR Collins, CA Musgrave, DL TI Spatial and temporal characteristics of the mesoscale circulation of the California Current from eddy-resolving moored and shipboard measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TRANSITION ZONE; CURRENT SYSTEM; POLEWARD FLOW; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; DRIFTER; OCEAN; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS AB Moored observations of currents and temperatures made in the upper 600 m on eddy-resolving scales over a 2-year period are used to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the California Current mesoscale circulation. The observations were made at three principal longitudes: 124 degrees W, 126 degrees W, and 128 degrees W in the vicinity of Point Arena. They bracket the 600-km-wide band of high mesoscale variability found along the eastern boundary of the North Pacific. At all locations, the mesoscale variability was larger than the mean flow, and the spatial modes of variability as determined from empirical orthogonal function analysis consisted of an alongshore mode, a cross-shore mode, and a rotational mode. Observations made near the continental slope (124 degrees W) were dominated by the poleward flowing California Undercurrent, with mesoscale eddies and meanders superposed. The nearshore eddy kinetic energy peaked in a band centered around 60 days. Observations made at 128 degrees W, near the offshore boundary between the energetic mesoscale band and the "eddy desert" of the northeast Pacific, were characterized by small means, fewer eddy events, and a peak in eddy kinetic energy at 120-180 days. The good horizontal resolution of the current meter arrays allowed us to estimate the relative vorticity, horizontal divergence, and Rossby number and therefore to evaluate the relative strength and occurrence of anticyclones and cyclones. We found the mesoscale eddy field to be strongly nonlinear, with Rossby numbers ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. All of the eddies observed at the offshore site were nonlinear, deep, warm anticyclones. Shipboard hydrography revealed the origin of one of these anticyclones to be the California Undercurrent, and this eddy retained its strong anomalies after several months and several hundred kilometers of propagation. Despite the lower incidence of eddies as one moves west from the coast, the eddies that we observed offshore provide evidence for propagation and transport of properties from the coast to the central North Pacific across the California Current System. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Chereskin, TK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C1 BP 1245 EP 1269 DI 10.1029/1999JC900252 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 275CW UT WOS:000084802700019 ER PT J AU Haus, JW Hayduk, M Kaechele, W Shaulov, G Theimer, J Teegarden, K Wicks, G AF Haus, JW Hayduk, M Kaechele, W Shaulov, G Theimer, J Teegarden, K Wicks, G TI A mode-locked fiber laser with a chirped grating mirror SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE modelocked lasers; optical fibers; nonlinear waves ID SATURABLE ABSORBER; LOCKING; PULSES AB A novel fiber laser was built using a multiple-quantum well mode-locking element and a chirped fiber grating to balance dispersion and nonlinearity. Energetic pulses as short as 2 ps were generated in the cavity and propagated in a fiber to determine the pulse characteristics. Laser cavity modeling and pulse propagation simulations are in good agreement with experiments. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tyco Submarine Syst Ltd, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Haus, JW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00692-6 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 280ZA UT WOS:000085132600026 ER PT J AU Mehl, MJ AF Mehl, MJ TI Occupation-number broadening schemes: Choice of "temperature" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; ALUMINUM AB Band-structure calculations frequently use an occupation-number broadening method to approximate integrals involving the electronic density of states. The underlying assumptions of these techniques are frequently unstated and can lead to erroneous results. In particular, a sampling of recent papers shows that very few authors check the behavior of the integrals as a function of the broadening parameter ("temperature"). The correct temperature for one calculation may not be correct for another calculation in the same system. This paper uses a tight-binding calculation of the elastic constants in Niobium as an example of what can happen when the broadening parameter is not carefully applied. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mehl, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Comp Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 3 BP 1654 EP 1657 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.1654 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 291VW UT WOS:000085760200006 ER PT J AU Bachmaier, K Krawczyk, C Kozieradzki, I Kong, YY Sasaki, T Oliveira-dos-Santos, A Mariathasan, S Bouchard, D Wakeham, A Itie, A Le, J Ohashi, PS Sarosi, I Nishina, H Lipkowitz, S Penninger, JM AF Bachmaier, K Krawczyk, C Kozieradzki, I Kong, YY Sasaki, T Oliveira-dos-Santos, A Mariathasan, S Bouchard, D Wakeham, A Itie, A Le, J Ohashi, PS Sarosi, I Nishina, H Lipkowitz, S Penninger, JM TI Negative regulation of lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity by the molecular adaptor Cbl-b SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; MICE; PROTOONCOGENE; TOLERANCE; ANTIGENS; KINASE; TISSUE; BINDS; VAV AB The signalling thresholds of antigen receptors and co-stimulatory receptors determine immunity or tolerance to self molecules(1). Changes in co-stimulatory pathways can lead to enhanced activation of lymphocytes and autoimmunity, or the induction of clonal anergy(2). The molecular mechanisms that maintain immunotolerance in vivo and integrate co-stimulatory signals with antigen receptor signals in T and B lymphocytes are poorly understood. Members of the Cbl/Sli family of molecular adaptors function downstream from growth factor and antigen receptors(3-5). Here we show that gene-targeted mice lacking the adaptor Cbl-b develop spontaneous autoimmunity characterized by auto-antibody production, infiltration of activated T and B lymphocytes into multiple organs, and parenchymal damage. Resting cbl-b(-/-) lymphocytes hyperproliferate upon antigen receptor stimulation, and cbl-b(-/-) T cells display specific: hyperproduction of the T-celI growth factor interleukin-2, hut not interferon-gamma or tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Mutation of Cbl-b uncouples T-cell proliferation, interleukin-2 production and phosphorylation of the GDP/GTP exchange factor Vav1 from the requirement for CD28 costimulation. Cbl-b is thus a key regulator of activation thresholds in mature lymphocytes and immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. C1 Univ Toronto, Amgen Inst, Ontario Canc Inst, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Amgen Inst, Ontario Canc Inst, Dept Immunol, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Ontario Canc Inst, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Ontario Canc Inst, Dept Immunol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Amgen Inc, Dept Pathol, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. NCI, Med Branch, Dept Genet, Naval Hosp, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Penninger, JM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Amgen Inst, Ontario Canc Inst, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada. RI Penninger, Josef/I-6860-2013; Bachmaier, Kurt/B-6331-2014 OI Penninger, Josef/0000-0002-8194-3777; Bachmaier, Kurt/0000-0002-0299-2707 NR 23 TC 429 Z9 453 U1 1 U2 17 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 13 PY 2000 VL 403 IS 6766 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 275TB UT WOS:000084835300059 PM 10646608 ER PT J AU Gizis, JE Monet, DG Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Burgasser, AJ AF Gizis, JE Monet, DG Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Burgasser, AJ TI Two nearby M dwarf binaries from the Two Micron All Sky Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; solar neighbourhood; infrared : stars ID SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS; MULTIPLICITY; NEIGHBORHOOD; SEQUENCE AB We report the discovery of two binary M dwarf systems in the immediate solar neighbourhood using the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). The first is an M6.5 companion to the nearby G star HD 86728 (Gl 376). The known properties of HD 86728 indicate that the M dwarf (Gl 376B) is old, metal-rich and only 14.9 parsec away. The M dwarf is highly active, with both H alpha and X-ray emission. Thus, Gl 376B offers the opportunity to study an old, bright, active M dwarf with known metallicity, age and luminosity. We show that it is probable that Gl 376B is itself an unresolved pair. The other system consists of an M6.5 and an M8 dwarf with 14.5 arcsec separation. We estimate a distance of similar to 16 parsec for this very low-mass pair. Stronger activity is observed in the M6.5 dwarf, supporting evidence that chromospheric activity is weakening near the hydrogen-burning limit. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gizis, JE (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2000 VL 311 IS 2 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03060.x PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 272UV UT WOS:000084670100016 ER PT J AU Raines, SN Watson, DM Pipher, JL Forrest, WJ Greenhouse, MA Satyapal, S Woodward, CE Smith, HA Fischer, J Goetz, JA Frank, A AF Raines, SN Watson, DM Pipher, JL Forrest, WJ Greenhouse, MA Satyapal, S Woodward, CE Smith, HA Fischer, J Goetz, JA Frank, A TI Large proper-motion infrared [Fe II] emission-line features in GGD 37 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : general; ISM : Herbig-Haro objects; ISM : individual (GGD 37); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; STAR-FORMATION REGION; CEPHEUS-A; FORMING REGION; OUTFLOWS; CEP AB We report the detection of proper motions in [Fe Ir] 1.644 mu m emission among the southeasternmost features in the Herbig-Haro object complex GGD 37. Imaging observations were made over a period of 5 yr, at epochs 1993.67, 1996.71, and 1998.68, that reveal proper-motion velocities of 400 +/- 200 km s(-1) at GGD 37:W2 and 850 +/- 200 km s(-1) at a newly identified object, designated GGD 37:RWPF 1. We believe the proper-motion velocity of GGD 37:RWPF 1 is the highest found to date for a Herbig-Haro object. The direction of GGD 37: RWPF 1's proper motion is almost due west, away from the nearby young stellar object complex in Cep A East. GGD 37:W2's direction of proper motion is north/northwest, which does not lead back to any of the compact objects in Cep A East. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, CEK Mees Observ, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Infrared Observ, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Coll Wooster, Dept Phys, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Raines, SN (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 528 IS 2 BP L115 EP L118 DI 10.1086/312427 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282GW UT WOS:000085210700015 ER PT J AU Kidwell, DA Lee, EH DeLauder, SF AF Kidwell, DA Lee, EH DeLauder, SF TI Evidence for bias in hair testing and procedures to correct bias SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Meeting of the Society-of-Hair-Testing CY JUN 14-16, 1999 CL MARTIGNY, SWITZERLAND SP Soc Hair Testing DE hair testing; bias; cocaine; surrogates; permeability; dyes ID SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES; DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES; INCORPORATION RATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COCAINE BINDING; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; DRUG-ABUSERS; METABOLITES; CONTAMINATION; URINE AB A number of in vitro experiments show that different hair samples incorporate differing amounts of drugs under identical conditions. Incorporation of cocaine and morphine tends to be correlated with race, in that the hair of African American females incorporates higher concentrations of cocaine than does the hair of Caucasian males or females. Extrapolation of these data into populations has been fraught with difficulties because the dosages of drugs and their use patterns are unknown. Cosmetic treatments and hygiene alter drug binding, which must be considered in comparing populations because cosmetic treatments are often group dependent. Four reasons are proposed that account for the uptake and retention of drugs by hair and that may differ among groups: (1) permeability and other characteristics of the hair due to genetic influences, (2) cosmetic hair treatments and hair care habits (which may be culturally influenced), (3) drug removal during personal hygiene, and (4) manner and route of drug administration which can affect passive exposure to residual drugs in the environment. The data supporting bias in hair testing are reviewed and methods are proposed that use either the uptake of dyes or the incorporation of drug homologs to reduce bias. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Kidwell, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 39 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00148-6 PG 23 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 278QC UT WOS:000084999600005 PM 10689561 ER PT J AU DeLauder, SF Kidwell, DA AF DeLauder, SF Kidwell, DA TI The incorporation of dyes into hair as a model for drug binding SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Meeting of the Society-of-Hair-Testing CY JUN 14-16, 1999 CL MARTIGNY, SWITZERLAND SP Soc Hair Testing DE inaccessible regions; dyes; fluorescence; hair analysis; diffusion; external contamination ID TESTING HUMAN-HAIR; EXTERNAL CONTAMINATION; COCAINE; ABUSE; MECHANISMS; METABOLITE; FIBERS AB The binding of charged substances from external aqueous media to hair has been investigated through the use of fluorescence microscopy. Eleven hair samples, reflecting various ethnic groups and cosmetic treatments, were tested, Rhodamine 6G, a cationic dye representative of drugs such as cocaine and opiates, showed incorporation throughout the hair of all samples except one. In contrast, fluorescein, an anionic dye representative of drugs such as THC carboxylic acid, was not readily incorporated. The incorporation of rhodamine 6G was faster for chemically 'straightened' and bleached African-American female hair than for untreated hair. Incorporation of rhodamine 6G followed a pH dependence, but an ionic strength dependence could not be established. These studies support three postulates: (1) electrostatic interactions explain the preferential binding of cationic drugs of abuse to hair; (2) the hair matrix, or the non-helical portion of hair, is accessible to external solutions and thus subject to contamination; and (3) cosmetic treatments may alter the helical portion of hair thereby increasing its accessibility to external contamination. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27707 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeLauder, SF (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27707 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00153-X PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 278QC UT WOS:000084999600008 PM 10689564 ER PT J AU Barsoum, RGS AF Barsoum, RGS TI Interdisciplinary computational mechanics - some computational problems in naval ship design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ship structures; damage assessment; shock response; weapons effects; optimization AB This paper addresses the future directions of computational mechanics in Naval ship design. It discusses future capabilities in sea loads, ship reliability, ship response and damage assessment due to underwater explosion and shock, and optimization of naval ships for structural and signature control. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Off Naval Res, Ship Struct & Syst Div, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Barsoum, RGS (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Ship Struct & Syst Div, 800 N Qunincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 47 IS 1-3 BP 729 EP 734 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 276FG UT WOS:000084864500033 ER PT J AU Shou, YP Martelli, ML Gabrea, A Qi, Y Brents, LA Roschke, A Dewald, G Kirsch, IR Bergsagel, PL Kuehl, WM AF Shou, YP Martelli, ML Gabrea, A Qi, Y Brents, LA Roschke, A Dewald, G Kirsch, IR Bergsagel, PL Kuehl, WM TI Diverse karyotypic abnormalities of the c-myc locus associated with c-myc dysregulation and tumor progression in multiple myeloma SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-CELL LEUKEMIA; CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS; INCREASED EXPRESSION; LINES; GENE; AMPLIFICATION; PROTOONCOGENE; ACTIVATION; REGIONS; REVEAL AB Translocations involving c-myc and an Ig locus have been reported rarely in human multiple myeloma (MM). Using specific fluorescence in situ hybridization probes, we show complex karyotypic abnormalities of the c-myc or L-myc locus in 19 of 20 MM cell lines and approximately 50% of advanced primary MM tumors. These abnormalities include unusual and complex translocations and insertions that often juxtapose myc with an IgH or IgL locus. For two advanced primary MM tumors, some tumor cells contain a karyotypic abnormality of the c-myc locus, whereas other tumor cells do not, indicating that this karyotypic abnormality of c-myc occurs as a late event. All informative MM cell lines show monoallelic expression of c-myc. For Burkitt's lymphoma and mouse plasmacytoma tumors, balanced translocation that juxtaposes c-myc with one of the Ig loci is an early, invariant event that is mediated by B cell-specific DNA modification mechanisms. By contrast, for MM, dysregulation of c-myc apparently is caused principally by complex genomic rearrangements that occur during late stages of MM progression and do not involve B cell-specific DNA modification mechanisms. C1 USN Hosp, Natl Canc Inst, Dept Genet, Med Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Mayo Clin, Cytogenet Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Cornell Univ, New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med,Div Hematol Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kuehl, WM (reprint author), USN Hosp, Natl Canc Inst, Dept Genet, Med Branch, Bldg 8,Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Bergsagel, Peter/A-7842-2011 OI Bergsagel, Peter/0000-0003-1523-7388 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA74265] NR 43 TC 193 Z9 197 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 4 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 1 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1073/pnas.97.1.228 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 271ZA UT WOS:000084624500043 PM 10618400 ER PT J AU Herrera, PL Harlan, DM Vassalli, P AF Herrera, PL Harlan, DM Vassalli, P TI A mouse CD8 T cell-mediated acute autoimmune diabetes independent of the perforin and Fas cytotoxic pathways: Possible role of membrane TNF SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PANCREATIC BETA-CELLS; TRANSGENIC MICE; FACTOR-ALPHA; DEFICIENT MICE; HASHIMOTOS-THYROIDITIS; LYMPHOTOXIN-ALPHA; GRAVES-DISEASE; KILLER-CELLS; NOD MICE AB Double transgenic mice [rat insulin promoter (RIP)-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and RIP-CD80] whose pancreatic beta cells release TNF and bear CD80 all develop an acute early (6 wk) and lethal diabetes mediated by CD8 T cells. The first ultrastructural changes observed in beta cells, so far unreported, are focal lesions of endoplasmic reticulum swelling at the points of contact with islet-infiltrating lymphoblasts, followed by cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, apoptosis, Such double transgenic mice were made defective in either the perforin, Fas, or TNF pathways. Remarkably, diabetes was found to be totally independent of perforin and Fas. Mice lacking TNF receptor (TNFR) II had no or late diabetes, but only a minority had severe insulitis, Mice lacking the TNF-lymphotoxin (LT alpha) locus (whose sole source of TNF are the beta cells) all had insulitis comparable to that of nondefective mice, but no diabetes or a retarded and milder form, with lesions suggesting different mechanisms of injury. Because both TNFR II and TNF-LT alpha mutations have complex effects on the immune system, these data do not formally incriminate membrane TNF as the major T cell mediator of this acute autoimmune diabetes; nevertheless, in the absence of involvement of the perforin or Fas cytotoxic pathways, membrane TNF appears to be the likeliest candidate. C1 Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Morphol, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. USN, NIDDK, Navy Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Herrera, PL (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Morphol, 1 Rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. NR 49 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 4 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 1 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1073/pnas.97.1.279 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 271ZA UT WOS:000084624500052 PM 10618409 ER PT S AU Nogueira, JC Luqi Bhattacharya, S AF Nogueira, JC Luqi Bhattacharya, S GP IEEE IEEE TI A risk assessment model for software prototyping projects SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP 2000) CY JUN 21-23, 2000 CL UNIV PIERRE & MARIE CURIE, PARIS, FRANCE SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Test Technol HO UNIV PIERRE & MARIE CURIE AB Software prototyping processes have contributed to develop cheaper faster and more reliable products. However, despite the advances in technology, little progress has been done in improving the management of software prototyping development projects. Research shows that 45 percent of all the causes for delayed software deliveries are related to organizational issues [1]. This paper addresses the risk assessment issue, introducing metrics and a model that carl be integrated with prototyping development processes. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Nogueira, JC (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 2 Univ Circle, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-0668-2 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2000 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1109/IWRSP.2000.855182 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ79K UT WOS:000089530700005 ER PT S AU Luqi Berzins, V Ge, J Shing, M Auguston, M Bryant, B Kin, B AF Luqi Berzins, V Ge, J Shing, M Auguston, M Bryant, B Kin, B GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI DCAPS - Architecture for distributed computer aided prototyping system SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RAPID SYSTEM PROTOTYPING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP 01) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat AB This paper describes the architecture for the distributed CAPS system (DCAPS). The system accomplishes distributed software prototyping with legacy module reuse. Prototype System Description Language (PSDL), the prototyping language, is used to describe real-time software in the DCAPS system. PSDL specifies not only real-time constraints, but also the connection and interaction among software components. Automatic generation of software wrappers and glue is applied for the normalization of data transfer between legacy systems. Implementation of the DCAPS communication layer is based on the JavaSpaces(TM) library. DCAPS supports collaborative prototype design in a distributed environment. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Luqi (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1074-6005 BN 0-7695-1207-0 J9 P IEEE RAP SYST PROT PY 2000 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT51F UT WOS:000173181100016 ER PT S AU Meadows, C AF Meadows, C GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Invariant generation techniques in cryptographic protocol analysis SO 13TH IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings-Computer Security Foundations Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop CY JUL 03-05, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, Techn Comm Secur & Privacy ID AUTHENTICATION AB The growing interest in the application of formal methods of cryptographic protocol analysis has led to the development of a number of different variations that are defined in terms of what messages an intruder can and cannot learn. These invariants, which can be used to prove authentication as well as secrecy results, appear to be central to many different tools and techniques. However, since they are usually developed independently for different systems, it is often not easy to see what they have in common with each other or to tell whether or not they can be used in systems other than the ones for which they are developed. In this paper we attempt to remedy this situation by giving an overview of several of these techniques, discussing their relationships to each other, and developing a simple taxonomy. We also discuss some of the implications for future research. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Meadows, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5543, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM meadows@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6900 BN 0-7695-0671-2; 0-7695-0672-0 J9 P IEEE CSFW PY 2000 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1109/CSFW.2000.856934 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BQ53N UT WOS:000088673600014 ER PT S AU Volpano, D AF Volpano, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Secure introduction of one-way functions SO 13TH IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SECURITY FOUNDATIONS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop CY JUL 03-05, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, Techn Comm Secur & Privacy AB Conditions are given under which a one-way function can be used safely iii a programming language. The secu rity proof involves showing that secrets cannot be leaked easily by any program meeting the conditions unless breaking the one-way function is easy. The result is applied to a password system where passwords are stored in a public file as images under a one-way function. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Volpano, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6900 BN 0-7695-0672-0 J9 P IEEE CSFW PY 2000 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1109/CSFW.2000.856941 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BQ53N UT WOS:000088673600021 ER PT S AU Patrick, HJ AF Patrick, HJ BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI Self-aligning, bipolar bend transducer based on long period grating written in eccentric core fiber SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE AB A long period grating-based bend sensor featuring direct bend sensitivity along with linear, bipolar curvature response is demonstrated. The sensor can be aligned for optimum sensitivity using the slight intrinsic curvature of the eccentric core fiber. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5675, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300007 ER PT S AU Todd, MD Vohra, ST Johnson, GA AF Todd, MD Vohra, ST Johnson, GA BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI Assessments of grating-based system performance characteristics in practical structural applications SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE AB Fiber Bragg grating-based sensor systems utilizing different wavelength shift detection schemes have-been reported with various ranges of performance characteristics. This work considers sensor count requirements and strain resolution requirements through studies involving two damage scenarios. Such sensitivity studies result in limiting requirements for system deployment in structural applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Todd, MD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 158 EP 161 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300042 ER PT S AU Johnson, GA Althouse, BL Todd, MD AF Johnson, GA Althouse, BL Todd, MD BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI A system for high-frequency and quasi-static fiber Bragg grating interrogation SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE ID STRAIN-SENSOR AB A method for tracking interferometer drift is presented, enabling the development of a system for interrogating fiber Bragg gratings both for very low-frequency measurements and for applications requiring sampling rates into the kilohertz range. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Johnson, GA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 182 EP 185 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300048 ER PT S AU Koo, KP Vohra, ST AF Koo, KP Vohra, ST BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI A novel interferometric wavelength shift detection scheme with enhanced resolving power SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE AB We report a novel interferometric wavelength shift detection scheme with enhanced resolving power by incorporating a fiber chirped Bragg grating reflector in a short coherence length interferometric receiver and achieved a wavelength resolution of 0.6x10(-15) m/root Hz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Koo, KP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300074 ER PT S AU Moeller, RP Patrick, HJ AF Moeller, RP Patrick, HJ BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI LPG wavelength compensated, polarized, amplified, reduced RIN, broadband fiber optic source for precision fiber optic gyroscopes SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE ID HIGH-POWER; NOISE AB We demonstrate a two-stage, polarized, RIN-reduced fiber source which delivers 200 mW at 1.5 microns with 24.4 nm bandwidth. A long period grating reduces the temperature dependence of the centroid wavelength to < 0.2 picometers/C. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moeller, RP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 356 EP 359 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300087 ER PT S AU Friebele, EJ AF Friebele, EJ BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI Optical fiber sensors for spacecraft applications SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Friebele, EJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 575 EP 575 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300140 ER PT S AU Vohra, ST Chang, CC AF Vohra, ST Chang, CC BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI High sensitivity fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors utilizing polymer coatings SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE AB We report high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors. Temperature sensitivity of 175 pm/degreesC and a resolution of 0.002 degreesC rms is reported. A shear-lag strain transfer model is utilized to optimize the sensor's thermal responsivity. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Vohra, ST (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5670, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 584 EP 587 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300143 ER PT S AU LeBlanc, M Kirkendall, C Dandridge, A AF LeBlanc, M Kirkendall, C Dandridge, A BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI Acoustic sensing using free and transducer-mounted fiber Bragg gratings SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE ID SENSOR AB The frequency response of a free Bragg grating to an acoustic field is compared to a grating attached to a compliant mandrel. The results demonstrate the unsuitability of a free grating for hydrophone applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP LeBlanc, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 5674, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 592 EP 595 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300145 ER PT S AU Posey, R Johnson, GA Vohra, ST AF Posey, R Johnson, GA Vohra, ST BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI Rayleigh scattering based distributed sensing system for structural monitoring SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE ID OPTICAL-FIBER; BACKSCATTERING AB A variable spartial aperture, high resolution distributed strain sensor is reported based on coherent Raleigh backscattering in optical fiber. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Posey, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5673,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 678 EP 681 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300162 ER PT S AU Chang, CC Johnson, G Althouse, B Vohra, S AF Chang, CC Johnson, G Althouse, B Vohra, S BE Mignani, AG Lefevre, HC TI Measurement of pavement response with buried fiber Bragg grating based soil pressure transducers SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors CY OCT 11-13, 2000 CL VENICE, ITALY SP CNR ARF, CNR IROE, IIC, Assoc Elettrotecn & Elettron Italiana, Assoc Italiana Sensori & Microsistemi, European Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton, IEE, IOP, SPIE AB We report on results from a field test involving pavement embedded fiber Bragg grating pressure transducers. Data from the test is compared to theoretically predicted stress distribution in soil as obtained from the Boussinesq equation. C1 USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Grp, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chang, CC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Fiber Opt Smart Struct Grp, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3848-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4185 BP 876 EP 879 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BR74S UT WOS:000167396300211 ER PT B AU Allard, RA Miles, K Earle, MD AF Allard, RA Miles, K Earle, MD GP AMS AMS TI The Integrated Ocean Project SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Allard, RA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7322, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 54 EP 57 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS03Y UT WOS:000168410800016 ER PT B AU Lee, TF Kent, J AF Lee, TF Kent, J GP AMS AMS TI Use of a "composer" form to speed the creaton of online satellite meteorology tutorials SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Lee, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 416 EP 417 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS03Y UT WOS:000168410800125 ER PT B AU Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, JF Richardson, KL Sampson, C Tag, PM Bankert, RL Kent, JE AF Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, JF Richardson, KL Sampson, C Tag, PM Bankert, RL Kent, JE GP AMS AMS TI Worldwide Navy satellite meteorology applications via the Internet SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hawkins, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 474 EP 477 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS03Y UT WOS:000168410800142 ER PT S AU Auyeung, RCY Wu, HD Modi, R Pique, A Fitz-Gerald, JM Young, HD Lakeou, S Chung, R Chrisey, DB AF Auyeung, RCY Wu, HD Modi, R Pique, A Fitz-Gerald, JM Young, HD Lakeou, S Chung, R Chrisey, DB BE Miyamoto, I Sugioka, K Sigmon, TW TI Matrix assisted laser transfer of electronic materials for direct write applications SO 1ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LASER PRECISION MICROFABRICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication CY JUN 14-16, 2000 CL OMIYA, JAPAN SP Japan Laser Processing Soc, Inst Phys & Chem Res, SPIE, USAF, Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Saitama Fdn Culture & Ind, High Temp Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Precis Engn, Japan Welding Engn Soc, Japan Welding Soc, Laser Soc Japan, Osaka Univ, Collaborat Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol DE direct write; laser forward transfer; matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE); matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE-DW); rapid prototyping; electronics devices AB A novel laser-based direct-write technique, called Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Direct Write (MAPLE-DW), has been developed for the rapid prototyping of electronic devices. MAPLE-DW is a maskless deposition process operating under ambient conditions which allows for the rapid fabrication of complex patterns of electronic materials. The technique utilizes a laser transparent substrate with one side coated with a matrix of the materials of interest mixed with an organic vehicle. The laser is focussed through the transparent substrate onto the matrix coating which aids in transferring the materials of interest to an acceptor substrate placed parallel to the matrix surface. With MAPLE-DW, diverse materials including metals, dielectrics, ferroelectrics, ferrites and polymers have been transferred onto various acceptor substrates. The capability for laser-modifying the surface of the acceptor substrate and laser-post-processing the transferred material has been demonstrated as well. This simple yet powerful technique has been used to fabricate passive thin film electronic components such as resistors, capacitors and metal lines with good functional properties. An overview of these key results along with a discussion of their materials and properties characterization will be presented. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Auyeung, RCY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6372, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3731-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4088 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1117/12.405735 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR57D UT WOS:000166833700087 ER PT B AU Sprangle, P AF Sprangle, P BE Liu, S Shen, X TI Laser driven electron acceleration SO 2000 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves CY SEP 12-15, 2000 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Sci Fdn China, Chinese Inst Electr, Univ Electr Sci & Technol China, IEEE MTT ID INVERSE AB Issues pertaining to laser acceleration in vacuum, neutral gases and plasmas are discussed. For acceleration in vacuum the limitations due to electron slippage, laser diffraction, material damage and electron aperture effects are discussed. To achieve multi GeV electron energies in the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) it is necessary to propagate an intense laser pulse long distances in a plasma without disruption. It is shown that electron energies of similar to GeV in a channel guided LWFA can be achieved by using short pulses where the forward Raman and modulation nonlinearities tend to cancel. Further energy gain can be achieved by tapering the plasma density to reduce electron dephasing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sprangle, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6513-5 PY 2000 BP 103 EP 104 DI 10.1109/ICIMW.2000.892954 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR44B UT WOS:000166423000044 ER PT B AU Sartwell, BD Legg, K Bretz, PE AF Sartwell, BD Legg, K Bretz, PE GP AESF AESF AESF TI Status of HCAT/JG-PP program on replacement of hard chrome plating with HVOF thermal spray coatings on landing gear SO 2000 AEROSPACE/AIRLINE PLATING & METAL FINISHING FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Aerospace/Airline Plating and Metal Finishing Forum CY MAR 27-29, 2000 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Electroplaters & Surface Finishers Soc AB The Department of Defense tri-service/industry Hard Chrome Alternatives Team (HCAT) and Joint Group on Pollution Prevention (JGPP) are collaborating on executing a program to qualify HVOF thermal spray coatings as a replacement for hard chrome plating in the manufacturing and repair of aircraft landing gear. The Canadian Department of National Defence and Industry Canada are also partners in this effort. A joint test protocol (JTP) has been prepared and approved by the stakeholder organizations, including OEMs and government organizations. Included in the JTP Are material tests such as fatigue, wear, corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement and impact, and operational tests on actual components. Results will be presented for a substantial amount of the material testing as well as the results of a rig test on the Navy F/A-18 E/F main landing gear containing several HVOF-coated components and the status of flight testing on Navy P3 and E-6A aircraft containing HVOF-coated landing gear components. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sartwell, BD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6170,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SURFACE FINISHERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA PY 2000 BP 131 EP 139 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW96V UT WOS:000183794500017 ER PT B AU Burt, E Swanson, T Ekstrom, C AF Burt, E Swanson, T Ekstrom, C BE Hunter, J Johnson, L TI Priliminary results from the USNO cesium fountain atomic clock SO 2000 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2000) CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Bur Weights & Measures, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Res Council Canada, Union Radio Sci Int, CSIRO, Natl Measurement Lab, Natl Facil, Ind Sci Resources, Ind Res Ltd, Nat Assoc Testing Authorities, Stand Australia, Natl Stand Commiss, Joint Accreditat Syst Australia & New Zealand, Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Measurement Stand, ITRI, Fluke Corp, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Conf Stand Labs, Oxford Instruments, Prema Prazisionselektron, Metrol Soc Australia, Texas Instruments, TransGrid AB Tn this paper we discuss a cesium fountain atomic clock that we have built at the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO). At the time of this writing we have completed the assembly of the device and expect to report on its characteristics soon. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5744-2; 0-7803-5745-0 PY 2000 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ82P UT WOS:000089712400006 ER PT B AU Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Stokes, DW Jurkovic, MJ Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Menna, RJ Martinelli, RU Garbuzov, DZ Connolly, JC Maiorov, M Sugg, AR Olsen, GH AF Bewley, WW Felix, CL Vurgaftman, I Bartolo, RE Stokes, DW Jurkovic, MJ Lindle, JR Meyer, JR Yang, MJ Lee, H Menna, RJ Martinelli, RU Garbuzov, DZ Connolly, JC Maiorov, M Sugg, AR Olsen, GH GP IEEE IEEE TI Mid-IR broadened-waveguide and angled-grating distributed feedback (alpha-DFB) "W" quantum well lasers SO 2000 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 25-28, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID BOND HEAT SINKING C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bewley, WW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Lindle, James/A-9426-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6260-8 PY 2000 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR46J UT WOS:000166520900062 ER PT B AU Welch, TB Wood, JN McFarlin, RW Schulze, LK Flaherty, TP CarloneHanson, SG Cahill, RJ Foran, RA AF Welch, TB Wood, JN McFarlin, RW Schulze, LK Flaherty, TP CarloneHanson, SG Cahill, RJ Foran, RA GP IEEE IEEE TI Very near ground RF propagation measurements for wireless systems SO 2000 IEEE 51ST VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Vehicular Technology Conference CY MAY 15-18, 2000 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE, NTT, Panasonic, Mitsubishi, DDI, Denso, Japan Radio Co Ltd, NGK Spark Publ Co Ltd, Nokia, Agilent Technol, Cybernet Syst, Fujitsu, Toshiba, Tu-ka, IDO, Denki Kogyo Co Ltd, Toyo Corp, Ericsson, Kokusai Elect, HP Invent, SEI, Motorola, Kyocera, KDD, Lucent Technol, Nurata Mfg Co Ltd, Advantest, OKI, Hitachi, NEC, J-Phone, AKM, Sony, Inritsu, Sanyo, SPC Electr, Toyocom AB Using a forward control channel of two different base stations as the signal source, we measure the effects associated with placing a cellular/PCS handheld transceiver very near the ground. A significant decrease in signal strength occurs when a system user drops from a standing to a lying position. As much as a 10.9 dB decrease in signal strength can result. This effect occurs with either a weak or strong specular signal component. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Welch, TB (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 105 Maryland Ave,MS-14B, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5718-3 PY 2000 BP 2556 EP 2558 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ74X UT WOS:000089401500516 ER PT S AU Locksley, RH Rice, CB AF Locksley, RH Rice, CB GP IEEE IEEE TI Establishing a program for applying Earned Value Metrics to flight test SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Improving efficiency and decreasing costs are becoming more important as the pressure to procure aircraft weapons systems more quickly and at a lower cost increases. The current tool of choice for tracking program efficiency is Earned Value Management (EVM), which provides indices of cost and schedule performance against an agreed upon baseline for task completion. This paper discusses methods that will be used by the H-1 Upgrades Flight Test Team to implement an EVM scheme to track the efficiency of the flight test program We will define EVM, discuss, compare the merits of existing metrics for flight test, and propose a database management approach. Bounding the problem and expected metrics are discussed. Finally we will present a methodology for uniformly planning for contingencies and unknown-unknowns so as to permit success to be declared within a work package even in the face of technical challenges. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Test & Evaluat Engn Grp, Aircraft Div,Rotary Wing Mission Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Locksley, RH (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Test & Evaluat Engn Grp, Aircraft Div,Rotary Wing Mission Syst Div, 22755 Saufley Rd, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98F UT WOS:000165245400001 ER PT S AU Jahn, S Miller, G AF Jahn, S Miller, G GP IEEE IEEE TI Development and testing of the F/A-18 replacement MIL-STD-1760 umbilical SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The U.S. Navy F/A-18 aircraft currently uses a generic weapon umbilical cable with the new MIL-STD-1760 interface weapons. The existing cable has been shown problematic during weapon separation/integration testing and general fleet use. Modification of the existing cable was not feasible so redesign was required for replacement. The goals of the replacement cable design were to fix the specific problem areas of the existing cable as well as improving overall performance and service life. The service life goals for the umbilical were to be suitable for reuse for at least 25-30 releases. Naval Air Warfare Center - Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) 4.11.2 developed a testing approach for qualification of the umbilical and to credibly assess service performance potential,without specific airborne release tests. The qualification effort is discussed from an overall perspective as well as details of the lightning testing of the connector, static and ejection resting, and captive flight testing of the cable. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Jahn, S (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Hgr 201 Suite 1A,21960 Nickles Rd,Unit 4, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98F UT WOS:000165245400002 ER PT S AU Hatcher, S Samuels, M AF Hatcher, S Samuels, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Early involvement of operational test: Value added for the CH-60S/SH-60R SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Traditionally, procurement of new weapons systems involves a serial approach to testing. After successfully completing a series of Developmental Tests (DT), culminating in Technical Evaluation (TECHEVAL), system configurations are fixed and delivered to the Operational Test (OT) agency. A full-rate production decision and fleet introduction occur following a successful Operational Evaluation (OPEVAL). However, if OPEVAL produces less than favorable conclusions regarding the system's effectiveness and suitability, the system is redesigned and subsequent DT and OT tests are pet-formed. Acquisition Reform initiatives have led to innovative means of improving the overall efficiency in conducting DT and OT. This paper begins by addressing the drawbacks associated with the traditional resting approach. Subsequently, advantages and disadvantages of conducting Combined Testing are addressed. Finally, current efforts are discussed and recommendations provided to leverage the success of two major acquisition programs in development for the U.S. Navy, the CH-60S and the SH-GOR Multi-Mission helicopters. C1 USN, Air Stn, Air Test & Evaluat Squadron 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Hatcher, S (reprint author), USN, Air Stn, Air Test & Evaluat Squadron 1, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98F UT WOS:000165245400005 ER PT S AU Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Bovais, C Cochrell, K Burris, HR Ferraro, M Vilcheck, M Mahon, R Goins, K Sokolsky, I Vasquez, J Meehan, T Barbehenn, R Katzer, DS Ikossi-Ansatasiou, K AF Rabinovich, WS Gilbreath, GC Bovais, C Cochrell, K Burris, HR Ferraro, M Vilcheck, M Mahon, R Goins, K Sokolsky, I Vasquez, J Meehan, T Barbehenn, R Katzer, DS Ikossi-Ansatasiou, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Infrared data link using a multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector on a small rotary-wing UAV SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper describes a recent demonstration of an optical data link between a small rotary-wing unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV) and a ground based laser interrogator using the NRL multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector (MRR). MRR systems couple an optical retro-reflector, such as a corner-cube, and an electro-optic shutter to allow two-way optical communications using a laser, telescope and pointer-tracker on only one platform. The NRL MRR uses a semiconductor based multiple quantum well (MQW) shutter capable of modulation rates above 1 Mbps. The MQW modulating retro-reflector has the advantages of being compact, lightweight, and very low power. Up to an order of magnitude in onboard power can be saved using a small array of these devices instead of the RF equivalent. In the demonstration a 400 Kbps optical link to a flying UAV at a range of 100-200 feet was shown The device itself is capable of over 6 Mbps. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rabinovich, WS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98G UT WOS:000165245500012 ER PT S AU Bowles, J Gillis, D Palmadesso, P AF Bowles, J Gillis, D Palmadesso, P GP IEEE IEEE TI New improvements in the ORASIS algorithm SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID VECTOR QUANTIZATION; CALIBRATION; COMPRESSION AB We describe recent improvements to the Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System (ORASIS). The NEMO satellite will use ORASIS as a compression algorithm and first pass analysis algorithm. One improvement concerns the quantization aspect of ORASIS. In this step, the hyperspectral data are put through a process that creates a set of spectra (called exemplars) that represent the entire data set within the specified error tolerance. Each exemplar has a high dimensional "sphere" of influence. Any spectra within that sphere are replaced by a reference to that exemplar. However, the spheres tend to overlap. Results are improved by selection of the optimum exemplar. The second improvement is a method that relates sensor noise characteristics to spectral angle. The noise parameters of the sensor can be used to calculate an error tolerance, for each spectrum, dependent upon spectral shape and intensity. This method provides a physical justification for the error tolerance. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowles, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW,Code 7212, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98G UT WOS:000165245500033 ER PT S AU St Germain, KM Gaiser, PW AF St Germain, KM Gaiser, PW GP IEEE IEEE TI Spaceborne polarimetric microwave radiometry and the Coriolis WindSat system SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 5 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB WindSat is a satellite-based multi-frequency polarimetric microwave radiometer being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory for the U.S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite system (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO). WindSat is designed to test the viability of using polarimetric microwave radiometry to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space, and is the primary payload on the Air Force Coriolis satellite, which is scheduled to launch in December 2001. The WindSat radiometer operates in discrete bands at 6.8, 10.7, 18.7, 23.8, and 37.0 GHz. The 10.7, 18.7 and 37.0 GHz channels are fully polarimetric, while the 6.8 and 23.8 GHz channels are dual polarized only (vertical and horizontal). The space-borne segment of the WindSat program has recently completed the Critical Design Review. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP St Germain, KM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98J UT WOS:000165245800019 ER PT S AU Beale, JK Hess, A AF Beale, JK Hess, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Experiences with A-7E and the AV-8B engine monitoring systems: The good and the ugly SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The A-7E engine monitoring system, (EMS), was designed almost seventeen years ago as a proof of concept system to increase safety and availability, improve reliability and maintainability and to reduce flight hour costs. The system proved so effective that the entire fleet of A-7E's was retrofitted even though it was known that they were going to be retired in seven years. The results were that the accident rate went from an average of eleven per one hundred thousand flight hours to one. The maintenance man-hour per flight hour rate was reduce by 64%. Pilots did not want to fly the airplane without it because of successful in-flight warnings of impending failure. To this day it has been the most successful EMS ever developed. The AV-8B EMS, although designed after the A-7E system, was much less successful. It has been cumbersome to the user and much less effective in performance. It used newer technology but to date has not shown its true potential. There are many reasons for this lack of success with the AV-8B EMS compared to the highly successful A-7E system. These reasons will be explored and documented. New enhancements to the present AV-8B EMS which should very significantly improve system performance, will be presented and discussed. This paper will present the design paths of both systems, explain why one worked so well (The Good) and why one provided minimum benefits and was difficult for the users (The Ugly). This paper will discuss the lessons learned, give specific examples of successes and failures from the benefit perspective, and make recommendations to aid future diagnostic and prognostic systems. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Beale, JK (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000023 ER PT S AU Carico, D Blemel, K AF Carico, D Blemel, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Joint enhanced rotorcraft test and operational capability (JERTOC) for the 21st century SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The JERTOC concept was formulated as one approach to help realize the generic better, faster, cheaper, safer, and smarter criteria applied to test and evaluation (T&E). The JERTOC concept involves testing and evaluating an advanced air vehicle flight test methodology which consist of integrating and validating specific technology programs available in the 21st century. These technology programs focus on aircraft and engine simulation modeling, design, test planning, and rest reporting options to better support acquisition, testing and training in an integrated environment. An initial goal of this program concept is to develop the capability to do analytically in one month what might currently take more than two years of actual air vehicle flight testing. A final goal includes using the capability of a high performance computing (HPC) center to analytically run a helicopter air vehicle test program in one 24 hour period. This advanced capability would not be used to replace actual flight testing, but would be used as a flight test planning tool to help predict flight results, identify potential flight limitations, and improve flight test safety. The initial focus of the JERTOC concept will be on air vehicle model structure validation and on applying collaborative network options to enhance rotorcraft test and evaluation. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Carico, D (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Test & Evaluat Engn, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000025 ER PT S AU Hardman, W Hess, A Sheaffer, J AF Hardman, W Hess, A Sheaffer, J GP IEEE IEEE TI A helicopter powertrain diagnostics and prognostics demonstration SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The SH-60 Helicopter Integrated Diagnostic System (HIDS) program was initiated as a proof-of-concept effort to develop, demonstrate, and integrate available and advanced mechanical diagnostic technologies for propulsion and power drive system monitoring. Included in these technologies were various rule based and model based analysis techniques which were applied to demonstrate and validate various levels of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. These will be discussed. Since spalling of the SE 2205 roller bearing integral inner race is the most common dynamic component cause for gearbox removal in the SH-60, it was tested as part of the HIDS effort. Using this as a case example, diagnostic methods are used to identify the fault, and means of applying prognostics are discussed. Other more recent examples of "seeded faults" will also be discussed as case studies demonstrating various degrees of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Relative rating of the performance of the different analysis techniques evaluated will also be discussed. As used in this paper, prognostics is the capability to provide early detection of the precursor and/or incipient fault condition to a component or sub-element failure condition; and to have the technology and means to manage and predict the progression of this fault condition to component failure. This prognostic philosophy will be further embellished; using examples from the HIDS past and current "seeded fault" data base to define accomplishments and discuss additional demonstration requirements. Finally, a full description, major accomplishments, status and planned efforts for the current Helicopter Transmission Test Facility (HTTF) will be presented. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Propuls & Power Dept, Patuxent River, MD USA. RP Hardman, W (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr Aircraft Div, Propuls & Power Dept, Patuxent River, MD USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 355 EP 365 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000035 ER PT S AU Mimnagh, ML Hardman, W Sheaffer, J AF Mimnagh, ML Hardman, W Sheaffer, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Helicopter drive system diagnostics through multivariate statistical process control SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID CONTROL CHART; T-2 AB The Naval Air Warfare Center has developed a Helicopter Integrated Diagnostic System (HIDS) which performs mechanical diagnostics on a helicopter's drive system. Diagnostic indicators indicative of the mechanical health of the drive system components are derived from vibration data through a combination of statistical and signal processing methods. This paper discusses the application of a multivariate statistical process control technique known as Hotelling's T2 analysis to HIDS diagnostic indicators. Multivariate analysis uses composite function of multiple quality indicators to produce a single, trendable indicator that characterizes the state of the monitored process. A statistically valid method of creating and adjusting an alarm threshold for the resultant composite indicator is inherent in the method. When applied to mechanical diagnostic indicators from helicopter drive system seeded fault tests, the method produced timely and unambiguous fault identification with a reduced number of false alarms as compared to current diagnostic methods. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Machinery Silencing Dept, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Mimnagh, ML (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Machinery Silencing Dept, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 381 EP 415 PG 35 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000038 ER PT B AU Mokole, EL Parent, M Street, TT Tomas, E AF Mokole, EL Parent, M Street, TT Tomas, E GP IEEE IEEE TI RF propagation on ex-USS SHADWELL SO 2000 IEEE-APS CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications CY NOV 06-08, 2000 CL WALTHAM, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, URSI, IEEE VIS, MTT S, IEEE Boston Sect, Appl Microwave & Wireless, Microwave Journal, SPIKE, RFdesign C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mokole, EL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5894-5 PY 2000 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1109/APWC.2000.900165 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR44Y UT WOS:000166443600037 ER PT S AU Coleman, JO AF Coleman, JO GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Generalize higher-order moments in independent component analysis SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In independent component analysis (ICA), random-variable independence is often equated with factorization of the joint moments, expectations of products of powers. This paper shows that many nonpower functions are equally useful: if E[f(X)S(Y)] factors into E[f(X)]E[g(Y)] for every f and g from an independence class, then random variables X and Y are independent. Examples of and sufficient conditions for independence classes are presented for bounded random variables. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coleman, JO (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500039 ER PT S AU Gerlach, K Frey, M AF Gerlach, K Frey, M GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Matrix algebraic selection of ARMA model order SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB A matrix algebraic method of order selection is proposed for ARMA time series modeling for situations in which both inputs and outputs are observed in additive noise with known variances. Such situations include observational studies in which all observations-those of both inputs and outputs-are erred and controlled experiments in which outputs are observed with error while inputs are observed without error. The proposed method is based on the eigenvalue structure of the covariance matrices associated with the observed data and performs well for short, data records at moderate SNRs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gerlach, K (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 556 EP 559 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500140 ER PT S AU Ainsleigh, PL Kehtarnavaz, N AF Ainsleigh, PL Kehtarnavaz, N GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Characterization of transient wandering tones by dynamic modeling of fractional-Fourier features SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID TRANSFORMS; SIGNAL; CHIRP AB A novel approach is presented for characterizing transient wandering tones. These signals ale segmented and approximated as time series with piecewise linear instantaneous frequency and piecewise constant amplitude. Frequency I ate, center frequency, and energy features are estimated in each segment of data using chirped autocorrelations and the fractional Fourier transform. These features ale tracked across segments using linear dynamical models whose parameters are estimated using an expectation-maximization algorithm. A new cross-covariance estimator for adjacent states of the dynamical model is given. The feature extraction/tracking algorithm is used to characterize a measured marine-mammal localization. Application of the representation algorithm to signal classification is discussed. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Ainsleigh, PL (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, 1176 Howell St, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500167 ER PT S AU Baggenstoss, PM AF Baggenstoss, PM GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI A modified Baum-Welch algorithm for hidden Markov models with multiple observation spaces SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID RECOGNITION AB In this paper, a new algorithm based on the Baum-Welch algorithm for estimating the parameters of a hidden Markov model (HMM) is presented. It allows each state to be observed using a different set of features rattler than relying on a common feature set. Each feature set is chosen to be a sufficient statistic for discrimination of the given state from a common "white-noise" state. Comparison of likelihood values is possible through the use of likelihood ratios. The new algorithm is the same in theory as the algorithm based on a common feature set, but without the necessity of estimating high-dimensional probability density functions (PDF's). A simulated data example is provided showing superior performance over the conventional HMM. C1 USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Baggenstoss, PM (reprint author), USN, Undersea Warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 717 EP 720 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500180 ER PT S AU Cay, A McEachen, J AF Cay, A McEachen, J GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Spectral analysis of connection utilization masking in ATM networks SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB "Cell Injection" is a technique for masking Virtual Connection (VC) utilization in ATM networks from third parties by providing a constant or near-constant flow of traffic over the connection. This paper models the cell injection process as a Markov Modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) and discusses both the theoretical and applied aspects of the cell injection approach. Analytic results are compared with measurements of real cell-injected ATM traffic and the effects of injection on the original traffic are summarized. Second order statistics, autocorrelation and power spectral density, of the cell-injected and original streams are used compare and justify these effects. These measurements show that cell injection shifts the power in the mid and high frequency regions towards low frequency regions, which is the dominant factor in queue length distributions. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Adv Networking Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cay, A (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Adv Networking Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 2801 EP 2804 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500702 ER PT S AU Morrow, MG Welch, TB AF Morrow, MG Welch, TB GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI WinDSK: A windows-based DSP demonstration and debugging program SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB Today there is a global need for engineers who are DSP literate. An obvious solution for supplying this need is to educate new engineers. To help educate the next generation of DSP engineers, several powerful and highly versatile DSP boards designed for educational use are offered. The problem with most of these systems is that they lack user-friendly software to demonstrate the capabilities of the DSP boards. Some of the software shipped with these devices has a very steep learning curve, while other packages are still DOS or command line based. Most of today's students are hesitant to approach these impediments to learning without significant motivation. To allow a student's first hardware based DSP experiment to be a positive one, software tools must be provided that are affordable, easy to install, attention getting, Windows based. and feature rich. This paper discusses winDSK;. an object-oriented application program that meets these requirements. C1 USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Morrow, MG (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 3510 EP 3513 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500879 ER PT B AU Hughes, PK Choe, JY AF Hughes, PK Choe, JY GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Overview of Advanced Multifunction RF System (AMRFS) SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techniques Soc, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Commun Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hughes, PK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6345-0 PY 2000 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ72V UT WOS:000089281900002 ER PT B AU Cantrell, BH de Graaf, JW Leibowitz, LM AF Cantrell, BH de Graaf, JW Leibowitz, LM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Digital active-aperture phased-array radar SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techniques Soc, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Commun Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cantrell, BH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6345-0 PY 2000 BP 145 EP 148 DI 10.1109/PAST.2000.858928 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ72V UT WOS:000089281900029 ER PT B AU Wickersham, DJ Pace, PE Styer, D Jenn, DC Vitale, R York, NS AF Wickersham, DJ Pace, PE Styer, D Jenn, DC Vitale, R York, NS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI High resolution DF architectures using a robust symmetric number system encoding SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techniques Soc, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Commun Soc AB A direction finding architecture that implements an innovative number system encoding of phase samples, the robust symmetric number system (RSNS), is described. The RSNS possesses Gray Code properties and provides significant advantages over conventional phase scanning methods and other symmetric number system encoding techniques. The design equations for a RSNS array are presented. Simulation results for a prototype RSNS array sue shown, and its performance compared to previously published results for other number system encoded direction finding architectures. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wickersham, DJ (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Joint Serv Elect Warfare, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6345-0 PY 2000 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1109/PAST.2000.858933 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ72V UT WOS:000089281900034 ER PT B AU Pappert, SA Sun, CK Orazi, RJ Weiner, TE AF Pappert, SA Sun, CK Orazi, RJ Weiner, TE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Microwave fiber optic links for shipboard antenna applications SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techniques Soc, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Commun Soc AB Microwave photonic link technology suitable for shipboard RF antenna applications is presented. High performance narrowband (sub-octave) direct modulation links designed for shipboard GPS and UHF communications antenna remoting are described along with a novel broadband (multi-octave) photonic link linearization approach. C1 USN, SPAWAR Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Pappert, SA (reprint author), USN, SPAWAR Syst Ctr, SSCSD D895,53560 Hull St, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 2 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6345-0 PY 2000 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1109/PAST.2000.858971 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ72V UT WOS:000089281900072 ER PT B AU Matthews, PJ AF Matthews, PJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Photonics for phased array systems SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techniques Soc, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Commun Soc ID TIME-STEERED ARRAY; RECEIVER; ANTENNAS; LINK C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Matthews, PJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5651, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6345-0 PY 2000 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1109/PAST.2000.858972 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ72V UT WOS:000089281900073 ER PT B AU Rao, JBL Cheston, TC Choe, JY Parent, MG Hughes, PK AF Rao, JBL Cheston, TC Choe, JY Parent, MG Hughes, PK GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Phased arrays with sub-array architecture SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techniques Soc, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Commun Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rao, JBL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6345-0 PY 2000 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ72V UT WOS:000089281900096 ER PT B AU Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO AF Scholnik, DP Coleman, JO GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Formulating wideband array-pattern optimization SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL DANA POINT, CA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE, Microwave Theory & Techniques Soc, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Commun Soc AB Custom design of wideband digital array patterns requires a systematic approach to mapping design specifications to a program understandable by optimization engines. We show that, like in the narrowband case, wideband array patterns are closely related to multidimensional FIR filter responses, suggesting the adaptation of powerful and efficient filter design techniques to the array problem. previously reported FIR filter design techniques are then applied to an example array-pattern design. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Scholnik, DP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6345-0 PY 2000 BP 489 EP 492 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ72V UT WOS:000089281900104 ER PT B AU DiClememti, DA Standeven, DL AF DiClememti, DA Standeven, DL GP IEEE IEEE TI Transient suppression of switched power for critical resources aboard DDG 51 class Naval Ships SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB DDG 51 class Naval Ships had been plagued with frequent uncommanded cyclings of fire main valve controllers during automatic bus transfers (ABTs) of 440 Vrms power. The fire main valve controller is one of approximately 90 critical resource controllers aboard ship. Data was acquired aboard ship, analyzed and empirically reproduced at a test facility. A general solution was hypothesized during this testing and subsequently optimized using transient and circuit modeling. The solution has been implemented as a shipset aboard DDG 72 since September 1998 with no reoccurrence of uncommanded cyclings due to ABTs; implementation is planned on all applicable DDG 51 class ships. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Ship Syst Engn Stn, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. RP DiClememti, DA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Ship Syst Engn Stn, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5678-0 PY 2000 BP 421 EP 425 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR58P UT WOS:000166855100079 ER PT B AU Hatfield, MO AF Hatfield, MO GP IEEE IEEE TI A calibration procedure for reverberation chambers SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB This paper documents a calibration procedure for reverberation chambers. The method described was developed as part of an ongoing effort to introduce reverberation chambers into military and commercial standards. This work was conducted in cooperation with both industry and standards organizations. The effort described herein is intended to provide an accurate and economic methodology for calibrating reverberation chambers. The methodology was initially developed and evaluated at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division. Follow-on evaluations were conducted at facilities owned and operated commercially. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Hatfield, MO (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5678-0 PY 2000 BP 621 EP 626 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR58P UT WOS:000166855100114 ER PT B AU Godfrey, EA Kousky, JT AF Godfrey, EA Kousky, JT GP IEEE IEEE TI Measuring the shielding effectiveness of coaxial cables using a reverberation chamber SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2, SYMPOSIUM RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB The measurement of shielding effectiveness of coaxial cables is often limited by the dynamic range of the measurement system. This paper discusses the methods used to establish a dynamic range of 150 dB at 1GHz and 120 dB at 18 GHz, using a small reverberation chamber to measure the shielding effectiveness of coaxial cables. The chamber used had dimensions of 1.8m x 1.2m x 0.8m. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Godfrey, EA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5678-0 PY 2000 BP 627 EP 631 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR58P UT WOS:000166855100115 ER PT S AU Rauscher, C AF Rauscher, C BE Perkins, T TI A tunable X-band active notch filter with low-distortion passband response SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S AB The tunable channelized active notch filter being presented distinguishes itself through its ability to maintain forward signal flow in its three parallel-connected branches without an amplifier in the one branch that determines passband performance, resulting in extremely low signal distortion and very low noise levels at passband frequencies. The practicability of the new approach has been experimentally verified with a filter whose 40-dB-deep notch tunes, with the help of varactors, from 9.5 to 10.5 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rauscher, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000040 ER PT S AU Medberry, JB Biernacki, PD Matthews, PJ AF Medberry, JB Biernacki, PD Matthews, PJ BE Perkins, T TI Range demonstration of an ultra-wideband, continuous, time steered array using a fiber-optic, cascaded grating prism SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S ID DELAY; ANTENNAS; BEAMFORMER AB We demonstrate an ultra-wideband fiber optic true time-delay receive beamformer using a chirped grating architecture of identical, cascaded gratings providing continuous, time-delay of up to 2.4 ns. The beamformer system was built using commercially available components, and is capable of continuous tuning over +/-60 degrees, with an instantaneous bandwidth of 14 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Medberry, JB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5651, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000140 ER PT S AU Clark, TR Currie, M Matthews, PJ AF Clark, TR Currie, M Matthews, PJ BE Perkins, T TI Wide-band analog-digital photonic link with third-order linearization SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S ID FIBER LASER; CONVERTER AB A photonic analog-digital link with third-order distortion suppression is proposed and demonstrated. 1 GSPS photonic sampling and digitization of single- and two-tone signals with digital linearization resulting in >25dB distortion suppression with a 500 MHz instantaneous bandwidth is achieved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Clark, TR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5650, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 691 EP 694 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000161 ER PT S AU Tulchinsky, DA Matthews, PJ AF Tulchinsky, DA Matthews, PJ BE Perkins, T TI Demonstration of a reconfigurable beamformer for simplified 2-D, time-steered arrays SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S ID BEAM FORMER; ANTENNA AB We present the first demonstration of a 2-D, true-time delay, transmit beamformer based on a novel technique that dynamically maps a 1-D beamformer's output onto the input plane of an antenna array producing 2-D steering. This significantly reduces system complexity. The reconfigurable beamformer exhibits squint-free, +/-70 degrees azimuth and elevation steering over 4-20 GHz. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tulchinsky, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 839 EP 842 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000195 ER PT S AU Krowne, CM Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Krowne, CM Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM BE Perkins, T TI Anisotropic permittivity extraction from phase propagation measurements using an anisotropic full-wave Green's function solver for coplanar ferroelectric thin film devices SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S ID LAYERED MEDIA; MATRIX-METHOD AB Here a full-wave spectral domain integral equation technique is used to study double substrate layer coplanar devices with the ferroelectric thin film adjacent to the conductor guiding interfacial surface. The Green's function is used in the anisotropic situation for anisotropic permittivities. In examining specific laboratory data, going from unbiased static electric field to the biased case, the pertmittivity tensor is allowed to go from a unity tensor to a uniaxial one. C1 USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & & Technol Div, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Krowne, CM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Elect Sci & & Technol Div, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 1193 EP 1196 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000279 ER PT S AU Safier, PN Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B AF Safier, PN Abe, DK Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Levush, B BE Perkins, T TI Simulation of noise-power ratio with the large-signal code CHRISTINE SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S AB This paper describes simulations of the noise-power ratio (NPR) for a helix traveling-wave tube (TWT) performed with the large-signal, 1-D, multi-frequency code CHRISTINE. The results indicate that NPR simulations with large-signal codes have the potential to shorten the design phase of TWTs by eliminating the need for repeated build-test cycles to meet a required NPR. C1 USN, Res Lab, SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Safier, PN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, SAIC, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 1249 EP 1252 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000293 ER PT S AU Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM Newman, HS Kim, WJ Honwitz, JS AF Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM Newman, HS Kim, WJ Honwitz, JS BE Perkins, T TI Ferroelectric-ferrite tunable phase shifters SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; CAPACITORS AB Coplanar waveguide transmission lines fabricated on tunable substrates are being developed for use as true time delay phase shifters. We have fabricated such devices on substrates composed of ferroelectric thin films as well as ferroelectric thin films overlaying ferrite films. These ferroelectric thin film CPW transmission lines have exhibited good tuning properties as evidenced by the differential phase shift while maintaining reasonable losses. The ferroelectric-ferrite structures exhibit tuning which is equally dependent on magnetic and electric field biasing. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kirchoefer, SW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 1359 EP 1362 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000318 ER PT S AU Pond, JM AF Pond, JM BE Perkins, T TI Mobius filters and resonators SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S AB Resonator and filter topologies are introduced which rely on the geometric deformation of a guiding structure resulting in the establishment of resonant conditions in more compact structures. Conceptually, the structures are analogous to Mobius strips. The path length of the edge in a Mobius strip is twice an length of the edge of the rectangle deformed In creating the Mobius strip geometry. Analogously, this means the structure can be at resonance even though the length of the line, before deformation, was a half wavelength long. The concept has been demonstrated in planar geometries and in wire-loaded cavity structures. The dual-mode nature of the fundamental resonance is readily apparent. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Pond, JM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 1653 EP 1656 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000387 ER PT S AU Abe, DK Ngo, MT Levush, B Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Chernin, D AF Abe, DK Ngo, MT Levush, B Antonsen, TM Danly, BG Chernin, D BE Perkins, T TI Modeling single- and multi-carrier performance of a helix TWTA with the 1-D parametric code, Christine SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S AB CHRISTINE is a multi-frequency large-signal helix TWT code [1], Code predictions are compared with data from an L-band TWT; in general, the model and data agree to better than 1-dB, demonstrating the code to be a useful tool for TWT design and the development of external linearization techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Abe, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Abe, David/D-7546-2013; Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 1727 EP 1730 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000404 ER PT B AU Ericsen, T AF Ericsen, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Power electronic building blocks - a systematic approach to power electronics SO 2000 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Power-Engineering-Society Summer Meeting CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Power Engn Soc, IEEE C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Ericsen, T (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Code 334, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6420-1 PY 2000 BP 1216 EP 1218 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ74M UT WOS:000089398700231 ER PT B AU Campisi, GJ AF Campisi, GJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Status of silicon carbide power technology SO 2000 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Power-Engineering-Society Summer Meeting CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Power Engn Soc, IEEE C1 Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Campisi, GJ (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 344,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6420-1 PY 2000 BP 1238 EP 1239 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ74M UT WOS:000089398700236 ER PT S AU Irvine, CE Levin, TE AF Irvine, CE Levin, TE GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Is electronic privacy achievable? SO 2000 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON SECURITY AND PRIVACY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P 2000) CY MAY 14-17, 2000 CL BERKELEY, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Secur & Privacy C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Irvine, CE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1081-6011 BN 0-7695-0665-8 J9 P IEEE S SECUR PRIV PY 2000 BP 76 EP 77 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ43R UT WOS:000088358800006 ER PT S AU Bucaro, JA Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Romano, AJ Sarkissian, A Liu, X Morse, S Vignola, J Williams, EG Marcus, MH Sekaric, L AF Bucaro, JA Houston, BH Photiadis, DM Romano, AJ Sarkissian, A Liu, X Morse, S Vignola, J Williams, EG Marcus, MH Sekaric, L BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Moving vibrational measurement techniques, methodologies, and concepts from macroscopic applications to the microworld SO 2000 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc ID OSCILLATORS; FILMS AB The damping in so-called high Q silicon paddle oscillators is considered with emphasis on near room temperature behavior. New measurements of the spatial distribution of oscillator motion using scanning laser doppler vibrometry (LDV) are presented, and these are used to examine the damping caused by energy loss at the attachment of the oscillator to the base structure. Two approaches one based on shape optimization and the other on stop band design - are presented for reducing attachment loss. These studies are then extended to silicon micro-oscillators by using a scanning LDV microscope which we have developed having 2 micron spatial resolutions. The Q's found here, as well as those reported in the literature on other micro-oscillators, are several orders of magnitude below what we estimate based on intrinsic silicon absorption. This, together with the LDV scans which show large motions of the supporting structure, indicates straightforward improvements in the design should result in significant increases in Q. Finally, for micro-oscillators with sufficiently high Q's we examine whether quantum mechanical behavior might be observable through such optical measurements, and we describe progress we have made on a super-resolution LDV using the nearfield of a tapered optical fiber. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bucaro, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-6365-5 J9 ULTRASON PY 2000 BP 513 EP 524 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Industrial; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BT07X UT WOS:000171881300109 ER PT S AU Batra, NK Delsanto, PP Agostini, V Scalerandi, M AF Batra, NK Delsanto, PP Agostini, V Scalerandi, M BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Characterization of adhesively bonded laminates using non-linear acoustics SO 2000 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc ID CONNECTION MACHINE SIMULATION; ULTRASONIC WAVE-PROPAGATION AB Several bonded specimens of glass-glass, composite-composite materials containing various debonds have been fabricated. To characterize these specimens for debonds detection and evaluation, a 5.0 MHz focussed ultrasonic transducer is used to aim an ultrasonic pulse of large amplitude to the bond line. The back-scattered signal is Fourier-analyzed to observe the generation of higher harmonics. The measured non-linearity parameters reveal the presence of classical and/or nonclassical effects, according to the slope of the odd harmonics vs. the amplitude of the driving signal. Mapping of these effects is used to characterize the quality of the interfacial bonding. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Batra, NK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Agostini, Valentina/A-9570-2009; OI Agostini, Valentina/0000-0001-5887-1499; SCALERANDI, MARCO/0000-0003-0809-9976 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-6365-5 J9 ULTRASON PY 2000 BP 767 EP 770 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Industrial; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BT07X UT WOS:000171881300163 ER PT S AU Magno, R Bracker, AS Bennett, BR Twigg, ME Weaver, BD AF Magno, R Bracker, AS Bennett, BR Twigg, ME Weaver, BD GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The effect of defects on InAs/AlSb/GaSb resonant interband tunneling diodes SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 14-18, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIXTRON, EMCORE Corp, IQE, Wafer Technol Ltd ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Defect phenomena, that impact on the uniformity of resonant interband tunneling diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), have been examined by current voltage (IV) measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM topography measurements are found to be useful in determining the detailed structure of defects that range in size from one mu m in diameter and 0.3 mu m deep to much smaller. The peak to valley ratio (PIV) is a measure of the quality of a device, and a correlation has been found between devices with low PN ratios and AFM measurements. Defects with a density of 10(3) cm(-2) have been found in devices grown on both InAs and GaAs substrates. IV measurements on diodes containing these flaws have PN ratios that are one half the PN of devices without them. AFM measurements have also revealed smaller defect features with densities of 10(5) to 10(6) cm(-2) for some growths on GaAs substrates. Because of the high density, many of the devices contain at least one defect resulting in a lower than expected average PN ratio for the wafer. The ratio of the peak current for positive bias to that for negative bias (Ip+/Ip-) is another useful measure of device quality as it is a measure of the symmetry of a device. Ip+/Ip- has been found to decrease as the substrate temperature during MBE growth is increased. This is consistent with Ga segregation from the GaSb well into the AlSb barrier grown on it resulting in an AlGaSb barrier with a reduced barrier height. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Magno, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-6320-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2000 BP 122 EP 125 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.2000.850247 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ45M UT WOS:000088385200032 ER PT S AU Ancona, MG Boos, JB Justh, EW AF Ancona, MG Boos, JB Justh, EW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Modeling of ultra-low-power AlSb/InAs HEMT-RITD circuits SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 14-18, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIXTRON, EMCORE Corp, IQE, Wafer Technol Ltd ID HIGH-SPEED; VOLTAGE AB MOBILE logic circuits composed of AlSb/InAs HEMT and RITD devices are simulated using SPICE. The individual HEMT and RITD devices are modeled directly from experimental measurements on devices fabricated at NRL and careful attention is paid to the treatment of the effects of impact ionization, trapping and other parasitics. Using these realistic device models the simulated circuits show proper latching behavior and are capable of operating at 20GHz at supply voltages of 0.4V. The power dissipation in the MOBILE core is around 0.3mW/gate. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-6320-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2000 BP 130 EP 133 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.2000.850249 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ45M UT WOS:000088385200034 ER PT S AU Kruppa, W Boos, JB Bennett, BR Yang, MJ AF Kruppa, W Boos, JB Bennett, BR Yang, MJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Low-frequency noise in AlSb/InAs and AlSb/InAsSb HEMTs SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 14-18, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIXTRON, EMCORE Corp, IQE, Wafer Technol Ltd AB Measurements of the low-frequency noise in AlSb/InAs and AlSb/InAsSb HEMTs are reported. At room temperature, the slope of the noise level for a basic InAs-channel device is very close to ideal 1/f. A more advanced version of this device and the device with the InAsSb channel display a significant generation-recombination component. The Hooge parameter, alpha(H), for all the devices is in the range between 10(-3) and 10(-2) based on floating-gate measurements at low drain voltage. At lower temperatures, larger G-R components appear in all devices and move with temperature, indicating the presence of discrete trap levels. These noise Lorentzians become more prominent when the devices are exposed to visible light, and move up in frequency with increasing electric field. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kruppa, W (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Bennett, Brian/A-8850-2008 OI Bennett, Brian/0000-0002-2437-4213 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-6320-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2000 BP 569 EP 572 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.2000.850361 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ45M UT WOS:000088385200144 ER PT B AU Ancona, MG Biegel, BA AF Ancona, MG Biegel, BA GP IEEE IEEE TI Nonlinear discretization scheme for the density-gradient equations SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices CY SEP 06-08, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Electr Devices Soc AB A nonlinear three-point discretization of the density-gradient equations is presented. The new method, an exponential-fitting scheme, is evaluated using numerical examples involving both quantum confinement and tunneling. The nonlinear discretization is shown to perform far better than the conventional linear version allowing for a substantial easing in the mesh refinement especially in tunneling problems. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ancona, MG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6279-9 PY 2000 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.1109/SISPAD.2000.871241 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BR43Y UT WOS:000166421700048 ER PT B AU Anderson, WT Mittereder, JA Roussos, JA AF Anderson, WT Mittereder, JA Roussos, JA GP IEEE TI Atomic force microscope measurement of channel temperature in GaAs devices SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 27th International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors CY OCT 02-05, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Laser & Electro-Opt Soc, EDS ID SCANNING THERMAL MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC MATERIALS; STHM AB The channel temperature of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) devices was quantitatively measured using scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), which is a variation of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The temperature of the devices was also characterized by infrared (IR) imaging and thermal modeling. It was found that the measured SThM temperature values agreed very well with the calculated values from the model, and were higher than those found by IR, as predicted. In contrast to most published AFM results that have reported only qualitative and indirect semi-quantitative thermal information about the sample, the results presented here can be used directly to accurately determine an absolute temperature of the device at any point that can be probed at the top surface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Anderson, WT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6855, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6258-6 PY 2000 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1109/ISCS.2000.947124 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT16D UT WOS:000172146400006 ER PT S AU Cheng, N Berzins, V Luqi Bhattacharya, S AF Cheng, N Berzins, V Luqi Bhattacharya, S GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Interoperability with distributed objects through Java wrapper SO 24TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE (COSPSAC 2000) SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2000) CY OCT 25-27, 2000 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Fash Now Corp, Flowring Technol Corp, Inst Informat Ind, MITAC Synnex Grp, Microelect Technol Inc, Natl Sci Council, Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Puretek Ind Co Ltd, TSMC, Tung Hai Univ, World Peace Ind Co Ltd, Zen Technol Co Ltd AB The major hurdle in developing distributed systems is the implementing the interoperability between the systems. Currently, most of the interoperability techniques require that the data or services to be tightly coupled to a particular server. Furthermore, as most programmers are trained in designing stand-alone application, developing distributed system proves to be time-consuming and difficult. This paper address the issues by creating an interface wrapper model that allows developers the features of treating distributed objects as local objects. A tool iras developed to generate Java interface wrapper from a specification language called the Prototyping System Description Language. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheng, N (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0730-3157 BN 0-7695-0792-1 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 2000 VL 24 BP 479 EP 485 DI 10.1109/CMPSAC.2000.884770 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR15H UT WOS:000165736000084 ER PT B AU Harr, PA Elsberry, RL Chan, JCL AF Harr, PA Elsberry, RL Chan, JCL GP AMS AMS TI Forecasts of intraseasonal periods of tropical cyclone inactivity over the tropical western North Pacific SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SCALE CIRCULATION VARIABILITY; DISTURBANCES; OSCILLATION C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Harr, PA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700026 ER PT B AU Reader, G Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL Carr, LE AF Reader, G Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL Carr, LE GP AMS AMS TI P1.22 updated environmental structure characteristics for southern hemisphere application of the systematic approach to tropical cyclone track forecasting SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Reader, G (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700084 ER PT B AU Bankert, RL Tag, PM Sandidge, J Hawkins, JD Helveston, MJ AF Bankert, RL Tag, PM Sandidge, J Hawkins, JD Helveston, MJ GP AMS AMS TI Automated passive microwave tropical cyclone intensity algorithms SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Bankert, RL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 189 EP 190 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700095 ER PT B AU Klein, PM Harr, PA Elsberry, RL AF Klein, PM Harr, PA Elsberry, RL GP AMS AMS TI Extratropical transition in the western North Pacific: Demonstration of the importance of phasing with the mid-latitude circulation pattern during the re-intensification stage SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; CYCLONE C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Klein, PM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 261, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 316 EP 317 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700159 ER PT B AU Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL AF Ritchie, EA Elsberry, RL GP AMS AMS TI Simulations of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol MR Ri, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ritchie, EA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol MR Ri, 589 Dyer Rd,Room 254, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 322 EP 323 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700162 ER PT B AU Peng, MS Hogan, T AF Peng, MS Hogan, T GP AMS AMS TI Performance of NOGAPS on the predictions of tropical cyclones using different convective parameterization schemes SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Peng, MS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 348 EP 349 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700175 ER PT B AU Dunnavan, GM Carr, LE Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA AF Dunnavan, GM Carr, LE Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA GP AMS AMS TI Evaluation of dynamical track predictions for tropical cyclones in the Western North Pacific: Extensions to other years and dynamical models SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Dunnavan, GM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 384 EP 385 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700193 ER PT B AU Brown, DS Boothe, MA Carr, LE Elsberry, RL AF Brown, DS Boothe, MA Carr, LE Elsberry, RL GP AMS AMS TI Evaluation of dynamical track predictions for tropical cyclones in the Atlantic during 1997-98 SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Brown, DS (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 390 EP 391 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700196 ER PT B AU Cheung, KKW AF Cheung, KKW GP AMS AMS TI Regionally bred modes and ensemble forecasting of tropical cyclone motion SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID BAROTROPIC MODEL; PERTURBATIONS C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Cheung, KKW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 427 EP 428 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700215 ER PT B AU Goerss, JS AF Goerss, JS GP AMS AMS TI Quantifying tropical cyclone track forecast uncertainty using an ensemble of dynamical models SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID HURRICANE PREDICTION SYSTEM C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Goerss, JS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 429 EP 430 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700216 ER PT B AU Elsberry, RL Carr, LE AF Elsberry, RL Carr, LE GP AMS AMS TI Applying clustering and ensemble prediction concepts to consensus tropical cyclone track forecasting SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Elsberry, RL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 431 EP 432 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700217 ER PT B AU Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL AF Boothe, MA Elsberry, RL GP AMS AMS TI Statistical post-processing of ECMWF tropical cyclone track forecasts SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Boothe, MA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 462 EP 463 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700233 ER PT B AU Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, KL Sampson, C Kent, J AF Hawkins, JD Lee, TF Turk, FJ Richardson, KL Sampson, C Kent, J GP AMS AMS TI Multi-satellite tropical cyclone structure (SSM/I & TMI) SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Hawkins, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 482 EP 483 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700243 ER PT B AU Carr, LE Dunnavan, GM Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA Harr, PA AF Carr, LE Dunnavan, GM Elsberry, RL Boothe, MA Harr, PA GP AMS AMS TI Developing a Systematic Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasting Expert System-2: Results of a real-time prototype test SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Carr, LE (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 504 EP 505 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700254 ER PT B AU Sikora, TD O'Marr, EE Gasparovic, RF AF Sikora, TD O'Marr, EE Gasparovic, RF GP AMS AMS TI Anomalous cloud lines over the Chesapeake and Delaware bays SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SHIP TRACKS C1 USN Acad, Oceanog Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Sikora, TD (reprint author), USN Acad, Oceanog Dept, 572M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP A39 EP A40 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700319 ER PT B AU Bayne, SB Giesselmann, MG AF Bayne, SB Giesselmann, MG GP AIAA AIAA TI Effect of blade passing on a wind turbine output SO 35TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT (IECEC), VOLS 1 AND 2, TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Renewable energy such as wind and solar is a clean source of energy that can be integrated with conventional ways of producing energy. Power utility companies are looking at ways to integrate renewable energy with conventional methods. The Central and South West (CSW) renewable project was designed to investigate the role of solar and wind energy in a utility system. When connecting a wind farm to a utility grid, several issues must be taken into consideration such as stability, load matching, cost, location and the wind profile in relation to the peak loads on the system. One other parameter that is seldom considered is the effect of power oscillations due to turbine blades passing through their full are of motion and periodically encountering different wind speeds at different vertical positions. In the following, this effect is called 'blade passing' for short. This paper evaluates the effect of blade passing on the output voltage and current for a grid connected wind farm. The effect of blade passing as a function of the number of wind turbines connected to the grid is also investigated. The exact causes of the blade passing effect are also discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bayne, SB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-375-5 PY 2000 BP 775 EP 781 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ77B UT WOS:000089466900102 ER PT B AU Cerza, M Boughey, B Lindler, KW AF Cerza, M Boughey, B Lindler, KW GP AIAA AIAA TI A flat heat pipe for use as a cold side heat sink SO 35TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT (IECEC), VOLS 1 AND 2, TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Heat pipe technology can effectively meet the demand for an isothermal emitter in a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion system as it utilizes near isobaric phase changes to transfer heat at a uniform temperature. A flat heat pipe offers many advantages over the conventional cylindrical design, such as increased surface area to volume ratio and the ability to stack or layer the energy conversion system on both sides of the flat heat pipe to utilize available energy. Flat heat pipes present unique engineering demands and are also difficult to construct. This paper details the design, construction and partial analysis of a low temperature Bat heat pipe as part of the thermal sink in order to determine the feasibility of implementing Bat heat pipes into TPV energy conversion systems. C1 USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Cerza, M (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-375-5 PY 2000 BP 1418 EP 1427 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ77B UT WOS:000089466900186 ER PT B AU Heitmeyer, CL AF Heitmeyer, CL GP IEEE IEEE TI Transferring research results in requirements to practice: Obstacles and incentives SO 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Requirements Engineering (ICRE 2000) CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL SCHAUMBURG, IL SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Concil Software Engn, Fujitsu, Lucent Technologies, Rational C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Heitmeyer, CL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM heitmeyer@itd.nrl.navy.mil RI Heitmeyer, Constance/F-6500-2011; OI Heitmeyer, Constance/0000-0001-7942-9309 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0565-1 PY 2000 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ52X UT WOS:000088653100012 ER PT S AU Singer, IL Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ AF Singer, IL Dvorak, SD Wahl, KJ BE Anderson, P Ronkainen, H Holmberg, K TI Investigation of third body processes by in vivo Raman tribometry SO 9TH NORDIC SYMPOSIUM ON TRIBOLOGY NORDTRIB 2000, VOL 1 SE VTT Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Nordic Symposium on Tribology (NORDTRIB 2000) CY JUN 11-14, 2000 CL PORVOO, FINLAND SP VTT Mfg Technol, Finnish Soc Tribol ID SPUTTERED MOS2 FILMS; FRICTION BEHAVIOR; WEAR BEHAVIOR; DEBRIS FORMATION; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; SLIDING CONTACT; 52100 STEEL; COATINGS; CARBON; VACUUM AB A Raman tribometer has been used to study third body processes and friction during sliding against two low friction coatings: annealed boron carbide and Mo-S-Pb, a MoS2-based coating. Reciprocating sliding tests were performed in either dry or humid air with transparent hemispheres (glass or sapphire) loaded against the coatings. Videos and Raman spectra of the sliding contact were recorded during the tests. For annealed boron carbide, friction was controlled by a mix of H3BO3 and carbon; for amorphous Mo-S-Pb, friction was controlled by MoS2 generated by sliding. Friction changes in the former were correlated to the relative amount of the two materials; in the latter, the rise in friction was ascribed to a change in interfacial shear strength of MoS2, inferred from the deformation of transferred debris particles. For both coatings, interfacial sliding was the dominant mode of velocity accommodation in the sliding interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND PI ESPOO PA INFORMATION SERVICE, PO BOX 2000, FIN-02044 VT ESPOO, FINLAND SN 0357-9387 BN 951-38-5276-8 J9 VTT SYMP PY 2000 VL 200 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BR09N UT WOS:000165635400002 ER PT S AU Boberg, PR Tylka, AJ AF Boberg, PR Tylka, AJ BE Mewaldt, RA Jokipii, JR Lee, MA Mobius, E Zurbuchen, TH TI Variation in solar energetic particle elemental composition observed by ACE and Wind SO ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES OBSERVED IN THE HELIOSPHERE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACE 2000 Symposium on Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere CY JAN 05-08, 2000 CL INDIAN WELLS, CA SP ACE, Sci Working Team ID ISOTOPE-SPECTROMETER; HEAVY-IONS; EVENTS; ABUNDANCES; ACCELERATION; EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN; SPECTRA; HELIUM; OXYGEN AB We have used ACE and Wind data to study C/O and Fe/O ratios at similar to2.6 - 15 MeV/nuc in nine large solar energetic particle (SEP) events between November 1997 and November 1998. Six events have event-integrated Fe/O ratios that are larger than the nominal coronal value by a factor of two or more. However, the energetic storm particle event of 25 August 1998 single-handedly restores the fluence-weighted Fe/O average to nearly the coronal value. We suggest that this balancing indicates a common acceleration mechanism in all of these events. We also compare SEP results to a recent similar to 300-day survey of slow solar wind by Ulysses. The average solar-wind C/O ratio is significantly larger (by similar to 40%) than in SEPs and in the photosphere. The origin of this difference in CIO is not understood. Finally, wt: also use I-hour and 2-hour averaged data to examine intra-event correlations of SEP Fe/O vs. C/O. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Boberg, PR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-951-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 528 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BQ94U UT WOS:000165073000017 ER PT S AU Tylka, AJ Boberg, PR McGuire, RE Ng, CK Reames, DV AF Tylka, AJ Boberg, PR McGuire, RE Ng, CK Reames, DV BE Mewaldt, RA Jokipii, JR Lee, MA Mobius, E Zurbuchen, TH TI Temporal evolution in the spectra of gradual solar energetic particle events SO ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES OBSERVED IN THE HELIOSPHERE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACE 2000 Symposium on Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere CY JAN 05-08, 2000 CL INDIAN WELLS, CA SP ACE, Sci Working Team ID IONIC CHARGE; ACCELERATION; ENERGIES; NUCLEON; SHOCKS; STATES AB We examine solar energetic particle (SEP) spectra in two very large "gradual" events (20 April 1998 and 25 August 1998), in which acceleration is caused by fast CME-driven shocks. By combining data from ACE/SIS, Wind/EPACT/LEMT. and IMP8/GME, we examine all major species from H to Fe, from similar to2 MeV/nuc to the highest energies measured. These events last for several days, so we have divided the events into 8-hour intervals in order to study the evolution of the spectra. The spectra reveal significant departures from simple power laws. Of particular note is the behavior at high energies, where the spectra exhibit exponential rollovers. We demonstrate that the fitted e-folding energies reflect both ionic charge states and a complex but orderly temporal evolution. We speculate that this behavior may be related to evolving rigidity dependence in the near-shock diffusion coefficient which is of potentially great importance for models of SEP acceleration and transport. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Tylka, AJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Tylka, Allan/G-9592-2014 NR 22 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-951-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 528 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BQ94U UT WOS:000165073000025 ER PT S AU Share, GH Murphy, RJ AF Share, GH Murphy, RJ BE Mewaldt, RA Jokipii, JR Lee, MA Mobius, E Zurbuchen, TH TI Measurement of accelerated particles at the sun SO ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES OBSERVED IN THE HELIOSPHERE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACE 2000 Symposium on Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere CY JAN 05-08, 2000 CL INDIAN WELLS, CA SP ACE, Sci Working Team ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; SOLAR-FLARES; ABUNDANCES; LINE AB Solar gamma -ray lines and continua provide information on flare-accelerated particles that interact at the Sun. We primarily discuss observations of flare spectra made by the OSSE experiment on CGRO and the gamma-ray spectrometer on SMM. Continuum gamma -ray spectra reflect the MeV electron population. These spectra show various shapes above 0.1 MeV: single power laws, broken power-laws (both hardening and softening > 0.1 to 0.3 MeV), and spectra that harden greater than or equal to 1 MeV. The spectra and directionality of accelerated protons and alpha -particles are revealed in the narrow lines from excited ambient nuclei and alpha-He-4 fusion. These measurements imply power-law spectral indices between similar to -3 and -5 for energies > 5 MeV/nucleon, evidence for both broad angular distributions and directionality in the interactions, and high accelerated alpha /p ratios (similar to0.5) in many flares. The presence of accelerated He-3 is revealed in weak line features suggesting He-3/He-4 ratios of similar to0.1 or greater. Strongly Doppler-broadened lines reveal the composition and directionality of heavy accelerated ions. Fe appears to be enhanced by about the same ratio found in impulsive SEPs. We present some preliminary results on flares that individually were not detected at energies greater than or equal to 1 MeV; their summed spectra exhibit hardening > 1 MeV that may be due to nuclear radiation. There appears to be equipartition of energy between accelerated electrons and ions in flares with strong line emission. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Share, GH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-951-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 528 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BQ94U UT WOS:000165073000033 ER PT S AU Jenn, D Pace, P Powers, JP AF Jenn, D Pace, P Powers, JP BE Lee, H TI High-resolution acoustic arrays using optimum symmetrical-number-system processing SO ACOUSTICAL IMAGING, VOL 24 SE ACOUSTICAL IMAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging CY SEP 23-25, 1998 CL UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA HO UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Jenn, D (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0270-5117 BN 0-306-46518-3 J9 ACOUST IMAG PY 2000 VL 24 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS16Y UT WOS:000168948300008 ER PT S AU Watson, GA Rice, TR Jesionowski, RJ Cassell, RV AF Watson, GA Rice, TR Jesionowski, RJ Cassell, RV BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Optimal track fusion and tracklet techniques for target tracking and sensor alignment SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIV CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensor alignment; track fusion; optimal; asynchronous; feedback; tracklets; Kalman filter AB The integration of multiple sensors for the purpose of farming a Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP) is currently being intensely investigated. There are only a few existing techniques that enable SIAP development. Assuming there are no sensor biases and communication latencies, the ideal picture can be formed when all the sensor information is available at each network node. The target state vectors for each picture are identical when they are generated using the same time-ordered data and algorithms. However, this is impractical in a tactical environment and several techniques, such as conventional filtering, optimal track and hybrid fusion, and tracklets, have been proposed to form the SLAP with a reduced amount of data. A combination of techniques will be needed since no single one has the ability to adequately form the picture. The estimation techniques can also be employed to perform sensor alignment. Alignment is the foundation by which the SIAP can be constructed. This paper presents track fusion and tracklet techniques for the purpose of performing target tracking and sensor alignment. Simulation results will be used to illustrate the performance of the estimation techniques. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Digital Syst Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Watson, GA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Digital Syst Branch, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4025 BP 2 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.391672 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ62K UT WOS:000088995700001 ER PT S AU Watson, GA Rice, TR Alouani, AT AF Watson, GA Rice, TR Alouani, AT BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Optimal track fusion with feedback for multiple asynchronous measurements SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIV CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE track fusion; optimal; feedback; asynchronous; multiple measurements; multisensor; Kalman filter AB An analytic solution for the fusion of track estimates produced from two asynchronous measurements has been recently developed. The fusion process can occur at any time in the interval between the arrival of the second measurement of a fusion interval and the first measurement of the next fusion interval. The solution was stipulated to be a weighted sum of the previous fused estimate and the two individual estimates. The matrix weights are the unknowns for which a solution was formulated. This fusion process has properties that are identical to the Kalman filter. Even though this technique is a breakthrough, it is restricted to the fusing of only two estimates. The objective of this paper is to provide a numeric solution to this track fusion problem with an arbitrary number of asynchronous measurements. Simulation results will be employed to compare the performance of the Kalman filter and the track fusion algorithm in a multisensor environment. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Digital Syst Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Watson, GA (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Syst Res & Technol Dept,Digital Syst Branch, Code B32, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4025 BP 20 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.391673 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ62K UT WOS:000088995700002 ER PT J AU Vanhoy, JR Hicks, SF Warr, NV Alexander, GK Aubin, CA Burkett, PG Burns, MC Brown, TB Champine, BR Coleman, RT Collard, CJ Corminboeuf, F Crandell, KA Etzkorn, SJ Garrett, PE Genilloud, L Jolie, J Kern, J Schenker, JL Sklaney, BA Tanyi, JA Walbrun, MM Yates, SW Yeh, M AF Vanhoy, JR Hicks, SF Warr, NV Alexander, GK Aubin, CA Burkett, PG Burns, MC Brown, TB Champine, BR Coleman, RT Collard, CJ Corminboeuf, F Crandell, KA Etzkorn, SJ Garrett, PE Genilloud, L Jolie, J Kern, J Schenker, JL Sklaney, BA Tanyi, JA Walbrun, MM Yates, SW Yeh, M TI Coexisting structures in the Te120-124 nuclei SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Structures (ENS 2000) CY MAY 15-20, 2000 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY SP Kernfis Versneller Inst DE low-spin states; intruder bands; IBM-2 ID STATES; BANDS AB The level schemes of the mid-shell tellurium nuclei, A = 120 - 124, have been developed utilizing in-beam gamma -ray spectrosopy following the (n,n'gamma) and (alpha ,2n gamma) reactions and Iodine beta decay. Excitation functions, gamma - gamma coincidences, and angular distributions were measured. Spectroscopic information is obtained for many new levels below 4.5 MeV excitation. Low-spin states are found to be a mixture of spherical-vibrational, two-particle, and intruder configurations. The emerging intruder band is identified in Te-120. The situation in Te-122 and Te-124 is not quite as clear. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Dallas, Irving, TX 75062 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356 USA. Univ Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. RP Vanhoy, JR (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2-4 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 396VW UT WOS:000166658800029 ER PT J AU Yates, SW Brown, TB Hannant, CD Vanhoy, JR Warr, N AF Yates, SW Brown, TB Hannant, CD Vanhoy, JR Warr, N TI Using (n,xn gamma) reactions to probe nuclear structure SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Structures (ENS 2000) CY MAY 15-20, 2000 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY SP Kernfis Versneller Inst DE high energy neutron induced reactions AB Building on nuclear spectroscopic methods developed with the (n,n') reaction, we have examined reactions with higher-energy neutrons to determine their utility for studying the structure of nuclei. Studies have been performed with spallation neutrons from the LANSCE/WNR facility and reaction channels with as many as 27 emitted nucleons have been observed. At the University of Kentucky accelerator laboratory, the H-2(d,n) and H-3(d,n) reactions have been used to produce neutrons with energies up to 22 MeV. Spectroscopic measurements at these lower energies, where the (n,2n gamma) and (n,3n gamma) reactions dominate, appear to have greater potential for yielding new spectroscopic information than those at higher energies. C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Yates, SW (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2-4 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 396VW UT WOS:000166658800031 ER PT J AU Kanayama, YJ Fahroo, F AF Kanayama, YJ Fahroo, F TI A new continuous-curvature line/path-tracking method for car-like vehicles SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE mobile robots; line tracking; asymptotic stability; steering function; smoothness parameter ID PATH-TRACKING; MOBILE ROBOTS AB In this paper, we first investigate the problem of finding an algorithm for the movement of a car-like vehicle to track a given directed straight line. Car-like vehicles' motions possess 2 d.o.f., speed upsilon and path curvature kappa. We compute the 'derivative of path curvature', lambda = d kappa/ds, rather than the path curvature kappa itself, to enforce continuous-curvature vehicle motions. Specifically, we compute lambda as a linear function of the current path curvature, orientation and positional difference of the vehicle against the given line. We call this function lambda the steering function. The uniform asymptotic stability of the feedback rule is proved through linearization and a Lyapunov function. Next, this basic line-tracking result is applied to the problem of path tracking where a path consists of directed straight lines. The main advantages and features of the results are summarized as follows. ii! Since the derivative d kappa/ds of path curvature is obtained, the path curvature is always continuous while a vehicle converges to the line. (ii) By assuming the critical damping condition, the steering function contains one parameter a that controls the smoothness (or equivalently, sharpness) of vehicle motions. (iii) This theory can be applied to a vehicle with any wheel architecture, i.e. this theory is vehicle independent. (iv) The theory can easily be extended to the more general problem of tracking a path consisting of any number of directed lines with a new principle of neutral switching. (v) The simplicity and machine independence of this theory makes implementation of this theory on vehicles easy. We present numerous simulation results of line/path-tracking motions. These results verify the effectiveness of this continuous-curvature motion control method. Some successful results obtained on the autonomous robot Yamabico at the Naval Postgraduate School are also included. C1 USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USN, Dept Comp Sci, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Fahroo, F (reprint author), USN, Dept Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM ffahroo@nps.navy.mil NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-1864 EI 1568-5535 J9 ADV ROBOTICS JI Adv. Robot. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 7 BP 663 EP 689 PG 27 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 324JP UT WOS:000087618800002 ER PT S AU Root, B AF Root, B BE Luk, FT TI Ionospheric distortion mitigation techniques for over-the-horizon radar SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations X CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE clutter mitigation; distortion mitigation; spread-doppler clutter; HF radar ID TIME AB High-Frequency radar detects targets at thousands of kilometers over the horizon by refracting its beam from the ionosphere. A disturbed ionosphere may distort the signal severely, especially in auroral and equatorial regions. The powerful ground clutter spreads in doppler and masks targets. This distortion is sometimes assumed to take the form of a random complex time-varying distortion function multiplying the time-domain signal. Simple and effective techniques have been developed to mitigate this distortion provided that either the amplitude or the phase of the distortion predominates. The general case of severe amplitude and phase distortion is much more difficult. The techniques are highly model-dependent but are sometimes reasonable for HF radar signals. An emphasis is placed on making the algorithms efficient, so that they can run in real time and keep up with the flood of radar data. The distortion model is first analyzed by phase-screen concepts that model the physics of the electromagnetic propagation through the turbulent ionosphere. To date the techniques have been tested on simulations, since the I/Q data collected thus far do not exhibit the kind of distortions for which these techniques are applicable C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Root, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Radar, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3761-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4116 BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1117/12.406511 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR58A UT WOS:000166853800033 ER PT S AU Bowman, SR AF Bowman, SR BE Injeyan, H Keller, U Marshall, C TI Selecting materials for radiation balanced lasers SO ADVANCED SOLID STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid State Lasers CY FEB 13-16, 2000 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, European Phys Soc ID INFRARED-LASER; YB; CRYSTALS; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB Well-characterized solid-state laser materials are evaluated for performance in radiation balanced laser systems. New figures-of-merit are developed and applied to ytterbium doped materials. Superior performance is predicted for high cross section tungstate materials. Photothermal deflection experiments oil samples of Yb3+ doped KGd(WO4)(2) confirm anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling. Observations of optical cooling in this high figure-of-merit material confirm the potential of this approach for laser power scaling. C1 USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bowman, SR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Photon Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-628-1 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 34 BP 446 EP 453 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU18F UT WOS:000175262800092 ER PT S AU Shashidhar, R Naciri, J Ratna, BR AF Shashidhar, R Naciri, J Ratna, BR BE Vij, JK TI Large electroclinic effect and associated properties of chiral smectic a liquid crystals SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS, VOL 113: ADVANCES IN LIQUID CRYSTALS SE Advances in Chemical Physics LA English DT Review ID INDUCED TILT ANGLE; C-STAR TRANSITION; ELECTROOPTIC PERFORMANCE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; LIGHT-MODULATOR; ELECTRIC-FIELD; GRAY-SCALE; BEHAVIOR; PHASE; MODE C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Shashidhar, R (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 0-471-18083-1 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS JI Adv. Chem. Phys. PY 2000 VL 113 BP 51 EP 76 DI 10.1002/9780470141724.ch2 PG 26 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BU93V UT WOS:000177430400002 ER PT S AU Mouring, SE AF Mouring, SE BE DeWilde, WP Blain, WR Brebbia, CA TI Investigation into a new technique for fabricating composite joints SO ADVANCES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES VII SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Advances in Composite Materials and Structures (CADCOMP 2000) CY SEP 13-15, 2000 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol AB Conventional fiberglass composite construction has dominated the recreational boating industry for the past four decades. However, the U.S. ship building industry traditionally has used steel and aluminum construction. Recently, it has started incorporating composites in new ship construction and replacing metallic parts with composite ones in existing ships. Advantages of composite construction include reductions in total life cycle costs, high strength- and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and improved stealth characteristics for naval applications. However, composite construction projects typically have higher fabrication costs compared to similar steel construction projects. One area of high costs is associated with current joining methods. Composite structural elements used in marine applications are joined typically by adhesive bonding. Adhesive structural joints usually are formed using a three-step, labor-intensive process and often require clamping overnight while the adhesive cures. An improved joining technique is needed in order to reduce these higher labor costs. A novel joining technique has been developed as an alternative to current practices. This new method used both liquid adhesive and adhesive tape to fabricate joints. In short, adhesive tape is used to temporarily "tack" structural elements together and create a channel between the elements in which liquid adhesive can be injected at some later time. One advantage of this technique is that the resulting bond lines are more consistent than bond lines formed using current methods. Secondly, multiple-part structures can be "tacked" together and checked for accuracy before the liquid adhesive is applied. Lastly, clamps are not needed during the curing process, because the tape securely holds the joint together while the adhesive cures. This paper summarizes the development and evaluation of this joining technique using experimental and numerical methods. C1 USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Mouring, SE (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-825-2 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 2000 VL 9 BP 399 EP 408 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BR45Z UT WOS:000166473400038 ER PT S AU Moskowitz, IS Chang, LW AF Moskowitz, IS Chang, LW BE Mohammadian, M TI A computational intelligence approach to the database inference problem SO ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advances in Intelligent Systems: Theory and Applications (AISTA 2000) CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA AB In this paper, we define the database inference problem, develop a theoretical underpinning for it, categorize different inference situations, and describe why computational intelligence can assist in analyzing database inference. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moskowitz, IS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr High Assurance Comp Syst, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6389 BN 1-58603-043-4 J9 FR ART INT PY 2000 VL 59 BP 377 EP 387 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA BR25D UT WOS:000165948100060 ER PT B AU Green, MT Jones, LR Thompson, F AF Green, MT Jones, LR Thompson, F BE Brudney, JL OToole, LJ Rainey, HG TI Local heroes? Reinvention labs in the department of defense SO ADVANCING PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THEORY, METHODS, AND PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Public Management Research Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA C1 Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Willamette Univ, Salem, OR 97301 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGETOWN UNIV PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 3240 PROSPECT ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA BN 0-87840-760-X PY 2000 BP 153 EP 171 PG 19 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BW18P UT WOS:000181102100009 ER PT B AU Roberts, NC AF Roberts, NC BE Brudney, JL OToole, LJ Rainey, HG TI Organizational configurations: Four approaches to public sector management SO ADVANCING PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THEORY, METHODS, AND PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Public Management Research Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1997 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGETOWN UNIV PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 3240 PROSPECT ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA BN 0-87840-760-X PY 2000 BP 217 EP 234 PG 18 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BW18P UT WOS:000181102100012 ER PT S AU Kelley, KK AF Kelley, KK BE Fishell, WG TI Small UAV Initiative SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXIV CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE Small UAV; secretary of the navy; missions; conferences AB The Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Initiative is a project started by Program Executive Officer for Cruise Missiles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (PEO(CU)) in 1998 to coalesce Government needs and desires to utilize Small UAV systems in various applications. The Initiative commissions semi-annual conferences to provide a forum for interchange of ideas and opportunities among the participants. Interest in Small UAV systems has grown as a result of these conferences and the Secretary of the Navy has commissioned a panel to report on a priority of Small UAV missions. C1 USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. RP Kelley, KK (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, B-2272,Room 254, Patuxent River, MD 20650 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3772-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4127 BP 46 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.408699 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR62B UT WOS:000166962500006 ER PT S AU Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Mahon, R Burris, R Ferraro, M Sokolsky, I Vasquez, JA Bovais, CS Cochrell, K Goins, KC Barbehenn, R Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Montes, MJ AF Gilbreath, GC Rabinovich, WS Meehan, TJ Vilcheck, MJ Mahon, R Burris, R Ferraro, M Sokolsky, I Vasquez, JA Bovais, CS Cochrell, K Goins, KC Barbehenn, R Katzer, DS Ikossi-Anastasiou, K Montes, MJ BE Fishell, WG TI Compact, lightweight payload for covert data link using a Multiple Quantum Well modulating retro-reflector on a small rotary-wing unmanned airborne vehicle SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXIV CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE modulating retroreflector; Multiple Quantum Well modulator; retroreflector communications; MQW retroreflector ID FREE-SPACE AB In this paper, we describe progress in the development of the NRL Multiple Quantum Well modulating retroreflector including a description of recent demonstrations of an infrared data link between a small rotary-wing unmanned airborne vehicle and a ground based laser interrogator using the NRL multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector. Modulating retro-reflector systems couple an optical retro-reflector, such as a corner-cube, and an electro-optic shutter to allow two-way optical communications using a laser, telescope and pointer-tracker on only one platform. The NRL modulating retroreflector uses a semiconductor based multiple quantum well shutter capable of modulation rates up to 10 Mbps, depending on link characteristics. The technology enables the use of near-infrared frequencies, which is well known to provide covert communications immune to frequency allocation problems. The multiple quantum well modulating retro-reflector has the added advantage of being compact, lightweight, covert, and requires very low power. Up to an order of magnitude in onboard power can be saved using a small array of these devices instead of the Radio Frequency equivalent. In the described demonstration, a Mbps optical link to a unmanned aerial vehicle in flight at a range of 100-200 feet is shown. Near real-time compressed video is also demonstrated at the Mbps level. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gilbreath, GC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Katzer, D. Scott/N-7841-2013; Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3772-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4127 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.408692 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR62B UT WOS:000166962500008 ER PT S AU Armstrong, RW Chambers, GP Erickson-Natishan, MA Sandusky, HW Wagenhofer, M Zerilli, FJ AF Armstrong, RW Chambers, GP Erickson-Natishan, MA Sandusky, HW Wagenhofer, M Zerilli, FJ BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Deformation properties of Al-Mg alloy 5086 in laboratory and explosive tests SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE dynamic strain aging; explosive loading; grain size; strain rate; stress-strain behaviour AB Static and dynamic deformation test results were obtained for AI-Mg alloy 5086 material in various conditions in order to provide a constitutive equation for use in code computations of more complex explosive deformations. Conventional laboratory tensile tests showed interference of a reversed strain rate effect because of dynamic strain aging (DSA). The DSA behavior was confirmed for additional material conditions spanning the mechanical and thermal H32 processing treatment of as-supplied pipe stock. Influences of grain size acid H32 treatment on yielding and subsequent strain hardening behaviors were evaluated. Split-Hopkinson pressure bar test results on related AI-Mg alloy 5083 material were employed in the determination of applicable constants in Zerilli-Armstrong (Z-A) constitutive equations. Use of the equations is reported here for description of shock-induced bulging of a water-filled pipe material in hydrocode validation tests. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Armstrong, RW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 501 EP 506 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600068 ER PT S AU Fleck, P Calleros, D Madsen, M Trinh, T Hoang, D Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Fleck, P Calleros, D Madsen, M Trinh, T Hoang, D Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Retrogression and reaging of 7075 T6 aluminum alloy SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE Al alloy 7075 T6; mechanical properties; retrogression and reaging AB The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of performing retrogression and reaging (RRA) heat treatments on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in muffle furnaces instead of salt and oil baths. The retrogression temperatures were 180 degrees C, 200 degrees C, 220 degrees C and 240 degrees C. and retrogression times were 5, 10, 15 and 25 minutes. Reaging was performed at 120 degrees C for 24, 36 and 48 hours. Tensile testing, hardness and electrical resistivity measurements were determined. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Fleck, P (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 649 EP 654 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600092 ER PT S AU Parrish, C Barba, J Oh, HM Peraza, J Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Parrish, C Barba, J Oh, HM Peraza, J Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Alternate heat treatments of C458 aluminum lithium alloy SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE 2 step aging; 3 step aging; Al-Li; multiple step aging; thermal processing AB The as-received C458-T861 aluminum-lithium alloy of 12.7 mm thickness had a yield strength range of 418 - 496 MPa, an ultimate strength of 502 - 531 MPa and 10-13% elongation in the longitudinal, transverse and 45 degrees directions. In an attempt to eliminate the 6% stretch process prior to aging and after solution treatment, a series of double, triple and multistep aging treatments were carried out. These included low temperature aging followed by a higher temperature step. The mechanical properties achieved from these thermal processes are compared. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Parrish, C (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 655 EP 661 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600093 ER PT S AU Ikei, C Hollis, E Furman, A Clark, D Chavez, J Huh, P Tilak, R Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Ikei, C Hollis, E Furman, A Clark, D Chavez, J Huh, P Tilak, R Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI The effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties and distortion behavior of 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloy extrusions SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE aging; distortion; extended solution treatment times; solution treatment; stretching; time in a freezer AB One set of 6061 square cross-sectional extrusions were solution treated at 530 degrees C/ 50 minutes and a second set was solution treated at 393 degrees C/ 60 minutes, 449 degrees C/ 60 minutes, 504 degrees C/ 60 minutes, and 560 degrees C/ 120 minutes. Some samples were stretched at 3% and others were not. Two quenching media, 20% polyalkylene glycol and water, were used. The time delay in the freezer after quenching varied. The effect of these variables were studied on the tensile behavior of the samples in the first experiment. A second experiment was performed to evaluate time-related distortion. Extruded 7075 J sections were solution treated, quenched in polyalkylene glycol, and stretched and age hardened. Slots and holes were machined into these sections. Measurements of the distances between holes and between the ends of slots were taken after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 days. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Almex USA Inc, Long Beach, CA 90831 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Naval Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ikei, C (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF Res Experience Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 663 EP 668 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600094 ER PT S AU Trinca, M Avalino, A Garmestani, H Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS AF Trinca, M Avalino, A Garmestani, H Foyos, J Lee, EW Es-Said, OS BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Effect of rolling orientation on the mechanical properties and crystallographic texture of 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE Al-Li; anisotropy; crystallographic texture; off-axis rolling AB As-received sheets of 2195 aluminum-lithium alloy in the F temper of 3.18mm were cut at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees with respect to the rolling direction. The sheets were rolled at 24% reduction in thickness along these three directions after solution treatment and prior to aging. The alloy was solution treated at 507 degrees C/30 minutes and aged at 143 degrees C/36 hours. The mechanical strength and anisotropy significantly increased. The crystallographic texture characteristics of as-received and rolled samples were determined and related to the changes in mechanical properties. C1 Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF, Res Experience Undergrad Program, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. FSU, Coll Engn, FAMU, MARTECH,Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Trinca, M (reprint author), Loyola Marymount Univ, NSF, Res Experience Undergrad Program, 7900 Loyola Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 849 EP 854 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600121 ER PT S AU Bowden, D Pokross, C Kaczynski, D London, G AF Bowden, D Pokross, C Kaczynski, D London, G BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Characterization of aluminum-beryllium alloy sheet SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE aluminium beryllium; fatigue; mechanical properties; powder metallurgy AB Aluminum beryllium alloys exhibit the highest specific modulus of any candidate aerospace structural material currently available. Because structural stiffness is a critical design requirement in airframe structure, we have recently conducted a program to identify potential applications for aluminum beryllium alloy sheet, develop processing methods to produce quality material in the sizes necessary for aerospace structure, and characterize the mechanical properties. This payer presents tensile and fatigue test results for binary 62Be-38Al alloy sheet. C1 Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Brush Wellman Inc, Elmore, OH 43416 USA. USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Bowden, D (reprint author), Boeing Co, POB 516, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 901 EP 906 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600128 ER PT J AU Sheris, SJ Canos, MR Weissman, NJ AF Sheris, SJ Canos, MR Weissman, NJ TI Natural history of intravascular ultrasound-detected edge dissections from coronary stent deployment SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; IMPLANTATION; RESTENOSIS AB Background High-resolution intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) performed immediately after stent deployment often reveals dissection at the stent margin that may not be appreciated by angiography. However, the natural history of these edge dissections is unknown. These intimal disruptions at the stent margins have been previously reported to occur in 5% to 23% of stent implantations. The short-term prognosis of these lesions appears to be good; however, the longer-term effect on restenosis and/or vessel remodeling is not known. We therefore studied a cohort of patients with the use of IVUS immediately after stent implantation and at 6 months to assess the incidence and prognosis of coronary edge dissections. Methods and Results One hundred fifty patients undergoing Palmaz-Shatz stent implantation were imaged with IVUS with the use of a motorized pullback, and the incidence of edge dissections was determined and graded according to depth and circumferential extent. Arterial and lesional morphometric parameters were assessed by digital planimetry. Six month IVUS images were aligned with the poststent IVUS to determine the natural history of these lesions. Sixteen (10.7%) of 150 had edge tears. All were angiographically silent. Most lesions (n = 9) were superficial intimal tears. Vessel, lumen, and plaque area were similar in the nondissection and dissection groups in both the proximal and distal reference segments. Plaque eccentricity was likewise similar in both groups. At 6 months, lesions (n = 12) healed without a change in plaque burden, undergoing a "tacking down" process. Vessel area (19.1 +/- 6.4 vs 18.4 +/- 7.1 mm(2), P = not significant), lumen area (8.2 +/- 4.1 vs 9.2 +/- 4.0 mm(2), P = not significant), and plaque area (10.0 +/- 3.3 vs 9.8 +/- 3.3 mm(2), P = not significant) were unchanged when compared with the lesion site taken at stent deployment. Conclusions Edge dissections as detected by IVUS do not necessarily proscribe an adverse prognosis at 6 months. This finding may provide reassurance to interventionalists because these lesions are frequently seen by IVUS after stent deployment. Further studies are warranted to precisely define specific morphometric features of edge dissections that affect the long-term clinical outcome. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Sheris, SJ (reprint author), Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Div Cardiol, Cahette Hlth Care Ctr, 27 Effingham St, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 139 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0002-8703(00)90309-0 PN 1 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 272BU UT WOS:000084631300009 PM 10618563 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Bowerbank, CR Lee, ML Solberg, M Drown, DB Alexander, W Still, KR AF Smith, PA Bowerbank, CR Lee, ML Solberg, M Drown, DB Alexander, W Still, KR TI Airborne aldehydes from heating rosin core solder and liquid rosin flux to soldering temperatures SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aldehyde; air sampling; colophony; flux; rosin; solder ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; CONTACT ALLERGY; COLOPHONY; ACIDS; FUME AB Gas phase aldehydes produced from heating rosin core solder and liquid rosin flux to temperatures commonly used in soldering were trapped on sampling tubes containing XAD-2 resin coated with the derivatizing agent 2-hydroxymethylpiperidine. Analysis of the resulting oxazolidine derivatives was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The observed aldehyde derivatives included formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, isobutyraldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde, furfural, hexanal, cyclohexane carboxaldehyde and other Unidentified compounds likely to be aldehyde isomers. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde were detected in blank samples. By comparison with an internal standard, a sample produced by drawing air with contaminants derived by heating rosin core solder through a sampling tube contained levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde much greater than seen in sampling tube blanks. Benzaldehyde was not shown to be present at a significantly greater level in samples from heating rosin core solder than in blanks prepared using the same analysis protocol. The use of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 2539 extraction procedures produced blanks with levels of formaldehyde significantly:lower than with a modified extraction method (methylene chloride, no sonication). The modified extraction method produced significantly lower benzaldehyde levels in blanks compared with the NIOSH extraction method using toluene and sonication of sampling sorbent tubes. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USN Hosp, Branch Med Clin, Mayport, FL USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Logan, UT USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT USA. USN, Detachment Toxiol, Inst Med Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 292AM UT WOS:000085772000014 PM 10772621 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Smith, TC Kang, HK Knoke, JD AF Gray, GC Smith, TC Kang, HK Knoke, JD TI Are Gulf War veterans suffering war-related illnesses? Federal and civilian hospitalizations examined, June 1991 to December 1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hospitalization; military personnel; Persian Gulf syndrome ID US VETERANS; HEALTH AB A previous epidemiologic study demonstrated no unexplained increase in risk for postwar hospitalization among Gulf War veterans who had remained on active duty. The authors sought to expand this study to include Reserve and separated military personnel. They examined hospitalization data from the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development hospital systems for the years 1991-1994. Since denominator data were not available, the authors compared the proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) of hospitalization discharge diagnoses (both large categories and specific diagnoses) between Gulf War veterans and other veterans of the same era. There were no indications that Gulf War veterans were suffering increased PMRs for infectious diseases; neoplasms; endocrine diseases; blood diseases; skin conditions; or diseases of the nervous system, circulatory system, or musculoskeletal system. However, these veterans did experience proportionally more hospitalizations for various specific diagnoses, namely, fractures and bone and soft-tissue injuries (Department of Defense and California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development), various diseases of the respiratory (including asthma) and digestive systems (VA), and diverse symptom diagnoses (VA). While these findings may be influenced by chance or by a number of potential confounders, including health registry participation, they merit further examination using other study designs. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Environm Epidemiol Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 271KV UT WOS:000084593500007 PM 10625175 ER PT J AU Gwinn, DE Wilckens, JH McDevitt, ER Ross, G Kao, TC AF Gwinn, DE Wilckens, JH McDevitt, ER Ross, G Kao, TC TI The relative incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men and women at the United States Naval Academy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID KNEE INJURIES; PLAYERS; SOCCER AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in female versus male midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy. From 1991 to 1997, we recorded the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury during intercollegiate athletics, intramural athletics, and military training. The subjects were male and female varsity athletes, coed intramural athletes, and participants in military training consisting of the obstacle course and instructional wrestling. All patient data were collected at the time of injury. Records filed at the intramural sports office, along with a questionnaire completed by coaches and trainers, were used to estimate midshipmen exposures. Results showed that in intercollegiate soccer, basketball, and rugby, women had a relative injury risk of 3.96 compared with men. in coed soccer, basketball, softball, and volleyball, the women's relative injury risk was 1.40 compared with men. In military training, women had a relative injury risk of 9.74 compared with men. In comparing overall annual anterior cruciate ligament injury rates among midshipmen, we found that women had a relative injury risk of 2.44 compared with men. We concluded that female midshipmen have an increased relative risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury as compared with men in intercollegiate athletics, basic military training, and throughout their service academy career. This increase was not statistically significant at the intramural level of athletics. C1 USN Acad, Dept Orthoped, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Wilckens, JH (reprint author), USN, Dept Orthopaed Surg, NMCLA, 250 Wood Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 20 TC 162 Z9 167 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 276CG UT WOS:000084857600017 PM 10653551 ER PT J AU Liberman, MA Howe, S Lane, M AF Liberman, MA Howe, S Lane, M TI Ondansetron versus placebo for prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA; INTRAVENOUS ONDANSETRON; DOUBLE-BLIND; PREVENTION; EMESIS; ETIOLOGY; SURGERY AB BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common problem in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ondansetron given at the induction of anesthesia in patients scheduled for ambulatory LC, METHODS: A total of 84 patients undergoing ambulatory LC were enrolled in a randomized, prospective, double-blinded study in which the subjects received either placebo or 4 mg ondansetron intravenously at induction of anesthesia. A nausea scoring system was employed utilizing a 5-point linear scale, with 1 point given for no nausea and a maximum of 5 points for an episode of emesis, Each patient received a total of four scores postoperatively, RESULTS: The patients receiving placebo had significantly more episodes of nausea (53 versus 32; P <0.009) and emesis (11 versus 2; P <0.02), higher mean total nausea scores (7.2 versus 5.4; P <0.006), and need for additional postoperative antiemetics (23 versus 14; P <0.05) than those receiving ondansetron. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy, ondansetron at induction was highly effective in decreasing postoperative nausea and vomiting and should become the standard. (C) 2000 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Cleveland Clin Florida, Dept Gen Surg, Naples, FL 34119 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Liberman, MA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Surg, 6101 Pineridge Rd, Naples, FL 34119 USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 179 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0002-9610(99)00251-2 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 288KR UT WOS:000085562400021 PM 10737581 ER PT B AU Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, YS AF Buchanan, JL Gilbert, RP Wirgin, A Xu, YS BE Santosa, F Stakgold, I TI Identification of acoustically soft solids of revolution in a waveguide using the ICBA method SO ANALYTICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCATTERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS SE CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC RESEARCH NOTES IN MATHEMATICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applied Mathematics CY NOV, 1998 CL UNIV DELAWARE, NEWARK, DE SP Univ Delaware HO UNIV DELAWARE ID DIFFRACTION PROBLEMS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; BOUNDARIES; GRATINGS C1 USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Buchanan, JL (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Math, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 1-58488-159-3 J9 CH CRC RES NOTES PY 2000 VL 417 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BP99A UT WOS:000086825600003 ER PT J AU Watkins, AN Ligler, FS AF Watkins, AN Ligler, FS TI Patterned deposition of sol-gel thin films using an airbrush SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE sol gels; wavelength conversion; channel waveguides; aerosol deposition; airbrush; zirconium and titanium based ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; GLASS; IMMOBILIZATION; LAYERS AB In this article, we present a method to pattern glass substrates with sol-gel derived thin films. This method is based on the aerosol deposition of sol-gel precursor solutions using an inexpensive, commercially available airbrush. The technique was demonstrated using Cy5-doped sol-gel thin films for the creation of wavelength conversion devices. The films deposited were mechanically and chemically rigid, and patterns could be achieved with a resolution limit of approximately 250 mu m Constructing channel waveguides was also attempted using both zirconium- and titanium-based sol-gel thin films. Deposited thin films of these materials showed graininess that Limited the ability to couple Light into the films and increased the observed scatter. However, light was successfully coupled into the titanium-based sol-gel film using small lens-like structures created on the glass surface. C1 USN, Ctr Biomed Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ligler, FS (reprint author), USN, Ctr Biomed Sci & Engn, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2000 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1899 EP 1912 DI 10.1080/00032710008543166 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 327CV UT WOS:000087776300012 ER PT J AU Zhang, MX Eaton, PE Gilardi, R AF Zhang, MX Eaton, PE Gilardi, R TI Hepta- and octanitrocubanes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURES; CUBANES; 1,3,5,7-TETRANITROCUBANE; PENTANITROCUBANE; HEXANITROCUBANE; PREDICTION; CHEMISTRY; ACIDITY; ANIONS C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USN, Struct Matter Lab, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Eaton, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 37 TC 223 Z9 233 U1 8 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 2 BP 401 EP + DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(20000117)39:2<401::AID-ANIE401>3.0.CO;2-P PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 276PJ UT WOS:000084886300028 ER PT J AU Cheon, KS Selinger, JV Green, MM AF Cheon, KS Selinger, JV Green, MM TI Designing a helical polymer that reverses its handedness at a selected, continuously variable, temperature SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE chirality; cooperative effects; helical structures; polymers; thermodynamics ID CHIRAL INFORMATION; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; POLYISOCYANATES; ISOCYANATE); COPOLYMERS; CONFORMATION; SERGEANTS; MOLECULES; INDUCTION; MONOMERS C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Polytech Univ, Herman F Mark Polymer Res Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Selinger, JV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Selinger, Jonathan/D-1445-2010 OI Selinger, Jonathan/0000-0002-4982-2457 NR 39 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1482 EP + DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(20000417)39:8<1482::AID-ANIE1482>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 306LW UT WOS:000086599000026 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Gilardi, RD AF Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Gilardi, RD TI 3,3 '-azobis(6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine): A novel high-nitrogen energetic material SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azo compounds; explosives; nitrogen heterocycles; oxidations ID 3,6-DIAMINO-1,2,4,5-TETRAZINE C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hiskey, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 238 Z9 262 U1 5 U2 45 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1791 EP + DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(20000515)39:10<1791::AID-ANIE1791>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 315PV UT WOS:000087122900013 ER PT J AU Archer, M AF Archer, M TI TAME: Using PVS strategies for special-purpose theorem proving SO ANNALS OF MATHEMATICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE theorem proving; strategies; PVS ID REAL-TIME SYSTEMS; REQUIREMENTS; VERIFICATION; SOFTWARE AB TAME (Timed Automata Modeling Environment), an interface to the theorem proving system PVS, is designed for proving properties of three classes of automata: I/O automata, Lynch-Vaandrager timed automata, and SCR automata. TAME provides templates for specifying these automata, a set of auxiliary theories, and a set of specialized PVS strategies that rely on these theories and on the structure of automata defined using the templates. Use of the TAME strategies simplifies the process of proving automaton properties. particularly state and transition invariants. TAME provides two types of strategies: strategies for "automatic" proof and strategies designed to implement "natural" proof steps, i.e., proof steps that mimic the high-level steps in typical natural language proofs. TAME's "natural" proof steps can be used both to mechanically check hand proofs in a straightforward way and to create proof scripts that can he understood without executing them in the PVS proof checker. Several new PVS features can be used to obtain better control and efficiency in user-defined strategies such as those used in TAME. This paper describes the TAME strategies, their use, and how their implementation exploits the structure of specifications and various PVS features, It also describes several features, currently unsupported in PVS. that would either allow additional "natural" proof steps in TAME or allow existing TAME proof steps to be improved. Lessons learned from TAME relevant to the development of similar specialized interfaces to PVS or other theorem provers are discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Code 5546, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM archer@itd.nrl.navy.mil NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1012-2443 EI 1573-7470 J9 ANN MATH ARTIF INTEL JI Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 181 DI 10.1023/A:1018913028597 PG 43 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 439JE UT WOS:000169112700005 ER PT J AU Nada, N Rine, DC AF Nada, N Rine, DC TI Three empirical evaluations of a software reuse reference model SO ANNALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID SUCCESS FACTORS AB The contribution of this paper is three empirical evaluations of a reference model for the practice of software reuse. Our research thesis is that software development based upon a software reuse reference model improves quality of products, productivity of processes and product time-to-market for many software development enterprises. The definition and investigation of such a model has been carried out using three steps. First, the reference model is developed based on existing software reuse concepts. Second, this reference model is empirically evaluated using three studies: one using a survey method, one using a case studies method, and one using a legacy studies method. Third, the impact of the reference model on software development productivity, quality, and time-to-market is empirically derived. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Software Engn Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Informat Technol & Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Software Engn Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM nnada@cs.nps.navy.mil; drine@cs.gmu.edu NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-7091 J9 ANN SOFTW ENG JI Ann. Softw. Eng. PY 2000 VL 10 BP 225 EP 259 DI 10.1023/A:1018943801422 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 372YB UT WOS:000165260700008 ER PT J AU Schneidewind, NF AF Schneidewind, NF TI Software quality control and prediction model for maintenance SO ANNALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Review AB We develop a quality control and prediction model for improving the quality of software delivered by development to maintenance. This model identifies modules that require priority attention during development and maintenance by using Boolean discriminant functions. The model also predicts during development the quality that will be delivered to maintenance by using both point and confidence interval estimates of quality. We show that it is important to perform a marginal analysis when making a decision about how many metrics to include in a discriminant function. If many metrics are added at once, the contribution of individual metrics is obscured. Also, the marginal analysis provides an effective rule for deciding when to stop adding metrics. We also show that certain metrics are dominant in their effects on classifying quality and that additional metrics are not needed to increase the accuracy of classification. Related to this property of dominance is the property of concordance, which is the degree to which a set of metrics produces the same result in classifying software quality. A high value of concordance implies that additional metrics will not make a significant contribution to accurately classifying quality; hence, these metrics are redundant. Data from the Space Shuttle flight software are used to illustrate the model process. C1 USN, Div Comp & Informat Sci & Operat, Postgrad Sch, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. RP USN, Div Comp & Informat Sci & Operat, Postgrad Sch, 2822 Racoon Trail, Pebble Beach, CA 93953 USA. EM nschneid@nps.navy.mil NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-7091 J9 ANN SOFTW ENG JI Ann. Softw. Eng. PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1-4 BP 79 EP 101 DI 10.1023/A:1018920623712 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 310ZT UT WOS:000086860200005 ER PT S AU Youngk, RD AF Youngk, RD GP IEST TI Automobile engine reliability, maintainability and oil maintenance SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM - 2000 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 24-27, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, SAE, Int Soc Logist, Soc Reliabil Engineers, INst Environm Sci & Technol, IIE, Syst Safety Soc, Amer Soc Quali, Reliabil Div, Soc Reliab Engineers DE automobile engine reliability; oil maintenance; automobile engine lubrication AB This paper provides an investigation of the effectiveness of the oil change, one of the most basic procedures for automobile engine preventive maintenance. The analysis in this paper is based on a review of oil, engine, and bearing technologies and on a survey of vehicle operators. The oil development, specification and approval process is also discussed. The results indicate engine reliability is significantly dependent on the period between oil changes. Surprisingly, the survey data shows that oil changes, when too frequent, can reduce the expected life of an automobile engine. The unexpected outcome is supported by lubrication technology literature. Changing engine oil at the proper mileage can improve engine reliability and has the potential to reduce nationwide waste and recycled oil by 325 million gallons annually. The history of the 20th century automobile engine, and engine lubricants, clearly shows the progress of significant performance and technical improvements. Engine horsepower rating, operating temperatures, and speeds have greatly increased. The list of oil additives along with their effectiveness has grown also. Despite more demanding conditions, engine reliability has also improved. Many automobile operators change engine oil more frequently than required by the manufacturer. All automobile manufacturer's provide oil change mileage recommendations which are based on the climate and the type of driving. A query in the operator's manuals is used to determine this mileage and most manufacturers require oil changes at about 7,500 miles for "normal service" or 3,000 miles for "severe service." This paper concludes that automobile engine reliability will be improved by using these recommended oil drain intervals with potential results of a significant nationwide reduction in waste and recycled oil. C1 USN, Sea Syst Command, Submarine Program Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Youngk, RD (reprint author), USN, Sea Syst Command, Submarine Program Off, 1150 Little Magothy View, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-5848-1 J9 P A REL MAI PY 2000 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2000.816290 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BR23D UT WOS:000165922200016 ER PT J AU Efros, AL Rosen, M AF Efros, AL Rosen, M TI The electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE optical properties; quantum size levels; exchange interaction; magnetic dopant ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; EXCHANGE INTERACTION; ENERGY-SPECTRUM; BAND-STRUCTURE; MICROCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALLITES; ABSORPTION AB We review the rapid progress made in our understanding of the crystal properties of semiconductors and nanocrystals focussing on theoretical results obtained within the multiband effective mass approximation. A comparison with experiment shows these results are valid for nanocrystals down 22-26 Angstrom in diameter. The effect of the electron-hole Coulomb interaction on the optical spectra is analyzed. A theory of the quantum-size levels in wide gap (CdSe) and narrow gap semiconductors (InAs) is presented that describes the absorption spectra of these semiconductors well. A great enhancement of the electron-hole exchange interaction leads to the formation of the optically forbidden Dark Exciton in nanocrystals, which strongly affects their photoluminescence. A theory of the band-edge exciton fine structure is presented and applied to the study of the PL in CdSe nanocrystals. The effect of doping on nanocrystal spectra is considered. The enhancement of the short-range spin-spin interaction in Mn-doped nanocrystals leads to a giant splitting of the electron and hole spin sublevels. C1 USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Efros, AL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Nanostruct Opt Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM efros@ccfsun.nrl.navy.mil; rosen@ccfsun.nrl.navy.mil NR 64 TC 567 Z9 573 U1 30 U2 304 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6600 J9 ANNU REV MATER SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. PY 2000 VL 30 BP 475 EP 521 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.30.1.475 PG 47 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 354LR UT WOS:000089332400018 ER PT B AU Doherty, RM Leiber, CO AF Doherty, RM Leiber, CO BE Machacek, O TI Characterization of intermolecular explosives SO APPLICATION OF DEMILITARIZED GUN AND ROCKET PROPELLANTS IN COMMERCIAL EXPLOSIVES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Application of Demilitarized Gun and Rocket Propellants in Commercial Explosives CY OCT 18-21, 1999 CL KRASNOARMEISK, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci Advisory Comm AB The use of recovered rocket and gun propellants in commercial slurry explosives will require some understanding of the characteristics of intermolecular explosives, since the fuel-oxidizer mixtures that are common in propellants will, when made detonable, constitute explosives of this type. The slow energy release and strong dependence of initiability on properties of the mixture such as porosity and intimacy of mixture of the components must be taken into account when the sensitivity and performance of these materials is assessed. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. RP Doherty, RM (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6697-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2000 VL 3 BP 141 EP 148 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BR92Y UT WOS:000168052400018 ER PT S AU Prokop, EJ Marchette, DJ AF Prokop, EJ Marchette, DJ BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB TI Evaluation of classifier boosting SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID SYSTEM AB Boosting is a mechanism that combines a large number of weak classifiers into a single stronger classifier by taking a weighted majority vote. We show that even very simple classifiers can be combined to form a reliable classifier through boosting, even when the individual classifiers themselves are rather poor. We demonstrate these results on several interesting problems including image analysis, chemical weapon detection, and an artificial olfactory device. Some practical aspects are discussed, particularly as related to very large data sets, high dimensional data, and error improvement versus increased computation time. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Prokop, EJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3681-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4055 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1117/12.380603 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BQ19C UT WOS:000087421200006 ER PT S AU Marchette, DJ Priebe, CE AF Marchette, DJ Priebe, CE BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB TI ANDRomeda: Adaptive nonlinear dimensionality reduction SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE dimensionality reduction; inter-point distances; high dimensional data; artificial nose ID SYSTEM AB Standard approaches for the classification of high dimensional data require the selection of features, the projection of the features to a lower dimensional space, and the construction of the classifier in the lower dimensional space. Two fundamental issues arise in determining an appropriate projection to a lower dimensional space: the target dimensionality for the projection must be determined, and a particular projection must be selected from a specified family. We present an algorithm which is designed specifically for classification tasks and addresses both these issues. The family of nonlinear projections considered is based on interpoint distances - in particular, we consider point-to-subset distances. Our algorithm selects both the number of subsets to use (the dimensionality of the projection) and the subsets themselves (thereby defining the nonlinear projection). The methodology is applied to an artificial nose odorant classification task. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RP Marchette, DJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Code B10, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. RI Priebe, Carey E./A-3305-2010 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3681-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4055 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.380564 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BQ19C UT WOS:000087421200014 ER PT J AU Valeri, CR Ichikura, T Pivacek, LE Giorgio, A Prusty, S Dittmer, J AF Valeri, CR Ichikura, T Pivacek, LE Giorgio, A Prusty, S Dittmer, J TI Intravascular circulation and distribution of human Cr-51-DBBF stroma-free hemoglobin, Cr-51-plasma, Cr-51-saline, Fe-59-plasma, and I-125-albumin in the mouse SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD SUBSTITUTE; EXCHANGE; TOXICITY; TRANSFUSION; RAT AB Male BGC3HF1 mice were infused with human Cr-51-labeled DBBF (bis 3,5-dibromosalicyl fumarate) crosslinked stroma-fi-ee hemoglobin (SFH). In the first hour following SFH infusion, 11.2% of the infused radioactivity was found in the skin, 11.4% in muscle, 9.1% in the skeleton, and 5% in the liver. Twenty-four hours after infusion, 15.4% of the radioactivity was found in the skin, 10.3% in the muscle, 16.6% in the skeleton, and 6.7% in the liver. The circulation and distribution of Cr-51-labeled DBBF-SFH were compared with levels of Cr-51 labeled plasma, Cr-51 in saline, Fe-59 labeled plasma, and I-125 albumin. The radioactivity in the blood was similar for Cr-51-DBBF-SFH, Cr-51-plasma, and Fe-59-plasma. During the 24-hour post-infusion period, extravascular distribution of the Cr-51-saline, Cr-51-plasma, and I-125 albumin within the organs was similar to that of Cr-51-DBBF-SFH, with the highest levels being in skin, muscle, skeleton and liver, and no increase in the levels in the lung or spleen. The distribution of Fe-59 compared to that of Cr-51-DBBF, Cr-51-plasma, Cr-51-saline, and I-125 albumin can be explained by the fact that Fe-59 is utilized in the production of new red blood cells. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Valeri, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, USN, Blood Res Lab, 615 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 451 EP 475 PG 25 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 367JY UT WOS:000090059000001 PM 11063089 ER PT S AU Binning, PW Soyka, MT Middour, JW AF Binning, PW Soyka, MT Middour, JW BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Orbit determination using space to ground Differential gps in NRL's OCEAN package SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Results of the Differential GPS (DGPS) development in NRL's orbit determination package, OCEAN, are detailed. The algorithms and methodology are discussed as are the actual operations of the software modules. Results are presented from a number of test cases using data from the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. Results are shown from the OCEAN Weighted Least Squares (WLS) as well as the OCEAN Kalman Filter and Smoother (KFS) estimation algorithms. Comparisons between ephemerides from both are made. The ultimate goal is to determine the level of ephemeris accuracy by defining a set of procedures and measurands. It is believed that OCEAN produces ephemerides which are accurate to the 50 cm level in an RMS sense. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Binning, PW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applicat Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlock Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 421 EP 434 PN 1-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400026 ER PT S AU Edwards, SG Agrawal, BN Phan, MQ Longman, RW AF Edwards, SG Agrawal, BN Phan, MQ Longman, RW BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Disturbance identification and rejection experiments on an Ultra Quiet Platform SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Vibration isolation on spacecraft is needed for imaging sensors, microgravity experiments, and other sensitive payloads. Active control methods for isolation or disturbance cancellation become important as performance requirements are tightened, and spacecraft become larger and more flexible. This paper experimentally compares three approaches to active disturbance cancellation, the Multiple Error LMS Algorithm, the Clear Box Disturbance Rejection Algorithm, and the Adaptive Basis Function Disturbance Rejection Algorithm. Experiments are performed on an Ultra Quiet Platform, a Stewart platform design using piezoceramic stack actuators and highly sensitive geophone sensors. The second and third algorithms are seen to have substantial advantages over the Multiple Error LMS Algorithm, including the ability of adapting to changing plant dynamics, e.g. when solar arrays are rotated, the ability to cancel unforeseen disturbances, and the ability to make intelligent control allocation choices when control authority is limited. In addition, there is no need for a disturbance correlated signal, and no need for the associated sensor hardware as required by the LMS algorithm. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Edwards, SG (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 633 EP 651 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400040 ER PT S AU Cox, JL Middour, JW Llewellyn, RK AF Cox, JL Middour, JW Llewellyn, RK BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Orbit Analysis Tools Software (Version 1 for Windows (TM)) SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Orbit Analysis Tools Software (OATS) has been revised and expanded for use on Windows(TM) 95 and Windows(TM) NT operating systems. The three previous versions available to the public were for use on a Macintosh computer. The principal function of OATS is to perform satellite mission and coverage analysis using both numerical and graphical techniques to compute and display Earth coverage data and ground-to-satellite geometrical parameters. Satellite ephemerides can be computed by any of the four orbit propagators provided with the program, or they can be imported from an external source, Six commonly utilized map projections are available to plot computational results. Some of the program enhancements of Version 1 include the typical Windows(TM) graphical user interface of menu options and toolbar buttons. This latest release also provides a real time propagation option for generating the ephemeris data. This feature simultaneously generates the ephemeris and graphically displays the current satellite position and tracks on a map in real time. A series of tests validating the functionality and accuracy of Version 1 OATS for Windows(TM) were also conducted. This verification method was accomplished by making comparisons between computations and displays of Version 1 OATS for Windows(TM) and the previously validated Version 5.0.4 OATS for the Macintosh. The new Windows(TM) interface was written using Visual C++. The OATS program runs on the Windows(TM) 95, 98, or Windows(TM) NT operating systems and requires 8 MB RAM with 5 MB hard disk space. C1 USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applic Off, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cox, JL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Astrodynam & Space Applic Off, Code 8103,4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 769 EP 782 PN 1-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400047 ER PT S AU Danielson, DA Canright, D Perini, DN Schumacher, PW AF Danielson, DA Canright, D Perini, DN Schumacher, PW BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI The naval space command automatic differential correction process SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Naval Space Command maintains a database of orbital elements for the objects in the space catalog. This report is a documentation of the software which inputs new observations of a satellite and its old element set and outputs a new element set. Topics covered include: mathematics of batch least squares differential correction process, definition of fit span and passes, calculation of residuals and partials, inclusion of historical data, solution to normal equations, iterations and tolerances. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Danielson, DA (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, 1411 Cummingham Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 991 EP 1008 PN 1-3 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400061 ER PT S AU Nicholas, AC Picone, JM Thonnard, SE AF Nicholas, AC Picone, JM Thonnard, SE BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI A methodology for using optimal MSIS parameters retrieved from SSULI data to compute satellite drag on LEO objects SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID DISCRETE INVERSE-THEORY; COLUMN DENSITY; PROGRAM; DAYGLOW AB The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed five ultraviolet remote sensing instruments for the Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). These instruments known as SSULI (Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager), will be launched aboard the DMSP Block 5D3 Satellites starting in 2001. In conjunction with the hardware program an extensive operational data processing system has been developed. This system known as GDAS (Ground Data Analysis Software) includes data reduction software using NRL's physics-based inversion algorithms, a customized graphical data interface, and comprehensive validation techniques. In addition to the development, testing and validation of the SSULI hardware and software, NRL maintains a strong commitment to the transition of new technology to improve the performance, effectiveness and reliability of DoD assets. For the SSULI program, a key technology transition area is the improvement of satellite tracking and orbit prediction. For low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, solar variability correlates to variability in satellite drag. On several occasions, large solar bursts have caused severe changes in satellite drag temporarily causing the loss of numerous objects from catalogs. NRL is currently developing techniques to apply the neutral density information from the SSULI sensors to optimize the MSIS model fcr superior drag estimations and orbit determination capabilities. To demonstrate this process, we predict the orbit of GFZI for a simulated atmosphere using a high precision orbit propagator and our data inversion. The propagator integrates the equations of motion using Runge-Kutta-Fehilberg methods of order 7-8. The Jacchia 1971 model provides the simulated ground truth atmospheric density under solar minimum conditions. Using these simulated conditions we provide detailed examples of the baseline methodology, in which optimal MSIS parameters are retrieved from either drag or SSULI UV data to provide an accurate global three-dimensional density field. The resulting improvement on orbit determination is quantified for different strategies of applying the improved MSIS parameters. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nicholas, AC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7623,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 1241 EP 1255 PN 1-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400076 ER PT S AU Ross, IM AF Ross, IM BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Thrust programming in aeroassisted maneuvers SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ORBITAL TRANSFER; OPTIMALITY; CONSTRAINTS; FLIGHT AB Based on their application, aeroassisted maneuvers may be classified as aerocapture, aerobraking, aerogravity assist, synergetic maneuvers and so on. In many applications, the thermal load on the vehicle cannot be ignored, and quite often, it is a driving requirement in the design of vehicles and guidance-algorithms. In this paper, we address the atmospheric pass of the aeroassisted maneuver, and include the convective heating-rate on the vehicle as a constraint. Specifically, we examine the question of thrusting during the atmospheric pass. By using the so-called D-form of the Lagrangian, we show that the same switching function may be used for the interior are as well as the heating-rate boundary are. Hence, thrust modulation over the boundary are is also singular in the sense of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. We show that the interior singular thrust are fails to satisfy the Goh-Robbins condition for optimality while the boundary singular thrust are fails to satisfy a nonnegativity condition supplied by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. This allows a formulation of a bang-bang theorem for thrusting during the aeropass, The heating-rate can be controlled by modulating the angle of attack, which is given implicitly in a state feedback form. These results are used to postulate that higher efficiencies may be achieved by multiple thrust switches. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ross, IM (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Code AA-Ro, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 1607 EP 1625 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400096 ER PT S AU Gates, SS Koss, SM Zedd, MF AF Gates, SS Koss, SM Zedd, MF BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Advanced Tether Experiment deployment failure SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The Advanced Tether Experiment (ATEx) was launched into orbit aboard the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) sponsored Space Technology Experiment spacecraft (STEX) on October 3, 1998. ATEx was intended to demonstrate deployment and survivability of a novel tether design as well as controlled libration maneuvers. On January 16, 1999 after deployment of only 22 meters of tether, ATEx was jettisoned from STEX due to an out-of-limits condition sent by the experiment's tether angle sensor. This paper reviews the essential system design, presents the available night data, suggests likely causes of failure, and summarizes lessons learned. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gates, SS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 8231,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 1761 EP 1780 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400104 ER PT S AU Barnds, WJ Coffey, SL AF Barnds, WJ Coffey, SL BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Tracking of the TiPS tethered satellite system SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This paper presents the recent findings of the Naval Research Laboratory's investigation into determining and predicting the motion of the TiPS tethered satellite system. We present improved techniques for characterizing the orbital dynamics of the system. A reference ephemeris has been produced using the combined observations of the satellite laser ranging (SLR) network, the US Space Surveillance Network (SSN) and the Altair radar operating on the Kwajalein Atoll. This ephemeris is used to improve upon our previously reported libration decay findings. Further, the reference ephemeris is used to evaluate the prediction accuracy obtainable from the individual network components (e.g. SLR, SSN) acting alone. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Barnds, WJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 1843 EP 1853 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400108 ER PT B AU Zacharias, N Rafferty, TJ Zacharias, MI AF Zacharias, N Rafferty, TJ Zacharias, MI BE Manset, N Veillet, C Crabtree, D TI The UCAC astrometric survey SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS IX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual Conference for Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS 99) CY OCT 03-06, 1999 CL HI SP Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp AB The USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC) project is a high precision, astrometric survey. Observations started in January 1998 at Cerro Tololo (CTIO). A preliminary catalog of 30 million stars has been prepared, covering most of the area between declinations -90 and -15. It has a 10 fold improvement in accuracy over the Guide Star Catalogue (GSC) and a larger density, reaching to 16th magnitude. The catalog is supplemented by preliminary proper motions. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Zacharias, N (reprint author), USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-047-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 216 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BR86E UT WOS:000167857000087 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Anderson, SF Voges, W Margon, B Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Carr, MA Csabai, I Doi, M Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Pauls, AG Pier, JR Rechenmacher, R Richards, GT Rockosi, CM Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Waddell, P York, DG AF Fan, XH Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Anderson, SF Voges, W Margon, B Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Carr, MA Csabai, I Doi, M Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ McKay, TA Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Pauls, AG Pier, JR Rechenmacher, R Richards, GT Rockosi, CM Stoughton, C Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tucker, DL Waddell, P York, DG TI High-redshift quasars found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. II. The spring Equatorial Stripe SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : general; surveys ID ABSORPTION SYSTEMS; STANDARD STARS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AB This is the second paper in a series aimed at finding high-redshift quasars from five-color (u'g'r'i'z') imaging data taken along the Celestial Equator by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during its commissioning phase. In this paper, we present 22 high-redshift quasars (z > 3.6) discovered from similar to 250 deg(2) of data in the spring Equatorial Stripe, plus photometry for two previously known high-redshift quasars in the same region of the sky. Our success rate in identifying high-redshift quasars is 68%. Five of the newly discovered quasars have redshifts higher than 4.6 (z = 4.62, 4.69, 4.70, 4.92, and 5.03). All the quasars have i* < 20.2 with absolute magnitude -28.8 < M < M(B) -26.1 (h = 0.5, q(0) = 0.5). Several of the quasars show unusual emission and absorption features in their spectra, including an object at z = 4.62 without detectable emission lines, and a broad absorption line (BAL) quasar at z = 4.92. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85750 Garching, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tanashi, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Fan, XH (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 29 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1086/301191 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 280NW UT WOS:000085109700001 ER PT J AU LaRosa, TN Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Hyman, SD AF LaRosa, TN Kassim, NE Lazio, TJW Hyman, SD TI A wide-field 90 centimeter VLA image of the Galactic center region SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; radio continuum ID SAGITTARIUS-A COMPLEX; SGR-A; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; RADIO-SOURCES; IONIZED-GAS; ARC; FILAMENTS; PLANE; G359.54+0.18; FEATURES AB We present a wide-field, high dynamic range, high-resolution, long-wavelength (lambda = 90 cm) VLA image of the Galactic center region. The image is centered on Sgr A, covers an area of 4 degrees x 5 degrees with an angular resolution of 43 ", and has a rms sensitivity of approximate to 5 mJy beam-l. The image was constructed from archival (1989 and 1991) VLA data of Pedlar et al. and Anantharamaiah et al. using new three-dimensional image restoration techniques. These three-dimensional imaging techniques resolve the problem of non-coplanar baselines encountered at long wavelengths and yield distortion-free imaging of far-field sources with improved sensitivity. At lambda = 90 cm the VLA is sensitive to both thermal and nonthermal emission and the resulting image gives an unprecedented contextual perspective of the large-scale radio structure in this unique and complicated region. We have catalogued over a hundred sources from this image and present for each source its 90 cm flux density, position, and size. For many of the small- diameter sources, we also derive the 20/90 cm spectral index. The spectral index as a function of length along several of the isolated nonthermal filaments has been estimated and found to be constant. We have found six new small-diameter sources, as well as several extended regions of emission, which are clearly distinct sources that have not been previously identified at higher frequencies. These data are presented as a first epoch of VLA observations that can be used to search for source variability in conjunction with a second epoch of observations that were recently initiated. C1 Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, Kennesaw, GA USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sweet Briar Coll, Dept Phys, Sweet Briar, VA 24595 USA. RP LaRosa, TN (reprint author), Kennesaw State Univ, Dept Biol & Phys Sci, 1000 ChastainRd, Kennesaw, GA USA. EM ted@avatar.kennesaw.edu; kassim@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; lazio@rsd.nrl.navy.mil; hyman@sbc.edu NR 76 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 207 EP 240 DI 10.1086/301168 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 280NW UT WOS:000085109700022 ER PT J AU Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Gizis, JE Dahn, CC Monet, DG Williams, RJ Liebert, J Burgasser, AJ AF Reid, IN Kirkpatrick, JD Gizis, JE Dahn, CC Monet, DG Williams, RJ Liebert, J Burgasser, AJ TI Four nearby L dwarfs SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : stellar content; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : luminosity function, mass function ID LOW-MASS STARS; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; BROWN DWARFS; FAINT STARS; SPECTROMETER AB We present spectroscopic, photometric and astrometric observations of four bright L dwarfs identified in the course of the 2MASS near-infrared survey. Our spectroscopic data extend to wavelengths shortward of 5000 Angstrom in the L0 dwarf 2MASS J0746 + 2000 and the L4 dwarf 2MASS J0036 + 1840, allowing the identification of absorption bands due to MgH and CaOH. The atomic resonance lines Ca I lambda 4227 and Na I lambda lambda 5890/5896 are extremely strong, with the latter having an equivalent width of 240 Angstrom in the L4 dwarf. By spectral type L5, the D lines extend over similar to 1000 Angstrom and absorb a substantial fraction of the flux emitted in the V band, with a corresponding effect on the (V-I) broadband color. The K I resonance doublet at 7665/7699 Angstrom increases in equivalent width from spectral type M3 to M7, but decreases in strength from M7 to L0 before broadening substantially at later types. These variations are likely driven by dust formation in these cool atmospheres. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Reid, IN (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 39 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1086/301177 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 280NW UT WOS:000085109700034 ER PT J AU Chambers, JE Murison, MA AF Chambers, JE Murison, MA TI Pseudo-high-order symplectic integrators SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics, stellar dynamics; methods : n-body simulations; methods : numerical ID BODY PROBLEM AB Symplectic N-body integrators are widely used to study problems in celestial mechanics. The most popular algorithms are of second and fourth order, requiring two and six substeps per time step, respectively. The number of substeps increases rapidly with order in time step, rendering higher order methods impractical. However, symplectic integrators are often applied to systems in which perturbations between bodies are a small factor epsilon of the force due to a dominant central mass. In this case, it is possible to create optimized symplectic algorithms that require fewer substeps per time step. This is achieved by only considering error terms of order epsilon and neglecting those of order epsilon(2), epsilon(3), etc. Here we devise symplectic algorithms with four and six substeps per step which effectively behave as fourth- and sixth-order integrators when epsilon is small. These algorithms are more efficient than the usual second- and fourth-order methods when applied to planetary systems. C1 Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. USN Observ, Astron Appl Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Chambers, JE (reprint author), Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1086/301161 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 280NW UT WOS:000085109700041 ER PT J AU Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Canzian, B Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Guetter, HH Munn, JA Hartmann, DH Jennings, MC AF Vrba, FJ Henden, AA Canzian, B Levine, SE Luginbuhl, CB Guetter, HH Munn, JA Hartmann, DH Jennings, MC TI The optical afterglow light curve of GRB 980519 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : observations ID GAMMA-RAY BURST C1 USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Vrba, FJ (reprint author), USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, POB 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 528 IS 1 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1086/308155 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277PC UT WOS:000084941100022 ER PT J AU Harrison, FA Ray, PS Leahy, DA Waltman, EB Pooley, GG AF Harrison, FA Ray, PS Leahy, DA Waltman, EB Pooley, GG TI Simultaneous X-ray and radio monitoring of the unusual binary LS I+61 degrees 303: Measurements of the light curve and high-energy spectrum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; gamma rays : observations; radio continuum : stars; stars : individual (LS I+61 degrees 303) ID SOURCE 2CG-135+01; LSI+61-DEGREES-303; +61-DEGREES-303; EMISSION; OUTBURST; REGIMES; PULSAR AB The binary system, LS I +61 degrees 303, is unusual both because of the dramatic, periodic, radio outbursts, and because of its possible association with the 100 MeV gamma-ray source, 2CG 135+ 01. We have performed simultaneous radio and Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer X-ray observations at 11 intervals over the 26.5 day orbit, and in addition searched for variability on timescales ranging from milliseconds to hours. We confirm the modulation of the X-ray emission on orbital timescales originally reported by Taylor et al., and in addition we find a significant offset between the peak of the X-ray and radio flux. We argue that based on these results, the most likely X-ray emission mechanism is inverse Compton scattering of stellar photons off of electrons accelerated at the shock boundary between the relativistic wind of a young pulsar and the Be star wind. In these observations we also detected 2-150 keV flux from the nearby low-redshift quasar QSO 0241+622. Comparing these measurements to previous hard X-ray and gamma-ray observations of the region containing both LS I +61 degrees 303 and QSO 0241 + 622, it is clear that emission from the QSO dominates. C1 CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Mullard Radio Astron Observ, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Harrison, FA (reprint author), CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 528 IS 1 BP 454 EP 461 DI 10.1086/308157 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277PC UT WOS:000084941100040 ER PT J AU Maia, D Pick, M Vourlidas, A Howard, R AF Maia, D Pick, M Vourlidas, A Howard, R TI Development of coronal mass ejections: Radio shock signatures SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : activity; sun : corona; sun : radio radiation ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; LASCO AB We present observational imaging evidence for the existence of metric radio bursts closely associated with the front edge of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These radio bursts drift in frequency similarly to type II bursts. They are weak and usually go undetected on spectrograph data. We find the same measured projected velocity for the displacement of, respectively, the radio source (when observed at two or more frequencies) and the CME leading edge. The position of the emitting source coincides with the CME leading edge. Among the events analyzed, the fastest of them, with a velocity over 1400 km s(-1), was associated with interplanetary type II bursts. C1 Observ Paris, CNRS, Dept Astron Solaire, UMR 8645, F-92195 Meudon, France. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Maia, D (reprint author), Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Lisbon, Portugal. RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 NR 9 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 528 IS 1 BP L49 EP L51 DI 10.1086/312421 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277PE UT WOS:000084941300013 ER PT J AU Lee, MH Heikes, BG O'Sullivan, DW AF Lee, MH Heikes, BG O'Sullivan, DW TI Hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide in the troposphere: A review SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE methyl hydroperoxide; hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide; peroxide; radical; Henry's Law constant; collection efficiency; synthesis; standardization; measurement; tropospheric distribution ID LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT 2; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GAS-PHASE PEROXIDES; HYDROXYMETHYL HYDROPEROXIDE; PEROXYACETIC ACID; CRYOGENIC COLLECTION; METHYL-HYDROPEROXIDE; CONVECTIVE INJECTION; NONENZYMATIC METHOD AB The current knowledge of gas-phase hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide in the troposphere is reviewed: chemistry, properties, measurement methodology and tropospheric distribution. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Chem Studies, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Lee, MH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 136701, South Korea. OI O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703 NR 128 TC 133 Z9 140 U1 12 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 21 BP 3475 EP 3494 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00432-X PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333VG UT WOS:000088151000001 ER PT J AU Collins, DR Jonsson, HH Liao, H Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Noone, KJ Hering, SV AF Collins, DR Jonsson, HH Liao, H Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH Noone, KJ Hering, SV TI Airborne analysis of the Los Angeles aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol sampling; aircraft sampling; Southern California; photolysis rates ID PHOTOLYSIS RATE COEFFICIENT; POLLUTION MODELING SYSTEM; CALIFORNIA AIR-QUALITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEA-BREEZE; COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; RADIATION; SIMULATIONS; URBAN AB As part of the Southern California ozone study (SCOS), a research aircraft was employed during August and September of 1997 to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the aerosol present over the Los Angeles Basin. Aerosol size distributions measured using a differential mobility analyzer and two optical particle counters were combined with filter-based composition measurements to derive a physicochemical description of the aerosol sampled. The accuracy of this description was evaluated through comparison of derived and directly measured aerosol properties including mass, absorption coefficient, hemispherical backscattering coefficient, and total scattering coefficient at two different relative humidities. The sampled aerosol exhibited a complex vertical structure possessing multiple elevated aerosol layers. The most pronounced of these layers were observed to form by injection of aerosol above the ground-level mixed layer along the southern edge of the San Gabriel Mountains, which form the northern boundary of much of the Los Angeles Basin. Over multiple inland areas, additional layers were observed at about 2500 m above sea level (asl), while off the coast of Santa Monica, thin but concentrated layers were detected about 500 m asl. In addition to the sharp vertical gradients in aerosol concentration observed, horizontal gradients at multiple locations were found to be sufficient to result in more than 50% variability within a 5 x 5 km computational grid cell commonly used in atmospheric models. Vertically resolved aerosol measurements made over one location during several flights, as well as over several locations during a morning and afternoon flight on the same day, were used to investigate the temporally and spatially resolved impact the aerosol had on gas-phase photolysis rates. These calculations predict that for a 10 degrees zenith angle the sampled aerosol enhanced photolysis rates by up to about 5%, although a slight decrease was often observed near ground level. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Univ Stockholm, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Mail Code 210-41,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012; Collins, Don/F-9617-2012 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 24 BP 4155 EP 4173 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00225-9 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345LV UT WOS:000088818200011 ER PT S AU Seely, J Holland, G Deslattes, R Hudson, L Bell, P Back, C Miller, M AF Seely, J Holland, G Deslattes, R Hudson, L Bell, P Back, C Miller, M BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI Hard X-ray spectroscopy of NIF targets SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID CRYSTAL AB A hard x-ray spectrometer with five channels covering the energy range 1.1-20.1 keV is planned for the study of plasmas produced at the NIF and OMEGA laser facilities. The spectrometer utilizes four crystals in reflection, with a geometry similar to the NOVA HENWAY spectrometer, and one crystal in transmission. Spectra are recorded on CCD detectors with resolving power in the range 315-2800. A related single channel spectrometer, utilizing one transmission crystal and covering 12-60 keV, is presently under construction for the OMEGA laser. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 25 EP 35 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200003 ER PT S AU Davis, J Giuliani, J Clark, R Apruzese, J Thornhill, J Whitney, K Dasgupta, A Velikovich, A Chong, Y Rudakov, L Terry, R Kepple, P AF Davis, J Giuliani, J Clark, R Apruzese, J Thornhill, J Whitney, K Dasgupta, A Velikovich, A Chong, Y Rudakov, L Terry, R Kepple, P BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI Radiation modeling in dynamic Z-pinches SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID SHELL AB A brief discussion is presented on some of the methodologies and models that have been employed in modeling radiation production and radiation transport in Z-pinch plasmas. The consequences that stem from the compromises and trade-offs that result from different approximations used for the ionization dynamics and the solution of the transport equations are discussed. We will explore the role radiation plays in the dynamic evolution of a Z-pinch and demonstrate that the radiation cooling can alter pinch dynamics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Velikovich, Alexander/B-1113-2009 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200006 ER PT S AU Apruzese, JP Davis, J Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Sze, H Failor, BH Coleman, PL Levine, JS Song, Y Yadlowsky, EJ Carlson, EP Barakat, F Hazelton, RC Klepper, CC Deeney, C Coverdale, CA AF Apruzese, JP Davis, J Thornhill, JW Whitney, KG Sze, H Failor, BH Coleman, PL Levine, JS Song, Y Yadlowsky, EJ Carlson, EP Barakat, F Hazelton, RC Klepper, CC Deeney, C Coverdale, CA BE Mancini, RC Phaneuf, RA TI Recent advances in K-shell diagnostics for Z pinches SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL RENO, NV SP Univ Nevada, Phys Dept, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Nevada DOE EPSCoR, Univ Nevada ID X-RAY-EMISSION; WIRE-ARRAY IMPLOSIONS; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; LABORATORY PLASMAS; ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; MASS; SPECTROSCOPY; OPTIMIZATION AB Frequently, the most energetic radiation emitted in abundance from a Z pinch is photons from the H- and He-like stages of the load element(s), i.e., the K shell. Consequently, the K-shell spectroscopy of Z pinches is well established and often used for diagnostics. Four recent advances are described in this paper that have been made in the diagnostic use and interpretation of K-shell radiation emitted fi om Z pinches. First, use of a trace element in double shell gas puff loads on Double EAGLE (at Maxwell Physics International) has demonstrated that it is the subsequently heated inner puff gas that radiates most of the K-shell photons from the assembled pinch. This finding is consistent with previous data analyses and theory which showed that the hot pinch interior radiates most of the K-shell energy, and shows that little or no mixing of the outer and inner puffs occurs during the implosion and assembly. Second, the use of the intercombination to resonance line ratio to infer density has been reconciled with density determinations based on absolute power. Third, photoexcitations have been shown to substantially alter the interpretation of this line ratio when it is applied to diagnosing the density profile from spatially resolved spectroscopy. Lastly, some wire array experiments using Al:Mg alloy loads at Sandia National Laboratories have specifically demonstrated how more spectral data, properly analyzed, translates into more detailed information about the pinch conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-976-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 547 BP 81 EP 93 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR49V UT WOS:000166658200007 ER EF